485:
202:
647:
666:
1515:
308:
1527:
376:. She had been hospitalized for a week for heart problems, from which she had suffered for about two years. She had refused to have heart surgery. Hack's husband, Aldo De Rosa, died on 26 September 2014, due to complications of the Alzheimer disease. They both rest in the cemetery of Sant'Anna in Trieste. Hack left her personal library, containing 18,000 books on astronomy, to the city of Trieste.
36:
1357:
499:
She was an atheist and she did not believe in any religion or form of supernaturalism. Hack also believed that ethics does not derive from religion, but from "principles of conscience" that allow anyone to have a secular view of life, respectful of other people's individuality and freedom.
1361:
573:
decree"). On the 21st of
January 2009 she became a candidate of the Anti-capitalist List for the European Elections of June. She wasn't elected because the list didn't reach the 4% threshold. In November 2009, through an open letter on the
920:
429:
Member of the most physics and astronomy associations, Margherita Hack was also director of the
Astronomy Department at the University of Trieste from 1985 to 1991 and from 1994 to 1997. She was a member of the
1627:
454:. In Italy, with an intensive promotion work, she obtained the growth of activity of the astronomical community with access to several satellites, reaching a notoriety of international level.
152:
1622:
402:
Daniela
Olivieri (who is known as Sissi) who teaches at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze. This is the first statue of a woman scientist to stand on public ground in Italy donated by
634:
power stations in Italy, but in favour of nuclear research, explaining that Italy was not at that time able to maintain nuclear reactors and that Italy is a scarcely reliable country.
512:
595:
district with over 7000 votes. During the first
Council meeting she resigned leaving the seat to the other list's candidates. In October 2012 she declared her endorsement for
457:
Hack has published several original papers in international journals and several books both of popular science and university level. In 1994 she was awarded with the
446:
and applications; section A: astronomy and applications). She worked at many
American and European observatories and was for long time member of working groups of
458:
147:
462:
896:
996:
403:
349:
In Italy, Hack was known for her anti-religious views and her continual criticism of the
Catholic Church and of its hierarchy and institutions. She was a
422:
from 1964 to the 1st of
November 1992, when Hack was placed "out of role" for seniority. She has been the first Italian woman to administrate the
782:
1562:
832:
539:
1082:
1034:
1431:
1301:
508:
1009:
671:
932:
1567:
1557:
1602:
1592:
1382:
1061:
1249:
798:
652:
214:
26:
1519:
1335:
1107:
266:
390:
In June 2022, to celebrate the 100th anniversary of her birth, a statue of
Margherita Hack was placed in front of the
1607:
1572:
1165:
277:
Society, for which
Roberto Hack was secretary for a time under the chairmanship of the countess Gamberini-Cavallini.
1597:
1577:
1531:
1227:
523:
423:
288:
and competed in track and field during the
National University Contests, called the Littoriali under Mussolini's
391:
1617:
543:
1460:
1485:
971:
610:
In April 2013, Hack joined the "Emma Bonino committee" together with other eminent Italian figures, such as
815:
346:. Hack considered Abetti her model for a scientist, teacher, and scientific research centre administrator.
496:
Hack was also known for her activities outside of science, especially in the social and political fields.
1587:
1181:
547:
531:
516:
1612:
846:
764:
1582:
1231:
1128:
584:, on the matter of legal actions in which he was involved in and his alleged attempt to elude them.
1358:"::: Ministero dell'Interno ::: Archivio Storico delle Elezioni - Regionali del 3 Aprile 2005"
1235:
503:
Hostile to any form of superstition, including pseudosciences, Hack was a scientific guarantor of
867:
301:
274:
484:
327:
114:
1298:
1284:
569:, after a discussion against the law 133/08 (which previously was the law-decree 112, called "
353:
from childhood and supported animal welfare. She wrote a book explaining this choice entitled
554:
434:(national member in the class of mathematical physics and natural sciences; second category:
419:
184:
89:
1552:
1547:
431:
599:
during the left wing primary elections, whereas during the following ballot she sided for
8:
339:
1246:
1206:
1039:
921:"Margherita Hack: Astrophysicist and activist who fought for left-wing causes in Italy"
604:
1161:
979:
795:
776:
581:
561:, Hack gave a lecture on astrophysics touching on the experiments carried out at the
535:
281:
945:
318:
Hack attended the Liceo Classico "Galileo Galilei" in Florence, but the outbreak of
473:
335:
223:
67:
1317:
1489:
1464:
1305:
1253:
802:
702:
570:
174:
1267:
1129:"Una statua per Margherita Hack. È la prima in Italia dedicata a una scienziata"
476:, she directed the magazine of popular science and astronomy culture Le Stelle.
742:
343:
289:
228:
1343:
861:
630:
Regarding the energy issue, Margherita Hack spoke against the construction of
1541:
983:
631:
596:
384:
350:
251:
1035:"Margherita Hack: Google pays tribute to Italian astrophysicist with Doodle"
883:
Idee per diventare Astrofisico - Osservare le stelle per spiegare l'Universo
897:"La Chiesa vieta a Margherita Hack di presentare il libro di venerdì santo"
611:
600:
331:
319:
170:
1108:"Margherita Hack monument competition winner announced - Milano Art Guide"
949:
619:
566:
258:
254:
835:«Giurai al regime, volevo la medaglia vinta in atletica» Margherita Hack
201:
1406:
646:
615:
443:
322:
prevented her from taking her exams. In 1945, she received a degree in
285:
550:, but she decided to give the seat up to devote herself to astronomy.
300:
events. She married Aldo De Rosa on 19 February 1944 in the church of
665:
576:
435:
415:
297:
293:
235:
472:, whose first issue came out in November 1979; later, together with
558:
527:
439:
372:
Hack died on 29 June 2013 at 4:30 am at Cattinara Hospital in
247:
232:
104:
59:
848:
Repubblica.it, Margherita Hack, la voglia di vivere diecimila anni
1628:
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
1514:
1182:"Grandi maestre/Grandi allieve - Margherita Hack e Chiara Daraio"
587:
During the regional elections of 2010, Hack was running with the
373:
323:
307:
262:
85:
63:
653:
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
513:
Luca Coscioni Association for the freedom of scientific research
1526:
580:
magazine, she criticized the Italian President of the Council,
399:
380:
270:
542:. She sided again with the Party of Italian Communists in the
273:
Gallery. Both parents left their religion to join the Italian
1010:"I 18mila libri di Margherita Hack, nasce un Fondo a Trieste"
504:
93:
35:
1623:
Recipients of the Italian Order of Merit for Culture and Art
672:
Gold Medal of the Italian Order of Merit for Culture and Art
997:
Margherita Hack: «Sono malata ma non mi opero. Come va, va»
592:
562:
489:
451:
447:
250:. Her father Roberto Hack was a Florentine bookkeeper of
1083:"Sissi a monument dedicated to Margherita Hack in Milan"
816:"L'astrofisica Hack, stella dei Littoriali del fascismo"
468:
In 1978, Margherita Hack founded the bimonthly magazine
314:, a sculpture representing Hack created by artist Sissi.
1383:"Margherita Hack: Lettera aperta al premier Berlusconi"
618:, Alessandro Pace, Stefano Disegni in order to promote
553:
On 22 October 2008, during a student demonstration in
426:
from 1964 to 1987, bringing it to international fame.
16:
Italian astrophysicist and science writer (1922–2013)
1336:"The "Who's Who" in the Transnational Radical Party"
622:'s candidacy as Italian President of the Republic.
304:; De Rosa had been one of her childhood playmates.
461:for the scientific research, and in 1995 with the
765:"Teosofia in Italia - Società Teosofica Italiana"
546:. She was nominated for several districts of the
1539:
1407:"Sito ufficiale della Regione Lazio - Home Page"
859:
479:
923:. independent.co.uk. Retrieved 22 January 2023.
238:, discovered in 1995, was named in her honour.
1201:
1199:
1151:
1149:
625:
227:; 12 June 1922 – 29 June 2013) was an Italian
330:with a final score of 101/110; her thesis in
935:. thetimes.co.uk. Retrieved 22 January 2023.
507:since 1989 and an honorary president of the
1196:
1146:
781:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
538:. After the election, she gave her seat to
509:Union of Rationalist Atheists and Agnostics
257:origin. Her mother, Maria Luisa Poggesi, a
1265:
1256:on the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei site
34:
1299:Ingerenza del Vaticano di Margherita Hack
1105:
813:
637:
1268:"Conferenza di Margherita Hack a Caorle"
1158:L'amica delle stelle. Storia di una vita
680:
483:
306:
1318:"I Presidenti onorari dell'UAAR | UAAR"
1294:
1292:
1126:
1007:
1540:
409:
1563:20th-century Italian women scientists
946:"Morta l'astrofisica Margherita Hack"
222:
1289:
1155:
880:
153:Premio Internazionale Cortina Ulisse
1106:Biancuzzi, Gianmaria (2022-01-22).
762:
13:
1453:
524:Italian regional elections of 2005
361:); she also wrote a book entitled
267:Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze
14:
1639:
1507:
814:Mambretti, Daniela (2010-08-10).
1568:21st-century Italian astronomers
1558:20th-century Italian astronomers
1525:
1513:
1440:Repubblica Tv - la Repubblica.it
1266:Furlanetto, Lucio (1998-08-04).
1234:, Società astronomica italiana,
1228:International Astronomical Union
664:
645:
424:Trieste Astronomical Observatory
200:
1603:Italian vegetarianism activists
1593:Italian people of Swiss descent
1478:
1424:
1399:
1375:
1350:
1328:
1310:
1285:Editions archive of "Le Stelle"
1278:
1259:
1240:
1221:
1174:
1120:
1099:
1075:
1063:Margherita Hack's 99th Birthday
1054:
1027:
1001:
990:
964:
938:
926:
870:from the original on 2021-12-21
860:astrieparticelle (2009-10-23),
515:. She has been a member of the
338:, based on her studies in the
133:
914:
889:
874:
853:
840:
826:
807:
789:
756:
465:for scientific dissemination.
432:Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei
342:, then under the direction of
231:and science communicator. The
1:
1087:Galleria d'Arte Maggiore g.am
749:
689:(with Viviano Domenici, 2015)
544:2006 Italian general election
534:obtaining 5,364 votes in the
480:Social and political activity
1360:. 2007-12-26. Archived from
1342:. 2012-11-28. Archived from
511:(UAAR). In 2005, she joined
392:Università Statale di Milano
241:
7:
796:Lo sguardo dell’astrofisica
693:Hack! Come io vedo il mondo
626:Supporting nuclear research
591:and she was elected in the
532:Party of Italian Communists
517:Transnational Radical Party
394:. The bronze statue titled
224:[marɡeˈriːtaˈ(h)ak]
10:
1644:
1127:Nazione, La (2022-02-09).
1008:Nazione, La (2022-03-08).
885:. Zanichelli. p. 150.
589:Federazione della Sinistra
414:She was full professor of
284:in her youth, Hack played
1324:(in Italian). 2008-08-02.
1232:European Physical Society
1156:Hack, Margherita (2000).
881:Hack, Margherita (2005).
721:La mia vita in bicicletta
674:– awarded on 27 May 1998
655:– awarded on 28 May 2012
363:La mia vita in bicicletta
269:and a miniaturist at the
199:
194:
190:
180:
166:
159:
143:
120:
110:
100:
74:
45:
33:
21:
1608:Scientists from Florence
1573:Italian anti-capitalists
1442:(in Italian). 2011-06-08
1236:Italian Physical Society
1160:. Rizzoli. p. 293.
903:(in Italian). 2012-03-02
709:Vi racconto l'astronomia
265:, was a graduate of the
1598:Italian science writers
1578:Italian astrophysicists
727:Perché sono vegetariana
355:Perché sono vegetariana
302:San Leonardo in Arcetri
215:Knight Grand Cross OMRI
27:Knight Grand Cross OMRI
1518:Quotations related to
733:Dove nascono le stelle
699:Nove vite come i gatti
687:C'è qualcuno là fuori?
638:Awards and decorations
493:
387:on her 99th birthday.
328:University of Florence
315:
115:University of Florence
1618:Women astrophysicists
1486:"Presidential Awards"
1461:"Presidential Awards"
833:Corriere della Sera,
681:Selected publications
555:Piazza della Signoria
488:Margherita Hack on a
487:
459:Targa Giuseppe Piazzi
420:University of Trieste
359:Why I Am A Vegetarian
310:
185:University of Trieste
148:Targa Giuseppe Piazzi
90:Friuli-Venezia Giulia
1534:at Wikimedia Commons
1411:www.regione.lazio.it
739:Nebulae and Galaxies
463:Cortina Ulisse Prize
383:celebrated her with
367:My life on a bicycle
292:, where she won the
548:Chamber of Deputies
530:in the list of the
410:Scientific activity
404:Fondazione Deloitte
340:Arcetri Observatory
1588:Italian communists
1432:"Margherita Hack:
1304:2016-03-05 at the
1252:2014-12-12 at the
1207:"Hack, Margherita"
1040:The Indian Express
801:2012-01-12 at the
494:
492:conference in 2007
316:
1613:Women astronomers
1530:Media related to
1434:Nucleare? Voto sì
1209:. www.treccani.it
1184:. d.repubblica.it
972:"Margherita Hack"
933:"Margherita Hack"
769:www.teosofica.org
678:
677:
659:
658:
605:Pierluigi Bersani
582:Silvio Berlusconi
536:province of Milan
379:On 12 June 2021,
336:Cepheid variables
246:Hack was born in
208:
207:
161:Scientific career
1635:
1583:Italian atheists
1529:
1517:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1387:micromega-online
1379:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1340:radicalparty.org
1332:
1326:
1325:
1314:
1308:
1296:
1287:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1263:
1257:
1244:
1238:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1203:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1153:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1005:
999:
994:
988:
987:
968:
962:
961:
959:
957:
942:
936:
930:
924:
918:
912:
911:
909:
908:
893:
887:
886:
878:
872:
871:
857:
851:
844:
838:
830:
824:
823:
811:
805:
793:
787:
786:
780:
772:
760:
668:
661:
660:
649:
642:
641:
614:, Toni Garrani,
474:Corrado Lamberti
226:
221:
217:
204:
137:
135:
81:
55:
53:
38:
19:
18:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1538:
1537:
1532:Margherita Hack
1520:Margherita Hack
1510:
1505:
1504:
1494:
1492:
1490:Quirinal Palace
1484:
1483:
1479:
1469:
1467:
1465:Quirinal Palace
1459:
1458:
1454:
1445:
1443:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1416:
1414:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1391:
1389:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1367:
1365:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1306:Wayback Machine
1297:
1290:
1283:
1279:
1264:
1260:
1254:Wayback Machine
1245:
1241:
1226:
1222:
1212:
1210:
1205:
1204:
1197:
1187:
1185:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1168:
1154:
1147:
1138:
1136:
1125:
1121:
1112:
1110:
1104:
1100:
1091:
1089:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1068:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1046:
1044:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1019:
1017:
1006:
1002:
995:
991:
970:
969:
965:
955:
953:
944:
943:
939:
931:
927:
919:
915:
906:
904:
895:
894:
890:
879:
875:
858:
854:
845:
841:
831:
827:
812:
808:
803:Wayback Machine
794:
790:
774:
773:
761:
757:
752:
715:Il Mio Infinito
703:Federico Taddia
683:
640:
628:
522:Hack stood for
482:
412:
244:
219:
213:
211:Margherita Hack
175:popular science
173:
151:
139:
136: 1944)
131:
127:
111:Alma mater
96:
83:
79:
70:
57:
51:
49:
41:
29:
24:
23:Margherita Hack
17:
12:
11:
5:
1641:
1631:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1536:
1535:
1523:
1509:
1508:External links
1506:
1503:
1502:
1477:
1452:
1423:
1398:
1374:
1349:
1346:on 2012-11-28.
1327:
1309:
1288:
1277:
1272:www.castfvg.it
1258:
1239:
1220:
1195:
1173:
1166:
1145:
1119:
1098:
1074:
1053:
1026:
1000:
989:
978:. 2013-07-16.
963:
952:. 29 June 2013
937:
925:
913:
888:
873:
852:
839:
825:
806:
788:
754:
753:
751:
748:
747:
746:
743:Giorgio Abetti
736:
730:
724:
718:
712:
706:
696:
690:
682:
679:
676:
675:
669:
657:
656:
650:
639:
636:
627:
624:
481:
478:
411:
408:
396:Sguardo Fisico
344:Giorgio Abetti
312:Sguardo Fisico
290:fascist regime
243:
240:
229:astrophysicist
206:
205:
197:
196:
192:
191:
188:
187:
182:
178:
177:
168:
164:
163:
157:
156:
145:
141:
140:
129:
125:
124:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
84:
82:(aged 91)
76:
72:
71:
58:
47:
43:
42:
39:
31:
30:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1640:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1533:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1516:
1512:
1511:
1491:
1487:
1481:
1466:
1462:
1456:
1441:
1437:
1435:
1427:
1412:
1408:
1402:
1388:
1384:
1378:
1364:on 2007-12-26
1363:
1359:
1353:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1331:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1307:
1303:
1300:
1295:
1293:
1286:
1281:
1273:
1269:
1262:
1255:
1251:
1248:
1247:Yearbook 2014
1243:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1208:
1202:
1200:
1183:
1177:
1169:
1167:9788817258708
1163:
1159:
1152:
1150:
1134:
1130:
1123:
1109:
1102:
1088:
1084:
1078:
1065:
1064:
1057:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1030:
1015:
1011:
1004:
998:
993:
985:
981:
977:
973:
967:
951:
947:
941:
934:
929:
922:
917:
902:
898:
892:
884:
877:
869:
865:
864:
863:Zichichi-Hack
856:
850:
849:
843:
837:
836:
829:
822:(in Italian).
821:
817:
810:
804:
800:
797:
792:
784:
778:
771:(in Italian).
770:
766:
759:
755:
744:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
704:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
684:
673:
670:
667:
663:
662:
654:
651:
648:
644:
643:
635:
633:
623:
621:
617:
613:
608:
606:
602:
598:
597:Nichi Vendola
594:
590:
585:
583:
579:
578:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
551:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
520:
518:
514:
510:
506:
501:
497:
491:
486:
477:
475:
471:
466:
464:
460:
455:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
427:
425:
421:
417:
407:
405:
401:
397:
393:
388:
386:
385:Google Doodle
382:
377:
375:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
313:
309:
305:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
278:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
253:
249:
239:
237:
234:
230:
225:
216:
212:
203:
198:
193:
189:
186:
183:
179:
176:
172:
169:
165:
162:
158:
154:
149:
146:
142:
123:
119:
116:
113:
109:
106:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
48:
44:
37:
32:
28:
20:
1522:at Wikiquote
1493:. Retrieved
1480:
1468:. Retrieved
1455:
1444:. Retrieved
1439:
1433:
1426:
1415:. Retrieved
1413:(in Italian)
1410:
1401:
1390:. Retrieved
1386:
1377:
1366:. Retrieved
1362:the original
1352:
1344:the original
1339:
1330:
1321:
1312:
1280:
1271:
1261:
1242:
1223:
1211:. Retrieved
1186:. Retrieved
1176:
1157:
1137:. Retrieved
1135:(in Italian)
1132:
1122:
1111:. Retrieved
1101:
1090:. Retrieved
1086:
1077:
1067:, retrieved
1062:
1056:
1045:. Retrieved
1043:. 2021-06-12
1038:
1029:
1018:. Retrieved
1016:(in Italian)
1013:
1003:
992:
975:
966:
954:. Retrieved
940:
928:
916:
905:. Retrieved
900:
891:
882:
876:
862:
855:
847:
842:
834:
828:
820:La Provincia
819:
809:
791:
768:
758:
738:
732:
726:
720:
714:
708:
698:
692:
686:
629:
612:Renzo Arbore
609:
601:Matteo Renzi
588:
586:
575:
552:
521:
502:
498:
495:
470:L'Astronomia
469:
467:
456:
428:
413:
395:
389:
378:
371:
366:
362:
358:
354:
348:
332:astrophysics
320:World War II
317:
311:
279:
275:Theosophical
245:
210:
209:
181:Institutions
171:astrophysics
160:
126:Aldo De Rosa
80:(2013-06-29)
78:29 June 2013
56:12 June 1922
40:Hack in 2006
1553:2013 deaths
1548:1922 births
950:Rai News 24
620:Emma Bonino
567:Higgs boson
540:Bebo Storti
101:Nationality
1542:Categories
1446:2018-03-08
1417:2018-03-08
1392:2018-03-08
1368:2017-06-02
1139:2022-04-10
1133:La Nazione
1113:2022-04-10
1092:2022-04-10
1069:2021-06-12
1047:2021-06-12
1020:2022-04-10
1014:La Nazione
907:2018-03-08
750:References
616:Anna Fendi
565:about the
444:geophysics
398:is by the
351:vegetarian
286:basketball
252:Protestant
52:1922-06-12
984:0307-1235
976:Telegraph
901:Linkiesta
763:Gruppo4.
577:MicroMega
436:astronomy
416:astronomy
326:from the
298:high jump
294:long jump
242:Biography
236:8558 Hack
195:Signature
1302:Archived
1250:Archived
868:archived
799:Archived
777:cite web
603:against
571:Tremonti
559:Florence
528:Lombardy
440:geodesic
296:and the
259:Catholic
248:Florence
233:asteroid
220:Italian:
60:Florence
1495:30 June
1470:29 June
956:29 June
745:, 1964)
705:, 2013)
632:nuclear
418:at the
374:Trieste
334:was on
324:physics
282:athlete
263:Tuscany
138:
130:
105:Italian
86:Trieste
64:Tuscany
1213:7 June
1188:7 June
1164:
982:
741:(with
735:(2004)
729:(2011)
723:(2011)
717:(2011)
711:(2013)
701:(with
695:(2013)
400:artist
381:Google
271:Uffizi
167:Fields
155:(1995)
150:(1994)
144:Awards
121:Spouse
505:CICAP
261:from
255:Swiss
132:(
128:
94:Italy
68:Italy
1497:2013
1472:2013
1322:UAAR
1215:2014
1190:2014
1162:ISBN
980:ISSN
958:2013
783:link
593:Rome
563:CERN
490:UAAR
452:NASA
450:and
75:Died
46:Born
557:in
526:in
448:ESA
369:).
280:An
1544::
1488:.
1463:.
1438:.
1409:.
1385:.
1338:.
1320:.
1291:^
1270:.
1230:,
1198:^
1148:^
1131:.
1085:.
1037:.
1012:.
974:.
948:.
899:.
866:,
818:.
779:}}
775:{{
767:.
607:.
519:.
442:,
438:,
406:.
134:m.
92:,
88:,
66:,
62:,
1499:.
1474:.
1449:.
1436:"
1420:.
1395:.
1371:.
1274:.
1217:.
1192:.
1170:.
1142:.
1116:.
1095:.
1050:.
1023:.
986:.
960:.
910:.
785:)
365:(
357:(
218:(
54:)
50:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
