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has not yet been observed in the wild in the mangrove rivulus, but captive studies show that the eggs are positioned in shallow water, sometimes even in places that periodically are on land during low tide. The eggs can continue their development when out of water, but once they are ready to hatch
412:
and routinely reproduces by self-fertilization. Each individual hermaphrodite normally fertilizes itself when an egg and sperm that it has produced by an internal organ unite inside the fish's body. In nature, this mode of reproduction can yield highly homozygous lines composed of individuals so
340:
The mangrove rivulus can spend up to 66 consecutive days out of water, which it typically spends inside fallen logs, breathing air through its skin. It enters burrows created by insects inside trees where it relaxes its territorial, aggressive behavior. During this time, it alters its
352:
When jumping on land, the mangrove rivulus does a "tail flip", flipping its head over its body towards the tail end. The rivulus' jumping technique gives it an ability to direct its jumps on land and to make relatively forceful jumps. A team of scientists associated with the
413:
genetically uniform as to be, in effect, identical to one another. The capacity for self-fertilization in these fishes has apparently persisted for at least several hundred thousand years. Meioses that lead to self-fertilization can reduce genetic fitness by causing
391:. The concentration of males to hermaphrodites can vary depending on the local requirement for genetic diversity (for example, if an increase in the local parasite population occurred, secondary male numbers might increase). In Florida, almost all (>99%) are
480:, and was formerly listed as a species of special concern in Florida, but has since been delisted. It was formerly often overlooked and considered rare in Florida, but surveys have revealed that it is locally common in this state and abundant in the
417:. However, self-fertilization does provide the benefit of “fertilization assurance” (reproductive assurance) at each generation. Meiosis can also provide the adaptive benefit of efficient recombinational repair of DNA damages during formation of
421:
at each generation. This benefit may have prevented the evolutionary replacement of meiosis and selfing by a simpler type of clonal reproduction such as ameiotic or apomictic
227:
291:, and along the eastern and northern Atlantic coasts of Mexico, Central America and South America (south to Brazil). It has a very wide tolerance of both
437:
can reproduce consistently by self-fertilization, it gives rise to isogenic lineages. These lineages afford the opportunity to explicitly investigate
737:
Lublnski, B. A.; Davis, W. P.; Taylor, D. S.; Turner, B. J. (1995). "Outcrossing in a natural population of a self-fertilizing hermaphroditic fish".
1083:
Sakakura, Yoshitaka; Soyano, Kiyoshi; Noakes, David L.G.; Hagiwara, Atsushi (2006). "Gonadal morphology in the self-fertilizing mangrove killifish,
1605:
780:
Taylor, D. Scott; Turner, Bruce J.; Davis, William P.; Chapman, Ben B. (February 2008). "A novel terrestrial fish habitat inside emergent logs".
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1724:
618:
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398:, but in highly colonized South and Central American pools males typically are 3 to 8% of the population, and in offshore cays in
1357:
Wells, Michael W.; Wright, Patricia A. (2017-10-01). "Do not eat your kids: embryonic kin recognition in an amphibious fish".
1670:
1001:
Cole, Kathleen S.; Noakes, David L. G. (1 January 1997). "Gonadal development and sexual allocation in mangrove killifish,
1734:
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The mangrove rivulus is up to 7.5 cm (3.0 in) long, but most individuals are 1–3.8 cm (0.4–1.5 in).
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299:) and temperature (12–38 °C or 54–100 °F), can survive for about two months on land, and mostly breeds by
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1314:
Bernstein H, Byerly HC, Hopf FA, Michod RE (September 1985). "Genetic damage, mutation, and the evolution of sex".
860:"Twenty-four years in the mud: what have we learned about the natural history and ecology of the mangrove rivulus,
354:
1649:
1754:
1744:
1739:
1145:"Allard's argument versus Baker's contention for the adaptive significance of selfing in a hermaphroditic fish"
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Overall the mangrove rivulus is widespread and not threatened, but in the United States it is considered a
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Overall the mangrove rivulus is widespread and not threatened, but in the United States it is considered a
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74:
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1042:"Twenty-four-hour rhythms of internal self-fertilization and of oviposition by hermaphrodites of
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216:
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Ong, K. J.; Stevens, E. D.; Wright, P. A. (2007). "Gill morphology of the mangrove killifish (
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1405:"DNA methylation in adults and during development of the self-fertilizing mangrove rivulus,
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waste is excreted through the skin. The change is reversed once it re-enters the water.
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Fellous A, Labed-Veydert T, Locrel M, Voisin AS, Earley RL, Silvestre F (June 2018).
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Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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The species consists mostly of hermaphrodites which are known to reproduce by
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and marine waters (less frequently in fresh water) along the coasts of
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Earley RL, Hanninen AF, Fuller A, Garcia MJ, Lee EA (December 2012).
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MacKiewicz, M.; Tatarenkov, A.; Turner, B. J.; Avise, J. C. (2006).
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646:) is plastic and changes in response to terrestrial air exposure".
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425:. Adults may cannibalize juveniles, but only unrelated offspring.
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484:. It is considered vulnerable by the American Fisheries Society.
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1204:"Phenotypic plasticity and integration in the mangrove rivulus (
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Smithsonian Marine
Station at Fort Pierce. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
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913:"Brave new propagules: terrestrial embryos in anamniotic eggs"
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1257:"Long-term retention of self-fertilization in a fish clade"
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Tatarenkov A, Lima SM, Taylor DS, Avise JC (August 2009).
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The mangrove rivulus is considered to have potential as a
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were studied, and specific patterns of DNA methylation at
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954:"A mixed-mating strategy in a hermaphroditic vertebrate"
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released a video in 2013 showing the jumping technique.
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Proceedings of the Royal
Society B: Biological Sciences
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766:
National Marine
Fisheries Service (23 February 2017).
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in adults and during development were found to occur.
448:identical individuals. Epigenetic changes due to
1716:
722:"Tropical fish can live for months out of water"
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1143:Avise JC, Tatarenkov A (November 2012).
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380:this is delayed until again submerged.
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724:, Reuters, Wed Nov 14, 2007 9:05pm GMT
303:. It is typically found in areas with
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751:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111623
689:Florida Museum. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
428:
1040:Harrington, Robert W. (1963-10-01).
1725:IUCN Red List least concern species
1359:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
1212:Integrative and Comparative Biology
917:Integrative and Comparative Biology
868:Integrative and Comparative Biology
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572:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
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911:Martin, K.L.; A.L. Carter (2013).
307:and sometimes lives in burrows of
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561:NatureServe; Lyons, T.J. (2019).
470:National Marine Fisheries Service
325:National Marine Fisheries Service
472:. It is considered a species of
355:Society for Experimental Biology
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842:Tail-Flipping Fish Hops on Land
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648:Journal of Experimental Biology
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238:de la Cruz & Dubitsky, 1976
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1005:(Pisces: Atherinomorpha)".
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408:produces eggs and sperm by
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1735:Fish of the Atlantic Ocean
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1760:Taxa named by Felipe Poey
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1371:10.1007/s00265-017-2360-y
1109:10.1007/s10228-006-0362-2
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70:Scientific classification
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23:
631:. February 2023 version.
617:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
1523:Kryptolebias_marmoratus
1509:Kryptolebias marmoratus
1479:Kryptolebias marmoratus
1407:Kryptolebias marmoratus
1336:10.1126/science.3898363
1282:10.1073/pnas.0907852106
1206:Kryptolebias marmoratus
1170:10.1073/pnas.1217202109
1089:Ichthyological Research
1085:Kryptolebias marmoratus
862:Kryptolebias marmoratus
782:The American Naturalist
770:. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
768:Species of Concern List
644:Kryptolebias marmoratus
621:Kryptolebias marmoratus
565:Kryptolebias marmoratus
258:Kryptolebias marmoratus
179:Kryptolebias marmoratus
1755:Fish described in 1880
970:10.1098/rspb.2006.3594
579:: e.T19735A131005753.
373:
1745:Fish of South America
1740:Fish of North America
1050:Physiological Zoology
858:Taylor, D.S. (2012).
415:inbreeding depression
402:20 to 25% are males.
368:
369:Mangrove rivulus in
1425:2018EcoEv...8.6016F
1328:1985Sci...229.1277B
1273:2009PNAS..10614456T
1161:2012PNAS..10918862A
1101:2006IchtR..53..427S
739:Journal of Heredity
705:Rivulus marmoratus.
268:), is a species of
224:Rivulus bonairensis
40:Conservation status
1224:10.1093/icb/ics118
1044:Rivulus marmoratus
1003:Rivulus marmoratus
930:10.1093/icb/ict018
880:10.1093/icb/ics062
660:10.1242/jeb.002238
466:Species of Concern
429:Epigenetic studies
385:self-fertilization
374:
321:Species of Concern
310:Cardisoma guanhumi
301:self-fertilization
266:Rivulus marmoratus
253:mangrove killifish
205:Rivulus marmoratus
161:K. marmoratus
127:Cyprinodontiformes
1712:
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1684:Open Tree of Life
1471:Taxon identifiers
1433:10.1002/ece3.4141
1322:(4719): 1277–81.
964:(1600): 2449–52.
687:Mangrove Rivulus.
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530:Walking fish
489:bioindicator
486:
482:Florida Keys
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460:Conservation
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148:Kryptolebias
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1632:NatureServe
1593:iNaturalist
1503:Wikispecies
1365:(10): 140.
1118:10069/35713
803:10919/49125
685:Bester, C:
592:16 November
510:Androdioecy
491:species of
446:genetically
444:effects in
389:outcrossing
336:Land living
1719:Categories
536:References
520:Mudskipper
495:habitats.
442:phenotypic
439:epigenetic
419:germ cells
393:homozygous
371:Guadeloupe
208:Poey, 1880
1730:Rivulidae
1413:Ecol Evol
1379:0340-5443
812:1537-5323
703:Hill, K:
454:CpG sites
277:Rivulidae
270:killifish
155:Species:
137:Rivulidae
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
1637:2.101651
1611:10145506
1567:FishBase
1530:BioLib:
1494:Q1766865
1488:Wikidata
1451:29988456
1387:34001850
1301:19706532
1242:22990587
1189:23112206
1070:85957196
988:16959634
939:23604618
898:22576816
828:46035347
820:18197778
668:17371909
628:FishBase
499:See also
433:Because
377:Spawning
361:Breeding
347:nitrogen
293:salinity
289:Antilles
281:brackish
228:Hoedeman
196:Synonyms
133:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
1585:2349291
1442:6024129
1421:Bibcode
1344:3898363
1324:Bibcode
1316:Science
1292:2732792
1269:Bibcode
1233:3501102
1180:3503157
1157:Bibcode
1127:9474211
1097:Bibcode
1027:1447566
979:1634907
889:3501094
847:YouTube
493:estuary
476:by the
468:by the
410:meiosis
331:Ecology
323:by the
313:crabs.
285:Florida
272:in the
217:Nichols
189:, 1880)
143:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
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400:Belize
396:clones
295:(0–68
274:family
230:, 1958
219:, 1914
1697:WoRMS
1650:37003
1624:19735
1606:IRMNG
1559:3RF27
1546:27402
1383:S2CID
1123:S2CID
1066:S2CID
1023:JSTOR
824:S2CID
343:gills
1671:OBIS
1645:NCBI
1619:IUCN
1580:GBIF
1572:3213
1541:BOLD
1447:PMID
1375:ISSN
1340:PMID
1297:PMID
1238:PMID
1185:PMID
1011:1997
984:PMID
935:PMID
894:PMID
816:PMID
808:ISSN
664:PMID
594:2021
577:2019
478:IUCN
263:syn.
247:The
187:Poey
1554:CoL
1518:ADW
1437:PMC
1429:doi
1367:doi
1332:doi
1320:229
1287:PMC
1277:doi
1265:106
1228:PMC
1220:doi
1175:PMC
1165:doi
1153:109
1113:hdl
1105:doi
1087:".
1058:doi
1015:doi
974:PMC
966:doi
962:273
925:doi
884:PMC
876:doi
845:on
798:hdl
790:doi
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656:doi
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