690:
1601:
1617:
3510:
1577:
1637:
937:
2490:
3756:
native
Persian-speakers – whether from Iran, Khurasan or Central Asia – and ethnic Turks. Nizam al-Din Auliya (d. 1325), Delhi's renowned Sufi shaikh, characterized Turks as rude, bellicose and vain, reflecting a view, prevalent among many native Persians of the day, that Turks were uncultured boors who had illegitimately monopolized power and privilege. Such animosities were amplified by the asymmetrical power relations between ethnic Turks and Persians, often depicted in the literature as 'men of the sword' and 'men of the pen' respectively.
85:
414:
1394:
61:
1406:
955:
859:
402:
1600:
1325:
and reigned from 1242 to 1246. He was effectively a puppet for the
Chihalgani and did not actually have much power or influence in the government. Instead, he became infamous for his fondness of entertainment and wine. By 1246, the chiefs had become upset with Ala-ud-din Masud's increasing hunger for
1352:
and reigned from 1266 to 1287. Balban ruled with an iron fist and broke up the
Chihalgani group of noblemen. He tried to establish peace and order in India and built many outposts with garrisons of soldiers in areas where there had been disorder. Balban wanted to make sure everyone was loyal to the
3755:
The ethnicity of
Turkish slaves, the earliest generation of whom dated to the Ghurid invasions of India, survived well into the thirteenth century. For a time, even Persian-speaking secretaries had to master Turkish in order to function. There persisted, more-over, deep cultural tensions between
3575:
flag, as well as various banners with figures of the new moon, a dragon or a lion. "Large banners were carried with the army. In the beginning the sultans had only two colours : on the right were black flags, of
Abbasid colour; and on the left they carried their own colour, red, which was
929:
and reigned from 1240 to 15 May 1242. During his reign, the
Chihalgani became disorderly and constantly bickered among each other. It was during this period of unrest that the Mongols invaded the Punjab and sacked Lahore. Muiz-ud-din Bahram was too weak to take any action against them, and the
665:
At least until the end of the 13th century when they ruled the Mamluk
Sultanate in India, the Ghurid Turks maintained their ethnical characteristics, continuing to use Turkish as their main language, rather than Persian, and persisting in their rude and bellicose ways as "men of the sword", in
886:, for all practical purposes was running the government. He abandoned himself to the pursuit of personal pleasure and debauchery, to the considerable outrage of the citizenry. On 9 November 1236, both Rukn-ud-din Feroze and his mother Shah Turkan were assassinated by the Chihalgani.
3824:
they actually belonged to three distinct ruling houses-the Qutbi dynasty (1206-11) founded by
Qutubuddin Aibek, the first ilbari or shamsi dynasty (1211-66), known after Shamsuddin Iltutmish, and the second Ilbari dynasty (1266-90), founded by Ghiasuddin
1576:
3514:
807:
and reigned from 1211 to 1236. He shifted the capital from Lahore to Delhi and trebled the exchequer. He defeated Nasir-ud-Din
Qabacha of Multan and Tajuddin Yildoz of Ghazni, who had declared themselves contenders of Delhi. The
897:
and reigned from 1236 to 1240. As the first female Muslim ruler in India, she initially managed to impress the nobles and administratively handled the
Sultanate well. However, she began associating with the African
1616:
1337:
and reigned from 1246 to 1266. As a ruler, Mahmud was known to be very religious, spending most of his time in prayer and was renowned for aiding the poor and the distressed. It was his Deputy Sultan,
689:
3454:
902:, provoking racial antagonism amongst the nobles and clergy, who were primarily Central Asian Turkic and already resented the rule of a female monarch. She was defeated by the powerful nobleman
646:. Following the death of Iltutmish in 1236 a series of weak rulers remained in power and a number of the noblemen gained autonomy over the provinces of the Sultanate. Power shifted hands from
557:. The phenomenon started in the 9th century and gradually the Mamluks became a powerful military class in various Muslim societies. Mamluks held political and military power most notably in
3556:...helps identify another curious flag found in northern India – a brown or originally silver flag with a vertical black line – as the flag of the Delhi Sultanate (602-962/1206-1555).
1368:
and reigned from 1287 to 1290. Being still young at the time, he ignored all state affairs. After four years, he suffered a paralytic stroke and was later murdered in 1290 by a
1353:
crown, so he established an efficient espionage system. He also fought against the Mongols and repelled many invasions by them. He lost his favourite son Prince Muhammad in the
3447:
4220:
351:
326:
312:
298:
284:
270:
3440:
910:, however, usurped the throne with the help of the Chihalgani and defeated the combined forces of the Sultana and her husband. The couple fled and reached
4215:
3576:
derived from Ghor. Qutb-u'd-din Aibak's standards bore the figures of the new moon, a dragon or a lion; Firuz Shah's flags also displayed a dragon." in
1636:
4240:
936:
1308:
495:, from 1206 to 1290 — the Qutbi dynasty (1206–1211), the first Ilbari or Shamsi dynasty (1211–1266) and the second Ilbari dynasty (1266–1290).
2489:
4235:
1535:
84:
3817:
2462:
2119:
1327:
17:
3708:
4225:
827:
in 1221. After Genghis Khan's death, Iltutmish consolidated his hold on northern India by retaking many of the lost territories.
3606:, also "On the right of the Sultan was carried the black standard of the Abbasids and on the left the red standard of Ghor." in
796:, to replace Aram. Iltutmish defeated Aram in the plain of Jud near Delhi in 1211. It is not quite certain what became of Aram.
1372:
chief. His three-year-old son Kayumars nominally succeeded him, but the Slave dynasty had ended with the rise of the Khaljis.
4087:
4058:
4001:
3971:
3860:
3800:
3748:
3692:
3619:
3599:
1610:
columns at Quwwat ul-Islam Mosque, Qutb complex, Delhi. These are recycled Hindu temple pillars displaying Hindu iconography.
4119:
4230:
3473:
584:, was assassinated. Since he had no male heirs, his empire split into minor sultanates led by his former Mamluk generals.
4200:
4143:
4110:
3896:
3509:
2325:
2315:
4185:
4122:
3131:
4210:
4028:
3646:
2372:
2295:
1583:
1460:
60:
3200:
3193:
2455:
2362:
832:
593:
1566:
3579:
619:
Aibak rose to power when his Ghurid overlord Muhammad of Ghor was assassinated. However, his reign as the
4018:
3636:
1504:
3987:
4205:
1870:
1207:
1124:
674:
275:
4190:
3395:
3041:
3020:
2448:
2305:
836:
643:
331:
3049:
1513:
816:
753:
in Lahore; his horse fell and he was impaled on the pommel of his saddle. He was buried near the
694:
3888:
3211:
3012:
2243:
2206:
1954:
1253:
1067:
789:
742:
4133:
737:
his capital, he consolidated his control over North India through an administrative hold over
4048:
3991:
3961:
3850:
3738:
3682:
3609:
3589:
2925:
1891:
1240:
882:
and reigned from April 1236 to November 1236. He ruled for only seven months and his mother,
658:
rose to the throne and successfully repelled both external threats to the Sultanate from the
2699:
2255:
2139:
2129:
1974:
1623:
1361:
1354:
1345:
1338:
962:
718:
678:
655:
601:
201:
839:, was finally incorporated into the Delhi Sultanate in 1227. In 1230, Iltutmish built the
8:
3179:
2789:
2176:
2149:
1997:
1153:
820:
515:
511:
437:
in 1220, an example of the Mamluk dynasty's works. It is somewhat similar to the earlier
4099:
3881:
3712:
3547:
3296:
3167:
2265:
2099:
1911:
1821:
1418:
1289:
1198:
1091:
922:
907:
899:
492:
4139:
4106:
4083:
4054:
4024:
3997:
3967:
3892:
3856:
3796:
3744:
3688:
3642:
3615:
3595:
3568:
3551:
3155:
2921:
2852:
2079:
2049:
1783:
1591:
1468:
1442:
1189:
1171:
1102:
875:
749:. In 1210, he died due to injuries received from an accident while playing a game of
710:
647:
635:
609:
531:
506:
administrator lasted from 1192 to 1206, a period during which he led forays into the
499:
476:
430:
189:
1910:
Iltutmish's descendents ruled until 1266, when Mahmud I's father-in-law and vizier,
4195:
3539:
3273:
3143:
2966:
2869:
2780:
2771:
2762:
2735:
2690:
2681:
2664:
2409:
2196:
2109:
1562:
1318:
1218:
1180:
1135:
1113:
1080:
659:
577:
303:
140:
133:
31:
3993:
Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206–1526) – Part One
3663:
3543:
3468:
3360:
3332:
3030:
2843:
2834:
2816:
2753:
2726:
2717:
2234:
2186:
2025:
1658:
1524:
1475:
1262:
1162:
930:
Chihalgani besieged him in the White Fort of Delhi and put him to death in 1242.
754:
726:
620:
4078:
Anzalone, Christopher (2008). "Delhi Sultanate". In Ackermann, M. E. etc (ed.).
914:, where their remaining forces abandoned them. They both fell into the hands of
413:
3572:
3353:
2952:
2942:
2825:
2807:
2798:
2744:
2708:
2502:
2478:
2343:
2167:
1369:
1280:
1056:
1047:
1009:
741:. He also initiated the construction of Delhi's earliest Muslim monuments, the
670:
585:
535:
519:
507:
503:
438:
344:
289:
634:
The Sultanate under Iltutmish established cordial diplomatic contact with the
4179:
3499:
3420:
3409:
3259:
3002:
2601:
2419:
2285:
2089:
1492:
1393:
1298:
1271:
1229:
903:
890:
840:
651:
638:
between 1228–29 and had managed to keep India unaffected by the invasions of
581:
542:
480:
69:
3668:
3383:
3095:
3062:
2991:
2556:
2429:
2400:
2275:
2216:
1644:
1587:
1544:
1464:
1446:
1000:
848:
824:
813:
639:
546:
317:
3709:"Arabic and Persian Epigraphical Studies – Archaeological Survey of India"
3034:
2520:
1549:
883:
867:
442:
153:
717:
and reigned from 1206 to 1210. He temporarily quelled the rebellions of
3664:
The Oxford History of India: From the Earliest Times to the End of 1911
3478:
3371:
3320:
3247:
3107:
2352:
1528:
1438:
1405:
1020:
915:
746:
426:
381:
3119:
3591:
Reverence, Resistance and Politics of Seeing the Indian National Flag
3235:
3083:
2907:
2883:
2655:
2565:
2382:
2069:
2059:
1699:
1666:
1662:
1520:
1422:
1333:
The eighth Sultan was Nasiruddin Mahmud, who had the titular name of
863:
800:
761:
702:
662:
invasions and internal threats from the rebellious sultanate nobles.
628:
624:
434:
163:
4161:
3641:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 147, map XIV.3 (h).
3527:
768:
and reigned from 1210 to 1211. An elite group of forty nobles named
510:
and established control over some of the new areas. The last ruler,
3830:
3308:
2977:
2879:
2592:
2529:
1607:
1539:
1509:
1450:
954:
858:
844:
376:
2897:
401:
3284:
3071:
2646:
2610:
2574:
2547:
2538:
2511:
1808:
1496:
1144:
911:
809:
550:
488:
109:
2637:
2628:
2619:
1930:
1630:
was started in 1192 and completed in 1199 by Qutb al-Din Aibak.
1479:
1029:
828:
793:
734:
730:
722:
714:
698:
605:
597:
589:
562:
538:
484:
170:
101:
4042:
4040:
3567:
Note: other sources describe the use of two flags: the black
3223:
2911:
2893:
2583:
1795:
1627:
1454:
852:
738:
613:
570:
558:
554:
371:
117:
4037:
3584:. Kashmiri Bazar Lahore: SH. MUHAMMAD ASHRAF. p. 143.
1038:
942:
750:
681:, the grandson of Balban, and assumed the throne at Delhi.
566:
4023:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 37, 147.
3874:
3872:
67:
Flag of the Delhi Sultanate according to the contemporary
3515:
the depiction of the Delhi Sultanate in the Catalan Atlas
3869:
3497:
Grey flag with black vertical stripe according to the
623:
was short-lived as he died in 1210 and his successor
553:
were soldiers of slave origins who had converted to
616:, and that was the beginning of the slave dynasty.
4221:States and territories disestablished in the 1290s
4098:
3880:
1527:(r. 1211–1236 AD), built 1235 CE, and part of the
1380:The architectural legacy of the dynasty includes:
831:, which had been held by the Turko-Afghan general
3777:
3775:
3773:
3611:The Dhvaja, Standards and Flags of India: A Study
2493:Court of Seljuk ruler Tughril III, circa 1200 CE.
701:(AH 614–616 AD 1217–1220). Struck in the name of
89:Territory of the Delhi Mamluk Dynasty circa 1250.
4177:
4131:
4082:. Vol. 2. Facts on File. pp. 100–101.
3836:
1431:
677:overthrew the last of the Slave dynasty rulers,
498:Before the establishment of the Mamluk dynasty,
27:Dynasty that ruled northern India (c. 1206–1290)
3819:Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India
918:and were robbed and killed on 14 October 1240.
627:rose to the throne, only to be assassinated by
3986:
3917:
3910:
3908:
3878:
3770:
3532:Beiträge zur islamischen Kunst und Archäologie
1495:reservoir to the south of Qutb Minar, and the
3879:Nafziger, George F.; Walton, Mark W. (2003).
3815:
3761:
3448:
2456:
812:encroached into India in pursuit of the last
4016:
3634:
3581:The Administration of the Sultanate of Delhi
1445:, founder of the dynasty, in 1192 AD in the
1326:more power and replaced him with his cousin
666:opposition to the Persian "men of the pen".
3905:
3614:. B.R. Publishing Corporation. p. 94.
1485:
906:whom she agreed to marry. Her half-brother
851:, which was the first Islamic mausoleum in
773:
709:The first Sultan of the Mamluk dynasty was
456:
4216:States and territories established in 1206
4159:
3996:. Har-Anand Publications. pp. 43–44.
3594:. Cambridge University Press. p. 36.
3455:
3441:
2463:
2449:
1341:, who primarily dealt with state affairs.
788:) conspired against Aram Shah and invited
83:
3701:
3607:
1330:, who was another grandson of Iltutmish.
4077:
3955:
3953:
3951:
3949:
3655:
857:
688:
483:used to refer to the three dynasties of
433:in 1199 and completed by his son-in-law
4241:13th-century disestablishments in India
3947:
3945:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3577:
1642:Decoration inside the Marble Mehrab at
1499:(school) around it, built by Iltutmish.
30:For the Mamluk sultanate of Egypt, see
14:
4178:
3963:India in the Persianate Age: 1000–1765
3852:India in the Persianate Age: 1000–1765
3740:India in the Persianate Age: 1000–1765
3732:
3730:
3684:India in the Persianate Age: 1000–1765
1296:
1287:
1278:
1269:
1260:
1251:
1238:
1227:
1216:
1205:
1151:
1142:
1122:
1111:
518:, a nobleman who then established the
4096:
4046:
3959:
3848:
3793:A Textbook of Medieval Indian History
3736:
3680:
3525:
1995:
1972:
1953:
1928:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1868:
1866:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1838:
1836:
1819:
1817:
1806:
1804:
1793:
1791:
1782:
1780:
1714:
1712:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1196:
1187:
1178:
1169:
1133:
1100:
1089:
1045:
1036:
1027:
1007:
998:
989:
980:
4236:13th-century establishments in India
4163:The History of India, 1000–1707 A.D.
3926:
3842:
3784:
3671:, Chapter 2, Oxford University Press
3474:Indian campaigns of Muhammad of Ghor
1594:to mark his victory over the Rajputs
1471:to mark his victory over the Rajputs
1312:South Asian polities, circa 1250 CE.
1160:
1054:
1018:
971:
960:
951:
940:
3790:
3727:
3587:
1078:
1065:
24:
4153:
3960:Eaton, Richard M. (25 July 2019).
3849:Eaton, Richard M. (25 July 2019).
3737:Eaton, Richard M. (25 July 2019).
3681:Eaton, Richard M. (25 July 2019).
3578:Qurashi, Ishtiyaq Hussian (1942).
2488:
1586:("Might of Islam") mosque, at the
1474:The tomb of Qutb ud-Din Aybak, in
1463:("Might of Islam") mosque, at the
799:The third Sultan was Shams-ud-din
25:
4252:
4171:
4053:. Orient Blackswan. p. 12.
4020:A Historical atlas of South Asia
4017:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978).
3795:. Primus Books. pp. 72–80.
3638:A Historical atlas of South Asia
3635:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978).
3508:
2326:Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Tughluq
2316:Nasir-ud-din Nusrat Shah Tughluq
1635:
1615:
1606:Intricate stone carvings on the
1599:
1590:in Delhi, started in 1193 CE by
1575:
1467:in Delhi, started in 1193 CE by
1404:
1392:
953:
935:
412:
400:
349:
324:
310:
296:
282:
268:
59:
4123:The Imperial Gazetteer of India
4010:
3980:
3809:
1556:
1531:Complex in Mehrauli, New Delhi.
1375:
1360:The tenth and final Sultan was
491:in India and subsequently, the
4226:1290 disestablishments in Asia
3966:. Penguin UK. pp. 45–57.
3887:. Praeger Publishers. p.
3855:. Penguin UK. pp. 39–45.
3743:. Penguin UK. pp. 48–49.
3687:. Penguin UK. pp. 48–49.
3674:
3628:
3608:Thapliyal, Uma Prasad (1938).
3561:
3519:
3491:
2296:Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III
1652:
1364:, who had the titular name of
1348:, who had the titular name of
1321:, who had the titular name of
925:, who had the titular name of
893:, who had the titular name of
878:, who had the titular name of
803:, who had the titular name of
764:, who had the titular name of
713:, who had the titular name of
530:Mamluk dynasty was founded by
13:
1:
4135:The Early Rulers of Khajurāho
4080:Encyclopedia of World History
4047:Smith, Ronald Vivian (2005).
3588:Jha, Sadan (8 January 2016).
3504:
3484:
2479:History of the Turkic peoples
1432:Qutb ud-Din Aibak (1150–1210)
1362:Muiz-ud-din Muhammad Qaiqabad
895:Jalâlat-ud-dîn Raziyâ Sultana
594:Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji
514:, an infant, was murdered by
74:
3711:. Asi.nic.in. Archived from
1567:Mehrauli Archaeological Park
7:
4231:1206 establishments in Asia
4050:The Delhi that No-one Knows
3285:Cuman–Kipchak Confederation
3132:Kimek–Kipchak Confederation
2016:
1661:was succeeded by a certain
10:
4257:
4160:Srivastava, A. L. (1967).
4071:
3544:10.29091/9783954909537/009
2892:Chief gods and goddesses:
1675:Descendents of Iltutumish
1665:, who was then deposed by
835:and his successors of the
819:, who was defeated at the
684:
525:
29:
4201:Muslim dynasties of India
4132:Sisirkumar Mitra (1977).
3313:11th century–13th century
1989:
1987:
1966:
1964:
1947:
1945:
1860:
1858:
1842:
1840:
1774:
1772:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1744:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1419:Gandhak Ki Baoli stepwell
675:Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji
365:
276:Chahamanas of Shakambhari
247:
243:
233:
223:
219:
211:
207:
195:
183:
179:
169:
159:
149:
129:
94:
82:
56:
51:
41:
4101:A Brief History of India
3396:Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)
3042:Eastern Turkic Khaganate
3021:Western Turkic Khaganate
2967:Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate
2306:Ala ud-din Sikandar Shah
1534:The Mausoleum of Prince
1486:Iltutmish (r. 1211–1236)
1335:Nasir-ud-din Feroze Shah
837:Khalji dynasty of Bengal
332:Khalji dynasty of Bengal
18:Mamluk Sultanate (Delhi)
4138:. Motilal Banarsidass.
3883:Islam at War: A History
3791:Sen, Sailendra (2013).
3050:Second Turkic Khaganate
1514:Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki
1317:The seventh Sultan was
847:, and in 1231 he built
817:Jalal-ud-din Mangabarni
4186:Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)
3212:Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom
3013:First Turkic Khaganate
2494:
2244:Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq
2207:Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah
1920:Descendents of Balban
1669:, Aibak's son in law.
889:The fifth Sultana was
874:The fourth Sultan was
871:
866:(r. 1211–1236) in the
805:Nasir Amir-ul-Mu'minin
790:Shams-ud-din Iltutmish
760:The second Sultan was
743:Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque
706:
703:Shams al-Din Iltutmish
419:Base with inscriptions
235:• Disestablished
4211:13th century in India
4097:Walsh, J. E. (2006).
3837:Sisirkumar Mitra 1977
3528:"On the Timurid flag"
3321:Atabegs of Azerbaijan
2953:Yenisei Kyrgyz People
2492:
1357:against the Mongols.
1346:Ghiyath-ud-din Balban
1344:The ninth Sultan was
1339:Ghiyath-ud-din Balban
921:The sixth Sultan was
861:
692:
673:came into being when
612:became the sultan of
604:became the sultan of
541:slave-general of the
487:origin who ruled the
130:Common languages
3715:on 29 September 2011
3526:Kadoi, Yuka (2010).
2256:Muhammad bin Tughluq
2140:Muiz ud din Qaiqabad
2130:Ghiyas ud din Balban
1914:usurped the throne.
1787:(heir apparent, died
1624:Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra
1512:for the Sufi saint,
1355:Battle of Beas River
1309:class=notpageimage|
719:Nasir-ud-Din Qabacha
695:Ghiyath al-Din 'Iwad
679:Muiz ud din Qaiqabad
656:Ghiyas ud din Balban
602:Nasir-ud-Din Qabacha
588:became the ruler of
202:Muiz ud din Qaiqabad
4166:Shiva Lal Agarwala.
3839:, pp. 123–126.
3816:Jaswant Lal Mehta.
3201:Eastern Kara-Khanid
3194:Western Kara-Khanid
3180:Kara-Khanid Khanate
2150:Shamsuddin Kayumars
1536:Nasiru'd-Din Mahmud
821:Battle of the Indus
792:, then Governor of
516:Jalal-ud-Din Khalji
512:Shamsuddin Kayumars
225:• Established
3571:flag, and the red
3297:Khwarazmian Empire
3168:Karluk Yabgu State
2906:Epics and heroes:
2495:
2266:Firuz Shah Tughlaq
2100:Muiz ud din Bahram
1958:(Sultan of Bengal)
1912:Ghiyasuddin Balban
1789:before his father)
923:Muiz-ud-din Bahram
908:Muiz-ud-din Bahram
900:Jamal-ud-Din Yaqut
876:Rukn-ud-din Feroze
872:
707:
705:, Sultan of Dehli.
561:, but also in the
493:Sultanate of Delhi
489:Ghurid territories
4105:. Facts on File.
4089:978-0-8160-6386-4
4060:978-81-8028-020-7
4003:978-81-241-1064-5
3973:978-0-14-196655-7
3862:978-0-14-196655-7
3802:978-9-38060-734-4
3750:978-0-14-196655-7
3694:978-0-14-196655-7
3661:Vincent A Smith,
3621:978-81-7018-092-0
3601:978-1-107-11887-4
3479:Persianate states
3465:
3464:
3430:
3429:
3426:
3401:
3389:
3377:
3372:Qarlughid Kingdom
3338:
3326:
3314:
3302:
3290:
3265:
3253:
3241:
3236:Pecheneg Khanates
3229:
3217:
3185:
3173:
3161:
3156:Oghuz Yabgu State
3149:
3137:
3125:
3120:Türgesh Khaganate
3113:
3101:
3089:
3077:
3054:
3046:
3025:
3017:
2983:
2958:
2933:
2932:
2860:
2859:
2672:
2671:
2483:
2473:
2472:
2438:
2437:
2391:
2390:
2334:
2333:
2225:
2224:
2158:
2157:
2120:Nasiruddin Mahmud
2080:Rukn ud din Firuz
2050:Qutb al-Din Aibak
2014:
2013:
2010:
2009:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1784:Nasiruddin Mahmud
1657:The first Sultan
1592:Qutb-ud-din-Aibak
1469:Qutb-ud-din-Aibak
1443:Qutb ud-Din Aibak
1411:Filled with water
1328:Nasiruddin Mahmud
711:Qutb ud-Din Aibak
648:Rukn ud din Firuz
636:Abbasid Caliphate
610:Qutb ud-Din Aibak
586:Taj-ud-Din Yildoz
532:Qutb ud-Din Aibak
500:Qutb al-Din Aibak
477:historiographical
431:Qutb al-Din Aibak
389:
388:
361:
360:
357:
356:
337:
336:
197:• 1287–1290
190:Qutb ud-Din Aibak
185:• 1206–1210
145:
138:
122:
114:
106:
16:(Redirected from
4248:
4206:History of Delhi
4167:
4149:
4116:
4104:
4093:
4065:
4064:
4044:
4035:
4034:
4014:
4008:
4007:
3984:
3978:
3977:
3957:
3924:
3923:Anzalone, p. 101
3921:
3915:
3912:
3903:
3902:
3886:
3876:
3867:
3866:
3846:
3840:
3834:
3828:
3827:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3788:
3782:
3781:Anzalone, p. 100
3779:
3768:
3767:Walsh, pp. 68-70
3765:
3759:
3758:
3734:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3678:
3672:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3632:
3626:
3625:
3605:
3585:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3523:
3517:
3512:
3506:
3495:
3457:
3450:
3443:
3424:
3399:
3387:
3375:
3336:
3324:
3312:
3300:
3288:
3274:Sultanate of Rum
3263:
3251:
3248:Ghaznavid Empire
3239:
3227:
3215:
3183:
3171:
3159:
3147:
3144:Uyghur Khaganate
3135:
3123:
3111:
3099:
3087:
3075:
3072:Khazar Khaganate
3052:
3044:
3023:
3015:
2981:
2956:
2948:
2947:
2943:Pre-14th century
2920:Major concepts:
2875:
2874:
2870:Turkic Mythology
2687:
2686:
2682:Turkic Languages
2665:Crimean Karaites
2602:Cherniye Klobuki
2508:
2507:
2482:pre–14th century
2481:
2475:
2474:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2410:Bahlul Khan Lodi
2406:
2405:
2349:
2348:
2250:
2240:
2239:
2197:Shihabuddin Omar
2173:
2172:
2110:Ala ud din Masud
2046:
2045:
2033:Ruling dynasties
2021:
2020:
1939:
1926:
1925:
1917:
1916:
1830:
1681:
1680:
1672:
1671:
1639:
1619:
1603:
1579:
1538:, eldest son of
1505:Gandhak ki Baoli
1408:
1396:
1386:Gandhak ki Baoli
1319:Ala-ud-din Masud
1303:
1301:
1294:
1292:
1285:
1283:
1276:
1274:
1267:
1265:
1258:
1256:
1249:
1247:
1236:
1234:
1225:
1223:
1214:
1212:
1203:
1201:
1194:
1192:
1185:
1183:
1176:
1174:
1167:
1165:
1158:
1156:
1149:
1147:
1140:
1138:
1131:
1129:
1120:
1118:
1109:
1107:
1098:
1096:
1087:
1085:
1076:
1074:
1063:
1061:
1052:
1050:
1043:
1041:
1034:
1032:
1025:
1023:
1016:
1014:
1005:
1003:
996:
994:
987:
985:
978:
976:
969:
967:
958:
957:
949:
947:
939:
833:Bakhtiyar Khilji
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
660:Chagatai Khanate
580:, Sultan of the
578:Muhammad of Ghor
473:Mamluk Sultanate
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
416:
404:
353:
352:
341:
340:
328:
327:
314:
313:
304:Ghurid Sultanate
300:
299:
286:
285:
272:
271:
265:
264:
249:
248:
144:(administration)
143:
136:
120:
112:
104:
87:
76:
63:
39:
38:
32:Mamluk Sultanate
21:
4256:
4255:
4251:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4246:
4245:
4191:Delhi Sultanate
4176:
4175:
4174:
4156:
4154:Further reading
4146:
4113:
4090:
4074:
4069:
4068:
4061:
4045:
4038:
4031:
4015:
4011:
4004:
3985:
3981:
3974:
3958:
3927:
3922:
3918:
3913:
3906:
3899:
3877:
3870:
3863:
3847:
3843:
3835:
3831:
3814:
3810:
3803:
3789:
3785:
3780:
3771:
3766:
3762:
3751:
3735:
3728:
3718:
3716:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3695:
3679:
3675:
3660:
3656:
3649:
3633:
3629:
3622:
3602:
3566:
3562:
3524:
3520:
3496:
3492:
3487:
3469:Tughlaq Dynasty
3461:
3432:
3431:
3361:Tughlaq dynasty
3333:Delhi Sultanate
3031:Tokhara Yabghus
2992:Tiele (Gaoche)
2957:202 BCE–13th CE
2945:
2935:
2934:
2878:Belief system:
2872:
2862:
2861:
2817:Karachay-Balkar
2684:
2674:
2673:
2505:
2469:
2440:
2439:
2403:
2393:
2392:
2346:
2336:
2335:
2248:
2237:
2235:Tughlaq dynasty
2227:
2226:
2170:
2160:
2159:
2043:
2026:Delhi Sultanate
2019:
2003:
2001:
1980:
1978:
1957:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1897:
1895:
1876:
1874:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1814:
1812:
1801:
1799:
1788:
1786:
1705:
1703:
1659:Qutbuddin Aibak
1655:
1648:
1640:
1631:
1620:
1611:
1604:
1595:
1584:Quwwat-ul-Islam
1580:
1559:
1552:, built in 1231
1525:Sultan of Delhi
1488:
1476:Anarkali Bazaar
1461:Quwwat-ul-Islam
1434:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1425:(r. 1211–1236).
1414:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1388:
1387:
1378:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1001:
999:
997:
992:
990:
988:
983:
981:
979:
974:
972:
970:
965:
963:
961:
959:
952:
950:
945:
943:
941:
785:
782:
779:
776:
755:Anarkali Bazaar
727:Tajuddin Yildoz
687:
621:Sultan of Delhi
528:
502:'s tenure as a
468:
465:
462:
459:
449:
448:
447:
446:
422:
421:
420:
417:
409:
408:
405:
396:
395:
350:
325:
311:
297:
283:
269:
236:
226:
198:
186:
139:
125:
90:
78:
65:
64:
47:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4254:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4173:
4172:External links
4170:
4169:
4168:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4150:
4144:
4129:
4120:Dynastic Chart
4117:
4111:
4094:
4088:
4073:
4070:
4067:
4066:
4059:
4036:
4029:
4009:
4002:
3988:Satish Chandra
3979:
3972:
3925:
3916:
3904:
3897:
3868:
3861:
3841:
3829:
3822:. p. 87.
3808:
3801:
3783:
3769:
3760:
3749:
3726:
3700:
3693:
3673:
3654:
3647:
3627:
3620:
3600:
3560:
3518:
3489:
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3486:
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3482:
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3452:
3445:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3427:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3413:
3403:
3402:
3391:
3390:
3379:
3378:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3357:
3354:Khalji dynasty
3350:
3347:Mamluk dynasty
3340:
3339:
3328:
3327:
3316:
3315:
3309:Kerait Khanate
3304:
3303:
3292:
3291:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3267:
3266:
3255:
3254:
3243:
3242:
3231:
3230:
3219:
3218:
3207:
3206:
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3197:
3187:
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2544:
2543:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2506:
2503:Turkic peoples
2501:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2485:
2484:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2460:
2453:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2435:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2412:
2404:
2399:
2398:
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2394:
2389:
2388:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2347:
2344:Sayyid dynasty
2342:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2331:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2238:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2179:
2171:
2168:Khalji dynasty
2166:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2044:
2041:Mamluk dynasty
2039:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2005:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1951:
1949:
1948:
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1943:
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1940:
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1383:
1382:
1377:
1374:
1307:
1306:
934:
933:
932:
697:, Governor of
686:
683:
671:Khalji dynasty
644:his successors
527:
524:
520:Khalji dynasty
508:Gangetic plain
504:Ghurid dynasty
453:Mamluk dynasty
439:Minaret of Jam
424:
423:
418:
411:
410:
406:
399:
398:
397:
393:
392:
391:
390:
387:
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384:
379:
374:
367:
363:
362:
359:
358:
355:
354:
347:
345:Khalji dynasty
338:
335:
334:
329:
321:
320:
315:
307:
306:
301:
293:
292:
290:Tomara dynasty
287:
279:
278:
273:
261:
260:
255:
245:
244:
241:
240:
237:
234:
231:
230:
227:
224:
221:
220:
217:
216:
213:
209:
208:
205:
204:
199:
196:
193:
192:
187:
184:
181:
180:
177:
176:
173:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
131:
127:
126:
124:
123:
115:
107:
98:
96:
92:
91:
88:
80:
79:
66:
58:
57:
54:
53:
49:
48:
45:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4253:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4165:
4164:
4158:
4157:
4147:
4145:9788120819979
4141:
4137:
4136:
4130:
4128:
4124:
4121:
4118:
4114:
4112:0-8160-5658-7
4108:
4103:
4102:
4095:
4091:
4085:
4081:
4076:
4075:
4062:
4056:
4052:
4051:
4043:
4041:
4032:
4026:
4022:
4021:
4013:
4005:
3999:
3995:
3994:
3989:
3983:
3975:
3969:
3965:
3964:
3956:
3954:
3952:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3930:
3920:
3911:
3909:
3900:
3898:9780275981013
3894:
3890:
3885:
3884:
3875:
3873:
3864:
3858:
3854:
3853:
3845:
3838:
3833:
3826:
3821:
3820:
3812:
3804:
3798:
3794:
3787:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3764:
3757:
3752:
3746:
3742:
3741:
3733:
3731:
3714:
3710:
3704:
3696:
3690:
3686:
3685:
3677:
3670:
3666:
3665:
3658:
3650:
3644:
3640:
3639:
3631:
3623:
3617:
3613:
3612:
3603:
3597:
3593:
3592:
3583:
3582:
3574:
3570:
3564:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3522:
3516:
3511:
3502:
3501:
3500:Catalan Atlas
3494:
3490:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3458:
3453:
3451:
3446:
3444:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3423:
3422:
3421:Ottoman State
3418:
3417:
3412:
3411:
3410:Bahri dynasty
3407:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3393:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3381:
3380:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3368:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3262:
3261:
3260:Seljuk Empire
3257:
3256:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3177:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3164:
3158:
3157:
3153:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3063:Sabiri People
3060:
3059:
3051:
3048:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3022:
3019:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3009:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2938:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2865:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2677:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2498:
2491:
2487:
2486:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2466:
2461:
2459:
2454:
2452:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2421:
2420:Sikandar Lodi
2418:
2417:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2396:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2374:
2373:Muhammad Shah
2371:
2370:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2339:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2287:
2286:Abu Bakr Shah
2284:
2283:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2230:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2163:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2091:
2090:Razia Sultana
2088:
2087:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2022:
2007:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1992:
1986:
1984:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1969:
1963:
1961:
1956:
1952:
1950:
1944:
1942:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1901:
1894:
1893:
1873:
1872:
1865:
1863:
1835:
1833:
1824:
1823:
1811:
1810:
1798:
1797:
1785:
1779:
1776:
1770:
1768:
1760:
1758:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1732:
1730:
1718:
1716:
1711:
1709:
1702:
1701:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1647:
1646:
1638:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1618:
1613:
1609:
1602:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1578:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1563:Balban's tomb
1561:
1560:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1498:
1494:
1493:Hauz-i-Shamsi
1490:
1489:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1424:
1420:
1407:
1395:
1381:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1356:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1310:
1302:
1293:
1284:
1275:
1266:
1257:
1248:
1246:
1235:
1233:
1224:
1222:
1213:
1211:
1202:
1193:
1184:
1175:
1166:
1157:
1148:
1139:
1130:
1128:
1119:
1117:
1108:
1106:
1097:
1095:
1086:
1075:
1073:
1062:
1060:
1051:
1042:
1033:
1024:
1015:
1004:
995:
986:
977:
968:
956:
948:
938:
931:
928:
924:
919:
917:
913:
909:
905:
904:Malik Altunia
901:
896:
892:
887:
885:
881:
877:
869:
865:
860:
856:
854:
850:
846:
843:reservoir in
842:
841:Hauz-i-Shamsi
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
815:
811:
806:
802:
797:
795:
791:
771:
767:
763:
758:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
704:
700:
696:
693:Gold coin of
691:
682:
680:
676:
672:
667:
663:
661:
657:
653:
652:Razia Sultana
649:
645:
641:
637:
632:
630:
626:
622:
617:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
582:Ghurid Empire
579:
574:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
543:Ghurid Empire
540:
537:
533:
523:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
496:
494:
490:
486:
482:
481:umbrella term
478:
474:
466:Slave dynasty
454:
444:
440:
436:
432:
429:, started by
428:
415:
403:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
369:
368:
366:Today part of
364:
348:
346:
343:
342:
339:
333:
330:
323:
322:
319:
316:
309:
308:
305:
302:
295:
294:
291:
288:
281:
280:
277:
274:
267:
266:
263:
262:
259:
256:
254:
251:
250:
246:
242:
238:
232:
228:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
203:
200:
194:
191:
188:
182:
178:
174:
172:
168:
165:
162:
158:
155:
152:
148:
142:
135:
132:
128:
119:
116:
111:
108:
103:
100:
99:
97:
93:
86:
81:
72:
71:
70:Catalan Atlas
62:
55:
50:
40:
37:
33:
19:
4162:
4134:
4127:p. 368.
4126:
4100:
4079:
4049:
4019:
4012:
3992:
3982:
3962:
3919:
3914:Walsh, p. 70
3882:
3851:
3844:
3832:
3823:
3818:
3811:
3792:
3786:
3763:
3754:
3739:
3717:. Retrieved
3713:the original
3703:
3683:
3676:
3669:Google Books
3662:
3657:
3637:
3630:
3610:
3590:
3580:
3563:
3555:
3535:
3531:
3521:
3498:
3493:
3419:
3408:
3394:
3384:Golden Horde
3382:
3370:
3359:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3331:
3319:
3307:
3295:
3283:
3272:
3258:
3246:
3234:
3222:
3210:
3199:
3192:
3178:
3166:
3154:
3142:
3130:
3118:
3106:
3096:Kangar Union
3094:
3082:
3070:
3061:
3028:
3001:
2990:
2976:
2965:
2951:
2430:Ibrahim Lodi
2401:Lodi dynasty
2363:Mubarak Shah
2276:Tughluq Khan
2217:Khusrau Khan
2040:
2024:
1996:
1981:r. 1287–1290
1973:
1938:r. 1266–1287
1929:
1909:
1898:r. 1242–1246
1890:
1877:r. 1246–1266
1869:
1829:r. 1240–1242
1820:
1807:
1802:r. 1236–1240
1794:
1706:r. 1206–1210
1698:
1656:
1645:Sultan Ghari
1643:
1588:Qutb complex
1557:Other rulers
1545:Sultan Ghari
1543:
1519:The tomb of
1503:
1465:Qutb complex
1447:Qutb complex
1379:
1376:Architecture
1365:
1359:
1349:
1343:
1334:
1332:
1322:
1316:
1242:
1231:
1220:
1209:
1126:
1115:
1104:
1093:
1069:
1058:
991:
982:
973:
926:
920:
894:
891:Razia al-Din
888:
879:
873:
849:Sultan Ghari
825:Genghis Khan
814:Khwarazmshah
804:
798:
769:
765:
759:
708:
668:
664:
640:Genghis Khan
633:
618:
575:
547:Central Asia
529:
497:
472:
452:
450:
394:Qutb Minaret
318:Sena dynasty
258:Succeeded by
257:
252:
68:
36:
3719:14 November
3035:Turk Shahis
2982:71 BC–?? AD
2700:Azerbaijani
2521:Oghuz Turks
1955:Bughra Khan
1653:Family tree
1550:Vasant Kunj
1542:, known as
1441:, built by
1421:, built by
884:Shah Turkan
868:Qutub Minar
757:in Lahore.
443:Afghanistan
253:Preceded by
154:Sunni Islam
121:(1214–1290)
113:(1210–1214)
105:(1206–1210)
4180:Categories
4030:0226742210
3648:0226742210
3586:, also in
3485:References
3108:Turk Shahi
2790:Karakalpak
2353:Khizr Khan
2177:Jalaluddin
1892:Masud Shah
1626:mosque in
1529:Qutb Minar
1439:Qutb Minar
1105:CHUDASAMAS
1022:QARLUGHIDS
944:South Asia
770:Chihalgani
747:Qutb Minar
471:), or the
427:Qutb Minar
382:Bangladesh
160:Government
3552:263250872
3425:1299–1922
3400:1250–1517
3388:1242–1502
3376:1224–1266
3337:1206–1526
3325:1136–1225
3301:1077–1231
3289:1067–1239
3264:1037–1194
3084:Xueyantuo
2926:Grey wolf
2908:Ergenekon
2884:Shamanism
2656:Krymchaks
2566:Kutrigurs
2434:1517–1526
2424:1489–1517
2414:1451–1489
2387:1445–1451
2383:Alam Shah
2377:1434–1445
2367:1421–1434
2357:1414–1421
2330:1394–1413
2320:1394–1398
2300:1390–1393
2290:1389–1390
2280:1388–1389
2270:1351–1388
2260:1325–1351
2249:1320–1325
2211:1316–1320
2191:1296–1316
2181:1290–1296
2144:1287–1290
2134:1266–1287
2124:1246–1266
2114:1242–1246
2104:1240–1242
2094:1236-1240
2074:1211–1236
2070:Iltutmish
2064:1210–1211
2060:Aram Shah
2054:1206–1210
1700:Iltutmish
1667:Iltutmish
1663:Aram Shah
1565:, in the
1523:, second
1521:Iltutmish
1423:Iltutmish
1221:KAKATIYAS
1210:NAGVANSIS
1164:JAISALMER
1127:CHANDELAS
1072:SULTANATE
993:(MAMLUKS)
984:SULTANATE
864:Iltutmish
801:Iltutmish
783:the Forty
762:Aram Shah
733:. Making
631:in 1211.
629:Iltutmish
625:Aram Shah
576:In 1206,
475:, is the
435:Iltutmish
164:Sultanate
150:Religion
52:1206–1290
4125:, v. 2,
3990:(2004).
3252:963–1186
3240:860–1091
3228:856–1335
3216:848–1036
3184:840–1212
3160:750–1055
3136:743–1035
3076:618–1048
3003:Göktürks
2978:Dingling
2880:Tengrism
2853:Krymchak
2593:Kipchaks
2530:Saragurs
2187:Alauddin
2017:See also
1998:Kayumars
1975:Qaiqabad
1871:Mahmud I
1608:cloister
1540:Iltumish
1510:stepwell
1451:Mehrauli
1291:KADAMBAS
1282:HOYSALAS
1200:KARNATAS
1155:KHANGARS
1146:BUNDELAS
870:complex.
862:Tomb of
845:Mehrauli
745:and the
479:name or
377:Pakistan
4196:Mamluks
4072:Sources
3825:Balban.
3569:Abbasid
3538:: 148.
3172:756–940
3148:744–840
3124:699–766
3112:665-850
3100:659–750
3088:628–646
3053:682–744
3045:581–650
3024:581–657
3016:552–581
2781:Qasgqai
2772:Chuvash
2763:Bashkir
2736:Turkmen
2691:Turkish
2647:Dolgans
2611:Uyghurs
2575:Karluks
2548:Bulgars
2539:Utigurs
2512:Onogurs
2004:r. 1290
1815:r. 1236
1809:Firuz I
1497:madrasa
1264:PANDYAS
1255:YADAVAS
1243:EASTERN
1191:AMARKOT
1094:GUJARAT
1059:SOOMRAS
946:1250 CE
912:Kaithal
810:Mongols
777:
685:Sultans
551:Mamluks
526:History
460:
407:Minaret
212:History
141:Persian
137:(main)
110:Badayun
95:Capital
4142:
4109:
4086:
4057:
4027:
4000:
3970:
3895:
3859:
3799:
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3573:Ghurid
3550:
3507:1375:
2844:Karaim
2835:Gagauz
2754:Kyrgyz
2727:Uyghur
2718:Kazakh
2638:Yakuts
2629:Kumyks
2620:Tatars
1931:Balban
1822:Bahram
1480:Lahore
1370:Khalji
1366:Sultan
1350:Sultan
1323:Sultan
1300:CHERAS
1273:CHOLAS
1245:GANGAS
1232:CHODAS
1173:MARWAR
1084:EMPIRE
1082:MONGOL
1070:MAKRAN
1049:KUMAON
1031:MARYUL
927:Sultan
880:Sultan
829:Bengal
794:Badaun
766:Sultan
735:Lahore
731:Ghazni
723:Multan
715:Sultan
699:Bengal
654:until
606:Multan
598:Bengal
590:Ghazni
569:, and
563:Levant
539:Mamluk
536:Turkic
485:Mamluk
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171:Sultan
134:Turkic
102:Lahore
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43:Mamluk
3548:S2CID
3224:Qocho
2922:Sheka
2912:Asena
2898:Ülgen
2894:Kayra
2826:Tuvan
2808:Kumyk
2799:Sakha
2745:Tatar
2709:Uzbek
2584:Kimek
2557:Sabir
2002:(11)
1979:(10)
1796:Razia
1628:Ajmer
1548:near
1455:Delhi
1399:Empty
1182:AMBER
1137:MEWAR
1116:MALWA
975:DELHI
853:Delhi
739:Delhi
614:Delhi
571:India
559:Egypt
555:Islam
545:from
372:India
118:Delhi
46:مملوک
4140:ISBN
4107:ISBN
4084:ISBN
4055:ISBN
4025:ISBN
3998:ISBN
3968:ISBN
3893:ISBN
3857:ISBN
3797:ISBN
3745:ISBN
3721:2010
3689:ISBN
3643:ISBN
3616:ISBN
3596:ISBN
2924:and
2910:and
2896:and
2882:and
2310:1393
2221:1320
2201:1316
2154:1290
2084:1236
1935:(9)
1896:(8)
1875:(8)
1826:(6)
1813:(4)
1800:(5)
1704:(3)
1622:The
1582:The
1508:, a
1502:The
1491:The
1459:The
1437:The
1417:The
1040:GUGE
1011:LOHA
1002:AHOM
966:1285
964:Beas
916:Jats
774:lit.
751:polo
725:and
669:The
642:and
600:and
596:got
567:Iraq
534:, a
457:lit.
451:The
425:The
239:1290
229:1206
3667:at
3540:doi
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3503:of
1478:in
1449:in
1013:RAS
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729:of
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441:in
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