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and in some cases to recruit them in order to give the family information on investigations or imminent arrests. A mother of three children by different fathers, she had been in jail several times herself. Rita's son became a heroin addict; he had been dealing heroin for the family when he was 15. By the time she was arrested, Rita was exhausted and angry with her brothers, mired in debts and addicted to amphetamines. She decided to give evidence against her family in return for state protection. Police picked up her brothers, her mother and stepfather, her son, and her ex-husband.
184:(1985â1991). Her older sons, Antonio and Emilio Di Giovine, who dealt in stolen cars, helped to develop the drug trade from their contacts with foreign criminals. Within a few years time, the family's activities concentrated on the drug business and by the late 1980s, the Serraino-Di Giovine clan ran one of the largest and most successful drug dealing enterprises in Milan. Their small local business transformed into a significant international trade.
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drug trafficking in neighbouring areas. Drug suppliers dealt only and exclusively with her, unwilling to risk taking other customers out of fear of reprisals. She ensured the overall operation of the association by distributing merchandise to her other sons and other partners, as well as collecting the money from middleman. Other important duties involved contacts with corrupt law enforcement officers.
176:. The Serraino-Di Giovine clan ultimately controlled the territory around Piazza Prealpi, a square located in the north of Milan, and via Belgioioso. The family began their illegal career with smuggling cigarettes and receiving stolen goods. Maria Serraino, stood for trial on tobacco smuggling seven times and six times for fencing in the 1970s.
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qualities of a boss and made her charismatic leadership abilities a question of blood lines, of belonging to a traditional 'Ndrangheta family. "Sheâs got it right there in her blood, in her veins," Rita said about her mother. "My mother had all the power, because if she decided some job shouldnât be done, then the job wasnât done."
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Maria
Serraino embodies the main characteristic of female power in the 'Ndrangheta: power not in appearance but in substance. Unlike men, women are less interested in external recognition of their power and more interested in exercising it. Her daughter Rita Di Giovine attributed her mother with the
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At the age of 12, Rita had been taken out of school to help to unpack cocaine hidden in the panels of imported cars, and to stuff heroin into bottles of shampoo. She transported large sums of cash and quantities of drugs. Part of her job was to bribe local police to overlook the family's activities,
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The organisation was dismantled in 1993-1995 by three police operations, called Belgio from the name of the street where the clan resided. Some 180 members of the organisation were arrested. An important factor in the downfall of the clan was the arrest of Maria's oldest daughter Rita Di
Giovine in
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Nevertheless, despite Maria's prominent position, she suffered from her husband's violence, considered unimportant within this milieu: "I saw my father beat my mother," her daughter testified. "Even when she was nine months pregnant, he hit her with a broom and broke two ribs." The 'Ndrangheta is
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While the mother ruled the actual fiefdom in Milan, another central operation was located in Spain and managed by Emilio Di
Giovine, trafficking hashish from Morocco to England and cocaine from Colombia to Milan. The operation in Milan was fully recognized by other criminal organizations that ran
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ruled by male prejudice, and women are considered the property of the men. Maria could also not prevent that her daughter Rita was sexually harassed by her brothers and raped by her father from the age of nine until she was nineteen, when she became pregnant.
214:) in 1993: "My mother was the boss of the family. She was the one who gave the orders, even if my brother was the boss in name. She decided who was to do what, but she did it all in a way that my brother wouldn't notice she was running the family, not him."
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During the 1970s, the trade shifted from cigarettes to drugs (including hashish, cocaine, heroin, and ecstasy) and weapons, and involved the whole family of twelve children. The weapons were sent to
Calabria, where their relatives were involved in the
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Maria
Serraino was sentenced to life imprisonment for Mafia association and murder in September 1997. She had ordered the murder of a drug dealer who worked for the family and was guilty of attempting to go into business on his own.
255:," the code of silence). However, swearing loyalty to the organization as is required for men, is not mandatory. This honour is limited to wives, daughters, sisters, girlfriends or someone related to male 'Ndrangheta members.
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She married
Rosario Di Giovine, a prolific tobacco smuggler. Between 1949 and 1985, he was sentenced 65 times for tobacco smuggling and 23 other violations of the tobacco monopoly rules. In 1963 the family moved to
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The rules of the 'Ndrangheta do not consider the possibility of female elements becoming members. Nevertheless, if a woman demonstrates certain abilities she can become associated with the title of
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Despite the hardships and her ruthless rule over the clan, she remained a mother in her own way. When she learned that one daughter became addicted to heroin, she undertook a pilgrimage to the
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in
Calabria. She pledged to stop dealing heroin and only sell hashish in the hope that her daughter would overcome her addiction.
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Women in the 'Ndrangheta: The
Serraino-Di Giovine Case, by Ombretta Ingrasci, in Fiandaca,
376:, by Letizia Paoli, European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), 2000
208:("The Lady"). According to Maria's daughter, Rita Di Giovine, who became a state witness (
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She belongs to a longstanding 'Ndrangheta family from the Reggio
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136:(1931 â 7 December 2017) was an Italian female criminal and a member of the
144:. She is one of the rare examples of a woman leading a 'Ndrangheta clan.
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The
Godmother: Murder, Vengeance, and the Bloody Struggle of Mafia Women
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Women and the Mafia: Female Roles in Organized Crime Structures
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One of the rare examples of a woman leading a 'Ndrangheta clan
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284:"Ă morta " mamma cocaina" una delle prime donne boss"
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People from the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria
508:Mafia Brotherhoods: Organized Crime, Italian Style
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163:, the boss of the Calabrian branch of the clan.
470:Gratteri, Nicola & Antonio Nicaso (2006).
571:'Ndranghetisti sentenced to life imprisonment
155:, about 10 km southeast of the city of
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374:Illegal Drug Markets in Frankfurt and Milan
227:in possession of 1,000 tablets of ecstasy.
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491:(Paperback). New York: Penguin Books.
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421:Ergastolo a unâimprenditrice di mafia
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511:, New York: Oxford University Press
476:, Cosenza: Luigi Pellegrini Editore
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576:People convicted of murder by Italy
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406:Mafia e droga, raffica di ergastoli
196:She had various nicknames, such as
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352:Milano: le donne della âNdrangheta
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451:Fiandaca, Giovanni (ed.) (2007),
393:, The Independent, June 26, 1998
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361:, Omicron Nr. 19, October 1999
290:(in Italian). 10 December 2017
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264:Sanctuary of Our Lady of Polsi
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487:Nadeau, Barbie Latza (2022).
204:("Mummy Heroin"), or simply
115:Mafia association and murder
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527:by Alexandra V. Orlova)
505:Paoli, Letizia (2003).
182:Second 'Ndrangheta war
33:Reggio Calabria, Italy
523:by Klaus Von Lampe) (
457:, New York: Springer
159:. She is a cousin of
200:("Grandma heroin"),
435:Women and the Mafia
329:Women and the Mafia
473:Fratelli di Sangue
391:Mummy runs the Mob
357:2018-09-28 at the
79:Rosario Di Giovine
561:Italian gangsters
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123:Life imprisonment
47:(aged 85â86)
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188:Running the clan
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45:(2017-12-07)
546:2017 deaths
541:1931 births
332:, pp. 47-52
239:Female boss
138:'Ndrangheta
107:'Ndrangheta
52:Nationality
535:Categories
432:Fiandaca,
294:2018-02-28
206:La Signora
104:Allegiance
60:Occupation
92:Relatives
355:Archived
218:Downfall
142:Calabria
84:Children
63:Criminal
438:, p. 27
211:pentito
153:Cardeto
151:, from
120:Penalty
55:Italian
525:Review
521:Review
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253:omertĂ
225:Verona
76:Spouse
270:Notes
174:Milan
513:ISBN
493:ISBN
478:ISBN
459:ISBN
40:Died
29:1931
26:Born
140:in
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