761:. Before that, while relations were often tense, the police had mostly respected the marchers. Several marchers were wounded in the Canton attack, one severely. Human Rights Medical Committee members conducted a house-to-house search that night looking for wounded marchers. The marchers sought refuge at Holy Child Jesus Catholic mission. There the Franciscan sisters extended their help and hospitality to the marchers, especially to the wounded. The following night the marchers returned to stay on the grounds of McNeal School without incident, as they did not attempt to erect tents.
39:
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threatened the marchers; others simply stayed indoors. The
Highway Police and other forces were out in number, as the city and state had vowed to protect the marchers after the attacks in Philadelphia and Canton. As a result of negotiations with authorities, the marchers gathered at the back of the state capitol to hear speeches, sing protest and celebration songs, and celebrate their achievements.
722:, and tried to set up camp at Stone Street Negro Elementary School, Carmichael was arrested for trespassing on public property. He was held for several hours by police before rejoining the marchers at a local park, where they had set up camp and were beginning a night-time rally. According to civil rights historian
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society. Along the way, the different civil rights groups struggled to reconcile their goals and to enhance the meaning of the march to promote black freedoms. It grew slowly and was embraced by black communities along the way, and by some sympathetic whites. Other whites expressed hostility, jeering
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were going to be protecting the march. Ordinary people, both black and white, came from across the South and all parts of the country to participate. The marchers slept on the ground outside or in large tents, and were fed mainly by local black communities. A press truck preceded them and the march
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After a short hospital treatment, Meredith was released. He planned to rejoin the march, then withdrew for a time, as he had not intended it to be such a large media event. He rejoined the March on June 25, the day before it arrived in
Jackson and walked in the front line next to Martin Luther King
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shells. Meredith was wounded and fell to the road. People rushed to get an ambulance and took him to the hospital. Although he was not severely injured, Meredith was unable to continue the march as planned as he was hospitalized in
Memphis to recover from his injuries. Norvell was later apprehended
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of
Mississippi vowed to protect the marchers if they obeyed the law, but relations between the Highway State Police and marchers were sometimes tense. In some localities, mayors and local officials worked to keep relations peaceful. Local black communities and their churches provided food, housing
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from
Louisiana providing armed protection. The different groups and leaders struggled over tactics and goals, but also cooperated in community organizing and voter registration. They registered more than 4,000 African Americans for voting in counties along the way. Some people marched for a short
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on June 26, making it the largest civil rights march in the history of the state. The march served as a catalyst for continued community organizing and political growth over the following years among
African Americans in the state. They have maintained a high rate of voting and participation in
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The next day, June 26, marchers entered the city of
Jackson from several different streams and were estimated to number 15,000 strong, the largest civil rights march in Mississippi history. They were warmly welcomed in the black neighborhoods and by some whites. However, many whites jeered and
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participated and continued to attract admiring crowds; his leadership and reputation brought numerous people out to see him, inspiring some to join the march. As the march headed south, the number of participants grew. Finally, an estimated 15,000 marchers, mostly black, entered the capital of
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On the second day of his walk, June 6, 1966, Meredith was shot and wounded by James Aubrey
Norvell, a white sniper, and was hospitalized for treatment. Thornton Davi Johnson suggests that Meredith was a target for such rituals of attack because he had made highly publicized challenges to
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after passage of federal civil rights legislation in the previous two years and to encourage
African Americans in the state to register to vote. He invited only individual black men to join him and did not want it to be a large media event dominated by major civil rights organizations.
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marches in the city, returned to
Mississippi on Friday. He found that some of the Civil Rights Movements' internal divisions between the old guard and new guard had gone public. Marchers called out SNCC's "Black Power" slogan, as well as SCLC's "Freedom Now!"
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776:, before entering Jackson. Marchers could rest and get food and showers. Many more people joined the march at that point; national leaders returned to it from commitments in other parts of the country. The growing crowd was entertained by
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On the second day of the march, a white sniper, later identified as James Aubrey Norvell, stepped out of a wooded area next to the road, shouted, "I only want Meredith", and shot Meredith three times with a 16-gauge shotgun loaded with
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and threatening, driving close to marchers. Although overt violence was generally limited, marchers from out of state were shocked and horrified by the virulence of hate expressed in some communities, particularly
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SNCC and MFDP worked to expand community organizing and achieve voter registration by reaching out to the black communities in the Delta. In most places, few blacks had registered to vote since passage of the
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Digital documentary website created by the SNCC Legacy Project and Duke University, telling the story of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee & grassroots organizing from the inside-out
730:" speech, arguing that blacks had to build their own political and economic power to attain independence. He used this opportunity to gain a national audience through the media to hear his speech.
621:, the heart of the black population in the state, during the 220-mile journey. Meredith wanted only black men on the march, and did not want a major media event featuring white participants.
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Later black veterans of the Mississippi Movement noted that the march had longstanding political and cultural effects, serving to galvanize community organizing among blacks in the state.
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was covered by national media. Along the way, members of the different civil rights groups argued and collaborated, struggling to achieve their sometimes overlapping and differing goals.
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The march "defied Jim Crow's culture of intimidation" by the very act of blacks asserting themselves through the different communities, celebrating their identities, and organizing.
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In total, the march expressed "both the depths of black grievances and the height of black possibilities," and it had to do with "oppressed people controlling their own destiny."
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time, others stayed through all the events; some national leaders took part in intermittent fashion, as they already had commitments in other cities. In addition, labor leader
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In the counties along the route, 4,077 African Americans registered to vote, many for the first time. Federal examiners registered 1,422 and county clerks did the rest.
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before arriving at Jackson's City Hall. The total distance marched was approximately 270 miles over a period of 21 days. The goal was to counter the continuing
753:, which was joined by other police agencies. This contradicted the governor's commitment to protect them. Leaders felt the violence took place because President
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677:(MCHR) and other civil rights organizations, decided to continue the march in Meredith's name. The NAACP were originally involved but
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and places of rest to marchers. They generally camped along the way, after returning to Memphis at the end of the first days.
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Major civil rights organizations rallied to the cause, vowing to carry on the march in Meredith's name through the
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Davi Johnson, Thornton (2013). "The Rhetoric of Civil Rights Photographs: James Meredith's March Against Fear".
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The March Against Fear: The Last Great Walk of the Civil Rights Movement and the Emergence of Black Power
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Disappointed by the slow pace of change following passage of civil rights legislation in 1964 and 1965,
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51:. The gunman, Aubrey James Norvell, is seen in the bushes on the left. This photograph won the 1967
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Joseph Schwantner: New Morning for the World; Nicolas Flagello: The Passion of Martin Luther King
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Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference
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for his photograph of James Meredith struggling on the road in Mississippi after being shot.
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in 1965, as they were still oppressed by fear and social and economic intimidation in the
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Mississippi's racial order, and had framed his walk as a confident repudiation of custom.
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Down to the Crossroads: Civil Rights, Black Power, and the Meredith March Against Fear,
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Down to the Crossroads: Civil Rights, Black Power, and the Meredith March Against Fear
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Down to the Crossroads: Civil Rights, Black Power and the Meredith March Against Fear
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Michael Lollar "Meredith march explored through Memphis author's powerful new book"
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On the early evening of Thursday, June 16, 1966, when the marchers arrived in
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and to the state capital. The state committed to protecting the marchers. The
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launched the event on June 5, 1966, intending to make a solitary walk from
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had not offered federal forces to protect them following the violence in
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lies on the ground after being shot while walking on June 6, 1966 in
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703:, where three civil rights workers had been murdered in 1964 and
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1886:
551:(SCLC), the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP), the
5001:
Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library, Washington, D.C.
1080:. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. pp. 194–203.
288:
4632:
3336:
Spring Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam
3114:"Woke Up This Morning (With My Mind Stayed On Freedom)"
4864:
African American founding fathers of the United States
3360:
African American founding fathers of the United States
1713:
Chicago Freedom Movement/Chicago open housing movement
1578:
John F. Kennedy's speech to the nation on Civil Rights
1185:
4774:
Estate of Martin Luther King, Jr., Inc. v. CBS, Inc.
3408:
Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley National Monument
609:, decided to make a solo 'March Against Fear' from
575:, the new chairman of SNCC, introduced the idea of
1111:New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2014, p. 246
1035:
16:1966 demonstration in the US Civil Rights Movement
5059:
1944:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
4817:Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
1934:Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
1867:Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights
1758:Green v. County School Board of New Kent County
1009:"6 June 1966: Black civil rights activist shot"
4970:Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial, San Francisco
4295:King: A Filmed Record... Montgomery to Memphis
3413:Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument
460:Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument
4241:Martin Luther King Jr. Records Collection Act
4235:U.S. House Select Committee on Assassinations
3779:Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community?
3607:
3321:List of lynching victims in the United States
1659:Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
1171:
454:Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education
274:
5006:Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Library, San Jose
1123:, The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved 2013-11-13.
1066:, William Morrow and Company (1986), p. 481.
938:
4556:Martin Luther King and the Montgomery Story
3635:Speeches, writings, movements, and protests
1788:Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights
1075:
4975:Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial (Compton)
3621:
3614:
3600:
1837:Council for United Civil Rights Leadership
1178:
1164:
987:. National Geographic Books. p. 111.
281:
267:
100:4,000 African Americans registered to vote
37:
4325:The Witness: From the Balcony of Room 306
3393:Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument
637:When they learned of the shooting, other
545:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
426:Murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner
123:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
5038:Civil rights movement in popular culture
4844:King Center for Nonviolent Social Change
4766:Civil rights movement in popular culture
3835:March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
3428:King Center for Nonviolent Social Change
1468:University of Georgia desegregation riot
549:Southern Christian Leadership Conference
129:Southern Christian Leadership Conference
5073:African-American history of Mississippi
3683:Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence
3342:Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence
3079:"If You Miss Me at the Back of the Bus"
3074:"Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me 'Round"
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1033:
5060:
3256:African-American women in the movement
1708:White House Conference on Civil Rights
1539:"Segregation now, segregation forever"
980:
681:pulled out on learning that the armed
475:was a major 1966 demonstration in the
4805:
4274:
4195:
3916:
3633:
3595:
1697:Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections
1159:
571:During the latter days of the march,
262:
3465:St. Augustine Foot Soldiers Monument
1929:Regional Council of Negro Leadership
1877:Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
1823:Committee on Appeal for Human Rights
1300:Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company
1225:Murders of Harry and Harriette Moore
1150:SNCC Digital Gateway: Meredith March
1094:
806:
671:Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
406:Burglund High School student walkout
310:Regional Council of Negro Leadership
5016:Memorials to Martin Luther King Jr.
1872:Lowndes County Freedom Organization
1808:Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
1478:Robert F. Kennedy's Law Day Address
1139:. Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. 2014.
900:"James Meredith Shot Pulitzer 1967"
13:
4919:Statues of Martin Luther King Jr.
4806:
4655:King Dream Chorus and Holiday Crew
4211:(now National Civil Rights Museum)
3316:African-American churches attacked
1882:Montgomery Improvement Association
1857:Georgia Council on Human Relations
1842:Council of Federated Organizations
1813:Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
1571:16th Street Baptist Church bombing
1529:Meredith enrollment, Ole Miss riot
1335:1957 Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom
1239:McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents
847:"Civil Rights James Meredith 1966"
737:on Wednesday to help organize the
675:Medical Committee for Human Rights
557:Medical Committee for Human Rights
141:Medical Committee for Human Rights
94:"Black Power" speech delivered by
14:
5094:
4470:Alpha Man: The Brotherhood of MLK
4196:
3388:Birmingham Civil Rights Institute
3261:Jews in the civil rights movement
1143:
4783:King v. Trustees of Boston Univ.
4662:"By the Time I Get to Arizona" (
3731:Second Emancipation Proclamation
3582:Civil rights movement portal
3575:
3423:Freedom Riders National Monument
3165:The Kingdom of God Is Within You
1677:1965 Selma to Montgomery marches
1636:1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests
1523:Second Emancipation Proclamation
4915:Safe House Black History Museum
4834:Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial
3450:Mississippi Civil Rights Museum
3438:Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial
1914:National Council of Negro Women
1852:Deacons for Defense and Justice
1129:
1114:
1069:
1056:
1027:
953:10.14321/rhetpublaffa.16.3.0457
683:Deacons for Defense and Justice
561:Deacons for Defense and Justice
147:Deacons for Defense and Justice
5078:Civil rights movement protests
4889:U.S. Capitol Rotunda sculpture
3867:Mississippi March Against Fear
1330:Mansfield school desegregation
1001:
974:
971:(MacMillan, 2014), pp. 246–247
959:
932:
916:
892:
877:
863:
839:
827:Pulitzer Prize for Photography
411:Murder of Roman Ducksworth Jr.
386:Prayer Pilgrimage Freedom Ride
53:Pulitzer Prize for Photography
1:
4590:March! For Martin Luther King
3811:Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom
3460:National Voting Rights Museum
3403:Civil Rights Movement Archive
3202:Lynching in the United States
3089:"Keep Your Eyes on the Prize"
1544:Stand in the Schoolhouse Door
1517:University of Chicago sit-ins
1284:Davis v. Prince Edward County
941:Rhetoric & Public Affairs
833:
416:Assassination of Medgar Evers
4854:National Civil Rights Museum
4849:Dexter Avenue Baptist Church
3692:I've Been to the Mountaintop
3455:National Civil Rights Museum
3311:March on Washington Movement
3296:Dexter Avenue Baptist Church
1765:Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co.
601:, noted for being the first
7:
4991:sculpture, Portland, Oregon
4981:Landmark for Peace Memorial
4706:"Symphony of Brotherhood" (
4629:Pride (In the Name of Love)
3851:Selma to Montgomery marches
3750:Letter from Birmingham Jail
3099:"This Little Light of Mine"
1847:Dallas County Voters League
1793:Atlanta Negro Voters League
1556:Letter from Birmingham Jail
1263:Brown v. Board of Education
929:(Memphis), 20 February 2014
553:Congress of Racial Equality
135:Congress of Racial Equality
10:
5099:
4879:Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity
4822:Martin Luther King Jr. Day
4603:Martin Luther King's Dream
3917:
3433:Martin Luther King Jr. Day
3301:Holt Street Baptist Church
3271:16th Street Baptist Church
2255:Annie Bell Robinson Devine
1899:Nashville Student Movement
1829:An Appeal for Human Rights
1076:Goudsouzian, Aram (2014).
774:historically black college
751:Mississippi Highway Patrol
592:
579:to a broad audience. Rev.
448:Murder of Wharlest Jackson
443:Shooting of Benjamin Brown
5032:America in the King Years
4812:
4801:
4757:
4567:
4546:
4495:
4386:
4285:
4281:
4275:
4270:
4204:
4191:
4026:
3927:
3923:
3912:
3886:Memphis sanitation strike
3790:
3702:
3644:
3640:
3629:
3571:
3473:
3375:
3189:
3122:
3064:
3043:
2930:Ruby Doris Smith-Robinson
2900:Modjeska Monteith Simkins
1972:
1964:Women's Political Council
1959:Wednesdays in Mississippi
1954:United Auto Workers (UAW)
1939:Southern Regional Council
1909:Northern Student Movement
1818:Committee for Freedom Now
1778:
1725:Memphis sanitation strike
1691:Voting Rights Act of 1965
1613:
1434:Savannah Protest Movement
1396:
1254:
1215:Journey of Reconciliation
1207:
1194:
884:"1966 March Against Fear"
607:University of Mississippi
396:Mississippi Freedom Rides
302:
174:
169:
111:
106:
88:
68:
60:
36:
28:
23:
4839:National Historical Park
4577:Abraham, Martin and John
4055:(strategist / colleague)
3859:Chicago Freedom Movement
1798:Atlanta Student Movement
1747:Civil Rights Act of 1968
1672:1964–1965 Scripto strike
1653:Civil Rights Act of 1964
1551:1963 Birmingham campaign
1444:Civil Rights Act of 1960
1368:Civil Rights Act of 1957
871:"The March Against Fear"
5021:King County, Washington
4874:FBI–King suicide letter
3350:Voter Education Project
3104:"We Shall Not Be Moved"
2765:Adam Clayton Powell Jr.
2200:Josephine Dobbs Clement
1626:Chester school protests
1621:Twenty-fourth Amendment
1583:Detroit Walk to Freedom
1325:Tallahassee bus boycott
1246:Baton Rouge bus boycott
765:Jr. and other leaders.
733:King, who had flown to
673:(MFDP), as well as the
559:(MCHR) took part, with
479:in the South. Activist
431:Murder of Vernon Dahmer
356:Murder of George W. Lee
4884:Season for Nonviolence
4697:"Never Alone Martin" (
4419:"Great X-Pectations" (
4355:King in the Wilderness
3976:Martin Luther King Sr.
3952:Martin Luther King III
3894:Poor People's Campaign
3843:St. Augustine movement
3803:Montgomery bus boycott
3623:Martin Luther King Jr.
3563:Movement photographers
2805:Bernice Johnson Reagon
2525:Martin Luther King Sr.
2520:Martin Luther King Jr.
2090:William Holmes Borders
1862:Highlander Folk School
1752:Poor People's Campaign
1605:St. Augustine movement
1455:Gomillion v. Lightfoot
1378:Katz Drug Store sit-in
1349:Royal Ice Cream sit-in
1311:Montgomery bus boycott
1078:Down to the Crossroads
1034:Pearson, Hugh (1994).
1013:BBC News – On this day
720:Greenwood, Mississippi
647:Martin Luther King Jr.
581:Martin Luther King Jr.
437:United States v. Price
197:Martin Luther King Jr.
64:June 5 – June 26, 1966
43:Civil rights activist
3992:Christine King Farris
3984:Alberta Williams King
3769:Conscience for Change
3712:Stride Toward Freedom
3398:Civil Rights Memorial
3286:Bethel Baptist Church
2935:Charles Kenzie Steele
2380:Audrey Faye Hendricks
2285:Myrlie Evers-Williams
2265:Patricia Stephens Due
2235:Abraham Lincoln Davis
2170:Colia Lafayette Clark
1924:Operation Breadbasket
1919:National Urban League
1666:Katzenbach v. McClung
1534:Atlanta's Berlin Wall
1187:Civil rights movement
1038:Shadow of the Panther
927:The Commercial Appeal
768:The march stopped at
739:Open Housing Movement
589:politics since then.
493:the Mississippi Delta
477:Civil Rights Movement
421:Murder of Louis Allen
401:Murder of Herbert Lee
366:Murder of Emmett Till
361:Murder of Lamar Smith
291:Civil Rights Movement
49:Hernando, Mississippi
31:Civil Rights Movement
5043:Lee–Jackson–King Day
4996:Kennedy–King College
4455:"Return of the King"
3443:other King memorials
3418:Freedom Rides Museum
3355:1960s counterculture
3306:Edmund Pettus Bridge
2985:Walter Francis White
2890:Alexander D. Shimkin
1404:New Year's Day March
1373:Ministers' Manifesto
1220:Executive Order 9981
981:Bausum, Ann (2017).
615:Jackson, Mississippi
489:Jackson, Mississippi
391:McComb Freedom Rides
305:State of Mississippi
249:James Aubrey Norvell
82:Jackson, Mississippi
5068:1966 in Mississippi
4908:Hope Moving Forward
4673:Shed a Little Light
4436:New York Undercover
4431:"The Promised Land"
4258:Conspiracy theories
4039:(mentor, colleague)
3827:Birmingham campaign
3181:Mary McLeod Bethune
3142:Sermon on the Mount
3109:"We Shall Overcome"
2690:William Lewis Moore
2470:Frank Minis Johnson
2445:Richie Jean Jackson
2400:Donald L. Hollowell
2205:Charles E. Cobb Jr.
2010:Gwendolyn Armstrong
2005:William G. Anderson
1985:Victoria Gray Adams
1949:The Freedom Singers
1803:Black Panther Party
1588:March on Washington
1501:Garner v. Louisiana
1462:Boynton v. Virginia
1135:Goudsouzian, Aram.
747:Canton, Mississippi
641:leaders, including
4902:sculpture, Atlanta
4686:Up to the Mountain
4473:(2011 documentary)
4446:Selma, Lord, Selma
4368:(2020 documentary)
4358:(2018 documentary)
4328:(2008 documentary)
4305:Our Friend, Martin
4298:(1970 documentary)
4141:Fred Shuttlesworth
3936:Coretta Scott King
3674:How Long, Not Long
3656:Give Us the Ballot
3498:Michael Eric Dyson
3383:In popular culture
3266:Fifth Circuit Four
3250:Loving v. Virginia
3243:Hernandez v. Texas
3222:Buchanan v. Warley
3214:Separate but equal
3208:Plessy v. Ferguson
3171:Frederick Douglass
3005:Robert F. Williams
2915:Kelly Miller Smith
2895:Fred Shuttlesworth
2820:Frederick D. Reese
2800:George Raymond Jr.
2790:A. Philip Randolph
2770:Fay Bellamy Powell
2685:Queen Mother Moore
2570:Z. Alexander Looby
2515:Coretta Scott King
2460:Barbara Rose Johns
2440:Jimmie Lee Jackson
2365:William E. Harbour
2145:Stokely Carmichael
2060:Randolph Blackwell
1730:King assassination
1719:Loving v. Virginia
1703:March Against Fear
1683:How Long, Not Long
1561:Children's Crusade
1512:Cambridge movement
1449:Ax Handle Saturday
1414:Greensboro sit-ins
1341:Give Us the Ballot
1107:Aram Goudsouzian,
966:Aram Goudsouzian,
659:Stokely Carmichael
611:Memphis, Tennessee
573:Stokely Carmichael
485:Memphis, Tennessee
473:March Against Fear
381:Starkville sit-ins
325:March Against Fear
209:Stokely Carmichael
96:Stokely Carmichael
74:Memphis, Tennessee
24:March Against Fear
5055:
5054:
5051:
5050:
5026:Eponymous streets
4869:Authorship issues
4797:
4796:
4793:
4792:
4559:(1957 comic book)
4422:A Different World
4399:(1978 miniseries)
4266:
4265:
4187:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4077:Bernard Lafayette
4008:James Albert King
3908:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3759:Why We Can't Wait
3589:
3588:
3366:Eyes on the Prize
3281:A.G. Gaston Motel
3276:Kelly Ingram Park
3236:Sweatt v. Painter
2920:Mary Louise Smith
2880:Cleveland Sellers
2865:Michael Schwerner
2830:Gloria Richardson
2610:Thurgood Marshall
2530:Bernard Lafayette
2260:John Wesley Dobbs
1774:
1773:
1493:Birmingham attack
1473:Rock Hill sit-ins
1424:Sibley Commission
1419:Nashville sit-ins
1291:Gebhart v. Belton
1277:Briggs v. Elliott
1270:Bolling v. Sharpe
1231:Sweatt v. Painter
1087:978-0-374-19220-4
1049:978-0-201-63278-1
1042:. Perseus Books.
994:978-1-4263-2665-3
888:Eyes on the Prize
807:Legacy and honors
755:Lyndon B. Johnson
712:Paul Johnson, Jr.
692:Voting Rights Act
663:Cleveland Sellers
619:Mississippi Delta
605:to enroll at the
541:Mississippi Delta
529:Mississippi Delta
468:
467:
257:
256:
214:Cleveland Sellers
165:
164:
78:Mississippi Delta
5090:
4963:Pueblo, Colorado
4894:Oval Office bust
4803:
4802:
4786:
4777:
4768:
4750:
4738:
4721:
4711:
4702:
4693:
4680:
4667:
4658:
4645:
4636:
4623:
4610:
4597:
4584:
4560:
4539:
4529:
4519:
4509:
4488:
4474:
4464:
4450:
4440:
4426:
4415:
4400:
4379:
4369:
4359:
4349:
4339:
4329:
4319:
4309:
4299:
4283:
4282:
4272:
4271:
4193:
4192:
4176:
4168:
4160:
4152:
4144:
4136:
4128:
4120:
4112:
4104:
4096:
4088:
4080:
4072:
4064:
4056:
4048:
4040:
4019:
4011:
4003:
3995:
3987:
3979:
3971:
3963:
3955:
3947:
3939:
3925:
3924:
3914:
3913:
3897:
3889:
3881:
3870:
3862:
3854:
3846:
3838:
3830:
3822:
3814:
3806:
3783:
3773:
3763:
3753:
3744:
3740:Strength to Love
3734:
3725:
3716:
3695:
3686:
3677:
3668:
3659:
3642:
3641:
3631:
3630:
3616:
3609:
3602:
3593:
3592:
3580:
3579:
3543:Charles M. Payne
3528:Steven F. Lawson
3518:David Halberstam
3488:Clayborne Carson
3229:Hocutt v. Wilson
3176:W. E. B. Du Bois
3025:Sammy Younge Jr.
3010:Q. V. Williamson
2975:Wyatt Tee Walker
2840:Bernice Robinson
2785:Lincoln Ragsdale
2775:Rodney N. Powell
2670:Douglas E. Moore
2545:Sanford R. Leigh
2480:J. Charles Jones
2355:Fannie Lou Hamer
2270:Joseph Ellwanger
2230:Jonathan Daniels
2220:Claudette Colvin
2210:Annie Lee Cooper
2195:Kathleen Cleaver
2190:Eldridge Cleaver
2165:Shirley Chisholm
2055:Gloria Blackwell
1646:workers' murders
1593:"I Have a Dream"
1488:Anniston bombing
1439:Greenville Eight
1354:Little Rock Nine
1317:Browder v. Gayle
1205:
1204:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1157:
1156:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1105:
1092:
1091:
1073:
1067:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1041:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1005:
999:
998:
978:
972:
963:
957:
956:
936:
930:
920:
914:
913:
911:
910:
896:
890:
881:
875:
874:
867:
861:
860:
858:
857:
843:
823:Jack R. Thornell
770:Tougaloo College
603:African American
350:Other localities
338:Meredith v. Fair
297:
283:
276:
269:
260:
259:
113:
112:
41:
21:
20:
5098:
5097:
5093:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5088:
5087:
5058:
5057:
5056:
5047:
4910:statue, Atlanta
4808:
4789:
4780:
4771:
4764:
4753:
4741:
4724:
4714:
4705:
4696:
4683:
4670:
4661:
4648:
4639:
4626:
4613:
4600:
4587:
4574:
4563:
4553:
4542:
4532:
4522:
4515:The Mountaintop
4512:
4502:
4491:
4477:
4467:
4453:
4443:
4429:
4418:
4406:The First Store
4403:
4393:
4382:
4372:
4362:
4352:
4342:
4332:
4322:
4312:
4308:(1999 animated)
4302:
4292:
4277:
4262:
4200:
4179:
4171:
4163:
4155:
4147:
4139:
4131:
4123:
4115:
4107:
4099:
4091:
4083:
4075:
4067:
4059:
4051:
4043:
4037:Ralph Abernathy
4035:
4028:
4022:
4014:
4006:
3998:
3990:
3982:
3974:
3966:
3958:
3950:
3942:
3934:
3919:
3900:
3892:
3884:
3873:
3865:
3857:
3849:
3841:
3833:
3825:
3819:Albany Movement
3817:
3809:
3801:
3793:
3786:
3776:
3766:
3756:
3747:
3737:
3728:
3719:
3709:
3698:
3689:
3680:
3671:
3662:
3653:
3636:
3625:
3620:
3590:
3585:
3574:
3567:
3548:Thomas E. Ricks
3538:Diane McWhorter
3523:Vincent Harding
3508:Adam Fairclough
3475:
3469:
3371:
3326:Freedom Schools
3185:
3118:
3066:
3060:
3051:Omaha, Nebraska
3039:
2955:Hartman Turnbow
2945:Dorothy Tillman
2905:Glenn E. Smiley
2885:Charles Sherrod
2845:Jo Ann Robinson
2720:Charles Neblett
2710:Elijah Muhammad
2675:Harriette Moore
2635:Floyd McKissick
2620:Franklin McCain
2555:Stanley Levison
2420:T. R. M. Howard
2370:Vincent Harding
2300:Walter Fauntroy
2185:Xernona Clayton
2135:John H. Calhoun
2120:Aurelia Browder
2110:Stanley Branche
2105:Raylawni Branch
2085:Joseph E. Boone
2070:Ezell Blair Jr.
2065:Unita Blackwell
2040:Harry Belafonte
1980:Ralph Abernathy
1968:
1904:Nation of Islam
1780:
1770:
1609:
1566:Birmingham riot
1507:Albany Movement
1429:Atlanta sit-ins
1409:Sit-in movement
1392:
1388:Biloxi wade-ins
1360:Cooper v. Aaron
1250:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1146:
1132:
1127:
1119:
1115:
1106:
1095:
1088:
1074:
1070:
1061:
1057:
1050:
1032:
1028:
1018:
1016:
1007:
1006:
1002:
995:
979:
975:
964:
960:
937:
933:
921:
917:
908:
906:
898:
897:
893:
882:
878:
869:
868:
864:
855:
853:
845:
844:
840:
836:
825:won the annual
809:
786:Sammy Davis Jr.
667:Floyd McKissick
595:
555:(CORE) and the
469:
464:
371:Biloxi wade-ins
298:
289:
287:
253:
252:
240:
226:Floyd McKissick
161:
152:
84:
80:
76:
56:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5096:
5086:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5053:
5052:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4985:
4983:, Indianapolis
4977:
4972:
4967:
4966:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4917:
4912:
4904:
4900:Homage to King
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4830:
4829:
4819:
4813:
4810:
4809:
4807:Related topics
4799:
4798:
4795:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4787:
4778:
4769:
4761:
4759:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4751:
4739:
4722:
4712:
4703:
4694:
4681:
4668:
4659:
4646:
4637:
4624:
4616:Happy Birthday
4611:
4598:
4585:
4571:
4569:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4530:
4520:
4510:
4499:
4497:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4489:
4475:
4465:
4451:
4441:
4427:
4416:
4411:The Jeffersons
4401:
4390:
4388:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4380:
4370:
4360:
4350:
4340:
4330:
4320:
4310:
4300:
4289:
4287:
4279:
4278:
4268:
4267:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4260:
4255:
4254:
4253:
4243:
4238:
4232:
4227:
4225:James Earl Ray
4222:
4217:
4212:
4209:Lorraine Motel
4205:
4202:
4201:
4189:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4177:
4169:
4165:Hosea Williams
4161:
4153:
4145:
4137:
4129:
4121:
4113:
4105:
4097:
4089:
4081:
4073:
4065:
4061:Dorothy Cotton
4057:
4049:
4041:
4032:
4030:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4012:
4004:
3996:
3988:
3980:
3972:
3964:
3956:
3948:
3940:
3931:
3929:
3921:
3920:
3910:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3890:
3882:
3871:
3863:
3855:
3847:
3839:
3831:
3823:
3815:
3807:
3798:
3796:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3774:
3764:
3754:
3745:
3735:
3726:
3717:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3687:
3678:
3669:
3665:I Have a Dream
3660:
3650:
3648:
3638:
3637:
3627:
3626:
3619:
3618:
3611:
3604:
3596:
3587:
3586:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3565:
3560:
3558:Akinyele Umoja
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3479:
3477:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3225:
3218:
3217:
3216:
3204:
3199:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3147:Mahatma Gandhi
3144:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3070:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3056:South Carolina
3053:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2995:Hosea Williams
2992:
2987:
2982:
2980:Hollis Watkins
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2910:A. Maceo Smith
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2860:Bernie Sanders
2857:
2852:
2850:Angela Russell
2847:
2842:
2837:
2835:David Richmond
2832:
2827:
2825:Walter Reuther
2822:
2817:
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2015:Arnold Aronson
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1144:External links
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1062:David Garrow,
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1015:. June 6, 1966
1000:
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947:(3): 457–487.
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481:James Meredith
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45:James Meredith
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4690:Patti Griffin
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4109:Benjamin Mays
4106:
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4069:Jesse Jackson
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4010:(grandfather)
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3483:Taylor Branch
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3331:Freedom songs
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3197:Jim Crow laws
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3097:
3095:
3094:"Oh, Freedom"
3092:
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3020:Whitney Young
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3000:Kale Williams
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2960:Albert Turner
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2950:A. P. Tureaud
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2705:William Moyer
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2640:Joseph McNeil
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2625:Charles McDew
2623:
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2616:
2615:Benjamin Mays
2613:
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2601:
2600:Vivian Malone
2598:
2596:
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2575:Joseph Lowery
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2500:Clyde Kennard
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2490:Vernon Jordan
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2485:Matthew Jones
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2450:T. J. Jemison
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2435:Jesse Jackson
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2325:Robert Graetz
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2315:Golden Frinks
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2275:Charles Evers
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2225:Vernon Dahmer
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2201:
2198:
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2180:Septima Clark
2178:
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2100:Bruce Boynton
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2028:
2026:
2025:James Baldwin
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1995:Mathew Ahmann
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1962:
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1955:
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1947:
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1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
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1900:
1897:
1893:
1892:Youth Council
1890:
1889:
1888:
1885:
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1868:
1865:
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1527:
1524:
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1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1483:Freedom Rides
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1452:
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1236:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1208:Prior to 1954
1206:
1203:
1200:
1193:
1188:
1181:
1176:
1174:
1169:
1167:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1151:
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1147:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1122:
1121:"Photography"
1117:
1110:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1089:
1083:
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1051:
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848:
842:
838:
828:
824:
820:
817:
814:
811:
810:
804:
801:
797:
795:
794:Marlon Brando
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
766:
762:
760:
756:
752:
748:
743:
740:
736:
731:
729:
725:
721:
716:
713:
708:
706:
702:
697:
693:
687:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
651:Allen Johnson
648:
644:
640:
635:
633:
632:Desoto County
628:
622:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
590:
587:
582:
578:
574:
569:
567:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
537:
533:
530:
526:
522:
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498:
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486:
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461:
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389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
353:
352:
351:
345:
344:Ole Miss riot
342:
340:
339:
335:
334:
333:
332:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
307:
306:
301:
296:
292:
284:
279:
277:
272:
270:
265:
264:
261:
248:
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236:
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227:
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198:
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186:
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182:
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180:
173:
168:
157:
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154:
148:
145:
142:
139:
136:
133:
130:
127:
124:
121:
118:
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115:
114:
110:
105:
99:
97:
93:
92:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
54:
50:
46:
40:
35:
32:
27:
22:
19:
5030:
4988:
4980:
4907:
4899:
4781:
4772:
4745:(Common and
4720:(1995 album)
4715:
4708:Miri Ben-Ari
4677:James Taylor
4664:Public Enemy
4651:King Holiday
4554:
4533:
4523:
4513:
4503:
4484:
4478:
4468:
4458:
4444:
4434:
4420:
4409:
4395:
4373:
4363:
4353:
4344:
4333:
4323:
4314:
4303:
4293:
4230:Jack Kershaw
4173:Andrew Young
4157:Wyatt Walker
4149:C. T. Vivian
4125:James Orange
4085:James Lawson
3968:Bernice King
3944:Yolanda King
3878:War movement
3875:Anti-Vietnam
3866:
3794:and protests
3777:
3767:
3757:
3738:
3722:What Is Man?
3710:
3573:
3513:David Garrow
3493:John Dittmer
3364:
3291:Brown Chapel
3248:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3220:
3206:
3163:
3015:Andrew Young
2970:A. T. Walden
2965:C. T. Vivian
2925:Maxine Smith
2760:Homer Plessy
2740:James Orange
2695:Irene Morgan
2650:William Ming
2630:Ralph McGill
2565:Viola Liuzzo
2550:Jim Letherer
2535:James Lawson
2465:Vernon Johns
2455:Esau Jenkins
2410:Myles Horton
2360:Fred Hampton
2350:Prathia Hall
2340:Dick Gregory
2310:Marie Foster
2305:James Forman
2295:James Farmer
2280:Medgar Evers
2240:Angela Davis
2175:Ramsey Clark
2155:James Chaney
2150:Johnnie Carr
2130:Ralph Bunche
2125:H. Rap Brown
2115:Ruby Bridges
2075:Joanne Bland
2050:Claude Black
2030:Marion Barry
2000:Muhammad Ali
1827:
1763:
1756:
1717:
1702:
1695:
1664:
1657:
1499:
1460:
1453:
1383:Kissing Case
1358:
1315:
1298:
1289:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1261:
1237:
1229:
1136:
1130:Bibliography
1116:
1108:
1077:
1071:
1063:
1058:
1037:
1029:
1017:. Retrieved
1012:
1003:
983:
976:
967:
961:
944:
940:
934:
926:
918:
907:. Retrieved
903:
894:
887:
879:
865:
854:. Retrieved
850:
841:
802:
798:
782:Dick Gregory
767:
763:
759:Philadelphia
744:
732:
724:David Garrow
717:
709:
701:Philadelphia
688:
639:civil rights
636:
623:
596:
570:
547:(SNCC), the
538:
534:
472:
470:
452:
435:
349:
348:
336:
330:
329:
324:
315:Freedom Vote
304:
243:
242:
231:
230:
219:
218:
203:SNCC members
202:
201:
190:
189:
179:Solo marcher
178:
177:
170:Lead figures
119:Solo marcher
29:Part of the
18:
4953:Mexico City
4943:Jersey City
4747:John Legend
4699:Jason Upton
4547:Illustrated
4535:All the Way
4505:The Meeting
4378:(2023 film)
4348:(2016 film)
4345:All the Way
4338:(2014 film)
4318:(2001 film)
4246:Loyd Jowers
4175:(colleague)
4167:(colleague)
4159:(colleague)
4151:(colleague)
4143:(colleague)
4127:(colleague)
4119:(colleague)
4103:(colleague)
4095:(colleague)
4087:(colleague)
4079:(colleague)
4063:(colleague)
4053:James Bevel
4047:(colleague)
4016:Alveda King
3960:Dexter King
3845:(1963–1964)
3821:(1961–1962)
3805:(1955–1956)
3533:Doug McAdam
3503:Chuck Fager
3130:Nonviolence
3035:James Zwerg
3030:Bob Zellner
2990:Roy Wilkins
2940:Hank Thomas
2875:Pete Seeger
2870:Bobby Seale
2735:Jack O'Dell
2730:Edgar Nixon
2660:Amzie Moore
2655:Jack Minnis
2595:Mae Mallory
2580:Clara Luper
2540:Bernard Lee
2430:Cecil Ivory
2425:Ruby Hurley
2395:Oliver Hill
2390:Aaron Henry
2290:Chuck Fager
2250:Dave Dennis
2140:Guy Carawan
2080:Julian Bond
2045:James Bevel
2035:Daisy Bates
1306:Emmett Till
1189:(1954–1968)
778:James Brown
728:Black Power
679:Roy Wilkins
577:Black Power
295:Mississippi
220:CORE member
191:SCLC member
158:Lone sniper
89:Resulted in
5062:Categories
5011:Paris park
4733:featuring
4594:John Fahey
4387:Television
4117:Diane Nash
4093:John Lewis
4045:Ella Baker
4000:A. D. King
3970:(daughter)
3946:(daughter)
3476:historians
3157:Satyagraha
3123:Influences
2815:James Reeb
2750:James Peck
2745:Rosa Parks
2715:Diane Nash
2585:Danny Lyon
2560:John Lewis
2505:A. D. King
2405:James Hood
2020:Ella Baker
1990:Zev Aelony
909:2018-06-05
856:2018-06-05
834:References
517:Yazoo City
232:DDJ member
4989:The Dream
4948:Milwaukee
4735:will.i.am
4135:(advisor)
4071:(protégé)
4002:(brother)
3792:Movements
3135:Padayatra
3084:"Kumbaya"
3044:By region
2700:Bob Moses
2605:Bob Mants
2590:Malcolm X
2510:C.B. King
2330:Fred Gray
1973:Activists
1614:1964–1968
1397:1960–1963
1255:1954–1959
904:AP Images
851:AP Images
710:Governor
509:Indianola
505:Greenwood
4111:(mentor)
3994:(sister)
3986:(mother)
3978:(father)
3752:" (1963)
3724:" (1959)
3703:Writings
3694:" (1968)
3685:" (1967)
3676:" (1965)
3667:" (1963)
3658:" (1957)
3646:Speeches
3065:Movement
2495:Tom Kahn
1779:Activist
1199:timeline
821:In 1967
696:Jim Crow
627:birdshot
497:Hernando
69:Location
4938:Houston
4923:Atlanta
4859:Big Six
4827:passage
4758:Related
4743:"Glory"
4727:A Dream
4607:Strawbs
4525:I Dream
4487:, 2024)
4463:, 2006)
4439:, 1997)
4425:, 1993)
4414:, 1980)
4365:MLK/FBI
4315:Boycott
4220:Funeral
4029:leaders
4018:(niece)
3190:Related
2780:Al Raby
1735:funeral
1598:Big Six
1019:May 22,
735:Chicago
593:History
586:Jackson
527:in the
513:Belzoni
501:Grenada
107:Parties
4958:Newark
4933:Denver
4928:Boston
4731:Common
4644:" (U2)
4538:(2012)
4528:(2010)
4518:(2009)
4508:(1987)
4480:Genius
4449:(1999)
4375:Rustin
4237:(HSCA)
3938:(wife)
3928:Family
3918:People
3896:(1968)
3888:(1968)
3880:(1967)
3869:(1966)
3861:(1966)
3853:(1965)
3837:(1963)
3829:(1963)
3813:(1957)
3782:(1967)
3772:(1967)
3762:(1964)
3743:(1963)
3715:(1958)
3376:Legacy
3152:Ahimsa
1781:groups
1242:(1950)
1234:(1950)
1195:Events
1084:
1046:
991:
705:Canton
669:, and
525:racism
521:Canton
519:, and
244:Sniper
143:(MCHR)
137:(CORE)
131:(SCLC)
125:(SNCC)
4568:Music
4496:Plays
4485:MLK/X
4335:Selma
4276:Media
4251:Trial
4215:Riots
4027:Other
3962:(son)
3954:(son)
3474:Noted
3067:songs
1887:NAACP
1740:riots
487:, to
149:(DDJ)
4581:Dion
4396:King
4286:Film
1082:ISBN
1044:ISBN
1021:2023
989:ISBN
792:and
772:, a
665:and
655:SNCC
643:SCLC
491:via
471:The
61:Date
4729:" (
4688:" (
4675:" (
4653:" (
4642:MLK
4631:" (
4618:" (
4605:" (
4592:" (
4579:" (
4408:" (
949:doi
745:In
657:'s
645:'s
630:in
613:to
293:in
5064::
4633:U2
1096:^
1011:.
945:16
943:.
925:,
902:.
886:,
849:.
796:.
788:,
784:,
780:,
707:.
661:,
653:,
649:,
515:,
511:,
507:,
503:,
499:,
4749:)
4737:)
4725:"
4710:)
4701:)
4692:)
4684:"
4679:)
4671:"
4666:)
4657:)
4649:"
4640:"
4635:)
4627:"
4622:)
4614:"
4609:)
4601:"
4596:)
4588:"
4583:)
4575:"
4483:(
4457:(
4433:(
4404:"
3748:"
3733:"
3729:"
3720:"
3690:"
3681:"
3672:"
3663:"
3654:"
3615:e
3608:t
3601:v
3344:"
3340:"
1685:"
1681:"
1525:"
1521:"
1343:"
1339:"
1201:)
1197:(
1179:e
1172:t
1165:v
1090:.
1052:.
1023:.
997:.
955:.
951::
912:.
873:.
859:.
282:e
275:t
268:v
55:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
