194:
413:
164:
201:
171:
368:: a preliminary analysis indicated that its tonal system is of the Punjabi type, shared with Hindko and Gojri and contrasting with the systems found in northern Dardic languages. The
341:
with any of the surrounding languages. Lexical similarity tests have revealed that it shares a little over a third of its core vocabulary with the local varieties of
291:
361:. The somewhat higher similarity with Bateri could indicate a common origin, which would be consistent with the oral traditions of the community.
193:
2538:
705:
454:
226:
3121:
295:
299:
303:
3162:
287:
163:
2531:
698:
274:, northern Pakistan. It is spoken by a small community sometimes referred to as the Trawara in the secluded village of
2231:
2585:
311:
2926:
2524:
1104:
1883:
921:
691:
677:
Computational
Resource for South Asian Languages (CoRSAL) archive collection of Mankiyali language materials
3111:
1854:
1674:
1520:
840:
377:
373:
322:
to Hindko. The first study documenting the existence of the language was published only in 2015. The name
2417:
2385:
2241:
636:"Gender Variation in Language Use in Family: A Study of an Endangered Language Spoken in North Pakistan"
1951:
605:
Language Shift and the Speech
Community: A Sociolinguistic Study of Tarawara Community in Bandi Shungli
3157:
3061:
2943:
2390:
2091:
2065:
1504:
1388:
372:
have been lost, conditioning a low rising tone on the following vowel. There are contrasting dental (
275:
412:
2286:
1050:
613:
Anjum, Uzma; Rehman, Khawaja (2015). "A First Look at
Mankiyali Language: An Endangered Language".
77:
3019:
2843:
2494:
2363:
1639:
1433:
1260:
788:
635:
426:
326:
is of recent origin, having been coined by members of the community to replace the older terms
82:
3014:
2634:
2619:
2547:
2164:
1977:
1463:
1428:
1423:
1255:
768:
622:
338:
678:
663:
3096:
3056:
2938:
2452:
2427:
2296:
2266:
2123:
1903:
1893:
1703:
1282:
714:
87:
8:
3009:
2863:
2768:
2499:
2306:
2027:
2012:
1944:
1918:
1908:
1833:
1550:
1340:
1267:
1250:
995:
825:
440:
263:
97:
2735:
2311:
2224:
2189:
1961:
1479:
1217:
835:
830:
365:
271:
42:
364:
Mankiyali has been influenced by Hindko and Gojri, particularly in the development of
149:
3136:
3126:
3106:
2996:
2991:
2758:
2667:
2614:
2571:
2565:
2504:
2318:
1987:
1956:
1934:
1898:
1740:
1698:
1603:
1545:
1310:
1242:
1230:
1139:
1060:
1040:
962:
887:
804:
737:
650:
540:, 41% with Gowro, 42% with Bateri, 39% with Hazara Gojri and 36% with Sherpur Hindko.
283:
38:
2348:
2334:
603:
3101:
3036:
2971:
2933:
2921:
2906:
2901:
2878:
2853:
2848:
2798:
2748:
2705:
2687:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2642:
2422:
2412:
2358:
2291:
2194:
2169:
2159:
2138:
2133:
2108:
2047:
1939:
1913:
1876:
1871:
1825:
1771:
1724:
1683:
1634:
1579:
1540:
1489:
1408:
1378:
1325:
1315:
1176:
1171:
1163:
1149:
1099:
1055:
967:
773:
722:
358:
267:
92:
318:. The language is still being passed on to the next generation, but overall it is
3076:
3066:
3046:
3041:
3031:
3026:
2986:
2981:
2916:
2911:
2868:
2858:
2833:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2788:
2783:
2763:
2753:
2710:
2647:
2624:
2609:
2467:
2301:
2256:
2143:
2113:
2070:
2022:
1982:
1888:
1838:
1809:
1787:
1719:
1629:
1589:
1555:
1499:
1494:
1453:
1438:
1418:
1413:
1403:
1393:
1383:
1355:
1345:
1335:
1330:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1272:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1144:
1065:
990:
946:
902:
897:
882:
877:
820:
783:
778:
626:
369:
354:
342:
307:
69:
2976:
2966:
2891:
2886:
2823:
2773:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2695:
2604:
2477:
2219:
2128:
2060:
2055:
2037:
2017:
1804:
1797:
1766:
1660:
1608:
1448:
1443:
1398:
1373:
1365:
1320:
1290:
1235:
1111:
1020:
985:
977:
941:
892:
758:
536:, pp. 179–81. The lexical similarity percentages are as follows: 34% with
350:
319:
3151:
3001:
2462:
2118:
2032:
2007:
1792:
1134:
1035:
654:
400:
315:
279:
241:
228:
2961:
2596:
2457:
1225:
133:
3051:
2793:
1535:
1350:
856:
286:. There are also some speakers scattered in the neighbouring villages of
2516:
2743:
2700:
1644:
1613:
1584:
683:
405:
381:
2434:
2343:
2323:
1015:
1010:
742:
142:
126:
2472:
2214:
1565:
1030:
1025:
1005:
763:
459:
2677:
2406:
2277:
1750:
1484:
1000:
3116:
2896:
2838:
2828:
2778:
2672:
1745:
1594:
1569:
1129:
1121:
1045:
936:
861:
567:
555:
537:
503:
3130:
2953:
1560:
1458:
579:
346:
481:
479:
455:"A First Look at Mankiyali Language: An Endangered Language"
3071:
2561:
2261:
1574:
306:. The whole community has been reported to be bilingual in
608:(PhD). National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad.
543:
427:"The Languages of Northern Pakistan – Criterion Quarterly"
2353:
634:
Anjum, Uzma; Kiani, Zafeer
Hussain; Khan, Qaisar (2018).
476:
664:
Request for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code 2017-028
491:
515:
349:, and a slightly higher percentage (41–42%) with
3149:
633:
2532:
699:
612:
585:
573:
561:
549:
533:
509:
485:
2539:
2525:
706:
692:
357:– two languages of the Kohistani group of
2546:
713:
441:"Dardic languages – RASHID AHMED GABARO"
16:Indo-Aryan language of northern Pakistan
3150:
661:
521:
334:, which are now seen as stigmatising.
2520:
687:
601:
497:
643:Kashmir Journal of Language Research
13:
394:
14:
3174:
671:
200:
170:
2409:(unknown further classification)
411:
199:
192:
169:
162:
3163:Languages of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
595:
527:
312:language of wider communication
615:Journal of Asian Civilizations
467:
447:
433:
419:
213:Show map of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
1:
387:
7:
679:Mankiyali Language Resource
10:
3179:
3089:
2952:
2877:
2734:
2686:
2633:
2595:
2580:
2554:
2486:
2443:
2399:
2376:
2332:
2275:
2249:
2240:
2207:
2182:
2152:
2101:
2090:
2083:
2046:
2000:
1970:
1927:
1864:
1853:
1818:
1780:
1759:
1733:
1712:
1691:
1682:
1673:
1653:
1622:
1528:
1519:
1472:
1364:
1281:
1216:
1209:
1162:
1120:
1092:
1085:
1078:
976:
955:
929:
920:
870:
849:
813:
797:
751:
730:
721:
278:(or Dana) located in the
222:
156:
140:
124:
119:
66:
56:
48:
34:
26:
21:
2287:Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit
3112:Pakistani Sign Language
586:Anjum & Rehman 2015
574:Anjum & Rehman 2015
562:Anjum & Rehman 2015
550:Anjum & Rehman 2015
534:Anjum & Rehman 2015
510:Anjum & Rehman 2015
486:Anjum & Rehman 2015
2495:Indo-Iranian languages
662:Munshi, Sadaf (2017).
242:34.48222°N 72.951472°E
2548:Languages of Pakistan
2165:Maharashtrian Konkani
339:mutually intelligible
270:sub branch spoken in
3097:Indo-Aryan languages
2453:Andaman Creole Hindi
1884:Bishnupriya Manipuri
1704:Caribbean Hindustani
715:Indo-Aryan languages
602:Anjum, Uzma (2016).
576:, pp. 182, 185.
564:, pp. 181, 185.
512:, pp. 177, 179.
183:Show map of Pakistan
2586:administrative unit
2500:Nuristani languages
2232:Mitanni superstrate
841:Wotapuri-Katarqalai
264:Indo-Aryan language
247:34.48222; 72.951472
238: /
2736:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
2555:Official languages
2386:Proto-Indo-Iranian
2267:Early Ardhamagadhi
588:, pp. 182–83.
272:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
43:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
3145:
3144:
3085:
3084:
2514:
2513:
2505:Iranian languages
2372:
2371:
2292:Dramatic Prakrits
2203:
2202:
2178:
2177:
2079:
2078:
1996:
1995:
1952:Rajbanshi (Nepal)
1849:
1848:
1669:
1668:
1515:
1514:
1505:list of languages
1205:
1204:
1158:
1157:
1074:
1073:
916:
915:
409:(24th ed., 2021)
337:Mankiyali is not
284:Mansehra District
282:union council of
262:is an endangered
257:
256:
39:Mansehra District
3170:
3158:Dardic languages
3107:Iranic languages
3102:Dardic languages
2917:Pothwari Punjabi
2688:Gilgit-Baltistan
2593:
2592:
2589:
2541:
2534:
2527:
2518:
2517:
2391:Proto-Indo-Aryan
2247:
2246:
2170:Canarese Konkani
2099:
2098:
2088:
2087:
1862:
1861:
1689:
1688:
1680:
1679:
1526:
1525:
1214:
1213:
1090:
1089:
1083:
1082:
927:
926:
728:
727:
708:
701:
694:
685:
684:
667:
658:
640:
630:
609:
589:
583:
577:
571:
565:
559:
553:
547:
541:
531:
525:
519:
513:
507:
501:
495:
489:
483:
474:
471:
465:
464:
451:
445:
444:
437:
431:
430:
423:
417:
416:
415:
398:
379:
375:
370:voiced aspirates
253:
252:
250:
249:
248:
243:
239:
236:
235:
234:
231:
214:
203:
202:
196:
184:
173:
172:
166:
152:
136:
129:
72:
19:
18:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3141:
3127:Pakistani Hindi
3081:
2948:
2873:
2814:Kohistani Shina
2784:Indus Kohistani
2730:
2682:
2629:
2625:Pahari-Pothwari
2583:
2582:
2581:Other languages
2576:
2550:
2545:
2515:
2510:
2509:
2482:
2445:
2439:
2395:
2378:
2368:
2328:
2271:
2257:Ashokan Prakrit
2236:
2199:
2174:
2148:
2093:
2075:
2042:
1992:
1966:
1923:
1856:
1845:
1814:
1776:
1755:
1729:
1708:
1665:
1649:
1618:
1590:Hyderabadi Urdu
1511:
1468:
1360:
1277:
1201:
1154:
1145:Pahari-Pothwari
1116:
1070:
1051:Pahari Kinnauri
972:
951:
912:
878:Indus Kohistani
871:Hazara Division
866:
845:
809:
793:
747:
717:
712:
674:
638:
598:
593:
592:
584:
580:
572:
568:
560:
556:
548:
544:
532:
528:
520:
516:
508:
504:
500:, pp. 2–3.
496:
492:
484:
477:
472:
468:
453:
452:
448:
439:
438:
434:
425:
424:
420:
410:
399:
395:
390:
376:) and palatal (
316:the Hazara area
246:
244:
240:
237:
232:
229:
227:
225:
224:
218:
217:
216:
215:
212:
211:
210:
209:
208:
204:
187:
186:
185:
182:
181:
180:
179:
178:
174:
148:
132:
125:
115:
73:
70:Language family
68:
62:500 (2016)
59:
58:Native speakers
17:
12:
11:
5:
3176:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3093:
3091:
3090:Related topics
3087:
3086:
3083:
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2989:
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2209:
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2186:
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2179:
2176:
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2167:
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2147:
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2015:
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2002:
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1265:
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1253:
1245:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1236:Lisan ud-Dawat
1228:
1222:
1220:
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1207:
1206:
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1202:
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1199:
1194:
1189:
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1179:
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1114:
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1107:
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1094:
1087:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1069:
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1063:
1058:
1053:
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1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
982:
980:
974:
973:
971:
970:
965:
959:
957:
953:
952:
950:
949:
944:
939:
933:
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621:(1): 177–90.
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366:phonemic tone
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320:losing ground
317:
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223:Coordinates:
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40:
37:
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25:
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2818:
2620:Kundal Shahi
2597:Azad Kashmir
2458:Bombay Hindi
2400:Unclassified
2297:Ardhamagadhi
2124:Berar Deccan
1978:Chittagonian
1971:Chittagonian
1464:Vaagri Booli
1429:Pauri Bareli
1424:Palya Bareli
1389:Dhodia–Kukna
1079:Northwestern
907:
769:Kundal Shahi
646:
642:
618:
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596:Bibliography
581:
569:
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505:
493:
473:Pronounced .
469:
458:
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435:
421:
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396:
363:
336:
331:
327:
323:
259:
258:
233:72°57′05.3″E
141:
102:
83:Indo-Iranian
2794:Kalasha-mun
2635:Balochistan
2446:and creoles
2428:Lahul Lohar
2307:Maharashtri
1904:Mal Paharia
1894:Kharia Thar
1536:Braj Bhasha
522:Munshi 2017
245: /
3152:Categories
3057:Rajasthani
2939:Rajasthani
2769:Gawar-Bati
2744:Burushaski
2701:Burushaski
2349:Apabhraṃśa
2335:Apabhraṃśa
2312:Shauraseni
2028:Bodo Parja
2013:Sambalpuri
1945:Goalpariya
1919:Tanchangya
1909:Noakhailla
1834:Bote-Darai
1645:Fiji Hindi
1614:Sadhukkadi
1585:Judeo-Urdu
1551:Hindustani
1341:Shekhawati
1283:Rajasthani
1268:Saurashtra
996:Bhadarwahi
826:Gawar-Bati
627:1816873650
498:Anjum 2016
406:Ethnologue
388:References
382:affricates
230:34°28′56″N
88:Indo-Aryan
2819:Mankiyali
2435:Sheikhgal
2379:languages
2344:Abahattha
2324:Paishachi
2225:Classical
2190:Maldivian
1962:Surjapuri
1928:Kamarupic
1830:Kuswaric
1692:Bhojpuric
1480:Khandeshi
1016:Chambeali
1011:Bilaspuri
908:Mankiyali
836:Shumashti
831:Nangalami
743:Kishtwari
666:(Report).
655:1028-6640
401:Mankiyali
378:/tʃ//tʃʰ/
324:Mankiyali
296:Arghaniya
260:Mankiyali
207:Mankiyali
177:Mankiyali
143:Glottolog
127:ISO 639-3
103:Mankiyali
98:Kohistani
49:Ethnicity
22:Mankiyali
3137:Chagatai
3020:Wadiyara
2997:Jandavra
2992:Gujarati
2927:dialects
2849:Shekhani
2759:Chilisso
2668:Khetrani
2658:Hazaragi
2615:Kashmiri
2566:national
2491:See also
2473:Nefamese
2468:Nagamese
2359:Kamarupi
2319:Gāndhārī
2276:Middle (
2215:Sanskrit
2153:Konkanic
2102:Marathic
2092:Marathi–
2084:Southern
1988:Rohingya
1957:Rangpuri
1935:Assamese
1899:Kurmukar
1877:dialects
1857:Kamarupa
1741:Maithili
1734:Maithili
1699:Bhojpuri
1604:Kannauji
1566:Hinglish
1546:Haryanvi
1311:Dhundari
1261:Wadiyara
1243:Jandavra
1231:Gujarati
1218:Gujarati
1140:Khetrani
1105:dialects
1061:Sirmauri
1041:Jaunsari
1031:Mandeali
1026:Pangwali
1006:Bhateali
963:Garhwali
922:Northern
888:Chilisso
764:Brokskat
738:Kashmiri
731:Kashmiri
623:ProQuest
460:ProQuest
332:Tarawari
328:Tarawara
300:Chamrasi
150:mank1256
30:Pakistan
3122:Persian
3037:Marwari
3015:Parkari
2972:Bengali
2934:Saraiki
2922:Punjabi
2907:Marwari
2902:Kabutra
2854:Torwali
2804:Kamviri
2799:Kalkoti
2749:Badeshi
2706:Dawoodi
2678:Wanetsi
2663:Jadgali
2653:Dehwari
2643:Balochi
2572:English
2444:Pidgins
2423:Chinali
2413:Bazigar
2407:Badeshi
2302:Magadhi
2278:Prakrit
2195:Sinhala
2183:Insular
2160:Konkani
2139:Katkari
2134:Phudagi
2114:Varhadi
2109:Marathi
2094:Konkani
2066:Bhunjia
1940:Kamrupi
1914:Sylheti
1872:Bengali
1865:Bengali
1826:Kumhali
1793:Kochila
1781:Tharuic
1772:Kurmali
1760:Sadanic
1751:Bajjika
1725:Khortha
1675:Eastern
1635:Bagheli
1623:Eastern
1580:Deccani
1556:Kauravi
1541:Bundeli
1529:Western
1521:Central
1490:Dawoodi
1485:Lambadi
1409:Bhilori
1379:Bhilali
1326:Marwari
1316:Harauti
1256:Parkari
1210:Western
1177:Kholosi
1172:Jadgali
1150:Saraiki
1100:Punjabi
1093:Eastern
1086:Punjabi
1056:Hinduri
1001:Churahi
978:Western
968:Kumaoni
956:Central
930:Eastern
857:Kalasha
850:Chitral
805:Pashayi
798:Pashayi
774:Kalkoti
304:Shoshni
266:of the
52:Trawara
3117:Arabic
3077:Vaghri
3067:Sindhi
3062:Rangri
3047:Mewari
3042:Memoni
3032:Loarki
3027:Kutchi
2987:Goaria
2982:Dhatki
2944:Rangri
2912:Mewari
2897:Hindko
2879:Punjab
2869:Yidgha
2859:Ushoji
2839:Pashto
2834:Palula
2829:Ormuri
2809:Khowar
2789:Kalami
2779:Hindko
2764:Dameli
2754:Bateri
2711:Khowar
2673:Pashto
2648:Brahui
2610:Gujari
2377:Proto-
2333:Late (
2242:Middle
2144:Kadodi
2071:Nahari
2048:Halbic
2023:Bhatri
1983:Chakma
1889:Hajong
1855:Gauda–
1839:Danwar
1819:Others
1810:Musasa
1746:Angika
1720:Magahi
1713:Magahi
1684:Bihari
1654:Others
1630:Awadhi
1595:Rekhta
1570:Urdish
1500:Romani
1495:Domari
1473:Others
1454:Vasavi
1439:Pardhi
1419:Magari
1414:Mawchi
1404:Bauria
1394:Dhanki
1384:Chodri
1356:Nimadi
1346:Dhatki
1336:Mewari
1331:Mewati
1306:Gujari
1301:Loarki
1296:Goaria
1273:Vaghri
1197:Sindhi
1192:Memoni
1187:Luwati
1182:Kutchi
1164:Sindhi
1130:Hindko
1122:Lahnda
1066:Sarazi
1046:Kullui
991:Kangri
947:Nepali
937:Doteli
903:Tirahi
898:Kalami
883:Bateri
862:Khowar
821:Dameli
784:Palula
779:Ushoji
723:Dardic
653:
625:
538:Ushojo
359:Dardic
355:Bateri
343:Hindko
310:, the
308:Hindko
292:Guldar
288:Damaka
268:Dardic
93:Dardic
35:Region
3131:Hindi
3010:Kachi
3006:Koli
2977:Bhaya
2967:Bagri
2954:Sindh
2892:Dogri
2887:Bagri
2864:Wazir
2824:Munji
2774:Gowro
2726:Wakhi
2721:Shina
2716:Purgi
2696:Balti
2605:Dogri
2478:Vedda
2250:Early
2220:Vedic
2129:Varli
2061:Kamar
2056:Halbi
2038:Kupia
2018:Desia
1805:Majhi
1798:Buksa
1788:Tharu
1767:Sadri
1661:Parya
1609:Sansi
1561:Hindi
1459:Wagdi
1449:Kalto
1444:Gamit
1399:Dubli
1374:Bhili
1321:Malvi
1291:Bagri
1251:Kachi
1247:Koli
1112:Sansi
1021:Gaddi
986:Dogri
942:Jumli
893:Gowro
814:Kunar
759:Shina
752:Shina
639:(PDF)
351:Gowro
347:Gojri
276:Danna
3072:Urdu
3002:Jogi
2844:Sawi
2584:(by
2562:Urdu
2262:Pāli
2119:Andh
2033:Reli
2008:Odia
2001:Odia
1575:Urdu
1366:Bhil
1135:Inku
789:Sawi
651:ISSN
374:/ts/
353:and
345:and
330:and
302:and
2962:Aer
2354:Elu
2208:Old
1226:Aer
403:at
314:in
134:nlm
3154::
3052:Od
1351:Od
647:21
645:.
641:.
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617:.
478:^
457:.
384:.
380:)
298:,
294:,
290:,
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2540:e
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629:.
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443:.
429:.
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