47:
832:
652:(AMEX), among others, have designated market makers, formerly known as "specialists", who act as the official market maker for a given security. The market makers provide a required amount of liquidity to the security's market, and take the other side of trades when there are short-term buy-and-sell-side imbalances in customer orders. In return, the specialist is granted various informational and
663:
stock exchange, employ several competing official market makers in a security. These market makers are required to maintain two-sided markets during exchange hours and are obligated to buy and sell at their displayed bids and offers. They typically do not receive the trading advantages a specialist
632:
operate on a "matched bargain" or "order driven" basis. When a buyer's bid price meets a seller's offer price or vice versa, the stock exchange's matching system decides that a deal has been executed. In such a system, there may be no designated or official market makers, but market makers
603:
Most foreign exchange trading firms are market makers, as are many banks. The foreign exchange market maker both buys foreign currency from clients and then sells it to other clients. They derive income from the price differentials on such trades, as well as for the service of providing
786:(FWB) runs a system of market makers appointed by the listed companies. These are called "designated sponsors". Designated Sponsors secure higher liquidity by quoting binding prices for buying and selling the shares. The largest market maker by number of mandates in Germany is
594:
on a regular and continuous basis at a publicly quoted price. A Designated
Primary Market Maker (DPM) is a specialized market maker approved by an exchange to guarantee that they will take a position in a particular assigned security, option, or option index.
668:
a stock, i.e., selling it without borrowing it. In most situations, only official market makers are permitted to engage in naked shorting. Changes to the rules in the 2000s and 2010s have explicitly banned naked shorting by options market makers.
751:
Unofficial market makers are free to operate on order driven markets or, indeed, on the LSE. They do not have the obligation to always be making a two-way price, but they do not have the advantage that everyone must deal with them either.
719:
there are official market makers for many securities. Some of the LSE's member firms take on the obligation of always making a two-way price in each of the stocks in which they make markets. Their prices are the ones displayed on the
894:
or shutting down such protocols, since the protocols have no central or headquarters jurisdiction in which they operate. The network operates on the principles, and according to the code, that is running on the network.
683:
holding true. Prediction markets benefit from automated market makers, or algorithmic traders that maintain constant open interest, providing needed liquidity to the markets that would be difficult to provide naturally.
739:
position for a time, thus assuming some risk in return for the chance of a small profit. On the LSE, one can always buy and sell stock: each stock always has at least two market makers and they are obliged to deal.
747:
it can be difficult to determine the buying and selling prices of even a small block of stocks that lack a clear and immediate market value because there are often no buyers or sellers on the order board.
1271:. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 9604. Ahmed Kosba, Andrew Miller, Prateek Saxena, Elaine Shi, Emin Gün Sirer, Dawn Song, Roger Wattenhofer. SpringerLink. pp. 106–125.
1224:
676:, nearly every asset has open interest, providing two benefits: price takers can buy or sell at any time, and observers can continually monitor a precise price of every asset.
1337:
846:
919:. Supposing that equal amounts of buy and sell orders arrive and the price never changes, this is the amount that the market maker will gain on each round trip.
874:
works rather differently. There are no companies nor other centralized entities involved at the protocol level. Companies or individuals may, however, choose to
1123:
1365:
802:
has had an ETF Market Making
Incentive Scheme in place, which provides incentives to designated market makers who maintain quoting obligations in qualified
1228:
544:
1358:
1044:
1069:
579:
The benefit to the firm is that it makes money from doing so; the benefit to the market is that this helps limit price variation (
587:
1015:
569:
or an individual that quotes both a buy and a sell price in a tradable asset held in inventory, hoping to make a profit on the
1351:
1284:
731:
Proponents of the official market making system claim market makers add to the liquidity and depth of the market by taking a
707:, according to Article 17(13) of Regulation (EU) No 236/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 March 2012.
411:
1596:
1114:
636:
As of
October 2008, there were over two thousand market makers in the United States, and over one hundred in Canada.
1318:
975:
1621:
679:
A prediction market, or market explicitly designed to uncover the value of an asset, relies heavily on continual
537:
871:
386:
1615:
513:
335:
17:
2098:
2038:
1834:
1740:
767:
756:
1824:
1792:
1696:
1650:
1633:
1586:
61:
878:
the protocol, by providing liquidity to the protocol, typically in return for the prospect of making an
2144:
1609:
1603:
760:
530:
287:
1249:
1151:
396:
1998:
1673:
783:
1952:
1813:
1708:
1591:
744:
673:
649:
645:
621:
216:
1264:
915:, the price at which the firm is willing to sell it. It is known as the market-maker spread, or
1840:
941:
361:
1308:
1978:
1787:
1263:
Croman, Kyle; Decker, Christian; Ittay, Eyal; Gencer, Adem Efe; Juels, Ari (31 August 2016).
716:
700:
625:
493:
406:
1180:
2113:
2033:
1798:
1782:
1745:
1627:
1570:
1538:
891:
879:
803:
799:
580:
340:
243:
1048:
8:
2043:
1988:
1912:
1772:
1702:
1531:
1504:
1073:
692:
665:
518:
2083:
2058:
2018:
2003:
1922:
1892:
1861:
1819:
1563:
1473:
1463:
1310:
High-Frequency
Trading: A Practical Guide to Algorithmic Strategies and Trading Systems
916:
571:
508:
466:
451:
421:
345:
273:
190:
68:
56:
1338:
Understanding
Derivatives: Markets and Infrastructure - Chapter 1 Derivatives Overview
850:
1947:
1932:
1684:
1314:
1280:
1023:
971:
946:
935:
807:
441:
436:
426:
371:
197:
165:
2048:
1968:
1764:
1645:
1521:
1440:
1396:
1374:
1272:
605:
488:
483:
456:
326:
302:
297:
258:
238:
202:
150:
38:
2123:
2118:
2053:
2028:
1963:
1937:
1917:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1851:
1846:
1734:
1668:
1660:
1548:
1435:
732:
704:
680:
446:
431:
391:
207:
145:
106:
101:
1276:
46:
2078:
2073:
1973:
1958:
1719:
1714:
1679:
1478:
1445:
1391:
1383:
736:
653:
629:
461:
366:
316:
278:
170:
117:
111:
91:
86:
2138:
1942:
1927:
1902:
1856:
1808:
1511:
1468:
1455:
1406:
401:
376:
228:
175:
2103:
2023:
1993:
1983:
1803:
1777:
1526:
1499:
1430:
1425:
1401:
994:
887:
811:
696:
503:
478:
248:
140:
135:
126:
96:
1094:
2108:
2088:
2068:
2063:
2008:
1897:
1829:
771:
725:
583:) by setting a limited trading price range for the assets being traded.
498:
311:
268:
263:
253:
160:
77:
2093:
2013:
1690:
1553:
1729:
1724:
1639:
1558:
923:
912:
904:
590:
defines a "market maker" as a firm that stands ready to buy and sell
1343:
763:, Liberum Capital, Shore Capital, Fairfax IS and Altium Securities.
1907:
1543:
1150:
Othman, Abraham; Sandholm, Tuomas; Pennock, David; Reeves, Daniel.
787:
223:
1751:
815:
688:
566:
473:
416:
1494:
660:
1417:
908:
883:
617:
591:
155:
882:
on the assets committed to the liquidity pools. Traditional
970:. Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers, Inc. p. 134.
903:
The income of a market maker is the difference between the
721:
381:
1265:"On Scaling Decentralized Blockchains: (A Position Paper)"
743:
In contrast, on smaller, order-driven markets such as the
926:
to the firm's clients, for which they earn a commission.
1340:
Federal
Reserve Bank of Chicago, Financial Markets Group
1206:
1152:"A Practical Liquidity-Sensitive Automated Market Maker"
1262:
1149:
1181:"List of market makers and authorised primary dealers"
608:, reducing transaction costs, and facilitating trade.
890:
in defined geographic boundaries may have difficulty
724:(SEAQ) system and it is they who generally deal with
1016:"Designated Primary Market Maker (DPM) Program Info"
664:does, but they do get some, such as the ability to
1113:
907:, the price at which the firm is willing to buy a
821:
774:had exclusive rights of market making on the LSE.
2136:
616:Market makers that stand ready to buy and sell
728:buying or selling stock on behalf of clients.
628:(LSE), are called "third market makers". Most
1359:
1145:
1143:
1141:
538:
1225:"Deutsche Börse Xetra - Designated Sponsors"
1207:"Winterflood Home - Winterflood Securities"
1187:. European Securities and Markets Authority
1115:"EU ban on 'naked' CDS to become permanent"
659:Other U.S. exchanges, most prominently the
1366:
1352:
1256:
1138:
898:
545:
531:
1095:"'Naked' short-selling ban now permanent"
965:
1306:
1269:Financial Cryptography and Data Security
1250:"JPX ETF Market Making Incentive Scheme"
968:Investment: Concepts, Analysis, Strategy
845:Relevant discussion may be found on the
687:Examples of New York market makers are
598:
588:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
14:
2137:
1111:
806:. This list of market makers includes
1373:
1347:
989:
987:
825:
788:ODDO BHF Corporates & Markets AG
611:
922:Market makers usually also provide
755:Examples of UK Market makers since
620:listed on an exchange, such as the
24:
1101:. Associated Press. July 27, 2009.
984:
722:Stock Exchange Automated Quotation
25:
2156:
1331:
1112:Barker, Alex (October 19, 2011).
1070:"List of market makers in Canada"
1622:Electronic communication network
830:
45:
1300:
1242:
1217:
1199:
1126:from the original on 2022-12-10
822:Decentralized network protocols
288:Over-the-counter (off-exchange)
1307:Aldridge, Irene (April 2013).
1173:
1105:
1087:
1062:
1037:
1008:
959:
938:, analogous to a two-way price
872:decentralized network protocol
841:may be very hard to understand
13:
1:
1616:Multilateral trading facility
966:Radcliffe, Robert C. (1997).
952:
514:Sustainable development goals
2039:Returns-based style analysis
1835:Post-modern portfolio theory
1741:Security characteristic line
1045:"List of U.S. market makers"
777:
7:
1793:Efficient-market hypothesis
1697:Capital asset pricing model
1634:Straight-through processing
1277:10.1007/978-3-662-53357-4_8
929:
672:In liquid markets like the
639:
27:Stock market trading entity
10:
2161:
1610:Alternative Trading System
644:In the United States, the
1885:
1760:
1659:
1579:
1487:
1454:
1415:
1381:
1313:. John Wiley & Sons.
870:Liquidity provision in a
710:
397:Diversification (finance)
1674:Arbitrage pricing theory
793:
784:Frankfurt Stock Exchange
1953:Initial public offering
1814:Modern portfolio theory
1709:Dividend discount model
1592:List of stock exchanges
899:Income of market makers
745:JSE Securities Exchange
674:New York Stock Exchange
650:American Stock Exchange
646:New York Stock Exchange
622:New York Stock Exchange
1841:Random walk hypothesis
942:List of finance topics
761:Winterflood Securities
362:Alternative investment
1979:Market capitalization
1788:Dollar cost averaging
717:London Stock Exchange
626:London Stock Exchange
586:In U.S. markets, the
494:Investment management
407:Environmental finance
1799:Fundamental analysis
1783:Contrarian investing
1746:Security market line
1651:Liquidity aggregator
1628:Direct market access
1539:Quantitative analyst
1161:. Harvard University
800:Tokyo Stock Exchange
633:nevertheless exist.
599:In currency exchange
2044:Reverse stock split
1989:Market manipulation
1913:Dual-listed company
1773:Algorithmic trading
1703:Capital market line
1505:Inter-dealer broker
759:are Peel Hunt LLP,
693:Jane Street Capital
519:Sustainable finance
33:Part of a series on
2084:Stock market index
1923:Efficient frontier
1862:Technical analysis
1820:Momentum investing
1642:(private exchange)
1532:Proprietary trader
1474:Shares outstanding
1464:Authorised capital
563:liquidity provider
509:Speculative attack
274:Structured product
2145:Financial markets
2132:
2131:
1933:Flight-to-quality
1685:Buffett indicator
1375:Financial markets
1286:978-3-662-53356-7
947:Sales and trading
936:Divide and choose
868:
867:
808:Nomura Securities
612:In stock exchange
555:
554:
382:Banks and banking
372:Asset (economics)
198:Credit derivative
166:Stock certificate
39:Financial markets
16:(Redirected from
2152:
2049:Share repurchase
1761:Trading theories
1646:Crossing network
1604:Over-the-counter
1441:Restricted stock
1397:Secondary market
1368:
1361:
1354:
1345:
1344:
1325:
1324:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1227:. Archived from
1221:
1215:
1214:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1156:
1147:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1117:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1072:. Archived from
1066:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1047:. Archived from
1041:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1022:. Archived from
1012:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1001:
991:
982:
981:
963:
863:
860:
854:
834:
833:
826:
798:Since 2018, the
547:
540:
533:
489:Impact investing
484:Growth investing
217:Foreign exchange
203:Futures exchange
151:Registered share
49:
30:
29:
21:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2149:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2119:Voting interest
2029:Public offering
1964:Mandatory offer
1938:Government bond
1918:DuPont analysis
1881:
1877:Value investing
1872:Value averaging
1867:Trend following
1852:Style investing
1847:Sector rotation
1762:
1756:
1735:Net asset value
1661:Stock valuation
1655:
1575:
1483:
1450:
1436:Preferred stock
1411:
1377:
1372:
1334:
1329:
1328:
1321:
1305:
1301:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1261:
1257:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1234:
1232:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1190:
1188:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1164:
1162:
1154:
1148:
1139:
1129:
1127:
1120:Financial Times
1110:
1106:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1079:
1077:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1054:
1052:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1029:
1027:
1014:
1013:
1009:
999:
997:
995:"Market Makers"
993:
992:
985:
978:
964:
960:
955:
932:
901:
864:
858:
855:
844:
835:
831:
824:
796:
780:
713:
705:Virtu Financial
681:price discovery
654:trade execution
642:
630:stock exchanges
614:
601:
551:
392:Climate finance
321:
307:
235:
234:
214:
213:
208:Hybrid security
146:Preferred stock
116:
107:High-yield debt
102:Government bond
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2158:
2148:
2147:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2079:Stock exchange
2076:
2074:Stock dilution
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1999:Mean reversion
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1974:Market anomaly
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1893:Bid–ask spread
1889:
1887:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1769:
1767:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1743:
1738:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1720:Earnings yield
1717:
1715:Dividend yield
1712:
1706:
1700:
1694:
1688:
1682:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1613:
1607:
1606:(off-exchange)
1601:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1583:
1581:
1580:Trading venues
1577:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1479:Treasury stock
1476:
1471:
1466:
1460:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1446:Tracking stock
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1422:
1420:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1392:Primary market
1388:
1386:
1379:
1378:
1371:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1333:
1332:External links
1330:
1327:
1326:
1319:
1299:
1285:
1255:
1241:
1216:
1198:
1185:esma.europa.eu
1172:
1137:
1104:
1086:
1061:
1036:
1007:
983:
976:
957:
956:
954:
951:
950:
949:
944:
939:
931:
928:
917:bid–ask spread
900:
897:
866:
865:
849:. Please help
838:
836:
829:
823:
820:
795:
792:
779:
776:
712:
709:
641:
638:
624:(NYSE) or the
613:
610:
600:
597:
572:bid–ask spread
553:
552:
550:
549:
542:
535:
527:
524:
523:
522:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
470:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
367:Angel investor
364:
356:
355:
351:
350:
349:
348:
343:
338:
330:
329:
323:
322:
320:
319:
314:
308:
306:
305:
300:
294:
291:
290:
284:
283:
282:
281:
279:Swap (finance)
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
233:
232:
226:
219:
215:
212:
211:
205:
200:
193:
189:
186:
185:
181:
180:
179:
178:
173:
171:Stock exchange
168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
130:
129:
123:
122:
121:
120:
118:Securitization
114:
112:Municipal bond
109:
104:
99:
94:
92:Corporate bond
89:
87:Bond valuation
81:
80:
74:
73:
72:
71:
59:
51:
50:
42:
41:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2157:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2054:Short selling
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1943:Greenspan put
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1928:Financial law
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1903:Cross listing
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1886:Related terms
1884:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1857:Swing trading
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1825:Mosaic theory
1823:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1809:Market timing
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1597:Trading hours
1595:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1572:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1512:Broker-dealer
1510:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1469:Issued shares
1467:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1456:Share capital
1453:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1414:
1408:
1407:Fourth market
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1369:
1364:
1362:
1357:
1355:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1322:
1320:9781118416822
1316:
1312:
1311:
1303:
1288:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1259:
1251:
1245:
1231:on 2013-06-09
1230:
1226:
1220:
1212:
1208:
1202:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1160:
1153:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1108:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1076:on 2007-01-09
1075:
1071:
1065:
1051:on 2009-01-22
1050:
1046:
1040:
1026:on 2016-10-22
1025:
1021:
1017:
1011:
996:
990:
988:
979:
977:0-673-99988-2
973:
969:
962:
958:
948:
945:
943:
940:
937:
934:
933:
927:
925:
920:
918:
914:
910:
906:
896:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
862:
852:
848:
842:
839:This section
837:
828:
827:
819:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
791:
789:
785:
775:
773:
769:
766:Prior to the
764:
762:
758:
753:
749:
746:
741:
738:
734:
729:
727:
723:
718:
708:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
685:
682:
677:
675:
670:
667:
662:
657:
655:
651:
647:
637:
634:
631:
627:
623:
619:
609:
607:
596:
593:
589:
584:
582:
578:
574:
573:
568:
564:
560:
548:
543:
541:
536:
534:
529:
528:
526:
525:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
419:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
402:Eco-investing
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
377:Asset pricing
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
359:
358:
357:
354:Related areas
353:
352:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
333:
332:
331:
328:
325:
324:
318:
315:
313:
310:
309:
304:
301:
299:
296:
295:
293:
292:
289:
286:
285:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
236:
230:
229:Exchange rate
227:
225:
221:
220:
218:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
195:
194:
192:
188:
187:
184:Other markets
183:
182:
177:
176:Watered stock
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
133:
132:
131:
128:
125:
124:
119:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
84:
83:
82:
79:
76:
75:
70:
67:
63:
60:
58:
57:Public market
55:
54:
53:
52:
48:
44:
43:
40:
37:
36:
32:
31:
19:
18:Market making
2104:Tender offer
2024:Public float
1994:Market trend
1984:Market depth
1804:Growth stock
1778:Buy and hold
1687:(Cap-to-GDP)
1527:Floor trader
1517:Market maker
1516:
1500:Floor broker
1488:Participants
1431:Golden share
1426:Common stock
1402:Third market
1309:
1302:
1290:. Retrieved
1268:
1258:
1244:
1233:. Retrieved
1229:the original
1219:
1210:
1201:
1191:28 September
1189:. Retrieved
1184:
1175:
1163:. Retrieved
1158:
1130:27 September
1128:. Retrieved
1119:
1107:
1098:
1089:
1078:. Retrieved
1074:the original
1064:
1053:. Retrieved
1049:the original
1039:
1028:. Retrieved
1024:the original
1019:
1010:
998:. Retrieved
967:
961:
921:
902:
888:jurisdiction
875:
869:
856:
840:
812:Flow Traders
797:
781:
765:
757:Big Bang Day
754:
750:
742:
730:
714:
697:Flow Traders
686:
678:
671:
658:
656:advantages.
643:
635:
615:
602:
585:
576:
570:
562:
559:market maker
558:
556:
504:Market trend
479:Greenwashing
336:Participants
141:Growth stock
136:Common stock
127:Stock market
97:Fixed income
65:
2109:Uptick rule
2089:Stock split
2069:Squeeze-out
2064:Speculation
2009:Open outcry
1898:Block trade
1830:Pairs trade
1159:harvard.edu
666:naked short
499:Market risk
312:Spot market
269:Reinsurance
264:Real estate
254:Mutual fund
191:Derivatives
161:Stockbroker
78:Bond market
2114:Volatility
2094:Stock swap
2014:Order book
1765:strategies
1691:Book value
1559:Arbitrager
1554:Speculator
1235:2013-08-07
1211:Wins.co.uk
1080:2008-10-31
1055:2008-10-31
1030:2014-06-25
953:References
911:, and the
892:regulating
859:March 2022
851:clarify it
581:volatility
341:Regulation
69:Securities
1730:Fed model
1725:EV/EBITDA
1640:Dark pool
1571:Regulator
1416:Types of
1382:Types of
924:liquidity
913:ask price
905:bid price
847:talk page
778:Frankfurt
606:liquidity
442:corporate
417:Financial
239:Commodity
2139:Category
2059:Slippage
2019:Position
2004:Momentum
1908:Dividend
1587:Exchange
1544:Investor
1124:Archived
1020:CBoe.org
1000:17 April
930:See also
768:Big Bang
640:New York
467:services
457:personal
452:forecast
422:analysis
346:Clearing
298:Forwards
224:Currency
62:Exchange
1948:Haircut
1752:T-model
1564:Scalper
1384:markets
1292:9 March
1165:14 July
1099:NBCNews
816:Optiver
772:jobbers
726:brokers
715:On the
689:Optiver
567:company
474:Fintech
437:betting
427:analyst
327:Trading
303:Options
1969:Margin
1837:(PMPT)
1699:(CAPM)
1549:Hedger
1522:Trader
1495:Broker
1418:stocks
1317:
1283:
974:
884:courts
814:, and
711:London
703:, and
661:NASDAQ
618:stocks
462:public
259:Option
64:
2124:Yield
2099:Trade
2034:Rally
1955:(IPO)
1843:(RMH)
1816:(MPT)
1795:(EMH)
1748:(SML)
1737:(NAV)
1711:(DDM)
1705:(CML)
1676:(APT)
1669:Alpha
1636:(STP)
1630:(DMA)
1624:(ECN)
1618:(MTF)
1612:(ATS)
1155:(PDF)
909:stock
886:with
794:Tokyo
733:short
592:stock
577:turn.
575:, or
565:is a
447:crime
432:asset
317:Swaps
249:Money
156:Stock
1959:Long
1763:and
1693:(BV)
1680:Beta
1315:ISBN
1294:2021
1281:ISBN
1193:2022
1167:2014
1132:2012
1002:2015
972:ISBN
804:ETFs
782:The
737:long
648:and
387:Bull
1273:doi
880:ROI
876:use
735:or
701:IMC
561:or
412:ESG
244:ETF
2141::
1279:.
1267:.
1209:.
1183:.
1157:.
1140:^
1122:.
1118:.
1097:.
1018:.
986:^
818:.
810:,
790:.
770:,
699:,
695:,
691:,
557:A
1367:e
1360:t
1353:v
1323:.
1296:.
1275::
1252:.
1238:.
1213:.
1195:.
1169:.
1134:.
1083:.
1058:.
1033:.
1004:.
980:.
861:)
857:(
853:.
843:.
546:e
539:t
532:v
231:)
222:(
210:)
196:(
66:·
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
