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1195: 1029: 1028: 48: 816: 808: 20: 685:, including the use of circles, names of angels, planetary hours and symbols. The magical operations of the lower degrees were intended to establish contact between the operator and the Invisible World. Lofty and beautiful prayers recalled the goal which the Order tried to attain. There were also exorcisms intended to strangle demonic influence in the universe and thwart its powers over men, and to combat black magic. 1135:
worked a fifth degree, I::L:: (Free Initiator/Initiateur Libre), which conferred on the candidate the power to initiate others into all four degrees in person, not requiring Lodge or Heptad group forms, and to establish a new and independent Martinist Order, as well as to act as the legate or representative or Grand Master of that new order. For example, the Rose+Croix Martinist Order (Ontario, Canada):
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Succession which goes back to Saint-Martin himself. However, Restivo states that "Martinist authenticity is not contingent upon acceptance or initiation into a filiation or succession of other Martinists as no personal initiation chain from Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin exists in the sacramental manner of ordination as culmination of mastery in an Initiatic order."
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to produce all the required documentation. It turned out that the activities of the OM&S were limited to the transmission of various Martinist Initiations, and that the Order otherwise had no actual existence. There was no Martinist Lodge in Paris at the time and Victor Blanchard gave his initiations in the temple of the
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held the title of Grand Inspector for the Americas as well as Sovereign Grand Master Legate for the United States and was granted a charter to establish Lodges in the United States. Lewis later decided not to proceed with the OM&S plan for the U.S. due to the fact that Victor Blanchard was unable
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During the period up to the Second World War, the I::L:: or S::I::IV degree was exceptionally added as an endorsement or rank of distinction to the S::I::I:: degree for legates in new Martinist jurisdictions who were expected to eventually become Grand Masters. Later branches of the Martinist Order
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which, in its highest degrees, uses Masonic-type rituals to demonstrate the philosophy which underlies both Martinism and the practices of the Elus-Cohens. The CBCS was founded in the late 18th century by Jean-Baptiste Willermoz, who was a pupil of Martinez de Pasqually and a friend of Saint-Martin.
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In 1905, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia invited Papus to Tsarskoye Selo to ask for advice on domestic difficulties that he was facing with revolutionaries. The First World War was disastrous for the Order. Papus died on the battlefield fulfilling his duties as a doctor, as did many other leaders of the
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Concerned about dissent in the order after the death of de Pasqually, Willermoz in 1778, together with two other Superior Judges, formulated the idea of creating two additional degrees for the Auvergne Province of the Strict Observance, which exemplified the philosophy, though not the theurgic
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Saint-Martin became increasingly dissatisfied with the Elus-Cohens' use of theurgic ritual, feeling that it was too sophisticated for the desired end. Instead, he favoured inward contemplation, or what he called "The Way of the Heart". Nevertheless, Saint-Martin continued to acknowledge Martinez de
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In 1931 Augustin Chaboseau joined Victor-Emile Michelet and Lucien Chamuel (the other two surviving members of the original Supreme Council of 1891) to resuscitate the Order that they had founded with Papus. To emphasise the difference between traditional Martinism and the many new groups that had
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and inner spiritual alchemy. Saint-Martin disapproved of these teachings being called 'martinism' by his contemporaries, and instead explained it as a silent 'way of the heart' to attain reintegration. Saint-Martin most likely did not organize this path as an 'order', but gathered small circles of
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in 1888. Papus and Chaboseau discovered that they had both apparently received Martinist initiation through two different chains of succession which linked back to Saint-Martin and his original disciples. Papus claimed to have come into the possession of the original papers of de Pasqually and to
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The Second World War was as disastrous for the Order in Europe as the first. The Nazi regime suppressed all 'occult' groups and many Martinists died in concentration camps. The OMT in Europe and its American branch, the Traditional Martinist Order (TMO) still exist. The TMO currently operates in
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In the highest of the three degrees of the Order of the Elus-Cohen, known as the Shrine, itself consisting of three degrees of which the highest was the Master Reau-Crois, evocation of entities belonging to the Divine Plane was carried out. This makes clear that the Elus-Cohen were not merely a
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Despite the Lodge structure of Martinism, the rituals themselves do not bear any resemblance to the symbolic degrees of Freemasonry. The rituals have their own milieu of dramatic and esoteric content. It has been claimed however that some of the rituals derived from the Egyptian Freemasonry of
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The disciples of Saint-Martin spread the Doctrine of the Unknown Philosopher in France, Germany, Denmark and above all in Russia. It was through one of them, Henri Delaage, that in 1880 a brilliant young Parisian doctor, Gerard Encausse (Later to be known as Papus), became acquainted with the
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After Martinez de Pasqually's death, the Elus-Cohens continued to operate for some time; however, divisions started to occur between various temples, which became dormant during the first half of the 19th century. The last-known surviving Elus-Cohen from the original incarnation of the order,
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There has been some controversy over whether Saint-Martin himself ever founded a formalised Order of Martinists. For example, 20th-century Martinist author Robert Ambelain initially claimed that Saint-Martin founded an order called the "Society of Initiates", but within a few years he became
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Of these, the first two introduce the Candidate to key Martinist concepts, while the third supposedly confers the actual Initiation which Saint-Martin gave to his original disciples. Martinists generally believe that to be an authentic initiate, one must be able to show a chain of Initiatic
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of Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin. This heritage was reorganized into the 'Ordre Martiniste' in 1886 by Augustin Chaboseau and Gerard Encausse (also known as Papus).. The regular transmission of the Martinist heritage to Chaboseau and Papus has not been proven as of today.
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disillusioned with the concept and stated that the Society of Initiates never existed. Others allege that Saint-Martin became involved in a pre-existing society called the "Order of Unknown Philosophers". It seems most probable, however, that although Saint-Martin
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was asked by the OMT in 1939 to bring Traditional Martinism to the U.S. Lewis was thus appointed Sovereign Legate and Regional Grand Master of the OMT and received the necessary charters and other documents required in order to proceed with the Order's expansion.
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Having reformed the French branch of the order, Willermoz in 1782 succeeded in persuading the German mother branch to adopt his reforms – though not without meeting considerable opposition from other branches of the Strict Observance, such as the
838:. Saint-Martin was initiated into the Elus-Cohens in 1768 and was active in the organization for at least six years. Saint-Martin was initiated into the Reaux-Croix, the highest degree of the Order, and in 1770 became de Pasqually's secretary. 602:
concerned with the fall of the first man, his materialistic state of being, deprived of his own, divine source, and the process of his eventual (if not inevitable) return, called 'Reintegration'.
959:. He was initiated into the Elus-Cohen in 1767, eventually attaining the highest degree of the Order, and being named by de Pasqually as a "Superior Judge," one of its most senior officers. 1680:
Laurant Jean-Pierre. Le problème de René Guénon ou Quelques questions posées par les rapports de sa vie et de son œuvre. In: Revue de l'histoire des religions, tome 179, n°1, 1971. pp. 41-70
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Note: the books with the name Man or l'homme in French are retellings of Saint-Martin of the main teachings of Martinez de Pasqually and what he learned in Martinezism mixed with Boehme.
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The CBCS has managed to survive as a continually practiced rite from its founding until the present day, both as a purely masonic rite, and as a detached rite which is also open to women.
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doctrines of Saint-Martin. Subsequently, in 1884, together with some of his associates, he established a Mystical Order which he called the Ordre Martiniste or the Martinist Order.
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The candidate at key points throughout the rituals is expected to answer on his or her own initiative. He or she is constantly encouraged to meditate on the symbolism presented.
1302:. Martinism is still growing in popularity, and with the advent of the Internet, many new orders and online groups expressing an interest in Martinism have emerged worldwide. 1237:
Teder took place at the peak of the collaboration between Guénon and Papus. However, the regularity of the Martinist Order was strongly questioned by Brother O. Pontet of the
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The rituals contain elements of Martinez de Pasqually's philosophy, and passing references to the Qabalah, in addition to principles derived from Saint-Martin's own teachings.
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The Martinist Order (L'Ordre Martiniste) founded by Papus in 1887 continues, and grows worldwide with Groups across Europe, Africa, the United States and the Middle East.
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In 1777, after failing to convince the Elus-Cohens to adopt a more contemplative practice, he cut back his involvement in the Order. He ceased all involvement in 1790.
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while dealing with profane business. Martinez de Pasqually was active in Masonic organisations throughout France from the age of 28 onwards. In 1765 he established
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R.G.S., Février Occultiste, in L'Initiation, Revue Philosophique Indépendante des Hautes Etudes Martinistes, vol 82, year 22, n°2, January 1909, pp 86-88
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RGS, Mars Occultiste, in L'Initiation, Revue Philosophique Indépendante des Hautes Etudes Martinistes, vol 82, year 22, n°5, February 1909, pp 181-182
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curtailed the activities of the CBCS in France although the rite was preserved in Switzerland. Today the CBCS, or "Scottish Rectified Rite" (
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L'Acacia, Mars 1909, pp 208-211, Les Contrefacteurs de la Maçonnerie: Lettre de J. Desjobert, R. Guénon et V. Blanchard à O. Pontet
955:, France; died 1824 also at Lyon), was initiated into Masonry at the age of 20 in a lodge which operated under the auspices of the 1493: 1260:
movement and formed the Ordre Martiniste et Synarchie (OM&S) under the leadership of Victor Blanchard. Both Imperators of The
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The interior of Lodges of Sovereign Autonomous Ancient Martinist-Martinezist Order during the regular ceremonial meeting at the
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mystical but a magical order. The chief evocation was that of the 'Mender', Jehoshua, and the basic methods were those of the
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Martinist altar, photo made in course of assembly of Lodges of the Sovereign Autonomous Ancient Martinist-Martinezist Order,
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As a mystical tradition, it was first transmitted through a Masonic high-degree system established around 1740 in France by
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Pasqually's influence on his own system of thought. In addition, Saint-Martin drew much inspiration from the work of
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applies to both this particular doctrine and the teachings of the reorganized "Martinist Order" founded in 1886 by
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Order. After the war, the Order was almost extinct and the surviving members splintered into competing factions.
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Treatise on the Reintegration of Beings Into Their Original Estate, Virtues and Powers Both Spiritual and Divine
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was himself initiated in the Martinist Order. In between 1906 and 1912, Guénon was a member of Martinist Lodges
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was elected Grand Master and Augustin Chaboseau succeeded him in 1939 until his death in 1946. AMORC Imperator
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initiate disciples after a fashion, this was done on an informal basis; Martinism did not exist as an order
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within the premises of the Martinist Order, as well as his involvement in a Gnostic Church under the name
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The mystical Christianity of Martinism is emphasised by the fact that all lodges are opened by invoking
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This order had three sets of degrees: the first were analogous to the symbolic degrees of conventional
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The Martinist Order which Papus founded was organised as a Lodge system, which worked four degrees:
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Jacques de Livron Joachim de la Tour de la Casa Martinez de Pasqually was born in c. 1727 in
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Martinism can be divided into three forms through which it has been chronologically transmitted:
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De Pasqually put forth the philosophy underlying the work of the Elus-Cohens in his only book,
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Unknown Superior Initiator (S::I::I::/Supérieur Inconnu Initiateur)(Lodge/Heptad Master).
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Unknown Superior Initiator (S::I::I::/Supèrieur Inconnu Initiateur)(Lodge/Heptad Master)
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of Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin, a mystical tradition in which emphasis is placed on
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The rituals often rely on the element of surprise to reinforce the points they make.
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Free Initiator (I::L::/Initiateur Libre/S.I.IV) (Grand Officer/Grand Initiator).
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emerged, they named their movement the Ordre Martiniste Traditionnel (OMT).
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were initiated into the Martiniste et Synarchie (OM&S). AMORC Imperator
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through a series of magical invocations and complex theurgic operations.
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About the rituals themselves, the following general points may be made:
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Natural Table of the Correspondences between God, Man and the Universe
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have been given authority in the Rite of Saint-Martin by his friend
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Saint-Martin outlined his philosophy in several books , using the
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In a nutshell, the Martinism as we know it today consists of the
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Saint-Martin: The French Mystic and the Story of Modern Martinism
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almost every free country in the world under the protection of
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was already used interchangeably between the teachings of
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Papus and Chaboseau: the founding of the Martinist Order
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students around him, where he transmitted his teachings.
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The founding of the Order came about when Encausse met
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C.B.C.S. (Le Chevaliers Bienfaisants de la Cité Sainte)
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until the efforts of Papus and Chaboseau (see below).
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Martinezism: Martinez de Pasqually and the Elus Cohens
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Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin, the unknown philosopher
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l'Ordre des Chevaliers Maçons Élus Coëns de l'Univers
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Form of Christian mysticism and esoteric Christianity
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L'Acacia, Mars 1909, pp 211-218, Réponse d'O. Pontet
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practices, of the Elus-Cohens, while working in the
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Order of Knight-Masons Elect Priests of the Universe
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Order of Knight-Masons Elect Priests of the Universe
971:(CBCS). The degree structure of the rite was thus: 1249:prompted the separation between Papus and Guénon. 1750: 1398:Occult Paris: The Lost Magic of the Belle Époque 1256:'s claims to the French throne. They joined the 1227:Revue Indépendante des Hautes Etudes Martinistes 1121:, and the Scottish Rectified Rite of Willermoz. 802: 1368:Enseignement secrets de Martinez de Pasqually 996:Chevalier-Grand Profès/Grand Professed Knight 856:of "The Unknown Philosopher". These include: 572: 1443: 823:, which may represent the "way of the heart" 486: 477:Order of Knights Beneficent of the Holy City 1657:"Древний Орден Мартинистов - Мартинезистов" 1516: 1491: 1424:"Martinez de Pasqually and the Elus Cohens" 1145:Unknown Superior (S::I::/Supèrieur Inconnu) 1078:Unknown Superior (S::I::/Supèrieur Inconnu) 1439: 1437: 579: 565: 1560:Archives of Great Priory of America, CBCS 947:Willermoz and the Scottish Rectified Rite 695:Chevaliers Bienfaisants de la Cité-Sainte 1401:. Rochester, Vermont: Inner Traditions. 1241:,. The creation by Guénon in 1909 of an 1193: 1159: 1027: 969:Chevaliers Beneficient de la Cité-Sainte 814: 806: 18: 1482:Saint-Martin, Theosophic Correspondence 1434: 1391: 1052:, in association with Papus and Pierre- 788:Treatise on the Reintegration of Beings 542:Treatise on the Reintegration of Beings 1751: 1627:"Rose†Croix Martinist Order Home Page" 1541: 1735:SourceryForge.org article "Martinism" 1733:of) the version of 2004-05-15 of the 1382:62 (London: Punrell, 1971), 1746-47. 1164:The Martinists, from left to right: 1058:Ordre Kabbalistique de la Rose Croix 951:Jean-Baptiste Willermoz (born 1730, 726:tradition of Martinez de Pasqually ( 1421: 1339:"Western Esotericism and Martinism" 1320:List of spirituality-related topics 1262:Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis 1155: 877:Man, His True Nature & Ministry 652:The three branches of the tradition 482:Kabbalistic Order of the Rose-Cross 13: 14: 1790: 1637:from the original on 25 July 2011 1252:Many French Martinists supported 993:Chevalier-Profès/Professed Knight 524:Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn 1611:. April 18, 2001. Archived from 1573:. April 24, 2000. Archived from 701:rite, a reformed variant of the 46: 1719: 1710: 1701: 1692: 1683: 1674: 1649: 1619: 1601: 1581: 1563: 1554: 1535: 1444:De Pasqually, Martinez (1775). 1378:Robert Ambelain, "Martinists", 1349:from the original on 2021-10-31 1202:, Moscow, Russia, in April 2013 1510: 1485: 1476: 1415: 1385: 1372: 1360: 1331: 755:, France, and died in 1774 in 697:(CBCS). This was originally a 1: 1764:1740 establishments in France 984:Maître Ecossais/Scotch Master 892:The Spiritual Ministry of Man 1571:"BRIEF HISTORY of MARTINISM" 1519:"Le Martinisme Contemporain" 1315:List of general fraternities 1221:, and published articles in 1036:, Moscow, Russia, April 2013 828:Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin 803:Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin 734:of Jean-Baptiste Willermoz ( 642:Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin 611:Louis Claude de Saint-Martin 7: 1308: 1097:, (Hebrew: יהשוה) i.e. the 987:Ecuyer Novice/Squire Novice 10: 1795: 438:Basic concepts and symbols 916:Theosophic Correspondence 703:Rite of Strict Observance 1325: 1279:Fraternitae des Polaires 819:'Christi Testamenta' by 799:Destigny, died in 1868. 496:Gnostic Church of France 1729:material from (or is a 1589:Docteur Gérard Encausse 691:Scottish Rectified Rite 615:Jean-Baptiste Willermoz 519:Rectified Scottish Rite 466:Martinist organisations 1725:This article contains 1587:Apiryon, Tau, (1995) " 1450:. Septentrione Books. 1254:Karl Wilhelm Naundorff 1239:Grand Orient de France 1203: 1191: 1113:way of spelling Jesus. 1063:Henri Viscount Delaage 1048:in 1884. In parallel, 1037: 1018:Rite Ecossais Rectifié 824: 812: 487: 24: 1779:Esoteric Christianity 1287:Victor-Emile Michelet 1197: 1163: 1031: 818: 810: 646:Martinez de Pasqually 607:Martinez de Pasqually 600:esoteric Christianity 508:Related organisations 150:Esoteric Christianity 22: 1631:omeganexusonline.net 1517:Ambelain, R (1948). 1492:Ambelain, R (1946). 1343:The Three Luminaries 1274:Harvey Spencer Lewis 1270:Harvey Spencer Lewis 1233:, and Charles Détré 1101:, consisting of the 884:Aphorisms and Maxims 830:was born in 1743 in 120:Christian meditation 1774:Christian movements 1769:Christian mysticism 1291:Ralph Maxwell Lewis 1266:Ralph Maxwell Lewis 1050:Stanislas de Guaita 1003:Bavarian Illuminati 864:Of Errors and Truth 740:Christian Theosophy 596:Christian mysticism 546:Of Errors and Truth 155:Christian mysticism 1740:2007-03-17 at the 1594:2022-12-05 at the 1380:Man Myth and Magic 1366:Baader, Franz von 1204: 1192: 1054:Augustin Chaboseau 1046:Augustin Chaboseau 1038: 825: 813: 732:Masonic Templarism 626:Augustin Chaboseau 102:Christian Kabbalah 25: 23:The Martinist Seal 1014:French Revolution 957:Strict Observance 869:The Man of Desire 589: 588: 549:The Man of Desire 489:Ordre Reaux Croix 1786: 1744: 1723: 1717: 1714: 1708: 1705: 1699: 1696: 1690: 1687: 1681: 1678: 1672: 1671: 1669: 1668: 1659:. 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Index


a series
Martinism
The Seal of the Martinist Order
Theosophy
Rosicrucianism
Gnosticism
Pythagoreanism
Alchemy
Hermeticism
Angelology
Christian Kabbalah
Christian meditation
Grimoires
Ceremonial magic
Tarotology
Fasting
Prayer
Esoteric Christianity
Christian mysticism
Theosophy
Mysteries
Astrology
de Pasqually
de Saint-Martin
Willermoz
Chaptal
Cazotte
Encausse
Sémélas

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