Marsh rice rat - Knowledge

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external ears (pinnae) soon unfold and on the first day, claws are visible and the young emit high-pitched squeaks. On the second day, they are able to crawl, and during the third to fifth days, the whiskers and eyelids develop. On the two subsequent days, the mammae and incisors become visible and the animals become more active. Between the eighth and 11th days, the eyes open, the fur develops, and the young begin to take solid food. Weaning occurs on the 11th to 20th day, according to different studies. Considerable variation is reported in body masses at different ages, perhaps because of geographic variation. Sexual activity commences when the animals are about 50 to 60 days old. In the wild, rice rats usually live for less than a year; one study suggested that the average lifespan is only seven months.

2155:). Marsh rice rats sometimes make large runways or dig burrows. They are accomplished and willing swimmers, easily swimming more than 10 m (33 ft) under water, and often seek safety in the water when alarmed. Rice rats in the Florida Keys occasionally climb in vegetation, but never higher than 90 cm (3.0 ft). Marsh rice rats are very clean and extensively groom themselves, perhaps to keep their fur water-repellent. They are aggressive towards conspecifics and emit high-pitched squeaks while fighting. In dense vegetation, their perceptual range (the distance from which an animal can detect a patch of suitable habitat) is less than 10 m (33 ft). When released outside of their natural wetland habitat, marsh rice rats generally move either upwind or downwind ( 215: 1447: 2094:, spending much time in the water, and usually occurs in wetland habitats. It prefers areas where the ground is covered with grasses and sedges, which protect it from predators. In southern Illinois, marsh rice rats are more likely to occur in wetlands with more herbaceous cover, visual obstruction, and nearby grasslands. The species also occurs in drier uplands, which serve as sinks for young, dispersing animals and as refuges during high tide. Rice rats are adept overwater dispersers; studies on islands off 2368: 2111: 83: 1837:) is at the outer front (anterolabial) edge of the molar, before the protoconid. The lower third molar is about as long as the second and also has an anterolophid, albeit a less well-defined one. The first lower molar has large roots at the front and back of the tooth and usually one or two smaller ones in between, at the labial and lingual side. The second and third lowers molars have either two roots, one labial and one lingual, or only one at the front, and another large root at the back. 1923: 770: 58: 1806:, is present behind the labial cuspule, but in older animals, the cusps and the crest are united into a single structure by wear. In the third upper molar, the cusps at the back are reduced and scarcely distinguishable. As in most oryzomyines, the upper molars all have one root on the inner (lingual) side and two on the outer (labial) side; in addition, the first upper molar usually has another small labial root. 39: 984:; the mean genetic distance between the two groups was 11.30%. The marsh rice rats fell into two main groups, differing on average by 6.05%, one containing animals from Mississippi, southwestern Tennessee, and further west, and the other including specimens from Alabama and further east. Within the eastern group, variation was only about 0.65%, though examples of the putative subspecies 2671:. The Florida Keys form is rare and in decline and is threatened by competition with the black rat, predation by domestic cats, habitat loss, and loss of genetic variation; it is considered endangered. At the northern edge of its distribution, the marsh rice rat is listed as threatened in Illinois, and whether it persists in Pennsylvania is unclear; it probably formerly occurred in 1297: 1810: 1477: 1362:

Total length is 226 to 305 mm (8.9 to 12.0 in), tail length 108 to 156 mm (4.3 to 6.1 in), hind foot length 28 to 37 mm (1.1 to 1.5 in), and body mass 40 to 80 g (1.4 to 2.8 oz), with males slightly larger than females. The largest individuals occur in Florida

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Marsh rice rats are active during the night, so are rarely seen, although they may be among the most common small mammals in part of their range. They build nests of sedge and grass, about 13 cm (5 in) large, which are placed under debris, near shrubs, in short burrows, or high in aquatic

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The marsh rice rat is active during the night, makes nests of sedge and grass, and occasionally builds runways. Its diverse diet includes plants, fungi, and a variety of animals. Population densities are usually below 10 per ha (four per acre) and home ranges vary from 0.23 to 0.37 ha (0.57 to

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Population size is usually largest during the summer and declines during winter, although populations in Texas and Louisiana may be more seasonally stable. Animals also often lose weight during winter. Population size varies dramatically from year to year in southern Texas. In coastal Mississippi,

1497:(penis bone) is 6.6 mm (0.26 in) long. As is characteristic of the Sigmodontinae, the marsh rice rat has a complex penis, with the distal (far) end of the baculum ending in three digits. The central digit is notably larger than those at the sides. The outer surface of the penis is mostly 2586:

After a gestation of about 25 days, three to five young are usually born, although litter sizes vary from one to seven. Females may have up to six litters a year. Newborns weigh 3 to 4 g (about 0.10 to 0.15 oz) and are blind and almost naked. About as many males as females are born. The

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behavior in the marsh rice rat is similar to that in laboratory brown rats. Before mating starts, "the male pursues the running female from behind." The male then repeatedly mounts and dismounts the female; not all mounts result in an ejaculation. Penetrations only last for about 250 ms, but

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Breeding occurs mostly during the summer. Some studies report that breeding ceases entirely during the winter, but winter breeding occurs as far north as Virginia, primarily because photoperiod influences their circadian rhythm which determines breeding. In both Texas and Virginia, variation in

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infections in the United States. About 16% of animals are infected and the virus is most prevalent in old, heavy males. The virus may be transmitted among rice rats through bites inflicted during fights. It is also present in rice rat saliva and urine, and human infections may occur because of

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The marsh rice rat is generally of little importance to humans, which is perhaps why it is not as well studied as some other North American rodents. In 1931, Arthur Svihla noted that virtually no information had been published on the habits and life history of the marsh rice rat since the 1854

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have been proposed for the marsh rice rat. Early describers used "rice meadow-mouse" and "rice-field mouse" and in the early 1900s, name such as "rice rat", "marsh mouse", and "swamp rice rat" came into use. Some of the subspecies received their own common names, such as "Florida marsh mouse",

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0.91 acres), depending on sex and geography. Litters of generally three to five young are born after a pregnancy around 25 days, mainly during the summer. Newborns are helpless at birth, but are weaned after a few weeks. Several animals prey on the marsh rice rat, including the

766:, on the basis of small differences in characters of the tooth with living marsh rice rats. In 1965, Walter Dalquest demoted this species, later also found in Texas, to a subspecies, because it does not differ more from living marsh rice rats than the latter differ from each other. 1262:, but has greater differences in color between the upper- and underparts. The fur is thick and short. The upperparts are generally gray to grayish brown, with the head a bit lighter, and are sharply delimited from the underparts, which are off-white, as are the feet. It has small 2332:, Louisiana, perhaps an atypical habitat, home ranges in males average about 0.37 hectares (0.91 acres) and in females about 0.23 hectares (0.57 acres). A study in Florida found male home ranges to average 0.25 hectares (0.62 acres) and female 0.33 hectares (0.82 acres). 1730: 1901:

is 7.20 mg/kg; both values are relatively low for cricetid rodents. In one study, wild rice rats in radioactively contaminated areas did not show signs of disease. Exposure to more daylight and higher food availability cause increased development of the

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publication of Audubon and Bachman's description. Writing on Everglades mammals, Thomas E. Lodge notes that although the name "rat" may associate it unpleasantly with the introduced black and brown rats, its appearance is more endearing, even cute.

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storms probably do not cause the population to decline substantially, and in Texas, inundation of its habitat did not significantly influence population density. However, in Mississippi, flooding did cause a marked decline in rice rat abundance.

2679:. In Illinois, its population may have regenerated because wetlands have been developed to protect waterfowl and shorebirds and because suitable wetlands often develop in abandoned coal-mining operations. A 2001 study projected that 1781:

on the lower molars, are present, another trait the marsh rice rat shares with most but not all other oryzomyines. The flexi and flexids (valleys between the cusps and crests) at the labial (outer) side of the molars are closed by

1425:, which have been suggested as components of the inactivation process. Mutants with fused or additional molars and with light fur have been recorded in laboratory colonies; the abnormal molars are apparently the result of a single 494:

previously included many other species, which were reclassified in various studies culminating in contributions by Marcelo Weksler and coworkers in 2006 that removed more than 40 species from the genus. All are placed in the tribe

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as a separate species; their classification was based on their emphasis of overwater gaps as agents of biological diversification and a critique of shortcomings in Humphrey and Setzer's study, not on a reanalysis of the data.

2296:, a bacterial disease affecting the jaws, is particularly virulent in marsh rice rats; the animal has been proposed as a model for research on the disease in humans. The identity of the bacterial agent remains unknown. 4711:. Reports of explorations and surveys to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean (Senate executive document 78, Washington, D.C.) 8(1):1–757. 1433:(the proportion of red blood cells in the blood) is high in the marsh rice rat compared to other rodents; this may be an adaptation that enables the rice rat to increase oxygen capacity while swimming under water. 4826:

Carleton, M.D. and Musser, G.G. 1984. Muroid rodents. Pp. 289–379 in Anderson. S. and Jones, J.K. Jr. (eds.). Orders and families of Recent mammals of the world. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 686 pp.

398:. The upperparts are generally gray-brown, but are reddish in many Florida populations. The feet show several specializations for life in the water. The skull is large and flattened, and is short at the front. 1789:

The upper molars have two longitudinal rows of cusps, not three as in the black and brown rats. The first and second upper molars are oval in form and the flexi do not extend to the midline of the molars. The

436:, which also includes several others occurring further south in Mexico, Central America, and northwestern South America, some of which have previously been regarded as subspecies of the marsh rice rat. One, 1501:, but a broad band of nonspinous tissue is seen. The papilla (nipple-like projection) on the dorsal (upper) side of the penis is covered with small spines, a character the marsh rice rat shares only with 800:

ranges north to southernmost Texas, where its distribution meets that of the marsh rice rat. In 1960, Raymond Hall argued that specimens from the contact zone were intermediate between the local forms of

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in corn-cultivating Native American communities. Some subfossil animals are slightly larger than living marsh rice rats, possibly because environmental constraints were relaxed in commensal populations.

2355:) and the rice rat regularly occur together; water levels are known to influence relative abundance of these two species in Florida. The cotton rat is mainly active during the day, which may help 817:

were also distinct. Since then, the two have generally been retained as distinct species, as supported by further research; a 1994 study even found the two to occur at some of the same places (in

507:, along with hundreds of other species of mainly small rodents, most of which occur in South and Central America. In the United States, the marsh rice rat is the only oryzomyine rodent except for 2087:, the marsh rice rat shows less genetic variability within but more between populations in the contact zone, probably because the species is restricted to isolated populations near the coast. 862:

rice rats; the study concluded in favor of classifying the Keys rice rat as a "distinct vertebrate population". This population probably diverged from mainland rice rats about 2000 years ago.

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are long and have unpigmented, silvery tips. When rice rats swim, air is trapped in the fur, which increases buoyancy and reduces heat loss. As in most other oryzomyines, females have eight

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behavior, but wild rice rats have been observed carrying food to a nest. Even when they live in uplands, they mostly eat water plants and animals, although they consume some upland plants.

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proposed the marsh rice rat as a model organism in 1951 to study certain infections to which other rodents used at the time are not susceptible. The marsh rice rat is quite susceptible to

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during mating, the penetrations and the intervals between them become longer. Even when a male is satiated after mating, it is able to copulate again when a new female is introduced (the

2480:, fiddler crabs, or sunflower seeds alone, but a diet consisting of several of those items or of mealworms is adequate to maintain weight. In an experiment, marsh rice rats did not show 2328:, densities may exceed 200 per ha (80 per acre) when flooding concentrates populations on small islands, In the Florida Keys, population density is less than 1 per ha (0.4 per acre). On 426:

gene indicate a deep divergence between populations east of Mississippi and those further west, which suggests that the western populations may be recognized as a separate species,

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The marsh rice rat takes both vegetable and animal food, and is more carnivorous than most small rodents are; dominant food items vary seasonally. Plants eaten include species of

1654:, reach backward between the molars. The palate is long, extending substantially beyond the third molars. The back part, near the third molars, is usually perforated by prominent 1024:

group. The combined data supported the western and eastern clades within the marsh rice rat and placed the Costa Rican population marginally closer to the marsh rice rat than to

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The marsh rice rat currently occurs in much of the eastern and southern United States, northeast to southern New Jersey, and south to southeastern Texas and far northeastern

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Whitaker and Hamilton, 1982, p. 279; Kays and Wilson, 2000, p. 108; Goldman, 1918, p. 23; Carleton and Musser, 1989, p. 24; Merritt, 1987, p. 173

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from western Mississippi and southeastern Kansas to eastern Texas. Two additional subspecies were described by William J. Hamilton in 1955 from southern Florida:

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reproductive activity in females is less than in males. In the south of its range, animals may breed less when the summer is at its warmest. The duration of the

1893:, and in water contaminated with oil, they swim less and their mortality increases. The median amount of radiation needed to kill a marsh rice rat is 5.25 1266:. The ears are about the same color as the upperparts, but a patch of light hairs is in front of them. The tail is dark brown above and may be paler below. The 1659: 390:

in corn-cultivating communities. Weighing about 40 to 80 g (1.4 to 2.8 oz), the marsh rice rat is a medium-sized rodent that resembles the common

2506:). Partly because of resistance by the female, the frequency of ejaculation during mating is rather low in marsh rice rats as compared to laboratory rats, 222:

Current (blue) and approximate former (light blue) distribution of the marsh rice rat in the eastern United States. A small part of the distribution of

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would reduce the range of the marsh rice rat in Texas, where it is now common, but may become threatened by habitat loss in the future. A study at the

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Prevalence of antibodies to arenaviruses in rodents from the southern and western United States: evidence for an arenavirus associated with the genus

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that has been fertilized with nitrogen and mainly eats the inner tissue of the stem, perhaps because nitrogen-fertilized plants contain much less

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The population density of the marsh rice rat usually does not reach 10 per ha (4 per acre). The weather may influence population dynamics; in the

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Phylogenetic relationships of oryzomyine rodents (Muroidea: Sigmodontinae): separate and combined analyses of morphological and molecular data

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Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, p. 280; Edmonds et al., 2003, p. 41; Bloch and Rose, 2005, p. 303; Negus et al., 1961, p. 103

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Cave and archeological remains indicate that the range of the marsh rice rat has extended substantially further north and west earlier in the

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Comparative gross morphology of male accessory glands among Neotropical Muridae (Mammalia: Rodentia) with comments on systematic implications

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in the United States, have been found in marsh rice rats in Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, and Tennessee. Another pathogenic bacterium,

7848: 1061:. The species is now usually known as the "marsh rice rat", although "marsh oryzomys" has also been in recent use. The Florida Keys form ( 5691:

American animals: a popular guide to the mammals of North America north of Mexico, with intimate biographies of the more familiar species

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McIntyre, N.E., Chu, Y.-K., Owen, R.D., Abuzeineh, A., de la Sancha, N., Dick, C.W., Holsomback, T. Nisbett, R.A. and Jonsson, C. 2005.

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Kosoy, M.Y., Elliott, L.H., Ksiazek, T.G., Fulhorst, C.F., Rollin, P.E., Childs, J.E., Mills, J.N., Maupin, G.O. and Peters, C.J. 1996.

1587:, the rostrum is flatter than in mainland Florida forms, in which it is more convex, and the nasals are said to be relatively longer in 1873:

is absent, as in all members of the Sigmodontinae; if present, as in some other rodents, this foramen perforates the distal end of the

1857:(chest) vertebrae, a synapomorphy of the Sigmodontinae. The anapophyses, processes at the back of vertebrae, are absent from the fifth 2447:, and sparrows, and may be the most important predator on eggs and young of the marsh wren. Rice rats also eat eggs and young of the 1359:

to have a less yellow fur, but found no significant differences in redness. Substantial variation within populations also was found.

557:, was found in the academy's collection, and Harlan took it upon himself, against Pickering's wishes, to describe the new species as 7781: 7558: 5846: 5272:

Kosoy, M.Y., Regnery, R.L., Tzianabos, T., Marston, E.L., Jones, D.C., Green, D., Maupin, G.O., Olson, J.G. and Childs, J.E. 1997.

1709:, which anchor some of the chewing muscles, join at a point below the first molar and do not extend forward beyond that point. The 7807: 7610: 1532:

Some features of the accessory glands in the male genital region vary among oryzomyines. In the marsh rice rat, a single pair of

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Measurements are all in millimeters and are in the form "average (minimum–maximum)", except those of the Florida Keys population.

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Milazzo, M.L., Cajimat, M.N., Hanson, J.D., Bradley, R.D., Quintana, M., Sherman, C., Velásquez, R.T. and Fulhorst, C.F. 2006.

1966:(late Pleistocene, less than 300,000 years ago) deposits in Florida and Georgia and remains referred to the extinct subspecies 813:

and the marsh rice rat there were in fact distinct, with the latter being smaller and less brown and more gray in color; their

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in two main clades, but did not recover the western and eastern groups of the marsh rice rat as separate clades. In addition,

7873: 7858: 7654: 5786: 5612: 5569: 5529: 5427: 5380: 5322: 1599:(cheekbone), is broad and develops a notch at its front end. The arches themselves are robust and contain small but distinct 7812: 7615: 1452:

Skulls of the marsh rice rat, seen from above (top row) and below (bottom row), at the left is a South Carolina specimen of

2079:(occur in the same places). In experimental conditions, they fail to interbreed and genetic analysis yields no evidence of 805:

and the marsh rice rat, and accordingly included the former in the marsh rice rat. While reporting on the ecology of Texan

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The marsh rice rat occurs in several habitats, ranging from coastal salt marshes to mountain streams and clearings. It is

1705:, an opening just before the first molar, opens sidewards, not upwards as in a few other oryzomyines. The upper and lower 2949:

Audubon and Bachman, 1854, p. 216; Harlan, 1837, p. 386; Chapman, 1893, p. 43; Goldman, 1918, pp. 8–9

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Wolfe, 1982, p. 1; Musser and Carleton, 2005, p. 1142; Richards, 1980, fig. 1; Winkler, 1990, p. 202

1990:, which are of a different geological origin and were probably never connected to the mainland. The western and eastern 7868: 1293:, has even more reduced ungual tufts. Many of these traits are common adaptations to life in the water in oryzomyines. 4601:

Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, p. 278; Kays and Wilson, 2000, p. 108; Wang et al., 2005, pp. 575–576, 581

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A comparison of radiation response, cyanide toxicity and sulfur transferase activity in native North American rodents

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Effects of a flood on relative abundance and diversity of small mammals in a regenerating bottomland hardwood forest

7820: 7727: 5303: 1036:. They recommended further research in the Mississippi–Alabama–Tennessee region, where the ranges of the two meet. 481: 7680: 5590: 4812: 2684: 2286: 455: 5638:

Comparison of white-footed mice and rice rats as biomonitors of polychlorinated biphenyl and metal contamination

5466: 1032:, the authors suggested that the western populations of the marsh rice rat be recognized as a separate species, 5181:

Hofmann, J.E., Gardner, J.E. and Moris, M.J. 1990. Distribution, abundance, and habitat of the marsh rice rat (

546: 1315:), and Florida populations are generally more tawny or reddish than either, with those from southern Florida ( 7511: 5317:

Lodge, T.E. 2005. The Everglades handbook: understanding the ecosystem. 2nd edition. CRC Press, 302 pp.

1802:, which divides it into separate cuspules at the labial and lingual (inner) sides of the molar. A crest, the 5194:

The glans penis in Neotropical cricetines (Family Muridae) with comments on classification of muroid rodents

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is long and robust, averaging 7.3 mm (0.29 in) long and 4.6 mm (0.18 in) broad, and the

1281:(tufts of hair on the digits) are absent. The hind feet are broad and have a short fifth digit. Many of the 7484: 5839: 4797: 462:

that also infects humans. The species is not of conservation concern, but some populations are threatened.

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have been described since the 1890s, mainly from Florida, but disagreement exists over their validity. The

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Cohen and Meyer, 1993, p. 601; Shklair and Ralls, 1988, p. 25; Beiraghi et al., 1988, p. 99

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Nesmith, C.C. and Cox, J. 1985. Red-winged blackbird nest usurpation by rice rats in Florida and Mexico.

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Food availability and photoperiod affect reproductive development and maintenance in the marsh rice rat (

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Wolfe, 1982, p. 1; Whitaker and Hamilton, 1982, pp. 278–279; Kays and Wilson, 2000, p. 108

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DNA found that Florida Keys rice rats exhibit low genetic variation and are significantly different from

846: 550: 499:("rice rats"), a diverse assemblage of over 100 species, and on higher taxonomic levels in the subfamily 4011:

Musser and Carleton, 2005, p. 1152; Wolfe, 1982, p. 1; Schmidt and Engstrom, 1994, p. 914

7863: 7045: 2667:", because it is a common, widespread, and stable species without major threats that occurs in several 2411: 606: 7825: 7732: 4038:

Wolfe, 1982, p. 1; Hibbard, 1955, p. 213; Dalquest, 1962, p. 575; 1965, pp. 63, 70

2431:, and snails, but the species is known to eat many other animals, including fish, clams, and juvenile 7376: 7052: 2329: 855: 82: 4912: 1821:, the frontmost cusp, are barely distinct. The second lower molar is elongated and has a crest, the 1813:

Upper (left) and lower (right) molars of a marsh rice rat from Virginia, with the front molars above

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ranges from 6 to 9 days, with an average of 7.72 days. Estrus occurs again after a litter is born.

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is towards the front and the edges are lined by prominent shelves. The marsh rice rat has a narrow

4726: 1343:). In 1989, Humphrey and Setzer reviewed variation in color among Florida populations. They found 925:

In 2010, Delton Hanson and colleagues published a study of the relationships among populations of

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Small mammals from a Holocene sequence in central Texas and their paleoenvironmental implications

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Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, p. 279; Wolfe, 1982, p. 3; Esher et al., 1978, p. 556

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cultivation, but in some older cave sites the rice rat is found with the extinct giant armadillo

1794:, the front cusp of the upper first molar, is not divided in two by an indentation at its front ( 1525: 699: 598: 562: 5637: 4994:

A checklist of mammals of the North American continent, the West Indies and the neighboring seas

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Chu, Y.-K., Owen, R.D., Sánchez-Hernández, C., Romero-Almarez, M. de L. and Jonsson, C.B. 2008.

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Abuzeineh, A.A., Owen, R.D., McIntyre, N.E., Dick, C.W., Strauss, R.E. and Holsomback, T. 2007.

2159:), perhaps to move in a straight line, which is an efficient strategy to find suitable habitat. 7799: 7719: 7589: 7446: 7080: 7038: 6788: 6673: 6315: 6243: 5929: 5814: 5455: 4924:

Effect of dietary vitamin E supplement and rotational stress on alveolar bone loss in rice rats

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in a small area of southern Texas; the only other sigmodontines present are several species of

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Description of a new species of Quadruped, of the order Rodentia, inhabiting the United States

5146: 4993: 4715: 4701: 4683: 840:. The status of this form—either a distinct species or not even subspecifically distinct from 7714: 7405: 7073: 7059: 6989: 6750: 6729: 6680: 6443: 6405: 6236: 6222: 6172: 6137: 2406: 2372: 2356: 2072: 1914:

is administered in male rice rats, the testes are reduced and tend to regress into the body.

1834: 1799: 1675: 1335:—lack the reddish tones of mainland Florida populations and are instead grayish, resembling 965: 187: 7706: 4493:

Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, p. 280; Wolfe, 1982, p. 2; Linzey and Hammerson, 2008

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Wolfe, 1982, p. 1; Linzey and Hammerson, 2008; Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, p. 278

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in a seaside salt marsh in Florida. On islands in North Carolina, rice rats consume eggs of

2170:) is among the most important; one study found that 97.5% of vertebrate remains in barn owl 1825:, before the two cusps that form the front edge of the molar in some other oryzomyines, the 1817:

The first lower molar is rounded at the front end and the labial and lingual conules of the

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Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, p. 279; Wolfe, 1982, p. 1; Goldman, 1918, p. 20

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Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, p. 281; Wolfe, 1982, p. 4; Durden and Kollars, 1997

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Evidence for a recent genetic bottleneck in the endangered Florida Keys silver rice rat (

5438:(Harlan), on Breton Island, Gulf of Mexico, with a critique of the critical stress theory 2033:. Most northern archeological sites date from about 1000 CE and are associated with 1795: 1612: 1465: 1426: 1309: 735: 706:. He distinguished four subspecies, which he said formed a "closely intergrading series"— 688: 386:, Mexico; its range previously extended further west and north, where it may have been a 47: 5131: 1607:, an opening in the side of the skull above the molars, is large; it is much smaller in 1399: 1016:

placed a Costa Rican population within the marsh rice rat clade and some other southern

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as a separate species, but acknowledges a need for further research. A 2005 study using

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Merriam and Goldman had recognized that a number of Central American species, including

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Kollars, T.M. Jr., Ourth, D.D., Lockey, T.D. and Markowski, D. 1996. IgG antibodies to

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Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, p. 279; Wolfe, 1982, p. 4; Nesmith and Cox, 1985

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Stone and Cram, 1903, p. 129; Eliot, 1905, p. 275; Steward, 1951, p. 427

2692: 2621: 2197: 2099: 1765:, with the chewing edge located behind the vertical plane of the teeth. The molars are 1620: 1379: 796:

and numerous forms with more limited distributions, are related to the marsh rice rat.

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Distribution and subspecies of the marsh rice rat according to Goldman (1918): 1.

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Shklair, I.L. and Ralls, S.A. 1988. Periodontopathic micro-organisms in the rice rat (

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Selected aspects of the nesting ecology of American alligators in the Okefenokee Swamp

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The Jinglebob interglacial (Sangamon?) fauna from Kansas and its climatic significance

4845: 2719: 1635:) has a somewhat smaller and narrower skull than those from the east outside Florida ( 404:

discovered the marsh rice rat in 1816, and it was formally described in 1837. Several

7853: 7768: 7701: 7519: 7289: 6939: 6890: 6736: 6708: 6701: 6694: 6637: 6623: 6601: 6594: 6457: 6322: 6301: 6057: 5782: 5648: 5626: 5608: 5565: 5525: 5423: 5376: 5318: 5259: 5238: 2462: 2348: 1898: 1854: 1850: 1548: 930: 747: 417: 5327:

Loxterman, J.L., Moncrief, N.D., Dueser, R.D., Carlson, C.R. and Pagels, J.F. 1998.

2455:) and are aggressive towards the sparrow, apparently leading it to avoid nesting in 2418:

plantations, feeding on the rice when it was newly planted. It also eats the fungus

1713:, a raising of the bone of the back of the mandible that houses the back end of the 1563:

The marsh rice rat has a large, flattened skull with a short and broad rostrum. The

1446: 1402:

of 60 chromosomal arms (2n = 56, FN = 60). The form of the

7773: 7524: 7183: 7175: 6946: 6911: 6904: 6883: 6630: 6580: 6573: 6566: 6559: 6552: 6479: 6469: 6421: 6071: 5433: 5401: 4787:

Getting warmer: Effect of global climate change on distribution of rodents in Texas

2059:

In Tamaulipas and southern Texas, the ranges of the marsh rice rat and the related

2048: 1783: 1710: 1647: 1476: 1422: 635:, but since the 1890s, it has been universally recognized as a genus distinct from 486: 38: 5346: 2308:

protect against bone loss associated with this disease in the rice rat and a high-

1773:, low-crowned, as in most other oryzomyines. Many accessory crests, including the 214: 7759: 7688: 7161: 6932: 6925: 6897: 6876: 6862: 6644: 6587: 6336: 5776: 5357: 5234: 5053: 4886: 4831:

Systematic studies of oryzomyine rodents (Muridae, Sigmodontinae): a synopsis of

4708: 3114:

Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, p. 281; Musser and Carleton, 2005, p. 1152

2503: 2448: 1995: 1862: 1858: 1733:

Mandible of a marsh rice rat from New Jersey, seen labially (from the outer side)

1687: 1592: 1552: 1533: 509: 438: 224: 7641: 4970:

Durden, L.A. and Kollars, T.M. Jr. 1997. The fleas (Siphonaptera) of Tennessee.

4956: 3048:

Schmidt and Engstrom, 1994, p. 419; Musser and Carleton, 2005, p. 1147

1938:, Mexico. The northernmost records in the interior United States are in eastern 1282: 412:

population is sometimes classified as a different species, the silver rice rat (

7469: 7416: 7359: 5724: 5093:

Spatial overlap and dietary selection of native rice rats and exotic black rats

4709:

Mammals: General report upon the zoology of the several Pacific railroad routes

3368:

Spitzer and Lazell, 1978, p. 787; Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, p. 276

3105:

Humphrey and Setzer, 1989, p. 557; Musser and Carleton, 2005, p. 1152

2680: 2676: 2668: 2400: 2068: 2039: 1999: 1982:

and Sangamonian of Kansas. In the Florida Keys, rice rats occur on most of the

1927: 1738: 1702: 1683: 1679: 1596: 1580: 1415: 1403: 866: 743: 542: 530: 204: 5649:

The genetics and development of fused and supernumerary molars in the rice rat

3679:

Carleton and Musser, 1989, p. 27; Weksler, 2006, p. 28, table 5

2883:

Musser and Carleton, 2005, p. 1152; Miller and Kellogg, 1955, p. 430

1889:

may increase up to 200%, and rice rats are unable to conserve water well when

1729: 1519:) is present; it is absent in all other oryzomyines with studied penes except 7842: 7623: 7308: 7243: 7233: 5983: 5973: 5901: 5422:. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols., 2142 pp. 5329:

Dispersal abilities and genetic population structure of insular and mainland

5023: 4854: 2728: 2664: 2660: 2601: 2597: 2494: 2293: 2245: 2225: 2064: 2026: 1963: 1886: 1754: 1572: 1498: 1277:

The fore feet have four and the hind feet five digits. On the fore feet, the

1053:; "Bangs' marsh mouse", "Cape Sable rice rat", and "Everglades rice rat" for 836:, and in 1978 Spitzer and Lazell described this population as a new species, 500: 154: 67: 62: 28: 5273: 2102:

show that they readily cross 300-m (1000 ft) channels between islands.

1809: 1631:) generally have the largest and broadest skulls, and the western specimen ( 1296: 1254:

The marsh rice rat is a medium-sized rodent that looks much like the common

7602: 7388: 6972: 6491: 6127: 6115: 6105: 6007: 5996: 5961: 5953: 5942: 5636:

Smith, P.N., Cobb, G.P., Harper, F.M., Adair, B.M. and McMurry, S.T. 2002.

4727:

Effect of stannous fluoride and iodine on root caries and bone loss in rats

4684:

On the mammals of Aransas County, Texas, with descriptions of new forms of

3252:

Musser and Carleton, 2005, p. 1152; Milazzo et al., 2006, p. 1003

2647: 2428: 2030: 1907: 1822: 1758: 1691: 1671: 1576: 1568: 1503: 1391: 1387: 934: 833: 644: 534: 454:, and it usually lives for less than a year in the wild. It is infected by 420: 409: 401: 387: 5718:

Miscellaneous Publications of the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology

5630: 5198:

Miscellaneous Publications of the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology

4913:

Genetic characterization and phylogeny of a hantavirus from Western Mexico

1747: 1744: 1678:, an opening in the back part of the skull determined by the shape of the 7693: 7662: 7571: 7478: 7124: 7114: 6918: 6769: 6184: 6093: 6083: 5549:

Rose, R.K. and McGurk, S.W. 2006. Year-round diet of the marsh rice rat,

5492: 5482:

Dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) and related compounds in higher plants

5465:

Oliver, J.H., Magnarelli, L.A., Hutcheson, H.J. and Anderson, J.F. 1999.

2982:

Goldman, 1918, p. 9; Carleton and Arroyo-Cabrales, 2009, p. 116

2672: 2608: 2427:

Animals that are important to the marsh rice rat's diet include insects,

2347:), but no evidence shows they compete with each other. In the south, the 2340: 2277: 2091: 1994:

clades within the marsh rice rat may represent expansions from different

1975: 1894: 1890: 1818: 1762: 1682:, is present. The squamosal lacks a suspensory process that contacts the 1490: 1300:

Marsh rice rats in much of Florida are more reddish than those elsewhere.

1278: 1263: 1045: 1000:

were all included. Data from both of the slower-evolving nuclear markers

945: 759: 347: 5481: 2367: 2047:

enabled the rice rat to disperse northward and when the climate cooled,

2043:, suggesting warm climatic conditions. Perhaps a warm period during the 7786: 7563: 7427: 7347: 7337: 7221: 7210: 6833: 6822: 6663: 6255: 6019: 5912: 5895: 5856: 5792: 5698: 5674: 5659: 5575: 5503: 5328: 5288: 5223: 5204: 5157: 5103: 5092: 5078: 5064: 5038: 5004: 4945: 4934: 4902:

A study of pathological conditions in wild rodents in radioactive areas

4901: 4875: 4786: 4752: 4737: 2652: 2629: 2612: 2388: 2325: 2183: 2175: 2171: 2156: 2124: 2044: 1987: 1983: 1959: 1935: 1866: 1826: 1803: 1791: 1778: 1770: 1600: 1564: 1515:, located in the crater at the end of the penis, a fleshy process (the 1430: 1364: 1267: 859: 829: 822: 656: 631: 554: 514: 504: 496: 459: 405: 383: 371: 367: 355: 144: 5815:

Effects of crude oil on swimming behavior and survival in the rice rat

5713: 5193: 5171: 4725:

Beiraghi, S., Rosen, S., Wright, K., Spuller, R. and Beck, F.M. 1988.

4716:

The land mammals of peninsular Florida and the coast region of Georgia

568:

is Latin for "marshy" and refers to the usual habitat of the species.

470:

The marsh rice rat is classified as one of eight species in the genus

7576: 7545: 6433: 6378: 6291: 5176:

Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan

4946:

New Pleistocene formation and local fauna from Hardeman County, Texas

4397:

Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, pp. 279–280; Wolfe, 1982, p. 3

2640:) has also been found in Florida marsh rice rats. Antibodies against 2476:

88% to 95% of the energy in their food. They lose weight when fed on

2444: 2439: 2433: 2404:, among others; it mainly eats seeds and succulent parts. It prefers 2394: 2339:

In the northern part of its range, the species often occurs with the

2297: 2205: 2110: 2080: 2076: 2052: 1979: 1922: 1911: 1830: 1616: 1536:

is present at the penis. As is usual for sigmodontines, two pairs of

1395: 1259: 1255: 814: 395: 391: 370:. It is found mostly in the eastern and southern United States, from 94: 7440: 5580:

species group) in southern Texas and northeastern Tamaulipas, Mexico

4610:

Hofmann et al., 1990, p. 162; Eubanks et al., 2011, p. 558

3359:

Carleton and Musser, 1989, p. 24; Weksler, 2006, pp. 23–25

2961:

Merritt, 1987, p. 173; Schwartz and Schwartz, 2001, p. 192

1304:

Some geographic variation in fur color occurs; western populations (

561:, proclaiming it one of the few true rats of the United States. The 7753: 7550: 7463: 7279: 7267: 7256: 7136: 6613: 6542: 6530: 6520: 6365: 6355: 5877: 5022:

Eubanks, B.W., Hellgren, E.C., Nawrot, J.R. and Bluett, R.D. 2011.

4583:

Oliver et al., 1999, p. 578; Kollars et al., 1996, p. 130

4230:

Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, p. 281; Wolfe, 1982, pp. 2–3

4203:

Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, p. 279; Wolfe, 1982, pp. 3–4

2604:

and has been used as a model system for the study of that disease.

2481: 2420: 2382: 2313: 2301: 2281: 2269: 2253: 2163: 2115: 2095: 2010: 2006: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1939: 1774: 1766: 1698: 1544: 1540: 1457: 818: 626: 621:"mouse" and refers to the rat's habit of eating rice. At the time, 585: 472: 451: 432: 164: 114: 5765: 5754: 5471:

from mammals at Cape Hatteras, NC and Assateague Island, MD and VA

1690:, a defining character of oryzomyines. Some openings occur in the 710:

from New Jersey to southeastern Mississippi and eastern Missouri;

6845: 5418:

Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference

5237:. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 240 pp. 4830: 4565:

Milazzo et al., 2006, p. 1003; Chu et al., 2008, p. 188

2633: 2507: 2469:). They have been observed preying on alligator eggs in Georgia. 2309: 2273: 2217: 2209: 2140: 2075:

counties, Texas, and in far northeastern Tamaulipas, the two are

2018: 1874: 1753:(one upper and one lower incisor and three upper and three lower 1714: 1537: 1494: 1371: 594: 379: 359: 5766:

Ten new genera of oryzomyine rodents (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae)

5387:

Catacamas virus, a hantaviral species naturally associated with

5130:

Hanson, J.D., Indorf, J.L., Swier, V.J. and Bradley, R.D. 2010.

4388:

Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, p. 280; Wolfe, 1982, p. 3

4128:

Wolfe, 1982, p. 2; Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, p. 279

3619:

Weksler, 2006, pp. 57–58; Voss and Linzey, 1981, p. 13

679:

as a separate species in 1901 and described a subspecies of it,

553:

in Philadelphia to confirm its identity. Another specimen, from

7537: 7506: 5889: 5883: 5871: 5416: 4817:

complex (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) in Western Mexico

4020:

Wolfe, 1982, p. 1; Musser and Carleton, 2005, p. 1142

2457: 2414:

in their inner tissues. The marsh rice rat was a major pest on

2305: 2233: 1943: 1667: 1651: 1419: 1375: 1271: 961: 763: 375: 351: 134: 124: 104: 5289:

Use of tidal marsh and upland habitats by the marsh rice rat (

3592:

Hooper and Musser, 1964, p. 13; Weksler, 2006, p. 57

5415:. Pp. 894–1531 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). 4935:

The Good Creek Formation, Pleistocene of Texas, and its fauna

2973:

Baird, 1857, pp. 458, 482, 484; Goldman, 1918, p. 9

2261: 2257: 2034: 1903: 977: 844:—has remained controversial since; the 2005 third edition of 659:

of the marsh rice rat were described from the United States:

443: 363: 5304:

Periodontitis. Animal model: periodontitis in the rice rat (

2256:

have been recorded on the marsh rice rat, including various

2174:

were marsh rice rats. Other predators include birds such as

1845:

As usual in oryzomyines, 12 ribs are present. The first rib

1074:

Measurements of different populations of the marsh rice rat

901:). However, Whitaker and Hamilton in their 1998 book on the 442:, occurs with the marsh rice rat in Tamaulipas and southern 5854: 5591:

Limited perceptual range and anemotaxis in marsh rice rats

5480:

Otte, M.L., Wilson, G., Morris, J.T. and Moran, B.M. 2004.

2663:

assesses the conservation status of the marsh rice rat as "

2415: 2265: 2022: 2014: 949: 580: 5205:

Geographic variation and taxonomic revision of rice rats (

4770:

Brunjes, J.H., IV and Webster, W.D. 2003. Marsh rice rat,

1869:(small bones) are present with a spinous back border. The 1555:

is irregularly folded, not smooth as in most oryzomyines.

1319:) being brighter than those from the center of the state ( 1662:, the gap behind the end of the palate, is perforated by 5107:

only subspecifically different from the marsh rice rat,

4637:

Cameron and Scheel, 2001, table 3, pp. 668–669

3862:

Carleton and Musser, 1989, pp. 45–46; fig. 26A

2312:

diet increases the severity of periodontitis. A case of

1769:, with the cusps higher than the connecting crests, and 1049:"swimming rice rat", and "Central Florida rice rat" for 5564:. 2nd edition. University of Texas Press, 501 pp. 5347:

A longitudinal study of Bayou virus, hosts, and habitat

4796:

Cantrell, M.A., Carstens, B.C. and Wichman, H.A. 2009.

3907:

Carleton and Musser, 1989, p. 46, fig. 27A, B

1666:, which are set far to the front. The condition of the 1378:-hemiglandular); it is not split in two chambers by an 809:

in 1979, Benson and Gehlbach noted that populations of

5679:) as a possible laboratory animal for special purposes 5158:

First South American record of Coues' marsh rice rat,

2616:

contact with these excreta. Two related hantaviruses,

2316:

has been observed in a North Carolina marsh rice rat.

1418:

occurs in the marsh rice rat, though the animal lacks

5187:

Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science

4977:

Edmonds, K.E. Jr., Riggs, L. and Stetson, M.H. 2003.

3021:

Merriam, 1901, p. 275; Goldman, 1918, p. 20

1761:. The upper incisors are well developed and strongly 1406:

has been used to distinguish the marsh rice rat from

1355:

to be somewhat darker than mainland populations, and

5764:

Weksler, M., Percequillo, A.R. and Voss, R.S. 2006.

4720:

Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History

3530:

Goldman, 1918, plate I, figs. 1, 1a, 2, 2a

3039:

Benson and Gehlbach, 1979, p. 227, table 2

1658:, which are recessed into fossae (depressions). The 976:

data placed all marsh rice rats studied sister to a

650: 5125:

Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington

3871:

Goldman, 1918, plate VI, figs. 1, 1a

1020:specimens closer to the marsh rice rat than to the 913:as separate subspecies, but merged all others into 5759:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 5119:Hamilton, W.J. Jr. 1955. Two new rice rats (Genus 4895:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 4838:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 4821:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 4695:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 4319:Wolfe, 1982, p. 2; Kruchek, 2004, p. 573 5653:Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology 5395:American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 5366:Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences 5351:American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 5282:American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 5274:Distribution, diversity, and host specificity of 5267:American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 5065:Distribution and habitat of the silver rice rat, 4029:Weksler, 2006, p. 88; Wolfe, 1982, p. 1 3135:Hanson et al., 2010, figs. 1–2, table 1 2628:in Honduras and western Mexico, respectively. An 2443:turtles. They scavenge on carcasses of muskrats, 2051:populations were able to survive in the north as 1374:has the characteristic pattern of sigmodontines ( 1285:are reduced, as are the ungual tufts, but small 7840: 5723:Wang, Y., Williams, D.A. and Gaines, M.S. 2005. 4738:Ecological and taxonomic notes on the rice rat ( 1798:), but does display a hollow in the middle, the 869:study by Humphrey and Setzer separated only two— 702:again recognized all these as a single species, 5432:Negus, N.C., Gould, E. and Chipman, R.K. 1961. 5375:. University of Pittsburgh Press, 408 pp. 5003:Esher, R.J., Wolfe, J.L. and Layne, J.N. 1978. 2892:Carleton and Arroyo-Cabrales, 2009, p. 106 2118:is an important predator of the marsh rice rat. 1962:. Fossils of the marsh rice rat are known from 1906:in both adult and juvenile rice rats. When the 5576:Genic variation and systematics of rice rats ( 5544:Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Sciences 5278:in rodents from the southeastern United States 5253:Journal of Spirochetal and Tick-Borne Diseases 2607:The marsh rice rat is the primary host of the 1551:prostate glands exist. Part of the end of the 1482:Skull from South Carolina, seen from the left. 1414:species to be useful in differentiating them. 1394:(shared-derived character) of Oryzomyini. The 1327:) is silvery, and the two other Florida forms— 625:was recognized either as a full genus or as a 537:. Bachman intended to describe the species as 5840: 5694:. Doubleday, Page & Company, 316 pp. 5607:. University of Missouri Press, 368 pp. 5028:) in freshwater wetlands of southern Illinois 4811:Carleton, M.D. and Arroyo-Cabrales, J. 2009. 4802:evolution in a rodent lacking LINE-1 activity 3826:Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, pp. 278–279 2487: 2472:Laboratory studies have found that rice rats 1998:which the species was restricted to during a 1571:bones extend back beyond the point where the 579:, considering it more closely related to the 529:The marsh rice rat was discovered in 1816 in 31:(300,000 years before present) – present 5024:Habitat associations of the marsh rice rat ( 4384: 4382: 4101:Schmidt and Engstrom, 1994, pp. 915–916 1436: 1382:and the front part (antrum) is covered by a 4363: 4361: 3637:Weksler, 2006, pp. 27–28, table 5 3425:Humphrey and Setzer, 1989, pp. 563–564 2717: 2123:vegetation. They may also use old nests of 1958:, but the species is absent in much of the 1917: 954:interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein 601:argued that the referral of the species to 5847: 5833: 5508:on the habitat use of the seaside sparrow 5460:Comparative Biochemistry and Biophysiology 4900:Childs, H.E. Jr. and Cosgrove, G.E. 1966. 4874:Chamberlain, M.J. and Leopold, B.D. 2003. 4346:Chamberlain and Leopold, 2003, p. 307 4212:Schooley and Branch, 2005, pp. 59, 63 3835:Carleton and Musser, 1989, pp. 40, 42 2162:Many animals prey on marsh rice rats. The 2083:or hybridization in the wild. Compared to 929:on the basis of data from three genes—the 213: 56: 37: 5781:. Cornell University Press, 583 pp. 5729:) revealed by microsatellite DNA analyses 5658:Spitzer, N.C. and Lazell, J.D. Jr. 1978. 5522:A Field Guide to Mammals of North America 5079:Taxonomic status of the silver rice rat, 4702:The quadrupeds of North America. Vol. III 4379: 4288: 4286: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4221:Schooley and Branch, 2005, pp. 64–65 3844:Carleton and Musser, 1989, pp. 39–40 3295:Carleton and Musser, 1989, pp. 22–23 3122: 3120: 3083: 3081: 2656:, is known from Georgia marsh rice rats. 1623:. According to Goldman, Florida animals ( 1529:. The baculum is deeper than it is wide. 694:. In his 1918 revision of North American 5775:Whitaker, J.O. and Hamilton, W.J. 1998. 5603:Schwartz, C.W. and Schwartz, E.R. 2001. 5497:Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 4998:Field Columbian Museum Zoological Series 4453: 4451: 4358: 4280:Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, p. 281 4145: 4143: 4047:Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, p. 277 3975:O'Farrell and Dilley, 1975, table 1 3666: 3664: 3645: 3643: 3542:Goldman, 1918, plate V, fig. 1 3538: 3536: 3508: 3506: 3457:Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, p. 279 3453: 3451: 3449: 3403: 3401: 3188: 3186: 2936: 2934: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2611:(BAYV), the second-most common agent of 2366: 2109: 1921: 1808: 1728: 1308:) are lighter than those from the east ( 1295: 768: 476:, which is distributed from the eastern 5574:Schmidt, C.A. and Engstrom, M.D. 1994. 5542:) remains from southern Indiana caves. 5524:, 4th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. 5454:O'Farrell, T.P. and Dilley, J.V. 1975. 5400:Miller, G.S. Jr. and Kellogg, R. 1955. 4843: 4496: 4405: 4403: 4119:Schmidt and Engstrom, 1994, p. 922 4110:Schmidt and Engstrom, 1994, p. 920 4092:Schmidt and Engstrom, 1994, p. 916 4083:Schmidt and Engstrom, 1994, p. 914 3934:Weksler, 2006, p. 53; fig. 28 3916:Weksler, 2006, p. 52, table 5 3813: 3811: 3751:Weksler, 2006, p. 41, table 5 3670:Schmidt and Engstrom, 1994, p. 917 3552: 3550: 3548: 3312: 3310: 3200: 3198: 3075:Musser and Carleton, 2005, p. 1153 2957: 2955: 2764: 2762: 2514:Body masses reported at different ages 2105: 1840: 1643:, the skull is also relatively narrow. 1619:lined by prominent ridges and a narrow 865:Among the described subspecies, a 1989 521:) in the southern half of the country. 7841: 5589:Schooley, R.L. and Branch, L.C. 2005. 5411:Musser, G.G. and Carleton, M.D. 2005. 5406:United States National Museum Bulletin 5203:Humphrey, S.R. and Setzer, H.W. 1989. 5136:complex: evidence for multiple species 4829:Carleton, M.D. and Musser, G.G. 1989. 4736:Benson, D.E. and Gehlbach, F.R. 1979. 4628:Eubanks et al., 2011, pp. 558–559 4427:Brunjes and Webster, 2003, p. 654 4283: 4269: 4104: 4086: 4077: 4002:Edmonds and Stetson, 1995, p. 274 3984:Childs and Cosgrove, 1966, p. 309 3953: 3951: 3949: 3778:Carleton and Musser, 1984, p. 292 3521:Stalling and Haynes, 1982, p. 306 3512:Stalling and Haynes, 1982, p. 301 3416:Humphrey and Setzer, 1989, p. 558 3273: 3271: 3269: 3267: 3230: 3228: 3156: 3144:Hanson et al., 2010, figs. 1, 3–4 3117: 3090: 3078: 3069: 3066:Humphrey and Setzer, 1989, p. 557 2999: 2997: 2940:Audubon and Bachman, 1854, p. 216 2886: 2856: 2854: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2830: 2828: 2809: 2807: 2797: 2795: 2768:Audubon and Bachman, 1854, p. 214 2752: 2750: 2713: 2711: 2319: 1885:In poor conditions, the weight of the 897:from the rest of the range (including 828:In 1973, rice rats were discovered at 7445: 7444: 5828: 5560:Schmidly, D.J. and Davis, W.B. 2004. 5493:Animal models for periodontal disease 5402:List of North American Recent mammals 5039:Inter-island movements of rice rats ( 4646:Schmidly and Davis, 2004, p. 382 4478: 4469: 4460: 4448: 4185:Schmidly and Davis, 2004, p. 381 4140: 3898:Carleton and Musser, 1989, p. 44 3880:Carleton and Musser, 1989, p. 43 3853:Carleton and Musser, 1989, p. 42 3787:Carleton and Musser, 1989, p. 37 3781: 3706:Carleton and Musser, 1989, p. 30 3688:Carleton and Musser, 1989, p. 29 3661: 3658:Carleton and Musser, 1989, p. 26 3649:Spitzer and Lazell, 1978, p. 788 3640: 3628:Carleton and Musser, 1989, p. 25 3565:Hooper and Musser, 1964, table 1 3533: 3503: 3487: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3446: 3410: 3398: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3316:Carleton and Musser, 1989, p. 23 3183: 3060: 2969: 2967: 2931: 2874:Spitzer and Lazell, 1978, p. 787 2863: 2785: 2783: 2687:found that rice rats accumulate more 2590: 1717:, is present, but not as large as in 1367:east of the Mississippi River delta. 1065:) is known as the "silver rice rat". 5778:Mammals of the Eastern United States 5699:Life history of the Texas rice rat ( 5373:Guide to the mammals of Pennsylvania 5192:Hooper, E.T. and Musser, G.G. 1964. 4700:Audubon, J.J. and Bachman, J. 1854. 4400: 4158:Forys and Duesser, 1993, p. 411 3808: 3754: 3545: 3460: 3307: 3195: 3165: 3051: 2952: 2759: 1926:A marsh rice rat walking on mesh in 1650:, openings in the front part of the 1289:are present. The Florida Keys form, 903:Mammals of the Eastern United States 7849:IUCN Red List least concern species 5515:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 5037:Forys, E.A. and Dueser, R.D. 1993. 4957:Copulatory behaviour of rice rats ( 4887:Description of a new subspecies of 4855:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 4661: 4556:McIntyre et al., 2005, p. 1048 4547:McIntyre et al., 2005, p. 1043 4349: 3946: 3556:Hooper and Musser, 1964, p. 13 3380: 3344: 3264: 3255: 3225: 3216: 3207: 3006: 2994: 2922: 2851: 2837: 2825: 2816: 2804: 2792: 2771: 2747: 2729:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2708: 1511:among oryzomyines examined. On the 1398:includes 56 chromosomes and a 734:and two miles (3 km) north of 671:from elsewhere in Florida in 1898. 605:was erroneous and introduced a new 480:(marsh rice rat) into northwestern 430:. The species is part of the genus 13: 5813:Wolfe, J.L. and Esher, R.J. 1981. 5712:Voss, R.S. and Linzey, A.V. 1981. 5647:Sofaer, J.A. and Shaw, J.H. 1971. 5233:Kays, R.W. and Wilson, D.E. 2000. 4922:Cohen, M.E. and Meyer, D.M. 1993. 4778:, eggs in coastal North Carolina. 4704:. New York: V. G. Audubon, 348 pp. 4337:Abuzeineh et al., 2007, p. 75 3966:Wolfe and Esher, 1981, p. 489 3601:Hooper and Musser, 1964, p. 7 3478: 3407:Kays and Wilson, 2000, p. 108 3328: 2964: 2780: 2268:among external parasites and many 1595:, the flattened front part of the 980:containing various populations of 722:Merriam) in southern Florida; and 14: 7885: 5362:) of the United States and Mexico 5358:Synopsis of the rice rats (genus 5222:Hunt, R.H. and Ogden, J.J. 1991. 4751:Bloch, C.P. and Rose, R.K. 2005. 4436:Hunt and Ogden, 1991, p. 450 4292:Bloch and Rose, 2005, p. 302 4074:Richards, 1980, pp. 426, 429 3500:Sofaer and Shaw, 1971, p. 99 3192:Stone and Cram, 1903, p. 130 651:Species boundaries and subspecies 5740:Kyphosis in the marsh rice rat ( 5132:Molecular divergence within the 5005:Swimming behavior of rice rats ( 4649: 4640: 4631: 4622: 4613: 4604: 4595: 4592:Kosoy et al., 1997, table 2 4586: 4577: 4568: 4559: 4550: 4541: 4538:Oz and Puleo, 2011, pp. 2–3 4532: 4523: 4514: 4505: 4487: 4439: 4430: 4421: 4412: 4391: 4370: 4340: 4331: 4322: 4313: 4304: 4295: 4260: 4251: 4242: 4233: 4224: 4215: 4206: 4197: 4188: 4179: 4170: 4161: 4152: 4131: 4122: 4113: 4095: 4068: 4065:Richards, 1980, pp. 429–430 4059: 4050: 4041: 4032: 4023: 4014: 4005: 3996: 3993:Edmonds et al., 2003, p. 41 3987: 3978: 3969: 3960: 3937: 3928: 3919: 3910: 3901: 3892: 3883: 3874: 3865: 3856: 3847: 3838: 3829: 3820: 3799: 3790: 3772: 3763: 3745: 3736: 3475:Cantrell et al., 2009, p. 1 3162:Hanson et al., 2010, p. 342 3153:Hanson et al., 2010, fig. 5 3126:Hanson et al., 2010, p. 337 2190:); snakes such as cottonmouths ( 1475: 1445: 1410:, but may be too variable among 1347:to be substantially lighter and 873:from much of Florida (including 524: 81: 16:North American species of rodent 5688:Stone, W. and Cram, W.E. 1903. 5534:Richards, R.L. 1980. Rice rat ( 5491:Oz, H.S. and Puleo, D.A. 2011. 5151:The American Journal of Science 4774:, predation on Forster's tern, 4655:Smith et al., 2002, p. 261 4574:Kosoy et al., 1996, p. 574 4502:Negus et al., 1961, p. 103 4367:Otto et al., 2004, p. 1922 4248:Leopard, 1979, pp. 643–645 3727: 3718: 3709: 3700: 3691: 3682: 3673: 3652: 3631: 3622: 3613: 3604: 3595: 3586: 3577: 3568: 3559: 3524: 3515: 3494: 3469: 3437: 3428: 3419: 3389: 3371: 3362: 3353: 3325:Esher et al., 1978, p. 551 3319: 3298: 3289: 3280: 3246: 3237: 3174: 3147: 3138: 3129: 3108: 3099: 3042: 3033: 3024: 3015: 2991:Merriam, 1901, pp. 276–277 2985: 2976: 2943: 2913: 2904: 2895: 2877: 2685:Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant 2376:is eaten by the marsh rice rat. 2287:Parasites of the marsh rice rat 1861:. Between the second and third 1039: 821:) in southern Texas and nearby 573:The quadrupeds of North America 309:Oryzomys palustris planirostris 5486:Journal of Experimental Botany 5054:The rice rats of North America 4798:X chromosome inactivation and 4301:Wang et al., 2005, p. 576 3466:Hershkovitz, 1987, p. 154 3377:Weksler, 2006, pp. 79, 81 3096:Wang et al., 2005, p. 581 3087:Wang et al., 2005, p. 575 2284:among internal parasites (see 2009:, into central Texas, eastern 1246:=Number of specimens measured. 1068: 613:. The name combines the Greek 1: 5553:, in Virginia tidal marshes. 5475:Journal of Medical Entomology 5391:(Coues' oryzomys) in Honduras 5312:American Journal of Pathology 4785:Cameron, G.N. and Scheel, D. 3925:Weksler, 2006, pp. 52–53 3805:Weksler, 2006, pp. 44–49 3796:Weksler, 2006, pp. 43–44 3769:Weksler, 2006, pp. 41–42 3742:Weksler, 2006, pp. 40–41 3724:Weksler, 2006, pp. 38–39 3697:Goldman, 1918, pp. 23–27 3583:Weksler, 2006, pp. 56–57 3574:Weksler, 2006, pp. 55–56 3443:Weksler, 2006, pp. 58–59 2901:Weksler et al., 2006, table 1 2702: 2017:, central Illinois, southern 1880: 7874:Taxa named by Richard Harlan 7859:Rodents of the United States 5748:Journal of Wildlife Diseases 5605:The wild mammals of Missouri 4669:Response of marsh rice rat ( 4137:Eubanks et al., 2011, p. 552 3277:Hamilton, 1955, table 1 3030:Hall, 1960, pp. 172–173 2691:, but less heavy metal than 2646:, the bacterium that causes 1777:on the upper molars and the 1611:. The narrowest part of the 1543:glands and a single pair of 1179:O. p. planirostris 589:, and also recorded it from 575:, Bachman redescribed it as 285:Oryzomys palustris coloratus 7: 5797:The Southwestern Naturalist 5701:Oryzomys palustris texensis 5664:) from Florida's Lower Keys 5555:Virginia Journal of Science 5504:The influence of rice rats 5114:The Southwestern Naturalist 5047:American Midland Naturalist 4906:American Midland Naturalist 4880:The Southwestern Naturalist 4677:The Southwestern Naturalist 4484:Dewsbury, 1970, p. 274 4475:Dewsbury, 1970, p. 271 4466:Dewsbury, 1970, p. 269 4457:Dewsbury, 1970, p. 268 4194:Goodyear, 1992, p. 190 3057:Goodyear, 1991, p. 423 2359:from that of the rice rat. 1954:, and the southern half of 1656:posterolateral palatal pits 1057:; and "Texas rice rat" for 847:Mammal Species of the World 750:described a new species of 639:, with the marsh rice rat ( 551:Academy of Natural Sciences 465: 317:Oryzomys palustris sanibeli 293:Oryzomys natator floridanus 277:Oryzomys palustris texensis 10: 7890: 5677:Oryzomys palustris natator 4673:) to inundation of habitat 4619:Merritt, 1987, p. 176 4529:Steward, 1951, p. 429 4266:Webster, 1987, p. 172 4149:Kruchek, 2004, p. 569 3012:Dalquest, 1965, p. 70 2860:Hamilton, 1955, p. 85 2848:Hamilton, 1955, p. 83 2834:Hibbard, 1955, p. 213 2822:Merriam, 1901, p. 277 2488:Reproduction and lifecycle 2412:dimethylsulfoniopropionate 2202:Alligator mississippiensis 1986:, but are absent from the 1323:). The Florida Keys form ( 720:O. natator floridanus 687:to be nearly identical to 268:Oryzomys palustris natator 7869:Mammals described in 1837 7743: 7453: 7415: 7386: 7357: 7335: 7306: 7277: 7253: 7231: 7207: 7134: 7112: 6970: 6843: 6819: 6767: 6661: 6611: 6540: 6518: 6489: 6467: 6431: 6375: 6353: 6289: 6253: 6182: 6125: 6103: 6081: 6017: 5993: 5971: 5939: 5910: 5866: 5817:(subscription required). 5795:(subscription required). 5770:American Museum Novitates 5731:(subscription required). 5705:(subscription required). 5681:(subscription required). 5666:(subscription required). 5640:(subscription required). 5596:(subscription required). 5582:(subscription required). 5513:(subscription required). 5484:(subscription required). 5458:(subscription required). 5442:Tulane Studies in Zoology 5434:Ecology of the rice rat, 5338:(subscription required). 5295:(subscription required). 5265:(subscription required). 5251:in rodents in Tennessee. 5226:(subscription required). 5215:(subscription required). 5163:(subscription required). 5138:(subscription required). 5112:(subscription required). 5095:(subscription required). 5084:(subscription required). 5070:(subscription required). 5045:(subscription required). 5030:(subscription required). 5015:(subscription required). 4987:Physiology & Behavior 4985:(subscription required). 4972:Journal of Vector Ecology 4963:(subscription required). 4948:(subscription required). 4937:(subscription required). 4926:(subscription required). 4915:(subscription required). 4904:(subscription required). 4878:(subscription required). 4789:(subscription required). 4780:Canadian Field-Naturalist 4763:(subscription required). 4761:in Virginia tidal marshes 4744:(subscription required). 4675:(subscription required). 4511:Svihla, 1931, p. 238 4328:Wolfe, 1982, pp. 1–2 4310:Wolfe, 1982, pp. 2–3 3943:Weksler, 2006, p. 54 3889:Weksler, 2006, p. 49 3817:Weksler, 2006, p. 44 3760:Weksler, 2006, p. 42 3733:Weksler, 2006, p. 40 3715:Weksler, 2006, p. 37 3610:Weksler, 2006, p. 57 3434:Weksler, 2006, p. 59 3386:Goldman, 1918, p. 20 3350:Weksler, 2006, p. 23 3261:Goldman, 1918, p. 23 3234:Goldman, 1918, p. 27 3222:Goldman, 1918, p. 26 3213:Goldman, 1918, p. 25 3003:Goldman, 1918, p. 22 2928:Chapman, 1893, p. 43 2919:Musser and Carleton, 2005 2789:Chapman, 1893, p. 44 2756:Harlan, 1837, p. 385 2689:polychlorinated biphenyls 2632:normally associated with 1462:O. p. coloratus 1454:O. p. palustris 1437:Male reproductive anatomy 1416:X chromosome inactivation 1237: 1139:O. p. coloratus 1099:O. p. palustris 1055:O. p. coloratus 842:O. palustris natator 783:O. p. coloratus 775:O. p. palustris 716:O. p. coloratus 708:O. p. palustris 629:of the now-defunct genus 583:then placed in the genus 541:, but sent a specimen to 239: 232: 221: 212: 193: 186: 78:Scientific classification 76: 54: 45: 36: 23: 5467:Ticks and antibodies to 5449:Florida Field Naturalist 5235:Mammals of North America 5185:) in southern Illinois. 5156:Hershkovitz, P.M. 1987. 4928:Archives of Oral Biology 4520:Lodge, 2005, p. 177 3204:Eliot, 1905, p. 181 3171:Baird, 1857, p. 482 2910:Weksler, 2006, p. 3 2813:Bangs, 1898, p. 189 2801:Allen, 1894, p. 177 2777:Baird, 1857, p. 459 1968:O. p. fossilis 1918:Distribution and habitat 1724: 1664:sphenopalatine vacuities 1558: 1429:mutation. At about 50%, 1199:O. p. sanibeli 1159:O. p. texensis 1059:O. p. texensis 1008:also placed examples of 787:O. p. texensis 724:O. p. texensis 667:from Texas in 1894, and 609:for the marsh rice rat, 456:many different parasites 329:Spitzer and Lazell, 1978 5642:Environmental Pollution 4950:Journal of Paleontology 4939:Journal of Paleontology 4765:Northeastern Naturalist 4759:Microtus pennsylvanicus 4753:Population dynamics of 4731:Ohio Journal of Science 4376:Reid, 2006, p. 303 2362: 2357:differentiate its niche 2345:Microtus pennsylvanicus 1897:and the lethal dose of 1759:usual in muroid rodents 1613:region between the eyes 1526:Holochilus brasiliensis 1499:covered by small spines 1119:O. p. natator 1051:O. p. natator 1030:genetic species concept 779:O. p. natator 712:O. p. natator 700:Edward Alphonso Goldman 599:Spencer Fullerton Baird 358:. It usually occurs in 5819:Environmental Research 5683:The Journal of Hygiene 5660:A new rice rat (genus 5228:Journal of Herpetology 5213:) of the United States 4418:Post, 1981, p. 40 4409:Post, 1981, p. 35 4355:Wolfe, 1982, p. 3 3957:Wolfe, 1982, p. 2 3491:Wolfe, 1982, p. 4 3341:Wolfe, 1982, p. 1 2377: 2193:Agkistrodon piscivorus 2119: 1931: 1871:entepicondylar foramen 1814: 1734: 1670:in the head is highly 1605:sphenopalatine foramen 1456:, at the right is the 1301: 789: 663:from Florida in 1893, 655:In the 1890s, several 7715:Paleobiology Database 5733:Conservation Genetics 5091:Goodyear, N.C. 1992. 5077:Goodyear, N.C. 1991. 5063:Goodyear, N.C. 1987. 4955:Dewsbury, D.A. 1970. 4944:Dalquest, W.W. 1965. 4933:Dalquest, W.W. 1962. 4844:Cassola, F. (2017) . 2718:Cassola, F. (2017) . 2407:Spartina alterniflora 2373:Spartina alterniflora 2370: 2149:round-tailed muskrats 2133:red-winged blackbirds 2129:Cistothorus palustris 2113: 1925: 1835:anterolabial cingulum 1812: 1800:anteromedian fossette 1732: 1676:subsquamosal fenestra 1299: 966:alcohol dehydrogenase 772: 597:. Three years later, 382:and northeasternmost 280:J.A. Allen, 1894 228:is also shown (red). 7428:Ekbletomys hypenemus 5962:A. praeuniversitatis 5791:Winkler, A.J. 1990. 5738:Webster, W.D. 1987. 5707:Journal of Mammalogy 5675:The swamp rice rat ( 5673:Steward, J.S. 1951. 5668:Journal of Mammalogy 5584:Journal of Mammalogy 5562:The mammals of Texas 5469:Borrelia burgdorferi 5413:Superfamily Muroidea 5371:Merritt, J.F. 1987. 5356:Merriam, C.H. 1901. 5340:Journal of Mammalogy 5302:Leopard, E.P. 1979. 5297:Journal of Mammalogy 5287:Kruchek, B.L. 2004. 5249:Borrelia burgdorferi 5217:Journal of Mammalogy 5170:Hibbard, C.W. 1955. 5165:Journal of Mammalogy 5140:Journal of Mammalogy 5097:Journal of Mammalogy 5086:Journal of Mammalogy 5072:Journal of Mammalogy 5058:North American Fauna 5052:Goldman, E.A. 1918. 5032:Journal of Mammalogy 5017:Journal of Mammalogy 4891:from the Gulf States 4885:Chapman, F.M. 1893. 4862:: e.T42675A115200837 4791:Journal of Mammalogy 4746:Journal of Mammalogy 2643:Borrelia burgdorferi 2453:Ammodramus maritimus 2106:Behavior and ecology 1841:Postcranial skeleton 1833:. A distinct ridge ( 1384:glandular epithelium 714:in central Florida; 673:Clinton Hart Merriam 5727:Oryzomys argentatus 5335:Peromyscus leucopus 5081:Oryzomys argentatus 5067:Oryzomys argentatus 5009:) and cotton rats ( 2697:Peromyscus leucopus 2515: 2320:Population dynamics 2137:Agelaius phoeniceus 2029:, and southwestern 1849:with both the last 1796:anteromedian flexus 1660:mesopterygoid fossa 1466:Cape Sable, Florida 1427:autosomal recessive 1075: 850:does not recognize 838:Oryzomys argentatus 414:Oryzomys argentatus 326:Oryzomys argentatus 48:Conservation status 7512:oryzomys-palustris 7499:Oryzomys_palustris 7485:Oryzomys palustris 7455:Oryzomys palustris 5804:Oryzomys palustris 5802:Wolfe, J.L. 1982. 5753:Weksler, M. 2006. 5742:Oryzomys palustris 5619:Oryzomys palustris 5593:Oryzomys palustris 5578:Oryzomys palustris 5551:Oryzomys palustris 5510:Ammospiza maritima 5506:Oryzomys palustris 5488:55(404):1919–1925. 5436:Oryzomys palustris 5331:Oryzomys palustris 5306:Oryzomys palustris 5291:Oryzomys palustris 5211:O. argentatus 5207:Oryzomys palustris 5183:Oryzomys palustris 5134:Oryzomys palustris 5109:Oryzomys palustris 5041:Oryzomys palustris 5026:Oryzomys palustris 5007:Oryzomys palustris 4992:Eliot, D.G. 1905. 4981:Oryzomys palustris 4959:Oryzomys palustris 4848:Oryzomys palustris 4772:Oryzomys palustris 4755:Oryzomys palustris 4707:Baird, S.F. 1857. 4682:Allen, J.A. 1894. 4671:Oryzomys palustris 2722:Oryzomys palustris 2622:Playa de Oro virus 2591:Human interactions 2513: 2378: 2145:Ondatra zibethicus 2120: 2100:Delmarva Peninsula 2063:meet; in parts of 1932: 1815: 1735: 1686:, the roof of the 1621:interparietal bone 1585:P. o. planirostris 1400:fundamental number 1380:incisura angularis 1349:P. o. planirostris 1337:P. o. planirostris 1329:P. o. planirostris 1302: 1219:O. argentatus 1073: 998:O. p. planirostris 919:O. argentatus 907:O. p. planirostris 879:O. p. planirostris 852:O. argentatus 790: 728:O. p. planirostris 704:Oryzomys palustris 641:Oryzomys palustris 577:Arvicola oryzivora 539:Arvicola oryzivora 362:habitats, such as 344:Oryzomys palustris 259:Oryzomys palustris 251:Arvicola oryzivora 197:Oryzomys palustris 7864:Rodents of Mexico 7836: 7835: 7702:Open Tree of Life 7447:Taxon identifiers 7438: 7437: 5860: 5855:Species of tribe 5808:Mammalian Species 5787:978-0-8014-3475-4 5697:Svihla, A. 1931. 5613:978-0-8262-1359-4 5598:Acta Theriologica 5570:978-0-292-70241-7 5530:978-0-395-93596-5 5520:Reid, F.A. 2006. 5473:(abstract only). 5428:978-0-8018-8221-0 5381:978-0-8229-5393-7 5323:978-1-56670-614-8 5145:Harlan, R. 1837. 5102:Hall, E.R. 1960. 5011:Sigmodon hispidus 2693:white-footed mice 2624:, are known from 2584: 2583: 2353:Sigmodon hispidus 2349:hispid cotton rat 2250:Mephitis mephitis 1899:potassium cyanide 1853:(neck) and first 1707:masseteric ridges 1648:incisive foramina 1287:interdigital webs 1252: 1251: 1247: 1240: 1034:Oryzomys texensis 748:Claude W. Hibbard 683:, but considered 547:Charles Pickering 428:Oryzomys texensis 416:). Data from the 336: 335: 330: 321: 313: 305: 301:Oryzomys fossilis 297: 289: 281: 272: 264: 255: 247: 179:O. palustris 71: 7881: 7829: 7828: 7816: 7815: 7803: 7802: 7790: 7789: 7777: 7776: 7764: 7763: 7762: 7736: 7735: 7723: 7722: 7710: 7709: 7697: 7696: 7684: 7683: 7671: 7670: 7658: 7657: 7645: 7644: 7632: 7631: 7619: 7618: 7606: 7605: 7593: 7592: 7580: 7579: 7567: 7566: 7554: 7553: 7541: 7540: 7528: 7527: 7515: 7514: 7502: 7501: 7489: 7488: 7487: 7474: 7473: 7472: 7442: 7441: 7046:O. longicaudatus 6470:Microakodontomys 6094:D. albimaculatus 6044:C. maracajuensis 5923:A. galapagoensis 5858: 5849: 5842: 5835: 5826: 5825: 5408:205:i–xii+1–954. 5397:75(5):1003–1010. 5189:83(3–4):162–180. 5123:) from Florida. 4965:Animal Behaviour 4871: 4869: 4867: 4808:4(7):e6252; 1–9. 4714:Bangs, O. 1898. 4662:Literature cited 4656: 4653: 4647: 4644: 4638: 4635: 4629: 4626: 4620: 4617: 4611: 4608: 4602: 4599: 4593: 4590: 4584: 4581: 4575: 4572: 4566: 4563: 4557: 4554: 4548: 4545: 4539: 4536: 4530: 4527: 4521: 4518: 4512: 4509: 4503: 4500: 4494: 4491: 4485: 4482: 4476: 4473: 4467: 4464: 4458: 4455: 4446: 4443: 4437: 4434: 4428: 4425: 4419: 4416: 4410: 4407: 4398: 4395: 4389: 4386: 4377: 4374: 4368: 4365: 4356: 4353: 4347: 4344: 4338: 4335: 4329: 4326: 4320: 4317: 4311: 4308: 4302: 4299: 4293: 4290: 4281: 4278: 4267: 4264: 4258: 4255: 4249: 4246: 4240: 4237: 4231: 4228: 4222: 4219: 4213: 4210: 4204: 4201: 4195: 4192: 4186: 4183: 4177: 4174: 4168: 4165: 4159: 4156: 4150: 4147: 4138: 4135: 4129: 4126: 4120: 4117: 4111: 4108: 4102: 4099: 4093: 4090: 4084: 4081: 4075: 4072: 4066: 4063: 4057: 4054: 4048: 4045: 4039: 4036: 4030: 4027: 4021: 4018: 4012: 4009: 4003: 4000: 3994: 3991: 3985: 3982: 3976: 3973: 3967: 3964: 3958: 3955: 3944: 3941: 3935: 3932: 3926: 3923: 3917: 3914: 3908: 3905: 3899: 3896: 3890: 3887: 3881: 3878: 3872: 3869: 3863: 3860: 3854: 3851: 3845: 3842: 3836: 3833: 3827: 3824: 3818: 3815: 3806: 3803: 3797: 3794: 3788: 3785: 3779: 3776: 3770: 3767: 3761: 3758: 3752: 3749: 3743: 3740: 3734: 3731: 3725: 3722: 3716: 3713: 3707: 3704: 3698: 3695: 3689: 3686: 3680: 3677: 3671: 3668: 3659: 3656: 3650: 3647: 3638: 3635: 3629: 3626: 3620: 3617: 3611: 3608: 3602: 3599: 3593: 3590: 3584: 3581: 3575: 3572: 3566: 3563: 3557: 3554: 3543: 3540: 3531: 3528: 3522: 3519: 3513: 3510: 3501: 3498: 3492: 3489: 3476: 3473: 3467: 3464: 3458: 3455: 3444: 3441: 3435: 3432: 3426: 3423: 3417: 3414: 3408: 3405: 3396: 3393: 3387: 3384: 3378: 3375: 3369: 3366: 3360: 3357: 3351: 3348: 3342: 3339: 3326: 3323: 3317: 3314: 3305: 3302: 3296: 3293: 3287: 3284: 3278: 3275: 3262: 3259: 3253: 3250: 3244: 3241: 3235: 3232: 3223: 3220: 3214: 3211: 3205: 3202: 3193: 3190: 3181: 3178: 3172: 3169: 3163: 3160: 3154: 3151: 3145: 3142: 3136: 3133: 3127: 3124: 3115: 3112: 3106: 3103: 3097: 3094: 3088: 3085: 3076: 3073: 3067: 3064: 3058: 3055: 3049: 3046: 3040: 3037: 3031: 3028: 3022: 3019: 3013: 3010: 3004: 3001: 2992: 2989: 2983: 2980: 2974: 2971: 2962: 2959: 2950: 2947: 2941: 2938: 2929: 2926: 2920: 2917: 2911: 2908: 2902: 2899: 2893: 2890: 2884: 2881: 2875: 2872: 2861: 2858: 2849: 2846: 2835: 2832: 2823: 2820: 2814: 2811: 2802: 2799: 2790: 2787: 2778: 2775: 2769: 2766: 2757: 2754: 2745: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2715: 2516: 2512: 2510:, and deermice. 1863:caudal vertebrae 1752: 1750: 1749: 1746: 1711:capsular process 1641:P. o. argentatus 1589:P. o. argentatus 1534:preputial glands 1517:subapical lobule 1513:urethral process 1479: 1449: 1423:retrotransposons 1357:P. o. argentatus 1345:P. o. argentatus 1325:P. o. argentatus 1291:P. o. argentatus 1242: 1238: 1093:Hindfoot length 1076: 1072: 1063:O. p. argentatus 891:O. p. argentatus 887:O. p. floridanus 756:O. fossilis 746:. Also in 1955, 681:O. p. floridanus 328: 319: 311: 303: 295: 287: 279: 270: 262: 253: 245: 217: 199: 86: 85: 65: 60: 59: 41: 27:Temporal range: 21: 20: 7889: 7888: 7884: 7883: 7882: 7880: 7879: 7878: 7839: 7838: 7837: 7832: 7824: 7819: 7811: 7806: 7798: 7793: 7785: 7780: 7772: 7767: 7758: 7757: 7752: 7739: 7731: 7726: 7718: 7713: 7705: 7700: 7692: 7689:Observation.org 7687: 7679: 7674: 7666: 7661: 7653: 7648: 7640: 7635: 7627: 7622: 7614: 7609: 7601: 7596: 7588: 7583: 7575: 7570: 7562: 7557: 7549: 7544: 7536: 7531: 7523: 7518: 7510: 7505: 7497: 7492: 7483: 7482: 7477: 7468: 7467: 7462: 7449: 7439: 7434: 7411: 7382: 7353: 7331: 7302: 7273: 7249: 7227: 7203: 7130: 7108: 7053:O. magellanicus 6966: 6954:O. sydandersoni 6839: 6815: 6763: 6723:N. maculiventer 6657: 6607: 6536: 6514: 6485: 6480:M. transitorius 6463: 6427: 6371: 6349: 6316:H. megacephalus 6285: 6266:H. brasiliensis 6249: 6178: 6121: 6099: 6077: 6013: 5989: 5967: 5935: 5906: 5862: 5853: 5644:119(2):261–268. 5633:(abstract only) 5502:Post, W. 1981. 5389:Oryzomys couesi 5255:3(3–4):130–134. 5160:Oryzomys couesi 5105:Oryzomys couesi 5049:130(2):408–412. 4865: 4863: 4815:Oryzomys couesi 4782:117(4):654–657. 4776:Sterna forsteri 4740:Oryzomys couesi 4664: 4659: 4654: 4650: 4645: 4641: 4636: 4632: 4627: 4623: 4618: 4614: 4609: 4605: 4600: 4596: 4591: 4587: 4582: 4578: 4573: 4569: 4564: 4560: 4555: 4551: 4546: 4542: 4537: 4533: 4528: 4524: 4519: 4515: 4510: 4506: 4501: 4497: 4492: 4488: 4483: 4479: 4474: 4470: 4465: 4461: 4456: 4449: 4444: 4440: 4435: 4431: 4426: 4422: 4417: 4413: 4408: 4401: 4396: 4392: 4387: 4380: 4375: 4371: 4366: 4359: 4354: 4350: 4345: 4341: 4336: 4332: 4327: 4323: 4318: 4314: 4309: 4305: 4300: 4296: 4291: 4284: 4279: 4270: 4265: 4261: 4256: 4252: 4247: 4243: 4238: 4234: 4229: 4225: 4220: 4216: 4211: 4207: 4202: 4198: 4193: 4189: 4184: 4180: 4175: 4171: 4166: 4162: 4157: 4153: 4148: 4141: 4136: 4132: 4127: 4123: 4118: 4114: 4109: 4105: 4100: 4096: 4091: 4087: 4082: 4078: 4073: 4069: 4064: 4060: 4055: 4051: 4046: 4042: 4037: 4033: 4028: 4024: 4019: 4015: 4010: 4006: 4001: 3997: 3992: 3988: 3983: 3979: 3974: 3970: 3965: 3961: 3956: 3947: 3942: 3938: 3933: 3929: 3924: 3920: 3915: 3911: 3906: 3902: 3897: 3893: 3888: 3884: 3879: 3875: 3870: 3866: 3861: 3857: 3852: 3848: 3843: 3839: 3834: 3830: 3825: 3821: 3816: 3809: 3804: 3800: 3795: 3791: 3786: 3782: 3777: 3773: 3768: 3764: 3759: 3755: 3750: 3746: 3741: 3737: 3732: 3728: 3723: 3719: 3714: 3710: 3705: 3701: 3696: 3692: 3687: 3683: 3678: 3674: 3669: 3662: 3657: 3653: 3648: 3641: 3636: 3632: 3627: 3623: 3618: 3614: 3609: 3605: 3600: 3596: 3591: 3587: 3582: 3578: 3573: 3569: 3564: 3560: 3555: 3546: 3541: 3534: 3529: 3525: 3520: 3516: 3511: 3504: 3499: 3495: 3490: 3479: 3474: 3470: 3465: 3461: 3456: 3447: 3442: 3438: 3433: 3429: 3424: 3420: 3415: 3411: 3406: 3399: 3394: 3390: 3385: 3381: 3376: 3372: 3367: 3363: 3358: 3354: 3349: 3345: 3340: 3329: 3324: 3320: 3315: 3308: 3303: 3299: 3294: 3290: 3285: 3281: 3276: 3265: 3260: 3256: 3251: 3247: 3242: 3238: 3233: 3226: 3221: 3217: 3212: 3208: 3203: 3196: 3191: 3184: 3179: 3175: 3170: 3166: 3161: 3157: 3152: 3148: 3143: 3139: 3134: 3130: 3125: 3118: 3113: 3109: 3104: 3100: 3095: 3091: 3086: 3079: 3074: 3070: 3065: 3061: 3056: 3052: 3047: 3043: 3038: 3034: 3029: 3025: 3020: 3016: 3011: 3007: 3002: 2995: 2990: 2986: 2981: 2977: 2972: 2965: 2960: 2953: 2948: 2944: 2939: 2932: 2927: 2923: 2918: 2914: 2909: 2905: 2900: 2896: 2891: 2887: 2882: 2878: 2873: 2864: 2859: 2852: 2847: 2838: 2833: 2826: 2821: 2817: 2812: 2805: 2800: 2793: 2788: 2781: 2776: 2772: 2767: 2760: 2755: 2748: 2738: 2736: 2716: 2709: 2705: 2669:protected areas 2626:Oryzomys couesi 2593: 2525:Body mass (oz) 2504:Coolidge effect 2490: 2467:Sterna forsteri 2449:seaside sparrow 2365: 2322: 2258:ticks and mites 2153:Neofiber alleni 2108: 2061:Oryzomys couesi 2013:, southwestern 1996:glacial refugia 1942:, southeastern 1920: 1883: 1843: 1743: 1742: 1727: 1688:tympanic cavity 1637:P. o. palustris 1625:P. o. coloratus 1593:zygomatic plate 1581:maxillary bones 1561: 1553:vesicular gland 1509:Oryzomys couesi 1487: 1486: 1485: 1484: 1483: 1480: 1471: 1470: 1469: 1450: 1439: 1408:Oryzomys couesi 1404:sex chromosomes 1339:, or brownish ( 1317:P. o. coloratus 1313:P. o. palustris 1210:123.6 (111–138) 1207:257.5 (233–274) 1190:129.6 (108–128) 1187:247.5 (226–266) 1173:29 (28.5–30.5) 1150:143.5 (123–171) 1147:283.0 (250–326) 1130:140.6 (122–173) 1127:281.2 (246–318) 1071: 1042: 990:O. p. coloratus 986:O. p. palustris 915:O. p. palustris 895:O. p. palustris 875:O. p. coloratus 794:Oryzomys couesi 692:O. p. palustris 669:O. p. coloratus 653: 527: 510:Oryzomys couesi 487:O. gorgasi 468: 439:Oryzomys couesi 350:North American 225:Oryzomys couesi 208: 201: 195: 182: 80: 72: 61: 57: 50: 32: 25: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7887: 7877: 7876: 7871: 7866: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7834: 7833: 7831: 7830: 7817: 7804: 7791: 7778: 7765: 7749: 7747: 7741: 7740: 7738: 7737: 7724: 7711: 7698: 7685: 7672: 7659: 7646: 7633: 7620: 7607: 7594: 7581: 7568: 7555: 7542: 7529: 7516: 7503: 7490: 7475: 7459: 7457: 7451: 7450: 7436: 7435: 7433: 7432: 7421: 7419: 7417:Incertae sedis 7413: 7412: 7410: 7409: 7402: 7394: 7392: 7384: 7383: 7381: 7380: 7373: 7365: 7363: 7360:Transandinomys 7355: 7354: 7352: 7351: 7343: 7341: 7333: 7332: 7330: 7329: 7322: 7314: 7312: 7304: 7303: 7301: 7300: 7297:S. ucayalensis 7293: 7285: 7283: 7275: 7274: 7272: 7271: 7262: 7260: 7251: 7250: 7248: 7247: 7239: 7237: 7229: 7228: 7226: 7225: 7216: 7214: 7205: 7204: 7202: 7201: 7194: 7187: 7179: 7172: 7165: 7158: 7150: 7142: 7140: 7132: 7131: 7129: 7128: 7120: 7118: 7110: 7109: 7107: 7106: 7098: 7091: 7084: 7077: 7070: 7063: 7056: 7049: 7042: 7035: 7028: 7021: 7014: 7007: 7000: 6993: 6986: 6978: 6976: 6968: 6967: 6965: 6964: 6957: 6950: 6943: 6936: 6929: 6922: 6915: 6908: 6901: 6894: 6887: 6880: 6873: 6866: 6859: 6851: 6849: 6841: 6840: 6838: 6837: 6828: 6826: 6817: 6816: 6814: 6813: 6806: 6803:N. narboroughi 6799: 6796:N. fernandinae 6792: 6784: 6775: 6773: 6765: 6764: 6762: 6761: 6754: 6747: 6740: 6733: 6726: 6719: 6712: 6705: 6698: 6691: 6684: 6677: 6674:N. albigularis 6669: 6667: 6659: 6658: 6656: 6655: 6648: 6641: 6634: 6627: 6619: 6617: 6609: 6608: 6606: 6605: 6598: 6591: 6584: 6577: 6570: 6563: 6556: 6548: 6546: 6538: 6537: 6535: 6534: 6526: 6524: 6516: 6515: 6513: 6512: 6505: 6497: 6495: 6487: 6486: 6484: 6483: 6475: 6473: 6465: 6464: 6462: 6461: 6454: 6447: 6444:M. caliginosus 6439: 6437: 6429: 6428: 6426: 6425: 6417: 6409: 6406:M. desmarestii 6401: 6393: 6384: 6382: 6373: 6372: 6370: 6369: 6361: 6359: 6351: 6350: 6348: 6347: 6340: 6333: 6326: 6319: 6312: 6305: 6297: 6295: 6287: 6286: 6284: 6283: 6276: 6269: 6261: 6259: 6251: 6250: 6248: 6247: 6240: 6233: 6226: 6219: 6212: 6205: 6198: 6190: 6188: 6180: 6179: 6177: 6176: 6169: 6162: 6159:E. macconnelli 6155: 6148: 6141: 6133: 6131: 6123: 6122: 6120: 6119: 6111: 6109: 6101: 6100: 6098: 6097: 6089: 6087: 6079: 6078: 6076: 6075: 6068: 6061: 6054: 6047: 6040: 6033: 6025: 6023: 6015: 6014: 6012: 6011: 6002: 6000: 5991: 5990: 5988: 5987: 5979: 5977: 5969: 5968: 5966: 5965: 5957: 5948: 5946: 5937: 5936: 5934: 5933: 5930:A. xanthaeolus 5926: 5918: 5916: 5908: 5907: 5905: 5904: 5898: 5892: 5886: 5880: 5874: 5867: 5864: 5863: 5852: 5851: 5844: 5837: 5829: 5823: 5822: 5811: 5800: 5799:35(2):199–205. 5789: 5773: 5762: 5751: 5750:23(1):171–172. 5736: 5721: 5710: 5709:12(3):238–242. 5695: 5686: 5685:49(4):427–429. 5671: 5670:59(4):787–792. 5656: 5645: 5634: 5615: 5601: 5587: 5586:75(4):914–928. 5572: 5558: 5557:57(3):115–121. 5547: 5532: 5518: 5500: 5489: 5478: 5477:36(5):578–587. 5463: 5452: 5445: 5430: 5409: 5398: 5383: 5369: 5354: 5343: 5325: 5315: 5314:96(2):643–646. 5300: 5299:85(3):569–575. 5285: 5284:57(5):578–588. 5270: 5269:54(6):570–576. 5256: 5245: 5231: 5230:25(4):448–453. 5220: 5219:70(3):557–570. 5201: 5190: 5179: 5168: 5167:68(1):152–154. 5154: 5153:31(2):385–386. 5143: 5142:91(2):336–347. 5128: 5117: 5100: 5099:73(1):186–200. 5089: 5088:72(4):723–730. 5075: 5074:68(3):692–695. 5061: 5050: 5035: 5034:92(3):552–560. 5020: 5019:59(3):551–558. 5001: 4990: 4975: 4968: 4953: 4942: 4941:36(3):568–582. 4931: 4930:38(7):601–606. 4920: 4917:Virus Research 4909: 4908:76(2):309–324. 4898: 4883: 4882:48(2):306–309. 4872: 4841: 4827: 4824: 4813:Review of the 4809: 4794: 4793:82(3):652–680. 4783: 4768: 4767:12(3):295–306. 4749: 4748:60(1):225–228. 4734: 4723: 4712: 4705: 4698: 4680: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4657: 4648: 4639: 4630: 4621: 4612: 4603: 4594: 4585: 4576: 4567: 4558: 4549: 4540: 4531: 4522: 4513: 4504: 4495: 4486: 4477: 4468: 4459: 4447: 4438: 4429: 4420: 4411: 4399: 4390: 4378: 4369: 4357: 4348: 4339: 4330: 4321: 4312: 4303: 4294: 4282: 4268: 4259: 4250: 4241: 4232: 4223: 4214: 4205: 4196: 4187: 4178: 4169: 4160: 4151: 4139: 4130: 4121: 4112: 4103: 4094: 4085: 4076: 4067: 4058: 4049: 4040: 4031: 4022: 4013: 4004: 3995: 3986: 3977: 3968: 3959: 3945: 3936: 3927: 3918: 3909: 3900: 3891: 3882: 3873: 3864: 3855: 3846: 3837: 3828: 3819: 3807: 3798: 3789: 3780: 3771: 3762: 3753: 3744: 3735: 3726: 3717: 3708: 3699: 3690: 3681: 3672: 3660: 3651: 3639: 3630: 3621: 3612: 3603: 3594: 3585: 3576: 3567: 3558: 3544: 3532: 3523: 3514: 3502: 3493: 3477: 3468: 3459: 3445: 3436: 3427: 3418: 3409: 3397: 3388: 3379: 3370: 3361: 3352: 3343: 3327: 3318: 3306: 3297: 3288: 3279: 3263: 3254: 3245: 3236: 3224: 3215: 3206: 3194: 3182: 3173: 3164: 3155: 3146: 3137: 3128: 3116: 3107: 3098: 3089: 3077: 3068: 3059: 3050: 3041: 3032: 3023: 3014: 3005: 2993: 2984: 2975: 2963: 2951: 2942: 2930: 2921: 2912: 2903: 2894: 2885: 2876: 2862: 2850: 2836: 2824: 2815: 2803: 2791: 2779: 2770: 2758: 2746: 2706: 2704: 2701: 2681:climate change 2677:Delaware River 2618:Catacama virus 2592: 2589: 2582: 2581: 2578: 2575: 2571: 2570: 2567: 2564: 2560: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2549: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2538: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2527: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2489: 2486: 2463:Forster's tern 2364: 2361: 2321: 2318: 2280:, and several 2246:striped skunks 2180:Circus cyaneus 2107: 2104: 2085:O. couesi 2040:Dasypus bellus 2000:glacial period 1928:Paynes Prairie 1919: 1916: 1910:is removed or 1882: 1879: 1842: 1839: 1739:dental formula 1726: 1723: 1719:O. couesi 1703:mental foramen 1684:tegmen tympani 1680:squamosal bone 1633:P. o. texensis 1609:O. couesi 1597:zygomatic arch 1560: 1557: 1521:O. couesi 1481: 1474: 1473: 1472: 1451: 1444: 1443: 1442: 1441: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1363:and along the 1353:P. o. sanibeli 1341:P. o. sanibeli 1333:P. o. sanibeli 1306:P. o. texensis 1250: 1249: 1235: 1234: 1231: 1228: 1225: 1222: 1221:(Florida Keys) 1215: 1214: 1211: 1208: 1205: 1202: 1195: 1194: 1191: 1188: 1185: 1182: 1175: 1174: 1171: 1168: 1165: 1162: 1155: 1154: 1151: 1148: 1145: 1142: 1135: 1134: 1131: 1128: 1125: 1122: 1115: 1114: 1111: 1108: 1105: 1102: 1095: 1094: 1091: 1088: 1085: 1080: 1070: 1067: 1041: 1038: 1026:O. couesi 1022:O. couesi 994:O. p. sanibeli 982:O. couesi 911:O. p. sanibeli 899:O. p. texensis 883:O. p. sanibeli 867:morphometrical 856:microsatellite 811:O. couesi 807:O. couesi 803:O. couesi 798:O. couesi 744:Sanibel Island 740:O. p. sanibeli 685:O. p. texensis 665:O. p. texensis 652: 649: 543:Richard Harlan 531:South Carolina 526: 523: 503:of the family 467: 464: 458:and harbors a 354:in the family 340:marsh rice rat 334: 333: 332: 331: 322: 320:Hamilton, 1955 314: 312:Hamilton, 1955 306: 298: 290: 282: 273: 265: 256: 248: 237: 236: 230: 229: 219: 218: 210: 209: 202: 191: 190: 184: 183: 176: 174: 170: 169: 162: 158: 157: 152: 148: 147: 142: 138: 137: 132: 128: 127: 122: 118: 117: 112: 108: 107: 102: 98: 97: 92: 88: 87: 74: 73: 55: 52: 51: 46: 43: 42: 34: 33: 26: 24:Marsh rice rat 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7886: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7846: 7844: 7827: 7822: 7818: 7814: 7809: 7805: 7801: 7796: 7792: 7788: 7783: 7779: 7775: 7770: 7766: 7761: 7755: 7751: 7750: 7748: 7746: 7745:Mus palustris 7742: 7734: 7729: 7725: 7721: 7716: 7712: 7708: 7703: 7699: 7695: 7690: 7686: 7682: 7677: 7673: 7669: 7664: 7660: 7656: 7651: 7647: 7643: 7638: 7634: 7630: 7625: 7621: 7617: 7612: 7608: 7604: 7599: 7595: 7591: 7586: 7582: 7578: 7573: 7569: 7565: 7560: 7556: 7552: 7547: 7543: 7539: 7534: 7530: 7526: 7521: 7517: 7513: 7508: 7504: 7500: 7495: 7491: 7486: 7480: 7476: 7471: 7465: 7461: 7460: 7458: 7456: 7452: 7448: 7443: 7431: 7429: 7423: 7422: 7420: 7418: 7414: 7408: 7407: 7403: 7401: 7400: 7399:Z. brevicauda 7396: 7395: 7393: 7391: 7390: 7385: 7379: 7378: 7377:T. talamancae 7374: 7372: 7371: 7367: 7366: 7364: 7362: 7361: 7356: 7350: 7349: 7345: 7344: 7342: 7340: 7339: 7334: 7328: 7327: 7323: 7321: 7320: 7316: 7315: 7313: 7311: 7310: 7309:Sigmodontomys 7305: 7299: 7298: 7294: 7292: 7291: 7287: 7286: 7284: 7282: 7281: 7276: 7270: 7269: 7268:R. primigenus 7264: 7263: 7261: 7259: 7258: 7252: 7246: 7245: 7241: 7240: 7238: 7236: 7235: 7234:Pseudoryzomys 7230: 7224: 7223: 7218: 7217: 7215: 7213: 7212: 7206: 7200: 7199: 7198:O. peninsulae 7195: 7193: 7192: 7191:O. palustris 7188: 7186: 7185: 7180: 7178: 7177: 7173: 7171: 7170: 7169:O. dimidiatus 7166: 7164: 7163: 7159: 7157: 7156: 7155:O. antillarum 7151: 7149: 7148: 7147:O. albiventer 7144: 7143: 7141: 7139: 7138: 7133: 7127: 7126: 7122: 7121: 7119: 7117: 7116: 7111: 7105: 7104: 7099: 7097: 7096: 7092: 7090: 7089: 7088:O. stramineus 7085: 7083: 7082: 7078: 7076: 7075: 7071: 7069: 7068: 7064: 7062: 7061: 7057: 7055: 7054: 7050: 7048: 7047: 7043: 7041: 7040: 7036: 7034: 7033: 7032:O. fulvescens 7029: 7027: 7026: 7022: 7020: 7019: 7018:O. flavescens 7015: 7013: 7012: 7011:O. destructor 7008: 7006: 7005: 7004:O. chacoensis 7001: 6999: 6998: 6994: 6992: 6991: 6987: 6985: 6984: 6980: 6979: 6977: 6975: 6974: 6969: 6963: 6962: 6961:O. trinitatis 6958: 6956: 6955: 6951: 6949: 6948: 6944: 6942: 6941: 6937: 6935: 6934: 6930: 6928: 6927: 6923: 6921: 6920: 6916: 6914: 6913: 6909: 6907: 6906: 6902: 6900: 6899: 6895: 6893: 6892: 6888: 6886: 6885: 6881: 6879: 6878: 6874: 6872: 6871: 6870:O. catherinae 6867: 6865: 6864: 6860: 6858: 6857: 6856:O. auyantepui 6853: 6852: 6850: 6848: 6847: 6842: 6836: 6835: 6830: 6829: 6827: 6825: 6824: 6818: 6812: 6811: 6807: 6805: 6804: 6800: 6798: 6797: 6793: 6791: 6790: 6789:N. indefessus 6785: 6783: 6782: 6777: 6776: 6774: 6772: 6771: 6766: 6760: 6759: 6755: 6753: 6752: 6751:N. pectoralis 6748: 6746: 6745: 6741: 6739: 6738: 6734: 6732: 6731: 6730:N. meridensis 6727: 6725: 6724: 6720: 6718: 6717: 6713: 6711: 6710: 6706: 6704: 6703: 6699: 6697: 6696: 6692: 6690: 6689: 6685: 6683: 6682: 6681:N. auriventer 6678: 6676: 6675: 6671: 6670: 6668: 6666: 6665: 6660: 6654: 6653: 6649: 6647: 6646: 6642: 6640: 6639: 6635: 6633: 6632: 6628: 6626: 6625: 6621: 6620: 6618: 6616: 6615: 6610: 6604: 6603: 6599: 6597: 6596: 6592: 6590: 6589: 6585: 6583: 6582: 6578: 6576: 6575: 6571: 6569: 6568: 6564: 6562: 6561: 6557: 6555: 6554: 6550: 6549: 6547: 6545: 6544: 6539: 6533: 6532: 6528: 6527: 6525: 6523: 6522: 6517: 6511: 6510: 6506: 6504: 6503: 6502:M. altissimus 6499: 6498: 6496: 6494: 6493: 6488: 6482: 6481: 6477: 6476: 6474: 6472: 6471: 6466: 6460: 6459: 6455: 6453: 6452: 6451:M. robustulus 6448: 6446: 6445: 6441: 6440: 6438: 6436: 6435: 6430: 6424: 6423: 6418: 6416: 6415: 6410: 6408: 6407: 6402: 6400: 6399: 6398:M. curazensis 6394: 6392: 6391: 6386: 6385: 6383: 6381: 6380: 6374: 6368: 6367: 6363: 6362: 6360: 6358: 6357: 6352: 6346: 6345: 6341: 6339: 6338: 6334: 6332: 6331: 6330:H. perenensis 6327: 6325: 6324: 6320: 6318: 6317: 6313: 6311: 6310: 6306: 6304: 6303: 6299: 6298: 6296: 6294: 6293: 6288: 6282: 6281: 6277: 6275: 6274: 6270: 6268: 6267: 6263: 6262: 6260: 6258: 6257: 6252: 6246: 6245: 6244:H. saturatior 6241: 6239: 6238: 6234: 6232: 6231: 6227: 6225: 6224: 6220: 6218: 6217: 6213: 6211: 6210: 6206: 6204: 6203: 6199: 6197: 6196: 6192: 6191: 6189: 6187: 6186: 6181: 6175: 6174: 6170: 6168: 6167: 6163: 6161: 6160: 6156: 6154: 6153: 6149: 6147: 6146: 6142: 6140: 6139: 6135: 6134: 6132: 6130: 6129: 6124: 6118: 6117: 6113: 6112: 6110: 6108: 6107: 6102: 6096: 6095: 6091: 6090: 6088: 6086: 6085: 6080: 6074: 6073: 6069: 6067: 6066: 6062: 6060: 6059: 6055: 6053: 6052: 6048: 6046: 6045: 6041: 6039: 6038: 6034: 6032: 6031: 6027: 6026: 6024: 6022: 6021: 6016: 6010: 6009: 6004: 6003: 6001: 5999: 5998: 5992: 5986: 5985: 5981: 5980: 5978: 5976: 5975: 5974:Amphinectomys 5970: 5964: 5963: 5958: 5956: 5955: 5950: 5949: 5947: 5945: 5944: 5938: 5932: 5931: 5927: 5925: 5924: 5920: 5919: 5917: 5915: 5914: 5909: 5903: 5902:Sigmodontinae 5899: 5897: 5893: 5891: 5887: 5885: 5881: 5879: 5875: 5873: 5869: 5868: 5865: 5861: 5850: 5845: 5843: 5838: 5836: 5831: 5830: 5827: 5820: 5816: 5812: 5809: 5805: 5801: 5798: 5794: 5790: 5788: 5784: 5780: 5779: 5774: 5771: 5767: 5763: 5760: 5756: 5752: 5749: 5745: 5743: 5737: 5734: 5730: 5728: 5722: 5719: 5715: 5711: 5708: 5704: 5702: 5696: 5693: 5692: 5687: 5684: 5680: 5678: 5672: 5669: 5665: 5663: 5657: 5655:26(1):99–109. 5654: 5650: 5646: 5643: 5639: 5635: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5614: 5610: 5606: 5602: 5599: 5595: 5594: 5588: 5585: 5581: 5579: 5573: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5519: 5516: 5512: 5511: 5507: 5501: 5498: 5494: 5490: 5487: 5483: 5479: 5476: 5472: 5470: 5464: 5461: 5457: 5453: 5450: 5446: 5443: 5439: 5437: 5431: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5419: 5414: 5410: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5396: 5392: 5390: 5384: 5382: 5378: 5374: 5370: 5367: 5363: 5361: 5355: 5353:73:1043–1049. 5352: 5348: 5344: 5341: 5337: 5336: 5332: 5326: 5324: 5320: 5316: 5313: 5309: 5307: 5301: 5298: 5294: 5292: 5286: 5283: 5279: 5277: 5271: 5268: 5264: 5263: 5257: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5244: 5243:0-691-07012-1 5240: 5236: 5232: 5229: 5225: 5221: 5218: 5214: 5212: 5208: 5202: 5199: 5195: 5191: 5188: 5184: 5180: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5166: 5162: 5161: 5155: 5152: 5148: 5144: 5141: 5137: 5135: 5129: 5126: 5122: 5118: 5116:5(3):171–173. 5115: 5111: 5110: 5106: 5101: 5098: 5094: 5090: 5087: 5083: 5082: 5076: 5073: 5069: 5068: 5062: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5048: 5044: 5042: 5036: 5033: 5029: 5027: 5021: 5018: 5014: 5012: 5008: 5002: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4988: 4984: 4982: 4976: 4973: 4969: 4966: 4962: 4960: 4954: 4951: 4947: 4943: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4907: 4903: 4899: 4896: 4892: 4890: 4884: 4881: 4877: 4873: 4861: 4857: 4856: 4851: 4849: 4842: 4839: 4835: 4834: 4828: 4825: 4822: 4818: 4816: 4810: 4807: 4803: 4801: 4795: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4766: 4762: 4760: 4756: 4750: 4747: 4743: 4741: 4735: 4733:88(3):99–100. 4732: 4728: 4724: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4710: 4706: 4703: 4699: 4696: 4692: 4691: 4687: 4681: 4678: 4674: 4672: 4666: 4665: 4652: 4643: 4634: 4625: 4616: 4607: 4598: 4589: 4580: 4571: 4562: 4553: 4544: 4535: 4526: 4517: 4508: 4499: 4490: 4481: 4472: 4463: 4454: 4452: 4442: 4433: 4424: 4415: 4406: 4404: 4394: 4385: 4383: 4373: 4364: 4362: 4352: 4343: 4334: 4325: 4316: 4307: 4298: 4289: 4287: 4277: 4275: 4273: 4263: 4254: 4245: 4236: 4227: 4218: 4209: 4200: 4191: 4182: 4173: 4164: 4155: 4146: 4144: 4134: 4125: 4116: 4107: 4098: 4089: 4080: 4071: 4062: 4053: 4044: 4035: 4026: 4017: 4008: 3999: 3990: 3981: 3972: 3963: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3940: 3931: 3922: 3913: 3904: 3895: 3886: 3877: 3868: 3859: 3850: 3841: 3832: 3823: 3814: 3812: 3802: 3793: 3784: 3775: 3766: 3757: 3748: 3739: 3730: 3721: 3712: 3703: 3694: 3685: 3676: 3667: 3665: 3655: 3646: 3644: 3634: 3625: 3616: 3607: 3598: 3589: 3580: 3571: 3562: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3539: 3537: 3527: 3518: 3509: 3507: 3497: 3488: 3486: 3484: 3482: 3472: 3463: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3440: 3431: 3422: 3413: 3404: 3402: 3392: 3383: 3374: 3365: 3356: 3347: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3322: 3313: 3311: 3301: 3292: 3283: 3274: 3272: 3270: 3268: 3258: 3249: 3240: 3231: 3229: 3219: 3210: 3201: 3199: 3189: 3187: 3177: 3168: 3159: 3150: 3141: 3132: 3123: 3121: 3111: 3102: 3093: 3084: 3082: 3072: 3063: 3054: 3045: 3036: 3027: 3018: 3009: 3000: 2998: 2988: 2979: 2970: 2968: 2958: 2956: 2946: 2937: 2935: 2925: 2916: 2907: 2898: 2889: 2880: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2857: 2855: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2831: 2829: 2819: 2810: 2808: 2798: 2796: 2786: 2784: 2774: 2765: 2763: 2753: 2751: 2735: 2731: 2730: 2725: 2723: 2714: 2712: 2707: 2700: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2673:tidal marshes 2670: 2666: 2665:Least Concern 2662: 2661:IUCN Red List 2657: 2655: 2654: 2649: 2645: 2644: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2614: 2610: 2605: 2603: 2602:periodontitis 2599: 2598:J. S. Steward 2588: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2572: 2568: 2565: 2562: 2561: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2550: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2539: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2528: 2524: 2522:Body mass (g) 2521: 2518: 2517: 2511: 2509: 2505: 2500: 2496: 2495:estrous cycle 2485: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2470: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2459: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2441: 2436: 2435: 2430: 2429:fiddler crabs 2425: 2423: 2422: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2408: 2403: 2402: 2397: 2396: 2391: 2390: 2385: 2384: 2375: 2374: 2369: 2360: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2337: 2333: 2331: 2330:Breton Island 2327: 2317: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2294:Periodontitis 2291: 2289: 2288: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2230:Neogale vison 2227: 2226:American mink 2223: 2222:Vulpes vulpes 2219: 2215: 2214:Procyon lotor 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2194: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2160: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2117: 2112: 2103: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2088: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2057: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2041: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2027:West Virginia 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2003: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1978:of Texas and 1977: 1973: 1970:are from the 1969: 1965: 1964:Rancholabrean 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1929: 1924: 1915: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1887:adrenal gland 1878: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1838: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1811: 1807: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1787: 1785: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1740: 1731: 1722: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1695: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1644: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1629:P. o. natator 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1556: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1539: 1535: 1530: 1528: 1527: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1505: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1478: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1448: 1434: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1390:is absent, a 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1368: 1366: 1360: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1321:P. o. natator 1318: 1314: 1311: 1307: 1298: 1294: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1275: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1264:cheek pouches 1261: 1257: 1248: 1245: 1236: 1232: 1229: 1226: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1216: 1213:31.0 (29–33) 1212: 1209: 1206: 1203: 1200: 1197: 1196: 1192: 1189: 1186: 1183: 1180: 1177: 1176: 1172: 1170:120 (108–133) 1169: 1167:242 (226–279) 1166: 1163: 1160: 1157: 1156: 1153:33.4 (31–38) 1152: 1149: 1146: 1143: 1140: 1137: 1136: 1133:33.1 (28–37) 1132: 1129: 1126: 1123: 1120: 1117: 1116: 1113:31 (30–31.5) 1112: 1110:112 (109–116) 1109: 1107:242 (237–245) 1106: 1103: 1100: 1097: 1096: 1092: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1077: 1066: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1047: 1037: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 938: 932: 931:mitochondrial 928: 923: 920: 917:, and placed 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 889:, as well as 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 871:O. p. natator 868: 863: 861: 857: 853: 849: 848: 843: 839: 835: 831: 826: 824: 820: 816: 812: 808: 804: 799: 795: 788: 784: 780: 776: 771: 767: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 690: 686: 682: 678: 677:O. p. natator 674: 670: 666: 662: 661:O. p. natator 658: 648: 646: 642: 638: 634: 633: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 587: 582: 578: 574: 569: 567: 564: 563:specific name 560: 559:Mus palustris 556: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 525:Early history 522: 520: 516: 512: 511: 506: 502: 501:Sigmodontinae 498: 493: 489: 488: 483: 482:South America 479: 478:United States 475: 474: 463: 461: 457: 453: 447: 445: 441: 440: 435: 434: 429: 425: 424: 419: 418:mitochondrial 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 397: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 341: 327: 323: 318: 315: 310: 307: 304:Hibbard, 1955 302: 299: 296:Merriam, 1901 294: 291: 286: 283: 278: 274: 271:Chapman, 1893 269: 266: 260: 257: 254:Bachman, 1854 252: 249: 244: 243:Mus palustris 241: 240: 238: 235: 231: 227: 226: 220: 216: 211: 206: 200: 198: 192: 189: 188:Binomial name 185: 181: 180: 175: 172: 171: 168: 167: 163: 160: 159: 156: 155:Sigmodontinae 153: 150: 149: 146: 143: 140: 139: 136: 133: 130: 129: 126: 123: 120: 119: 116: 113: 110: 109: 106: 103: 100: 99: 96: 93: 90: 89: 84: 79: 75: 69: 64: 63:Least Concern 53: 49: 44: 40: 35: 30: 29:Rancholabrean 22: 19: 7744: 7454: 7425: 7404: 7397: 7389:Zygodontomys 7387: 7375: 7370:T. bolivaris 7368: 7358: 7346: 7336: 7326:S. aphrastus 7324: 7317: 7307: 7295: 7288: 7278: 7266: 7255: 7242: 7232: 7220: 7209: 7196: 7190: 7189: 7182: 7174: 7167: 7160: 7153: 7145: 7135: 7125:O. balneator 7123: 7113: 7101: 7093: 7086: 7081:O. rupestris 7079: 7072: 7065: 7058: 7051: 7044: 7039:O. griseolus 7037: 7030: 7023: 7016: 7009: 7002: 6995: 6988: 6981: 6973:Oligoryzomys 6971: 6959: 6952: 6945: 6940:O. speciosus 6938: 6931: 6924: 6917: 6910: 6903: 6896: 6891:O. flavicans 6889: 6882: 6875: 6868: 6861: 6854: 6844: 6834:N. vespuccii 6832: 6821: 6808: 6801: 6794: 6787: 6779: 6768: 6758:N. pirrensis 6756: 6749: 6742: 6735: 6728: 6721: 6714: 6707: 6700: 6693: 6688:N. caracolus 6686: 6679: 6672: 6662: 6652:N. squamipes 6650: 6643: 6636: 6629: 6622: 6612: 6600: 6593: 6586: 6579: 6572: 6565: 6558: 6551: 6541: 6529: 6519: 6507: 6500: 6492:Microryzomys 6490: 6478: 6468: 6456: 6449: 6442: 6432: 6420: 6414:M. georginae 6412: 6404: 6396: 6388: 6377: 6364: 6354: 6342: 6335: 6328: 6321: 6314: 6307: 6300: 6290: 6278: 6273:H. chacarius 6271: 6264: 6254: 6242: 6237:H. rostratus 6235: 6228: 6223:H. melanotis 6221: 6214: 6207: 6200: 6193: 6183: 6171: 6164: 6157: 6150: 6143: 6136: 6128:Euryoryzomys 6126: 6114: 6106:Eremoryzomys 6104: 6092: 6082: 6070: 6065:C. subflavus 6063: 6056: 6049: 6042: 6037:C. langguthi 6035: 6028: 6018: 6006: 5997:Carletonomys 5995: 5982: 5972: 5960: 5952: 5943:Agathaeromys 5941: 5928: 5921: 5911: 5818: 5807: 5796: 5777: 5769: 5758: 5747: 5741: 5732: 5726: 5717: 5706: 5700: 5690: 5682: 5676: 5667: 5661: 5652: 5641: 5622: 5618: 5604: 5600:50(1):59–66. 5597: 5592: 5583: 5577: 5561: 5554: 5550: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5521: 5514: 5509: 5505: 5499:2011:754857. 5496: 5485: 5474: 5468: 5462:50B:443–447. 5459: 5451:13(2):35–36. 5448: 5444:8(4):93–123. 5441: 5435: 5417: 5405: 5394: 5388: 5372: 5365: 5359: 5350: 5342:79(1):66–77. 5339: 5334: 5330: 5311: 5305: 5296: 5290: 5281: 5275: 5266: 5261: 5252: 5248: 5227: 5216: 5210: 5206: 5197: 5186: 5182: 5175: 5164: 5159: 5150: 5139: 5133: 5124: 5120: 5113: 5108: 5104: 5096: 5085: 5080: 5071: 5066: 5057: 5046: 5040: 5031: 5025: 5016: 5010: 5006: 4997: 4986: 4980: 4974:22(1):13–22. 4971: 4964: 4958: 4952:39(1):63–79. 4949: 4938: 4927: 4919:131:180–188. 4916: 4905: 4894: 4888: 4879: 4864:. Retrieved 4859: 4853: 4847: 4837: 4833:Microryzomys 4832: 4820: 4814: 4805: 4799: 4790: 4779: 4775: 4771: 4764: 4758: 4754: 4745: 4739: 4730: 4719: 4694: 4689: 4685: 4679:52(1):75–78. 4676: 4670: 4651: 4642: 4633: 4624: 4615: 4606: 4597: 4588: 4579: 4570: 4561: 4552: 4543: 4534: 4525: 4516: 4507: 4498: 4489: 4480: 4471: 4462: 4441: 4432: 4423: 4414: 4393: 4372: 4351: 4342: 4333: 4324: 4315: 4306: 4297: 4262: 4253: 4244: 4235: 4226: 4217: 4208: 4199: 4190: 4181: 4172: 4163: 4154: 4133: 4124: 4115: 4106: 4097: 4088: 4079: 4070: 4061: 4052: 4043: 4034: 4025: 4016: 4007: 3998: 3989: 3980: 3971: 3962: 3939: 3930: 3921: 3912: 3903: 3894: 3885: 3876: 3867: 3858: 3849: 3840: 3831: 3822: 3801: 3792: 3783: 3774: 3765: 3756: 3747: 3738: 3729: 3720: 3711: 3702: 3693: 3684: 3675: 3654: 3633: 3624: 3615: 3606: 3597: 3588: 3579: 3570: 3561: 3526: 3517: 3496: 3471: 3462: 3439: 3430: 3421: 3412: 3391: 3382: 3373: 3364: 3355: 3346: 3321: 3300: 3291: 3282: 3257: 3248: 3239: 3218: 3209: 3176: 3167: 3158: 3149: 3140: 3131: 3110: 3101: 3092: 3071: 3062: 3053: 3044: 3035: 3026: 3017: 3008: 2987: 2978: 2945: 2924: 2915: 2906: 2897: 2888: 2879: 2818: 2773: 2737:. Retrieved 2733: 2727: 2721: 2696: 2658: 2651: 2648:Lyme disease 2641: 2637: 2625: 2606: 2594: 2585: 2491: 2477: 2471: 2466: 2456: 2452: 2438: 2432: 2426: 2419: 2405: 2399: 2393: 2387: 2381: 2379: 2371: 2352: 2344: 2338: 2334: 2323: 2292: 2285: 2249: 2241: 2237: 2229: 2221: 2213: 2201: 2191: 2187: 2179: 2167: 2161: 2152: 2144: 2136: 2128: 2121: 2089: 2084: 2060: 2058: 2038: 2031:Pennsylvania 2004: 1991: 1967: 1960:Appalachians 1933: 1908:pineal gland 1884: 1867:hemal arches 1844: 1823:anterolophid 1816: 1788: 1736: 1718: 1696: 1692:mastoid bone 1645: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1608: 1588: 1584: 1569:premaxillary 1562: 1531: 1524: 1520: 1508: 1504:Oligoryzomys 1502: 1488: 1461: 1453: 1411: 1407: 1392:synapomorphy 1388:gall bladder 1369: 1361: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1305: 1303: 1290: 1279:ungual tufts 1276: 1253: 1243: 1241: 1218: 1198: 1178: 1158: 1138: 1118: 1101:(New Jersey) 1098: 1087:Total length 1082: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046:common names 1043: 1040:Common names 1033: 1028:. Using the 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 973: 969: 957: 941: 936: 926: 924: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 870: 864: 851: 845: 841: 837: 834:Florida Keys 827: 810: 806: 802: 797: 793: 791: 786: 782: 778: 774: 762:deposits in 755: 751: 739: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 695: 691: 684: 680: 676: 668: 664: 660: 654: 645:type species 640: 636: 630: 622: 618: 614: 610: 607:generic name 602: 584: 576: 572: 571:In 1854, in 570: 565: 558: 538: 535:John Bachman 528: 518: 508: 491: 485: 471: 469: 448: 437: 431: 427: 422: 413: 410:Florida Keys 402:John Bachman 400: 368:salt marshes 343: 339: 337: 325: 316: 308: 300: 292: 284: 276: 267: 258: 250: 246:Harlan, 1837 242: 223: 196: 194: 178: 177: 165: 18: 7663:NatureServe 7572:iNaturalist 7479:Wikispecies 7406:Z. brunneus 7290:S. melanops 7115:Oreoryzomys 7074:O. nigripes 7060:O. microtis 6990:O. arenalis 6947:O. superans 6912:O. phaeotis 6905:O. paricola 6884:O. concolor 6770:Nesoryzomys 6744:N. nimbosus 6638:N. palmipes 6624:N. apicalis 6602:N. tenuipes 6595:N. spinosus 6531:M. hammondi 6390:M. audreyae 6344:H. yunganus 6309:H. laticeps 6280:H. sciureus 6230:H. rhabdops 6216:H. intectus 6209:H. fuscatus 6202:H. chapmani 6185:Handleyomys 6173:E. russatus 6138:E. emmonsae 6084:Drymoreomys 6051:C. marinhus 5954:A. donovani 5900:Subfamily: 5859:(rice rats) 5857:Oryzomyini 5821:26:486–489. 5546:89:425–431. 5517:9(1):35–40. 5178:12:179–228. 4967:18:266–275. 4866:24 December 4823:331:94–127. 4722:28:157–235. 2609:Bayou virus 2341:meadow vole 2278:pentastomid 2206:carnivorans 2188:Strix varia 2184:barred owls 2176:marsh hawks 2125:marsh wrens 2092:semiaquatic 2021:, southern 1976:Sangamonian 1972:Wisconsinan 1946:, southern 1847:articulates 1819:anteroconid 1763:opisthodont 1601:jugal bones 1491:glans penis 1268:guard hairs 1193:31 (29–33) 1090:Tail length 1069:Description 935:cytochrome 905:recognized 760:Pleistocene 732:Pine Island 718:(including 675:recognized 617:"rice" and 515:cotton rats 421:cytochrome 348:semiaquatic 288:Bangs, 1898 263:Baird, 1857 151:Subfamily: 7843:Categories 7348:S. angouya 7338:Sooretamys 7244:P. simplex 7222:P. nivalis 7211:Pennatomys 7184:O. nelsoni 7176:O. gorgasi 7095:O. vegetus 7067:O. moojeni 7025:O. fornesi 6997:O. brendae 6983:O. andinus 6933:O. rutilus 6926:O. roberti 6898:O. mamorae 6877:O. cleberi 6863:O. bicolor 6823:Noronhomys 6810:N. swarthi 6781:N. darwini 6716:N. levipes 6664:Nephelomys 6631:N. grandis 6581:N. paracou 6574:N. musseri 6567:N. minutus 6560:N. guianae 6553:N. dubosti 6509:M. minutus 6458:M. zunigae 6366:L. molitor 6323:H. oniscus 6302:H. acritus 6256:Holochilus 6195:H. alfaroi 6166:E. nitidus 6152:E. legatus 6030:C. goytaca 6020:Cerradomys 5984:A. savamis 5913:Aegialomys 5896:Cricetidae 5772:3537:1–29. 5761:296:1–149. 5735:6:575–585. 5625:55:25–31. 5368:3:273–295. 5276:Bartonella 4742:) in Texas 4697:6:165–198. 2739:28 January 2703:References 2653:Bartonella 2630:arenavirus 2613:hantavirus 2519:Age (days) 2499:Copulatory 2474:assimilate 2424:at times. 2389:Salicornia 2326:Everglades 2282:coccidians 2244:sp.), and 2198:alligators 2157:anemotaxis 2053:commensals 2045:Quaternary 1988:Upper Keys 1984:Lower Keys 1936:Tamaulipas 1891:dehydrated 1881:Physiology 1827:protoconid 1804:anteroloph 1792:anterocone 1786:(ridges). 1779:mesolophid 1771:brachydont 1431:hematocrit 1376:unilocular 1365:Gulf Coast 1260:brown rats 1079:Population 944:) and two 860:Everglades 830:Cudjoe Key 825:, Mexico. 823:Tamaulipas 815:karyotypes 785:; 4. 781:; 3. 777:; 2. 736:Fort Myers 657:subspecies 637:Hesperomys 632:Hesperomys 555:New Jersey 505:Cricetidae 497:Oryzomyini 460:hantavirus 406:subspecies 384:Tamaulipas 372:New Jersey 356:Cricetidae 145:Cricetidae 7760:Q41007138 7668:2.1142879 7319:S. alfari 7162:O. couesi 7103:O. victus 6737:N. moerex 6709:N. keaysi 6702:N. devius 6695:N. childi 6645:N. rattus 6588:N. pictus 6434:Melanomys 6422:M. luciae 6379:Megalomys 6292:Hylaeamys 6116:E. polius 6058:C. scotti 6008:C. cailoi 5870:Kingdom: 5720:159:1–41. 5623:Microbios 5540:palustris 5200:123:1–57. 5127:68:83–86. 5060:43:1–100. 4989:78:41–49. 4840:191:1–83. 2659:The 2016 2440:Chrysemys 2434:Graptemys 2395:Tripsacum 2298:Vitamin E 2274:digeneans 2270:nematodes 2254:parasites 2218:red foxes 2168:Tyto alba 2081:gene flow 2077:sympatric 1980:Illinoian 1930:, Florida 1912:melatonin 1831:metaconid 1617:braincase 1583:meet. In 1396:karyotype 1201:(Florida) 1181:(Florida) 1141:(Florida) 1121:(Florida) 952:1 of the 948:markers, 643:) as its 566:palustris 396:brown rat 388:commensal 378:south to 173:Species: 101:Kingdom: 95:Eukaryota 7854:Oryzomys 7800:11364909 7754:Wikidata 7655:13000814 7590:10855860 7470:Q1092084 7464:Wikidata 7280:Scolomys 7257:Reigomys 7137:Oryzomys 6614:Nectomys 6543:Neacomys 6521:Mindomys 6356:Lundomys 6337:H. tatei 6145:E. lamia 6072:C. vivoi 5894:Family: 5890:Rodentia 5884:Mammalia 5878:Chordata 5876:Phylum: 5872:Animalia 5810:176:1–5. 5662:Oryzomys 5536:Oryzomys 5420:. 3rd ed 5360:Oryzomys 5121:Oryzomys 5000:6:1–761. 4897:5:43–46. 4889:Oryzomys 4806:PLoS ONE 4690:Oryzomys 2634:woodrats 2580:1.8–2.8 2569:1.4–2.1 2558:1.0–1.4 2547:0.6–1.0 2536:0.3–0.6 2508:hamsters 2482:hoarding 2478:Spartina 2445:deermice 2421:Endogone 2383:Spartina 2314:kyphosis 2302:fluoride 2252:). Many 2210:raccoons 2164:barn owl 2141:muskrats 2116:barn owl 2096:Virginia 2011:Nebraska 2007:Holocene 1956:Kentucky 1952:Illinois 1948:Missouri 1940:Oklahoma 1855:thoracic 1851:cervical 1775:mesoloph 1767:bunodont 1751:× 2 = 16 1699:mandible 1668:arteries 1573:lacrimal 1545:anterior 1541:prostate 1458:holotype 1412:Oryzomys 1310:nominate 1230:121, 132 1227:251, 259 1018:Oryzomys 1010:Oryzomys 968:gene 1 ( 927:Oryzomys 819:sympatry 752:Oryzomys 696:Oryzomys 689:nominate 627:subgenus 623:Oryzomys 611:Oryzomys 603:Arvicola 586:Arvicola 519:Sigmodon 492:Oryzomys 473:Oryzomys 466:Taxonomy 452:barn owl 433:Oryzomys 234:Synonyms 166:Oryzomys 141:Family: 135:Rodentia 125:Mammalia 115:Chordata 111:Phylum: 105:Animalia 91:Domain: 68:IUCN 3.1 7826:1451677 7787:2438101 7733:1451676 7642:1002663 7564:2438095 6846:Oecomys 5888:Order: 5882:Class: 5631:3060702 5262:Neotoma 2675:on the 2638:Neotoma 2310:sucrose 2242:Neogale 2238:Mustela 2234:weasels 2204:); and 2182:), and 2172:pellets 2073:Cameron 2069:Willacy 2019:Indiana 1875:humerus 1784:cingula 1748:1.0.0.3 1745:1.0.0.3 1715:incisor 1697:In the 1672:derived 1577:frontal 1538:ventral 1495:baculum 1372:stomach 1233:32, 32 1161:(Texas) 1014:Adh1-I2 1006:Adh1-I2 972:). The 970:Adh1-I2 946:nuclear 832:in the 758:, from 595:Florida 591:Georgia 549:at the 380:Florida 360:wetland 346:) is a 207:, 1837) 161:Genus: 131:Order: 121:Class: 66: ( 7813:203528 7707:812026 7616:180336 7551:ORYOPA 7538:328431 7507:ARKive 6919:O. rex 5785: 5629: 5611: 5568: 5528: 5426: 5379: 5321: 5241: 2458:Juncus 2401:Elymus 2398:, and 2306:iodide 2304:, and 2264:, and 2065:Kenedy 2049:relict 1944:Kansas 1904:gonads 1859:lumbar 1757:), as 1755:molars 1701:, the 1674:. The 1652:palate 1639:). In 1603:. The 1591:. The 1579:, and 1549:dorsal 1420:LINE-1 1386:. The 1272:mammae 996:, and 962:intron 960:) and 956:gene ( 893:) and 885:, and 764:Kansas 376:Kansas 364:swamps 352:rodent 205:Harlan 7821:WoRMS 7795:IRMNG 7774:44NL4 7728:WoRMS 7720:49458 7694:86182 7681:37020 7629:42675 7603:71144 7585:IRMNG 7577:44470 7525:6SYYN 4686:Lepus 2577:50–80 2566:40–60 2555:27–40 2544:18–27 2266:fleas 2208:like 2147:) or 1725:Teeth 1565:nasal 1559:Skull 1464:from 1256:black 1044:Many 978:clade 964:2 of 933:gene 742:from 730:from 615:oryza 581:voles 444:Texas 392:black 7808:ITIS 7782:GBIF 7676:NCBI 7624:IUCN 7611:ITIS 7559:GBIF 7546:EPPO 5783:ISBN 5627:PMID 5609:ISBN 5566:ISBN 5538:cf. 5526:ISBN 5424:ISBN 5377:ISBN 5333:and 5319:ISBN 5239:ISBN 5209:and 4868:2019 4860:2016 4800:Xist 4757:and 4688:and 2741:2021 2734:2016 2620:and 2533:8–17 2437:and 2416:rice 2363:Diet 2276:, a 2272:and 2262:lice 2240:and 2114:The 2071:and 2035:corn 2023:Ohio 2015:Iowa 1992:Cytb 1974:and 1950:and 1829:and 1737:The 1646:The 1627:and 1567:and 1547:and 1523:and 1507:and 1489:The 1370:The 1351:and 1331:and 1283:pads 1258:and 1004:and 1002:Rbp3 974:Cytb 958:Rbp3 950:exon 942:Cytb 909:and 738:and 593:and 545:and 394:and 374:and 366:and 338:The 7769:CoL 7650:MSW 7637:MDD 7598:ISC 7533:EoL 7520:CoL 7494:ADW 5621:). 2699:). 2574:120 2290:). 2232:), 2224:), 2216:), 2196:); 2139:), 2131:), 2098:'s 1741:is 1460:of 619:mys 533:by 490:). 7845:: 7823:: 7810:: 7797:: 7784:: 7771:: 7756:: 7730:: 7717:: 7704:: 7691:: 7678:: 7665:: 7652:: 7639:: 7626:: 7613:: 7600:: 7587:: 7574:: 7561:: 7548:: 7535:: 7522:: 7509:: 7496:: 7481:: 7466:: 5806:. 5768:. 5757:. 5746:. 5716:. 5651:. 5495:. 5440:. 5404:. 5393:. 5364:. 5349:. 5310:. 5280:. 5196:. 5174:. 5149:. 5056:. 4996:. 4893:. 4858:. 4852:. 4836:. 4819:. 4804:. 4729:. 4718:. 4693:. 4450:^ 4402:^ 4381:^ 4360:^ 4285:^ 4271:^ 4142:^ 3948:^ 3810:^ 3663:^ 3642:^ 3547:^ 3535:^ 3505:^ 3480:^ 3448:^ 3400:^ 3330:^ 3309:^ 3266:^ 3227:^ 3197:^ 3185:^ 3119:^ 3080:^ 2996:^ 2966:^ 2954:^ 2933:^ 2865:^ 2853:^ 2839:^ 2827:^ 2806:^ 2794:^ 2782:^ 2761:^ 2749:^ 2732:. 2726:. 2710:^ 2563:60 2552:40 2541:20 2530:10 2392:, 2386:, 2300:, 2260:, 2067:, 2025:, 2002:. 1895:Gy 1877:. 1865:, 1721:. 1694:. 1575:, 1274:. 1204:11 1184:14 1144:11 1124:10 992:, 988:, 881:, 877:, 754:, 698:, 647:. 446:. 261:: 7430:" 7426:" 7424:† 7265:† 7254:† 7219:† 7208:† 7181:† 7152:† 7100:† 6831:† 6820:† 6786:† 6778:† 6419:† 6411:† 6403:† 6395:† 6387:† 6376:† 6005:† 5994:† 5959:† 5951:† 5940:† 5848:e 5841:t 5834:v 5744:) 5703:) 5308:) 5293:) 5043:) 5013:) 4983:) 4961:) 4870:. 4850:" 4846:" 2743:. 2724:" 2720:" 2695:( 2636:( 2465:( 2451:( 2351:( 2343:( 2248:( 2236:( 2228:( 2220:( 2212:( 2200:( 2186:( 2178:( 2166:( 2151:( 2143:( 2135:( 2127:( 1468:. 1244:n 1224:2 1164:8 1104:4 1083:n 940:( 937:b 517:( 484:( 423:b 342:( 324:? 275:? 203:( 70:)

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