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to survive and contains the collective wisdom of the
Kumeyaay. Some popular songs include the Bird Songs and the Eagle Dance. The social structure of the bands included the shiimull, which is an ancestral descent group, that is governed by a hierarchy of kwaaypaays. In 1769, when the Spanish arrived, there were around 50 and 75 shiimull, or bands existed. Each one of these bands included 5 to 15 family groups. Kumeyaay Indians also foraged for flora that they can use and hunt for animals depending on the season. Besides hunting for food, the Kumeyaay also planted trees and fields of grain, squash, beans and corn gathered and grew medicinal herbs and plants, and ate floras like fresh fruits, berries, pine nuts and acorn. They are also known for their basket weaving. The people had sophisticated practices of agriculture, plant and animal husbandry; maintained wild animal stocks, They also built dams and created watersheds that stored groundwater. Another thing was they also controlled erosion and overgrowth.
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community, which includes the tribal chairman, two regular members, and a secretary-treasurer. Leroy J. Elliott was formally their tribal chairperson. Now the current acting
Chairwoman is Angela Elliott Santos. The tribe itself is organized under the IRA constitution that was approved in 1976. Besides the executive council, the tribe also includes a housing community and management offices.
32:
158:
Because the
Manzanita Band is one of the Kumeyaay band of Indians, their culture has everything to do with the Kumeyaays. For example, Kumeyaay customs are passed through generations and they gather in both times of celebration and griefs. Kumeyaay Culture deals a lot with songs. Song showed them how
230:
and is in the
Dieguno Region.The reservation is also 67 miles east of the city San Diego on Interstate 8. Through the authority of the Executive Order of 1891, the reservation was built on 640 acres of reserved land in 1893. In 1907 the reserve land was increased. The reservation is now currently
265:
The
Manzanita Band is headquartered in Boulevard. Members of the Manzanita Band belongs to the Kumeyaay Nation. They are governed by a democratically elected tribal council. All tribal members that are 18 year olders and are on the council. The council then votes for who can be on the executive
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3,579 acres (14.48 km) large with a population of approximately 67-69 and is held in a trust by the U.S. Government which meant the land is still technically owned by the US Government.
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405:, including pre-Columbian/Spanish colonial contact, historical (1776−20th century), & present day Kumeyaay maps + links to high resolution maps. . accessed 12.5.2015
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In the present day there are 13 small
Kumeyaay Indian reservations in San Diego County, California; and 4 Kumiai Indio tribal community ranches in northern
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It was established in 1893. In 1973, 6 out of 69 enrolled members lived on the reservation. The reservation lies adjacent to both the
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Southern
California Tribal Chairman's Association—SCTCA.net: Manzanita Band of the Kumeyaay Nation webpage
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438:"Manzanita Band of the Kumeyaay Nation | Southern California Tribal Chairmen's Association"
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2009:
2004:
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Kumeyaay.info: The
Kumeyaay Tribes Guide — Tribal Bands of the Kumeyaay Nation (Diegueño)
1979:
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499:. Volume ed. Heizer, Robert F. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1978. 610-618.
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The reservation is served by the
Mountain Empire Unified School District.
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1029:
1971:
1177:
768:
762:
567:
128:
Manzanita Band of Diegueño
Mission Indians of the Manzanita Reservation
55:
493:
Shipek, Florence C. "History of Southern California Mission Indians."
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522:
402:
1302:
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135:
101:
110:
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in San Diego County, California + Baja California state, México
105:
480:
A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples.
2014:
2103:
Native American tribes in San Diego County, California
465:
California Indian Country: The Land and the People.
226:. It is within ten miles (16 km) north of the
2093:Federally recognized tribes in the United States
2074:
562:
358:SCTCA.net: Manzanita Band of the Kumeyaay Nation
138:Indians, who are sometimes known as part of the
298:"California Indians and Their Reservations: P."
242:. The nearest off-reservation communities are
16:Native Kumeyaay Indians in Southern California
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1336:
1322:
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30:
467:San Francisco: Tree Company Press, 1992.
154:Southern California Indian Tribal Borders
371:"The Kumeyaay Millennium - Land History"
166:
149:
482:Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
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767:Indian reservations and Rancherías in
425:National Congress of American Indians.
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316:
293:
291:
1317:
733:
536:
2108:Native American tribes in California
403:Kumeyaay.info: Kumeyaay Tribes Guide
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308:SDSU Library and Information Access.
49:Regions with significant populations
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313:
288:
13:
2113:Mountain Empire (San Diego County)
1937:Pauma and Yuima Indian Reservation
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1344:Municipalities and communities of
496:Handbook of North American Indians
14:
2124:
511:
171:Location of Manzanita Reservation
761:
430:
1917:Los Coyotes Indian Reservation
1892:Ewiiaapaayp Indian Reservation
408:
387:
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162:
1:
415:"Tribal Governments by Area."
277:
260:
1897:Inaja and Cosmit Reservation
1347:San Diego County, California
375:www.americanindiansource.com
269:
224:San Diego County, California
84:Traditional tribal religion,
7:
1907:La Jolla Indian Reservation
240:La Posta Indian Reservation
25:of Diegueño Mission Indians
10:
2129:
2088:California Mission Indians
1887:Capitan Grande Reservation
457:
145:
132:federally recognized tribe
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1970:
1942:Rincon Indian Reservation
1865:
1700:
1677:San Diego Country Estates
1492:
1478:
1377:
1358:
1043:
775:
574:
99:
94:
83:
78:
67:
62:
53:
48:
43:
38:
29:
1952:Santa Ysabel Reservation
1882:Campo Indian Reservation
282:
236:Campo Indian Reservation
214:located in the southern
1957:Sycuan Band Reservation
1947:San Pasqual Reservation
1932:Pala Indian Reservation
1927:Mesa Grande Reservation
1547:Casa de Oro-Mount Helix
1537:Camp Pendleton Mainside
427:(retrieved 31 May 2010)
310:(retrieved 31 May 2010)
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1188:Manchester-Point Arena
463:Eargle, Jr., Dolan H.
198:32.75472°N 116.34611°W
172:
155:
1922:Manzanita Reservation
1777:Kentwood-In-The-Pines
1484:
255:Baja California state
177:Manzanita Reservation
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153:
95:Related ethnic groups
2061:United States portal
1912:La Posta Reservation
1902:Jamul Indian Village
1542:Camp Pendleton South
1485:San Diego County map
895:Jamul Indian Village
203:32.75472; -116.34611
44:67 enrolled members
2010:Palm Spring Station
478:Pritzker, Barry M.
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26:
2020:San Felipe Station
1962:Viejas Reservation
1877:Barona Reservation
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212:Indian reservation
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2098:Laguna Mountains
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1807:Palomar Mountain
1667:Rancho San Diego
1572:Eucalyptus Hills
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1370:
1363:
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1338:
1331:
1324:
1315:
1314:
1198:Montgomery Creek
890:Inaja and Cosmit
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765:
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730:
619:Inaja and Cosmit
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27:
21:
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2127:
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2118:
2117:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2060:
2053:
2044:
1966:
1868:
1861:
1703:
1696:
1672:Rancho Santa Fe
1622:Lake San Marcos
1592:Harbison Canyon
1577:Fairbanks Ranch
1517:Borrego Springs
1488:
1476:
1373:
1368:
1361:
1354:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1312:
1307:
1268:Shingle Springs
1039:
945:Pauma and Yuima
779:
771:
760:
758:
728:
723:
714:Torres Martinez
570:
561:
514:
460:
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446:
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436:
435:
431:
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200:
196:
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188:
185:
183:
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140:Mission Indians
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54:United States (
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20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2116:
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1863:
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1859:
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1849:
1844:
1842:Shelter Valley
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1797:Ocotillo Wells
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1752:East Otay Mesa
1749:
1744:
1739:
1737:De Luz Heights
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1708:
1706:
1702:Unincorporated
1698:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1692:Winter Gardens
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
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1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
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1444:
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1429:
1424:
1422:Imperial Beach
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
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1383:
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825:Capitan Grande
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1463:
1460:
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1437:National City
1435:
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1425:
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1238:Roaring Creek
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1103:Chicken Ranch
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955:Quartz Valley
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845:Coyote Valley
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800:Benton Paiute
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790:Agua Caliente
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579:Agua Caliente
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505:0-87474-187-4
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473:0-937401-20-X
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443:
442:www.sctca.net
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393:Pritzker, 146
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343:Pritzker, 147
340:
338:
331:Eargle, 118-9
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28:
1990:Coleman City
1985:Branson City
1921:
1869:reservations
1837:Santa Ysabel
1832:San Luis Rey
1812:Pauma Valley
1772:Jesmond Dene
1637:Mount Laguna
1567:Elfin Forest
1467:Solana Beach
1366:
1118:Cold Springs
990:Santa Ysabel
965:Round Valley
919:
885:Hoopa Valley
865:Fort Bidwell
850:Death Valley
777:Reservations
699:Santa Ysabel
643:
526:
494:
479:
464:
445:. Retrieved
441:
432:
424:
410:
398:
389:
378:. Retrieved
374:
365:
327:
307:
273:
264:
252:
233:
176:
174:
157:
127:
125:
19:Ethnic group
2025:San Pasqual
1980:Banner City
1972:Ghost towns
1727:Casa de Oro
1704:communities
1647:Pine Valley
1432:Lemon Grove
1392:Chula Vista
1362:County seat
1273:Smith River
1263:Sheep Ranch
1248:Rohnerville
1163:Laytonville
1093:Buena Vista
1063:Berry Creek
1000:Smith River
975:San Pasqual
930:Mesa Grande
915:Los Coyotes
875:Fort Mojave
860:Ewiiaapaayp
684:San Pasqual
649:Mesa Grande
639:Los Coyotes
360:, with map.
322:Shipek, 612
201: /
189:116°20′46″W
163:Reservation
2077:Categories
1817:Pine Hills
1457:San Marcos
1293:Upper Lake
1283:Susanville
1258:Santa Rosa
1193:Middletown
1178:Lower Lake
1153:Grindstone
1148:Greenville
1138:Enterprise
1133:Elk Valley
1113:Cloverdale
1098:Cedarville
1083:Big Valley
1073:Big Lagoon
1045:Rancherías
1015:Tule River
985:Santa Ynez
980:Santa Rosa
970:San Manuel
830:Chemehuevi
815:Bridgeport
769:California
694:Santa Ynez
689:Santa Rosa
679:San Manuel
568:California
447:2017-03-16
380:2017-03-16
278:References
261:Government
257:, Mexico.
186:32°45′17″N
56:California
2040:Vallecito
2030:Stonewall
1802:Pala Mesa
1792:Oak Grove
1787:Manzanita
1582:Fallbrook
1527:Boulevard
1452:San Diego
1442:Oceanside
1417:Escondido
1412:Encinitas
1369:San Diego
1233:Resighini
1208:Northfork
1203:Mooretown
1128:Dry Creek
1088:Blue Lake
1078:Big Sandy
995:Sebastian
925:Mendocino
920:Manzanita
910:Lone Pine
880:Fort Yuma
644:Manzanita
614:Cuyapaipe
584:Augustine
270:Education
244:Boulevard
220:Boulevard
63:Languages
2083:Kumeyaay
2035:Stratton
2000:Eastwood
1822:Ranchita
1712:4S Ranch
1632:La Presa
1627:Lakeside
1562:Descanso
1557:Del Dios
1522:Bostonia
1407:El Cajon
1397:Coronado
1387:Carlsbad
1303:XL Ranch
1288:Trinidad
1243:Robinson
1218:Picayune
1213:Paskenta
1068:Big Bend
950:Pechanga
905:La Posta
900:La Jolla
805:Big Pine
782:Colonies
669:Pechanga
634:La Posta
629:La Jolla
599:Cahuilla
418:Archived
301:Archived
238:and the
136:Kumeyaay
104:tribes,
102:Kumeyaay
79:Religion
69:Kumeyaay
2005:Jofegan
1747:Dulzura
1717:Ballena
1657:Rainbow
1652:Potrero
1607:Jacumba
1512:Bonsall
1427:La Mesa
1402:Del Mar
1228:Redding
1173:Lookout
1158:Jackson
1123:Cortina
1053:Alturas
935:Morongo
654:Morongo
594:Cabazon
458:Sources
146:Culture
111:Quechan
73:English
1867:Indian
1857:Wynola
1847:Tecate
1827:Rincon
1767:Guatay
1762:Foster
1742:Dehesa
1732:De Luz
1722:Banner
1662:Ramona
1617:Julian
1507:Bonita
1502:Alpine
1462:Santee
1379:Cities
1298:Wilton
1253:Rumsey
1183:Lytton
1168:Likely
1143:Graton
1058:Auburn
1025:Washoe
1020:Viejas
1005:Sycuan
960:Rincon
840:Colusa
810:Bishop
795:Barona
709:Sycuan
704:Soboba
674:Ramona
589:Barona
503:
486:
471:
119:Kiliwa
115:Paipai
106:Cocopa
100:other
2015:Panhe
1612:Jamul
1552:Crest
1532:Campo
1472:Vista
1447:Poway
1108:Chico
1035:Yurok
1030:Wiyot
1010:Tejon
820:Campo
664:Pauma
624:Jamul
604:Campo
283:Notes
248:Campo
218:near
130:is a
1642:Pala
1494:CDPs
940:Pala
855:Elem
780:and
659:Pala
501:ISBN
484:ISBN
469:ISBN
246:and
175:The
126:The
117:and
566:of
134:of
2079::
1365::
1350:,
525:—
507:.`
440:.
373:.
348:^
336:^
315:^
290:^
250:.
142:.
113:,
71:,
1337:e
1330:t
1323:v
753:e
746:t
739:v
556:e
549:t
542:v
529:.
490:.
475:.
450:.
383:.
179:(
108:,
90:)
58:)
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