299:. Throughout his writings, Hengel openly recognizes the challenges involved in developing a thorough history of early Christianity. Due to the fact that the sources available to scholars are often found surviving in fragments, as a result, "the sparseness of the sources vitiates our knowledge of large areas of the ancient world". In his article "Raising the Bar: A daring proposal for the future of evangelical New Testament scholarship", Hengel therefore challenges scholars to delve into more extensive biblical research to ensure proper understandings of the texts being established. Hengel's Christology strove to share an accurate illumination of who Jesus was and what he did and sought after as well as the notion that ‘Christianity emerged completely from within Judaism’. After his experience as a soldier in the Second World War, Hengel said:
343:, he documented that the designation of the apostle Paul exclusively as either Jewish or Hellenistic is a misunderstanding. Hengel argues in his writings that despite Paul's controversial rhetoric scholars, along with Jewish and Christian communities, must recognize the historical value of Paul's epistles and Luke's account of Paul's life within the Acts of the Apostles. Hengel recognizes the importance of this awareness because of the multifaceted insight provided about the Second Temple Era and Hellenistic Judaism of the first century within these texts.
160:
136:
115:
92:
78:
62:
49:
303:"As for these specific errors that have affected my own country, today one may say that among the most important insights of our field of study since the Second World War belongs the recognition of how deeply rooted earliest Christianity is in Judaism as its native soil. This implies that the study of the pre-Christian Judaism of the Hellenistic period as a whole, that is, from the fourth century BCE on, is to be included in our field of study. Here Old and New Testament scholars must work hand in hand".
31:
359:
highlights the miracle of the preservation of the letters of Paul and acknowledges, in correlation with the book of Acts (which set the letters within a historical context), we receive the "nucleus of quite a new form of theological writing in earliest
Christianity… and thus also for the New Testament canon".
874:
Contrary to a widespread anti-Lukan scholasticism which is often relatively ignorant of ancient historiography, I regard Acts as a work that was composed soon after the Third Gospel by Luke 'the beloved physician' (Col. 4:14), who accompanied Paul on his travels from the journey with the collection
358:
coining these years as "the unknown years". Between Acts and the letters of Paul, Hengel, among other scholars, attempts to piece together the extent of the missionary work of Paul the apostle. Hengel highlights Paul as an "apostle to all nations" (Rom 11:13) throughout his interpretations. He also
246:
This caused a ten-year struggle for Hengel, who had to study when he could based around his working hours. The strain on his health led to a serious breakdown. He later referred to these ten years as "wasted years" and gave the impression of almost having an inferiority complex about the amount of
307:
Not only did Hengel desire that scholars "work hand in hand" but also was known for supporting scholars of all backgrounds. In 1992 he was
Emeritus Professor of New Testament and Early Judaism at the University of Tübingen. This period of Judaism includes early
393:
His
Institute for Ancient Judaism and Hellenistic Religion attracted scholars from all over the world, including Israel, and the Philip Melanchthon Foundation, which he founded, brought young scholars close to the world of Greek and Roman antiquity.
286:
Recognized as one of the greatest theological scholars of his time, Martin Hengel focused a great amount of his studies upon the New
Testament as well as other theological writings of early Christianity. Hengel specialized in the early period of
242:
in 1949. In 1951 he qualified as a
Lutheran parish minister, but in 1954 his father voiced his opposition to this and insisted that he join 'Hengella', the family textile business in Aalen, which makes women's underwear and lingerie.
875:
to
Jerusalem onwards. In other words, as at least in part an eye-witness account for the late period of the apostle, about which we no longer have any information from the letters, it is a first-hand source.
1010:
1020:
192:
1025:
1045:
600:
339:
Within his studies of
Rabbinic Judaism and the origins of Christianity, Hengel explored the perceived dichotomy between Judaism and Hellenism. In his study,
332:. Such work of the past two or three decades follows 50 years of work by Hengel, who reconceptualized the scholarly approach to the period in such works as
1000:
926:
645:
634:
846:
Theissen, Gerd and
Annette Merz. The historical Jesus: a comprehensive guide. Fortress Press. 1998. translated from German (1996 edition). p. 26.
837:
Martin Hengel and Anna Marie
Schwemer, Paul Between Damascus and Antioch: The Unknown Years (Louisville, Ky: Westminster John Knox Press), pg. 6.
1050:
426:
247:
study he had been forced to miss. However, he remained a director of the company until his death. In August 1957 he married
Marianne Kistler.
658:
260:
828:
Martin Hengel and Anna Marie Schwemer, Paul Between Damascus and Antioch: The Unknown Years (Louisville, Ky: Westminster John Knox Press).
755:
938:
687:
230:, he threw away his weapons and uniform and walked home from France, completing his schooling in 1946. In late 1947 Hengel began his
1015:
1030:
990:
950:
1005:
867:
995:
819:
Roetzel, Calvin J. The Letters of Paul: Conversations in Context. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 1998. P. 55.
592:
The Four Gospels and the One Gospel of Jesus Christ: An Investigation of the Collection and Origin of the Canonical Gospels
267:, but this ended in 1957 when he was sent to manage a factory in Leicester for several years. He continued to work on his
1035:
980:
453:
Judentum und Hellenismus: Studien zu ihrer Begegnung unter Berücksichtigung Palästinas bis zur Mitte des 2 Jh.s v.Chr
901:
1040:
985:
975:
275:. He completed his postgraduate work on his Habilitation thesis, a requirement for academic teaching, at the
857:
223:
725:"Daily Times - Leading News Resource of Pakistan - Ancient Jewish man's remains give clues on crucifixion"
561:
The Zealots : Investigations into the Jewish Freedom Movement in the Period from Herod I until 70 A.D
485:
Judaism and Hellenism : Studies in Their Encounter in Palestine During the Early Hellenistic Period
744:
Martin Hengel, Acts and the History of Earliest Christianity (Philadelphia, PA: Fortress Press), pg. 3.
887:
710:
Society of Biblical Literature. “Martin Hengel 1926-2009.” SBL Forum Archive. Accessed June 10, 2015.
724:
276:
153:
129:
476:
414:
402:
239:
711:
662:
516:
Jews, Greeks, and Barbarians: Aspects of the Hellenization of Judaism in the Pre-Christian Period
406:
296:
159:
114:
77:
48:
135:
91:
61:
763:
317:
280:
756:"Raising the Bar: A daring proposal for the future of evangelical New Testament scholarship"
970:
965:
418:
410:
387:
347:
329:
272:
268:
104:
8:
943:
692:
375:
371:
328:, and Christianity and the ways in which these terms are potentially problematic for the
279:
in 1967. His thesis was concerned with Judaism and Hellenism. He was a professor at the
803:
398:
292:
863:
807:
793:
379:
288:
283:
starting in 1968. In 1972 Hengel returned to Tübingen to succeed Professor Michel.
798:
422:
497:
383:
363:
959:
180:
594:(1st North American ed.). Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International.
564:
456:
309:
227:
108:
494:
Crucifixion in the Ancient World and the Folly of the Message of the Cross
607:. Geschichte des frühen Christentums (in German). Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.
316:. Much scholarly work is currently being done around the intersection of
438:
264:
235:
85:
543:
Between Jesus and Paul: Studies in the Earliest History of Christianity
527:(1st English ed.). New York, NY: The Crossroad Publishing Company.
346:
A large portion of Martin Hengel's research on the canonical book, the
205:
55:
931:
639:
472:
367:
218:
209:
351:
325:
256:
231:
183:
Period" or "Hellenistic Period" of early Judaism and Christianity.
355:
321:
216:. In 1943 he was conscripted as a 17-year-old schoolboy into the
176:
191:
30:
712:
http://www.sbl-site.org/publications/article.aspx?articleId=837
534:
The Atonement: The Origins of the Doctrine in the New Testament
350:, focuses on the time in which Paul spends between his time in
574:
The 'Hellenization' of Judea in the First Century after Christ
1011:
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
784:
Hengel, Martin (1996), "Tasks of New Testament Scholarship",
213:
762:, vol. 45, no. 13, pp. 76–79, archived from
904:(in Dutch). Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
518:(1st American ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Fortress Press.
271:
thesis in his spare time. Hengel graduated in 1959 with a
397:
He received honorary doctorates from the universities of
1021:
Academic staff of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
859:
Paul Between Damascus and Antioch: The Unknown Years
374:) to be essentially credible. He also believed that
255:
For a short period he was also able to lecture at a
888:"Honorary doctorates - Uppsala University, Sweden"
661:. Dorstener Zeitung.de. 2009-07-02. Archived from
957:
362:He considered the traditional account that the
706:
704:
702:
598:
427:Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
222:and served in an anti-aircraft battery on the
507:Acts and the History of Earliest Christianity
226:. In 1945, after one of the final battles of
1046:Corresponding fellows of the British Academy
1026:Academic staff of the University of Tübingen
840:
951:Interview at Centre for Public Christianity
699:
683:
681:
679:
1001:20th-century German Protestant theologians
862:. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 9.
487:(1st English ed.). London: SCM Press.
259:, and served as an assistant to Professor
158:
134:
113:
90:
76:
60:
47:
29:
797:
441:, and is survived by his wife, Marianne.
676:
525:The Charismatic Leader and His Followers
190:
179:historian of religion, focusing on the "
16:German historian of religion (1926-2009)
630:
628:
626:
624:
622:
465:Property and Riches in the Early Church
421:. He was a corresponding member of the
175:(14 December 1926 – 2 July 2009) was a
958:
855:
783:
753:
589:
580:
571:
558:
549:
540:
531:
522:
513:
504:
491:
482:
450:
1051:German Army personnel of World War II
619:
366:was written by Peter's interpreter (
648:on 2010-05-24. Retrieved 2024-03-30
554:. Philadelphia, PA: Fortress Press.
536:. Philadelphia, PA: Fortress Press.
13:
754:Hengel, Martin (22 October 2001),
659:"Theologe Martin Hengel gestorben"
14:
1062:
920:
212:, in 1926 and grew up in nearby
1031:German male non-fiction writers
894:
880:
849:
831:
822:
813:
786:Bulletin for Biblical Research
777:
747:
738:
717:
651:
590:——— (2000).
581:——— (1989).
572:——— (1989).
559:——— (1989).
552:Studies in the Gospels of Mark
541:——— (1983).
532:——— (1981).
523:——— (1981).
514:——— (1980).
505:——— (1979).
492:——— (1977).
483:——— (1974).
1:
1016:University of Tübingen alumni
991:German historians of religion
902:"Martin Hengel (1926 - 2009)"
856:Hengel, Martin (1997-01-01).
799:10.5325/bullbiblrese.6.1.0067
612:
199:
1006:Heidelberg University alumni
186:
7:
996:German Lutheran theologians
10:
1067:
1036:Lutheran biblical scholars
947:Retrieved on 21 July 2009
935:Retrieved on 21 July 2009
250:
146:
122:
100:
70:
41:
37:
28:
21:
981:German biblical scholars
444:
432:
382:) was the author of the
341:Judentum und Hellenismus
334:Judentum und Hellenismus
240:University of Heidelberg
727:. www.dailytimes.com.pk
599:———;
550:Hengel, Martin (1985).
455:(in German). Tubingen:
451:Hengel, Martin (1973).
437:Hengel died aged 82 in
312:and the field known as
297:origins of Christianity
195:Professor Martin Hengel
1041:20th-century Lutherans
986:New Testament scholars
976:People from Reutlingen
605:Jesus und das Judentum
583:The Johannine Question
336:, and other scholars.
281:University of Erlangen
277:University of Tübingen
196:
154:University of Tübingen
130:University of Tübingen
45:14 December 1926
194:
601:Schwemer, Anna Maria
585:. London: SCM Press.
576:. London: SCM Press.
545:. London: SCM Press.
509:. London: SCM Press.
496:. Philadelphia, PA:
388:Acts of the Apostles
348:Acts of the Apostles
330:Second Temple Period
105:Doctor of Philosophy
944:The Daily Telegraph
766:on October 27, 2006
693:The Daily Telegraph
376:Luke the Evangelist
372:Mark the Evangelist
257:theological college
204:Hengel was born in
760:Christianity Today
378:(the companion of
293:early Christianity
197:
869:978-0-664-25736-1
565:T. & T. Clark
467:(1st English ed.)
314:Christian Origins
170:
169:
74:2 July 2009
1058:
914:
913:
911:
909:
898:
892:
891:
884:
878:
877:
853:
847:
844:
838:
835:
829:
826:
820:
817:
811:
810:
801:
781:
775:
774:
773:
771:
751:
745:
742:
736:
735:
733:
732:
721:
715:
708:
697:
685:
674:
673:
671:
670:
655:
649:
632:
608:
595:
586:
577:
568:
555:
546:
537:
528:
519:
510:
501:
488:
460:
380:Paul the Apostle
370:, also known as
289:Rabbinic Judaism
238:, moving to the
163:
162:
139:
138:
118:
117:
96:
95:
94:
81:
80:
66:
65:
64:
52:
51:
33:
19:
18:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1055:
956:
955:
923:
918:
917:
907:
905:
900:
899:
895:
886:
885:
881:
870:
854:
850:
845:
841:
836:
832:
827:
823:
818:
814:
782:
778:
769:
767:
752:
748:
743:
739:
730:
728:
723:
722:
718:
709:
700:
686:
677:
668:
666:
657:
656:
652:
633:
620:
615:
475:(translated by
447:
435:
423:British Academy
253:
202:
189:
166:
157:
142:
133:
123:Alma mater
112:
89:
84:
83:
75:
59:
54:
53:
46:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1064:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
954:
953:
948:
936:
922:
921:External links
919:
916:
915:
893:
890:. 9 June 2023.
879:
868:
848:
839:
830:
821:
812:
776:
746:
737:
716:
698:
675:
650:
644:Archived from
617:
616:
614:
611:
610:
609:
596:
587:
578:
569:
556:
547:
538:
529:
520:
511:
502:
498:Fortress Press
489:
480:
461:
446:
443:
434:
431:
384:Gospel of Luke
364:Gospel of Mark
305:
304:
252:
249:
201:
198:
188:
185:
168:
167:
165:
164:
150:
148:
144:
143:
141:
140:
126:
124:
120:
119:
102:
98:
97:
72:
68:
67:
43:
39:
38:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1063:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
963:
961:
952:
949:
946:
945:
940:
937:
934:
933:
928:
925:
924:
903:
897:
889:
883:
876:
871:
865:
861:
860:
852:
843:
834:
825:
816:
809:
805:
800:
795:
791:
787:
780:
765:
761:
757:
750:
741:
726:
720:
713:
707:
705:
703:
695:
694:
689:
684:
682:
680:
665:on 2009-07-05
664:
660:
654:
647:
643:
641:
636:
631:
629:
627:
625:
623:
618:
606:
602:
597:
593:
588:
584:
579:
575:
570:
566:
563:. Edinburgh:
562:
557:
553:
548:
544:
539:
535:
530:
526:
521:
517:
512:
508:
503:
499:
495:
490:
486:
481:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
449:
448:
442:
440:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
395:
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
360:
357:
353:
349:
344:
342:
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
302:
301:
300:
298:
294:
290:
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
248:
244:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
224:Western Front
221:
220:
215:
211:
207:
193:
184:
182:
181:Second Temple
178:
174:
173:Martin Hengel
161:
155:
152:
151:
149:
145:
137:
131:
128:
127:
125:
121:
116:
110:
106:
103:
99:
93:
87:
79:
73:
69:
63:
57:
50:
44:
40:
36:
32:
27:
23:Martin Hengel
20:
942:
930:
906:. Retrieved
896:
882:
873:
858:
851:
842:
833:
824:
815:
789:
785:
779:
768:, retrieved
764:the original
759:
749:
740:
729:. Retrieved
719:
696:13 July 2009
691:
667:. Retrieved
663:the original
653:
646:the original
638:
604:
591:
582:
573:
560:
551:
542:
533:
524:
515:
506:
493:
484:
468:
464:
463:——— (1974).
452:
436:
396:
392:
361:
345:
340:
338:
333:
313:
310:Christianity
306:
285:
254:
245:
228:World War II
217:
203:
172:
171:
109:habilitation
971:2009 deaths
966:1926 births
477:John Bowden
457:J.C.B. Mohr
261:Otto Michel
234:studies in
232:theological
208:, south of
960:Categories
731:2008-01-23
669:2009-07-02
613:References
415:Strasbourg
403:St Andrews
291:including
206:Reutlingen
200:Early life
56:Reutlingen
932:The Times
808:140833505
640:The Times
473:SCM Press
407:Cambridge
368:John Mark
318:Hellenism
219:Wehrmacht
210:Stuttgart
187:Biography
101:Education
82:(aged 82)
939:Obituary
927:Obituary
770:July 10,
688:Obituary
635:Obituary
603:(2007).
471:London:
439:Tübingen
425:and the
386:and the
352:Damascus
326:Paganism
295:and the
269:doctoral
265:Tübingen
236:Tübingen
147:Employer
86:Tübingen
908:17 July
399:Uppsala
356:Antioch
322:Judaism
866:
806:
792:: 70,
419:Dublin
411:Durham
251:Career
177:German
156:
132:
111:
88:
58:
804:S2CID
445:Works
433:Death
214:Aalen
910:2015
864:ISBN
772:2017
417:and
354:and
71:Died
42:Born
941:in
929:in
794:doi
690:in
637:in
390:.
273:PhD
263:in
962::
872:.
802:,
788:,
758:,
701:^
678:^
621:^
479:).
429:.
413:,
409:,
405:,
401:,
324:,
320:,
107:,
912:.
796::
790:6
734:.
714:.
672:.
642:.
567:.
500:.
469:.
459:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
