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mistrusts him and does not believe his declarations of love. Even so, Henry proposes and Fanny is pressured by her uncle to accept the offer; she disappoints the family by refusing. Angry, Sir Thomas gives Fanny an ultimatum: accept Henry's proposal of marriage or be sent back to her poor family and experience the difference in comfort. Fanny looks to Edmund for support, but his silence forces her to choose the latter. Several days after her return home, Henry pays a visit to convince Fanny that his affections for her are genuine. Although she looks more favourably on him, Fanny continues to cling to her feelings for Edmund and rejects Henry. Only when a letter from Edmund arrives which discloses his hopes of marrying Mary does Fanny accept Henry's offer. However, Fanny takes back her acceptance the next day. Henry leaves, hurt and angry. Later Edmund arrives to take Fanny back to
Mansfield Park to help care for Tom, who has fallen seriously ill and is near death. Edmund confesses he has missed Fanny.
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stifle the repercussions. She suggests that, after a divorce, Maria would marry Henry while Edmund would marry Mary; together they might re-introduce Henry and Maria back into society by throwing parties. Fanny questions how Mary, as a clergyman's wife, could afford lavish parties, and Mary shocks everyone by stating that if Tom dies, Edmund will be heir to the family's fortune. Edmund is appalled and tells Mary that cheerfully condemning Tom to death whilst she plans to spend his money sends a chill to his heart. Having betrayed her true nature to the
Bertram family, Mary leaves their company.
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375:, relatives of the local clergyman. Worldly, cynical and beautiful, Mary and Henry arrive looking for amusement. Edmund is instantly smitten with Mary, somewhat ignoring and hurting Fanny. Maria and Julia both vie for Henry's affections, even though Maria is already engaged to Mr Rushworth. Later, Tom returns from Antigua, arriving drunk and bringing a friend, Mr Yates, with him. Yates and Tom convince the Bertrams and Crawfords to stage the risqué play
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provide a fresh view.' Paula Byrne commends Rozema for an audacious film "that eschews the heritage-style whimsy of the conventional period drama". She argues that in its deployment of feminist, gender and post-colonial themes, it recognises the contribution of more recent academic literary criticism of Austen's works, and "provides a fascinating shadow story to this most complex of novels".
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that both Austen and Fanny share enlightened attitudes towards gender, class and race. In the novel, it is the hard-working, ill-educated lower-class Price children who are the victors. Fanny alone resists the power of the landed gentry, defying both the awesome patriarch, Sir Thomas
Bertram, and the manipulative seducer, Henry Crawford.
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moral message of Austen's novel, making the story a critique of slavery rather than, as some critics understand it, a conservative critique. While in the novel Fanny's passivity and moral stance are represented as virtues, these aspects of her character are altered in the film. The exception is in the staging of
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proposals, whereas in the film, Fanny accepts, then repudiates, Henry
Crawford's offer of marriage, and her family has full knowledge of it. (This is taken from Austen's own history when she accepted a proposal of marriage from a man she had known since childhood, only to retract her acceptance the next day).
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Dr. Grant, and his wife, the
Crawfords' half-sister Mrs. Grant, do not feature in the film. Fanny's close relationship with her brother William in the book is mostly replaced in the film by her relationship with her younger sister Susan, with whom, in the novel, Fanny does not develop a relationship
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to Sir Thomas and is not answered. The film includes slavery as a central plot point, including explicit descriptions of the treatment of slaves (e.g. Fanny finds violent drawings of the treatment of slaves in Tom's room) and numerous reminders of how the
Bertram family's wealth is built on slavery.
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Fanny's banishment to
Portsmouth is characterised as a punishment by a vengeful Sir Thomas rather than as a much more subtle and manipulative ploy expressed partly as a respite from stress following Henry Crawford's unwelcome attentions. In the novel, Fanny is never tempted to accept Mr. Crawford's
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Edmund ultimately declares his love for Fanny, and they marry. Sir Thomas gives up his plantation in
Antigua and invests instead in tobacco, while Tom recovers from his illness. Fanny's sister Susie joins them at the Bertram household while Maria and Aunt Norris take up residence in a small cottage
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In the novel, Fanny remains at
Portsmouth for several months, whereas in the film she returns to Mansfield Park much earlier in order to nurse Tom Bertram back to health. This makes her witness to the events that follow. In the film, Maria's adulterous liaison with Mr. Crawford occurs at Mansfield
682:. As well, the character of Sir Thomas is portrayed in a much more negative light. In the book, Sir Thomas is much more caring, principled, and remorseful of the way his daughters were raised. Also in the book, Tom Bertram gains sense after his illness, and ceases to live a careless, selfish life.
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Monaghan takes issue with Rozema's depiction of Fanny's 'enlightened attitudes towards issues of gender, class and race'. He sees this as trendy liberal humanism that seeks to make the awkward heroine more acceptable to a modern audience. This view is considered enigmatic by some as others assert
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was that after the ships had transported the enslaved captives from Africa to the
Caribbean, they would return to Europe loaded only with sugar and tobacco. Then, leaving Europe, they would return to Africa, loaded with manufactured goods. A parallel is drawn between Fanny's role as a woman and a
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in several ways. The film changes some central characters, eliminates several others, and reorganises certain events. The result is a film that retains the core of character evolution and events of Austen's novel, but in other ways, stresses its themes and ideas differently. The plot changes the
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Henry gains Maria's pity when she learns of Fanny's refusal of his marriage proposal and they are found in bed together by Fanny and Edmund. Shocked, Fanny is comforted by Edmund and the two nearly kiss, but Edmund pulls away. News of the scandal spreads rapidly and Mary quickly devises a plan to
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Maria marries Rushworth, esteeming his fortune above his character. Henry decides to pursue Fanny as a means to amuse himself. However, Fanny's gentle and kind nature gradually captures his fancy, and Henry becomes emotionally attached to her. After his behaviour towards the Bertram girls, Fanny
631:'s character in order to update the "annoying" character for a contemporary audience. Rozema's modification of the character of Fanny Price, whom she considered an unpopular heroine, was to add colour and spirit by conflating her with the character of Austen herself, drawing upon her extensive
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David Monaghan argues that viewers should approach Rozema's Mansfield Park as 'an independent work of art rather than an adaptation of Austen's novel'. Rozema set out her goal firmly, saying that Mansfield Park was not a Jane Austen film: 'It's a Patricia Rozema film. My job as an artist is to
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In addition, the film version of Fanny is portrayed as a writer from her childhood into her adulthood at Mansfield Park. These character traits are incorporated directly from the life of Jane Austen – some of Fanny's writings are actually Austen's, including the "History of England".
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In the novel, the revelation of Maria's adulterous affair, including Mary's casual attitude towards it, occurs through letters (including from Mary to Fanny) and from later reported conversations; in the film the affair is carried on at Mansfield Park in full view of the family.
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and letters. In the novel, Fanny is very shy and timid, and generally reluctant to give her own opinion. Her physical condition is frail, making her tire easily. In the film, in contrast, Fanny is extroverted, self-confident, and outspoken, while also being physically healthier.
38:
381:, a play that allows the young people to openly flirt with each other. Edmund initially speaks out against the play but changes his mind when he is offered a part that allows him to act out intimate scenes with Mary. Sir Thomas arrives home and in anger immediately stops the
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Tom Bertram's return from Antigua is motivated by his disgust with what he has seen there, and this disgust is reinforced by a sketchbook journal that Fanny finds at Mansfield Park recounting apparently criminal events occurring in Antigua that involve Sir Thomas.
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wrote: "Grafting incidents gleaned from Jane Austen's journals and letters onto the story of the author's third novel, Rozema captures the writer's combination of prickly wit and hopeless romanticism as few filmmakers have. ... You may be able to see
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and Julia, as well as Fanny's other maternal aunt, Mrs Norris. Fanny does not feel welcome, and Mrs Norris treats her more like a servant than a relative. Edmund behaves kindly to her and the two develop a friendship that grows as the years progress.
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claimed the "lesbian frisson" was "definitely in the book," arising from Miss Crawford's worldly character, though admitted she chose Mansfield Park because she "knew she could indulge herself in a couple of scenes."
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gave it a four-star review, saying, "This is an uncommonly intelligent film, smart and amusing too, and anyone who thinks it is not faithful to Austen doesn't know the author but only her plots."
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reports that 77% of critics gave the film a positive review based on 69 reviews, with an average score of 6.9/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Solid performances, bold direction." On
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In the novel, the shock to the Mansfield family is increased by Julia Bertram's elopement with Mr Yates; in the film Julia remains at home, later receiving a love letter from Mr Yates.
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also gave the film a positive review, dubbing it as "a handsome and forceful piece of work" and praising O'Connor's ability to display the "quiet battle of emotions in Fanny."
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criticised Rozema for adding in this scene, not in the book, concerning the part where Fanny hears terrible cries from a ship off the coast and is told it is a
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At the end of the film a voiceover also informs the viewer that Sir Thomas has divested himself of his estates in Antigua, presumably as a form of redemption.
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s ending coming from a mile away, but it's so beautifully constructed and dramatically satisfying when it arrives that you probably won't mind at all."
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This adaptation modernises the chaste, virtuous story by including several references to sexuality. The first instance, Fanny's discovery of Maria and
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in clandestine sexual activity during a rehearsal of Lover's Vows, is not included in the book, where the flirtation is far more subtle. Secondly,
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bringing in its human cargo to Portsmouth. Windschuttle notes that slaves were never brought to British shores. The essence of the
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is sent to live with her wealthy uncle and aunt, Sir Thomas and Lady Bertram. Once at Mansfield Park, Fanny meets her cousins Tom,
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The role and influence of slavery in the world of Mansfield Park is emphasized from the start of the film. Fanny sees a
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729:, which assigns a rating out of 100 based on reviews from critics, the film has a score of 71 based on 31 reviews.
660:'s frequent sensual touches and lingering gazes on Fanny convey a homoerotic tension with little textual support.
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employs "a collage or prismatic-like approach" in her adaptation of Fanny's character, incorporating elements of
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on several occasions but does not elaborate on it. Most notably, in the novel, Fanny asks a question about the
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near the coast on her initial journey to the family, asks her coachman about it and receives an explanation.
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Park instead of in London; in the novel, Maria leaves her husband's London house to run away with Crawford.
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It opened in the UK in 76 cinemas on 31 March 2000 and grossed £103,266 in its opening weekend.
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1029:"Possessing Jane Austen: Fidelity, Authorship, and Patricia Rozema's Mansfield Park (1999)"
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The Genius of Jane Austen: Her Love of Theatre and Why She Is a Hit in Hollywood
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has received generally favourable reviews from critics. Film review aggregator
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905:"Austen vs. Rozema: Slavery In Mansfield Park 1999 – Silhouette Magazine"
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Charlestown harbour doubled as the Portsmouth home of the Price family
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When Fanny is eighteen, Sir Thomas and his eldest son Tom travel to
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poor relative in the Bertram family, and the role of the enslaved.
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plantations. The majority of the film was filmed on location at
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is incorporated into the film, as are the issues of slavery and
872:, by Shannon Hards, 19 September 2018, retrieved 15 August 2021
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Run mad, but do not faint: The Authentic Audacity of Rozema's
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This article is about the 1999 film. For the 2007 film, see
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Mansfield Park § Does Mansfield Park endorse slavery?
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Kirby Hall in Northamptonshire doubled as Mansfield Park
1151:"Mansfield Park Movie Review & Film Summary (1999)"
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1222:Time Out New York, 18–25 November 1999, p. 121.
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1232:"International box office: UK/Ireland".
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1720:English-language historical drama films
1326:: Patricia Rozema's Spin on Jane Austen
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1064:from the original on 30 September 2018
1009:from the original on 10 September 2015
842:from the original on 15 September 2016
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1188:"Movie Review: Mansfield Park (1999)"
1186:Gleiberman, Owen (19 November 1999).
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1100:from the original on 12 December 2016
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915:from the original on 15 March 2018
894:. ch.11, HarperCollins, Kindle ed.
838:. Nash Information Services, LLC.
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1650:Films directed by Patricia Rozema
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1149:Ebert, Roger (24 November 1999).
952:from the original on 4 April 2018
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1675:British historical romance films
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1001:Windschuttle, Keith (May 2000).
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1376:I've Heard the Mermaids Singing
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1310:on Patricia Rozema.com (1999)
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462:as Lady Bertram and Mrs Price
397:removed from Mansfield Park.
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1660:Films set in country houses
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204:The Arts Council of England
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669:Other character changes
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1317:on Patricia Rozema.com
1300:on Patricia Rozema.com
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313:novel of the same name
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1400:When Night Is Falling
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1005:. The New Criterion.
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553:when Fanny abstains.
456:as Sir Thomas Bertram
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331:in Northamptonshire.
252: (United Kingdom)
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1235:Screen International
1193:Entertainment Weekly
1060:. 17 November 1999.
942:"Nora Foster Stovel"
810:on 25 September 2020
748:Entertainment Weekly
678:until her return to
520:Hannah Taylor-Gordon
241: (United States)
1710:1990s British films
1303:Claudia L. Johnson
1293:Claudia L. Johnson
1204:on 24 December 2013
909:Silhouette Magazine
890:Byrne, Paula (2017)
1416:This Might Be Good
1362:Films directed by
1054:"Womansfield Park"
972:"Kathi Groenendyk"
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550:Lovers' Vows
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502:Hilton McRae
485:Mr Rushworth
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261:Running time
171:Martin Walsh
86:Sarah Curtis
69:
25:
1524:Tom Bertram
1504:Fanny Price
1484:Jane Austen
1208:23 December
1171:23 December
846:15 November
835:The Numbers
814:27 December
733:Roger Ebert
629:Jane Austen
616:Fanny Price
573:slave trade
538:Jane Austen
504:as Mr Price
498:as Mr Yates
490:Sheila Gish
412:Fanny Price
341:Fanny Price
325:West Indian
321:Jane Austen
309:Jane Austen
289:$ 4,764,741
265:112 minutes
128:Sheila Gish
83:Produced by
77:Jane Austen
48:Directed by
1620:1999 films
1614:Categories
1570:Miniseries
1497:Characters
1440:Mouthpiece
1392:Desperanto
1384:White Room
1124:Metacritic
783:References
775:Box office
727:Metacritic
680:Portsmouth
614:See also:
592:slave ship
581:slave ship
561:See also:
383:rehearsals
329:Kirby Hall
286:Box office
248:2000-03-31
237:1999-11-19
188:Production
976:jasna.org
946:jasna.org
714:Reception
633:juvenilia
516:as Betsey
307:based on
200:BBC Films
190:companies
167:Edited by
1165:Archived
1128:Archived
1098:Archived
1068:14 March
1062:Archived
1038:14 March
1013:30 March
1007:Archived
986:14 March
980:Archived
956:14 March
950:Archived
919:14 March
913:Archived
840:Archived
311:'s 1814
302:romantic
278:Language
177:Music by
91:Starring
66:Based on
1134:5 March
1104:5 March
735:of the
569:slavery
557:Slavery
365:Antigua
281:English
270:Country
246: (
235: (
1600:(2011)
1581:(1983)
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1554:(1999)
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675:parson
662:Rozema
625:Rozema
540:novel
349:Edmund
1589:Opera
1543:Films
769:'
369:Henry
345:Maria
1289:IMDb
1210:2013
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1136:2018
1106:2018
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1058:Xtra
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816:2020
673:The
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401:Cast
371:and
335:Plot
1486:'s
1287:at
1198:CNN
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