1118:
178:
380:
1374:
367:
1314:
1326:
1386:
1362:
1163:
1242:
1338:
1350:
1254:
1398:
1278:
1302:
1266:
1944:
1130:
355:
3376:
48:
41:
30:
542:
179:
1290:
1228:. Undergraduate, postgraduate degrees are offered. Many private institutions also impart training. Guru Banamali Maharana had established an institute called 'Mardala Academy' in Bhubaneswar, the state capital. Ramahari Das Odissi Gurukul at Biragobindapur, Sakhigopal also offers training in Mardala under Guru
1158:
Guru
Rabinarayan Panda, Guru Jayadeba Giri, Guru Janardana Dash, Guru Dhaneswar Swain, Guru Sachidananda Das, Guru Bijaya Kumar Barik, Guru Jagannath Kuanr are among modern-day exponents of the Mardala. Many veteran Gotipua masters have also excelled in the Mardala : Guru Birabara Sahu, Guru
1232:, who also has his own institute called 'Vadya Vani Gurukul' which specialises in traditional percussion instruments of Odisha. Ensembles of traditional musical instruments of Odisha with the mardala taking the lead have also been conceptualised and executed.
1183:
The role of the
Mardala as a solo instrument has been presented for the last few decades with great success, apart from its better-known role as an accompaniment in the ensemble for Odissi music and dance. The solo performances follow a specific rule or
1117:
372:
An image of dancing Shiva (Natambara in Odisha parlance). Notice a mardala player in the bottom left corner, observing Shiva's footsteps to replicate the rhythm. The mardala depicted is identical to the instrument in use to this
1099:
is frequently employed in traditional Odissi songs. This is composed within the fixed prosody of the respective song. The padi is repeated in several different talas, layas and from different matras. Kabichandra Dr.
1142:
The
Mardala is intimately associated with the Jagannatha temple and thus has a very esteemed position in the culture of Odisha. Many Gurus have worked for carrying forward the legacy of the instrument. Adiguru
744:
3306:
509:(ash). Once done, the instrument is sun-dried. Once dried, the paste is reapplied and again sundried, and this process is repeated for at least twelve times before adjudging the
2089:
2565:
2371:
2297:
3301:
2255:
2141:
2540:
2318:
1313:
751:
689:
2205:
2136:
2131:
674:
780:
s in use in Odissi music are distinctive, and are not found in other systems of Indian music. The playing of the instrument follows a strict classical grammar.
3291:
2348:
2328:
2260:
2784:
2555:
2391:
2343:
2235:
2126:
2102:
3410:
2198:
2146:
2118:
2058:
305:
of Puri has for centuries had a
Mardala servitor. This was known as the 'Madeli Seba' and the percussionist was ritually initiated into the temple by the
2769:
2734:
2550:
2504:
2409:
2333:
2250:
2240:
3173:
2819:
2749:
2606:
2535:
2489:
2479:
2289:
2276:
2245:
2230:
2191:
631:
263:
127:
2809:
2560:
2474:
2386:
2323:
2824:
2719:
2212:
268:
896:
The talas have a characteristic swing that is typical of and universally found in Odissi music. The details of some major talas are listed below.
2779:
2754:
2366:
2353:
2338:
2002:
2942:
2905:
2890:
2885:
2844:
2814:
2804:
2764:
2596:
2484:
2440:
1671:
2910:
2880:
2854:
2849:
2829:
2799:
2545:
2530:
2170:
1997:
610:
1373:
2900:
2859:
2839:
2525:
1512:
1241:
1611:
Rath, Shantanu Kumar. Mishra (ed.). "Odia
Lokanatakaku Ganjamara Abadana" [Role of Ganjam in Odisha's performing art traditions].
2895:
2834:
2381:
220:
1385:
1928:
1898:
684:
659:
1277:
3403:
2864:
1325:
737:
2654:
1870:
1790:
1827:
1151:, Guru Padmanabha Panda, Guru Basudeba Khuntia, Guru Mahadeba Rout, Guru Narayana Mahapatra, Guru Banamali Maharana and Guru
1361:
1123:
Guru
Banamali Maharana, who received a 2004 Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for his contribution to Odissi Music and the Mardala
1265:
3917:
3396:
379:
1586:
3419:
1564:
1135:
Guru
Mahadeba Rout, recipient of Odisha Sangeet Natak Akademi Award and 'Pandita' epithet from the Government of Odisha
1349:
1337:
1474:
1253:
3881:
1397:
1301:
1289:
1204:, the first solo Mardala player who have presented a solo performance on Mardala under the able guidance of Guru
321:
3188:
1524:
441:
ordains the
Mardala to be about one and a half cubits long. The left face must be between twelve and thirteen
392:
All woods are not suitable for constructing the
Mardala. According to treatises, the ideal Mardala is made of
366:
2016:
1225:
1221:
1171:
860:
kalā, ansā, māna, aḍasā, bhaunri, bhaunri aḍasā, tāli, khāli, phānka, bāṇi, ukuṭa, pāṭa, chhanda, bhangi,
2647:
1863:
1715:
489:(fruit of black myrobalan tree) and sour gruel. This is applied to the right face of the Mardala. The
3529:
2097:
890:
kuḍuka, aḍḍa, duāḍamāna, upāḍḍa, panchutāla (nabapanchu tala), paḍitāla, pahapaṭa, aṭṭatāla, āṭhatāli
582:
2469:
2313:
2268:
2110:
1144:
594:
111:
3438:
3850:
3296:
3203:
3193:
3276:
1619:. Bhubaneswar: Odisha Sangeet Natak Akademi, Department of Culture, Government of Odisha: 52–64.
866:, a traditional component based on the Mardala's beats was integrated into Odissi dance by Guru
235:
Odishan musicologists in ancient treatises have mentioned four distinct kinds of instruments or
3855:
2678:
302:
3927:
3922:
3379:
2640:
1856:
850:
or soundless kriyas are demonstrated by four types of motions ; there is no stroke. The
320:
In hundreds of
Kalingan temples across the state of Odisha, including famous shrines such as
64:
3632:
3331:
1162:
1152:
115:
79:
8:
3043:
2435:
2430:
2399:
2305:
2284:
2154:
1101:
201:
854:
or sounded kriyas are created by striking a membrane. Apart from these, there are eight
3584:
3448:
3116:
3033:
2425:
2084:
2063:
3829:
3814:
3768:
3678:
3637:
3096:
2992:
2663:
2601:
2494:
2034:
1560:
1520:
1470:
1429:
1205:
1148:
1129:
325:
216:
204:
due to its unique construction, acoustic features and traditional playing technique.
119:
2376:
2361:
2184:
2045:
873:
Though several hundred talas are defined in treatises, some are more common :
567:
465:
is applied on the playing face of the Mardala in a round shape. The preparation of
306:
1943:
783:
Traditionally, there are ten vital features of tala that are taken care of :
207:
The Mardala is used in a wide range of traditional art forms of Odisha, including
3886:
3544:
3218:
3178:
3121:
3091:
2924:
2499:
2404:
1808:
1434:
1229:
1201:
1167:
867:
624:
354:
123:
493:
is applied on the left face to produce a pleasant sound. The preparation of the
3860:
3596:
3253:
3198:
3106:
3101:
3086:
3081:
2987:
2947:
2706:
2076:
2053:
2021:
1659:(in Odia). Vol. 1 (2 ed.). Bhubaneswar: Swara-Ranga. pp. 90–100.
587:
572:
402:
422:
are also used. An instrument fashioned from the aforesaid woods is considered
3911:
3758:
3388:
3358:
3213:
3131:
3126:
3111:
3056:
3013:
3008:
2759:
2621:
2445:
2068:
2008:
1740:
577:
172:
151:
87:
266:, an ancient musicologist of Odisha extols the Mardala in his treatise, the
3891:
3683:
3658:
3524:
3157:
2972:
2932:
2724:
2691:
2616:
2586:
2520:
2417:
2177:
1923:
1879:
1696:
1652:
1414:
773:
769:
654:
649:
533:
224:
189:
139:
410:
is also spoken of highly owing to its deep resonance. Other woods such as
184:) is a classical percussive instrument native to the east Indian state of
3896:
3534:
3248:
3243:
3208:
3183:
3141:
3136:
2982:
2774:
2729:
2714:
2451:
2029:
1209:
617:
3809:
3574:
3554:
3483:
3458:
3071:
3066:
3051:
2977:
2744:
2611:
1933:
694:
547:
469:
is a time-consuming and delicate process, requiring the ingredients of
426:, whereas an instrument made from the wood of jackfruit is considered
3738:
3363:
2789:
197:
2632:
1220:
Two state government institutions impart training in Mardala :
513:(tone) of the instrument. Then the instrument is tied strongly with
192:. The instrument is slightly different from other instruments (like
3819:
3804:
3748:
3569:
3564:
3281:
2937:
2040:
1992:
1968:
1963:
1908:
669:
562:
461:
The Mardala is thicker at the middle than its ends. A paste called
310:
95:
47:
40:
29:
2794:
3834:
3824:
3743:
3733:
3708:
3627:
3579:
3539:
3478:
3473:
3433:
3349:
3286:
3076:
2739:
2686:
2591:
1913:
1703:(in Odia). Vol. 2. Bhubaneswar: Swara-Ranga. pp. 18–19.
1641:(in Sanskrit). Bhubaneswar, Odisha: Odisha Sangeet Natak Akademi.
1540:
Mohanty, Gopinath (August 2007). "Odissi - The Classical Music".
1424:
1174:
in the year 2013 for his contribution to Odissi Music and Mardala
679:
309:
ruler. The Mardala used to be the accompanying instrument to the
208:
1765:
3865:
3799:
3794:
3778:
3773:
3713:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3642:
3519:
3514:
3493:
3488:
3453:
3443:
3311:
3258:
3061:
2696:
2581:
1918:
1903:
1893:
1848:
1419:
664:
541:
314:
212:
185:
858:
s. The regional terminology used in the Mardala's context are
457:
The process of making a Mardala is described in detail in the
360:
A lady playing Mardala in a frieze at the Sun Temple of Konark
3763:
3753:
3723:
3622:
3617:
3591:
3559:
3549:
3468:
3463:
3336:
1973:
879:
jhulā, rūpaka, tripaṭā, jhampā, āḍatāli, jati, āditala, maṭhā
720:
715:
328:, the Mardala features prominently, usually in a niche of an
193:
3718:
3688:
3601:
3498:
1517:
Back to the Roots : Essays on Performing Arts of India
1319:
Guru Sachidananda Das, Odisha Sangeet Natak Akademi awardee
1155:
were among the great Gurus of Mardala in the 20th century.
725:
258:
Out of these four, the Mardala falls under the category of
1469:. India: Maxcurious Publications Pvt. Ltd. p. 383.
1501:. Bhubaneswar, Odisha: Government of Orissa. p. 2.
1637:
Ratha, Raghunatha (1976). Patnaik, Kali Charan (ed.).
188:, traditionally used as the primary accompaniment in
1544:. Culture Department, Government of Orissa: 108–111.
332:
playing the instrument. There is a pose by the name
1104:calls this feature 'the lifeline of Odissi music'.
317:, one of the major classical dance forms of India.
162:
3909:
3418:
1791:"Mardal maestro Banamali Maharana passes away"
3404:
2648:
1864:
776:is a rhythmic structure in Indian music. The
745:
336:replicating the same stance in Odissi dance.
251:or leather instruments / drums & finally
200:, etc.) that might have similar names in the
1247:Guru Birabara Sahu, veteran Gotipua exponent
1159:Lingaraj Barik, Guru Maguni Das and others.
764:The playing of the Mardala is based on the
520:
3411:
3397:
2655:
2641:
1871:
1857:
1672:"Celebrating an alternate style of Odissi"
752:
738:
517:or leather strips and ready to be played.
385:Mardala playing (Madeli) stance in Gotipua
227:, Bhutakeli Nata, Odisi Kirtana and more.
1825:
1584:
1283:Guru Maguni Das, veteran Gotipua exponent
1161:
3102:Pana Sankranti (Maha Vishuba Sankranti)
1539:
1178:
3910:
1669:
1497:Patnaik, Kabichandra Dr. Kali Charan.
3392:
2662:
2636:
1852:
1716:"Moment of victory for Odissi Mardal"
1670:Chakra, Shyamhari (3 November 2016).
1636:
1464:
881:. Other talas that are also used are
219:, Ramalila, Krusnalila, Rama Nataka,
171:
1695:
1651:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1554:
1511:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
274:
1826:Vidyarthi, Nita (17 October 2013).
1585:Vidyarthi, Nita (6 February 2014).
1496:
313:dance, the ancestor of present-day
13:
1713:
1465:Parhi, Dr. Kirtan Narayan (2017).
1212:which was very first of its kind.
14:
3939:
1623:
1573:
1559:. Kolkata: Prafulla Publication.
1483:
1447:
445:s and the right face half or one
293:Herefrom I narrate its features.
3788:Non-Membranous Percussion (Ghan)
3652:Membranous Percussion (Avanaddh)
3375:
3374:
1942:
1878:
1610:
1467:The Classicality of Odishi Music
1396:
1384:
1372:
1360:
1348:
1336:
1324:
1312:
1300:
1288:
1276:
1264:
1252:
1240:
1128:
1116:
540:
378:
365:
353:
46:
39:
28:
1819:
1801:
1783:
1758:
1733:
1707:
1689:
1663:
1236:Eminent Gurus of Odissi Mardala
433:
339:
215:, Bhagabata Tungi, Sakhi Nata,
80:Hornbostel–Sachs classification
1809:"Training : About Mardal"
1645:
1604:
1548:
1533:
1505:
1095:An exclusive technique called
1:
3307:Bronze & Bell metal works
1440:
278:
1766:"Under Graduate Departments"
1499:A Glimpse into Orissan Music
291:Mardala is the superlative.
134:More articles or information
7:
3875:Historical/possibly extinct
2090:Sadananda Kabisurjya Brahma
1813:Ramahari Das Odissi Gurukul
1770:Utkal University of Culture
1745:Utkal Sangeet Mahavidyalaya
1408:
1391:Guru Gouranga Charan Mahala
1379:Guru Sarat Kumar Samantaray
1226:Utkal University of Culture
1222:Utkal Sangeet Mahavidyalaya
1215:
1172:Sangeet Natak Akademi Award
842:, that is without-sound or
163:
118:, Guru Mahadeba Rout, Guru
10:
3944:
3918:Indian musical instruments
3420:Indian musical instruments
230:
58:Various views of a Mardala
3874:
3843:
3787:
3651:
3610:
3507:
3426:
3372:
3347:
3324:
3269:
3236:
3227:
3166:
3150:
3042:
3026:
3001:
2965:
2956:
2923:
2873:
2705:
2677:
2670:
2574:
2566:Kisorachandrananda Champu
2513:
2460:
2372:Bisnupriya Samantasinghar
2223:
2163:
2098:Abhimanyu Samantasinghara
1982:
1951:
1940:
1886:
1557:Performing Arts of Orissa
796:or inter-beat transitions
452:
449:less than the left face.
289:Among the membranophones,
280:ānaddhe marddaḻaḥ śreṣṭho
255:or metallic instruments.
243:or stringed instruments,
155:
138:
133:
109:
104:
94:
78:
70:
63:
21:
2470:Singhari Shyamsundar Kar
2314:Singhari Shyamsundar Kar
2298:Nimai Charan Harichandan
2269:Mohan Sundar Deb Goswami
2111:Gopalakrusna Pattanayaka
1188: : starting with a
1145:Singhari Shyamsundar Kar
1107:
521:Repertoire and technique
282:yatastallakṣaṇaṃbrube /
112:Singhari Shyamsundar Kar
90:directly struck by hand)
3851:Bharatiya Sangeet Vadya
2256:Gobinda Chandra Suradeo
2142:Gadadhara Singhasamanta
1701:Udra Paddhatiya Sangita
1367:Guru Maheswar Mohapatra
1331:Guru Bijaya Kumar Barik
1192:, then proceeding onto
1090:
799:kriyā or hand movements
344:
3856:Indian classical music
3611:Bowed Stringed (Vitat)
3508:Plucked Stringed (Tat)
2541:Koti Brahmanda Sundari
2319:Nrusingha Nath Khuntia
1519:. New Delhi: Manohar.
1271:Guru Rabinarayan Panda
1175:
838:The kriyas are either
768:or rhythmic system of
287:
190:Odissi classical music
2207:Sangitarnavachandrika
2137:Benudhara Pattanayaka
2132:Gauracharana Adhikari
1555:Pani, Jeevan (2007).
1259:Guru Basudeba Khuntia
1165:
247:or wind instruments,
173:[mɔrd̪d̪ɔl̪ɔ]
65:Percussion instrument
3332:Kalinga architecture
2349:Biswanatha Pujapanda
2329:Markandeya Mahapatra
2261:Upendranath Tripathy
1355:Guru Chintamani Raut
1343:Guru Jagannath Kuanr
1179:As a solo instrument
1153:Kelucharan Mahapatra
116:Kelucharan Mahapatra
2556:Bidagdha Chintamani
2436:Bhubaneswari Mishra
2431:Gopal Chandra Panda
2400:Raghunath Panigrahi
2392:Radhamani Mahapatra
2344:Kashinath Pujapanda
2306:Tarini Charan Patra
2303:Astabadhani Acharya
2285:Kali Charan Patnaik
2236:Seikh Khan Mohammed
2200:Sangita Kalpalatika
2155:Kalicharan Pattnaik
2127:Raghunatha Parichha
2103:Bhakta Charana Dasa
1828:"Raising his voice"
1714:Chakra, Shyamhari.
1403:Guru Dibakar Parida
1307:Guru Niranjan Patra
1295:Guru Janardana Dash
1208:at Rabidra Mandap,
1102:Kali Charan Patnaik
202:Indian subcontinent
18:
3585:Electronic tanpura
3034:Odia Hindu wedding
2426:Bhikari Charan Bal
2147:Lokanatha Pattnaik
2119:Gourahari Parichha
2085:Jadumani Mahapatra
2064:Brajanath Badajena
2059:Biswanatha Khuntia
1176:
846:, with sound. The
485:(flattened rice),
16:
3905:
3904:
3769:Jori (instrument)
3386:
3385:
3320:
3319:
3184:Bomkai (Sonepuri)
3097:Manabasa Gurubara
3022:
3021:
2993:Prahallada Nataka
2957:Play, theatre and
2919:
2918:
2664:Culture of Odisha
2630:
2629:
2602:Prahallada Nataka
2551:Bichitra Ramayana
2505:Satchidananda Das
2495:Banamali Maharana
2410:Akhil Kumar Lenka
2359:Sangita Sudhakara
2334:Paschimeswar Jena
2251:Harihara Rayaguru
2241:Basudeb Mahapatra
2193:Sangita Muktabalī
2035:Achyutananda Dasa
1741:"Courses offered"
1697:Hota, Dr. Damodar
1653:Hota, Dr. Damodar
1430:Prahallada Nataka
1206:Banamali Maharana
1194:chhanda prakarana
1149:Banamali Maharana
1088:
1087:
762:
761:
633:Sangita Muktabali
400:) or the wood of
303:Jagannatha temple
299:
298:
217:Prahallada Nataka
161:
145:
144:
120:Banamali Maharana
3935:
3413:
3406:
3399:
3390:
3389:
3378:
3377:
3234:
3233:
3174:Baleswari bandha
2966:Play and theatre
2963:
2962:
2675:
2674:
2657:
2650:
2643:
2634:
2633:
2607:Radha Prema Lila
2536:Baidehisa Bilasa
2490:Kashinath Muduli
2480:Padmanabha Panda
2377:Binapani Mohanty
2362:Balakrushna Dash
2290:Shyamsundar Dhir
2277:Apanna Panigrahi
2246:Lokenath Kanungo
2231:Gokul Srichandan
2186:Sangita Narayana
2046:Dinakrushna Dasa
1964:Mrudanga (Khola)
1946:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1850:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1634:
1621:
1620:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1582:
1571:
1570:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1494:
1481:
1480:
1462:
1400:
1388:
1376:
1364:
1352:
1340:
1328:
1316:
1304:
1292:
1280:
1268:
1256:
1244:
1132:
1120:
899:
898:
894:jagannātha tāla.
875:ekatāli, khemaṭā
864:sabda-swara pata
754:
747:
740:
655:Odissi Prabandha
626:Sangita Narayana
544:
525:
524:
505:(blown rice) or
382:
369:
357:
275:
264:Raghunatha Ratha
183:
182:
181:
175:
170:
166:
160:romanized:
159:
157:
128:Sachidananda Das
50:
43:
32:
19:
15:
3943:
3942:
3938:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3901:
3887:Eka-tantri vina
3870:
3839:
3783:
3647:
3606:
3545:Saraswati veena
3503:
3422:
3417:
3387:
3382:
3368:
3343:
3316:
3265:
3229:
3223:
3194:Gopalpur Tussar
3162:
3146:
3092:Makar Sankranti
3038:
3018:
2997:
2958:
2952:
2915:
2869:
2701:
2666:
2661:
2631:
2626:
2575:Allied artforms
2570:
2561:Mathura Mangala
2509:
2500:Dhaneswar Swain
2475:Chakradhar Sahu
2456:
2423:Bhajana Samrata
2405:Shyamamani Devi
2387:Binapani Mishra
2324:Jagabandhu Sahu
2274:Gayaka Siromani
2219:
2214:Sangita Koumudi
2159:
2017:Jagannatha Dasa
1978:
1947:
1938:
1882:
1877:
1847:
1846:
1836:
1834:
1824:
1820:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1774:
1772:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1749:
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1739:
1738:
1734:
1724:
1722:
1712:
1708:
1694:
1690:
1680:
1678:
1668:
1664:
1650:
1646:
1635:
1624:
1609:
1605:
1595:
1593:
1583:
1574:
1567:
1553:
1549:
1538:
1534:
1527:
1510:
1506:
1495:
1484:
1477:
1463:
1448:
1443:
1435:Dhaneswar Swain
1411:
1404:
1401:
1392:
1389:
1380:
1377:
1368:
1365:
1356:
1353:
1344:
1341:
1332:
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1320:
1317:
1308:
1305:
1296:
1293:
1284:
1281:
1272:
1269:
1260:
1257:
1248:
1245:
1230:Dhaneswar Swain
1218:
1202:Dhaneswar Swain
1181:
1170:, recipient of
1168:Dhaneswar Swain
1140:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1110:
1093:
868:Deba Prasad Das
758:
550:
523:
501:(boiled rice),
481:(boiled rice),
459:Natya Manorama.
455:
436:
390:
389:
388:
387:
386:
383:
375:
374:
370:
362:
361:
358:
347:
342:
295:
292:
290:
284:
281:
233:
223:, Medha Nacha,
177:
176:
168:
124:Dhaneswar Swain
85:
59:
56:
55:
54:
53:
52:
51:
44:
35:
34:
33:
12:
11:
5:
3941:
3931:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3903:
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3900:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3878:
3876:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3863:
3861:Music of India
3858:
3853:
3847:
3845:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
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3797:
3791:
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3646:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3599:
3597:Vichitra veena
3594:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
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3522:
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3501:
3496:
3491:
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3446:
3441:
3436:
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3408:
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3342:
3341:
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3328:
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3321:
3318:
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3315:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3254:Saura painting
3251:
3246:
3240:
3238:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3107:Pousha Purnima
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3048:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3011:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2969:
2967:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2929:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
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2883:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
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2807:
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2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2711:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2683:
2681:
2672:
2668:
2667:
2660:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2637:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2466:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2449:
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2428:
2420:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2394:
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2384:
2379:
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2369:
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2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
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2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2308:
2300:
2292:
2287:
2279:
2271:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2121:
2113:
2105:
2100:
2095:Bidagdha Kabi
2092:
2087:
2079:
2077:Baladeba Ratha
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2054:Upendra Bhanja
2048:
2043:
2038:
2032:
2024:
2022:Jasobanta Dasa
2019:
2011:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1876:
1875:
1868:
1861:
1853:
1845:
1844:
1818:
1800:
1797:. 17 Nov 2018.
1782:
1757:
1732:
1706:
1688:
1662:
1657:Sangita Sastra
1644:
1622:
1603:
1587:"His own beat"
1572:
1566:978-8190358880
1565:
1547:
1532:
1525:
1504:
1482:
1475:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1410:
1407:
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1402:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1239:
1237:
1217:
1214:
1180:
1177:
1134:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1084:3 + 2 + 3 + 2
1082:
1079:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1065:4 + 2 + 4 + 4
1063:
1060:
1057:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1046:3 + 4 + 3 + 4
1044:
1041:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1027:4 + 3 + 4 + 3
1025:
1022:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1008:2 + 3 + 2 + 3
1006:
1003:
1000:
995:
991:
990:
987:
984:
981:
976:
972:
971:
968:
965:
962:
957:
953:
952:
949:
946:
943:
938:
934:
933:
930:
927:
924:
919:
915:
914:
911:
908:
905:
902:
836:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
797:
791:
760:
759:
757:
756:
749:
742:
734:
731:
730:
729:
728:
723:
718:
713:
705:
704:
700:
699:
698:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
644:
643:
639:
638:
637:
636:
629:
622:
615:
605:
604:
600:
599:
598:
597:
592:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
557:
556:
552:
551:
545:
537:
536:
530:
529:
522:
519:
454:
451:
439:Natya Manorama
435:
432:
406:. The wood of
403:Acacia catechu
384:
377:
376:
371:
364:
363:
359:
352:
351:
350:
349:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
297:
296:
285:
269:Natya Manorama
232:
229:
143:
142:
136:
135:
131:
130:
107:
106:
102:
101:
98:
92:
91:
82:
76:
75:
74:Odissi Mardala
72:
68:
67:
61:
60:
57:
45:
38:
37:
36:
27:
26:
25:
24:
23:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3940:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3873:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3842:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3786:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3609:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3427:Wind (Sushir)
3425:
3421:
3414:
3409:
3407:
3402:
3400:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3381:
3371:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3359:Odia calendar
3357:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3346:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3302:Wooden crafts
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3232:
3226:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3132:Savitri Brata
3130:
3128:
3127:Samba Dashami
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3112:Prathamastami
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3087:Kumar Purnima
3085:
3083:
3082:Gamha Purnima
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3057:Boita Bandana
3055:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3015:
3014:Sakhi kandhei
3012:
3010:
3009:Ravana chhaya
3007:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2955:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2785:Kathi Kandhei
2783:
2781:
2780:Kandhei nacha
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2658:
2653:
2651:
2646:
2644:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2623:
2622:Rabana Chhaya
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2446:Ramarao Patra
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
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2375:
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2354:Lokanath Pala
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2108:Kabikalahansa
2106:
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2086:
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2082:Utkala Ghanta
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2069:Banamali Dasa
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2020:
2018:
2015:
2012:
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2009:Balarama Dasa
2007:Panchasakha (
2006:
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2003:Damodara Dasa
2001:
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1795:Outlook India
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1720:The Samikshya
1717:
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1639:Natyamanorama
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766:tala-paddhati
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531:
528:Oṛiśī Sangīta
527:
526:
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516:
512:
508:
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500:
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492:
488:
484:
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477:(red chalk),
476:
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468:
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444:
440:
431:
429:
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421:
417:
413:
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408:raktachandana
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88:Membranophone
83:
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62:
49:
42:
31:
20:
3928:Odissi music
3923:Odia culture
3892:Kinnari vina
3882:Ālāpiṇī vīṇā
3728:
3659:Anandalahari
3525:Gottuvadhyam
3325:Architecture
3158:Paika akhada
3151:Martial arts
2973:Bharata Lila
2725:Chaiti ghoda
2617:Bharata Lila
2582:Odissi dance
2521:Gita Govinda
2485:Mahadev Rout
2461:
2441:Sudha Mishra
2422:
2418:Damodar Hota
2414:
2396:
2358:
2310:
2302:
2294:
2281:
2273:
2265:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2179:Gita Prakasa
2178:
2172:Sangita Sara
2171:
2151:
2123:
2116:Sadhaka Kabi
2115:
2107:
2094:
2081:
2073:
2051:Kabi Samrata
2050:
2026:
2013:
1989:
1958:
1924:Gita Govinda
1887:Compositions
1880:Odissi music
1835:. Retrieved
1831:
1821:
1812:
1803:
1794:
1785:
1773:. Retrieved
1769:
1760:
1748:. Retrieved
1744:
1735:
1723:. Retrieved
1719:
1709:
1700:
1691:
1679:. Retrieved
1675:
1665:
1656:
1647:
1638:
1616:
1612:
1606:
1594:. Retrieved
1590:
1556:
1550:
1541:
1535:
1516:
1507:
1498:
1466:
1420:Odissi dance
1415:Odissi music
1219:
1200:, etc. Guru
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1157:
1141:
1096:
1094:
1073:
1054:
1035:
1016:
997:
978:
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940:
921:
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863:
859:
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851:
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843:
839:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
793:
787:
782:
777:
770:Odissi music
765:
763:
710:
650:Gita Govinda
642:Compositions
632:
625:
619:Gita Prakasa
618:
612:Sangita Sara
611:
595:Gopalakrusna
588:
534:Odissi music
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
456:
446:
442:
438:
437:
434:Measurements
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
401:
397:
393:
391:
340:Construction
333:
329:
319:
315:Odissi dance
300:
288:
279:
267:
262:s or drums.
259:
257:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
234:
225:Bharata Lila
213:Odissi dance
206:
147:
146:
140:Odissi music
3897:Pinaka vina
3535:Rudra veena
3270:Handicrafts
3249:Jhoti chita
3244:Pattachitra
3230:Handicrafts
3189:Dhalapathar
3142:Snana Jatra
3137:Sitalsasthi
3117:Ratha Jatra
2983:Dhanu Jatra
2850:Pasu nrutya
2800:Naga nrutya
2770:Jodi sankha
2735:Chutkuchuta
2715:Bagha Nacha
2546:Labanyabati
2531:Rasakallola
2452:Ramhari Das
2415:Padmakesari
2282:Kabichandra
2152:Kabichandra
2124:Kabichandra
2030:Ananta Dasa
1998:Bachha Dasa
1952:Instruments
1725:4 September
1615:(in Odia).
1513:Pani, Jiwan
1210:Bhubaneswar
703:Instruments
695:Charjyapada
546:Mahāprabhu
71:Other names
3912:Categories
3810:Jal tarang
3575:Swarmandal
3555:Seni Rebab
3484:Shruti box
3459:Nadaswaram
3348:Calendar (
3297:Stoneworks
3219:Sambalpuri
3179:Berhampuri
3072:Durga Puja
3067:Dola Jatra
3052:Bali Jatra
2978:Dasakathia
2860:Sakhi Nata
2830:Laudi nata
2820:Sambalpuri
2750:Dhan Koela
2745:Danda Nata
2612:Dasakathia
2526:Usabhilasa
2295:Banikantha
2266:Prabhupada
2074:Kabisurjya
1934:Charyapada
1613:Rangabhumi
1526:8173045607
1441:References
856:desi-kriya
589:Kabisurjya
568:Dinakrusna
548:Jagannātha
330:alasakanya
322:Mukteswara
211:, Mahari,
3739:Mridangam
3439:Harmonium
3364:Anka year
3199:Habaspuri
3167:Handlooms
3062:Deepabali
3044:Festivals
2835:Lankapodi
2810:Rasarkeli
2790:Keisabadi
2679:Classical
2382:Bina Debi
2164:Treatises
1983:Composers
1832:The Hindu
1676:The Hindu
1591:The Hindu
989:3+ 2 + 2
883:sarimāna,
862:etc. The
583:Abhimanyu
555:Composers
515:pata-suta
416:mahalimba
334:mardalika
221:Sahi Jata
198:Mridangam
105:Musicians
84:211.222.1
3820:Khanjani
3805:Ghungroo
3749:Pakhawaj
3570:Swarabat
3565:Surbahar
3380:Category
3282:Tarakasi
3228:Arts and
3214:Pasapali
3002:Puppetry
2959:puppetry
2938:Khanjani
2825:Samprada
2720:Chadheia
2397:Suramani
2041:Salabega
1993:Jayadeva
1990:Kabirāja
1969:Khanjani
1909:Chautisa
1699:(2012).
1655:(2005).
1515:(2004).
1409:See also
1216:Training
1055:sarimāna
913:Chhanda
910:Bibhaga
833:prastāra
790:or beats
670:Chautisa
603:Shāstras
578:Banamali
563:Jayadeva
420:gambhari
307:Gajapati
239: :
110:Adiguru
3835:Morsing
3830:Manjira
3825:Khartal
3729:Mardala
3709:Kanjira
3633:Sarinda
3628:Sarangi
3618:Dilruba
3580:Tanpura
3540:Santoor
3479:Shehnai
3474:Shankha
3434:Bansuri
3350:Panjika
3287:Ganjapa
3277:Chandua
3077:Nuakhai
3027:Wedding
2943:Kendara
2760:Ghumura
2755:Dhuduki
2740:Dalkhai
2687:Gotipua
2592:Goṭipua
2462:Mardala
2311:Adiguru
2014:Atibadi
1959:Mardala
1929:Malasri
1914:Bhajana
1899:Chhanda
1837:28 July
1775:26 July
1750:26 July
1681:28 July
1596:28 July
1425:Gotipua
1186:pranali
1147:, Guru
1074:nihsāri
1017:āḍatāli
979:tripaṭā
941:khemaṭā
922:ekatāli
886:nihsāri
852:sasabda
848:nisabda
844:sasabda
840:nisabda
711:Mardala
690:Pallabi
685:Malasri
680:Bhajana
660:Chhanda
473:(ash),
467:kharali
463:kharali
394:khadira
326:Konarka
249:anaddha
231:History
209:Gotipua
164:Mardaḷa
156:ମର୍ଦ୍ଦଳ
148:Mardala
126:, Guru
122:, Guru
114:, Guru
17:Mardala
3866:Jivari
3815:Kartal
3800:Ghatam
3795:Chimta
3779:Udukai
3759:Sambal
3744:Nagada
3734:Mizhav
3714:Khamak
3704:Edakka
3699:Dholki
3694:Dholak
3674:Damaru
3669:Chenda
3664:Chande
3643:Violin
3520:Ektara
3515:Dotara
3494:Tharai
3489:Sringa
3454:Kuzhal
3444:Karnay
3312:Dhokra
3259:Idital
3204:Kotpad
2948:Dhumpa
2933:Odissi
2906:Paraja
2891:Kandha
2886:Gadaba
2874:Tribal
2865:Suanga
2845:Tamasa
2815:Ranapa
2795:Nachni
2765:Jhumar
2697:Odissi
2692:Mahari
2587:Mahari
2514:Kabyas
2448:(Bina)
1919:Janana
1904:Champu
1894:Odissi
1563:
1523:
1473:
1198:ragada
1190:jamana
998:jhampā
970:2 + 4
960:rūpaka
951:3 + 3
907:Matra
675:Janana
665:Champu
573:Bhanja
511:shruti
507:paunsa
495:purika
491:purika
487:harida
471:paunsa
453:Making
447:angula
443:angula
428:adhama
424:uttama
398:khaira
311:Mahari
245:susira
237:vadyas
186:Odisha
100:medium
96:Volume
3844:Other
3774:Tavil
3764:Tabla
3754:Parai
3724:Madal
3684:Duggi
3679:Dhaak
3623:Esraj
3592:Veena
3560:Sitar
3550:Sarod
3469:Pungi
3464:Nafir
3449:Kombu
3337:Deula
2988:Jatra
2925:Music
2911:Saura
2881:Desia
2855:Patua
2775:Karma
2730:Chhau
2671:Dance
2224:Gurus
1166:Guru
1108:Gurus
904:Tala
808:graha
794:mārga
499:bhata
497:uses
483:chuda
479:bhata
412:nimba
373:date.
253:ghana
194:Madal
169:Odia:
3719:Khol
3689:Dhol
3638:Taus
3602:Yazh
3530:Pena
3499:Venu
3292:Clay
3237:Arts
3209:Ikat
3122:Raja
2901:Onra
2896:Koya
2840:Lila
2805:Pala
2707:Folk
2597:Pala
2027:Sisu
1974:Bina
1839:2020
1777:2020
1752:2020
1727:2020
1683:2020
1598:2020
1561:ISBN
1521:ISBN
1471:ISBN
1224:and
1097:paḍi
1091:Padi
1036:jati
892:and
828:jati
823:laya
818:kalā
813:jāti
803:anga
788:kāla
778:tala
774:tala
772:. A
726:Khol
721:Bina
716:Benu
475:geru
418:and
345:Wood
324:and
301:The
272:as:
152:Odia
1078:10
1059:14
1040:14
1021:14
1002:10
877:or
503:lia
241:tat
3914::
1830:.
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1575:^
1485:^
1449:^
1196:,
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918:1
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
