521:
979:
936:
170:
53:
4027:
4033:
6244:
874:
1928:
6147:
3382:
60:
1183:) with influences of a continental climate during winter with hot dry summers and cool wet and occasionally snowy winters. The average high temperature in January is 7.8 °C (46.0 °F) and the average high temperature in August is 38.1 °C (100.6 °F). The snow falls usually in January, February or December.
998:
On 12 March 2017, the
Legislative Assembly of Manbij approved the elected co-presidents who then took office. During the meeting the departments of the committee members, co-presidents and committees were determined after speeches and evaluations. 13 committees were determined. The 13 new committees
827:
built in the medieval era, have been destroyed. The sacred lake of
Atargatis has disappeared and has been converted into a football field. Only a part of the wall that enclosed the lake has survived but no ruins of Atargatis' temple remains. Some ancient Roman military stele also exist. Ruins of the
915:
Sufi order. The city's socio-political life was dominated by its main tribes. Tribal leaders served as the mediators and arbiters of major disputes in Manbij, while the state's security forces largely dealt with petty offenses. The city was relatively liberal compared to other Sunni Muslim-majority
962:
framework. While public administration including public schools has regained secular normalcy after the ISIL episode, a reconciliation committee to overcome rifts created by the civil war was formed, and international humanitarian aid has been delivered, the
799:
who visited the place in 18th century mentioned that no remains of
Atargatis' temple existed. Alexander Drummond noticed walls of a square building which he said was Atargatis' temple and also a base in the building which he identified as an altar.
994:
militias in Syria. On 26 February, the United States announced its support for the security of the Manbij
Military Council. The United States also reportedly sent special forces and several military convoys to Manbij after the announcement.
859:. In January and February 1916 the sub prefect of Manbij ordered the camp to be cleared and the Armenians to be deported to Meskene. The destruction of pre-modern Manbij has been attributed to its resettlement by Circassians and Armenians.
498:
Some three hundred priests served the shrine and there were numerous minor ministrants. The lake was the centre of sacred festivities and it was customary for votaries to swim out and decorate an altar standing in the middle of the water.
3065:
2897:
3092:
919:
During the civil war, on 20 July 2012, Manbij fell to local rebel forces who thereafter administered the city. In
December, there was an election to appoint a local council. In January 2014, forces from the
782:
Manbij's ruins are extensive but mostly belong to the later period of its history. Most of the monuments of Manbij are gone, because it is a strategically important place at a group of crossroads, unlike
711:
allies, killed the city's inhabitants and plundered the surrounding countryside. Romanos later withdrew due to a severe shortage of food and supplies. It was later captured by Seljuk Sultan
3250:
A Journey from Aleppo to
Jerusalem, at Easter, A.D. 1697: To which is Added an Account of the Author's Journey to the Banks of the Euphrates at Beer, and to the Country of Mesopotamia
5682:
5435:
576:
in 738 BC. The sanctuary of
Atargatis predates the Macedonian conquest, as it seems that the city was the center of a dynasty of Aramean priest-kings ruling at the very end of the
6094:
5919:
5904:
5894:
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2841:
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924:(ISIL) took over the city after ousting the rebels. The city has since become a hub for trading in looted artifacts and archaeological digging equipment. In June 2016, the
1150:
580:; two kings are known, 'Abyati and Abd-Hadad. The fate of Abd-Hadad is not known but the city came firmly under the Macedonian empire, and prospered under the rule of the
3041:
Syria army enters
Kurdish-held Manbij: state media: Reported troop entry into Manbij comes after Kurdish YPG asked for government help in preventing a 'Turkish invasion'.
4958:
1156:
5884:
1144:
987:
2444:
5045:
2791:
5365:
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4713:
3498:
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3295:
The
Chronicle of Ibn Al-Athir for the Crusading Period from Al-Kamil Fi'L-Ta'Rikh.: The Years 491-541/1097-1146 the Coming of the Franks and the Muslim Response
2737:
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4923:
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1641:
5879:
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in Manbij claimed by ISIL left at least 19 casualties. Among them, four U.S. military personnel were reported dead and three wounded. One of the dead was a
5135:
5095:
5035:
5025:
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4663:
3768:
3668:
2472:, By Nile and Tigris: A Narrative of Journeys in Egypt and Mesopotamia on Behalf of the British Museum Between the Years 1886-1913, Volume 1, p. 390,
2652:
7401:
6074:
5959:
5455:
4523:
3888:
3843:
3533:
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791:
who visited Mambij in 1699 noticed a rock with large busts of a male and a female with two eagles below them. Another rock had three figures sculpted in
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6009:
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4763:
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3933:
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3593:
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to capture Manbij, and by June 8 had fully encircled the city. On 12 August the SDF had established full control over Manbij after a two-month battle.
5869:
3823:
3733:
3683:
3618:
306:
174:
169:
1765:
5889:
3998:
3938:
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2003:
The
Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia: The Near East from the Early Bronze Age to the Fall of the Persian Empire
1846:
The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia: The Near East from the Early Bronze Age to the Fall of the Persian Empire
947:
issued a written statement announcing it had taken over the security of Manbij city center and villages from the SDF, of which it is a component.
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5779:
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4633:
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4678:
3978:
3973:
3903:
3808:
3623:
1947:
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3723:
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stood in front, set about with statues, and in the forecourt lived numerous sacred animals and birds (but not swine) used for sacrifice.
84:
1956:
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950:
Today Manbij is self-administered by the Manbij City Council, co-chaired by Sheikh Farouk al-Mashi and Salih Haji Mohammed, as part of
1048:. The Syrian government's media said the Syrian army had entered Manbij, a claim that was disputed by other sources the same day. The
1033:. The joint patrols were seen as part of a "roadmap" for easing tensions between militants in the region and tensions between the two
803:
Travellers in the 19th century had recorded some of its ancient remains, but now almost all of them, including Atargatis' temple, its
719:
tried to annex Manbij, after he had imprisoned its emir Hassan al-Ba'labakki, but he was hit and killed by an arrow during the siege.
6135:
6049:
5080:
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4388:
3968:
3943:
3868:
3863:
3813:
3788:
3708:
3653:
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3478:
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East and West in the Medieval Eastern Mediterranean: Antioch from the Byzantine Reconquest Until the End of the Crusader Principality
7416:
6024:
4698:
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3713:
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3528:
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1984:
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1649:
921:
314:
298:
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2535:
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1638:
1072:
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southern wall that enclosed Atargatis' temple still survive. The walls of the city still exist but have been plundered.
1766:"In the small city of Manbij in Syria, we could see US and Turkish troops shooting at each other if tensions continue"
507:
went on in the temple precinct, and there was an elaborate ritual on entering the city and first visiting the shrine.
4518:
3302:
3283:
3182:
2741:
2632:
2429:
2402:
2360:
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2306:
2279:
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2193:
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2119:
2092:
2065:
2038:
2011:
1881:
1854:
840:
4528:
3363:
2457:
A. Asa Eger. "The Islamic-Byzantine Frontier: Interaction and Exchange Among Muslim and Christian Communities"
943:
By 15 August, thousands of previously displaced citizens of Manbij were reported returning. On 19 August 2016, the
1177:
4483:
2512:"Le réseaux des camps de concentration. Axes de déportation et camps de concentration de Syrie et de Mésopotamie"
1106:
1045:
1026:
703:. At the time, Manbij was one of the most important fortresses in northern Syria. In 1068, the Byzantine emperor
616:. She continues to supply the chief type even during imperial Roman times, being generally shown seated with the
2613:
2136:
1617:
2958:
2569:
6890:
6128:
4026:
1665:
986:
Until October 2019, when US and other Western forces withdrew from northern Syria, Manbij was also a hub for
52:
5587:
4583:
1041:
743:
346:
6143:
5120:
3356:
1076:
326:
4452:
3266:
2469:
1023:
1019:
2998:
1090:, following the withdraw of US and other Western troops from northern Syria, the Syrian Arab Army and
1129:. In the sixth century, the metropolitan see had nine suffragan bishoprics. Chabot mentions thirteen
816:
376:
4032:
7406:
6121:
4893:
3423:
3378:
1080:
964:
925:
881:
302:
116:
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491:
The temple contained a holy chamber into which only priests were allowed to enter. A great bronze
7280:
6151:
5537:
5008:
4328:
4303:
2375:
1901:
1091:
1030:
944:
929:
675:
restored Manbij at the end of the 8th century, making it the capital of the frontier province of
39:
1133:
archbishops from the ninth to the twelfth century. One Latin bishop, Franco, in 1136, is known.
6940:
6431:
5814:
5759:
5667:
5652:
1939:
1589:
Source: Weather Online, Weather Base, BBC Weather and My Weather 2, retrieved 10 November 2012
1173:
589:
216:
2350:
2323:
2296:
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2213:
2109:
2055:
2028:
2001:
1972:
1871:
1844:
263:. The 2004 census gives its population as nearly 100,000. The population of Manbij is largely
6159:
5672:
5607:
5490:
3558:
3411:
2495:
2183:
1122:
126:
3066:"Americans slain in Syria attack: A Green Beret, a former SEAL and two language specialists"
1933:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
604:
of the city begins in the 4th century BC with the coins of the priest-kings followed by the
7270:
5849:
5739:
5627:
5622:
4996:
4353:
4173:
3262:
Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500
1943:
1114:
1015:
1000:
905:
276:
2511:
1821:
982:
American and Turkish soldiers conduct patrols on the outskirts of Manbij, November 1, 2018
967:
political program of Rojava is driving political and societal transformations in terms of
608:
series of the Macedonian and Seleucid monarchs. They show Atargatis either as a bust with
8:
7115:
5597:
5444:
5353:
3260:
2902:
2489:
1056:
763:
648:
640:
573:
6243:
3248:
2842:"Liberated from ISIS suppression, women of Manbij join security forces (includes Video)"
1741:"Münbiç'te terör örgütü YPG/PKK'ya isteklerini kabul ettiren halk, eylemlerini durdurdu"
935:
520:
6990:
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5632:
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5285:
5170:
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457:
395:
252:
138:
131:
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5205:
5065:
4568:
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3298:
3279:
3178:
2766:
2425:
2398:
2356:
2329:
2302:
2275:
2219:
2215:
The Annals of the Saljuq Turks: Selections from Al-Kamil Fi'l-Ta'rikh of Ibn Al-Athir
2189:
2142:
2115:
2088:
2061:
2034:
2007:
1980:
1877:
1850:
1542:
848:
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668:
577:
529:
465:
398:
3200:
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6935:
6765:
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6351:
5642:
5380:
5195:
5085:
4403:
4378:
4268:
4263:
4058:
3852:
1130:
975:. Reconstruction after devastations of civil war combat remains a major challenge.
968:
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868:
820:
704:
700:
688:
652:
541:
310:
294:
244:
227:
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6925:
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5914:
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5235:
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747:
672:
565:
500:
461:
368:
207:
143:
3093:"Russia patrolling between Turkish and Syrian forces after U.S. troops withdraw"
2898:"U.S. military aid is fueling big ambitions for Syria's leftist Kurdish militia"
7005:
6865:
6860:
6845:
6715:
6660:
5799:
5562:
5542:
5522:
5512:
5507:
5330:
4973:
4556:
4493:
2817:"Syrian women liberated from Isis are joining the police to protect their city"
2614:"U.S.-backed forces cut off all routes into IS-held Manbij: Syrian Observatory"
1977:'Al Kanfei Yonah: Collected Studies of Jonas C. Greenfield on Semitic Philology
1126:
901:
897:
832:
739:
684:
488:
before the temple, which were ceremoniously climbed once a year and decorated.
354:
280:
272:
2876:
2539:
7395:
7370:
7360:
7320:
7250:
7195:
7120:
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6675:
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6530:
5794:
5647:
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5260:
4967:
4672:
4618:
4288:
4258:
4073:
4046:
3743:
3567:
3538:
3503:
3334:
3321:
3236:
3226:
3206:
2763:"Reconciliation committee formed of Manbij tribal notables and intellectuals"
1960:. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 451–452.
1951:
1934:
1645:
1380:
1044:
asked the Assad government via Twitter to protect Manbij from attacks by the
951:
755:
754:, conquered it from its Zengid lord, Qutb ad-Din Inal, in 1175. In 1260, the
155:
99:
86:
7365:
7265:
7205:
7200:
7160:
7090:
7085:
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6975:
6840:
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6800:
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6311:
6266:
6054:
5998:
5547:
5425:
5390:
5265:
5220:
5214:
4902:
4778:
4638:
4593:
4577:
4488:
4423:
4213:
4088:
3818:
1979:. Biblical Studies and Religious Studies. Vol. 1. Brill. p. 285.
1110:
908:
855:
ordered an establishment of a camp for about 1000 families of the Armenian
852:
731:
712:
679:. Afterward, the city became a point of contention between the Byzantines,
632:
452:
441:
7335:
7330:
7245:
7130:
7105:
7060:
7015:
6850:
6830:
6775:
6710:
6680:
6605:
6595:
6461:
6426:
6281:
6223:
6183:
5582:
5517:
4772:
4508:
4498:
4473:
4338:
4312:
4273:
4083:
3728:
3483:
2919:"US confirms support for Manbij Military Council despite Turkish threats"
2111:
Seleukos Nikator (Routledge Revivals): Constructing a Hellenistic Kingdom
812:
804:
716:
692:
656:
644:
636:
609:
572:
and built a royal palace. The city was reconquered by the Assyrian king
7380:
7340:
7325:
7310:
7155:
7095:
6985:
6980:
6905:
6870:
6760:
6665:
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6525:
6496:
6491:
6321:
6306:
6228:
6193:
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5804:
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5374:
5325:
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4323:
4278:
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4238:
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912:
808:
792:
620:
in her hand. Other coins substitute the legend Θεάς Συρίας Ιεροπολιτόν
284:
2981:"US, Turkey begin joint patrols around northern Syrian town of Manbij"
726:
never captured Manbij during their 11th–12th century invasions of the
7375:
7355:
7125:
7070:
7020:
6945:
6895:
6885:
6875:
6795:
6750:
6705:
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4458:
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4333:
4203:
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3928:
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1873:
On Art in the Ancient Near East Volume I: Of the First Millennium BCE
1064:
1060:
873:
824:
723:
676:
643:
gathered his troops there before marching to his defeat and death in
561:
447:
401:
260:
5018:
4728:
2653:"Thousands Return To Manbij After Islamic State Militants Flee City"
7300:
7295:
7285:
7275:
7255:
7170:
7145:
7100:
7045:
7025:
7010:
6995:
6965:
6955:
6930:
6855:
6825:
6815:
6790:
6735:
6685:
6655:
6650:
6600:
6535:
6506:
6401:
6213:
6173:
6043:
6018:
5858:
5567:
5527:
5245:
5240:
5225:
5030:
4752:
4722:
4693:
4533:
4468:
4418:
4362:
4293:
4283:
4182:
4143:
4113:
1008:
991:
696:
581:
560:
called the city "Mnbg" (Manbug). Manbij was part of the kingdom of
557:
2792:"US-led coalition delivering aid to civilians in post-ISIS Manbij"
2738:"Manbij: students back to school after ISIS explosives dismantled"
2562:"Al Qaeda chief Zawahri tells Islamists in Syria to unite - audio"
762:
destroyed Ayyubid Manbij, which was consequently abandoned by its
313:
has been deployed on the city's periphery as a buffer between the
7260:
7225:
7220:
7180:
7165:
7135:
7030:
7000:
6915:
6785:
6755:
6725:
6695:
6670:
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6610:
6565:
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6501:
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6416:
6406:
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6208:
5532:
5275:
4797:
4608:
4243:
4228:
4153:
4148:
4123:
4098:
3858:
3692:
2871:
1975:. In Paul, Shalom M.; Stone, Michael E.; Pinnick, Avital (eds.).
1102:
990:
training of new SDF recruits in the fight against ISIL and other
843:
in 1878. As of 1911, its 1,500 inhabitants were all Circassians.
784:
751:
708:
617:
605:
597:
593:
585:
549:
485:
473:
464:
of the shrine and the tank of sacred fish of Atargatis, of which
342:
330:
150:
3053:
Syria war: Government forces 'enter Manbij' amid Turkey threats.
2933:"Manbij Democratic Civilian Administration Council takes office"
2692:"On the Front Line in the Bloody Fight to Take Manbij From ISIS"
2378:, in - The new Encyclopædia Britannica: Volume 5, 2002, page 913
297:, the city was first captured by rebels in 2012, overrun by the
7350:
7305:
7215:
7190:
7185:
7175:
7140:
7110:
6960:
6920:
6900:
6810:
6780:
6545:
6466:
6446:
6411:
6371:
6341:
6291:
6276:
6271:
6233:
6168:
5924:
5657:
5300:
5255:
5230:
5179:
5104:
4867:
4648:
4603:
4428:
4383:
4373:
4248:
4233:
4218:
4208:
4163:
4128:
4118:
4007:
3698:
3432:
3398:
2995:"Nordsyrien: Assad-Truppen schon in Manbidsch? | tagesschau.de"
1605:
1022:
began joint patrols around Manbij along the front lines of the
959:
856:
771:
759:
727:
625:
481:
477:
287:
3174:
The Power Game in Byzantium: Antonina and the Empress Theodora
746:, who reconstructed and strengthened the city's fortress. The
734:
archbishopric of Hierapolis was re-established in the town of
564:
and was annexed by the Assyrians in 856 BC. The Assyrian king
7345:
7315:
6835:
6805:
6740:
6640:
6570:
6540:
6218:
6203:
6178:
6146:
5319:
4803:
4653:
4368:
4318:
4188:
4078:
3381:
1601:
Manbij is served by two major roads, Route M4 and Route 216.
1139:
is the nominal see of three Catholic successor titular sees:
1052:
reported that the Syrian Army was still outside of the town.
735:
680:
537:
492:
423:
409:
358:
268:
256:
1079:, and one was an employee of Valiant Integrated Services, a
7065:
6336:
6286:
6198:
6188:
4623:
4412:
4067:
2951:"Manbij declares new administration in much-contested city"
2674:"Manbij Military Council takes over the security of Manbij"
1717:
1034:
893:
613:
601:
504:
264:
1105:
names ten bishops of Hierapolis. Among the best-known are
309:(AANES). Since 2018, after an agreement with the SDF, the
6585:
3027:
1718:"جیهانمۆسكۆ: سوپای سوریا بە تەواوەتی مەنبج كۆنتڕۆڵ دەكات"
1143:
the Latin Catholic Metropolitan titular archbishopric of
584:
who made it the chief station on their main road between
1094:
entered Manbij to preempt a Turkish and TFSA offensive.
738:
by 1134. By 1152, Duluk and Manbij were captured by the
532:
dynast/priest of Manbog (Bambyce), dated c. 340-332 BC.
2244:
2057:
The Aramaeans: Their Ancient History, Culture, Religion
2717:"Syrian kids relish return to school in ex-IS bastion"
2592:"SDF closes in on ISIL supply route in Syria's Manbij"
2352:
Mongols and Mamluks: The Mamluk-Ilkhanid War, 1260-128
988:
Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve
2232:
238:
2138:
White Banners: Contention in 'Abbasid Syria, 750-880
2084:
Coinage in Roman Syria: Northern Syria, 64 BC-AD 253
221:
1604:There is no airport near Manbij, the nearest is in
3276:A History of the Early Medieval Siege, C. 450-1220
2633:"SDF captures ISIS's largest stronghold in Aleppo"
2322:Lyons, Malcolm Cameron; Jackson, D. E. P. (1982).
691:captured it circa 1022, making Manbij, along with
631:In the third century, the city was the capital of
3170:
2394:Syria's Monuments: Their Survival and Destruction
2261:
2259:
1666:"من يسبق في السيطرة على مدينة منبج الاستراتيجية؟"
892:, Manbij had an ethnically diverse population of
548:: "Abyaty" in Aramaic, high priest and driver in
345:it was known as Nappigu or Nanpigi. Its name was
307:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
175:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
7393:
2538:. SyriaTomorrow. 9 December 2012. Archived from
3246:
2107:
2053:
1692:"Hemo: Minbic ji bo Amerîka û Tirkiyê giring e"
1088:2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria
3221:Personal Narrative of the Euphrates Expedition
2256:
2207:
2205:
1824:. Middle East Research and Information Project
1820:Khaddour, Kheder; Mazur, Kevin (Winter 2013).
1149:the Melkite Catholic Titular Archbishopric of
707:captured it, defeated the Mirdasids and their
6129:
3364:
2794:. ARA News. 25 September 2016. Archived from
2348:
2080:
2026:
1938:
1819:
1639:General Census of Population and Housing 2004
2916:
2321:
2211:
1999:
1869:
1842:
418:), the "City of the Sanctuary", and then as
2844:. ARA News. 13 October 2016. Archived from
2740:. ARA News. 10 October 2016. Archived from
2355:. Cambridge University Press. p. 204.
2328:. Cambridge University Press. p. 105.
2294:
2268:"The Growth of the Latin Church of Antioch"
2212:Ibn al-Athir (2002). Richards, D.S. (ed.).
2202:
939:Joint Syrian-Russian base near Manbij, 2017
639:. It was, however, in a ruinous state when
456:which has traditionally been attributed to
283:minorities. Many of its residents practice
7402:Archaeological sites in Aleppo Governorate
6136:
6122:
3371:
3357:
3258:
3020:"Syrian army says it has entered key city"
2486:
2390:
2386:
2384:
2177:
2175:
1970:
999:include 71 Arabs, 43 Kurds, 10 Turkmen, 8
484:. There were also huge phalli set up like
3410:
2630:
2274:. Peeters Publishers. pp. 175, 180.
1921:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1097:
480:offering little male figures of wood and
4995:
3292:
2265:
2250:
977:
934:
872:
635:province and one of the great cities of
544:, facing female bust, wearing necklace.
519:
5352:
2917:Antonopoulos, Paul (26 February 2017).
2391:Greenhalgh, Michael (3 November 2016).
2381:
2172:
1815:
1813:
880:near Manbij, acting as advisors to the
878:United States special operations forces
468:also relates marvels. According to the
259:, 30 kilometers (19 miles) west of the
7394:
5946:
5477:
3273:
2270:. In Ciggaar, K.; Metcalf, M. (eds.).
2238:
2161:
1908:
847:refugees settled in Manbij during the
6117:
5945:
5703:
5476:
5351:
5156:
4994:
4844:
4554:
4044:
3409:
3352:
3090:
2509:
2482:
2480:
2417:
2325:Saladin: The Politics of the Holy War
2181:
2030:The Roman Near East, 31 B.C.-A.D. 337
1793:"Menbiç krizi Türkmen aileleri böldü"
1634:
1632:
960:Federation of Northern Syria – Rojava
916:cities in the countryside of Aleppo.
888:Before and in the early years of the
460:, who gave a full description of the
301:in 2,014 and finally captured by the
2719:. ReliefWeb (AFP). 28 September 2016
2536:"المجالس المحلية .. خطوة نحو الأمام"
2499:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
2168:. Aleppo: Dar al-Amanah. p. 53.
2134:
1810:
922:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
435:
394:As the center of the worship of the
380:
315:Turkish occupation of Northern Syria
305:(SDF) in 2016, bringing it into the
299:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
7412:Populated places in Manbij District
5704:
5157:
4845:
1790:
1738:
1075:civilian working in support of the
1050:Syrian Observatory for Human Rights
862:
404:, it became known to the Greeks as
231:
211:
13:
4555:
3091:Fahim, Kareem (October 15, 2019).
2477:
2298:The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives
1822:"The Struggle for Syria's Regions"
1650:Syria Central Bureau of Statistics
1629:
819:, walls and churches built by the
14:
7428:
4045:
3312:
2867:"(Video) Manbij after liberation"
2487:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
1611:
1596:
341:, "Site of the Spring"). For the
6242:
6145:
4031:
4025:
3380:
2875:. 23 August 2016. Archived from
2769:. 9 October 2016. Archived from
2165:The Emirate of Aleppo: 1004–1094
1926:
1155:the Syrian Titular Bishopric of
1083:supporting American operations.
770:inhabitants as they migrated to
325:Coins struck at the city before
251:) is a city in the northeast of
168:
58:
51:
7417:Circassian communities in Syria
5436:Rasm Harmil al-Imam Subdistrict
3164:
3155:
3140:
3125:
3110:
3084:
3058:
3046:
3034:
3012:
2987:
2973:
2957:. 12 March 2017. Archived from
2943:
2925:
2910:
2890:
2859:
2834:
2809:
2784:
2755:
2730:
2709:
2684:
2666:
2645:
2624:
2606:
2584:
2554:
2528:
2503:
2462:
2450:
2445:Ross Burns. "Aleppo: A History"
2438:
2411:
2369:
2342:
2315:
2288:
2155:
2128:
2101:
2074:
2047:
2020:
1993:
1971:Greenfield, Jonas Carl (2001).
1964:
1890:
1863:
1046:Turkish-backed Free Syrian Army
787:whose bishop was under Manbij.
2631:Charkatli, Izat (2016-08-12).
2349:Amitai-Preiss, Reuven (1995).
1836:
1784:
1758:
1732:
1710:
1684:
1658:
1125:(c. 600), author of a life of
1113:, who died in exile in Egypt;
662:
59:
1:
3274:Purton, Peter Fraser (2009).
3194:
2655:. News Deeply. 15 August 2016
1973:"Aspects of Aramean Religion"
1178:Köppen climate classification
777:
3278:. Boydell & Brewer Ltd.
3177:. A&C Black. p. 9.
3043:Aljazeera, 28 December 2018.
2997:. 2019-03-05. Archived from
2568:. 2015-01-23. Archived from
2418:Burns, Ross (30 June 2009).
2295:Hillenbrand, Carole (2000).
2185:The Great Seljuqs: A History
1162:
911:, many of whom followed the
515:
320:
7:
5401:Kuweires Sharqi Subdistrict
5121:Shuyukh Tahtani Subdistrict
4814:Shaykh al-Hadid Subdistrict
3509:al-Muslimiyah al-Shamaliyah
3297:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
3241:Journal of Hellenic Studies
2421:Monuments of Syria: A Guide
1309:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1239:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
1077:Defense Intelligence Agency
687:groups. The Arab chieftain
592:. The temple was sacked by
239:
222:
10:
7433:
4023:
3559:Tell ad-Daman Subdistrict
3267:Palestine Exploration Fund
3203:(1913) at sacred-texts.com
3171:James Allan Evans (2011).
3147:Revue de l'orient chrétien
2470:Ernest Alfred Wallis Budge
2301:. Routledge. p. 474.
2266:Hamilton, Bernard (2006).
2218:. Routledge. p. 166.
2182:Basan, Osman Aziz (2010).
2141:. SUNY Press. p. 12.
1652:(CBS). Aleppo Governorate.
1588:
1189:
1167:
1151:Hierapolis of the Melkites
866:
510:
439:
424:
410:
359:
184:460 m (1,510 ft)
6515:
6251:
6240:
6158:
6152:Cities and towns of Syria
6073:
6033:
6008:
5988:
5958:
5954:
5941:
5848:
5813:
5758:
5738:
5716:
5712:
5699:
5606:
5489:
5485:
5472:
5434:
5399:
5364:
5360:
5347:
5309:
5284:
5204:
5169:
5165:
5152:
5119:
5094:
5044:
5007:
5003:
4990:
4959:Urum al-Kubra Subdistrict
4957:
4892:
4857:
4853:
4840:
4812:
4787:
4762:
4742:
4712:
4662:
4567:
4563:
4550:
4442:
4402:
4352:
4302:
4172:
4057:
4053:
4040:
3997:
3887:
3842:
3767:
3682:
3557:
3422:
3418:
3405:
3393:
3253:. Boston: S. G. Simpkins.
2594:. Al Jazeera. 3 June 2016
2188:. Routledge. p. 76.
1540:
1496:
1452:
1378:
1308:
1238:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1157:Hierapolis of the Syrians
659:had failed to defend it.
249:Münbiç, Menbic, or Menbiç
193:
188:
180:
161:
149:
137:
125:
115:
80:
46:
37:
24:
4894:Ibbin Samaan Subdistrict
3424:Mount Simeon Subdistrict
3293:Richards, D. S. (2010).
3259:le Strange, Guy (1890),
3247:Henry Maundrell (1836).
3231:Reise in Syrien, &c.
2108:John D Grainger (2014).
2054:Edward Lipiński (2000).
1623:
1190:Climate data for Manbij
1145:Hierapolis of the Romans
1109:, an ardent advocate of
1040:On 28 December 2018 the
965:democratic confederalist
926:Syrian Democratic Forces
882:Syrian Democratic Forces
835:resettled the area with
699:, the foundation of his
651:held it to ransom after
622:Theas Syrias Ieropoliton
303:Syrian Democratic Forces
28:
5046:al-Jalbiyah Subdistrict
5009:Ayn al-Arab Subdistrict
4304:Tell Rifaat Subdistrict
3270:p. 36, 39, 42, 500
2162:Zakkar, Suhayl (1971).
1957:Encyclopædia Britannica
1940:Wilson, Charles William
1107:Alexander of Hierapolis
1092:Russian Military Police
1031:Manbij Military Council
945:Manbij Military Council
596:on his way to meet the
472:, the worship was of a
6941:Khirbet al-Tin Mahmoud
6387:al-Mukharram al-Foqani
5815:Al-Khafsah Subdistrict
5760:Abu Qilqil Subdistrict
5366:Dayr Hafir Subdistrict
3769:Darat Izza Subdistrict
3055:BBC, 28 December 2018.
2516:www.imprescriptible.fr
2135:Cobb, Paul M. (2001).
2081:Kevin Butcher (2004).
2027:Fergus Millar (1993).
1174:cold semi-arid climate
1098:Ecclesiastical history
983:
940:
885:
590:Seleucia on the Tigris
553:
248:
6075:Tell Aran Subdistrict
5975:Abu Jurayn al-Safirah
5960:As-Safira Subdistrict
5885:Ras al-Ayn al-Bumane'
5608:Ghandoura Subdistrict
5491:Jarabulus Subdistrict
4714:Jandairis Subdistrict
3889:al-Zirbah Subdistrict
3844:al-Hadher Subdistrict
3499:Maratat al-Muslimiyah
3412:Mount Simeon District
3335:36.52750°N 37.95528°E
2496:Catholic Encyclopedia
2424:. pp. 202, 203.
2397:. pp. 243, 244.
2000:Trevor Bryce (2009).
1944:Hogarth, David George
1870:Irene Winter (2009).
1843:Trevor Bryce (2009).
1123:Stephen of Hierapolis
1073:Department of Defense
981:
938:
876:
523:
100:36.52806°N 37.95472°E
19:City in Aleppo, Syria
7271:al-Surah al-Saghirah
6035:Khanasir Subdistrict
6010:al-Hajib Subdistrict
5875:al-Nasiriyah Fawqani
5850:Maskanah Subdistrict
5740:Abu Kahf Subdistrict
4997:Ayn al-Arab District
4924:Kafr Nasih al-Atarib
4744:Maabatli Subdistrict
4174:Akhtarin Subdistrict
3211:Euphrates Expedition
2510:Kevorkian, Raymond.
1115:Philoxenus of Mabbug
1055:On 15 January 2019,
1014:On 1 November 2018,
450:was immortalized in
432:), the "Holy City".
333:name of the city as
327:Alexander's conquest
7116:Rasm Harmil al-Imam
5880:Qashlat Yusef Basha
5840:al-Mahsanah Khafsah
5445:Rasm Harmil al-Imam
5354:Dayr Hafir District
4789:Sharran Subdistrict
3684:Haritan Subdistrict
3494:Maghayer Khan Tuman
3331: /
3265:, Committee of the
3097:The Washington Post
3070:The Washington Post
3030:. 29 December 2018.
2903:The Washington Post
2744:on October 12, 2016
2572:on February 3, 2016
1497:Average snowy days
1453:Average rainy days
1137:Hierapolis in Syria
647:. Sassanid Emperor
574:Tiglath-Pileser III
96: /
5948:As-Safira District
5718:Manbij Subdistrict
5678:Qubbat at-Turkuman
5479:Jarabulus District
5286:Al-Rai Subdistrict
5171:Al-Bab Subdistrict
5136:Tell Abyad Tahtani
5096:Sarrin Subdistrict
5036:Jaadat al-Samaawat
4859:Atarib Subdistrict
4664:Bulbul Subdistrict
4444:Sawran Subdistrict
3999:Zammar Subdistrict
3669:Tabara al-Khusheir
3387:Aleppo Governorate
3340:36.52750; 37.95528
3201:The Syrian Goddess
3161:Lequien, III, 1193
3072:. January 18, 2019
2983:. 1 November 2018.
2490:"Hierapolis"
1029:territory and the
984:
941:
928:(SDF) launched an
886:
839:refugees from the
833:Ottoman government
715:in 1086. In 1124,
612:or as riding on a
554:
458:Lucian of Samosata
367:) and recorded by
253:Aleppo Governorate
194: • Total
105:36.52806; 37.95472
7389:
7388:
6731:al-Hajar al-Aswad
6111:
6110:
6107:
6106:
6103:
6102:
5990:Banan Subdistrict
5937:
5936:
5933:
5932:
5775:Arab Hassan Kabir
5695:
5694:
5691:
5690:
5588:Umm Rutha Tahtani
5558:Jarabulus Tahtani
5468:
5467:
5464:
5463:
5343:
5342:
5339:
5338:
5311:Tadef Subdistrict
5206:Arima Subdistrict
5148:
5147:
5144:
5143:
4986:
4985:
4982:
4981:
4836:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4569:Afrin Subdistrict
4546:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4379:Ma'arat Umm Hawsh
4354:Mare' Subdistrict
4021:
4020:
4017:
4016:
3534:Tell Shair Samaan
2906:. 7 January 2017.
2823:. 13 October 2016
2767:Hawar News Agency
2680:. 19 August 2016.
1986:978-9-004-12170-6
1593:
1592:
1543:relative humidity
1071:, one was a U.S.
1063:soldier, one was
851:. In autumn 1915
849:Armenian genocide
841:Russo-Turkish War
578:Achaemenid Empire
436:Cult of Atargatis
399:fertility goddess
237:
220:
201:
200:
72:Location in Syria
7424:
7236:al-Shaykh Maskin
6936:Khirbet Ghazaleh
6766:Harran al-Awamid
6357:Maarat al-Numaan
6352:Jisr ash-Shughur
6246:
6150:
6149:
6138:
6131:
6124:
6115:
6114:
5956:
5955:
5943:
5942:
5714:
5713:
5701:
5700:
5487:
5486:
5474:
5473:
5381:Humaymah Kabirah
5362:
5361:
5349:
5348:
5167:
5166:
5154:
5153:
5086:Ras al-Ayn Qibli
5061:Jubb Faraj Kabir
5005:
5004:
4992:
4991:
4855:
4854:
4842:
4841:
4764:Rajo Subdistrict
4565:
4564:
4552:
4551:
4404:Nubl Subdistrict
4059:Azaz Subdistrict
4055:
4054:
4042:
4041:
4035:
4029:
3959:Othmaniya Kabira
3664:Rasm al-Mofakker
3604:Ballas al-Jadida
3594:Atshana Gharbiya
3589:Atshana Sharqiya
3459:Duwayr al-Zaytun
3420:
3419:
3407:
3406:
3385:
3384:
3373:
3366:
3359:
3350:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3324:
3308:
3289:
3269:
3254:
3189:
3188:
3168:
3162:
3159:
3153:
3144:
3138:
3129:
3123:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3062:
3056:
3050:
3044:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3006:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2961:on 14 March 2017
2947:
2941:
2940:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2492:
2484:
2475:
2466:
2460:
2454:
2448:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2388:
2379:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2263:
2254:
2248:
2242:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2209:
2200:
2199:
2179:
2170:
2169:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2024:
2018:
2017:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1923:
1906:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1817:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1791:Arpacık, Cihat.
1788:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1636:
1618:Empress Theodora
1187:
1186:
1057:a suicide attack
1024:Euphrates Shield
969:direct democracy
890:Syrian Civil War
869:Manbij offensive
863:Syrian Civil War
821:Byzantine Empire
705:Romanos Diogenes
701:Mirdasid emirate
689:Salih ibn Mirdas
446:This worship of
427:
426:
413:
412:
382:
377:Classical Syriac
362:
361:
311:Syrian Arab Army
295:Syrian Civil War
242:
236:romanized:
235:
233:
225:
215:
213:
173:
172:
111:
110:
108:
107:
106:
101:
97:
94:
93:
92:
89:
62:
61:
55:
22:
21:
7432:
7431:
7427:
7426:
7425:
7423:
7422:
7421:
7407:Cities in Syria
7392:
7391:
7390:
7385:
7241:Shayukh Tahtani
7231:Shaykh al-Hadid
7081:Qalaat al-Madiq
6951:Ma'arrat Misrin
6926:Kuwayris Sharqi
6511:
6477:al-Suqaylabiyah
6472:ash-Shaykh Badr
6247:
6238:
6154:
6144:
6142:
6112:
6099:
6069:
6029:
6004:
5984:
5950:
5929:
5870:Mujammaa Huttin
5844:
5809:
5754:
5734:
5708:
5706:Manbij District
5687:
5602:
5481:
5460:
5430:
5410:Kuweires Sharqi
5395:
5356:
5335:
5305:
5280:
5200:
5161:
5159:Al-Bab District
5140:
5130:Shuyukh Tahtani
5115:
5111:Shuyukh Fawqani
5090:
5040:
4999:
4978:
4953:
4888:
4849:
4847:Atarib District
4828:
4823:Shaykh al-Hadid
4808:
4783:
4758:
4738:
4708:
4658:
4559:
4538:
4438:
4398:
4348:
4298:
4168:
4159:Tulayl ash-Sham
4049:
4036:
4030:
4013:
3993:
3883:
3874:Maryamin Samaan
3838:
3824:Qabtan al-Jabal
3763:
3734:Maarat al-Artiq
3678:
3619:Buwaida Saghira
3553:
3414:
3401:
3389:
3379:
3377:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3330:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3305:
3286:
3217:W. F. Ainsworth
3197:
3192:
3185:
3169:
3165:
3160:
3156:
3145:
3141:
3130:
3126:
3115:
3111:
3101:
3099:
3089:
3085:
3075:
3073:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3051:
3047:
3039:
3035:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3004:
3002:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2964:
2962:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2915:
2911:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2882:
2880:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2851:
2849:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2826:
2824:
2821:The Independent
2815:
2814:
2810:
2801:
2799:
2790:
2789:
2785:
2776:
2774:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2747:
2745:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2722:
2720:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2701:
2699:
2696:The Daily Beast
2690:
2689:
2685:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2658:
2656:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2637:
2635:
2629:
2625:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2597:
2595:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2575:
2573:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2545:
2543:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2520:
2518:
2508:
2504:
2485:
2478:
2467:
2463:
2455:
2451:
2443:
2439:
2432:
2416:
2412:
2405:
2389:
2382:
2374:
2370:
2363:
2347:
2343:
2336:
2320:
2316:
2309:
2293:
2289:
2282:
2264:
2257:
2249:
2245:
2237:
2233:
2226:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2180:
2173:
2160:
2156:
2149:
2133:
2129:
2122:
2114:. p. 147.
2106:
2102:
2095:
2079:
2075:
2068:
2060:. p. 633.
2052:
2048:
2041:
2033:. p. 244.
2025:
2021:
2014:
2006:. p. 479.
1998:
1994:
1987:
1969:
1965:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1909:
1895:
1891:
1884:
1876:. p. 564.
1868:
1864:
1857:
1849:. p. 498.
1841:
1837:
1827:
1825:
1818:
1811:
1801:
1799:
1789:
1785:
1775:
1773:
1770:The Independent
1764:
1763:
1759:
1749:
1747:
1739:Koparan, Ömer.
1737:
1733:
1723:
1721:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1701:
1699:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1675:
1673:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1653:
1637:
1630:
1626:
1614:
1599:
1594:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1170:
1165:
1100:
1069:Shannon M. Kent
973:gender equality
871:
865:
789:Henry Maundrell
780:
673:Harun al-Rashid
665:
566:Shalmaneser III
518:
513:
501:Self-mutilation
444:
438:
323:
317:and the AANES.
167:
104:
102:
98:
95:
90:
87:
85:
83:
82:
76:
75:
74:
73:
70:
69:
68:
67:
63:
42:
33:
30:
27:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7430:
7420:
7419:
7414:
7409:
7404:
7387:
7386:
7384:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7343:
7338:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7293:
7288:
7283:
7278:
7273:
7268:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7218:
7213:
7208:
7203:
7198:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7153:
7151:al-Sabe' Biyar
7148:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7073:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7038:
7033:
7028:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7006:Mashta al-Helu
7003:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6846:Jubb al-Jarrah
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6716:al-Ghizlaniyah
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6522:
6520:
6513:
6512:
6510:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6258:
6256:
6249:
6248:
6241:
6239:
6237:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6165:
6163:
6156:
6155:
6141:
6140:
6133:
6126:
6118:
6109:
6108:
6105:
6104:
6101:
6100:
6098:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6079:
6077:
6071:
6070:
6068:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6039:
6037:
6031:
6030:
6028:
6027:
6022:
6014:
6012:
6006:
6005:
6003:
6002:
5994:
5992:
5986:
5985:
5983:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5964:
5962:
5952:
5951:
5939:
5938:
5935:
5934:
5931:
5930:
5928:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5890:Saan al-Ghazal
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5854:
5852:
5846:
5845:
5843:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5819:
5817:
5811:
5810:
5808:
5807:
5802:
5800:Hayyah Kabirah
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5764:
5762:
5756:
5755:
5753:
5752:
5744:
5742:
5736:
5735:
5733:
5732:
5722:
5720:
5710:
5709:
5697:
5696:
5693:
5692:
5689:
5688:
5686:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5612:
5610:
5604:
5603:
5601:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5563:Marma al-Hajar
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5523:al-Haluwaniyah
5520:
5515:
5513:al-Bir Tahtani
5510:
5508:al-Bir Fawqani
5505:
5495:
5493:
5483:
5482:
5470:
5469:
5466:
5465:
5462:
5461:
5459:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5440:
5438:
5432:
5431:
5429:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5405:
5403:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5370:
5368:
5358:
5357:
5345:
5344:
5341:
5340:
5337:
5336:
5334:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5315:
5313:
5307:
5306:
5304:
5303:
5298:
5290:
5288:
5282:
5281:
5279:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5210:
5208:
5202:
5201:
5199:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5175:
5173:
5163:
5162:
5150:
5149:
5146:
5145:
5142:
5141:
5139:
5138:
5133:
5125:
5123:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5113:
5108:
5100:
5098:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5050:
5048:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5013:
5011:
5001:
5000:
4988:
4987:
4984:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4976:
4974:Urum al-Sughra
4971:
4963:
4961:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4898:
4896:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4863:
4861:
4851:
4850:
4838:
4837:
4834:
4833:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4826:
4818:
4816:
4810:
4809:
4807:
4806:
4801:
4793:
4791:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4781:
4776:
4768:
4766:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4756:
4748:
4746:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4718:
4716:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4668:
4666:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4573:
4571:
4561:
4560:
4557:Afrin District
4548:
4547:
4544:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4494:Kafr Burayshah
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4448:
4446:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4408:
4406:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4358:
4356:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4308:
4306:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4178:
4176:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4063:
4061:
4051:
4050:
4038:
4037:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4003:
4001:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3939:Huweir al-Eiss
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3893:
3891:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3848:
3846:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3773:
3771:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3688:
3686:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3659:Oweinat Kabira
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3563:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3428:
3426:
3416:
3415:
3403:
3402:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3376:
3375:
3368:
3361:
3353:
3314:
3313:External links
3311:
3310:
3309:
3303:
3290:
3284:
3271:
3256:
3244:
3234:
3224:
3214:
3204:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3183:
3163:
3154:
3139:
3132:Échos d'Orient
3124:
3109:
3083:
3057:
3045:
3033:
3011:
2986:
2972:
2942:
2924:
2909:
2889:
2858:
2833:
2808:
2783:
2754:
2729:
2708:
2683:
2665:
2644:
2623:
2620:. 8 June 2016.
2605:
2583:
2553:
2527:
2502:
2476:
2461:
2449:
2437:
2430:
2410:
2403:
2380:
2368:
2361:
2341:
2334:
2314:
2307:
2287:
2280:
2255:
2253:, p. 619.
2243:
2241:, p. 184.
2231:
2224:
2201:
2194:
2171:
2154:
2147:
2127:
2120:
2100:
2093:
2087:. p. 24.
2073:
2066:
2046:
2039:
2019:
2012:
1992:
1985:
1963:
1952:Chisholm, Hugh
1907:
1905:, Book V, §81.
1889:
1882:
1862:
1855:
1835:
1809:
1783:
1772:. 2 March 2018
1757:
1731:
1709:
1683:
1657:
1644:2012-07-29 at
1627:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1613:
1612:Notable person
1610:
1598:
1597:Transportation
1595:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
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1549:
1546:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1494:
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1463:
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1457:
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1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1376:
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1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
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1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1306:
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1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
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1275:
1270:
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1255:
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1232:
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1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
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1202:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1185:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1153:
1147:
1127:St. Golindouch
1099:
1096:
864:
861:
817:Roman theatres
779:
776:
664:
661:
517:
514:
512:
509:
462:religious cult
440:Main article:
437:
434:
322:
319:
199:
198:
195:
191:
190:
186:
185:
182:
178:
177:
163:
159:
158:
153:
147:
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141:
135:
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119:
113:
112:
78:
77:
71:
65:
64:
57:
56:
50:
49:
48:
47:
44:
43:
38:
35:
34:
31:
25:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7429:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7403:
7400:
7399:
7397:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7371:al-Yaarubiyah
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7361:Urum al-Kubra
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7321:Tell al-Daman
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7287:
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7264:
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7119:
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7114:
7112:
7109:
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7104:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7076:al-Qahtaniyah
7074:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7051:al-Nashabiyah
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7036:al-Musayfirah
7034:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
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6979:
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6964:
6962:
6959:
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6954:
6952:
6949:
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6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6911:Khan Shaykhun
6909:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6881:Kafr Takharim
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
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6812:
6809:
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6789:
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6709:
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6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6676:al-Darbasiyah
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
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6629:
6627:
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6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6581:Assal al-Ward
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6531:Abu al-Thuhur
6529:
6527:
6524:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6514:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
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6425:
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6415:
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6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
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6383:
6380:
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6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
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6320:
6318:
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6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
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6293:
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6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
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6260:
6259:
6257:
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6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
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6222:
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6210:
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6139:
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6119:
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6096:
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6040:
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6032:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6020:
6016:
6015:
6013:
6011:
6007:
6001:
6000:
5996:
5995:
5993:
5991:
5987:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5970:
5966:
5965:
5963:
5961:
5957:
5953:
5949:
5944:
5940:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
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5891:
5888:
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5883:
5881:
5878:
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5871:
5868:
5866:
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5860:
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5847:
5841:
5838:
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5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5825:
5821:
5820:
5818:
5816:
5812:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5795:Hamir Labidah
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5780:Awsajli Kabir
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5770:
5766:
5765:
5763:
5761:
5757:
5751:
5750:
5746:
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5741:
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5711:
5707:
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5684:
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5669:
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5664:
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5609:
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5411:
5407:
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5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
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5379:
5377:
5376:
5372:
5371:
5369:
5367:
5363:
5359:
5355:
5350:
5346:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
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5321:
5317:
5316:
5314:
5312:
5308:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5296:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5287:
5283:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5261:Kherbet Kiyar
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5216:
5212:
5211:
5209:
5207:
5203:
5197:
5194:
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5187:
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5182:
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5177:
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5174:
5172:
5168:
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5160:
5155:
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5137:
5134:
5132:
5131:
5127:
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5122:
5118:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5106:
5102:
5101:
5099:
5097:
5093:
5087:
5084:
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5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
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5051:
5049:
5047:
5043:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5021:
5020:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5010:
5006:
5002:
4998:
4993:
4989:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4969:
4968:Urum al-Kubra
4965:
4964:
4962:
4960:
4956:
4950:
4949:al-Shaykh Ali
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4934:Maarat Atarib
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4904:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4895:
4891:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
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4860:
4856:
4852:
4848:
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4825:
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4815:
4811:
4805:
4802:
4800:
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4790:
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4780:
4777:
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4774:
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4769:
4767:
4765:
4761:
4755:
4754:
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4711:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
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4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4665:
4661:
4655:
4652:
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4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4619:Burj Abdullah
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4589:Awlad al-Arab
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4579:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4553:
4549:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4519:al-Yaarubiyah
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
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4460:
4457:
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4410:
4409:
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4405:
4401:
4395:
4392:
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4382:
4380:
4377:
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4367:
4365:
4364:
4360:
4359:
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4337:
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4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4301:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4289:Turkman Bareh
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4269:Tal'ar Sharqi
4267:
4265:
4264:Tal'ar Gharbi
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
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4210:
4207:
4205:
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4165:
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4140:
4137:
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4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4074:al-Fayruziyah
4072:
4070:
4069:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4047:Azaz District
4043:
4039:
4034:
4028:
4010:
4009:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3996:
3990:
3989:Ziyara Samaan
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
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3880:
3877:
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3807:
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3800:
3797:
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3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3766:
3760:
3759:Yaqed al-Adas
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3744:Shaykh Najjar
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3685:
3681:
3675:
3674:Um al-Karamel
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
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3607:
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3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3568:Tell al-Daman
3565:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3544:al-Dhahabiyah
3542:
3540:
3539:Tell Shughayb
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3504:al-Muslimiyah
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
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952:Shahba region
948:
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909:Sunni Muslims
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600:(53 BC). The
599:
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540:and Ateh" in
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81:Coordinates:
79:
54:
45:
41:
36:
23:
16:City in Syria
7366:Wadi al-Oyun
7206:al-Shaddadah
7091:al-Qaryatayn
7041:al-Mushannaf
6841:al-Jawadiyah
6821:al-Janudiyah
6801:Ibbin Samaan
6746:al-Hamidiyah
6636:Bir al-Helou
6621:Barri Sharqi
6591:Ayn al-Fijah
6517:Sub-district
6432:Ra's al-'Ayn
6366:
6362:al-Malikiyah
6082:
6060:al-Samiriyah
6055:Rasm Al-Nafl
6042:
6017:
5997:
5967:
5857:
5830:Khan al-Humr
5822:
5767:
5747:
5727:
5726:
5725:
5668:Tell Aghbar
5615:
5538:Ayn al-Bayda
5499:
5498:
5451:Shaykh Ahmad
5443:
5426:Rasm al-Abed
5408:
5391:Umm el-Marra
5373:
5318:
5293:
5213:
5178:
5128:
5103:
5053:
5017:
5016:
4966:
4903:Ibbin Samaan
4901:
4866:
4821:
4796:
4779:Meidan Ekbis
4771:
4751:
4721:
4684:Darmashkanli
4671:
4576:
4529:Az-Zahiriyah
4451:
4411:
4361:
4311:
4181:
4109:al-Malikiyah
4089:Kafr Khasher
4066:
4006:
3964:Rasm al-Eiss
3896:
3851:
3829:al-Sakhriyah
3776:
3749:Shaykh Zayat
3691:
3566:
3431:
3395:
3316:
3294:
3275:
3261:
3249:
3240:
3230:
3220:
3210:
3173:
3166:
3157:
3149:
3146:
3142:
3134:
3131:
3127:
3119:
3116:
3112:
3100:. Retrieved
3096:
3086:
3074:. Retrieved
3069:
3060:
3048:
3036:
3023:
3014:
3003:. Retrieved
2999:the original
2989:
2975:
2963:. Retrieved
2959:the original
2954:
2945:
2936:
2927:
2912:
2901:
2892:
2881:. Retrieved
2877:the original
2870:
2861:
2850:. Retrieved
2846:the original
2836:
2825:. Retrieved
2820:
2811:
2800:. Retrieved
2796:the original
2786:
2775:. Retrieved
2771:the original
2757:
2746:. Retrieved
2742:the original
2732:
2721:. Retrieved
2711:
2700:. Retrieved
2695:
2686:
2677:
2668:
2657:. Retrieved
2647:
2636:. Retrieved
2626:
2617:
2608:
2596:. Retrieved
2586:
2574:. Retrieved
2570:the original
2565:
2556:
2544:. Retrieved
2540:the original
2530:
2519:. Retrieved
2515:
2505:
2494:
2464:
2452:
2440:
2420:
2413:
2393:
2376:"Hierapolis"
2371:
2351:
2344:
2324:
2317:
2297:
2290:
2271:
2246:
2234:
2214:
2184:
2164:
2157:
2137:
2130:
2110:
2103:
2083:
2076:
2056:
2049:
2029:
2022:
2002:
1995:
1976:
1966:
1955:
1900:
1892:
1872:
1865:
1845:
1838:
1826:. Retrieved
1800:. Retrieved
1796:
1786:
1774:. Retrieved
1769:
1760:
1748:. Retrieved
1744:
1734:
1722:. Retrieved
1720:(in Kurdish)
1712:
1700:. Retrieved
1698:(in Kurdish)
1695:
1686:
1674:. Retrieved
1669:
1660:
1603:
1600:
1383:mm (inches)
1180:
1171:
1136:
1135:
1111:Nestorianism
1101:
1085:
1054:
1039:
1013:
997:
985:
955:
949:
942:
918:
887:
884:, March 2017
853:Djemal Pasha
830:
802:
781:
732:Latin Church
721:
713:Malik-Shah I
666:
633:Euphratensis
630:
621:
569:
555:
545:
533:
528:of 'Abyati,
525:
497:
490:
470:De Dea Syria
469:
453:De Dea Syria
451:
445:
442:De Dea Syria
429:
419:
415:
405:
393:
388:
384:
372:
364:
350:
338:
334:
324:
292:
255:in northern
203:
202:
165:
7336:Tell Salhab
7331:Tell Rifaat
7131:al-Ruhaybah
7016:al-Masmiyah
6991:al-Mansurah
6851:Jubb Ramlah
6831:al-Jarniyah
6711:al-Ghariyah
6681:Deir Atiyah
6606:Ayn al-Nasr
6596:Ayn Halaqim
6462:al-Sanamayn
6427:al-Qutayfah
6282:Ayn al-Arab
6224:Rif Dimashq
6184:Deir ez-Zor
6160:Governorate
5910:Tell Akhdar
5835:al-Maamurah
5683:al-Suwaydah
5653:Jubb al-Dam
5583:Qirq Maghar
5518:al-Hajaliah
5055:al-Jalbiyah
5026:al-Farazdaq
5019:Ayn al-Arab
4944:al-Sahharah
4914:Kafr Karmin
4689:Deir Ballut
4679:Burj Haider
4499:Kafr Shoush
4484:al-Judaydah
4474:Hawar Kilis
4339:Shaykh Issa
4313:Tell Rifaat
4274:Tall Battal
4084:Kafr Kalbin
3979:Tell Hidyah
3974:Tell Allush
3729:Kafr Hamrah
3624:Deir Saliba
3484:Kafr Saghir
3338: /
3117:Or. Christ.
3076:January 21,
2239:Purton 2009
1797:Independent
1776:29 December
1724:21 December
1702:21 December
1676:21 December
1672:(in Arabic)
1654:(in Arabic)
1117:, a famous
1086:During the
1001:Circassians
958:autonomous
954:within the
823:as well as
813:Roman baths
805:sacred lake
717:Belek Ghazi
663:Middle Ages
657:Justinian I
645:Mesopotamia
637:Roman Syria
610:mural crown
568:renamed it
476:character,
329:record the
293:During the
151:Subdistrict
127:Governorate
103: /
7396:Categories
7381:az-Ziyarah
7341:Tell Tamer
7326:Tell Hamis
7311:al-Tamanah
7291:al-Sukhnah
7211:al-Shajara
7156:al-Sabkhah
7096:al-Qurayya
7056:al-Nasirah
6986:al-Malihah
6906:al-Khafsah
6891:al-Karamah
6871:Kafr Batna
6761:Harbnafsah
6666:Darat Izza
6576:al-Asharah
6561:al-Arishah
6526:Abu Qilqil
6497:al-Thawrah
6492:Tell Abyad
6307:Dayr Hafir
6229:as-Suwayda
6194:al-Hasakah
6090:Tell Hasil
5920:al-Zahirah
5905:Tell Aswad
5895:al-Tadamon
5824:Al-Khafsah
5805:Jubb Hamza
5769:Abu Qilqil
5673:Tell Hajar
5638:Arab Azzah
5593:Yusuf Bayk
5573:Qandariyah
5456:Tell Ayoub
5375:Dayr Hafir
5326:Tell Rahal
5271:Oweishiyeh
5191:Abu Taltal
5186:Abu Jabbar
4929:Kafr Nuran
4909:Kafr Halab
4734:Kafr Safra
4704:Karzahayel
4524:al-Yamamah
4394:Tell Qarah
4344:Tell Jabin
4329:Kafr Naseh
4324:Deir Jamal
4279:Tall Tanah
4254:Qar Kalbin
4134:al-Salameh
3879:Tell Dadin
3778:Darat Izza
3724:Kafr Bssin
3644:Kafr Obeid
3639:Jubb Aleis
3519:Rasm Assan
3489:Khan Tuman
3326:37°57′19″E
3323:36°31′39″N
3195:References
3102:16 October
3005:2021-09-09
2883:2016-10-15
2852:2016-10-15
2827:2016-10-15
2802:2016-10-15
2777:2016-10-15
2748:2016-10-15
2723:2016-10-15
2702:2016-10-15
2659:2016-10-15
2638:2016-08-13
2546:9 December
2521:2020-12-07
1948:Hierapolis
1902:Nat. Hist.
1119:Miaphysite
1081:contractor
913:Naqshbandi
906:Circassian
867:See also:
837:Circassian
809:colonnades
793:low relief
778:Modern era
744:Nur ad-Din
730:, but the
570:Lita-Ashur
530:Achaemenid
503:and other
430:Hierápolis
420:Hierapolis
416:Hierópolis
406:Hieropolis
347:hellenized
285:Naqshbandi
277:Circassian
189:Population
91:37°57′17″E
88:36°31′41″N
7376:al-Zirbah
7356:Uqayribat
7126:al-Riqama
7071:al-Qadmus
7021:al-Mazraa
6946:al-Kiswah
6896:al-Kasrah
6886:Kafr Zita
6876:Kafr Nabl
6796:al-Huwash
6751:al-Hamraa
6706:Ghandoura
6701:Ghabaghib
6691:al-Dumayr
6626:Beit Jinn
6556:al-Ariqah
6482:Talkalakh
6452:Salamiyah
6442:as-Safira
6437:al-Rastan
6422:al-Qusayr
6347:Jarabulus
6327:al-Haffah
6317:Duraykish
6262:Abu Kamal
6084:Tell Aran
5969:as-Safira
5900:Talhuthan
5790:Dandaniya
5628:Al-Shahid
5623:Al-Kuliya
5617:Ghandoura
5501:Jarabulus
5386:al-Jabbul
5251:Haji Kusa
4919:Kafr Naha
4874:al-Abzamo
4629:Kafr Nabu
4614:Beit Adin
4599:Baselhaya
4514:Shuwayrin
4504:Murayghil
4479:Ihtaimlat
4459:Baraghida
4434:al-Zahraa
4334:Kafr Naya
4204:Bahwartah
4194:Aq Burhan
4139:Shamarikh
4094:Kaljibrin
3929:Bawabiyah
3898:al-Zirbah
3853:al-Hadher
3799:Kafrantin
3794:Bishqatin
3784:Bshantara
3649:al-Mintar
3574:Abu Rweil
3549:al-Wadihi
3255:271 pages
3227:E. Sachau
2576:27 August
1946:(1911). "
1828:27 August
1163:Geography
1065:U.S. Navy
1061:U.S. Army
1020:US troops
930:offensive
825:madrassas
724:Crusaders
677:al-Awasim
653:Byzantine
649:Khosrau I
624:within a
598:Parthians
582:Seleucids
562:Bit Adini
516:Antiquity
448:Atargatis
425:Ἱεράπολις
411:Ἱερόπολις
402:Atargatis
343:Assyrians
321:Etymology
261:Euphrates
217:romanized
181:Elevation
7301:Talbiseh
7296:al-Tabni
7286:al-Susah
7276:al-Suwar
7256:Sirghaya
7171:Saidnaya
7146:Sabburah
7101:Qurqania
7046:Muzayrib
7026:Muhambal
7011:Maskanah
6966:Maaloula
6956:Maabatli
6931:Khanaser
6856:Jindires
6826:Jaramana
6816:al-Jalaa
6791:Huraytan
6771:al-Hirak
6736:al-Hajib
6721:al-Hader
6686:al-Dimas
6651:Busayrah
6601:Ayn Issa
6536:Akhtarin
6507:Zabadani
6402:Qamishli
6253:District
6214:Quneitra
6174:Damascus
6044:Khanasir
6019:al-Hajib
5859:Maskanah
5785:Dakhirah
5749:Abu Kahf
5598:Zugharah
5568:Mazaalah
5528:al-Jamel
5421:al-Raa'i
5416:Mazburah
5276:Qabbasin
5246:Haddabat
5241:Deir Qaq
5226:Barlahin
5196:Ameriyeh
5031:al-Haqel
4884:al-Jinah
4753:Maabatli
4723:Jindires
4694:Fafertin
4644:Maryamin
4584:Ain Dara
4534:Zayzafun
4469:Duwaybiq
4419:Bayanoun
4294:Ziadiyah
4284:Tat Hims
4224:Duweidan
4183:Akhtarin
4144:Shamarin
4114:Maraanaz
3954:Kassibeh
3949:Jubb Kas
3934:Humayrah
3804:al-Hoteh
3739:Naqqarin
3609:Batranah
3579:Ameriyeh
3464:Haddadin
3396:Capital:
2965:14 March
2955:Kom News
2937:ANF News
1802:11 April
1750:11 April
1642:Archived
1541:Average
1379:Average
1279:(100.6)
1131:Jacobite
1037:allies.
1005:Armenian
992:Islamist
956:de facto
845:Armenian
768:Assyrian
750:sultan,
697:al-Rahba
655:Emperor
618:tympanum
558:Arameans
526:didrachm
486:obelisks
478:votaries
139:District
7261:Slinfah
7226:Shathah
7221:Sharran
7181:Saraqib
7166:Sahnaya
7136:al-Saan
7031:Muhasan
7001:Markada
6916:Khasham
6866:al-Qabu
6861:al-Jiza
6786:al-Hawl
6756:Harasta
6726:Hadidah
6696:Furqlus
6671:Darkush
6661:al-Dana
6631:Binnish
6611:Babbila
6566:Armanaz
6519:centres
6502:Yabroud
6487:al-Tall
6457:Salkhad
6417:Qudsaya
6407:Qardaha
6397:Palmyra
6392:an-Nabk
6382:Mhardeh
6377:Mayadin
6302:Darayya
6297:Baniyas
6255:centres
6209:Latakia
6162:centres
6095:Zira'ah
6050:Qulayaa
5980:Aqrabah
5915:Tishrin
5663:Nabghah
5633:Al-Qadi
5543:Balaban
5533:Amarnah
5331:al-Waqf
5236:al-Burj
5081:Ramilah
5076:Qinayah
4939:Awayjil
4798:Sharran
4729:Jalamah
4609:Basufan
4389:Talalin
4244:Kadrish
4239:Ka'ibah
4229:Ghaytun
4154:Tatiyah
4149:Sijaraz
4124:Nayarah
4104:Ma'arin
4099:Al-Krum
3969:Talafeh
3944:Jazraya
3869:Jmeimeh
3864:Dalamah
3859:al-Eiss
3814:Injarah
3789:Basrtun
3709:Bashkoy
3693:Haritan
3654:Mreiqes
3524:Saqlaya
3479:Hreibel
3024:cnn.com
2872:YouTube
2618:Reuters
2566:Reuters
2459:, p. 36
2447:, p. 36
1954:(ed.).
1937::
1448:(12.6)
1374:(48.9)
1369:(31.1)
1364:(43.5)
1359:(54.3)
1354:(61.3)
1349:(69.6)
1344:(67.8)
1339:(59.2)
1334:(54.5)
1329:(45.0)
1324:(39.7)
1319:(30.9)
1314:(29.8)
1304:(73.9)
1299:(48.4)
1294:(59.5)
1289:(79.3)
1284:(91.8)
1274:(99.9)
1269:(93.7)
1264:(82.9)
1259:(74.1)
1254:(60.1)
1249:(50.9)
1244:(46.2)
1168:Climate
1103:Lequien
1067:sailor
1016:Turkish
1009:Chechen
902:Turkmen
898:Kurdish
785:Cyrrhus
764:Turkmen
756:Mongols
752:Saladin
748:Ayyubid
740:Zengids
709:Bedouin
671:caliph
669:Abbasid
606:Aramaic
602:coinage
594:Crassus
586:Antioch
550:chariot
542:Aramaic
524:Silver
511:History
474:phallic
389:Mabbogh
365:Bambykē
360:Βαμβύκη
351:Bambyce
331:Aramean
281:Chechen
273:Turkmen
269:Kurdish
267:, with
245:Turkish
228:Kurdish
219::
212:مَنْبِج
162:Control
117:Country
29:مَنْبِج
7351:Thiban
7306:Taldou
7251:Sinjar
7216:Shaqqa
7196:Sawran
7191:Sarrin
7186:Sarmin
7176:Salqin
7141:Saasaa
7121:al-Rai
7111:Rankus
6971:Madaya
6961:Maadan
6921:Kirnaz
6901:Kessab
6811:Jayrud
6781:Hisyah
6646:Bulbul
6546:Arbeen
6467:Shahba
6447:Safita
6412:Qatana
6372:Masyaf
6367:Manbij
6342:Jableh
6292:al-Bab
6277:Atarib
6272:Arihah
6234:Tartus
6169:Aleppo
6025:Hawwaz
5925:Zunqul
5865:Mallah
5728:Manbij
5658:Lilawa
5648:Fursan
5578:Qirata
5553:Haymar
5301:Sosyan
5295:Al-Rai
5256:Hezwan
5231:Bizaah
5180:al-Bab
5105:Sarrin
5071:Qibbah
4879:Batibo
4868:Atarib
4699:Jalbul
4673:Bulbul
4649:Oqayba
4634:Kalota
4604:Basuta
4453:Sawran
4429:Ratyan
4384:Sunbul
4374:Herbel
4259:Taanah
4249:Qabtan
4234:Ghurur
4219:Dudyan
4209:Baruza
4199:Arshaf
4164:Yahmul
4129:Naddah
4119:Menagh
4008:Zammar
3924:Barqum
3919:Barnah
3754:Shamer
3714:Hayyan
3699:Anadan
3629:Hmeidi
3599:Ballas
3529:Siefat
3514:Qarras
3469:Hayyan
3433:Aleppo
3399:Aleppo
3301:
3282:
3243:(1909)
3233:(1883)
3223:(1888)
3213:(1850)
3181:
2598:3 June
2428:
2401:
2359:
2332:
2305:
2278:
2222:
2192:
2145:
2118:
2091:
2064:
2037:
2010:
1983:
1950:". In
1931:
1880:
1853:
1606:Aleppo
1443:(2.3)
1438:(1.4)
1433:(1.0)
1428:(0.1)
1413:(0.1)
1408:(0.3)
1403:(1.1)
1398:(1.5)
1393:(2.1)
1388:(2.7)
1195:Month
1007:and a
904:, and
857:Clergy
797:Volney
772:Aleppo
760:Hulagu
758:under
742:under
728:Levant
685:Turkic
641:Julian
626:wreath
505:orgies
482:bronze
466:Aelian
396:Syrian
385:Mabbog
335:Manbug
288:Sufism
279:, and
240:Minbic
223:Manbiǧ
208:Arabic
204:Manbij
197:99,497
156:Manbij
144:Manbij
132:Aleppo
66:Manbij
26:Manbij
7346:Tedef
7316:Tasil
7281:Suran
7266:Suluk
7201:Sebei
7161:Sadad
7086:Qarah
6996:Mare'
6981:Malah
6976:Mahin
6836:Jasim
6806:Ihsim
6741:Hajin
6656:Da'el
6641:Bosra
6616:Banan
6571:Arwad
6551:Arima
6541:Amuda
6337:Izra'
6332:Harem
6312:Douma
6267:Afrin
6219:Raqqa
6204:Idlib
6179:Daraa
5999:Banan
5643:Belis
5548:Dabis
5320:Tadef
5266:Maran
5221:Arran
5215:Arima
4804:Qatma
4654:Qibar
4639:Kimar
4594:Barad
4578:Afrin
4489:Kafra
4424:Mayer
4369:Fafin
4363:Mare'
4319:Ahras
4214:Dabiq
4189:Ablah
4079:Jarez
3984:Zitan
3914:Banes
3909:Arada
3834:Taqad
3819:Irhab
3704:Babis
3634:Hober
3614:Burda
3584:Arjel
3474:Hilan
3454:Azzan
3444:Assan
3439:Abtin
3122:925-8
1897:Pliny
1696:Rûdaw
1624:Notes
1234:Year
1027:rebel
1003:, an
736:Duluk
693:Balis
681:Arabs
538:Hadad
493:altar
373:Mabog
369:Pliny
355:Greek
257:Syria
232:مەنبج
121:Syria
32:مەنبج
7246:Shin
7106:Rajo
7066:Nubl
7061:Nawa
6776:Hish
6287:Azaz
6199:Homs
6189:Hama
4773:Rajo
4624:Inab
4509:Rael
4413:Nubl
4068:Azaz
3904:Abad
3299:ISBN
3280:ISBN
3179:ISBN
3152::200
3137::145
3104:2019
3078:2019
2967:2017
2600:2016
2578:2015
2548:2012
2468:Sir
2426:ISBN
2399:ISBN
2357:ISBN
2330:ISBN
2303:ISBN
2276:ISBN
2220:ISBN
2190:ISBN
2143:ISBN
2116:ISBN
2089:ISBN
2062:ISBN
2035:ISBN
2008:ISBN
1981:ISBN
1878:ISBN
1851:ISBN
1830:2015
1804:2022
1778:2018
1752:2022
1726:2019
1704:2019
1678:2019
1545:(%)
1503:1.5
1500:2.5
1423:(0)
1418:(0)
1367:−0.5
1357:12.4
1352:16.3
1347:20.9
1342:19.9
1337:15.1
1332:12.5
1317:−0.6
1312:−1.2
1302:23.3
1292:15.3
1287:26.3
1282:33.2
1277:38.1
1272:37.7
1267:34.3
1262:28.3
1257:23.4
1252:15.6
1247:10.5
1231:Dec
1228:Nov
1225:Oct
1222:Sep
1219:Aug
1216:Jul
1213:Jun
1210:May
1207:Apr
1204:Mar
1201:Feb
1198:Jan
1035:NATO
1018:and
971:and
894:Arab
831:The
766:and
722:The
695:and
683:and
667:The
614:lion
588:and
556:The
381:ܡܒܘܓ
339:Mnbg
265:Arab
40:City
6586:Awj
6322:Fiq
6065:Tat
5066:Mil
4464:Bel
3809:Hur
3719:Fah
3239:in
3028:CNN
2678:ANF
1584:48
1581:70
1578:51
1575:43
1572:39
1569:31
1566:31
1563:36
1560:38
1557:52
1554:56
1551:63
1548:71
1492:46
1456:10
1446:322
1372:9.4
1362:6.4
1327:7.2
1322:4.3
1297:9.1
1242:7.9
1181:BSk
1042:YPG
546:Rev
536:: "
534:Obv
391:).
387:or
371:as
349:as
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1506:0
1489:9
1486:5
1483:3
1480:1
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1474:0
1471:1
1468:3
1465:4
1462:4
1459:6
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1436:36
1431:25
1401:28
1396:38
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1386:69
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900:,
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