264:, who had joined the FDA just a month before the application's arrival, repeatedly denied the company's requests for permission to market the drug, citing an insufficient number of controlled studies to establish risks. When studies revealed that 10,000 children worldwide had been born with severe birth defects from the drug, Merrell withdrew its application and recalled the remaining unconsumed tablets from doctors offices around the country. Ultimately, 17 children in the United States were born with defects. For correctly denying the application despite the pressure from Richardson-Merrell, Kelsey eventually received the President's Award for Distinguished Federal Civilian Service at a 1962 ceremony with President
160:
929:
last to have been operated by Marion
Laboratories, the pharmaceutical empire established by Ewing Kauffman. Aventis, later Sanofi-Aventis, has owned it since 2000. "There were a number of criteria involved in deciding to close, but ultimately, it was a lack of growth in demand for the products made in Kansas City," said Jack Cox, a spokesman for the French firm.
739:
749:
879:
These are the names and the order of the ownership since Ewing
Kauffman's business interests were dispersed following his death: Marion Laboratories became Marion Merrill Dow, which was sold to Hoechst Marion Roussel and finally, the present arrangement. Cerner Corporation, with world headquarters in
928:
Sanofi-Aventis is closing its Kansas City manufacturing plant after failing to find a satisfactory buyer for the operation, which employs 370 people. The decision to shutter the 33-year-old plant, which manufactures solid-dose oral medications including
Allegra, marks the end of an era. It was the
256:
on
September 8, 1960. During the application process, Richardson-Merrell asked the FDA for quick approval of the drug, and distributed 2.5 million tablets of thalidomide to 1,200 American doctors with the understanding that the drug was under investigation, a preemptive marketing strategy that was
351:
At the time Marion
Laboratories was outperforming all other drug company stocks by 2½ times. Marion had the highest sales and the highest profit per employee of any company traded on the New York Stock Exchange. Dow's initial offer was $ 38 a share in cash, or $ 2.2 billion, for the 39 percent of
247:
for elderly patients. Although neither tested nor approved for use during pregnancy, its effectiveness and absence of significant side-effects led many physicians to prescribe it to pregnant women. Richardson-Merrell submitted their
352:
Marion's 150 million shares with an option to raise the stake to 67 percent by 1992. The offer made 300 of Marion's employees millionaires. The deal created the fifth largest drug company in the United States in terms of sales.
880:
North Kansas City, Mo., is purchasing this campus to keep up with its rapid growth to serve an international list of clientele. Aventis will abandon the campus by the end of 2006, following its worldwide reorganization.
381:
shells which he made in his home and starting with $ 5,000 in capital. Kauffman later said he used his middle name for the company to avoid the impression that it was a one-person operation.
344:
In 1989 Dow
Chemical acquired 67 percent interest of Marion Laboratories, which was renamed Marion Merrell Dow. Among the products Merrell Dow brought that would be shortly marketed were
348:, Lorelco, Nicorette and Cepacol. The merger was considered a good fit because of Marion Laboratories strong sales force and Merrell Dow's strong research and development capabilities.
425:. In 1989, Marion Laboratories had a gross revenue of $ 930 million; it was acquired by Dow Chemical and took the name Marion Merrell Dow. By 1994 it had nearly 10,000 employees.
437:
of
Germany announced plans to buy Dow's increased 71 percent share for $ 25.75 a share or $ 7.1 Billion. Hoechst also bought the other outstanding shares. The deal created the
209:
in 1956 (to stimulate ovulation); after its biological activity was confirmed a patent was filed and issued in
November 1959. Scientists at Merrell had previously synthesized
176:
The company traces its roots back to 1828 when
William S. Merrell opened the Western Market Drug Store at Sixth Street and Western Row (now Central Avenue) in downtown
866:
1435:
1430:
279:
acquired controlling interest of the
Merrell pharmaceutical division of Richardson-Merrell company in 1980 and it became Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals.
1420:
1149:
1405:
1425:
775:
1230:
1185:
180:. Merrell expanded into the wholesale drug business. Following his death in 1880 his sons formed the William S. Merrell Chemical Company.
1410:
1190:
306:
1445:
1210:
517:
1180:
848:
834:
634:
1440:
535:
505:
318:
907:
835:
Corporate Governance and Regulatory Impact on Mergers and Acquisitions: Research and Analysis on Activity Worldwide Since 1990
830:
677:
395:
Rather than researching products, the company adopted a policy of buying existing products and reformulating them for market.
785:
239:
into the US market in the 1950s and 1960s under the brand name "Kevadon". The drug was already highly popular in Europe as a
812:
202:
104:
The company specialized in bringing to market drugs that had been discovered but unmarketed by other companies including
483:
buying the offices in 2006. In August 2009 the company announced its plans to close the remaining facility altogether.
524:
377:
started the company in 1950 in the basement of his Kansas City home by selling calcium supplements made from crushed
253:
958:
438:
639:
610:
712:
1400:
892:
1289:
299:
693:
257:
permissible at the time under existing regulations. Nearly 20,000 patients received the drug. Reviewing
506:
Marion Merrell Dow, Inc., International Directory of Company Histories, Vol. 9. St. James Press, 1994
800:
332:
143:
The company operating out of its headquarters at 9300 Ward Parkway was a springboard for its founder
417:
treatment), ARD and Bac-T-Screen (helped identify bacteria), Culturette (used to identify Group A
605:
356:
479:
Sanofi has sold off the original Marion Labs Kansas City plant at 10236 Marion Park Drive with
453:
694:"Dow Chemical to Get Control of Marion Labs: $ 5-Billion-Plus Deal Is an Effort to Diversify"
374:
261:
144:
98:
78:
951:
744:
249:
129:
981:
355:
Although controlled by Dow the new company continued to trade on Marion Laboratories' old
235:
One of Richardson-Merrell's best-known incidents revolved around its efforts to introduce
8:
1032:
656:
287:
230:
184:
518:
This Day in Ohio History by Rebecca Goodman and Barrett J. Brunsman - Emmis Books - 2004
480:
446:
148:
886:
801:
Hoechst agrees to acquire Marion Merrell Dow - Corporate Growth Weekly - May 15, 1995
781:
720:
648:
574:
520:
214:
195:
1027:
915:
564:
328:
210:
177:
996:
1415:
944:
831:
Corporate Governance Convergence Through Cross-Border Mergers The Case of Aventis
298:
In the U.S., Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals was a named party in at least two major
265:
442:
389:
370:
258:
28:
592:
1394:
1006:
724:
569:
552:
472:
in 1999, and subsequently a part of the multinational pharmaceutical company
385:
359:
335:
to the admission of scientific evidence at trials conducted in federal courts
94:
591:
Allen, R.E., Palopoli, F.P., Schumann, E.L. and Van Campen, M.G. Jr. (1959)
1284:
1170:
813:"Hoechst AG to Buy Marion Merrell Dow / Acquisition worth over $ 7 billion"
652:
553:"Development, pharmacology and clinical experience with clomiphene citrate"
418:
276:
113:
578:
1348:
1235:
236:
226:
635:"Frances Oldham Kelsey: FDA Medical Reviewer Leaves Her Mark on History"
1343:
1333:
991:
434:
422:
414:
244:
57:
1294:
1060:
402:
206:
187:
to become Richardson-Merrell. Richardson's most notable product was
133:
837:. Eds Greg N. Gregoriou, Luc Renneboog. Academic Press, 26 July 2007
1363:
1353:
1338:
1240:
1195:
1107:
1102:
1001:
406:
240:
117:
109:
105:
1305:
1269:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1165:
1086:
1065:
1055:
986:
469:
410:
345:
137:
125:
121:
464:
Hoechst in turn later became part of the pharmaceutical and lab
1358:
1316:
1225:
1215:
1205:
1200:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1081:
967:
473:
378:
164:
163:
Marion's office space in Kansas City was taken over in 2006 by
159:
68:
869:. Emporis GMBH. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012
398:
In 1964 it formally incorporated as Marion Laboratories, Inc.
1220:
740:"Marion Laboratories predicted to outperform all drug stocks"
465:
283:
188:
1175:
936:
456:
and kept its North American headquarters in Kansas City.
194:
In 1958, Richardson-Merrell acquired the English company
777:
Remaking the Heartland: Middle America since the 1950s
421:) and ToxiLab, a drug detection system used to detect
315:, 478 U.S. 804 (1986), involving original jurisdiction
859:
847:
Timmons, Heather; Bennhold, Katrin (27 April 2004).
731:
678:
Thalidomide - medic8.com - Retrieved August 25, 2008
384:
As the company expanded, Kauffman offered employees
908:"Sanofi-Aventis to close plant, eliminate 370 jobs"
687:
685:
606:"About the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research"
899:
183:In the 1930s, it merged with a company started by
108:which treats arrhythmias and high blood pressure,
327:509 U.S. 579 (1993), applied the rules governing
1392:
682:
1436:Pharmaceutical companies disestablished in 1996
905:
846:
849:"France Helped Broker the Aventis-Sanofi Deal"
550:
271:
952:
1431:Pharmaceutical companies established in 1950
452:Hoechst's new pharmaceutical company became
632:
293:
959:
945:
867:"Cerner Corporation-South Campus, Bldg #I"
286:In 1985, Richardson-Vicks was acquired by
568:
428:
1421:Companies based in Kansas City, Missouri
710:
439:world's second largest drug manufacturer
158:
1406:Chemical companies of the United States
773:
1426:American companies established in 1950
1393:
914:. The Kansas City Star. Archived from
711:Williams, Winston (11 February 1981).
546:
544:
501:
499:
497:
495:
373:, a former pharmaceutical salesman in
365:
1277:
940:
769:
767:
737:
339:
282:The former Richardson-Merrell became
171:
823:
1411:Defunct companies based in Missouri
829:Arturo Bris and Christos Cabolis,
691:
541:
536:Michigan Business Reports, Issue 57
492:
203:William S. Merrell Chemical Company
13:
1446:1996 disestablishments in Missouri
906:Collison, Kevin (28 August 2009).
764:
598:
508:(reprinted on fundinguniverse.com)
205:led by Frank Palopoli synthesized
14:
1457:
551:Dickey, RP; Holtkamp, DE (1996).
254:U.S. Food and Drug Administration
633:Bren, Linda (March–April 2001).
308:Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc.
97:pharmaceutical company based in
60:to create Hoechst Marion Roussel
1441:1950 establishments in Missouri
840:
805:
794:
738:Davis, Dick (August 22, 1986).
704:
640:US Food and Drug Administration
611:US Food and Drug Administration
780:. Princeton University Press.
774:Wuthnow, Robert (2010-12-28).
671:
626:
585:
529:
511:
220:
1:
692:Lee, Patrick (18 July 1989).
486:
713:"Dow Broadens Product Lines"
7:
1302:Balmex Diaper Rash Ointment
324:Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals
300:United States Supreme Court
272:Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals
10:
1462:
966:
224:
154:
38:1950 (Marion Laboratories)
1268:
1158:
1142:
1116:
1095:
1074:
1048:
1041:
1020:
974:
891:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
593:U.S. Patent No. 2,914,563
557:Human Reproduction Update
459:
401:In the 1980s it marketed
333:Federal Rules of Evidence
74:
64:
52:
44:
40:1989 (Marion Merrell Dow)
34:
24:
16:US pharmaceutical company
294:U.S. Supreme Court cases
101:, from 1950 until 1996.
819:. Reuters. May 5, 1995.
817:San Francisco Chronicle
357:New York Stock Exchange
136:(anti-smoking gum) and
1143:Central nervous system
570:10.1093/humupd/2.6.483
454:Hoechst Marion Roussel
429:Hoechst Marion Roussel
284:Richardson-Vicks, Inc.
168:
413:spasms), Nitro-Bid (
375:Kansas City, Missouri
262:Frances Oldham Kelsey
196:Milton Antiseptic Ltd
162:
145:Ewing Marion Kauffman
99:Kansas City, Missouri
79:Kansas City, Missouri
1401:Dow Chemical Company
918:on September 1, 2009
745:St. Petersburg Times
441:at the time (behind
288:Procter & Gamble
250:new drug application
89:and its predecessor
1033:Olivier Brandicourt
752:on January 31, 2013
447:Merck & Company
366:Marion Laboratories
331:established by the
231:Thalidomide scandal
185:Lunsford Richardson
91:Marion Laboratories
21:
1012:Marion Merrell Dow
853:The New York Times
717:The New York Times
659:on 13 January 2008
481:Cerner Corporation
340:Marion Merrell Dow
172:Richardson-Merrell
169:
149:Kansas City Royals
87:Marion Merrell Dow
20:Marion Merrell Dow
19:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1264:
1263:
1159:Internal medicine
982:Sanofi-Synthélabo
787:978-1-4008-3624-6
698:Los Angeles Times
215:ethamoxytriphetol
84:
83:
1453:
1275:
1274:
1046:
1045:
1028:Chris Viehbacher
961:
954:
947:
938:
937:
932:
931:
925:
923:
903:
897:
896:
890:
882:
876:
874:
863:
857:
856:
844:
838:
827:
821:
820:
809:
803:
798:
792:
791:
771:
762:
761:
759:
757:
748:. Archived from
735:
729:
728:
708:
702:
701:
689:
680:
675:
669:
668:
666:
664:
655:. Archived from
630:
624:
623:
621:
619:
602:
596:
595:, Nov. 24, 1959.
589:
583:
582:
572:
548:
539:
533:
527:
515:
509:
503:
468:testing company
405:(a burn cream),
329:expert testimony
211:chlorotrianisene
178:Cincinnati, Ohio
22:
18:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1380:
1260:
1154:
1150:Depakine Chrono
1138:
1112:
1091:
1070:
1037:
1016:
970:
965:
935:
921:
919:
904:
900:
884:
883:
872:
870:
865:
864:
860:
845:
841:
833:, Chapter 4 in
828:
824:
811:
810:
806:
799:
795:
788:
772:
765:
755:
753:
736:
732:
709:
705:
690:
683:
676:
672:
662:
660:
631:
627:
617:
615:
604:
603:
599:
590:
586:
549:
542:
534:
530:
516:
512:
504:
493:
489:
462:
431:
409:(treatment for
368:
342:
296:
274:
266:John F. Kennedy
233:
225:Main articles:
223:
174:
157:
151:baseball team.
39:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1459:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1281:
1279:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1052:
1050:
1049:Cardiovascular
1043:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
978:
976:
972:
971:
964:
963:
956:
949:
941:
934:
933:
912:KansasCity.com
898:
858:
839:
822:
804:
793:
786:
763:
730:
703:
681:
670:
625:
597:
584:
563:(6): 483–506.
540:
528:
510:
490:
488:
485:
461:
458:
443:Glaxo Wellcome
430:
427:
390:profit sharing
371:Ewing Kauffman
367:
364:
341:
338:
337:
336:
316:
295:
292:
273:
270:
259:pharmacologist
222:
219:
173:
170:
156:
153:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
54:
50:
49:
46:
42:
41:
36:
32:
31:
29:Pharmaceutical
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1458:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1299:ACT Mouthwash
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1042:Main products
1040:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1007:Roussel Uclaf
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
997:RhĂ´ne-Poulenc
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
979:
977:
973:
969:
962:
957:
955:
950:
948:
943:
942:
939:
930:
917:
913:
909:
902:
894:
888:
881:
868:
862:
854:
850:
843:
836:
832:
826:
818:
814:
808:
802:
797:
789:
783:
779:
778:
770:
768:
751:
747:
746:
741:
734:
726:
722:
718:
714:
707:
699:
695:
688:
686:
679:
674:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
641:
636:
629:
613:
612:
607:
601:
594:
588:
580:
576:
571:
566:
562:
558:
554:
547:
545:
537:
532:
526:
525:1-57860-191-6
522:
519:
514:
507:
502:
500:
498:
496:
491:
484:
482:
477:
475:
471:
467:
457:
455:
450:
448:
445:and ahead of
444:
440:
436:
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
399:
396:
393:
391:
387:
386:share options
382:
380:
376:
372:
363:
361:
360:ticker symbol
358:
353:
349:
347:
334:
330:
326:
325:
321:
317:
314:
313:
309:
305:
304:
303:
301:
291:
289:
285:
280:
278:
269:
267:
263:
260:
255:
252:(NDA) to the
251:
246:
242:
238:
232:
228:
218:
216:
212:
208:
204:
199:
197:
192:
190:
186:
181:
179:
166:
161:
152:
150:
147:to start the
146:
141:
139:
135:
131:
130:antihistamine
128:(a withdrawn
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
102:
100:
96:
92:
88:
80:
77:
73:
70:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
37:
33:
30:
27:
23:
1310:Cortizone-10
1270:Chattem Inc.
1011:
975:Predecessors
927:
920:. Retrieved
916:the original
911:
901:
878:
871:. Retrieved
861:
852:
842:
825:
816:
807:
796:
776:
754:. Retrieved
750:the original
743:
733:
716:
706:
697:
673:
661:. Retrieved
657:the original
644:
638:
628:
616:. Retrieved
614:. 2009-06-18
609:
600:
587:
560:
556:
531:
513:
478:
463:
451:
432:
419:streptococci
400:
397:
394:
383:
369:
354:
350:
343:
323:
319:
311:
307:
297:
281:
277:Dow Chemical
275:
234:
200:
193:
182:
175:
142:
116:treatment),
103:
90:
86:
85:
75:Headquarters
56:Acquired by
1349:Selsun Blue
1236:Proctosedyl
1231:Maalox Plus
1186:Bi-Profenid
647:(2): 24–9.
237:thalidomide
227:Thalidomide
221:Thalidomide
167:Corporation
140:mouthwash.
1395:Categories
1371:Herpecin-L
1344:Aspercreme
1334:Kaopectate
1324:Ultra Swim
1191:Bronchicum
1075:Thrombosis
487:References
435:Hoechst AG
423:drug abuse
415:chest pain
245:antiemetic
201:A team at
58:Hoechst AG
1377:New Phase
1368:Benzodent
1295:Gold Bond
1290:Allegra-D
1061:CoAprovel
922:5 October
873:5 October
725:0362-4331
403:Silvadene
207:clomifene
191:VapoRub.
134:Nicorette
65:Successor
1374:Garlique
1364:Capzasin
1354:Nasacort
1339:Dexatrim
1241:Targocid
1211:Hemoclar
1196:Claforan
1117:Diabetes
1108:Eloxatin
1103:Taxotere
1096:Oncology
1002:Cassella
887:cite web
756:June 18,
653:11444245
538:: p. 161
433:In 1995
407:Ditropan
312:Thompson
241:sedative
118:Gaviscon
110:Carafate
106:Cardizem
25:Industry
1330:Premsyn
1327:Pamprin
1313:Flexall
1306:Rolaids
1285:Allegra
1256:Trental
1251:Telfast
1246:Tavanic
1181:Avipect
1166:Actonel
1087:Clexane
1066:Tritace
1056:Aprovel
992:Hoechst
987:Aventis
663:27 July
618:27 July
579:9111183
470:Aventis
411:bladder
362:"MKC."
346:Seldane
320:Daubert
302:cases:
155:History
138:Cepacol
126:Seldane
122:antacid
45:Defunct
35:Founded
1416:Sanofi
1359:Unisom
1321:Sun-In
1317:IcyHot
1278:Brands
1226:Maalox
1216:Lanzor
1206:Flagyl
1201:Daonil
1134:Lantus
1129:Apidra
1124:Amaryl
1082:Plavix
968:Sanofi
784:
723:
651:
577:
523:
474:Sanofi
460:Sanofi
379:oyster
165:Cerner
93:was a
69:Sanofi
1221:Lasix
1171:Arava
466:assay
189:Vicks
114:ulcer
1176:Avil
1021:CEOs
924:2014
893:link
875:2014
782:ISBN
758:2009
721:ISSN
665:2009
649:PMID
620:2009
575:PMID
521:ISBN
388:and
243:and
229:and
213:and
120:(an
112:(an
95:U.S.
53:Fate
48:1996
565:doi
449:).
322:v.
310:v.
132:),
124:),
1397::
926:.
910:.
889:}}
885:{{
877:.
851:.
815:.
766:^
742:.
719:.
715:.
696:.
684:^
645:35
643:.
637:.
608:.
573:.
559:.
555:.
543:^
494:^
476:.
392:.
290:.
268:.
217:.
198:.
960:e
953:t
946:v
895:)
855:.
790:.
760:.
727:.
700:.
667:.
622:.
581:.
567::
561:2
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
