1527:
transformed beyond recognition. Punjabi has undergone this metamorphosis time and again and yet it remains
Punjabi, the language to which the people in this part of the country belong. Even today the language spoken by the people living in Pothoar is different in flavor from the one spoken in Malwa, as much as the language spoken in Malwa is different in taste from that of Majha. It is said that the dialects in India start changing about every 30 kilometers. Like all other Indian languages, Punjabi, too, has a number of dialects. They can be as diverse as Pahari, spoken in the north, and Lehndi, prevalent in the south.
541:
199:
1526:
According to the renowned Sikh
Scholar, the late Principal Teja Singh, Punjabi is the language that the people of the Punjab have spoken from time immemorial. A living language keeps on changing its complexion. During the course of history, this change in complexion may result in the language being
1303:
Surpassing them all in the frequent subtlety of his linguistic choices, including the use of dialect forms as well as of frequent loanwords from
Sanskrit and Persian, Guru Nanak combined this poetic language of the Sants with his native Old Punjabi. It is this mixture of Old Punjabi and old Hindi
1558:
A further factor is added by the setting of the novel in an isolated village in the Malwa region of Punjab. The poorly educated characters converse with each other in the local Malwai dialect of
Punjabi. Their colloquial dialogue constitutes a crucial element of the fictional discourse, with the
1397:
Malwa region lies in the southern side of Satluj river. It includes the largest of all the three regions of the state. The dialects of
Punjabi language define regional identities. Malwa is defined by Malwai, Majha by Majhai and
1436:
The people of the region speak the Malwa dialect, which is similar to
Punjabi. Malwa is surrounded by the river Sutlej in the north, the river Ghaggar in the south, the Shivalik Hills in the east and Pakistan in the
1274:
As an independent language
Punjabi has gone through the following three stages of development: Old Punjabi (10th to 16th century). Medieval Punjabi (16th to 19th century), and Modern Punjabi (19th century to
1145:, 'ਹ' is not tonal. Exceptions are encountered when 'ਹ'/'ہ' is not followed by a schwa ending or a vowel sound, as in, ਕਹਿਣਾ, ਰਹਿ, ਘਾਹ / ۔کہنا، رہِ، گھاہ
404:
364:
1559:
third person narrator portraying characters and situations through the character's speech rhythms and the cultural environment they evoke.
1589:
1205:
The
Punjabi spoken in eastern tehsils of Ludhiana district (Ludhiana (East), Payal, Khanna and Samrala) forms a dialect continuum with
1164:
1814:
1459:
1188:
The language spoken in some southern villages of
Fazilka, Muktsar and Bahawalnagar districts forms a dialect continuum with
1809:
1169:
868:
Majhi dialect 1(ghaddi khalarna), 2 (banda khalota). Malwai dialect 1(ghaddi kharaona), 2 (banda kharota).
569:
1551:
1511:
1421:
1375:
1350:
1325:
1296:
1267:
1239:
91:
787:
lies in the speech pattern, the Malwai dialect most notably differs from the other dialects through its distinctive
1246:
The age of Old
Punjabi: up to 1600 A.D. It is said that evidence of Old Punjabi can be found in the Granth Sahib.
1582:
1598:
1506:. Honesdale, Pa.: Himalayan International Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy of the U.S.A. p. 77.
368:
862:
858:
1454:. Jeneen Hobby, Timothy L. Gall, Gale (2nd ed.). Farmington Hills, Mich.: Gale. 2009. p. 808.
1575:
1486:
1804:
296:
586:
393:
182:
101:
736:
267:
76:
562:
389:
320:
81:
656:
379:
355:
740:
86:
149:
8:
1193:
315:
244:
1480:
1159:
716:
620:
374:
325:
153:
1547:
1517:
1507:
1474:
The other important Punjabi dialects are Malwa, Doabi, Powadhi, Dogri, and Bhattiani.
1465:
1455:
1427:
1417:
1371:
1346:
1321:
1292:
1263:
1235:
768:
668:
640:
628:
555:
360:
338:
303:
291:
210:
775:
after Partition 1947.It is also spoken in Bahawalnagar and Nankana Sahib districts.
1781:
1742:
1699:
1681:
1612:
1154:
784:
696:
652:
648:
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624:
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345:
279:
257:
227:
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96:
132:
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472:
399:
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350:
68:
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1653:
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1206:
1189:
692:
594:
427:
142:
59:
20:
1798:
1755:
1666:
1661:
1622:
1617:
1539:
1469:
1142:
772:
636:
545:
540:
198:
1521:
1431:
477:
1773:
688:
1449:
1785:
1501:
1411:
489:
442:
1365:
1416:. Harvinder Kaur. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications. p. 11.
527:
523:
511:
507:
503:
783:
Although the characteristic distinction among the various dialects of
857:
Another notable difference is that where other Punjabi dialects have
744:
684:
519:
515:
497:
493:
485:
462:
166:
1567:
760:
457:
239:
190:
49:
1289:
Teachings of the Sikh Gurus : selections from the Scriptures
1286:
720:
700:
680:
660:
467:
452:
1714:
1691:
1642:
708:
664:
598:
234:
1320:(2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 423.
1709:
871:
The following peculiarities in vocabulary are also observed:
748:
724:
712:
704:
437:
432:
422:
45:
1287:
Christopher Shackle; Arvind Mandair (2013). "0.2.1 – Form".
1544:
Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications
1343:
One thousand languages : living, endangered, and lost
1304:
which constitutes the core idiom of all the earlier Gurus.
1345:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 115.
861:(ਲ) in Malwai many of those words are pronounced with an
1234:. New Delhi: National Book Trust, India. p. 149.
1366:
Braj B. Kachru; Yamuna Kachru; S. N. Sridhar (2008).
1262:(Reprint ed.). London: Routledge. p. XXV.
1451:Worldmark encyclopedia of cultures and daily life
1796:
1583:
1291:(First ed.). Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.
563:
791:(ਊ) sound in all future-tense verb endings.
1393:Politics of Coalition Governments in Punjab
1370:. Cambridge University Press. p. 411.
1590:
1576:
1165:List of Indian languages by total speakers
570:
556:
1318:International encyclopedia of linguistics
1546:(2nd ed.). Routledge. p. 138.
1260:Punjabi: A Cognitive-Descriptive Grammar
1315:
1797:
1538:
1499:
1340:
1257:
1229:
1192:, which is classified as a dialect of
1597:
1571:
1409:
1390:
865:(ਰ) or (ਲ਼) instead. For example:
735:The dialect is also found spoken in
1395:. Madaan Publications. p. 32.
1170:List of Punjabi television channels
13:
778:
679:Many Malwai speakers also live in
619:Major Malwai speaking centers are
197:
14:
1826:
1403:
771:by the communities migrated from
539:
23:of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh.
1532:
1503:Philosophy and Faith of Sikhism
1493:
1199:
1182:
667:and Ludhiana (West) tehsils of
604:
1442:
1384:
1359:
1334:
1309:
1280:
1251:
1223:
1:
1500:Duggal, Kartar Singh (1988).
1216:
1041:ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਤੋਂ/ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਕੋਲੋਂ/ਤਾਡਾ
795:Verb Conjugation Differences
1815:Punjabi language in Pakistan
730:
19:Not to be confused with the
7:
1148:
1044:تہاڈے توں/تہاڈے کولوں/تاڈا
873:
754:
10:
1831:
1810:Languages of Punjab, India
1391:Khan, Jamshid Ali (2006).
674:
18:
1768:
1741:
1723:
1690:
1652:
1641:
1605:
1316:Frawley, William (2003).
882:
879:
876:
614:
164:
159:
139:
125:
65:
55:
41:
33:
28:
1175:
609:
1410:Singh, Mandeep (2005).
1258:Bhatia, Tej K. (2013).
1141:Also, in contrast with
970:To uproot/to dig (out)
1485:: CS1 maint: others (
1368:Language in South Asia
1341:Austin, Peter (2008).
1230:Haldar, Gopal (2000).
1004:(My/your/his/her) own
202:
953:To lift/to pick (up)
201:
1027:میرے توں/میرے کولوں
1024:ਮੇਰੇ ਤੋਂ/ਮੇਰੇ ਕੋਲੋਂ
1194:Rajasthani language
796:
1232:Languages of India
1160:Languages of India
794:
763:, it is spoken in
717:Fatehabad district
203:
16:Dialect of Punjabi
1792:
1791:
1764:
1763:
1599:Punjabi varieties
1461:978-1-4144-4893-0
1139:
1138:
880:Standard Punjabi
855:
854:
800:Standard Punjabi
669:Ludhiana district
580:
579:
176:
175:
1822:
1805:Punjabi dialects
1650:
1649:
1613:Standard Punjabi
1592:
1585:
1578:
1569:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1497:
1491:
1490:
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1440:
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1407:
1401:
1400:
1388:
1382:
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1363:
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1356:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1227:
1210:
1203:
1197:
1186:
1155:Punjabi dialects
1038:By you/from you
948:اوہ آئی جاندَے۔
874:
864:
860:
797:
793:
785:Punjabi language
697:kaithal district
593:, spoken in the
591:Punjabi language
572:
565:
558:
543:
297:Mexican American
178:
177:
169:
145:
71:
37:
26:
25:
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1829:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1760:
1737:
1733:Pahari-Pothwari
1725:Pahari-Pothwari
1719:
1686:
1645:
1637:
1601:
1596:
1566:
1565:
1554:
1537:
1533:
1514:
1498:
1494:
1478:
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1462:
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1447:
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1408:
1404:
1389:
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1364:
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1353:
1339:
1335:
1328:
1314:
1310:
1299:
1285:
1281:
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1256:
1252:
1242:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1213:
1204:
1200:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1151:
931:میں آئی جاناں۔
922:ਮੈਂ ਆ ਰਿਹਾ ਹਾਂ
869:
803:Malwai Dialect
781:
779:Characteristics
757:
733:
677:
617:
612:
607:
587:eastern dialect
576:
544:
534:
533:
418:
410:
409:
341:
331:
330:
260:
250:
249:
213:
165:
152:
146:
141:
135:
128:
121:
102:Eastern Punjabi
72:
69:Language family
67:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1828:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1790:
1789:
1778:Baahar di boli
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1694:
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1687:
1685:
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1669:
1664:
1658:
1656:
1654:Jatki language
1647:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1595:
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1587:
1580:
1572:
1564:
1563:
1552:
1540:Munday, Jeremy
1531:
1512:
1492:
1460:
1441:
1422:
1402:
1383:
1376:
1358:
1351:
1333:
1326:
1308:
1297:
1279:
1268:
1250:
1240:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1207:Pwadhi dialect
1198:
1190:Bagri language
1180:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1150:
1147:
1137:
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1120:
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1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1021:By me/from me
1018:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1001:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
984:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
967:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
950:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
936:He is coming.
933:
932:
929:
928:ਮੈਂ ਆਈ ਜਾਨਾਂ।
926:
923:
920:
916:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
902:He will come.
899:
898:
895:
892:
889:
885:
884:
881:
878:
867:
853:
852:
849:
845:
844:
841:
837:
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829:
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821:
820:
817:
813:
812:
809:
805:
804:
801:
780:
777:
756:
753:
737:Sri Ganganagar
732:
729:
693:Sirsa district
676:
673:
659:districts and
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
578:
577:
575:
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332:
329:
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283:
282:
280:United Kingdom
271:
270:
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160:Language codes
157:
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143:Writing system
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113:
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110:
109:
75:
73:
66:
63:
62:
60:Malwa (Punjab)
57:
53:
52:
43:
42:Native to
39:
38:
31:
30:
21:Malvi language
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1827:
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1608:
1604:
1600:
1593:
1588:
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1579:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1560:
1555:
1553:9781135198190
1549:
1545:
1541:
1535:
1528:
1523:
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1515:
1513:0-89389-109-6
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1482:
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1471:
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1463:
1457:
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1433:
1429:
1425:
1423:81-7629-702-X
1419:
1415:
1414:
1406:
1399:
1394:
1387:
1379:
1377:9781139465502
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1362:
1354:
1352:9780520255609
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1337:
1329:
1327:9780195139778
1323:
1319:
1312:
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1300:
1298:9781136451089
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1290:
1283:
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1269:9781136894602
1265:
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1243:
1241:9788123729367
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1185:
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1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1146:
1144:
1143:Majhi dialect
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1097:
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981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
968:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
951:
947:
945:ਉਹ ਆਈ ਜਾਂਦੈ।
944:
942:اوہ آ رہا اے
941:
939:ਉਹ ਆ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ
938:
935:
934:
930:
927:
925:میں آ رہا آں
924:
921:
919:I am coming.
918:
917:
913:
910:
907:
904:
901:
900:
896:
893:
890:
887:
886:
875:
872:
866:
850:
847:
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842:
839:
838:
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830:
826:
823:
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818:
815:
814:
810:
807:
806:
802:
799:
798:
792:
790:
786:
776:
774:
773:Indian Punjab
770:
766:
762:
752:
750:
746:
743:districts of
742:
738:
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546:Punjab portal
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434:
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406:
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394:Folk religion
391:
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92:Northwestern
82:Indo-Iranian
1786:Khalsa bole
741:Hanumangarh
715:tehsils of
691:tehsils of
482:Sindh Sagar
321:New Zealand
268:Afghanistan
245:Nationalism
133:Old Punjabi
1799:Categories
1217:References
996:ਥੋਡਾ/ਸੋਡਾ
908:اوہ آویگا
897:Shahmukhi
891:Shahmukhi
597:region of
405:Television
375:Literature
127:Early form
87:Indo-Aryan
1771:See also:
1646:(Western)
1481:cite book
1470:388481759
1275:Present).
1123:Dew drop
1095:یار/مِتر
1050:تُہاتھوں
914:اوہ آؤگا
905:ਉਹ ਆਵੇਗਾ
894:Gurmukhi
888:Gurmukhi
745:Rajasthan
731:Rajasthan
685:Kalanwali
621:Ferozepur
463:Bhattiana
361:Festivals
316:Australia
167:ISO 639-3
154:Shahmukhi
1782:Derawali
1700:Awankari
1682:Shahpuri
1542:(2009).
1522:21934816
1432:62536488
1149:See also
911:ਉਹ ਆਊਗਾ
877:English
761:Pakistan
755:Pakistan
641:Bathinda
629:Faridkot
458:Bhatiore
390:Religion
369:Pakistan
346:Clothing
326:Malaysia
258:Diaspora
240:Punjabis
228:Dialects
223:Language
218:Folklore
191:Punjabis
183:a series
181:Part of
150:Gurmukhī
50:Pakistan
1743:Saraiki
1705:Chhachi
1677:Lubanki
1672:Jhangvi
1606:Eastern
1126:ਤ੍ਰੇਲ਼
1112:مُوتَر
1089:Friend
1033:میتھوں
999:تُہاڈا
993:تَہاڈا
990:ਤੁਹਾਡਾ
973:ਪੁੱਟਣਾ
956:ਚੁੱਕਣਾ
883:Malwai
851:pīūŋge
848:pīvoge
840:pīvegī
832:pīvegā
721:Haryana
701:Haryana
681:Dabwali
675:Haryana
661:Jagraon
653:Barnala
649:Patiala
645:Sangrur
633:Muktsar
625:Fazilka
589:of the
468:Chhachh
453:Derajat
448:Pothwar
417:Regions
351:Cuisine
339:Culture
310:Oceania
211:History
97:Punjabi
34:ਮਲਵਈ •
1751:Riasti
1715:Kohati
1692:Hindko
1643:Lahnda
1633:Puadhi
1628:Malwai
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1106:Urine
1092:ਮਿੱਤਰ
1075:ਪੁੱਤਰ
1061:اُوٹھ
1055:Camel
1047:ਥੋਤੋਂ
1030:ਮੈਥੋਂ
982:پَٹنا
979:ਪੱਟਣਾ
976:پُٹنا
965:چَکنا
962:ਚੱਕਣਾ
959:چُکنا
843:pīūgī
835:pīūgā
827:āūŋge
824:āvoge
816:āvegī
808:āvegā
769:Punjab
765:Vehari
709:Jakhal
707:; the
665:Raikot
615:Punjab
599:Punjab
585:is an
583:Malwai
528:Jungle
524:Gondal
512:Kirana
508:Sandal
490:Rachna
473:Kachhi
304:Canada
274:Europe
235:Punjab
107:Malwai
56:Region
29:Malwai
1756:Thali
1710:Ghebi
1662:Dhani
1623:Majhi
1618:Doabi
1437:west.
1176:Notes
1132:ਤੇਲ਼
1129:تریل
1118:مُوت
1109:ਮੂਤਰ
1101:بیلی
1098:ਮਿੱਤ
1081:ਪੁੱਤ
1078:پُتر
1067:اُٹھ
1064:ਬੋਤਾ
1016:آودا
1013:ਆਵਦਾ
1010:اپنا
1007:ਆਪਣਾ
987:Your
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811:āūgā
749:India
725:India
713:Ratia
705:India
689:Rania
657:Mansa
610:India
595:Malwa
520:Ganji
516:Neeli
478:Doabs
443:Bagar
438:Puadh
433:Doaba
428:Malwa
423:Majha
400:Sport
385:Music
380:Media
365:India
356:Dance
46:India
36:ملوئی
1667:Inku
1548:ISBN
1518:OCLC
1508:ISBN
1487:link
1466:OCLC
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