1039:
390:
conjunction with
Oakland-area businesses, the Institute awards 60 yearly scholarships ranging from $ 1000 to $ 2000 to Oakland high school students. Over 1,500 students have received these scholarships. The Fund also regularly awards up to $ 2000 to Oakland public school teachers who develop innovative educational projects.
266:
This broad range of youth experience aided Foster throughout his life, and he had an ability to connect with and inspire students of myriad backgrounds, while drawing together disparate adult groups advocating for alternative, at times oppositional, visions of social reform. He graduated in 1947 from
393:
In 1975, the
Association of California School Administrators (ACSA) established the Marcus Foster Memorial Award for Administrator Excellence, which is given annually to an ACSA member who personifies the ideals of Marcus Foster. Recipients of this award receive a $ 5,000 grant for a designated high
385:
in 1969, which recognizes individuals who have made positive contributions to the city of
Philadelphia. After his death, several sites were named in his honor. These included the athletic fields at Gratz High School and the Marcus Foster Indoor Pool in Philadelphia, and the Student Union building at
265:
As a young man, Foster was both exceptionally scholastic and rebellious, opting to frequent the Club Ziger where one had to "smoke a stogie and drink a lot of wine to get in." Furthermore, as a member of the
Trojans, a neighborhood men's club, his comrade Frye noted Foster "could hold his hands up".
357:
if necessary. Blackburn was wounded but survived. Police originally discounted the flyers from the unknown SLA, but when the group noted the cyanide in the bullets, law enforcement realized they had a claim. The group was later classified as terrorist based on actions including kidnapping and armed
389:
In 1973 Foster had founded the
Oakland Education Institute, to raise discretionary funds to promote excellence in Oakland schools through the collaborative efforts of Oakland's diverse communities. After his death, the Institute was renamed the Marcus A. Foster Education Institute in his honor. In
443:
were founding members with him and shared leadership; they were posited as the group's main theorists. By
November 1973 and this killing, DeFreeze was the only black member of the small group; the remainder were younger white radicals, most of whom were middle or upper-class, and many of whom had
753:
Investigators say bullets used in the murder of
Oakland's school superintendent contained cyanide. Roland Prahl, chief investigator for the Alameda County coroner's office, said Friday that five slugs recovered during the autopsy on the superintendent, Marcus Foster, had the "distinctive odor of
305:
Foster moved to
Oakland in 1970 when he was appointed Superintendent of Oakland Public Schools. He was one of the first black superintendents of any major urban school system. Robert Blackburn, a white colleague in Philadelphia, followed him and was appointed as a deputy superintendent.
40:
309:
Foster became highly respected in
Oakland, negotiating in a volatile environment with numerous groups and people of various political orientations. He worked to raise the success of students in the minority-majority schools, where many families struggled with poverty.
451:
and Russ Little were sentenced to life in prison. Little was released after being acquitted on a new trial gained on appeal; he had served five years in prison. Remiro remains incarcerated serving a life sentence; his requests for parole have been rejected.
301:
of Dunbar
Elementary School, O.V. Catto School for Boys, and Gratz High School. He was noted for his work at Gratz, where he was more successful than predecessors in inspiring the students. He also served as Associate Superintendent for Community Relations.
345:
system in Oakland, which they called "fascist". The proposed program was intended to reduce vagrancy and keep non-student drug-dealers off campus, and Foster had already gained support from the board to modify it to meet community concerns.
666:
401:
in 2005 established the Marcus A. Foster Award, which is given annually to a School District administrator for noteworthy contributions in curriculum, instruction, school improvement or administration.
412:
During the state-mandated program to retrofit all schools for earthquake safety in the 1970s (and replace some that needed it), the Oakland portion was named the Marcus Foster Earthquake Safe program.
1186:
262:(AME), and Foster's mother Alice stressed education for all her children. She encouraged his mastery of Standard English. She highlighted its importance as the dominant syntax.
420:
After deputy Robert Blackburn recovered from the shooting, he was appointed as Acting Superintendent of Oakland Schools. Beginning in 1981, he taught Educational Leadership at
462:
at a house there. DeFreeze committed suicide as the structure burned down around them. Soltysik, Perry and three other founding members of the SLA also died that day.
1181:
337:
Foster was shot dead on November 6, 1973, and his deputy Robert Blackburn was wounded as they left a school board meeting. Members of an unknown group, named the
325:
and advocate of social programs. Foster worked with the groups they represented and also within the environment of a state governed by conservative Republican
848:
455:
Later Little said that Soltysik had fatally shot Foster, and Perry had fired at Blackburn but "botched that". DeFreeze wounded Blackburn with a shotgun.
365:
in Oakland. His widow, Albertine Ramseur Foster, died in 2011. She was buried alongside him. Their daughter, Marsha Foster Boyd, is President Emerita of
341:, claimed responsibility. The SLA sent letters to media claiming that they killed Foster because of his alleged support of a plan to require a student
211:(March 31, 1923 – November 6, 1973) was an American educator who gained a national reputation for educational excellence while serving as principal of
891:
1206:
765:
717:
459:
1191:
1156:
547:
362:
271:
109:
1146:
1121:
1171:
861:
1201:
1166:
1126:
692:
1176:
1161:
650:
619:
588:
1151:
1141:
947:
421:
1196:
425:
406:
267:
259:
251:
120:
505:
313:
There had been a record voter turnout in the May 1973 election for mayor, a part-time position. Republican incumbent
99:
1131:
1136:
398:
366:
227:
153:
819:
286:
957:
447:
Arrested in January 1974 and convicted of being involved in the attack on Foster, founding SLA members
338:
275:
235:
223:
216:
168:
126:
22:
940:
736:
250:, the youngest of five children. When he was three, his family moved to Philadelphia, joining the
219:(1966–1969), as Associate Superintendent of Schools in Philadelphia (1969–1970), and as the first
212:
497:
254:
of African Americans out of the South. Raised by a single mother, he attended public schools in
642:
636:
611:
605:
580:
574:
258:, graduating from South Philadelphia High School. One of his grandfathers was a bishop in the
1116:
1111:
865:
354:
8:
933:
231:
83:
490:
382:
984:
646:
615:
584:
511:
501:
436:
370:
342:
220:
862:"American Experience | Guerrilla: The Taking of Patty Hearst | Transcript"
994:
440:
226:
of a large city school district. He was appointed in 1970 as Superintendent of the
1038:
576:
In the Crossfire: Marcus Foster and the Troubled History of American School Reform
297:
From 1957 to 1970 Foster taught in the Philadelphia public schools, and served as
1058:
1053:
1019:
974:
823:
769:
722:
638:
IN THE CROSSFIRE Marcus Foster and the Troubled History of American School Reform
432:
314:
247:
64:
353:, a detail that the police did not initially publicize so it could be used as a
349:
Foster was shot eight times with hollow-point bullets that had been packed with
835:
671:
Laney Principal Took Slain Black School Superintendent on 'Sentimental Journey'
322:
1105:
1068:
1014:
979:
925:
326:
95:
515:
1063:
1009:
1004:
989:
298:
255:
318:
641:(1st ed.). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p.
579:(1st ed.). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p.
458:
In May 1974, six SLA members sought refuge in Los Angeles. There was an
999:
448:
279:
409:
Graduate Schools of Education established Marcus Foster Fellowships.
815:
487:
39:
754:
cyanide." A coroner's report verified the presence of the poison.
435:
became known as the SLA spokesman as the group gained notoriety.
350:
607:
Marcus Foster and the Troubled History of American School Reform
920:
794:
21:
This article is about educator. For the basketball player, see
782:
851:, School District of Philadelphia, Accessed January 14, 2007
610:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p.
488:
Ohles, Frederik; Shirley M. Ohles; John G. Ramsay (1997).
892:"Forgotten Footnote: Before Hearst, SLA killed educator"
1187:
Burials at Mountain View Cemetery (Oakland, California)
165:
founder of the Marcus A. Foster Educational Institute;
816:
Marcus A. Foster Educational Institute – Our Programs
729:
849:"21st Annual Celebration of Excellence in Education"
548:"Marcus Foster Raised Expectations for All Students"
492:
Biographical Dictionary of Modern American Educators
234:. Foster was assassinated in 1973 by members of the
496:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. pp.
274:. He earned a Doctor of Education (Ed.D.) from the
16:
Educator murdered by the Symbionese Liberation Army
489:
317:won a third four-year term by defeating Democrat
163:Oakland's first African American Superintendent;
1103:
693:"Reading Defeats Seale Easily for Oakland Mayor"
238:(SLA), a newly founded leftist terrorist group.
1182:African-American history in Oakland, California
955:
726:, November 19, 1973. Accessed January 14, 2007
541:
539:
537:
535:
941:
532:
241:
948:
934:
38:
885:
883:
766:Obituary: Albertine Ramseur (Abbe) Foster
681:– via Georgia Historic Newspapers.
628:
597:
405:Both the University of Pennsylvania and
1207:20th-century African-American educators
854:
685:
634:
603:
572:
483:
481:
479:
477:
475:
1104:
889:
880:
566:
376:
929:
890:Taylor, Michael (November 14, 2002).
711:
424:, in the East Bay, and later also at
1192:Murder in the San Francisco Bay Area
1157:School superintendents in California
921:Marcus A. Foster Education Institute
472:
422:California State University, Hayward
386:Cheyney University, his alma mater.
545:
13:
1147:Academics from Oakland, California
426:University of California, Berkeley
407:University of California, Berkeley
260:African Methodist Episcopal Church
14:
1218:
1122:1973 murders in the United States
914:
289:, also became a noted educator.
246:Marcus Albert Foster was born in
1172:Murdered African-American people
1037:
381:Foster received the prestigious
1202:Oakland Unified School District
1167:Deaths by firearm in California
1127:20th-century American educators
842:
828:
809:
787:
783:Ecumenical Theological Seminary
776:
759:
743:. November 11, 1973. p. A2
527:marcus a foster March 31, 1923.
399:School District of Philadelphia
367:Ecumenical Theological Seminary
228:Oakland Unified School District
154:Oakland Unified School District
797:. Marcus Foster Education Fund
795:"Marcus Foster Education Fund"
659:
1:
1177:Crimes in Oakland, California
1162:People murdered in California
737:"Oakland Bullets Had Cyanide"
635:Spencer, John (August 2012).
604:Spencer, John (August 2012).
573:Spencer, John (August 2012).
465:
272:historically black university
818:; Accessed January 14, 2007
415:
287:Justine Wilkinson Washington
7:
1152:Educators from Philadelphia
1142:People from Athens, Georgia
10:
1223:
1197:American terrorism victims
959:Symbionese Liberation Army
822:December 11, 2006, at the
460:SLA shootout with the LAPD
394:school senior or seniors.
339:Symbionese Liberation Army
276:University of Pennsylvania
236:Symbionese Liberation Army
217:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
127:University of Pennsylvania
23:Marcus Foster (basketball)
20:
1080:
1046:
1035:
967:
292:
198:
190:
182:
174:
159:
149:
141:
133:
115:
105:
91:
72:
46:
37:
30:
332:
242:Early life and education
1132:American murder victims
896:San Francisco Chronicle
213:Simon Gratz High School
1137:Assassinated educators
718:"Murder in California"
363:Mountain View Cemetery
321:, a co-founder of the
110:Mountain View Cemetery
864:. PBS. Archived from
836:"ACSA Awards Program"
268:Cheyney State College
121:Cheyney State College
361:Foster is buried in
209:Marcus Albert Foster
51:Marcus Albert Foster
741:The Washington Post
667:"November 22, 1973"
377:Honors and tributes
343:identification card
232:Oakland, California
92:Cause of death
84:Oakland, California
868:on October 3, 2005
383:Philadelphia Award
285:His first cousin,
1099:
1098:
985:Patricia Soltysik
773:, January 1, 2011
652:978-0-8122-4435-9
621:978-0-8122-4435-9
590:978-0-8122-4435-9
546:Spencer, John P.
444:college degrees.
437:Patricia Soltysik
371:Detroit, Michigan
206:
205:
194:Albertine Ramseur
142:Years active
1214:
1041:
995:Nancy Ling Perry
968:Founding members
962:
960:
950:
943:
936:
927:
926:
908:
907:
905:
903:
887:
878:
877:
875:
873:
858:
852:
846:
840:
839:
832:
826:
813:
807:
806:
804:
802:
791:
785:
780:
774:
763:
757:
756:
750:
748:
733:
727:
715:
709:
708:
706:
704:
689:
683:
682:
680:
678:
663:
657:
656:
632:
626:
625:
601:
595:
594:
570:
564:
563:
561:
559:
554:. pp. 79–80
543:
530:
529:
524:
522:
495:
485:
441:Nancy Ling Perry
431:Escaped convict
79:
76:November 6, 1973
60:
58:
42:
28:
27:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1076:
1059:Kathleen Soliah
1054:Wendy Yoshimura
1042:
1033:
1020:Mary Alice Siem
975:Donald DeFreeze
963:
958:
956:
954:
917:
912:
911:
901:
899:
898:. pp. A-17
888:
881:
871:
869:
860:
859:
855:
847:
843:
834:
833:
829:
824:Wayback Machine
814:
810:
800:
798:
793:
792:
788:
781:
777:
770:Oakland Tribune
764:
760:
746:
744:
735:
734:
730:
716:
712:
702:
700:
691:
690:
686:
676:
674:
665:
664:
660:
653:
633:
629:
622:
602:
598:
591:
571:
567:
557:
555:
544:
533:
520:
518:
508:
486:
473:
468:
433:Donald DeFreeze
418:
379:
335:
315:John H. Reading
295:
252:Great Migration
248:Athens, Georgia
244:
166:
164:
124:
116:Alma mater
87:
81:
77:
68:
65:Athens, Georgia
62:
56:
54:
53:
52:
33:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1220:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1073:Michael Bortin
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
971:
969:
965:
964:
953:
952:
945:
938:
930:
924:
923:
916:
915:External links
913:
910:
909:
879:
853:
841:
827:
808:
786:
775:
758:
728:
710:
699:. May 17, 1973
697:New York Times
684:
658:
651:
627:
620:
596:
589:
565:
552:Education Next
531:
506:
470:
469:
467:
464:
417:
414:
378:
375:
334:
331:
323:Black Panthers
294:
291:
243:
240:
224:superintendent
204:
203:
200:
196:
195:
192:
188:
187:
184:
180:
179:
178:Superintendent
176:
172:
171:
161:
160:Known for
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
143:
139:
138:
135:
131:
130:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
93:
89:
88:
82:
80:(aged 50)
74:
70:
69:
63:
61:March 31, 1923
50:
48:
44:
43:
35:
34:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1219:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1091:
1089:
1088:Marcus Foster
1086:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1070:
1069:James Kilgore
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1047:Later members
1045:
1040:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1015:Thero Wheeler
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
980:Angela Atwood
978:
976:
973:
972:
970:
966:
961:
951:
946:
944:
939:
937:
932:
931:
928:
922:
919:
918:
897:
893:
886:
884:
867:
863:
857:
850:
845:
837:
831:
825:
821:
817:
812:
796:
790:
784:
779:
772:
771:
767:
762:
755:
742:
738:
732:
725:
724:
719:
714:
698:
694:
688:
672:
668:
662:
654:
648:
644:
640:
639:
631:
623:
617:
613:
609:
608:
600:
592:
586:
582:
578:
577:
569:
553:
549:
542:
540:
538:
536:
528:
517:
513:
509:
507:0-313-29133-0
503:
499:
494:
493:
484:
482:
480:
478:
476:
471:
463:
461:
456:
453:
450:
445:
442:
438:
434:
429:
427:
423:
413:
410:
408:
403:
400:
395:
391:
387:
384:
374:
372:
368:
364:
359:
356:
352:
347:
344:
340:
330:
328:
327:Ronald Reagan
324:
320:
316:
311:
307:
303:
300:
290:
288:
283:
282:institution.
281:
277:
273:
269:
263:
261:
257:
253:
249:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
222:
218:
214:
210:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
170:
162:
158:
155:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
122:
118:
114:
111:
108:
106:Resting place
104:
101:
97:
96:Assassination
94:
90:
85:
75:
71:
66:
49:
45:
41:
36:
32:Marcus Foster
29:
24:
19:
1092:Myrna Opsahl
1087:
1064:Patty Hearst
1010:Willie Wolfe
1005:Emily Harris
990:Camilla Hall
900:. Retrieved
895:
870:. Retrieved
866:the original
856:
844:
830:
811:
801:December 17,
799:. Retrieved
789:
778:
768:
761:
752:
745:. Retrieved
740:
731:
721:
713:
701:. Retrieved
696:
687:
675:. Retrieved
670:
661:
637:
630:
606:
599:
575:
568:
556:. Retrieved
551:
526:
519:. Retrieved
491:
457:
454:
446:
430:
419:
411:
404:
396:
392:
388:
380:
360:
355:calling card
348:
336:
312:
308:
304:
296:
284:
264:
256:Philadelphia
245:
208:
207:
167:murdered by
78:(1973-11-06)
18:
1117:1973 deaths
1112:1923 births
1030:Gary Atwood
1027:Russ Little
1024:Bill Harris
673:. p. 1
358:robberies.
319:Bobby Seale
1106:Categories
1000:Joe Remiro
747:August 18,
703:August 13,
558:August 13,
466:References
449:Joe Remiro
280:Ivy League
134:Occupation
57:1923-03-31
902:March 17,
677:April 24,
521:March 16,
416:Aftermath
299:principal
186:1970–1973
145:1957–1973
872:June 24,
820:Archived
516:36430647
199:Children
150:Employer
137:Educator
100:shooting
1081:Victims
351:cyanide
125:Ed.D.,
123:, 1947
649:
618:
587:
514:
504:
293:Career
191:Spouse
129:, 1971
119:B.A.,
333:Death
278:, an
221:black
175:Title
904:2009
874:2012
803:2012
749:2007
723:Time
705:2022
679:2023
647:ISBN
616:ISBN
585:ISBN
560:2022
523:2009
512:OCLC
502:ISBN
439:and
397:The
270:, a
183:Term
86:, US
73:Died
67:, US
47:Born
498:432
369:in
230:in
215:in
169:SLA
98:by
1108::
894:.
882:^
751:.
739:.
720:,
695:.
669:.
645:.
643:38
614:.
612:31
583:.
581:30
550:.
534:^
525:.
510:.
500:.
474:^
428:.
373:.
329:.
949:e
942:t
935:v
906:.
876:.
838:.
805:.
707:.
655:.
624:.
593:.
562:.
202:1
59:)
55:(
25:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
