174:), an important political figure in being the last Muzaffarid ruler of Fars, Mansur's Anatomy is a medical treatise of about forty manuscript folios. It consists of seven sections: an introduction, five chapters covering the osseous, nervous, muscular, venous, and arterial systems, and an appendix on the formation of the fetus and compound organs, such as the heart. Instead of discussing interrelated functions of organs, he discussed organs based on their hierarchical ordering of functionality-related groups according to their importance to the life of the body. In this manner he discussed the anatomy of the vital and respiratory organs, and then the anatomy of the organs of nourishment, perception, and finally, reproduction. A concluding section on compound organs, such as the heart and brain, and on the formation of the fetus, was illustrated with a diagram showing a pregnant woman. Mansur's Anatomy is chiefly recognized for its inclusion of such colored anatomical illustrations, the first of its kind in the Arabic world.
182:, which needs to be contained or it will decompose. The containment of the pneuma is within the heart, creating the body and making the heart the main source of the body’s natural heat. The heart also acts as the main force in forming the other organs; using the heat from the heart, the heart is able to provide the rest of the body with nourishment. This marks the start of the formation of the liver, which holds the source of nourishment within it. Lastly, Mansur argued that the brain is the organ that contains the senses, and these senses are what gives life force to the body. If the brain is formed first, like Hippocrates said, then there is nothing for the brain to give life to. The heart needs to be formed before the brain, so that the brain can give its life force to the rest of the body. Throughout his works, Mansur made references to the works of
17:
71:
in central Persia, in what is modern day Shiraz, Iran. He was born into a wealthy and well respected family. Mansur received most of his education from his family in Shiraz, who were also well established scholars, physicians, and active as jurists and poets. He was educated in traditional schools in
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Physicians and philosophers often argued whether the heart or brain was formed first in the fetus, and this debate forms an important part of Mansur ibn Ilyas' written works. In his works, Mansur ibn Ilyas argues that the heart is the first organ to form, unlike
Hippocrates who argued that the brain
223:
While Mansur's
Anatomy was not the first notation of the human body, it is considered to be the first color atlas ever created. This document led to a great deal of change in the way the Islamic world viewed human anatomy at the time, as until this point a color atlas was considered to be against
110:), a system-based anatomical work complete with colored illustrations of different organ systems. He dedicated both of his major medical writings, a general medical encyclopedia, and a study of anatomy to rulers of the Persian province of Fars, Prince Pir Mohammad Bahador Khan, the grandson of
224:
Islamic law. Mansur ibn Ilyas is also credited with one of the earliest anatomical sketches of a pregnant woman; while many believe his other illustrations to have been inspired by earlier Latin and Greek writings, the pregnant woman is considered an original work.
368:
Fateme
Keshavarz, A Descriptive and Analytical Catalogue of Persian Manuscripts in the Library of the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine (London: Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine, 1986), pp 123–129 and
20:
One of Mansur ibn Ilyas' colored illustrations of human anatomy. This illustration highlights the arterial and nervous systems as viewed from behind. From: Mansur ibn Ilyas: Tashrīḥ-i badan-i insān.
253:
Zarshenas, Mohammad M.; Zargaran, Arman; Mehdizadeh, Alireza; Mohagheghzadeh, Abdolali (2016). "Mansur ibn Ilyas (1380-1422 AD): A Persian anatomist and his book of anatomy, Tashrih-i
Mansuri".
365:
Lutz
Richter-Bernburg, Persian Medical Manuscripts at the University of California, Los Angeles: A Descriptive Catalogue, Humana Civilitas, vol. 4 (Malibu: Udena Publications, 1978).
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is the first organ. Mansur ibn Ilyas' reasoning for the heart as the primary organ was that the semen is composed of air and strong heat, creating a substance called
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the
Persian province of Fars and traveled to many other cities, which assisted in his education. Most notably, Mansur traveled several times to the city of
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321:"Islamic Culture and the Medical Arts: Anatomy." U.S National Library of Medicine. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 15 Apr. 1994. Web. 21 Apr. 2015.
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330:: Khalili M, et al, Illustration of the heart and blood vessels in medieval times, Int J Cardiol (2010), doi:10.1016/j. ijcard.2009.11.061
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Khalili M, et al, Illustration of the heart and blood vessels in medieval times, Int J Cardiol (2010), doi:10.1016/j. ijcard.2009.11.061
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C.A. Storey, Persian
Literature: A Bio-Bibliographical Survey. Volume II, Part 2: E.Medicine (London: Royal Asiatic Society, 1971)
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344:. La science dans le monde iranien à l'époque islamique: Tehran: Institut Français de Recherche en Iran. pp. 253–271.
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404:. Selected pages scanned from the original work. Historical Anatomies on the Web. US National Library of Medicine.
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Mansur ibn Ilyas was born in the mid-14th century in the city of Shiraz, located in the providence of
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Tashrīḥ-i Manṣūr-i: Human
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385:. Vol. VIII(1). Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation. pp. 16–20.
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59:" which Mansur could have copied the illustrations from his book.
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76:, which was known for its rich scientific background.
39:) was a late 14th-century and early 15th-century
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36:منصور ابن محمد ابن احمد ابن يوسف ابن الياس
1424:Commentary on Anatomy in Avicenna's Canon
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133:The work he was most known for was his,
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1124:Najm al-Din Mahmud ibn Ilyas al-Shirazi
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55:(1040–1136) published a book called "
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168:) Commissioned by Zayn al-Abidin (
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988:Amin al-Din Rashid al-Din Vatvat
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1536:14th-century Iranian physicians
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1246:Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf
298:"The Treasure of Khvarazm'Shah"
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937:Muhammad ibn Aslam Al-Ghafiqi
559:Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari
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147:The Anatomy of the Human Body
1185:Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Harawi
973:Abraham ben Moses ben Maimon
877:Abu al-Majd ibn Abi al-Hakam
872:Abu al-Bayan ibn al-Mudawwar
725:Mohammed ibn Abdun al-Jabali
630:'Ali ibn al-'Abbas al-Majusi
296:Jurjānī, IsmāʻĪl Ibn Ḥasan.
255:Journal of Medical Biography
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1458:Nur al-Din Bimaristan
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205:(MS P 28, item 4) (
1510:Medical Renaissance
1368:The Book of Healing
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1063:Zakariya al-Qazwini
952:Zayn al-Din Gorgani
594:Salmawaih ibn Bunan
375:"Ebn Elyās, Manṣūr"
302:Library of Congress
1546:People from Shiraz
1448:Al-'Adudi Hospital
1356:Tacuinum Sanitatis
1282:Maqsud-Ali Tabrizi
801:Badi' al-Asturlabi
700:Ibn Abi al-Ashʿath
675:Abu ul-Ala Shirazi
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153:), also known as
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1209:16th century
1158:15th century
1149:Zayn-e-Attar
1108:
1072:14th century
1023:Ibn al-Nafis
961:13th century
860:12th century
841:Ibn al-Wafid
749:11th century
623:10th century
554:Ali al-Ridha
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305:. Retrieved
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261:(1): 67–71.
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171:زین العابدین
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162:تشریح منصوری
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107:تشریح منصوری
100:
99:
96:کفایه منصوری
86:
85:
83:
66:
30:
29:
1382:De Gradibus
1028:Ibn al-Quff
532:9th century
511:8th century
487:Masarjawaih
455:7th century
307:15 December
120:Hippocrates
1530:Categories
1493:Influenced
1467:Influences
1453:Bimarestan
1323:Psychology
1277:Tunakabuni
1190:Nurbakhshi
1089:Ibn Shuayb
1079:Al-Nagawri
1013:Ibn Tumlus
993:As-Suwaydi
978:Al-Dakhwar
917:Ibn Tufayl
912:Ibn Jumay‘
816:Ibn Butlan
705:Ibn Juljul
680:Al-Kaŝkarī
549:Albubather
447:Physicians
240:References
53:al-Jurjani
1389:Al-Tasrif
1129:Nakhshabi
907:Ibn Habal
826:Ibn Jazla
821:Ibn Hindu
771:Al-Biruni
685:Al-Natili
589:Masawaiyh
564:Bukhtishu
544:Al-Ruhawi
518:Bukhtishu
482:Ibn Uthal
472:Bukhtishu
184:Aristotle
116:Aristotle
112:Tamerlane
1484:Ayurveda
1311:Concepts
1104:Jaghmini
1084:Aqsara'i
922:Ibn Zuhr
902:Averroes
897:Avempace
851:Masawaih
796:Avicenna
730:Muvaffak
539:Al-Kindi
369:340-342.
283:43458959
275:26873170
228:See also
192:Avicenna
128:Avicenna
1441:Centers
1417:Al-Hawi
381:(ed.).
211:Mujahid
188:al-Razi
151:MS P 19
124:al-Razi
92:Persian
41:Persian
281:
273:
219:Impact
190:, and
180:pneuma
126:, and
98:), to
74:Tabriz
45:Shiraz
1333:Works
735:Qumri
377:. In
279:S2CID
309:2022
271:PMID
209:for
69:Fars
263:doi
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