Mapuche conflict - Knowledge

862:

power to rural areas of Chile. The new system also would have allowed the Mapuche community the ability to run their own judicial systems. They would have also been granted more representation in Congress and the ability to veto projects, laws, etc. on issues concerning and not concerning them. Essentially, the new constitution would define Chile as a “plurinational state” which is several nations in one. The new constitution was heavily focused on the overrepresentation of indigenous communities. Indigenous communities make up about 12% of the population, according to the 2020 census. The new constitution would have given them greater political representation. Many Mapuche supported the constitutional change and some opposed it. Hugo Antonio Alcaman is an association of Mapuche professionals leader who opposes the constitution: “We were supposed to be fighting privilege, but suddenly we look like the privileged ones.” Farmers also feared the idea of a new constitution since it intruded on private property rights. Many believed their property wouldn’t be respected and they feared a repeat of state land seizures that happened in the 1970s. The proposed constitution did not pass in the end for a multitude of reasons. One, was the overrepresentation of Mapuche in Congress and the conflict that it could cause. Furthermore, the usage of the word plurinational was also a major concern for the citizens. Many didn’t know if plurinational was simply an ideology or if it would bring along legitimate policy change. The word plurinational caused concern for the majority and the constitution was vetoed with 62% voting against it.

849:

end to the tumultuous relationship between the state and Mapuche people. The attacks have also become more targeted going after specific individuals rather than just property or machinery. The motives behind the attacks are also questioned by many in Chile. While the ancestral land claims are proven to be legitimate many believe criminal organizations have taken advantage of the dire scenario. Through the struggle for land organized crime has surfaced and reports of drug trafficking are present. Suspects of potential crime are the seven militant groups that are currently at war with the Chilean state. The state firmly believes at least some groups are using the struggle for land as a facade for their true motives. Furthermore, police reports have claimed they made multiple cocaine busts and uncovered marijuana plants all concealed among the forestry plants in remorse regions. Lumber companies have also been affected by the potential of organized crime. According to the forestry chamber, 4% of the 4,500 logging trucks that transit everyday carry stolen wood. The wood is stolen from the lumber companies, laundered through sawmills, and eventually sold with falsified documents.

853:

in 2019 to 1,771 in 2021. The attacks in 2022 alone have increased by 44 from January to April. The victims of such attacks are commonly, but not exclusively, forestry workers, police officers, and military personnel. Mapuche people have also been caught in the crossfire. Common Mapuche who are targeted are those who work for the forestry companies as they are denounced by more radical Mapuche groups. The feelings among the Mapuche regarding President Boric’s decision are quite mixed. Some believe it will offer some safety and security, while others think it mirrors the actions of former dictator Augusto Pinochet. Regardless, many Mapuche believe that the violence is detrimental to their communities and must come to an end. Cristobal Nancufil, a 19-year-old Mapuche member, doesn't believe in the violence: “I don’t feel part of this struggle, Ethnic pride is good. But attacking someone’s property that long ago belonged to Mapuche, how is this the fault of the descendants?” Poverty in the region is also higher at 17.4% compared to 10.8% for the rest of the nation, further worsening the condition of the region.

499:(1973–1990). Specifically, in 1973 the successful military coup of General Augusto Pinochet established a military dictatorship that effectively reversed many of the policies of the Allende government. Specifically, the Pinochet government did not recognize the Mapuche as a distinct indigenous group within Chile. Instead, the government only recognized people with Chilean citizenship. Additionally, all of the land regained by the Mapuche during the Allende government was returned to previous owners or opened up to development. While the government was successful in its attempts to take Mapuche Land, it was unsuccessful in eradicating the Mapuche completely. The United States significantly contributed to the efforts to deprive the Mapuche people of their land. Specifically, the U.S. pressured the Pinochet government into opening up Mapuche lands to private interests and pushed its economic agenda on the Chilean government. 840:

the government violated rules regarding consultation. Furthermore, they increasingly believe Boric’s decisions mirror those of previous dictators who sought to topple the Mapuche. Less than a week following the state of an emergency announcement one worker was shot and four others badly injured. Each of the five victims involved were Mapuche peoples, and the attack mirrors those by police officers and security firms against Mapuche activists. The Mapuche groups believe the state of emergency is to serve the special interests of the forestry companies in the area. They believe it offers them personal protection from attacks through state interference. There have also been reports of corruption between local police officers and forestry companies. Officers are alleged to have received payments from forestry companies while still under contract with the Chilean government.

445:(Mapudungan for people from the north) lived in the northern part of this region and were defeated by the Spanish conquistadors in the 16th century. As a result, the Pikunche lost all ownership of their lands and were forcibly assimilated into Spanish society. The Huilliche (Mapudungan for people from the South) lived in the South of the region between the Valdivia River and the Chiloé Archipelago. They survived the conflict with the Spanish due to the relatively light presence of the Spanish in this particular part of the region and due to the fact that they posed no threat to Spanish outposts in the area. Lastly, the central Reche, who inhabited the region between the Maule and Tolten Rivers, regularly entered into violent conflict with the Spanish and successfully held off the colonial power. 836:

Boric was initially promising for the Mapuche as they had made progress after centuries of disputes. Furthermore, the Chilean state recently proposed a new constitution that would greatly increase indigenous rights within Chile. However, many Mapuche members are questioning the state after the recent encounter with Minister Siches. Victor Queipul, a Mapuche leader, commented on Siches' visit: “Minister Siches had no intention of listening to the Mapuche people, her aim was solely to strengthen her ministerial position without tackling Mapuche issues, In that case, we are unwilling to welcome her. If the ministry wants dialogue, they must follow the correct protocols.”

453:

independent people from the Spanish as well as established a border between Spanish and indigenous lands at the Bio Bio River. This agreement effectively put an end to the large-scale conflict between the Mapuche and the Spanish, although small conflicts continued between the two sides until decolonization in the early 19th century. The Mapuche were the only indigenous group under Spanish control from the 16th-19th century to gain full independence. Although the two cultures were independent of one another, they continued to trade and share agricultural practices.

254: 245: 191: 144: 426: 466:

ability of Mapuche peoples to enter into legal contracts, the law of July 10, 1823 recognized Mapuche rights to property, and the Treaty of Tapihue in 1825 officially recognized the Mapuche as a state within Chile. While these laws were being passed by the Chilean government, the Chilean population continued to slowly encroach and acquire Mapuche land, often through deceptive and unfair means. In 1866 the Chilean government passed the Indigenous Reservations Law which led to mass rebellion by the Mapuche people in 1870 and 1880.

611: 651:

of any project, law, or act that is proposed. The act of consultation must meet a good faith principle where the state and indigenous groups look for solutions rather than conflict. Consultation must also be a discourse between the two groups rather than a gathering of information by either side. Finally, the consultation process must define the scope of the project in its entirety. This includes granting access to documents, financials, modifications, etc. to the indigenous groups.

575: 155: 179: 3490: 4690: 3922: 233: 130: 25: 201: 167: 666: 222: 119: 2308: 547:

lack of literacy among the people. The flooding led to ancestral cemeteries being washed away and the relocation of families and communities. After the construction of the Pangue Dam, the relatively isolated Bio Bio River attracted timber contractors who would give landowners an undisclosed amount of money for the harvesting of their trees.

483:

efforts appeared to subside when Salvadore Allende was elected president as his government was responsible for restoring significant amounts of Mapuche land. In particular, Law 17.729 helped to restore almost 850,000 acres of Mapuche land and gave the Mapuche people stronger land ownership rights. Many Mapuche were actively involved in the

728:, linked it to the commemoration of the death of Matías Catrileo and to the truck burning the previous days. A relative of the dead persons claimed there was a campaign to empty the region of farmers and businessmen adding that "the guerrilla is winning" and lamented the "lack of rule of law". A male activist wounded by a bullet was 510:, with several plantations in plots that were originally part of the land reform and others in plots claimed by communities. Eventually, in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the dictatorship fell into a state of popular decline resulting in the establishment of Chilean democracy in 1990 with the election of Patricio Aylwin. 551:

electricity. The proposed Ralco Dam would displace approximately 500 to 1,000 persons comprising 91 families of the Quepuca-Ralco and Ralco-Lepoy. The dam would also threaten 27 species of mammals, 10 species of amphibians, 9 species of reptiles, and 8 species of fish. The Ralco Dam finished construction in 2004.

529:, an indigenous governing body founded to help support the development of indigenous peoples in Chile. While the law gave substantial promise of reconciliation and justice to the Mapuche people, in reality, the act continues to be extremely underwhelming and disappointing to most Mapuche people in contemporary society. 647:

complaints regarding any violations would now pass through the formal court system. There will also be attempts at increasing the reaction time of the state to indigenous rights violations. This is in response to previous violations where permanent damage already occurred before an indigenous person’s voice was heard.

522:, where the indigenous communities have been demanded that their ancestral lands, which were now the property of logging corporations, farming companies, and individuals, be turned over to them. At this time, forestry companies owned three times more ancestral Mapuche land than the actual Mapuche people. 852:

In response to the high tensions in the area, President Boric responded: “I have the duty to use all legal tools to guarantee the security of the population, and I will not waver in using them.” Boric deployed more troops to the area after arson, shootings, and destruction of property rose from 1,118

773:

in Tirúa, said that he doesn't see autonomy coming easily, given the disposition of the Chilean Senate, and that the "underlying problem is how communities participate in decision-making in their own territories". Bresciani observed that the violence "reflects that there is an open wound." In January

637:

said that it was not ready to contemplate expropriating land in the southern region of Araucania to restore lost ancestral territory to the Mapuche. The government set out to buy land for use by 115 Mapuche communities, however, according to government officials, the current owners had nearly tripled

566:

There have been increased protections in place from the actions of the construction of the Ralco Dam. The National Corporation for Indigenous Development (CONADI) to “protect yet substantially develop lands.” CONANDI was put in place to negotiate between indigenous peoples and corporations to acquire

554:

In response to the controversies surrounding the Ralco Dams’ construction, the Chilean Government signed the INFORME N° 30/04, PETICIÓN 4617/02, SOLUCION AMISTOSA, with the Iner-American Commission on Human Rights. The Government promised to not build any more mega-projects and hydroelectric projects

546:

In 1978, ENDESA, the National Electric Enterprise created by the State undertook hydroelectric projects on the BioBio River. The building of the Pangue dam (1996-1997) caused flooding of 500 hectares occupied by the Pehuenche communities. Many of the Pehuenche signed away their land rights due to the

461:

After Chile successfully achieved independence from the Spanish Empire, the peace between the Mapuche and those inhabiting the rest of Chile effectively evaporated. Although the Spanish Empire still legally recognized the Mapuche as independent following decolonization, no such agreement existed with

440:

The conflict is rooted in colonial times. Specifically, the conflict began with the arrival of the Spanish Empire in Latin America. During this time, the Mapuche people, better known as the Reche (Ethnonym meaning: authentic human being) at this time, were divided into three sub-groups living in and

861:

Chileans planned a new constitution that would change their economic and political system. Changes put in place would have granted expanded rights to the indigenous population. The constitution would have mainly hurt the legal rights of mining companies, decentralized the government and shifted more

848:

Groups of Mapuche fighters continued to cause disruption within Chile’s wooded area in the months leading to summer. The attacks continue with the same motive of freeing ancestral lands currently held by private enterprises. Left-wing president Boric doesn’t see the violent conflict as a means to an

542:

In the early 1990s, Spanish utility company Endesa initiated the BíoBío Hydroelectric Dam project, including a series of dams on the Upper BíoBío River. The dams, particularly the Ralco Dam, led to the displacement of Mapuche/Pehuenche communities due to flooding of ancestral lands. The World Bank's

835:

On March 15, 2022, Interior Minister Izkia Siches visited Araucania, an area heavily populated by Mapuche groups. The visit ended when shots were fired and Siches was forced to evacuate. Since the event relations between the state and Mapuche have continued to deteriorate. The election of President

793:

On 16 June 2021, a police officer was wounded during clashes with suspected indigenous militia groups in the Biobío region. In the same region volunteer firefighters were caught in crossfire between police forces and indigenous militiamen while trying to get to the La Pasión farm to put out a fire.

650:

The amended constitution would also include a clause stating any project, law, act, etc. that is created without proper consultation of indigenous groups is nullified. The Special Rapporteur’s report stated the guidelines for the consultation process. Consultation must occur in the beginning stages

839:

The Mapuche also claim they were never consulted about the visit and were alarmed when they saw a military entourage approaching. In response to the shooting, Boric announced a state of emergency in the area of Araucania leading to more military presence. The Mapuche disagreed with the move saying

764:

Since 2016, there has been an increasing number of attacks in the region, especially against churches, machinery, forest industries, and security forces. A June 2018 article in the equaltimes.org website reported that "military police (GOPE) often intervene violently, on the side of the companies,

677:

imprisoned in Chilean prisons to protest against the conditions in which the proceedings against them took place, mainly due to the application of the antiterrorist law, and for the double prosecutions they were subject to, because parallel proceedings were carried out in the ordinary and military

558:

Despite the Chilean government's commitments to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights to halt such projects on Indigenous lands, further controversial dams like Angostura and Rucalhue were developed. These continued to affect the local communities by flooding lands and threatening cultural

550:

After the success of the Pangue Dam, the conception of the Ralco Dam began. The Ralco Dam was initially supposed to be the biggest dam proposed for the BioBio, constructed 27 kilometers from the Pangue Dam. At over 155 meters tall, it would flood 3,400 hectares of land to generate 570 megawatts of

801:

In late July, fighting was reported between state forces and suspected indigenous militias in the Araucanía and Biobío regions. In the Biobío commune of Tirua, armed men ambushed a police unit, injuring two police officers. Finally, in the Araucanía city of Carahue, militiamen exchanged fire with

448:

The central Reche eventually experienced a large societal transformation due to the introduction of the horse to their society which resulted in economic changes in trade, political restructuring, and a relocation of the people. This transformation took place between the second half of the 16th

782:

called for an end to the violence, and for solidarity with "those who daily bear the burden of those many injustices". In 2018, Camilo Catrillanca, the grandson of a local Indigenous leader, was shot in the head during a police operation in a rural community near the town of Ercilla. His death

562:

The initial construction of the Ralco dam was met with controversy due to the indigenous Mapuche being relocated. While the displaced were given monetary repayment, many complained that it was too little compared to the dam company's profits. Many protests have been held over the events of the

482:

The actions by the Chilean government were essentially an effort by the government to eradicate the Mapuche people and their culture. In 1962, the Chilean government passed the Law of Agrarian Reform which made all lands taken from the Mapuche before 1946 dedicated for public use. Encroachment

465:

The Chilean government did eventually recognize the Mapuche as distinct people through the formation of the Indigenous Settlement Commission in 1813 which was created to help move the Mapuche reservations. Additionally, The Decree of March 4, 1819 by President Bernardo O’Higgins recognized the

401:

The official 2002 Chilean census found 609,000 Chileans identifying as Mapuches. The same survey determined that 35 percent of the nation's Mapuches think the biggest issue for the government to resolve relates to their ancestral properties. The official 2012 Chilean census found the number of

312:

and their contractors. In the past decade of the conflict, Chilean police and some non-indigenous landowners have been confronted by militant Mapuche organizations and local Mapuche communities in the context of the conflict. Some scholars argue the conflict is an indigenous self-determination

646:

Correlating to these incidents, in 2009, the Chilean Government (Senate) voted to amend the constitution to include specific rights for indigenous people. The constitutional amendment regarding Mapuche recognition would change the way the country treats violations of indigenous rights. Formal

452:

Eventually after a sustained period of war between the Mapuche and Spanish lasting for about a century, the two sides came together and created a peace agreement called the Treaty of Quilin in 1641. The treaty and various agreements that followed legally recognized the Mapuche as distinct and

477:

in the late 19th century. After 1881 the land was divided into plots and distributed mostly among private owners (including foreign and Chilean settlers as well as members of the army). The Mapuche (around 100,000 persons according to the 1907 Census) were confined to almost 3,000 atomized

563:

construction of the Ralco Dam. There have been sit-ins that have blocked access roads to the plant for machinery and workers. All sit-ins have ended quickly where participants eventually get evicted, however, the construction of the Ralco Dam has increased citizen participation.

4464: 892:

76% of Chileans believe there is terrorism in Araucanía Region. This is a rise from the 56% that believed so in 2017. Conversely, Cadem polls show that those who reject the notion that there is terrorism in Araucanía Region decreased from 41% to 19% in the same period.

638:

the prices they were demanding. On the other hand, the effectiveness of the government policy of buying and distributing land has been questioned. Two special presidential envoys were sent to southern Chile to review the increasingly fractious "Mapuche situation".

2923: 340:(CAM), have used violent tactics since 1998, while other groups have preferred non-violent tactics and institutional negotiations. Violent activists have been scrutinized for their finances and international links, with some being accused of large-scale 2954: 308:. It is often referred to as a conflict between the Mapuche and the Chilean government or state, despite the fact that there have been a variety of other actors participating in the conflict such as the Spanish Empire as well as corporations such as 359:

The handling of the conflict by Chilean authorities has been the subject of controversy and political debate. The label of "terrorism" by authorities have been controversial as well as the killing of unarmed Mapuches by police followed by failed

1668: 4555: 2633: 2397: 1635: 2519: 2471: 732:

by police 600 m from the torched house. A separate thesis claims the house was attacked by at least seven persons and that the "machi" had received the bullet wound from the occupants of the house before dying in the fire.

2446: 2421: 1547: 797:

On 6 July 2021, protest erupted during the opening constitutional session, with citizens demanding an amnesty law for supposed political prisoners who had been arrested during the country's political unrest in 2019.

2573: 3399: 2915: 2694: 1261: 1230: 2946: 812:

On 25 December 2021, the Mapuche organization Lafkenche Mapuche Resistance claimed responsibility for the following sabotage actions in Wallmapu in support of Mapuche political prisoners and fallen fighters:

383:, which have criticized the Chilean government's treatment of the Mapuche. Many activists have been killed. Mapuche police and Mapuche contractors have also been killed by violent activists. Recently, the 2549: 3368: 7489: 1658: 1292: 1323: 3716: 1750:""Mientras no cambie la mentalidad colonialista y discriminatoria del Estado de Chile, el conflicto mapuche tiene muy poca posibilidad de resolverse": José Bengoa, historiador y antropólogo" 1450: 817:

Wednesday 24 November: Burning of four trucks for extracting aggregate material from the Trongol river, and a forestry truck belonging to Bosques Arauco, in the Sector Los Rios, Los Alamos.

2367: 1061: 2832: 2625: 2389: 1627: 4734: 4100: 2516: 2468: 3865: 3855: 1605: 525:

In 1993, the Chilean government passed the Indigenous Peoples Act which recognized Mapuche participation, land, cultural, and development rights. Additionally, the law created the

2443: 2418: 4391: 1539: 2862: 1169: 681:

The strikes began on July 12, 2010, with a group that was in preventive detention, some for more than one year and a half, all accused of violating anti-terrorism legislation.

3046: 3020: 7538: 3209: 2570: 3395: 2686: 1363: 1345: 1253: 2893: 753: 1782: 1220: 2757: 802:

police officers carrying out a protective order outside the building of a logging company. Two police officers and a worker were injured, before the suspects escaped.

495:

Most of the land that was regained by the Mapuche under the Allende Presidency was later taken back during the counter-agrarian reform process implemented during the

1952: 2602: 6142: 3338: 1168:

On the conflict before 1990 see Olaf Kaltmeier: Volkseinheit und ethnische Differenz. Mapuche-Bewegung und comunidades während der Regierung Salvador Allende, in:

4381: 518:

The Mapuche conflict continued in the 1990s following the return of democracy. The conflict started in areas inhabited mostly by Mapuches like the vicinities of

2545: 449:

century and the end of the 18th century and led to the emergence of a new cultural identity for the group originating from the central Reche into the Mapuche.

2994: 4727: 7460: 6776: 4543: 4090: 3360: 2174: 1421: 964: 336:. The Mapuche lack a central organization. Individuals and communities carry out their struggle independently by different means. Some groups, such as the 469:

As a result of the unrest, the Chilean government started the “Pacification of Araucania” movement between 1862 and 1883. The movement was essentially an

7409: 4491: 1835: 790:

urged Switzerland to stop deportation of Mapuche activist Flor Calfunao to Chile because of concern for her human rights, including the risk of torture.

7518: 4449: 3958: 1194: 873:

The Chilean government's usage of the "Anti-Terrorism Law" in the conflict is a focal point of the controversy surrounding the conflict. In 2013, the

6941: 1284: 559:

traditions. Resistance has grown, particularly among youth, who have organized sit-ins, plebiscites, and petitions against the ongoing developments.

324:

Mapuche activists demand greater autonomy, recognition of rights, and the return of historical lands. The Mapuche conflict intensified following the

3275: 1315: 7523: 4720: 2779: 2337: 2203: 2083: 2038: 1974: 1125: 502:

From the 1980s onward, large swathes of southern Chile became integrated into the country's export economy, forming what has been described as an

4527: 4120: 2976: 2134:"The rise of forest plantations in Chile's Mapuche's homeland: Four decades of land cover estimates from a CNN-RNN model and the Landsat program" 3183: 2359: 1574: 1053: 7582: 7431: 4515: 4140: 496: 2824: 1691: 809:

declared a state of emergency and deployed troops to Biobio and Araucania in response to clashes between security forces and Mapuche groups.

7533: 7339: 6946: 4883: 4125: 4115: 3144: 6881: 2687:"Carlos Bresciani, el jefe jesuita en la zona mapuche: "Lo que el Estado no hizo de derecho, las comunidades lo están haciendo de hecho"" 2149: 1597: 205: 7279: 7000: 2663: 1392: 1140: 4638: 3308: 2854: 3042: 3016: 6769: 4371: 4016: 2801: 2107: 543:

involvement through its International Finance Corporation (IFC) drew criticism for policy violations, prompting internal reforms.

7543: 7477: 5555: 4151: 3594: 1508: 889: 4665: 7670: 7484: 7028: 4361: 3951: 936: 2885: 6826: 6388: 6358: 5460: 4246: 4145: 2747: 368:

against police vehicles has been cited as explaining the need for armoured vehicles. There are recurrent claims of Mapuche "

7416: 7314: 7219: 6860: 6383: 6308: 5100: 5064: 4761: 4537: 4060: 4021: 2724: 882: 3241: 2947:"Sesión de constituyentes en Chile vuelve a suspenderse y el pedido de amnistía para 'presos políticos' sigue a la espera" 7610: 7438: 6956: 6876: 6806: 6762: 2594: 1451:"Presidente Piñera cierra la puerta: "Nos oponemos a una ley de indulto o amnistía (…) en Chile no hay presos políticos"" 7214: 7050: 6821: 6549: 4766: 4756: 4521: 4209: 4026: 3819: 3330: 716:

On the morning of January 4, 2013, the agricultural business couple Luchsinger-Mackay died in a fire in their house in

402:

Mapuches in Chile to be 1,508,722 and the 2017 census a total of 1,745,147, representing around 10% of the population.

390:

The area where the conflict has been most violent is known as "Zona Roja" (lit. Red Zone) and lies in the provinces of

376: 4351: 7399: 7351: 7269: 6085: 3944: 3439: 2061: 1997: 1804:"Censo 2017 – Todos Contamos – Este Censo necesita todo tu apoyo para saber cuántos somos, cómo somos y cómo vivimos" 618:

Numerous incidents such as violent land occupations, burning of private property and demonstrations have occurred in

2253:"The Mapuche-- Peheunche and the Ralco Dam on the Biobio River: The Challenges of Protecting Indigenous Land Rights" 1659:"Santo Reinao, sin pelos en la lengua: "Ningún mapuche que quiera retomar su territorio, lo va a hacer encapuchado"" 865:

Another more conservative constitution, that was viewed as harmful to Mapuche interests, was also rejected in 2023.

7274: 6968: 6951: 6853: 4876: 4653: 4401: 4110: 4055: 4038: 3996: 3991: 2990: 1479: 955:

have asserted in December 2020 that "there are no political prisoners in Chile", a view echoed by former President

7247: 6785: 6634: 6489: 5738: 5545: 4675: 4221: 3814: 907: 441:

around the region of what is now central and south-central Chile between the Aconcagua River and the Chiloé. The

325: 100: 3860: 2171: 7685: 7680: 7577: 7445: 7394: 7356: 7289: 7252: 6983: 6908: 6338: 6293: 5550: 5371: 4585: 4308: 4095: 2390:"Ratifican fallo absolutorio de Juzgado Militar en caso de mapuche condenados por ataque a fiscal (In Spanish)" 2022: 783:

triggered nationwide protest leading to seven police officers being convicted in connection with the shooting.

1832: 669:

Flag of the Mapuche-Tehuelche people created in 1991, a symbol of their claim to some Argentine-Mapuche areas.

297: 81: 7665: 7455: 7242: 7038: 7018: 6739:

are listed above. This does not imply that all nationalists with a given ethnicity subscribe to that form of

6428: 6423: 6353: 6313: 6298: 6080: 6035: 5655: 5303: 4648: 4416: 3726: 3472: 912: 823:

Tuesday 14 December: Burning of 15 forestry machines in the El Tesero Estate of Forestal Arauco. Curanilahue.

171: 4465:

Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge, and Folklore

1186: 6961: 6594: 6539: 6509: 6418: 6393: 6378: 6303: 6283: 5381: 5293: 5069: 4600: 4575: 3895: 3885: 3880: 3706: 820:

Thursday 9 December: Burning of 15 forestry machines, in the Coihue-Yeneco Estate of Forestal Arauco. Lebu.

6413: 2517:

Familia confirma que los fallecidos en ataque a casa patronal en La Araucanía son el matrimonio Luchsinger

7592: 7501: 7496: 7094: 7045: 6050: 5273: 5223: 4869: 4396: 4256: 4130: 3789: 3711: 3554: 2748:"The long fight of the Mapuche people at times has turned violent. Pope Francis is about to get involved" 932: 902: 623: 337: 318: 159: 2329: 2195: 1720: 317:

see it as the expression of a wider political conflict that affects all of Chile given the existence of

7467: 7135: 7067: 6978: 6913: 6408: 6288: 5319: 4693: 3210:"The Mapuche Struggle for the Recognition of its Nation From a Feminine and Decolonizing Point of View" 1696: 1509:"Monsalve dice que no hay presos políticos mapuche: "Lo están por delitos tipificados en Código Penal"" 1397: 674: 660: 586: 352:. Personnel of Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco has been in Venezuela meeting high-ranking officials of the 345: 3829: 2469:

Fiscalía confirma muerte de dos personas en nuevo atentado incendiario a casa patronal en La Araucanía

470: 415: 329: 300:(Spanish name given to the historic region that the Mapuche inhabited in Chile) and nearby regions of 7675: 7640: 7373: 7104: 5582: 5278: 4829: 4085: 1570: 1141:""Comprender la verdadera naturaleza del conflicto mapuche es un imperativo para la clase dirigente"" 6368: 6090: 2916:"Un carabinero herido con perdigones en brazo y rostro dejan enfrentamientos en provincia de Arauco" 770: 7660: 7655: 7650: 7645: 7450: 7259: 7033: 6841: 6685: 6343: 6147: 5059: 4699: 4426: 3890: 3834: 3799: 3794: 1540:"Chile: Authorities must stop criminalizing Indigenous Mapuche people under the Anti-Terrorism Law" 729: 328:

in the 1990s, with Mapuche activists seeking to rectify the loss of ancestral territory during the

1811: 7228: 7109: 6995: 6886: 6127: 5599: 5503: 5414: 5329: 5208: 4620: 4406: 2101:"Mapuche: resistiendo al capital y al Estado. El caso de la Coordinadora Arauco Malleco en Chile" 2054:"The grievances of a failed reform: Chilean land reform and conflict with indigenous communities" 1346:"23 presos políticos Mapuche recluidos en la Cárcel de Angol inician huelga de hambre indefinida" 384: 6705: 5660: 3900: 3331:"OHCHR | UN experts urge Chile not to use anti-terrorism law against Mapuche indigenous peoples" 1085: 7472: 7334: 7140: 6075: 5965: 5743: 5707: 5589: 5434: 5283: 4834: 4605: 4556:

Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge (GRATK)

4204: 4135: 4001: 3936: 3824: 3809: 3759: 2886:"Comité ONU: Suiza debe detener la deportación a Chile de mapuche por riesgo de sufrir tortura" 1628:"Tía de cabo Eugenio Nain: "A él no lo mataron por ser carabinero, lo mataron por ser mapuche"" 737: 364:. Another point of contest is the "militarization of Araucanía", yet the use of military-grade 333: 314: 2145: 2133: 1925: 959:

in 2021. Similarly, the existence of Mapuche political prisoners has been rejected in 2022 by

952: 7023: 6398: 6363: 6348: 6227: 6055: 6045: 6010: 6005: 5990: 5970: 5934: 5717: 5687: 5677: 5667: 5562: 5341: 5298: 5268: 5246: 5193: 5116: 5027: 4610: 4231: 4033: 3905: 3875: 3754: 3721: 3432: 2077: 1968: 1749: 1119: 956: 878: 806: 380: 2656: 765:

intimidating the Mapuche communities, acting indiscriminately against women or minors." The

6604: 6403: 6252: 6212: 6187: 6030: 6000: 5985: 5975: 5944: 5939: 5929: 5903: 5864: 5758: 5635: 5630: 5609: 5572: 5540: 5508: 5498: 5477: 5404: 5288: 5203: 5163: 4990: 4937: 4803: 4580: 4291: 4180: 4043: 3614: 2419:

Marcha por conmemoración de muerte de Matías Catrileo provoca incidentes en Santiago Centro

433: 4712: 3736: 3479: 3300: 2626:"Quema de camiones en La Araucanía y Biobío: Gobierno se querella por incendio terrorista" 630:, such as the burning of houses and farms, that have ended up in clashes with the police. 183: 8: 7587: 7361: 7284: 7264: 7233: 6654: 6534: 6328: 6267: 6232: 6137: 6040: 5995: 5960: 5924: 5919: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5828: 5774: 5722: 5712: 5645: 5614: 5567: 5472: 5388: 5361: 5324: 5251: 5218: 5198: 5168: 5054: 4954: 4286: 4185: 4006: 3870: 3779: 3764: 3467: 484: 2793: 710: 698: 38:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

7130: 6923: 6831: 6740: 6690: 6443: 6323: 6197: 6172: 5980: 5898: 5869: 5818: 5808: 5753: 5748: 5682: 5672: 5650: 5604: 5482: 5450: 5366: 5351: 5346: 5213: 5121: 5079: 4985: 4975: 4970: 4949: 4932: 4892: 4824: 4670: 4660: 4261: 4226: 4170: 4011: 3569: 3462: 3361:"Chile must stop using anti-terrorism law against Mapuche indigenous group – UN expert" 2272: 2032: 1254:"Operativo antinarcótico en Concepción: Detienen a Emilio Berkhoff, ex líder de la CAM" 1107: 1034: 948: 369: 290: 6333: 2546:"Se aplicará la Ley Antiterrorista contra los responsables del atentado en Collipulli" 2498:

Pericias indican que Werner Luchsinger y Vivian MacKay murieron por acción del fuego,

2100: 749: 7572: 7389: 7344: 7193: 7145: 7114: 6811: 6715: 6700: 6494: 6182: 5874: 5823: 5779: 5640: 5577: 5409: 5376: 5181: 5173: 5074: 5011: 4496: 4105: 3968: 3769: 3564: 3549: 3249: 2970: 2773: 2752: 2581: 2141: 2018: 1993: 1944: 1692:"La verdadera zona roja mapuche: Cómo es el lugar donde fue atacado el equipo de TVN" 1426: 1111: 1026: 641: 634: 507: 309: 4341: 3184:"Chileans Wary as They Vote for New Constitution That Would Upend Free Market Model" 1571:"Lista de Mapuche Muertos post Dictadura en Relación al Llamado "Conflicto" Mapuche" 353: 7513: 7508: 7309: 7099: 6973: 6918: 6629: 6438: 6318: 5833: 5813: 5429: 5424: 5356: 5336: 5230: 5158: 5006: 4922: 4787: 4782: 4595: 4590: 4549: 4471: 4298: 3986: 3926: 3690: 3660: 3645: 3579: 3574: 3544: 3539: 3425: 2264: 1099: 1018: 766: 694: 610: 395: 349: 282: 3089: 826:

Tuesday 22 December: Burning of 31 summer cabins in the Sector Lincuyin. Contulmo.

626:

played a key role by organizing and supporting violent land occupations and other

7528: 7319: 7209: 7177: 7060: 6609: 6579: 6104: 5513: 5419: 5256: 4533: 3972: 3804: 3746: 3589: 2577: 2523: 2475: 2450: 2425: 2178: 1839: 1088:"Introducing MACEDA: New micro-data on an indigenous self-determination conflict" 960: 503: 391: 6659: 2716: 2444:

Quema de camión en La Araucanía marca conmemoración de muerte de Matías Catrileo

1316:"Ex Farc reconoce a miembros de la CAM y dice que fueron instruidos en Colombia" 7421: 7404: 7368: 7329: 6896: 6891: 6836: 6564: 6544: 6112: 5261: 4643: 4615: 4456: 4303: 4271: 4236: 4197: 3670: 3534: 2268: 1364:"Mapuches defienden a sus "presos políticos" al inicio de estado de emergencia" 1022: 874: 3143:

Journal, Patricia Garip | Photographs by Carlos Villalon for The Wall Street.

2825:"Pope wades into indigenous conflict telling Chile's Mapuche to shun violence" 2229:"Pangue/Ralco Dams Affect Mapuche/Pehuenche People Along Chile's BioBio River" 1103: 425: 7634: 7615: 7426: 7324: 6990: 6901: 6848: 6207: 6202: 6157: 6152: 6132: 5455: 5131: 4850: 4266: 4050: 3253: 1393:"Quiénes son los presos mapuche que la Convención Constituyente pide liberar" 1030: 706: 627: 619: 226: 3242:"Analysis | Chile's new voting rules may have derailed the new Constitution" 1087: 622:. In the wake of the deaths of a few of its activists, Mapuche organization 6736: 6624: 6474: 6237: 6222: 6192: 6162: 6122: 4080: 3043:""Lafkenche Mapuche Resistance" Claims Recent Sabotage Actions in Wallmapu" 1663: 1484: 1455: 779: 474: 237: 6754: 4276: 3276:"Indigenous advocates reject Chile's new draft constitution ahead of vote" 2053: 487:. More than 150,000 hectares of land were transferred to the communities. 387:

has compiled more than 2,600 events related to this conflict (1990-2016).

6816: 6695: 6664: 6644: 6524: 6479: 6433: 6262: 6247: 6242: 6177: 6117: 5594: 5467: 4175: 3731: 3680: 3609: 2500: 1513: 1285:"Canciller venezolano recibe en Caracas a líder de la CAM Héctor Llaitul" 1086:

Cayul, Pedro; Alejandro Corvalan; Dany Jaimovich; Matteo Pazzona (2022).

2276: 2252: 1038: 1010: 574: 6710: 6554: 6484: 4980: 4942: 4630: 4313: 3774: 3665: 3504: 3489: 2528: 2480: 2455: 2430: 2012: 1725: 1225: 877:

condemned the use of the Anti-Terrorism Law against Mapuche activists.

745: 741: 725: 721: 702: 411: 3619: 2360:"Comuneros mapuche deponen huelga de hambre tras 87 días (In Spanish)" 2309:"Dan Construction Ignites Indigenous Youth Movement in Southern Chile" 2294:"Dam construction ignites Indigenous youth movement in southern Chile" 1930:

Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Workshop, Lewis and Clark Law School

614:

Demonstration in Santiago, after the killing of two Mapuche activists.

532: 6614: 6599: 6589: 6584: 6529: 6514: 5803: 4927: 4861: 4281: 4251: 4192: 3650: 3514: 3509: 1754: 1598:"Quién era Eugenio Nain, el carabinero que murió baleado en Metrenco" 1368: 689:

A march was held in commemoration of the death of Matías Catrileo in

135: 89: 3604: 1422:"Director de Human Rights Watch: "No hay presos políticos en Chile"" 717: 7055: 6574: 6499: 6373: 6257: 4744: 4241: 3675: 3635: 3599: 690: 442: 365: 361: 305: 6639: 3784: 642:

2009 attempts at reconciliation: proposed constitutional amendment

519: 6649: 6619: 6569: 6559: 6464: 6217: 6167: 5186: 5095: 4214: 4101:

Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon River Basin

3685: 3655: 3448: 1926:"The Mapuche Struggle For Land and Recognition: A Legal Analysis" 665: 456: 293: 3966: 3145:"Militant Indigenous Uprising in Chile Tests New Leftist Leader" 6519: 6504: 6469: 6459: 4392:

Ministry for the Development of the Russian Far East and Arctic

3640: 2051: 775: 526: 2595:"Al menos 23 camiones incendiados en el Biobío y La Araucanía" 2196:"Chilean Authorities Investigate New Attack, Land Occupations" 1054:"A journey through Chile's conflict with Mapuche rebel groups" 724:

said it was arson in a preliminary report while the newspaper

693:

in January 2013. During the march a group of masked men threw

513: 6669: 3584: 3559: 3529: 3519: 2293: 1480:"Expertos refutan a Piñera: en Chile sí hay presos políticos" 748:

to be then assaulted by men with firearms. Interior minister

341: 301: 123: 85: 2822: 1170:

Jahrbuch für Forschungen zur Geschichte der Arbeiterbewegung

769:

priest Carlos Bresciani, who has spent 15 years heading the

36:. The reason given is: Updates needed past January 11, 2024. 4742: 4528:

UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP)

3524: 2855:"Son of Chile Indigenous leader killed in restive province" 3417: 3017:"Chile declares state of emergency over Mapuche conflict" 2330:"Chile Rules Out Land Seizures to Satisfy Indian Demands" 1924:

Culliney, Susan M.; Peterson, Marisa; Royer, Ian (2013).

375:

The conflict has received the attention of international

2228: 1721:"El mapa definitivo de la violencia en la Macrozona sur" 1803: 787: 675:

a series of hunger strikes by Mapuche community members

296:

communities, also known as the Araucanians, located in

1221:"Financiando la violencia rural en territorio mapuche" 344:

of wood, either by performing the theft themselves or

1923: 759: 756:

will be applied to those responsible for the attack.

697:

at banks. Later the same group caused incidents near

4091:

Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador

2991:"Regional Overview: South America | 24–30 July 2021" 527:

National Indigenous Development Corporation (CONADI)

4516:

Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention (ILO C169)

3090:"Chile's Identity Crisis: Mapuche Still Under Fire" 2571:

Tren de carga sufrió descarrilamiento en Collipulli

2172:

Palestinians and Latin America's Indigenous Peoples

1187:"In Chile, the Mapuche are battling for their land" 778:, "the de facto capital of the Mapuche community", 567:disputed land for return to the indigenous groups. 555:on Indigenous lands surrounding the Bio Bio River. 533:

Mapuche Activist Movements and Government Responses

490: 6832:Insurgency in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 2920:BioBioChile - La Red de Prensa Más Grande de Chile 2746:Poblete, Kate Linthicum, Jorge (16 January 2018). 2257:International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 4544:UN Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (UNDROP) 2945:julio, Agencias6 de; 2021 - 12h05 (6 July 2021). 2944: 1783:"CHILE INDIGENOUS CONFLICT MAKES POLITICAL WAVES" 7632: 2823:Staff and agencies in Temuco (17 January 2018). 2013:Martín Correa; Raúl Molina; Nancy Yáñez (2005). 701:. The commemoration was associated by newspaper 4450:African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights 4121:International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs 3390: 3388: 3386: 2095: 2093: 1942: 1011:"The Mapuche People in Post-Dictatorship Chile" 537: 7583:Islamic State insurgency in the North Caucasus 4141:Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization 1534: 1532: 457:Mapuches and the Republic of Chile (1810-1973) 6770: 4877: 4728: 3952: 3433: 2717:"Ñuke Mapu – Centro de Documentación Mapuche" 2657:"Misión Jesuita Mapuche: Noticias de Mayo..." 2494: 2492: 2490: 2131: 420: 4126:National Indigenous Organization of Colombia 4116:Indigenous Peoples Council on Biocolonialism 3383: 2778:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2532:, 4 January 2013. Retrieved on 4 April 2013. 2512: 2510: 2484:, 4 January 2013. Retrieved on 4 April 2013. 2459:, 3 January 2013. Retrieved on 4 April 2013. 2434:, 3 January 2013. Retrieved on 4 April 2013. 2090: 2082:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2037:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1990:Historia del Pueblo Mapuche. Siglos XIX y XX 1987: 1973:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1777: 1775: 1773: 1214: 1212: 1124:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 965:Ministry of the Interior and Public Security 843: 774:2018, while saying Mass before thousands at 705:with the assault and torching of a truck on 6784: 2975:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2540: 2538: 2504:, 23 March 2013. Retrieved on 4 April 2013. 1529: 514:Chilean transition to democracy (1990-1996) 436:widely used by the Mapuche people in Chile. 6777: 6763: 6735:: Forms of nationalism based primarily on 6379:Muslim Independence Movement (Philippines) 4884: 4870: 4735: 4721: 3959: 3945: 3848: 3440: 3426: 2794:"Pope urges end to Chile Mapuche conflict" 2623: 2487: 462:the newly independent Chilean government. 4382:National Commission on Indigenous Peoples 2655:Jesuitas, Misión Mapuche- (28 May 2009). 2507: 2015:LA REFORMA AGRARIA Y LAS TIERRAS MAPUCHES 1770: 1209: 1138: 4830:Internal conflict in Peru (1980–present) 4372:National Institute of Indigenous Peoples 2654: 2535: 2324: 2322: 2223: 2221: 2052:Jaimovich, Dany; Toledo, Felipe (2021). 1595: 830: 664: 609: 424: 405: 7544:Islamic State insurgency in Deir ez-Zor 4492:UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues 2745: 2288: 2286: 1689: 1656: 1390: 1313: 1219:Labrín, Sebastián (26 September 2020). 1008: 506:. The central component of this is the 7633: 7280:Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes 6339:Galician independence movement (Spain) 4891: 4362:Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada 3236: 3234: 3232: 3230: 3177: 3175: 3173: 3171: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3084: 2400:from the original on 24 September 2018 2370:from the original on 24 September 2018 2306: 1945:"The Mapuche lands throughout history" 1919: 1917: 1915: 1913: 1911: 1909: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1881: 1879: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1869: 1867: 1718: 1577:from the original on 17 September 2019 1506: 1264:from the original on 17 September 2020 1218: 1185:Pardal, Alberto Barba (29 June 2018). 1184: 684: 6758: 6389:Patani United Liberation Organisation 6359:Inner Mongolian independence movement 4865: 4835:Insurgency in Paraguay (2005–present) 4716: 4247:Lands inhabited by indigenous peoples 4146:Zapatista Army of National Liberation 3940: 3421: 3128: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3112: 3110: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3023:from the original on 20 November 2021 2997:from the original on 5 September 2021 2957:from the original on 5 September 2021 2926:from the original on 5 September 2021 2896:from the original on 20 December 2019 2865:from the original on 4 September 2021 2804:from the original on 14 November 2018 2760:from the original on 14 November 2018 2727:from the original on 13 February 2020 2697:from the original on 3 September 2019 2678: 2340:from the original on 25 November 2011 2319: 2250: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2218: 2113:from the original on 5 September 2022 1865: 1863: 1861: 1859: 1857: 1855: 1853: 1851: 1849: 1847: 1620: 1568: 1420:Plaza, Francisca (12 December 2020). 1419: 1283:Rivas, Sebastián (14 December 2018). 1282: 1197:from the original on 14 November 2018 1004: 868: 654: 6384:National Liberation Front of Corsica 6309:East Turkestan independence movement 4762:List of conflicts in Central America 2666:from the original on 15 October 2018 2283: 2206:from the original on 20 January 2012 2188: 2064:from the original on 27 October 2021 1747: 1719:Labrín, Sebastián; Díaz, Sebastián. 1608:from the original on 4 November 2020 1596:Martínez, Brenda (30 October 2020). 1477: 1471: 1448: 1180: 1178: 1164: 1162: 1081: 1079: 1002: 1000: 998: 996: 994: 992: 990: 988: 986: 984: 931:There are also claims of members of 883:Inter-American Court of Human Rights 569: 148:Armed Mapuche Insurgents and Allies 18: 7611:Dissident Irish republican campaign 7485:Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency 6957:Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso 6807:Allied Democratic Forces insurgency 3273: 3227: 3162: 3142: 856: 13: 7051:Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria 7029:Herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria 6822:Central African Republic Civil War 4767:List of conflicts in South America 4757:List of conflicts in North America 4522:Convention on Biological Diversity 3820:Kingdom of Araucania and Patagonia 3207: 3181: 3107: 3061: 2983: 2847: 2684: 2235: 1844: 1748:Paúl, Fernanda (19 October 2021). 1314:Carrera, Patricio (19 July 2010). 1172:, Heft III/2003 (German Language). 1064:from the original on 20 March 2022 1051: 760:2016–2022: Upsurge of the conflict 14: 7697: 7400:Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency 7270:Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency 6861:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency 4825:Colombian conflict (1964–present) 4550:High Seas Treaty (BBNJ Agreement) 3717:Federación Mapuche de Estudiantes 3182:Forero, Patricia Garip and Juan. 2883: 2835:from the original on 28 June 2018 2605:from the original on 16 June 2018 2552:from the original on 26 July 2022 1814:from the original on 28 June 2015 1657:Miranda, Cristian (26 May 2022). 1251: 1175: 1159: 1139:Cholakian, Daniel (30 May 2018). 1076: 981: 605: 7417:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 7410:Islamic State insurgency in Iraq 7275:Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 4804:Guatemalan Civil War (1960–1996) 4689: 4688: 4402:Government of the Sakha Republic 4111:Indigenous Environmental Network 3992:Free, prior and informed consent 3921: 3920: 3488: 3402:from the original on 25 May 2022 3371:from the original on 9 July 2021 3341:from the original on 2 July 2021 3311:from the original on 9 July 2021 2636:from the original on 4 July 2018 2601:(in Spanish). 16 February 2018. 2152:from the original on 15 May 2022 1955:from the original on 14 May 2022 1671:from the original on 27 May 2022 1638:from the original on 24 May 2022 1550:from the original on 8 July 2021 1507:Vargas, Felipe (17 March 2022). 1326:from the original on 27 May 2022 1295:from the original on 27 May 2022 1233:from the original on 24 May 2022 888:According to a May 2022 poll by 573: 491:Chilean dictatorship (1973-1990) 346:taking possession of stolen wood 252: 243: 231: 220: 199: 189: 177: 165: 153: 142: 128: 117: 60:Mapuche conflict (Armed Clashes) 23: 16:Current ethnic conflict in Chile 7248:Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir 7229:Internal conflict in Bangladesh 6490:Basque Country (greater region) 6349:Guangdong Independence Movement 4820:Mapuche conflict (1997–present) 4788:Mexican Drug War (2006–present) 4676:Persecution of Uyghurs in China 4538:Fair Access and Benefit-Sharing 4222:Dakota Access Pipeline protests 3353: 3323: 3293: 3267: 3201: 3049:from the original on 6 May 2022 3035: 3009: 2938: 2908: 2877: 2816: 2786: 2739: 2709: 2648: 2617: 2587: 2564: 2462: 2437: 2412: 2382: 2352: 2300: 2164: 2125: 2045: 2006: 1981: 1949:MDP – Documento de Trabajo 4001 1936: 1826: 1796: 1741: 1712: 1690:Basadre, Pablo (2 April 2021). 1683: 1650: 1634:(in Spanish). 1 November 2020. 1589: 1562: 1500: 1442: 1413: 1391:Poblete, Jorge (11 July 2021). 1384: 1356: 1338: 1307: 942: 925: 908:Indigenous peoples in Argentina 7290:Sectarian violence in Pakistan 7215:Islamic State–Taliban conflict 6984:Ethnic violence in South Sudan 6909:Ethnic violence in South Sudan 6294:Assyrian independence movement 4586:2009 Peruvian political crisis 4096:Congress of Aboriginal Peoples 1276: 1245: 1132: 1045: 885:have made similar criticisms. 805:In October, Chilean President 1: 7539:Syrian–Turkish border clashes 7461:Iran–Israel conflict in Syria 7243:Insurgency in Northeast India 7039:Religious violence in Nigeria 7019:Communal conflicts in Nigeria 6429:Vojvodina Autonomist Movement 6424:Tibetan independence movement 6354:Hawaiian sovereignty movement 6314:Faroese independence movement 6299:Catalan independence movement 4417:Council of Indigenous Peoples 3727:Resistencia Ancestral Mapuche 2334:Latin American Herald Tribune 2200:Latin American Herald Tribune 2058:Munich Personal RePEc Archive 1569:Vidal, Aldo (27 April 2011). 974: 913:Resistencia Ancestral Mapuche 348:. Others have been linked to 172:Resistencia Ancestral Mapuche 7352:Conflicts in the Philippines 6962:Jihadist insurgency in Niger 6510:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria 6419:Taiwan independence movement 6394:Ryukyu independence movement 6304:Champa independence movement 6284:Alsace independence movement 4783:Chiapas conflict (1994–2014) 4601:Expulsion of the Chagossians 3707:Consejo de Todas las Tierras 2922:(in Spanish). 16 June 2021. 2548:. CNN Chile. 30 April 2013. 1449:Romo, Samuel (1 June 2021). 538:1996–2004: Ralco controversy 7: 7593:Russian invasion of Ukraine 7502:DHKP/C insurgency in Turkey 7497:Maoist insurgency in Turkey 7095:Jamaican political conflict 7046:Conflict in the Niger Delta 6374:Mapuche separatist movement 4397:Government of Bashkortostan 4262:American Indian reservation 4131:Native American Rights Fund 3815:Desert Campaign (1833–1834) 3790:Araucanization of Patagonia 3712:Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco 3447: 2307:Daniel (16 November 2022). 1838:September 29, 2023, at the 1352:(in Spanish). 23 July 2022. 1009:Boccara, Guillaume (2002). 933:Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco 903:Indigenous peoples in Chile 896: 624:Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco 338:Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco 330:Occupation of the Araucanía 195:Resistencia Mapuche Malleco 160:Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco 10: 7702: 7578:Georgian–Ossetian conflict 7468:Kurdish separatism in Iran 7446:Iran–Israel proxy conflict 7395:Georgian–Ossetian conflict 7253:Naxalite–Maoist insurgency 7136:Ecuadorian security crisis 7068:Western Togoland Rebellion 6979:Sudanese nomadic conflicts 6409:Silesian Autonomy Movement 6289:Assam separatist movements 5444:Northern & Middle Asia 4352:Fundação Nacional do Índio 2269:10.1163/157181102400821586 1478:Mora, Igor (5 June 2021). 1023:10.4000/etudesrurales.7984 661:2010 Mapuche hunger strike 658: 421:Colonial times (1541-1810) 409: 377:human rights organizations 7671:Argentina–Chile relations 7603: 7565: 7558: 7456:Hezbollah–Israel conflict 7382: 7374:South Thailand insurgency 7340:Conflict in Rakhine State 7300: 7202: 7186: 7170: 7163: 7123: 7105:Salvadoran gang crackdown 7087: 7080: 7011: 6947:Insurgency in the Maghreb 6934: 6869: 6799: 6792: 6726: 6678: 6452: 6414:Székely autonomy movement 6276: 6103: 6068: 6023: 5953: 5912: 5894: 5887: 5842: 5799: 5792: 5767: 5731: 5703: 5696: 5623: 5533: 5526: 5491: 5443: 5397: 5312: 5239: 5151: 5144: 5109: 5088: 5047: 5040: 5020: 4999: 4963: 4915: 4908: 4899: 4843: 4812: 4796: 4775: 4752: 4747:conflicts in the Americas 4684: 4568: 4505: 4480: 4437: 4329: 4322: 4163: 4086:Assembly of First Nations 4071: 3979: 3918: 3745: 3699: 3628: 3497: 3486: 3455: 3301:"A Repressive Status Quo" 1372:(in Spanish). 18 May 2022 1104:10.1177/00223433211064778 1092:Journal of Peace Research 844:Claims of organized crime 786:On 20 December 2019, the 754:Chilean Antiterrorist Law 262: 213: 110: 64: 59: 32:This article needs to be 7034:Nigerian bandit conflict 6914:Insurgency in Mozambique 6882:Ethiopian civil conflict 6842:Western DR Congo clashes 6344:Greenlandic independence 4576:Chechen–Russian conflict 4427:Bureau of Indian Affairs 1943:Jaimovich; Dany (2018). 918: 720:, Araucanía Region. The 7110:Honduran gang crackdown 7001:Western Saharan clashes 6996:Western Sahara conflict 6952:Insurgency in the Sahel 6786:Ongoing armed conflicts 4621:Little Danes experiment 4407:Government of Tatarstan 4074:political organizations 3830:Occupation of Araucanía 2474:28 January 2013 at the 2251:Nesti, Lorenzo (2002). 1810:(in European Spanish). 939:guerrillas in Colombia. 673:Between 2010 and 2011, 471:occupation of Araucania 416:Occupation of Araucanía 319:other indigenous groups 7432:Saudi–led intervention 7260:Insurgency in Pakistan 7141:Insurgency in Paraguay 6369:Māori protest movement 4606:High Arctic relocation 4508:Declarations of Rights 4205:Cultural appropriation 4136:Survival International 3825:Conquest of the Desert 3810:Camino de los chilenos 2660:Misión Jesuita Mapuche 2576:7 October 2015 at the 2522:5 January 2013 at the 2449:4 January 2013 at the 2177:4 January 2022 at the 2132:Felipe Jordán (2021). 963:, subsecretary of the 771:Misión Jesuita Mapuche 670: 615: 437: 334:Conquest of the Desert 315:Francisco Huenchumilla 313:conflict; others like 310:big forestry companies 286: 214:Commanders and leaders 7686:21st century in Chile 7681:20th century in Chile 7220:Republican insurgency 7024:Boko Haram insurgency 6399:Scottish independence 6364:Kashubian Association 6086:Indigenous Australian 4611:Human rights in Tibet 4338:Aotearoa-New Zealand 4232:Fortress conservation 4034:Traditional knowledge 3997:Intellectual property 3722:Mapuche football team 2685:S.A.P., El Mercurio. 1988:Bengoa, Jose (2000). 879:Amnesty International 831:Visit by Izkia Siches 668: 613: 497:military dictatorship 428: 410:Further information: 406:Historical background 381:Amnesty International 263:Casualties and losses 7666:History of Patagonia 7534:Russian intervention 7524:Inter-rebel conflict 7478:Western Iran clashes 7451:Gaza–Israel conflict 6605:Marathi Abhimaangeet 6404:Siberian regionalism 4635:Residential schools 4581:Sri Lankan Civil War 4323:Legal representation 4292:Urban Indian reserve 4181:Internal colonialism 4072:Non-governmental and 4027:in the United States 3700:Extant organizations 3045:. 25 December 2021. 2424:4 March 2013 at the 1017:(163/164): 283–303. 7588:Russo-Ukrainian War 7285:Insurgency in Sindh 7265:Insurgency in Sindh 6942:Insurgency in Egypt 6887:Afar–Somali clashes 6696:American Indigenous 6329:Free Papua Movement 5739:Balkar and Karachay 5534:Southeastern Europe 5065:Indigenous Canadian 4186:Settler colonialism 3765:Battle of the Maule 3570:Rüxafe (silverwork) 953:José Miguel Vivanco 685:January 2013 events 485:Chilean land reform 478:reservations named 370:political prisoners 326:return of democracy 258:Facundo Jones Huala 7473:Iran–PJAK conflict 7335:Karen–Mon conflict 7131:Colombian conflict 6924:Operation Atalanta 6827:Insurgency in Chad 6741:ethnic nationalism 6444:Welsh independence 6324:Free Aceh Movement 5556:in North Macedonia 5398:South-eastern Asia 4893:Ethnic nationalism 4671:Stolen Generations 4472:BBNJ ABS Committee 4227:Discovery doctrine 4171:Civilizing mission 4012:Self-determination 2279:– via JSTOR. 2185:274 (Spring 2015). 2183:Middle East Report 949:Human Rights Watch 869:Anti-Terrorism Law 671: 655:2010 hunger strike 633:The government of 616: 585:. You can help by 480:titulos de merced. 438: 7628: 7627: 7624: 7623: 7573:Abkhazia conflict 7554: 7553: 7390:Abkhazia conflict 7345:Rohingya conflict 7315:Myanmar civil war 7194:Xinjiang conflict 7159: 7158: 7146:Peruvian conflict 7115:Gang war in Haiti 7076: 7075: 6812:Anglophone Crisis 6752: 6751: 6495:Catalan Countries 6099: 6098: 6064: 6063: 6019: 6018: 5883: 5882: 5788: 5787: 5522: 5521: 5140: 5139: 5036: 5035: 4859: 4858: 4710: 4709: 4695:Indigenous rights 4564: 4563: 4497:Indigenous Caucus 4438:Intergovernmental 4287:Russian republics 4257:Autonomous okrugs 4106:Cultural Survival 3934: 3933: 3914: 3913: 3891:Las Canoas (1793) 3737:Weichán Auka Mapu 3274:McGowan, Charis. 2993:. 5 August 2021. 2859:www.aljazeera.com 2753:Los Angeles Times 2582:Radio Cooperativa 2170:Baeza, Cecilia. " 1427:Radio Agricultura 695:molotov cocktails 635:Michelle Bachelet 603: 602: 287:conflicto mapuche 275: 274: 184:Weichán Auka Mapu 106: 105: 53: 52: 7693: 7676:Ethnic conflicts 7641:Mapuche conflict 7563: 7562: 7514:Daraa insurgency 7509:Syrian civil war 7439:Yemeni Civil war 7310:Myanmar conflict 7168: 7167: 7151:Mapuche conflict 7100:Mexican drug war 7085: 7084: 6974:Sinai insurgency 6919:Somali Civil War 6797: 6796: 6779: 6772: 6765: 6756: 6755: 6745: 6630:Republika Srpska 6439:Walloon Movement 6319:Flemish Movement 5892: 5891: 5797: 5796: 5701: 5700: 5531: 5530: 5149: 5148: 5045: 5044: 4913: 4912: 4906: 4905: 4886: 4879: 4872: 4863: 4862: 4737: 4730: 4723: 4714: 4713: 4692: 4691: 4626:Mapuche conflict 4596:Chiapas conflict 4591:Alta controversy 4569:Historical cases 4327: 4326: 4309:Rainbow Warriors 4299:Manifest destiny 3987:Ancestral domain 3961: 3954: 3947: 3938: 3937: 3924: 3923: 3846: 3845: 3840:Mapuche conflict 3770:Spanish invasion 3492: 3442: 3435: 3428: 3419: 3418: 3412: 3411: 3409: 3407: 3396:"Encuesta Cadem" 3392: 3381: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3367:. 31 July 2013. 3357: 3351: 3350: 3348: 3346: 3327: 3321: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3297: 3291: 3290: 3288: 3286: 3271: 3265: 3264: 3262: 3260: 3238: 3225: 3224: 3222: 3220: 3205: 3199: 3198: 3196: 3194: 3179: 3160: 3159: 3157: 3155: 3140: 3105: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3086: 3059: 3058: 3056: 3054: 3039: 3033: 3032: 3030: 3028: 3013: 3007: 3006: 3004: 3002: 2987: 2981: 2980: 2974: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2942: 2936: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2912: 2906: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2884:Chile, C. N. N. 2881: 2875: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2851: 2845: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2820: 2814: 2813: 2811: 2809: 2790: 2784: 2783: 2777: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2743: 2737: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2721:www.mapuche.info 2713: 2707: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2682: 2676: 2675: 2673: 2671: 2652: 2646: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2624:Cooperativa.cl. 2621: 2615: 2614: 2612: 2610: 2591: 2585: 2568: 2562: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2542: 2533: 2514: 2505: 2496: 2485: 2466: 2460: 2441: 2435: 2416: 2410: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2386: 2380: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2356: 2350: 2349: 2347: 2345: 2326: 2317: 2316: 2304: 2298: 2297: 2290: 2281: 2280: 2248: 2233: 2232: 2225: 2216: 2215: 2213: 2211: 2192: 2186: 2168: 2162: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2129: 2123: 2122: 2120: 2118: 2112: 2105: 2097: 2088: 2087: 2081: 2073: 2071: 2069: 2049: 2043: 2042: 2036: 2028: 2010: 2004: 2003: 1985: 1979: 1978: 1972: 1964: 1962: 1960: 1940: 1934: 1933: 1921: 1842: 1830: 1824: 1823: 1821: 1819: 1800: 1794: 1793: 1791: 1789: 1779: 1768: 1767: 1765: 1763: 1745: 1739: 1738: 1736: 1734: 1716: 1710: 1709: 1707: 1705: 1687: 1681: 1680: 1678: 1676: 1654: 1648: 1647: 1645: 1643: 1624: 1618: 1617: 1615: 1613: 1593: 1587: 1586: 1584: 1582: 1566: 1560: 1559: 1557: 1555: 1536: 1527: 1526: 1524: 1522: 1504: 1498: 1497: 1495: 1493: 1475: 1469: 1468: 1466: 1464: 1446: 1440: 1439: 1437: 1435: 1417: 1411: 1410: 1408: 1406: 1388: 1382: 1381: 1379: 1377: 1360: 1354: 1353: 1342: 1336: 1335: 1333: 1331: 1311: 1305: 1304: 1302: 1300: 1280: 1274: 1273: 1271: 1269: 1252:Chile, C. N. N. 1249: 1243: 1242: 1240: 1238: 1216: 1207: 1206: 1204: 1202: 1182: 1173: 1166: 1157: 1156: 1154: 1152: 1136: 1130: 1129: 1123: 1115: 1083: 1074: 1073: 1071: 1069: 1049: 1043: 1042: 1006: 968: 957:Sebastián Piñera 946: 940: 929: 857:New constitution 807:Sebastián Piñera 711:Araucanía Region 699:Estación Mapocho 598: 595: 577: 570: 350:drug trafficking 279:Mapuche conflict 257: 256: 255: 248: 247: 246: 236: 235: 234: 225: 224: 223: 204: 203: 202: 194: 193: 192: 182: 181: 180: 170: 169: 168: 158: 157: 156: 147: 146: 145: 134: 132: 131: 122: 121: 120: 66: 65: 57: 56: 48: 45: 39: 27: 26: 19: 7701: 7700: 7696: 7695: 7694: 7692: 7691: 7690: 7661:2020s conflicts 7656:2010s conflicts 7651:2000s conflicts 7646:1990s conflicts 7631: 7630: 7629: 7620: 7599: 7550: 7529:Rojava conflict 7519:Desert campaign 7378: 7320:Kachin conflict 7302: 7296: 7210:Afghan conflict 7198: 7182: 7178:Korean conflict 7155: 7119: 7072: 7061:Azawad conflict 7007: 6930: 6865: 6788: 6783: 6753: 6748: 6730: 6722: 6674: 6610:Northern Epirus 6580:Ketuanan Melayu 6448: 6334:Future of Åland 6272: 6208:Native American 6105:Pan-nationalism 6095: 6060: 6024:Northern Europe 6015: 5949: 5908: 5888:Southern Europe 5879: 5838: 5784: 5763: 5727: 5692: 5619: 5518: 5487: 5439: 5393: 5308: 5235: 5136: 5105: 5084: 5075:Native American 5032: 5021:Southern Africa 5016: 4995: 4959: 4901: 4895: 4890: 4860: 4855: 4839: 4808: 4797:Central America 4792: 4771: 4748: 4741: 4711: 4706: 4701:Minority rights 4680: 4666:San controversy 4560: 4534:Nagoya Protocol 4507: 4501: 4484: 4482: 4476: 4439: 4433: 4331: 4318: 4159: 4073: 4067: 3975: 3973:minority rights 3965: 3935: 3930: 3910: 3844: 3805:Guerra a muerte 3741: 3695: 3624: 3493: 3484: 3451: 3446: 3416: 3415: 3405: 3403: 3398:. 22 May 2022. 3394: 3393: 3384: 3374: 3372: 3359: 3358: 3354: 3344: 3342: 3329: 3328: 3324: 3314: 3312: 3299: 3298: 3294: 3284: 3282: 3272: 3268: 3258: 3256: 3246:Washington Post 3240: 3239: 3228: 3218: 3216: 3208:Loncón, Elisa. 3206: 3202: 3192: 3190: 3180: 3163: 3153: 3151: 3141: 3108: 3098: 3096: 3088: 3087: 3062: 3052: 3050: 3041: 3040: 3036: 3026: 3024: 3015: 3014: 3010: 3000: 2998: 2989: 2988: 2984: 2968: 2967: 2960: 2958: 2943: 2939: 2929: 2927: 2914: 2913: 2909: 2899: 2897: 2882: 2878: 2868: 2866: 2853: 2852: 2848: 2838: 2836: 2821: 2817: 2807: 2805: 2792: 2791: 2787: 2771: 2770: 2763: 2761: 2744: 2740: 2730: 2728: 2715: 2714: 2710: 2700: 2698: 2683: 2679: 2669: 2667: 2653: 2649: 2639: 2637: 2622: 2618: 2608: 2606: 2593: 2592: 2588: 2578:Wayback Machine 2569: 2565: 2555: 2553: 2544: 2543: 2536: 2524:Wayback Machine 2515: 2508: 2497: 2488: 2476:Wayback Machine 2467: 2463: 2451:Wayback Machine 2442: 2438: 2426:Wayback Machine 2417: 2413: 2403: 2401: 2396:. 25 May 2011. 2388: 2387: 2383: 2373: 2371: 2366:. 9 June 2011. 2358: 2357: 2353: 2343: 2341: 2328: 2327: 2320: 2305: 2301: 2292: 2291: 2284: 2249: 2236: 2227: 2226: 2219: 2209: 2207: 2194: 2193: 2189: 2179:Wayback Machine 2169: 2165: 2155: 2153: 2130: 2126: 2116: 2114: 2110: 2103: 2099: 2098: 2091: 2075: 2074: 2067: 2065: 2050: 2046: 2030: 2029: 2025: 2011: 2007: 2000: 1986: 1982: 1966: 1965: 1958: 1956: 1941: 1937: 1922: 1845: 1840:Wayback Machine 1831: 1827: 1817: 1815: 1802: 1801: 1797: 1787: 1785: 1781: 1780: 1771: 1761: 1759: 1746: 1742: 1732: 1730: 1717: 1713: 1703: 1701: 1688: 1684: 1674: 1672: 1655: 1651: 1641: 1639: 1626: 1625: 1621: 1611: 1609: 1594: 1590: 1580: 1578: 1567: 1563: 1553: 1551: 1544:www.amnesty.org 1538: 1537: 1530: 1520: 1518: 1505: 1501: 1491: 1489: 1476: 1472: 1462: 1460: 1447: 1443: 1433: 1431: 1418: 1414: 1404: 1402: 1389: 1385: 1375: 1373: 1362: 1361: 1357: 1350:mapuexpress.org 1344: 1343: 1339: 1329: 1327: 1312: 1308: 1298: 1296: 1281: 1277: 1267: 1265: 1250: 1246: 1236: 1234: 1217: 1210: 1200: 1198: 1183: 1176: 1167: 1160: 1150: 1148: 1137: 1133: 1117: 1116: 1084: 1077: 1067: 1065: 1052:Newman, Lucia. 1050: 1046: 1007: 982: 977: 972: 971: 961:Manuel Monsalve 947: 943: 930: 926: 921: 899: 871: 859: 846: 833: 762: 750:Andrés Chadwick 736:On April 30, a 687: 663: 657: 644: 608: 599: 593: 590: 583:needs expansion 540: 535: 516: 508:forestry sector 504:enclave economy 493: 459: 423: 418: 408: 385:MACEDA database 253: 251: 250: 244: 242: 232: 230: 229: 221: 219: 200: 198: 190: 188: 178: 176: 166: 164: 154: 152: 143: 141: 129: 127: 126: 118: 116: 92: 49: 43: 40: 37: 28: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7699: 7689: 7688: 7683: 7678: 7673: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7653: 7648: 7643: 7626: 7625: 7622: 7621: 7619: 7618: 7613: 7607: 7605: 7601: 7600: 7598: 7597: 7596: 7595: 7585: 7580: 7575: 7569: 7567: 7560: 7556: 7555: 7552: 7551: 7549: 7548: 7547: 7546: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7506: 7505: 7504: 7494: 7493: 7492: 7482: 7481: 7480: 7475: 7465: 7464: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7443: 7442: 7441: 7436: 7435: 7434: 7424: 7422:Qatif conflict 7414: 7413: 7412: 7402: 7397: 7392: 7386: 7384: 7380: 7379: 7377: 7376: 7371: 7369:Papua conflict 7366: 7365: 7364: 7359: 7349: 7348: 7347: 7342: 7337: 7332: 7330:Karen conflict 7327: 7322: 7317: 7306: 7304: 7298: 7297: 7295: 7294: 7293: 7292: 7287: 7282: 7277: 7272: 7267: 7256: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7239: 7238: 7237: 7236: 7225: 7224: 7223: 7222: 7217: 7206: 7204: 7200: 7199: 7197: 7196: 7190: 7188: 7184: 7183: 7181: 7180: 7174: 7172: 7165: 7161: 7160: 7157: 7156: 7154: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7127: 7125: 7121: 7120: 7118: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7091: 7089: 7082: 7078: 7077: 7074: 7073: 7071: 7070: 7065: 7064: 7063: 7053: 7048: 7043: 7042: 7041: 7036: 7031: 7026: 7015: 7013: 7009: 7008: 7006: 7005: 7004: 7003: 6993: 6988: 6987: 6986: 6976: 6971: 6966: 6965: 6964: 6959: 6954: 6944: 6938: 6936: 6932: 6931: 6929: 6928: 6927: 6926: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6905: 6904: 6899: 6897:Oromo conflict 6894: 6892:OLA insurgency 6889: 6879: 6877:ADF insurgency 6873: 6871: 6867: 6866: 6864: 6863: 6858: 6857: 6856: 6846: 6845: 6844: 6839: 6837:Ituri conflict 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6803: 6801: 6794: 6790: 6789: 6782: 6781: 6774: 6767: 6759: 6750: 6749: 6747: 6746: 6727: 6724: 6723: 6721: 6720: 6719: 6718: 6713: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6688: 6682: 6680: 6676: 6675: 6673: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6622: 6617: 6612: 6607: 6602: 6597: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6577: 6572: 6567: 6565:Karakalpakstan 6562: 6557: 6552: 6547: 6545:East Turkestan 6542: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6456: 6454: 6450: 6449: 6447: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6280: 6278: 6274: 6273: 6271: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6109: 6107: 6101: 6100: 6097: 6096: 6094: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6072: 6070: 6066: 6065: 6062: 6061: 6059: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6027: 6025: 6021: 6020: 6017: 6016: 6014: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5957: 5955: 5951: 5950: 5948: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5916: 5914: 5910: 5909: 5907: 5906: 5901: 5895: 5889: 5885: 5884: 5881: 5880: 5878: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5846: 5844: 5843:United Kingdom 5840: 5839: 5837: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5800: 5794: 5793:Western Europe 5790: 5789: 5786: 5785: 5783: 5782: 5777: 5771: 5769: 5765: 5764: 5762: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5735: 5733: 5732:North Caucasus 5729: 5728: 5726: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5704: 5698: 5697:Eastern Europe 5694: 5693: 5691: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5664: 5663: 5658: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5627: 5625: 5624:Central Europe 5621: 5620: 5618: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5605:Romani (Gypsy) 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5586: 5585: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5559: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5537: 5535: 5528: 5524: 5523: 5520: 5519: 5517: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5495: 5493: 5492:South Caucasus 5489: 5488: 5486: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5464: 5463: 5461:South Mongolia 5453: 5447: 5445: 5441: 5440: 5438: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5401: 5399: 5395: 5394: 5392: 5391: 5386: 5385: 5384: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5333: 5332: 5322: 5316: 5314: 5310: 5309: 5307: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5265: 5264: 5254: 5249: 5243: 5241: 5237: 5236: 5234: 5233: 5228: 5227: 5226: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5190: 5189: 5184: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5155: 5153: 5146: 5142: 5141: 5138: 5137: 5135: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5113: 5111: 5107: 5106: 5104: 5103: 5098: 5092: 5090: 5086: 5085: 5083: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5051: 5049: 5042: 5038: 5037: 5034: 5033: 5031: 5030: 5024: 5022: 5018: 5017: 5015: 5014: 5009: 5003: 5001: 4997: 4996: 4994: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4967: 4965: 4961: 4960: 4958: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4946: 4945: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4919: 4917: 4910: 4903: 4897: 4896: 4889: 4888: 4881: 4874: 4866: 4857: 4856: 4854: 4853: 4847: 4845: 4844:Related topics 4841: 4840: 4838: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4816: 4814: 4810: 4809: 4807: 4806: 4800: 4798: 4794: 4793: 4791: 4790: 4785: 4779: 4777: 4773: 4772: 4770: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4753: 4750: 4749: 4740: 4739: 4732: 4725: 4717: 4708: 4707: 4705: 4704: 4685: 4682: 4681: 4679: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4657: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4616:Indian removal 4613: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4572: 4570: 4566: 4565: 4562: 4561: 4559: 4558: 4552: 4546: 4540: 4530: 4524: 4518: 4511: 4509: 4503: 4502: 4500: 4499: 4494: 4488: 4486: 4481:Indigenous-led 4478: 4477: 4475: 4474: 4469: 4468: 4467: 4459: 4457:Arctic Council 4454: 4453: 4452: 4446:African Union 4443: 4441: 4435: 4434: 4432: 4431: 4430: 4429: 4421: 4420: 4419: 4411: 4410: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4386: 4385: 4384: 4376: 4375: 4374: 4366: 4365: 4364: 4356: 4355: 4354: 4346: 4345: 4344: 4342:Te Puni Kōkiri 4335: 4333: 4324: 4320: 4319: 4317: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4304:Plastic shaman 4301: 4296: 4295: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4272:Indian reserve 4269: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4244: 4239: 4237:Green grabbing 4234: 4229: 4224: 4219: 4218: 4217: 4212: 4210:Sports mascots 4202: 4201: 4200: 4198:Bioprospecting 4190: 4189: 4188: 4183: 4173: 4167: 4165: 4161: 4160: 4158: 4157: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4077: 4075: 4069: 4068: 4066: 4065: 4064: 4063: 4061:in New Zealand 4058: 4048: 4047: 4046: 4041: 4031: 4030: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3983: 3981: 3977: 3976: 3967:International 3964: 3963: 3956: 3949: 3941: 3932: 3931: 3919: 3916: 3915: 3912: 3911: 3909: 3908: 3906:Coz Coz (1907) 3903: 3898: 3896:Tapihue (1825) 3893: 3888: 3886:Negrete (1793) 3883: 3881:Negrete (1726) 3878: 3876:Malloco (1671) 3873: 3868: 3866:Quillín (1647) 3863: 3861:Quillín (1641) 3858: 3856:Paicaví (1612) 3852: 3850: 3843: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3772: 3767: 3762: 3757: 3751: 3749: 3743: 3742: 3740: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3703: 3701: 3697: 3696: 3694: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3632: 3630: 3629:Related groups 3626: 3625: 3623: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3587: 3582: 3577: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3547: 3542: 3537: 3532: 3527: 3522: 3517: 3512: 3507: 3501: 3499: 3495: 3494: 3487: 3485: 3483: 3482: 3477: 3476: 3475: 3465: 3459: 3457: 3453: 3452: 3445: 3444: 3437: 3430: 3422: 3414: 3413: 3382: 3352: 3322: 3292: 3266: 3226: 3200: 3161: 3106: 3060: 3034: 3008: 2982: 2953:(in Spanish). 2937: 2907: 2892:(in Spanish). 2876: 2846: 2815: 2785: 2738: 2708: 2693:(in Spanish). 2677: 2647: 2632:(in Spanish). 2630:Cooperativa.cl 2616: 2586: 2563: 2534: 2506: 2486: 2461: 2436: 2411: 2381: 2351: 2318: 2299: 2282: 2234: 2217: 2187: 2163: 2124: 2089: 2044: 2023: 2005: 1998: 1980: 1935: 1843: 1825: 1795: 1769: 1740: 1711: 1682: 1667:(in Spanish). 1649: 1619: 1604:(in Spanish). 1588: 1561: 1546:. 5 May 2018. 1528: 1499: 1470: 1441: 1412: 1383: 1355: 1337: 1306: 1275: 1260:(in Spanish). 1244: 1229:(in Spanish). 1208: 1174: 1158: 1131: 1098:(6): 903–912. 1075: 1044: 1015:Études rurales 979: 978: 976: 973: 970: 969: 941: 935:training with 923: 922: 920: 917: 916: 915: 910: 905: 898: 895: 875:United Nations 870: 867: 858: 855: 845: 842: 832: 829: 828: 827: 824: 821: 818: 761: 758: 686: 683: 659:Main article: 656: 653: 643: 640: 628:direct actions 607: 606:2009 incidents 604: 601: 600: 580: 578: 539: 536: 534: 531: 515: 512: 492: 489: 458: 455: 422: 419: 407: 404: 354:Nicolás Maduro 273: 272: 269: 265: 264: 260: 259: 249:Héctor Llaitul 240: 216: 215: 211: 210: 209: 208: 196: 186: 174: 162: 138: 113: 112: 108: 107: 104: 103: 98: 94: 93: 80: 78: 74: 73: 72:1990 – present 70: 62: 61: 51: 50: 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7698: 7687: 7684: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7638: 7636: 7617: 7616:Loyalist feud 7614: 7612: 7609: 7608: 7606: 7602: 7594: 7591: 7590: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7570: 7568: 7564: 7561: 7557: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7511: 7510: 7507: 7503: 7500: 7499: 7498: 7495: 7491: 7488: 7487: 7486: 7483: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7470: 7469: 7466: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7448: 7447: 7444: 7440: 7437: 7433: 7430: 7429: 7428: 7427:Yemeni crisis 7425: 7423: 7420: 7419: 7418: 7415: 7411: 7408: 7407: 7406: 7405:Iraq conflict 7403: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7388: 7387: 7385: 7381: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7354: 7353: 7350: 7346: 7343: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7333: 7331: 7328: 7326: 7325:Kalay clashes 7323: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7313: 7312: 7311: 7308: 7307: 7305: 7299: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7283: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7262: 7261: 7258: 7257: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7240: 7235: 7232: 7231: 7230: 7227: 7226: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7212: 7211: 7208: 7207: 7205: 7201: 7195: 7192: 7191: 7189: 7185: 7179: 7176: 7175: 7173: 7169: 7166: 7162: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7128: 7126: 7122: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7092: 7090: 7086: 7083: 7079: 7069: 7066: 7062: 7059: 7058: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7021: 7020: 7017: 7016: 7014: 7010: 7002: 6999: 6998: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6991:War in Darfur 6989: 6985: 6982: 6981: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6969:Libyan Crisis 6967: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6949: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6939: 6937: 6933: 6925: 6922: 6921: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6903: 6902:War in Amhara 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6884: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6874: 6872: 6868: 6862: 6859: 6855: 6854:M23 offensive 6852: 6851: 6850: 6849:Kivu conflict 6847: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6834: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6804: 6802: 6798: 6795: 6791: 6787: 6780: 6775: 6773: 6768: 6766: 6761: 6760: 6757: 6743: 6742: 6738: 6737:ethnic groups 6734: 6729: 6728: 6725: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6693: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6686:Local (China) 6684: 6683: 6681: 6677: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6550:Herzeg-Bosnia 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6457: 6455: 6451: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6281: 6279: 6275: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6110: 6108: 6106: 6102: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6073: 6071: 6067: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6028: 6026: 6022: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5958: 5956: 5952: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5917: 5915: 5911: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5896: 5893: 5890: 5886: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5847: 5845: 5841: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5801: 5798: 5795: 5791: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5772: 5770: 5766: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5736: 5734: 5730: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5705: 5702: 5699: 5695: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5653: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5628: 5626: 5622: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5584: 5581: 5580: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5543: 5542: 5539: 5538: 5536: 5532: 5529: 5525: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5496: 5494: 5490: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5462: 5459: 5458: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5448: 5446: 5442: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5402: 5400: 5396: 5390: 5387: 5383: 5380: 5379: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5331: 5330:in Bangladesh 5328: 5327: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5317: 5315: 5313:Southern Asia 5311: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5263: 5260: 5259: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5244: 5242: 5238: 5232: 5229: 5225: 5222: 5221: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5179: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5156: 5154: 5150: 5147: 5143: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5114: 5112: 5110:South America 5108: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5093: 5091: 5087: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5052: 5050: 5048:North America 5046: 5043: 5039: 5029: 5026: 5025: 5023: 5019: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5004: 5002: 4998: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4968: 4966: 4962: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4944: 4941: 4940: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4920: 4918: 4914: 4911: 4907: 4904: 4898: 4894: 4887: 4882: 4880: 4875: 4873: 4868: 4867: 4864: 4852: 4851:War on Terror 4849: 4848: 4846: 4842: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4817: 4815: 4813:South America 4811: 4805: 4802: 4801: 4799: 4795: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4780: 4778: 4776:North America 4774: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4754: 4751: 4746: 4738: 4733: 4731: 4726: 4724: 4719: 4718: 4715: 4703: 4702: 4697: 4696: 4687: 4686: 4683: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4655: 4654:United States 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4636: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4573: 4571: 4567: 4557: 4553: 4551: 4547: 4545: 4541: 4539: 4535: 4531: 4529: 4525: 4523: 4519: 4517: 4513: 4512: 4510: 4504: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4489: 4487: 4483:international 4479: 4473: 4470: 4466: 4463: 4462: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4451: 4448: 4447: 4445: 4444: 4442: 4436: 4428: 4425: 4424: 4422: 4418: 4415: 4414: 4412: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4389: 4387: 4383: 4380: 4379: 4377: 4373: 4370: 4369: 4367: 4363: 4360: 4359: 4357: 4353: 4350: 4349: 4347: 4343: 4340: 4339: 4337: 4336: 4334: 4328: 4325: 4321: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4267:Indian colony 4265: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4249: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4207: 4206: 4203: 4199: 4196: 4195: 4194: 4191: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4178: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4168: 4166: 4162: 4155: 4154: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4078: 4076: 4070: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4053: 4052: 4051:Treaty rights 4049: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4036: 4035: 4032: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4014: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3984: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3962: 3957: 3955: 3950: 3948: 3943: 3942: 3939: 3929: 3928: 3917: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3901:Toltén (1869) 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3853: 3851: 3847: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3835:1881 uprising 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3800:1766 uprising 3798: 3796: 3795:1723 uprising 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3760:Inca invasion 3758: 3756: 3753: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3744: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3704: 3702: 3698: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3633: 3631: 3627: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3556: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3518: 3516: 3513: 3511: 3508: 3506: 3503: 3502: 3500: 3496: 3491: 3481: 3478: 3474: 3471: 3470: 3469: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3460: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3443: 3438: 3436: 3431: 3429: 3424: 3423: 3420: 3401: 3397: 3391: 3389: 3387: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3356: 3340: 3336: 3335:www.ohchr.org 3332: 3326: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3296: 3281: 3277: 3270: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3237: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3215: 3211: 3204: 3189: 3185: 3178: 3176: 3174: 3172: 3170: 3168: 3166: 3150: 3146: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3095: 3091: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3048: 3044: 3038: 3022: 3018: 3012: 2996: 2992: 2986: 2978: 2972: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2941: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2911: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2880: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2850: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2819: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2789: 2781: 2775: 2759: 2755: 2754: 2749: 2742: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2712: 2696: 2692: 2691:LaSegunda.com 2688: 2681: 2665: 2661: 2658: 2651: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2620: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2590: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2572: 2567: 2551: 2547: 2541: 2539: 2531: 2530: 2525: 2521: 2518: 2513: 2511: 2503: 2502: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2483: 2482: 2477: 2473: 2470: 2465: 2458: 2457: 2452: 2448: 2445: 2440: 2433: 2432: 2427: 2423: 2420: 2415: 2399: 2395: 2394:Bio Bio Chile 2391: 2385: 2369: 2365: 2364:Bio Bio Chile 2361: 2355: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2325: 2323: 2314: 2310: 2303: 2295: 2289: 2287: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2230: 2224: 2222: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2191: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2173: 2167: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2128: 2109: 2102: 2096: 2094: 2085: 2079: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2048: 2040: 2034: 2026: 2020: 2016: 2009: 2001: 1999:956-28-2232-X 1995: 1991: 1984: 1976: 1970: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1939: 1931: 1927: 1920: 1918: 1916: 1914: 1912: 1910: 1908: 1906: 1904: 1902: 1900: 1898: 1896: 1894: 1892: 1890: 1888: 1886: 1884: 1882: 1880: 1878: 1876: 1874: 1872: 1870: 1868: 1866: 1864: 1862: 1860: 1858: 1856: 1854: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1841: 1837: 1834: 1829: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1799: 1784: 1778: 1776: 1774: 1757: 1756: 1751: 1744: 1728: 1727: 1722: 1715: 1699: 1698: 1693: 1686: 1670: 1666: 1665: 1660: 1653: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1623: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1592: 1576: 1572: 1565: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1535: 1533: 1516: 1515: 1510: 1503: 1487: 1486: 1481: 1474: 1458: 1457: 1452: 1445: 1429: 1428: 1423: 1416: 1400: 1399: 1394: 1387: 1371: 1370: 1365: 1359: 1351: 1347: 1341: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1310: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1279: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1248: 1232: 1228: 1227: 1222: 1215: 1213: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1181: 1179: 1171: 1165: 1163: 1146: 1145:Nodal Cultura 1142: 1135: 1127: 1121: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1082: 1080: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1048: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1005: 1003: 1001: 999: 997: 995: 993: 991: 989: 987: 985: 980: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 945: 938: 934: 928: 924: 914: 911: 909: 906: 904: 901: 900: 894: 891: 886: 884: 880: 876: 866: 863: 854: 850: 841: 837: 825: 822: 819: 816: 815: 814: 810: 808: 803: 799: 795: 791: 789: 784: 781: 777: 772: 768: 757: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 738:freight train 734: 731: 727: 723: 719: 714: 712: 708: 707:Chile Route 5 704: 700: 696: 692: 682: 679: 676: 667: 662: 652: 648: 639: 636: 631: 629: 625: 621: 612: 597: 588: 584: 581:This section 579: 576: 572: 571: 568: 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 544: 530: 528: 523: 521: 511: 509: 505: 500: 498: 488: 486: 481: 476: 472: 467: 463: 454: 450: 446: 444: 435: 431: 427: 417: 413: 403: 399: 397: 393: 388: 386: 382: 378: 373: 371: 367: 363: 357: 355: 351: 347: 343: 339: 335: 331: 327: 322: 320: 316: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 292: 288: 284: 280: 270: 267: 266: 261: 241: 239: 228: 227:Gabriel Boric 218: 217: 212: 207: 197: 187: 185: 175: 173: 163: 161: 151: 150: 149: 139: 137: 125: 115: 114: 109: 102: 99: 96: 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 76: 75: 71: 68: 67: 63: 58: 55: 47: 35: 30: 21: 20: 7490:2015–present 7150: 6732: 6731: 6660:Székely Land 6625:Pashtunistan 6475:Balawaristan 6248:South Slavic 6238:Scandinavian 5768:Volga Region 5382:in Sri Lanka 5240:Eastern Asia 5126: 5101:Puerto Rican 4916:North Africa 4900:Nationalisms 4819: 4700: 4694: 4649:South Africa 4625: 4506:Treaties and 4378:Philippines 4330:Governmental 4152: 4081:Amazon Watch 4056:in Australia 4017:in Australia 3925: 3871:Boroa (1651) 3839: 3404:. Retrieved 3373:. Retrieved 3364: 3355: 3343:. Retrieved 3334: 3325: 3313:. Retrieved 3304: 3295: 3283:. Retrieved 3279: 3269: 3257:. Retrieved 3245: 3217:. Retrieved 3213: 3203: 3191:. Retrieved 3187: 3152:. Retrieved 3148: 3097:. Retrieved 3093: 3051:. Retrieved 3037: 3025:. Retrieved 3011: 2999:. Retrieved 2985: 2959:. Retrieved 2950: 2940: 2928:. Retrieved 2919: 2910: 2898:. Retrieved 2889: 2879: 2867:. Retrieved 2858: 2849: 2837:. Retrieved 2829:the Guardian 2828: 2818: 2806:. Retrieved 2797: 2788: 2762:. Retrieved 2751: 2741: 2729:. Retrieved 2720: 2711: 2699:. Retrieved 2690: 2680: 2668:. Retrieved 2659: 2650: 2638:. Retrieved 2629: 2619: 2607:. Retrieved 2598: 2589: 2566: 2554:. Retrieved 2527: 2499: 2479: 2464: 2454: 2439: 2429: 2414: 2404:24 September 2402:. Retrieved 2393: 2384: 2374:24 September 2372:. Retrieved 2363: 2354: 2342:. Retrieved 2333: 2312: 2302: 2260: 2256: 2208:. Retrieved 2199: 2190: 2182: 2166: 2154:. Retrieved 2137: 2127: 2115:. Retrieved 2078:cite journal 2066:. Retrieved 2057: 2047: 2014: 2008: 1989: 1983: 1969:cite journal 1957:. Retrieved 1948: 1938: 1929: 1828: 1816:. Retrieved 1808:www.censo.cl 1807: 1798: 1786:. Retrieved 1760:. Retrieved 1758:(in Spanish) 1753: 1743: 1731:. Retrieved 1729:(in Spanish) 1724: 1714: 1702:. Retrieved 1700:(in Spanish) 1695: 1685: 1673:. Retrieved 1664:El Mostrador 1662: 1652: 1640:. Retrieved 1632:El Mostrador 1631: 1622: 1610:. Retrieved 1601: 1591: 1579:. Retrieved 1564: 1552:. Retrieved 1543: 1519:. Retrieved 1517:(in Spanish) 1512: 1502: 1490:. Retrieved 1488:(in Spanish) 1485:Rebelion.org 1483: 1473: 1461:. Retrieved 1459:(in Spanish) 1456:El Mostrador 1454: 1444: 1432:. Retrieved 1430:(in Spanish) 1425: 1415: 1403:. Retrieved 1401:(in Spanish) 1396: 1386: 1374:. Retrieved 1367: 1358: 1349: 1340: 1328:. Retrieved 1319: 1309: 1297:. Retrieved 1288: 1278: 1266:. Retrieved 1257: 1247: 1235:. Retrieved 1224: 1199:. Retrieved 1190: 1151:23 September 1149:. Retrieved 1147:(in Spanish) 1144: 1134: 1120:cite journal 1095: 1091: 1066:. Retrieved 1057: 1047: 1014: 944: 927: 887: 872: 864: 860: 851: 847: 838: 834: 811: 804: 800: 796: 792: 785: 780:Pope Francis 763: 735: 715: 688: 680: 672: 649: 645: 632: 617: 594:October 2011 591: 587:adding to it 582: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 524: 517: 501: 494: 479: 475:Chilean Army 468: 464: 460: 451: 447: 439: 429: 400: 389: 374: 358: 356:government. 323: 278: 276: 238:Javier Milei 140: 111:Belligerents 54: 41: 33: 6817:Cabinda War 6665:Tamil Eelam 6645:Saraikistan 6525:Hatay State 6480:Balochistan 6434:Wallmapuwen 6128:Bangladeshi 5600:Montenegrin 5504:Azerbaijani 5468:Pan-Turkism 5209:Palestinian 5152:Middle East 5060:Greenlandic 4964:East Africa 4661:Rubber boom 4644:New Zealand 4176:Colonialism 4002:Land rights 3849:Parliaments 3732:Wallmapuwen 3610:We Tripantu 3053:26 December 3027:20 November 3001:5 September 2961:5 September 2951:El Universo 2930:5 September 2900:20 December 2869:5 September 2839:14 November 2808:14 November 2764:14 November 2501:El Mercurio 2263:(1): 1–40. 1833:2017 census 1581:25 December 1201:14 November 1191:Equal Times 289:) involves 7635:Categories 6711:Indigenous 6655:Sindhudesh 6635:Santa Cruz 6555:Hutu Power 6485:Bangsamoro 6076:Australian 6051:Lithuanian 5966:Andalusian 5744:Circassian 5708:Belarusian 5656:in Austria 5590:Macedonian 5546:in Albania 5435:Vietnamese 5269:Hongkonger 5262:chauvinist 4943:Pharaonism 4631:Oka Crisis 4314:Two-spirit 4039:ecological 3969:Indigenous 3775:Arauco War 3666:Promaucaes 3505:Aillarehue 3473:Placenames 3468:Mapudungun 3285:11 January 3280:Al Jazeera 3219:11 January 2731:14 October 2701:14 October 2670:14 October 2529:La Tercera 2481:La Tercera 2456:La Tercera 2431:La Tercera 2024:9562827097 1818:30 January 1726:La Tercera 1320:La Tercera 1289:La Tercera 1226:La Tercera 1058:Al Jazeera 975:References 746:Collipulli 726:La Tercera 722:prosecutor 703:La Tercera 412:Arauco War 291:indigenous 84:region of 7357:Communist 6615:Occitania 6600:Manchukuo 6590:Lezgistan 6585:Kurdistan 6530:Hazarajat 6515:Circassia 6277:Movements 6228:Pakistani 6203:Mongolian 6143:Congolese 6056:Norwegian 6046:Icelandic 6011:Valencian 6006:Navarrese 5991:Castilian 5971:Aragonese 5935:Sardinian 5718:Ukrainian 5688:Slovenian 5668:Hungarian 5583:in Cyprus 5563:Aromanian 5551:in Kosovo 5456:Mongolian 5372:Sinhalese 5342:Dravidian 5299:Taiwanese 5247:Cantonese 5224:in Cyprus 5194:Jordanian 5117:Argentine 5089:Caribbean 5080:Québécois 5028:Afrikaner 4282:Rancherie 4277:Ranchería 4252:Bantustan 4193:Biopiracy 4022:in Canada 3691:Tehuelche 3661:Pehuenche 3651:Mapochoes 3646:Huilliche 3550:Mythology 3515:Chemamull 3510:Butalmapu 3480:Tsesungún 3463:Huilliche 3254:0190-8286 2890:CNN Chile 2344:28 August 2210:28 August 2033:cite book 1788:28 August 1762:1 October 1755:BBC Mundo 1733:1 October 1704:1 October 1602:El Dínamo 1521:1 October 1463:1 October 1405:1 October 1376:1 October 1369:Swissinfo 1258:CNN Chile 1112:248144192 1031:0014-2182 951:Director 752:said the 620:Araucania 366:long guns 362:cover-ups 306:Argentina 298:Araucanía 136:Argentina 90:Argentina 82:Araucanía 44:June 2024 7362:Drug war 7081:Americas 7056:Mali War 6575:Katarism 6500:Chameria 6453:Projects 6258:Turanian 6253:Tunisian 6223:Oceanian 6213:Nigerian 6163:Hispanic 6158:Germanic 6148:European 6081:Hawaiian 6031:Estonian 6001:Galician 5986:Canarian 5976:Asturian 5945:Venetian 5940:Sicilian 5930:Padanian 5904:Corsican 5865:Scottish 5759:Ossetian 5678:Silesian 5661:Völkisch 5636:Bavarian 5631:Austrian 5610:Romanian 5595:Moldovan 5573:Croatian 5541:Albanian 5509:Georgian 5499:Armenian 5478:Siberian 5405:Filipino 5320:Assamese 5289:Okinawan 5274:Japanese 5204:Lebanese 5182:Diaspora 5164:Assyrian 5132:Peruvian 5041:Americas 4991:Tigrayan 4938:Egyptian 4745:Cold War 4242:Homeland 4153:more ... 4007:Language 3927:Category 3676:Picunche 3636:Boroanos 3615:Wenufoye 3600:Weichafe 3580:Textiles 3575:Religion 3555:Polygamy 3545:Military 3540:Medicine 3456:Language 3400:Archived 3369:Archived 3339:Archived 3309:Archived 3047:Archived 3021:Archived 2995:Archived 2971:cite web 2955:Archived 2924:Archived 2894:Archived 2863:Archived 2833:Archived 2802:Archived 2800:. 2018. 2798:BBC News 2774:cite web 2758:Archived 2725:Archived 2695:Archived 2664:Archived 2634:Archived 2603:Archived 2574:Archived 2550:Archived 2520:Archived 2472:Archived 2447:Archived 2422:Archived 2398:Archived 2368:Archived 2338:Archived 2313:Mongabar 2277:24675088 2204:Archived 2175:Archived 2150:Archived 2108:Archived 2062:Archived 1953:Archived 1836:Archived 1812:Archived 1669:Archived 1642:19 March 1636:Archived 1612:29 March 1606:Archived 1575:Archived 1548:Archived 1434:19 March 1324:Archived 1293:Archived 1262:Archived 1231:Archived 1195:Archived 1068:12 April 1062:Archived 1039:20122946 897:See also 881:and the 742:derailed 730:detained 691:Santiago 678:courts. 443:Pikunche 430:Wenufoye 379:such as 332:and the 77:Location 7187:Central 6800:Central 6650:Silesia 6620:Ossetia 6595:Luhansk 6570:Karelia 6560:Ilirida 6540:Donetsk 6465:Assyria 6268:Ugandan 6233:Russian 6178:Iranian 6168:Iberian 6138:Chinese 6113:African 6069:Oceania 6041:Finnish 6036:Faroese 5996:Catalan 5961:Spanish 5925:Lombard 5920:Italian 5860:English 5855:Cornish 5850:British 5834:Walloon 5829:Occitan 5814:Flemish 5804:Arpitan 5775:Chuvash 5723:Yiddish 5713:Russian 5646:Frisian 5615:Serbian 5568:Bosniak 5473:Pashtun 5389:Tripuri 5362:Punjabi 5325:Bengali 5304:Tibetan 5252:Chinese 5219:Turkish 5199:Kurdish 5187:Zionism 5178:Jewish 5169:Iranian 5127:Mapuche 5122:Criollo 5096:Haitian 5055:Chicano 5000:Nigeria 4955:Sahrawi 4413:Taiwan 4388:Russia 4368:Mexico 4358:Canada 4348:Brazil 4215:Redface 4044:medical 3780:Slavery 3747:History 3686:Ranquel 3671:Puelche 3656:Moluche 3620:Wünelfe 3498:Culture 3449:Mapuche 3365:UN News 3214:ReVista 2599:Tele 13 2556:26 July 2146:3938635 2117:5 April 2017:. LOM. 1992:. LOM. 1697:Ex-Ante 1398:Ex-Ante 1330:17 July 1299:17 July 1268:17 July 709:in the 473:by the 396:Malleco 294:Mapuche 283:Spanish 271:Unknown 268:Unknown 101:ongoing 34:updated 7559:Europe 7301:South- 6793:Africa 6706:German 6691:Racial 6535:Danzig 6520:Crimea 6505:Champa 6470:Azawad 6460:Arakan 6263:Turkic 6243:Slavic 6218:Nordic 6198:Libyan 6188:Korean 6173:Indian 6153:Finnic 6133:Celtic 5981:Basque 5899:Basque 5870:Ulster 5819:French 5809:Breton 5754:Lezgin 5749:Ingush 5683:Slovak 5673:Polish 5651:German 5527:Europe 5483:Uyghur 5451:Baloch 5367:Sindhi 5352:Meitei 5347:Hazara 5294:Ryukyu 5284:Manchu 5279:Korean 5214:Syrian 5070:Lakota 4986:Somali 4976:Amhara 4971:Acholi 4950:Kabyle 4933:Coptic 4928:Berber 4909:Africa 4639:Canada 4554:2024: 4548:2023: 4542:2018: 4532:2010: 4526:2007: 4520:1992: 4514:1989: 4485:bodies 4440:bodies 4332:bodies 4164:Issues 3980:Rights 3755:Origin 3641:Cuncos 3605:Werkén 3406:27 May 3375:5 July 3345:5 July 3315:5 July 3252: 2640:7 July 2609:7 July 2275: 2156:15 May 2144: 2068:14 May 2021: 1996: 1959:14 May 1675:27 May 1554:5 July 1492:5 July 1237:15 May 1110: 1037: 1029: 776:Temuco 767:Jesuit 718:Vilcún 434:a flag 392:Arauco 133: 97:Status 88:& 7234:Drugs 7203:South 7124:South 7088:North 6935:North 6716:White 6701:Black 6679:Other 6670:Tibet 6640:Sápmi 6193:Latin 6183:Iraqi 6123:Asian 6091:Māori 5954:Spain 5913:Italy 5875:Welsh 5824:Irish 5780:Tatar 5641:Czech 5578:Greek 5415:Malay 5410:Khmer 5377:Tamil 5174:Iraqi 5012:Ogoni 4743:Post– 4461:WIPO 3785:Malón 3595:Wampu 3590:Ulmen 3560:Rehue 3535:Machi 3530:Lonko 3520:Kalku 3305:NACLA 3259:4 May 3193:4 May 3154:4 May 3099:4 May 3094:NACLA 2273:JSTOR 2111:(PDF) 2104:(PDF) 1108:S2CID 1035:JSTOR 919:Notes 890:Cadem 744:near 520:Purén 342:theft 302:Chile 206:NANGU 124:Chile 86:Chile 7604:West 7566:East 7383:West 7303:east 7171:East 7164:Asia 7012:West 6870:East 6733:Note 6118:Arab 5430:Thai 5425:Shan 5357:Naga 5337:Bodo 5231:Zaza 5159:Arab 5145:Asia 5007:Igbo 4981:Hutu 4923:Arab 4423:USA 3971:and 3681:Poya 3585:Toki 3565:Ruka 3525:Kuel 3408:2022 3377:2021 3347:2021 3317:2021 3287:2024 3261:2023 3250:ISSN 3221:2024 3195:2023 3156:2023 3101:2023 3055:2021 3029:2021 3003:2021 2977:link 2963:2021 2932:2021 2902:2019 2871:2021 2841:2018 2810:2018 2780:link 2766:2018 2733:2018 2703:2018 2672:2018 2642:2018 2611:2018 2558:2022 2406:2018 2376:2018 2346:2009 2212:2009 2158:2022 2142:SSRN 2138:SSRN 2119:2022 2084:link 2070:2022 2039:link 2019:ISBN 1994:ISBN 1975:link 1961:2022 1820:2018 1790:2009 1764:2022 1735:2022 1706:2022 1677:2022 1644:2021 1614:2021 1583:2018 1556:2021 1523:2022 1514:Emol 1494:2021 1465:2022 1436:2021 1407:2022 1378:2022 1332:2020 1301:2020 1270:2020 1239:2022 1203:2018 1153:2022 1126:link 1070:2023 1027:ISSN 937:FARC 740:was 414:and 394:and 304:and 277:The 69:Date 5514:Laz 5420:Mon 5257:Han 4536:on 3188:WSJ 3149:WSJ 2265:doi 2181:." 1100:doi 1019:doi 589:. 372:". 7637:: 4902:in 4698:• 3385:^ 3363:. 3337:. 3333:. 3307:. 3303:. 3278:. 3248:. 3244:. 3229:^ 3212:. 3186:. 3164:^ 3147:. 3109:^ 3092:. 3063:^ 3019:. 2973:}} 2969:{{ 2949:. 2918:. 2888:. 2861:. 2857:. 2831:. 2827:. 2796:. 2776:}} 2772:{{ 2756:. 2750:. 2723:. 2719:. 2689:. 2662:. 2628:. 2597:. 2580:, 2537:^ 2526:, 2509:^ 2489:^ 2478:, 2453:, 2428:, 2392:. 2362:. 2336:. 2332:. 2321:^ 2311:. 2285:^ 2271:. 2259:. 2255:. 2237:^ 2220:^ 2202:. 2198:. 2148:. 2140:. 2136:. 2106:. 2092:^ 2080:}} 2076:{{ 2060:. 2056:. 2035:}} 2031:{{ 1971:}} 1967:{{ 1951:. 1947:. 1928:. 1846:^ 1806:. 1772:^ 1752:. 1723:. 1694:. 1661:. 1630:. 1600:. 1573:. 1542:. 1531:^ 1511:. 1482:. 1453:. 1424:. 1395:. 1366:. 1348:. 1322:. 1318:. 1291:. 1287:. 1256:. 1223:. 1211:^ 1193:. 1189:. 1177:^ 1161:^ 1143:. 1122:}} 1118:{{ 1106:. 1096:59 1094:. 1090:. 1078:^ 1060:. 1056:. 1033:. 1025:. 1013:. 983:^ 788:UN 713:. 432:, 398:. 321:. 285:: 6778:e 6771:t 6764:v 6744:. 4885:e 4878:t 4871:v 4736:e 4729:t 4722:v 4156:) 4150:( 3960:e 3953:t 3946:v 3441:e 3434:t 3427:v 3410:. 3379:. 3349:. 3319:. 3289:. 3263:. 3223:. 3197:. 3158:. 3103:. 3057:. 3031:. 3005:. 2979:) 2965:. 2934:. 2904:. 2873:. 2843:. 2812:. 2782:) 2768:. 2735:. 2705:. 2674:. 2644:. 2613:. 2584:. 2560:. 2408:. 2378:. 2348:. 2315:. 2296:. 2267:: 2261:9 2231:. 2214:. 2160:. 2121:. 2086:) 2072:. 2041:) 2027:. 2002:. 1977:) 1963:. 1932:. 1822:. 1792:. 1766:. 1737:. 1708:. 1679:. 1646:. 1616:. 1585:. 1558:. 1525:. 1496:. 1467:. 1438:. 1409:. 1380:. 1334:. 1303:. 1272:. 1241:. 1205:. 1155:. 1128:) 1114:. 1102:: 1072:. 1041:. 1021:: 967:. 596:) 592:( 281:( 46:) 42:(

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index