579:(1984) has been described as coming "closest to addressing a theological theme: the problem of evil." But, Midgley argues that we need to understand the human capacity for wickedness, rather than blaming God for it. Midgley argues that evil arises from aspects of human nature, not from an external force. She further argues that evil is the absence of good, with good being described as the positive virtues such as generosity, courage and kindness. Therefore, evil is the absence of these characteristics, leading to selfishness, cowardice and similar. She therefore criticizes existentialism and other schools of thought which promote the 'Rational Will' as a free agent. She also criticizes the tendency to demonize those deemed 'wicked', by failing to acknowledge that they also display some measure of some of the virtues.
351:, and that too was somehow slotted into our timetables. We loved this and worked madly at it, which meant that with considerable efforts on all sides, it was just possible for us to go to college on Classics … I had decided to read Classics rather than English – which was the first choice that occurred to me – because my English teacher, bless her, pointed out that English literature is something that you read in any case, so it is better to study something that you otherwise wouldn't. Someone also told me that, if you did Classics at Oxford, you could do Philosophy as well. I knew very little about this but, as I had just found Plato, I couldn't resist trying it.
747:—the recognition that there are many independent forms and sources of knowledge—rather than reductivism, the conviction that one fundamental form underlies them all and settles everything." She writes that it is helpful to think of the world as "a huge aquarium. We cannot see it as a whole from above, so we peer in at it through a number of small windows ... We can eventually make quite a lot of sense of this habitat if we patiently put together the data from different angles. But if we insist that our own window is the only one worth looking through, we shall not get very far."
643:, also published in 2001, also includes a discussion on the idea of Gaia, which she argued "is not a gratuitous, semi-mystical fantasy", but instead is "a useful idea, a cure for distortions that spoil our current world-view." It is useful both in finding practical solutions to environmental problems and also in giving us "a more realistic view of ourselves". Gaia has, Midgley argued, both scientific and moral importance, which also involves politics. There is also a religious angle to Gaia.
882:. The book has been likened to a cross between a short story and a philosophical dialogue, as Coetzee's protagonist, Elizabeth Costello, often speaks at length about philosophical ideas. Many reviewers expressed bafflement at the text, which has an enigmatic and riddling style. As one reviewer noted, "the reader is not quite sure whether he is intended to spot some confusion or contradiction or non-sequitur in arguments." Other critics however have noted many affinities between
559:, something that nobody notices until it goes wrong. "Then suddenly we become aware of some bad smells, and we have to take up the floorboards and look at the concepts of even the most ordinary piece of thinking. The great philosophers ... noticed how badly things were going wrong, and made suggestions about how they could be dealt with." Midgley argued that philosophy was not something that was reserved for intellectuals and academics. In her view, it is something we
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903:. Andy Lamey wrote that the result of these and other similarities is that Coetzee's work "evoke a particular conception of ethics, one very similar to that of the philosopher Mary Midgley. Such a view affords a central role to sympathy and is fundamentally opposed to a long-standing rival view, most clearly exemplified by the social contract tradition, which prioritizes an instrumental conception of rationality."
586:' ideas on the inherent improbability of the order found in the universe. She argued that "there's some sort of tendency towards the formation of order", including towards life and "perceptive life". The best way, she argued, of talking about this is using the concept of "a life force", although she acknowledged that this is "vague". She also argued that "gratitude" is an important part of the motivation for
291:, and argued against any attempt to make science a substitute for the humanities. She wrote extensively about what she thought philosophers can learn from nature, particularly from animals. Midgley insisted that humans ought to be understood as first and foremost, a kind of animal. Several of her books and articles discussed philosophical ideas appearing in popular science, including those of
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618:. This was part of her "principal passion" of "reviving our reverence for the earth". Midgley also described Gaia as a "breakthrough", as it was "the first time a theory derived from scientific measurements has carried with it an implicit moral imperative – the need to act in the interests of this living system on which we all depend.
834:—or Dawkinsist—orthodoxy that claims something which Darwin himself denied, namely that natural selection is the sole and exclusive cause of evolution, making the world therefore, in some important sense, entirely random. This is itself a strange faith which ought not to be taken for granted as part of science.
494:. Midgley stopped teaching for several years while she had three sons (Tom, David and Martin), before also getting a job in the philosophy department at Newcastle, where she and her husband were both "much loved". Midgley taught there between 1962 and 1980. During her time at Newcastle, she began studying
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Despite her upbringing, she did not embrace
Christianity herself, because, she says, "I couldn't make it work. I would try to pray and it didn't seem to get me anywhere so I stopped after a while. But I think it's a perfectly sensible world view." She also argues that the world's religions should not
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argues for the importance of the idea of Gaia as a "powerful tool" in science, morality, psychology and politics, to gain a more holistic understanding of the world. Instead, Midgley argued that we "must learn how to value various aspects of our environment, how to structure social relationships and
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that a person's sense of personal identity and free will is no more than the behaviour of nerve cells. She attacks the understanding inherent in this argument that everything, including a sense of self, can be understood through its physical properties. Instead, she argues that there are different
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Several of her lasting friendships that began at Oxford were with scientists, and she credited them with having educated her in a number of scientific disciplines. After a split in the Labour club at Oxford over the Soviet Union's actions, she was on the committee of the newly formed
Democratic
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has "both a scientific and a religious aspect." She argued that people find this hard to grasp because our views on both science and religion have been narrowed so much that the connections between them are now obscured. This is not, however, about belief in a personal God, but instead about
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simply be ignored: "It turns out that the evils which have infested religion are not confined to it, but are ones that can accompany any successful human institution. Nor is it even clear that religion itself is something that the human race either can or should be cured of."
475:. She argues that one of the main flaws in doctoral training is that, while it "shows you how to deal with difficult arguments", it does not "help you to grasp the big questions that provide its context – the background issues out of which the small problems arose."
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or the use of machines. She concludes: "These schemes still seem to me to be just displacement activities proposed in order to avoid facing our real difficulties." "n exposing these rhetorical attempts to turn science into a comprehensive ideology," she wrote in
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have all made our names in philosophy... I do think that in normal times a lot of good female thinking is wasted because it simply doesn't get heard." Interest in the philosophy of the women philosophers at this time sparked the interest of two philosophers at
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She argued that, "acknowledging matter as somehow akin to and penetrated by mind is not adding a new ... assumption ... it is becoming aware of something we are doing already." She suggested that "this topic is essentially the one which caused
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she saw as prevalent in much of social science. She argued that human beings are more similar to animals than many social scientists then acknowledged, while animals are in many ways more sophisticated than was often accepted. She criticized
414:. This left the women undergraduates in an unlikely positions: for the first time they made up the majority in the student body. Recalling this time, Midgley writes "I think myself that this experience has something to do with the fact that
916:, while Midgley wrote about Crusoe in her essay "Duties Concerning Islands." Midgley's essay argued for the idea that human beings can have ethical obligations to non-human entities such as animals and ecosystems, an idea also found in
459:, as "the war put graduate work right out of the question". Instead, she "spent the rest of the war doing various kinds of work that were held to be of national importance". During this time she was also a teacher at Downe School and
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researchers. Midgley writes that she still believes that these theories, "have nothing to do with any reputable theory of evolution," and will not solve the real social and moral problems the world is facing, either through
471:'s view of the soul, which she has described as "so unfashionable and so vast that I never finished my thesis". In retrospect Midgley has written of her belief that she is "lucky" to have missed out on having a
818:(2003), she wrote about what she saw as his confused use of language — using terms such as "selfish" in different ways without alerting the reader to the change in meaning—and some of what she regarded as his
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She observes that "practically all the great
European philosophers have been bachelors", and argues that this may be responsible for the solipsism, skepticism, and individualism that dominate the tradition.
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levels of explanation, which need to be studied using different methods. This means that thoughts and memories are an integral part of reality for both humans and animals and need to be studied as such.
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who she understood as arguing that human nature was "brutal and nasty". Instead, she argued that human beings and their relationship with animals could be better understood by using the
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In 2001 Midgley founded, along with David
Midgley and Tom Wakeford, the Gaia Network, and became its first Chair. Their regular meetings on the implications of Gaia led to the 2007 book
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Midgley argued against reductionism, or the attempt to impose any one approach to understanding the world. She suggests that there are "many maps, many windows," arguing that "we need
803:, rather than evolution. In a 1981 rebuttal, Dawkins retorted that the comment was "hard to match, in reputable journals, for its patronising condescension toward a fellow academic".
864:, she argues that "simple one-sided accounts of human motives, such as the "selfish gene" tendency in recent neo-Darwinian thought, may be illuminating but are always unrealistic".
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Monkey business. The Origin of
Species changed man's conception of himself forever. So why, asks Mary Midgley, is Darwinism used to reinforce the arid individualism of our age?
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often to remark that the really surprising thing about science is that it works at all ... the simple observation that the laws of thought turn out to be the laws of things."
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in
September 2007, she argued that Dawkins' views on evolution are ideologically driven: "The ideology Dawkins is selling is the worship of competition. It is projecting a
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take on economics on to evolution. It's not an impartial scientific view; it's a political drama." In April 2009 Midgley reiterated her critical interpretation of
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in 2008. She was an honorary fellow of the Policy, Ethics and Life
Sciences Research Centre at Newcastle University. In 2011 she was the first winner of the
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502:(1978), published when she was 59. "I wrote no books until I was a good 50, and I'm jolly glad because I didn't know what I thought before then."
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institutions so that we value social and spiritual life, as well as the natural world, alongside commercial and economic aspects.
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810:(1989), Dawkins refers to her "highly intemperate and vicious paper". Midgley continued to oppose Dawkins' ideas. In her books
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The Women are up to
Something: How Elizabeth Anscombe, Philippa Foot, Mary Midgley and Iris Murdoch Revolutionised Ethics
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described her as a fiercely combative philosopher and the UK's "foremost scourge of 'scientific pretension'".
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The bad feeling between
Dawkins and Midgley did not diminish. In a note to page 55 in the 2nd edition of
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edited by
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The Master and His Emissary: The Divided Brain and the Making of the Western World by Iain McGilchrist
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240:; 13 September 1919 – 10 October 2018) was a British philosopher. A senior lecturer in philosophy at
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She was born Mary Scrutton on Sept. 13, 1919, in Dulwich, England, to Lesley (Hay) and Tom Scrutton.
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Midgley was born in London to Lesley and Tom Scrutton. Her father, the son of the eminent judge Sir
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Mackie, J.L. (1978). "The Law of the Jungle: Moral Alternatives and Principles of Evolution".
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Jon Edgar - Sculpture Series Heads: Terracotta Portraits of Contributors to British Sculpture
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During Midgley's time at Oxford, many of the young male undergraduates left to fight in the
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Reply to target article: "Inventing the Subject; the Renewal of 'Psychological' Psychology"
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and Midgley's philosophy, and have used Midgley's ideas to make sense of Coetzee's work.
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Rights-Talk Will Not Sort Out Child-abuse; Comment on Archard on Parental Rights (1991)
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responding to the system of life, as revealed by Gaia, with "wonder, awe and gratitude"
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Biotechnology and Monstrosity: Why We Should Pay Attention to the "Yuk Factor" (2000)
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252:(1978), when she was in her late fifties, and went on to write over 15 more, including
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Science And The Self: Animals, Evolution and Ethics: Essays In Honour Of Mary Midgley
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Rethinking the Curriculum; Towards an Integrated, Interdisciplinary College Education
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passages that appeared suddenly in scientific books, often in their last chapters."
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482:, teaching in the philosophy department there for four terms. In 1950 she married
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The Value of "Useless" Research: Supporting Scholarship for the Long Run (1989)
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Feminist Perspectives in Philosophy ed. Morwenna Griffiths and Margaret Whitford
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Towards a New Understanding of Human Nature: The Limits of Individualism (1983)
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The Absence of a Gap between Facts and Values (with Stephen R. L. Clark) (1980)
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Midgley took the Oxford entrance exam in the autumn of 1937, gaining a place at
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The Challenge of Science, Limited Knowledge, or a New High Priesthood? (1995)
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The Animal Rights/ Environmental Ethics Debate, The Environmental Perspective
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The Ethical Primate. Anthony Freeman in discussion with Mary Midgley (1995)
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Earth Ethics, Environmental Ethics, Animal Rights and Practical Applications
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702:(1992) to counter the "quasi-scientific speculation" of "certain remarkable
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who argued that there was no such thing as human nature and writers such as
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Metaphysical animals : how four women brought philosophy back to life
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This understanding also links with Midgley's argument that the concept of
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American Philosophical Association, Newsletter on Feminism and Philosophy
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Coetzee and Midgley additionally shared a longstanding fascination with
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Impact Pamphlet 15: Intelligent Design and Other Ideological Problems
928:
787:
The Law of the Jungle: Moral Alternatives and Principles of Evolution
472:
384:
355:
323:. She was raised in Cambridge, Greenford and Ealing, and educated at
288:
214:
3805:
3702:
3690:
2193:
2176:
1987:
1816:
1771:
1707:
1509:
5561:
4479:
4429:
3795:"Against the grain: There are questions that science cannot answer"
1313:
The Concept of Beastliness: Philosophy, Ethics and Animal Behaviour
1107:
Utopias, Dolphins and Computers: Problems of Philosophical Plumbing
819:
752:
703:
684:
556:
495:
468:
210:
3810:
J. M. Coetzee and Ethics: Philosophical Perspectives on Literature
2892:
1222:, Institute for Cultural Research Monograph Series, No. 20, 1984.
4791:
4745:
4404:
3123:
988:
Animals and Why They Matter: A Journey Around the Species Barrier
539:
376:
76:
4201:
439:
which explores the connections between four women philosophers (
4342:
4244:
3777:
Responses: Carvings and Claywork: Jon Edgar Sculpture 2003–2008
1516:
Animals in Research: New Perspectives in Animal Experimentation
853:
587:
347:
new and vigorous Classics teacher offered to teach a few of us
331:, where she developed her interest in classics and philosophy:
316:
32:
1482:
Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supplementary Volumes
1381:
More about Reason, Commitment and Social Anthropology (1978)
654:
was an examination of human nature and a reaction against the
6420:
5006:
2446:
Science, Consciousness and Ultimate Reality ed David Lorimer
2425:
2229:
Being Humans: Anthropological Universality and Particularity
295:. She also wrote in favour of a moral interpretation of the
6192:
2046:
The View from Britain: What is Dissolving Families? (1996)
1742:
Homunculus Trouble, or, What is Applied Philosophy? (1990)
2267:
Wolves and Human Communities: Biology, Politics and Ethics
2224:
ed Niels Hendrik Gregerson, Willem B. Drees and Ulf Gorman
1924:
ed. K.W.M. Fulford, Grant Gillett and Janet Martin Soskice
463:. She returned to Oxford in 1947 to do graduate work with
3921:
Evolution as a Religion: Strange Hopes and Stranger Fears
2269:
ed Virginia A. Sharpe, Bryan Norton and Strachan Donelley
1893:
The Four-Leggeds, The Two-Leggeds and the Wingeds (1993)
1030:. Routledge, 1985; reprinted with new introduction 2002.
1028:
Evolution as a Religion: Strange Hopes and Stranger Fears
878:(1999), a work of fiction by the South African novelist
4923:
University of California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid
2814:"Mary Midgley: a late stand for a philosopher with soul"
2342:
Think. A Periodical of the Royal Institute of Philosophy
2102:
The Soul's Successors: Philosophy and the "Body" (1997)
2073:
Teaching Right and Wrong, Moral Education in the Balance
1946:
Nature's Imagination; The Frontiers of Scientific Vision
889:
The main character, who also appears in Coetzee's novel
530:
Award for Contributions in the Fight Against Stupidity.
7141:
People associated with the Oxford Group (animal rights)
3631:"Mary Midgley: Selfishness: where Dawkins got it wrong"
2016:, No. 1, pp. 67–75(9) (Joint with Anthony Freeman)
1663:
Embarrassing Relatives: Changing Perceptions of Animals
1015:
Women's Choices: Philosophical Problems Facing Feminism
563:
do — an activity that is part of the human conditions.
1689:
On Not Being afraid of Natural Sex Differences (1988)
1059:
Wisdom, Information and Wonder: What Is Knowledge For?
6447:
Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes
2039:
Earth Matters; Thinking about the Environment (1996)
1832:
ed. Stephen Luper-Foy and Curtis Brown (Reprinted in
490:, where he got a job in the philosophy department of
4101:, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews, 6 February 2004.
2324:
ed Michael Wheeler, John Ziman and Margaret A. Boden
2260:
The bankers' abstract vision of the globe is limited
1622:
ed.Virginia MacKenna, Will Travers and Jonathan Wray
383:, but she had to leave after a month because of the
244:, she was known for her work on science, ethics and
3914:
Science As Salvation: A Modern Myth and Its Meaning
3825:
3129:
2481:Review: The God Delusion by Richard Dawkins (2006)
1643:
Evolution As A Religion: A Comparison of Prophecies
1072:
Science As Salvation: A Modern Myth and Its Meaning
694:Writing in the 2002 introduction to the reprint of
3878:"Hobbes's Leviathan, Part 3: What is selfishness?"
2227:Human Nature, Human Variety, Human Freedom (2000)
1364:On Trying Out One's New Sword on a Chance Wayfarer
2496:Rethinking sex and the selfish gene: why we do it
2424:(2004) Two-part article on the Mind Body problem
2296:Heaven and Earth, an Awkward History (2001–2002)
2150:Towards an Ethic of Global Responsibility (1999)
1821:Towards a More Humane View of the Beasts? (1992)
1610:International Journal of Moral and Social Studies
1094:The Ethical Primate: Humans, Freedom and Morality
975:Heart and Mind: The Varieties of Moral Experience
7067:
4302:List of international animal welfare conventions
4198:, 5 November 1998, BBC Radio program In Our Time
2405:Is Nature Ever Evil? Religion, Science and Value
1839:Strange Contest, Science versus Religion (1992)
1334:Supplementary Volume of the Aristotelian Society
910:. Coetzee retells the Crusoe story in his novel
395:, graduating with a first-class honours degree.
6599:An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory
2807:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2789:
1332:The Neutrality of the Moral Philosopher (1974)
646:
486:(died 1997), also a philosopher. They moved to
276:and Newcastle universities. Her autobiography,
272:(1992). She was awarded honorary doctorates by
6030:
4141:"Books by and an Interview with: Mary Midgley"
3826:Mac Cumhaill, Clare; Wiseman, Rachael (2022).
3161:
1174:The Solitary Self: Darwin and the Selfish Gene
862:The Solitary Self: Darwin and the Selfish Gene
455:Midgley left Oxford in 1942 and went into the
4217:
4005:Kidd, Ian James & McKinnell, Liz (eds.).
3506:
2210:Individualism and the Concept of Gaia (2000)
2147:(1999) ed Shaun Gallagher and Jonathan Shear)
1856:The idea of Salvation Through Science (1992)
1730:Animal Experimentation: The Consensus Changes
1724:Report by the Council for Science and Society
4307:Moral status of animals in the ancient world
4153:, private letters, published with permission
3806:"Sympathy and Scapegoating in J. M. Coetzee"
3659:
3249:
3247:
3167:
2925:
2786:
2580:
2578:
550:
6274:Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society
6218:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
4245:Topics (overviews, concepts, issues, cases)
3960:, vol 54, no. 210, 1979, pp. 439–458.
3215:
3213:
3063:
3061:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2444:Mind and Body: The End of Apartheid (2004)
2265:The Problem of Living with Wildness (2001)
2236:Alas, Poor Darwin ed Hukary and Steven Rose
2220:Consciousness, Fatalism and Science (2000)
1759:The Use and Uselessness of Learning (1990)
306:
7136:Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature
4224:
4210:
3808:, in Anton Leist and Peter Singer (eds.).
3726:(2013) Scott, M., Hall, P., and Pheby, H.
3362:Midgley, Mary (2002). "New Introduction".
3357:
3355:
3344:Midgley, Mary (2002). "New Introduction".
3329:Midgley, Mary (2002). "New Introduction".
3191:
3189:
3168:Mary Midgley, ed. (2007). "Contributors".
3023:
3021:
2019:Sustainability and Moral Pluralism (1996)
1712:Myths of Intellectual Isolation (1988–89)
1608:Can Specialist Damage Your Health? (1987)
1398:The Objection to Systematic Humbug (1978)
726:dealt with the theories of physicists and
566:
31:
6421:Media (books, films, periodicals, albums)
6358:Human Environment Animal Protection Party
3571:
3547:
3530:
3244:
3027:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2575:
2135:Being Scientific about Our Selves (1999)
1682:Teleological Theories of Morality (1988)
1497:Consequentialism and Common Sense (1980)
964:. Routledge, 1978; revised edition 1995.
931:in Newcastle during 2006, as part of the
776:
6479:Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology
4731:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals
3210:
3141:
3058:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2625:
2222:The Human Person in Science and Theology
2157:The Origins of Don Giovanni (1999–2000)
2109:Putting Ourselves Together Again (1998)
1739:ed. Mary E. Clark and Sandra A. Wawritko
962:Beast and Man: The Roots of Human Nature
354:
333:
4322:Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare
3628:
3553:
3512:
3409:
3376:
3361:
3352:
3343:
3328:
3303:
3278:
3253:
3219:
3186:
3098:
3067:
3018:
2991:
2811:
2746:
2705:
2680:
2655:
2306:Does the Earth Concern Us? (2001–2002)
2092:Oxford Amnesty Lectures ed Wes Williams
1797:ed. Peter Singer (Available in Spanish
1714:Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society
1540:How Humans Adapt: A Biocultural Odyssey
582:Midgley also expressed her interest in
555:Midgley argued that philosophy is like
7101:Academics of the University of Reading
7068:
4399:Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness
3477:
2912:
2872:"Honorary Degrees – Durham University"
2831:
2602:
2591:
2327:Pluralism: The Many-Maps Model (2002)
2111:Consciousness and Human Human Identity
1915:Philosophy and the Natural Environment
1376:Ethics, Theory and Contemporary Issues
1288:Ou Sont les Neiges de ma Tante (1959)
605:
545:
7146:People educated at Downe House School
7131:Fellows of Somerville College, Oxford
6615:Political Animals and Animal Politics
6419:
6203:Massachusetts Animal Rights Coalition
6128:Centre for Animals and Social Justice
6029:
5005:
4535:Concentrated animal feeding operation
4312:Timeline of animal welfare and rights
4267:Animal rights by country or territory
4243:
4205:
2735:
2636:
2452:Scientific and Medical Network Review
2352:Journal of Anthropological Psychology
1825:ed. David E. Cooper and Joy A. Palmer
990:. University of Georgia Press, 1983.
231:
7106:Alumni of Somerville College, Oxford
6346:Animalist Party with the Environment
4628:Animal testing on non-human primates
3928:"Selfish Genes and Social Darwinism"
3451:
2950:
2931:
2154:ed Tim Dunne and Nicholas J. Wheeler
2095:Visions of Embattled Science (1997)
1931:ed. Aubrey Manning and James Serpell
1917:ed. Robin Attfield and Andrew Belsey
1913:The End of Anthropocentrism? (1994)
1576:(1986) ed. Donald Vandeveer also in
1521:Human Ideals and Human Needs (1983)
1426:Brutality and Sentimentality (1979)
1038:This is dedicated "to the memory of
6770:Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home
4975:World Day for the End of Speciesism
3866:, vol. 53, 1978, pp. 455–464.
3142:Wakeford, Tom (22 September 2000).
2075:ed Richard Smith and Paul Standish)
1975:Visions, Secular and Sacred (1995)
1934:Zombies and the Turing Test (1995)
1903:Visions, Secular and Sacred (1994)
1883:Beasts versus the Biosphere (1992)
1841:The Gospel and Contemporary Culture
1828:The Significance of Species (1992)
1735:Why Smartness is Not Enough (1990)
1675:Beasts, Brutes and Monsters (1988)
1161:Earthy Realism: The Meaning of Gaia
927:Midgley agreed to sit for sculptor
852:as part of a series of articles on
13:
6895:Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism
6238:United Activists for Animal Rights
6148:Doctors Against Animal Experiments
4282:Animal cruelty–Holocaust analogies
3971:
3938:, vol 58, 1983, pp. 365–377.
3812:. Columbia University Press, 2010.
3765:, vol 56, 1981, pp. 556–573.
3226:. Demos publications. p. 11.
3105:. Demos publications. p. 24.
3074:. Demos publications. p. 21.
2322:The Evolution of Cultural Entities
2315:Proceedings of the British Academy
2053:, No. 1 (Joint with Judith Hughes)
1965:ed. Alan Race and Roger Williamson
1869:10.1111/j.1741-2005.1992.tb07240.x
1804:Is the Biosphere a Luxury? (1992)
1789:10.1111/j.1468-5930.1991.tb00411.x
1755:10.1111/j.1467-9833.1990.tb00262.x
1658:10.1111/j.1467-9744.1987.tb00845.x
1574:People, Penguins and Plastic Trees
1546:Selfish Genes and Social Darwinism
14:
7162:
7096:Academics of Newcastle University
7091:21st-century British philosophers
7086:20th-century British philosophers
6439:On Abstinence from Eating Animals
6399:Animal Rights National Conference
6322:Animal Protection Party of Canada
6279:Canadian Anti-Vivisection Society
6133:Chinese Animal Protection Network
6058:American Anti-Vivisection Society
5532:Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann
4287:Animal rights in Indian religions
4277:Animal rights and punk subculture
4231:
4178:
3956: (archived 31 October 2005),
3934: (archived 31 October 2005),
3862: (archived 31 October 2005),
2812:Anthony, Andrew (23 March 2014).
2637:Brown, Andrew (13 January 2001).
2418:Souls, Minds, Bodies, Planets pt1
2099:ed Ralph Levinson and Jeff Thomas
2097:Science Today: Problem or Crisis?
2029:One World – But a Big One (1996)
1992:Darwin's Central Problems (1995)
1565:Duties Concerning Islands (1983)
1268:The Emancipation of Women (1952)
1220:Biological and Cultural Evolution
1017:. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1983.
1001:Wickedness: A Philosophical Essay
924:and many other works by Coetzee.
867:
538:Midgley died at the age of 99 in
319:in Dulwich and later chaplain of
7046:
7045:
6607:Animal Rights Without Liberation
6258:Voice for Animals Humane Society
4985:World Day for the End of Fishing
4980:World Day for Laboratory Animals
4410:Equal consideration of interests
4118:"Mary Midgley: Moral missionary"
4057:Journal of Consciousness Studies
4055:, contribution to discussion on
3454:"Review of Are you an illusion?"
2913:Motyka, John (15 October 2018).
2846:"Honorary Fellow – Mary Midgley"
2747:Midgley, Mary (3 October 2005).
2603:Motyka, John (15 October 2018).
2137:Journal of Consciousness Studies
2031:Journal of Consciousness Studies
2011:Journal of Consciousness Studies
1936:Journal of Consciousness Studies
1620:Beyond the Bars: the Zoo Dilemma
510:Midgley was awarded an honorary
498:and this led to her first book,
6328:Animal Justice Party of Finland
6213:Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics
5422:Karl Christian Friedrich Krause
5010:(academics, writers, activists)
4903:Monkey selfie copyright dispute
3717:
3708:
3696:
3684:
3653:
3641:
3629:Midgley, Mary (20 April 2009).
3622:
3598:
3588:"Letters: Designs on Darwinism"
3580:
3471:
3452:Cave, Stephen (21 March 2014).
3445:
3436:
3403:
3370:
3337:
3322:
3297:
3272:
3135:
3130:Mac Cumhaill & Wiseman 2022
3092:
2985:
2944:
2906:
2885:
2864:
2563:List of animal rights advocates
2537:Does Science Make God Obsolete?
2386:Great Thinkers – James Lovelock
2212:Review of International Studies
2152:Human Rights in Global Politics
2056:Can Education be Moral? (1996)
2043:ed. Sarah Dunant and Roy Porter
1999:, No. 5214, pp. 1196–1198
1953:Introducing Applied Ethics ed.
1927:Bridge-Building at Last (1994)
1295:Is "Moral" Dirty Word? (1972)
1046:Can't We Make Moral Judgements?
950:
830:widespread discontent with the
146:
16:English philosopher (1919–2018)
7111:British animal rights scholars
6551:Animals, Property, and the Law
4623:Alternatives to animal testing
4292:Christianity and animal rights
2932:Heal, Jane (12 October 2018).
2766:
2724:
2699:
2674:
2649:
2403:Criticising the Cosmos (2003)
2313:Choosing the Selectors (2002)
1951:Trouble with Families? (1995)
1846:Philosophical Plumbing (1992)
1836:(1992) ed. Eugene C. Hargrove)
1684:An Encyclopaedia of Philosophy
1618:Keeping Species on Ice (1987)
1374:(1981) and MacKinnon, Barbara
1278:Bishop Butler: A Reply (1952)
785:published an article entitled
1:
6188:Korea Animal Rights Advocates
4893:Cambridge University primates
4425:Ethics of uncertain sentience
4157:"Interview with Mary Midgley"
4151:"Mary Midgley on C. S. Lewis"
4135:The Times Literary Supplement
3993:Mary Midgley: An Introduction
3759:"In Defence of Selfish Genes"
3556:"In Defence of Selfish Genes"
2951:Else, Liz (3 November 2001).
2685:. Routledge. pp. 93–94.
2568:
2516:A Plague On Both Their Houses
2491:10.1016/S0262-4079(06)60674-X
2122:The Problem of Humbug (1998)
2005:10.1126/science.268.5214.1196
1944:Reductive Megalomania (1995)
1778:Journal of Applied Philosophy
1761:European Journal of Education
1625:The Flight from Blame (1987)
1587:De-Dramatizing Darwin (1984)
1514:Why Knowledge Matters (1981)
1443:The All-Female Number (1979)
1042:who never said these things."
758:Midgley wrote her 2014 book,
435:, who began a project called
385:worsening political situation
6248:UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics
4393:Argument from marginal cases
3820:The New York Review of Books
3784:"Mary, Mary, quite contrary"
3748:"Mary, Mary, quite contrary"
3670:The New York Review of Books
3028:McEachran, Alan (May 2009).
2774:"Obituary: Geoffrey Midgley"
2639:"Mary, Mary, quite contrary"
2439:Counting the cost of revenge
2088:The Myths We Live By (1996)
2078:Science in the World (1996)
1922:Medicine and Moral Reasoning
1920:Darwinism and Ethics (1994)
1863:, No. 860, pp. 257–265
1793:The Origin of Ethics (1991)
1744:Journal of Social Philosophy
1632:, No. 241, pp. 271–291
1580:(1994) ed. Peter Singer and
1555:, No. 225, pp. 365–377
1470:, No. 210, pp. 439–458
1433:, No. 209, pp. 385–389
1419:(Reprinted in Midgley, Mary
1415:Freedom and Heredity (1978)
1405:, No. 204, pp. 147–169
1388:, No. 205, pp. 401–403
1370:(Reprinted in Midgley, Mary
1353:, No. 189, pp. 231–253
1322:, No. 148, pp. 111–135
1237:, Demos publications, 2001.
1146:The Owl of Minerva: A Memoir
647:Reductionism and materialism
628:Midgley's 2001 pamphlet for
387:. At Somerville she studied
248:. She wrote her first book,
7:
6535:Morals, Reason, and Animals
6163:Farm Animal Rights Movement
6113:Anonymous for the Voiceless
4797:International primate trade
4272:Anarchism and animal rights
4196:Science in the 20th Century
2953:"Mary, Mary quite contrary"
2556:
1968:The Mixed Community (1995)
1848:The Impulse to Philosophise
1823:The Environment in Question
1695:Practical Solutions (1988)
1487:, pp. 207–223+225-240
1302:, No 181, pp. 206–228
897:Animals and Why They Matter
714:dealt with the theories of
254:Animals and Why They Matter
117:Animals and Why They Matter
10:
7167:
7116:British women philosophers
6655:Making a Stand for Animals
6527:The Case for Animal Rights
6178:Hunt Saboteurs Association
6138:Cruelty Free International
6108:Anti-Vivisection Coalition
4633:Animal testing regulations
4021:The Essential Mary Midgley
3740:
3308:. Routledge. p. 199.
3283:. Routledge. p. 198.
3258:. Routledge. p. 172.
2749:"Proud not to be a doctor"
2710:. Routledge. p. 123.
2588:, Routledge, 2005, p. 143.
2586:The Essential Mary Midgley
2274:The Philosophers' Magazine
2183:The Hastings Center Report
2166:The Hastings Center Report
2021:Ethics and The Environment
1977:The Hastings Center Report
1957:(Joint with Judith Hughes)
1806:The Hastings Center Report
1728:Are You an Animal? (1989)
1697:The Hastings Center Report
1652:, No. 2, pp. 179–194
1528:, No. 223, pp. 89–94
1499:The Hastings Center Report
1450:No. 210, pp. 552–554
1275:, No. 901, pp. 217–25
1163:. Imprint Academic, 2007.
872:Midgley is referred to in
769:The Astonishing Hypothesis
610:Midgley was supportive of
379:for three months to learn
94:Somerville College, Oxford
7041:
7014:
6961:
6911:
6851:
6844:
6810:The Ghosts in Our Machine
6665:
6647:Animal Ethics in the Wild
6430:
6426:
6415:
6391:
6302:
6266:
6083:Animal Legal Defense Fund
6050:
6043:
6039:
6025:
5862:
5581:
5574:
5377:William Hamilton Drummond
5319:
5028:
5019:
5015:
5001:
4962:
4941:
4880:
4830:
4772:
4744:
4736:Welfare of farmed insects
4681:
4613:
4505:
4498:
4363:Animal–industrial complex
4330:
4254:
4250:
4239:
4053:"Of memes and witchcraft"
3650:, publisher's description
3606:"Jackson, 3 January 2008"
3573:10.1017/S0031819100050580
3532:10.1017/S0031819100063488
3492:10.1017/S0031819100026322
3197:"About us – Gaia Network"
2660:. Routledge. p. 62.
2541:John Templeton Foundation
1929:Animals and Human Society
1874:Can Science Save its Soul
1766:, No.3, pp. 283–294
1584:(1995) ed. Robert Elliot)
1156:(Midgley's autobiography)
551:The purpose of philosophy
505:
450:
399:Socialist Club alongside
321:King's College, Cambridge
283:Midgley strongly opposed
280:, was published in 2005.
220:
192:
180:
170:
160:
156:
133:
105:
88:
65:
42:
30:
23:
6888:Journal of Animal Ethics
6754:Your Mommy Kills Animals
6143:Direct Action Everywhere
5547:Johann Heinrich Winckler
5492:Nathaniel Peabody Rogers
4949:Direct Action Everywhere
4653:Huntingdon Life Sciences
4638:Labcorp Drug Development
4595:Feedback (pork industry)
4560:Intensive animal farming
4297:History of animal rights
3977:Lipscomb, Benjamin J.B.
3889:Owl of Minerva: A Memoir
3172:. Societas. p. vi.
3144:"In a climate of change"
2505:, No. 3, pp. 271–2
2470:Proud not to be a doctor
2245:God for the 21st Century
2171:, No. 2, pp. 41–43
1982:, No. 5, pp. 20–27
1890:, No. 1, pp. 113–21
1702:, No. 6, pp. 44–45
1504:, No. 5, pp. 43–44
945:Yorkshire Sculpture Park
943:. This was exhibited at
766:'s argument in his book
533:
518:in 1995 and an honorary
478:In 1949 Midgley went to
467:. She began research on
447:, Midgley and Murdoch).
307:Early life and education
7126:Environmental ethicists
7023:Holocaust on your Plate
6794:An Apology to Elephants
6575:Do Animals Have Rights?
6511:Animals, Men and Morals
6487:Better-World Philosophy
6364:Italian Animalist Party
6243:United Poultry Concerns
6198:Last Chance for Animals
6093:Animal Liberation Front
5980:Maud Ingersoll Probasco
4465:Replaceability argument
4383:Animal-free agriculture
3817:"Disturbing the Peace,"
3779:. Hesworth Press, 2008.
3364:Evolution as a Religion
3346:Evolution as a Religion
3331:Evolution as a Religion
3223:Gaia: The next big idea
3102:Gaia: The next big idea
3071:Gaia: The next big idea
2934:"Mary Midgley obituary"
2528:Mary Midgley on Dawkins
2392:Curiouser and curiouser
2279:Being Objective (2001)
2188:, No. 5, pp. 7–15
2164:Alchemy Revived (2000)
1941:, No. 4, pp. 351–2
1811:, No. 3, pp. 7–12
1749:, No. 1, pp. 5–15
1672:, No. 4, pp. 17–19
1599:Persons and Non-Persons
1234:Gaia: The Next Big Idea
1200:What Is Philosophy For?
1048:. Bristol Press, 1989.
812:Evolution as a Religion
728:artificial intelligence
716:evolutionary biologists
712:Evolution as a Religion
696:Evolution as a Religion
633:Gaia: The next big idea
567:Philosophy and religion
363:at Oxford, going up to
338:Midgley's father was a
266:Evolution as a Religion
165:Contemporary philosophy
122:Evolution as a Religion
6996:Salvation of Innocents
6543:Zoos and Animal Rights
6118:Beauty Without Cruelty
6078:Animal Justice Project
5412:John Zephaniah Holwell
5066:Stephen St. C. Bostock
4643:Great ape research ban
4262:Animal rights movement
4019:Midgley, David (ed.).
3896:"Designs on Darwinism"
3418:. Routledge. pp.
3410:Midgley, Mary (2003).
3377:Midgley, Mary (2003).
3304:Midgley, Mary (2001).
3279:Midgley, Mary (2001).
3254:Midgley, Mary (2001).
3220:Midgley, Mary (2001).
3148:Times Higher Education
3099:Midgley, Mary (2001).
3068:Midgley, Mary (2001).
3037:Erasmus Darwin Society
2992:Midgley, Mary (2003).
2893:"Philosophy Now Award"
2706:Midgley, Mary (2005).
2681:Midgley, Mary (2005).
2656:Midgley, Mary (2005).
2511:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800798
2357:Enough is never enough
935:, along with heads of
836:
777:Midgley–Dawkins debate
689:comparative psychology
368:
353:
343:
313:Thomas Edward Scrutton
7015:Fairs and exhibitions
6902:The Animals' Defender
6874:Cahiers antispécistes
6802:Speciesism: The Movie
6623:Animal (De)liberation
6583:Striking at the Roots
6495:The Universal Kinship
6455:The Rights of Animals
6376:People Animals Nature
6370:Party for the Animals
6183:In Defense of Animals
5945:Nina Douglas-Hamilton
5332:David Renaud Boullier
4918:Silver Spring monkeys
4817:Wild animal suffering
4726:Pain in invertebrates
4565:Intensive pig farming
4455:Opposition to hunting
4420:Ethics of eating meat
3991:McElwain, Gregory S.
3856:The Law of the Jungle
3385:. Routledge. p.
3000:. Routledge. p.
2104:Religion and the Body
2090:The Values of Science
1852:A. Phillips Griffiths
1795:A Companion To Ethics
1603:In Defense of Animals
1378:(Third Edition 2001))
1346:The Game Game (1974)
1290:The Twentieth Century
1280:The Twentieth Century
1270:The Twentieth Century
838:In an interview with
828:
789:, praising Dawkins's
358:
345:
337:
227:Mary Beatrice Midgley
207:philosophy of science
7121:English philosophers
6631:Sentientist Politics
6559:The Lives of Animals
6310:Animal Justice Party
6123:Born Free Foundation
5960:Lizzy Lind af Hageby
5834:Wendy Turner-Webster
5542:Adam Gottlieb Weigen
4764:Recreational fishing
4605:Ventilation shutdown
4373:Animal protectionism
4353:Animal consciousness
4159:, by Sheila Heti in
4145:Three Monkeys Online
4124:, 20 September 2005.
4097:24 July 2011 at the
3995:. Bloomsbury, 2020.
3907:The Myths We Live By
3663:(20 November 2003).
3554:Dawkins, R. (1981).
3513:Midgley, M. (1979).
3414:The myths we live by
3381:The myths we live by
2996:The myths we live by
2476:Designs on Darwinism
2435:(2004) New Statesman
2410:Zombies (2003–2004)
2388:(2003) New Statesman
2363:It's all in the mind
2207:(2000) New Statesman
2201:(2000) New Statesman
2132:(1999) New Statesman
2130:Descartes' prisoners
2119:(1999) New Statesman
1885:Environmental Values
1686:ed. G.H.R. Parkinson
1582:Environmental Ethics
1542:ed. Donald J. Ortner
1202:. Bloomsbury, 2018.
1187:Are you an Illusion?
1013:with Judith Hughes.
933:Environment Triptych
918:The Lives of Animals
884:The Lives of Animals
875:The Lives of Animals
816:The Myths We Live By
801:psychological egoism
760:Are you an illusion?
745:scientific pluralism
738:The myths we live by
724:Science as Salvation
700:Science as Salvation
542:on 10 October 2018.
524:Newcastle University
492:Newcastle University
270:Science as Salvation
242:Newcastle University
127:Science as Salvation
7055:( 139 )
6881:Etica & Animali
6867:Between the Species
6591:An American Trilogy
6284:Humanitarian League
5895:Frances Power Cobbe
5507:Arthur Schopenhauer
5502:Henry Stephens Salt
5382:Edward Payson Evans
5076:Stephen R. L. Clark
4933:War of the currents
4822:Wildlife management
4716:Pain in crustaceans
4711:Pain in cephalopods
4023:. Routledge, 2005.
4009:. Routledge, 2015.
3902:, 6 September 2005.
3618:on 22 October 2007.
3594:. 5 September 2005.
3442:Midgley 1992, p. 14
2478:(2005) The Guardian
2472:(2005) The Guardian
2450:Why Clones? (2004)
2441:(2004) The Guardian
2400:(2003) The Guardian
2394:(2003) The Guardian
2365:(2002) The Guardian
2359:(2002) The Guardian
2262:(2001) The Guardian
2247:ed Russell Stannard
2241:The Need for Wonder
2205:Both nice and nasty
1895:Society and Animals
1843:ed. Hugh Montefiore
1148:. Routledge, 2005.
1135:. Routledge, 2003.
1122:. Routledge, 2001.
1109:. Routledge, 1996.
1096:. Routledge, 1994.
1074:. Routledge, 1992.
1061:. Routledge, 1989.
1003:. Routledge, 1984.
977:. Routledge, 1981.
860:. In her 2010 book
733:genetic engineering
606:Gaia and philosophy
546:Ideas and arguments
520:Doctor of Civil Law
329:Cold Ash, Berkshire
262:The Ethical Primate
187:Analytic philosophy
7151:People from London
6818:Unlocking the Cage
6639:Wild Animal Ethics
6463:The Ethics of Diet
6340:Animalist Movement
6316:Animal Politics EU
6228:Sentience Politics
5854:That Vegan Teacher
5467:Siobhan O'Sullivan
5452:José Ferrater Mora
5261:Steve F. Sapontzis
4754:Commercial fishing
4706:Pain in amphibians
4696:Cruelty to animals
4668:Operation Backfire
4507:Animal agriculture
4415:Emotion in animals
4129:The Owl of Minerva
4064:Science and Poetry
3923:. Routledge, 1985.
3909:. Routledge, 2003.
3891:. Routledge, 2005.
3790:, 3 November 2001.
3757:Dawkins, Richard.
3754:, 13 January 2001.
3306:Science and poetry
3281:Science and poetry
3256:Science and poetry
3240:on 30 August 2005.
3119:on 30 August 2005.
3088:on 30 August 2005.
2919:The New York Times
2708:The Owl of Minerva
2683:The Owl of Minerva
2658:The Owl of Minerva
2609:The New York Times
2458:Visions and Values
2407:ed Willem B. Drees
2380:Science and Poetry
2373:Situation Analysis
2369:Science and Poetry
2272:Wickedness (2001)
2234:Why Memes? (2000)
2145:Models of the Self
2069:10.1007/BF02335711
2041:The Age of Anxiety
1972:ed. James P. Serba
1963:True to this Earth
1677:What Is An Animal?
1518:ed. David Sperling
1336:, pp. 211–29
1120:Science And Poetry
892:Elizabeth Costello
641:Science and Poetry
480:Reading University
373:Somerville College
369:
344:
325:Downe House School
278:The Owl of Minerva
175:Western philosophy
7063:
7062:
7056:
7037:
7036:
7033:
7032:
7004:Onward to Freedom
6972:Animal Liberation
6957:
6956:
6778:Forks Over Knives
6730:Peaceable Kingdom
6690:Shores of Silence
6682:A Cow at My Table
6567:Eternal Treblinka
6519:Animal Liberation
6411:
6410:
6407:
6406:
6298:
6297:
6233:Uncaged Campaigns
6208:Mercy for Animals
6173:Great Ape Project
6088:Animal Liberation
6034:(groups, parties)
6021:
6020:
6017:
6016:
6013:
6012:
5920:Elizabeth Farians
5829:Christine Townend
5769:Heather Nicholson
5694:Brigitte Gothière
5684:Antoine Goetschel
5570:
5569:
5231:Charles Patterson
5136:Gary L. Francione
5111:Josephine Donovan
5101:Daniel Dombrowski
5081:Alasdair Cochrane
4997:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4876:
4875:
4807:Predation problem
4691:Animal euthanasia
4600:Foam depopulation
4435:Insects in ethics
4085:, 16 August 2003.
3916:. Routledge 1992.
3839:978-0-385-54570-9
3801:, 3 January 2008.
3648:The Solitary Self
3611:Independent.co.uk
2961:. Reed Elsevier.
2779:Independent.co.uk
2337:How real are you?
2126:ed Matthew Kieram
1948:ed. John Cornwall
1292:, pp. 168–79
1262:Selected articles
1182:978-1-84465-253-2
762:as a response to
516:Durham University
433:Durham University
224:
223:
57:13 September 1919
7158:
7054:
7049:
7048:
6860:Animal Sentience
6849:
6848:
6714:Legally Blonde 2
6674:The Animals Film
6428:
6427:
6417:
6416:
6223:Rise for Animals
6048:
6047:
6041:
6040:
6027:
6026:
5890:Edith Carrington
5794:Craig Rosebraugh
5754:Virginia McKenna
5744:Jo-Anne McArthur
5674:Juliet Gellatley
5579:
5578:
5537:Mary Anne Warren
5477:Humphrey Primatt
5462:Edward Nicholson
5432:Charles R. Magel
5397:Thomas G. Gentry
5256:Richard D. Ryder
5196:Thomas Lepeltier
5026:
5025:
5017:
5016:
5003:
5002:
4970:World Animal Day
4928:Unnecessary Fuss
4888:Brown Dog affair
4858:Animals in sport
4848:Animal slaughter
4843:Animal sacrifice
4782:Culling wildlife
4585:Wildlife farming
4503:
4502:
4348:Animal cognition
4317:Total liberation
4252:
4251:
4241:
4240:
4226:
4219:
4212:
4203:
4202:
4171:, review in the
4163:, February 2008.
4147:, February 2007.
4137:, 26 April 2006.
4106:Myths We Live By
4090:Myths We Live By
4077:Myths We Live By
4059:newsgroup, 1999.
4038:Gifford Lectures
3981:. Oxford, 2021.
3884:, 20 April 2009.
3851:
3734:
3721:
3715:
3712:
3706:
3700:
3694:
3688:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3657:
3651:
3645:
3639:
3638:
3626:
3620:
3619:
3614:. Archived from
3602:
3596:
3595:
3584:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3566:(218): 556–573.
3551:
3545:
3544:
3534:
3525:(210): 439–458.
3510:
3504:
3503:
3486:(206): 455–464.
3475:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3449:
3443:
3440:
3434:
3433:
3417:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3384:
3374:
3368:
3367:
3359:
3350:
3349:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3326:
3320:
3319:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3251:
3242:
3241:
3236:. Archived from
3217:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3193:
3184:
3183:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3139:
3133:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3115:. Archived from
3096:
3090:
3089:
3084:. Archived from
3065:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3046:on 27 March 2014
3045:
3039:. Archived from
3034:
3025:
3016:
3015:
2999:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2973:on 30 March 2016
2969:. Archived from
2948:
2942:
2941:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2878:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2852:on 24 March 2014
2848:. Archived from
2842:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2809:
2784:
2783:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2744:
2733:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2634:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2615:
2600:
2589:
2582:
2292:10.1038/35071193
2231:ed Neil Roughley
2217:, pp. 29–44
2113:ed John Cornwall
2106:ed Sarah Coakley
1910:, pp. 74–93
1905:Milltown Studies
1732:ed. Gill Langley
1605:, pp. 52–62
1189:. Acumen, 2014.
1176:. Acumen, 2010.
1133:Myths We Live By
1088:Gifford Lectures
850:The Selfish Gene
808:The Selfish Gene
797:The Selfish Gene
792:The Selfish Gene
484:Geoffrey Midgley
412:Second World War
359:Midgley studied
235:
199:Moral philosophy
150:
148:
139:Geoffrey Midgley
108:
101:
72:
56:
54:
35:
21:
20:
7166:
7165:
7161:
7160:
7159:
7157:
7156:
7155:
7066:
7065:
7064:
7059:
7029:
7010:
6953:
6934:Muutoksen kevät
6907:
6840:
6746:Behind the Mask
6661:
6471:Animals' Rights
6422:
6403:
6387:
6294:
6262:
6035:
6009:
5870:Cleveland Amory
5858:
5824:Darren Thurston
5819:Marianne Thieme
5669:Bruce Friedrich
5634:Joey Carbstrong
5619:Brigitte Bardot
5566:
5557:Jon Wynne-Tyson
5447:J. Howard Moore
5392:John Galsworthy
5372:Wilhelm Dietler
5315:
5311:Corey Lee Wrenn
5221:Martha Nussbaum
5131:Lawrence Finsen
5071:Paola Cavalieri
5046:Kristin Andrews
5021:
5011:
4989:
4958:
4937:
4872:
4826:
4768:
4740:
4701:Pain in animals
4677:
4609:
4575:Poultry farming
4494:
4326:
4246:
4235:
4230:
4181:
4168:The Genial Self
4099:Wayback Machine
4072:, 2 March 2001.
3974:
3972:Further reading
3954:Wayback Machine
3950:"Gene Juggling"
3948:Midgley, Mary.
3932:Wayback Machine
3926:Midgley, Mary.
3919:Midgley, Mary.
3912:Midgley, Mary.
3905:Midgley, Mary.
3894:Midgley, Mary.
3887:Midgley, Mary.
3876:Midgley, Mary.
3860:Wayback Machine
3840:
3799:The Independent
3793:Jackson, Nick.
3743:
3738:
3737:
3722:
3718:
3713:
3709:
3701:
3697:
3689:
3685:
3675:
3673:
3658:
3654:
3646:
3642:
3627:
3623:
3604:
3603:
3599:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3552:
3548:
3515:"Gene-juggling"
3511:
3507:
3476:
3472:
3462:
3460:
3458:Financial Times
3450:
3446:
3441:
3437:
3430:
3408:
3404:
3397:
3375:
3371:
3360:
3353:
3342:
3338:
3327:
3323:
3316:
3302:
3298:
3291:
3277:
3273:
3266:
3252:
3245:
3234:
3218:
3211:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3194:
3187:
3180:
3170:Earthly realism
3166:
3162:
3152:
3150:
3140:
3136:
3128:
3124:
3113:
3097:
3093:
3082:
3066:
3059:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3032:
3026:
3019:
3012:
2990:
2986:
2976:
2974:
2949:
2945:
2930:
2926:
2911:
2907:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2855:
2853:
2844:
2843:
2832:
2822:
2820:
2810:
2787:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2757:
2755:
2745:
2736:
2729:
2725:
2718:
2704:
2700:
2693:
2679:
2675:
2668:
2654:
2650:
2635:
2626:
2613:
2611:
2601:
2592:
2583:
2576:
2571:
2559:
2554:
2251:What Gaia Means
2194:10.2307/3527881
2177:10.2307/3528314
2080:Science Studies
1988:10.2307/3562790
1880:, pp. 43–6
1858:New Blackfriars
1817:10.2307/3563291
1772:10.2307/1503318
1708:10.2307/3561992
1510:10.2307/3561052
953:
908:Robinson Crusoe
870:
841:The Independent
779:
673:existentialists
649:
616:Gaia hypothesis
608:
575:Midgley's book
569:
553:
548:
536:
508:
453:
437:In Parenthesis]
389:Mods and Greats
309:
297:Gaia hypothesis
293:Richard Dawkins
195:
152:
149: 1950)
144:
140:
125:
120:
115:
106:
92:
89:Alma mater
84:
74:
70:
69:10 October 2018
61:
60:London, England
58:
52:
50:
49:
48:
38:
37:Midgley in 2002
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7164:
7154:
7153:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7061:
7060:
7058:
7057:
7042:
7039:
7038:
7035:
7034:
7031:
7030:
7028:
7027:
7018:
7016:
7012:
7011:
7009:
7008:
7000:
6992:
6984:
6976:
6967:
6965:
6959:
6958:
6955:
6954:
6952:
6951:
6944:
6937:
6930:
6923:
6915:
6913:
6909:
6908:
6906:
6905:
6898:
6891:
6884:
6877:
6870:
6863:
6855:
6853:
6846:
6842:
6841:
6839:
6838:
6830:
6822:
6814:
6806:
6798:
6790:
6782:
6774:
6766:
6758:
6750:
6742:
6734:
6726:
6718:
6710:
6706:Meet Your Meat
6702:
6694:
6686:
6678:
6669:
6667:
6663:
6662:
6660:
6659:
6651:
6643:
6635:
6627:
6619:
6611:
6603:
6595:
6587:
6579:
6571:
6563:
6555:
6547:
6539:
6531:
6523:
6515:
6507:
6503:The New Ethics
6499:
6491:
6483:
6475:
6467:
6459:
6451:
6443:
6434:
6432:
6424:
6423:
6413:
6412:
6409:
6408:
6405:
6404:
6402:
6401:
6395:
6393:
6389:
6388:
6386:
6385:
6379:
6373:
6367:
6361:
6355:
6349:
6343:
6337:
6334:Animals' Party
6331:
6325:
6319:
6313:
6306:
6304:
6300:
6299:
6296:
6295:
6293:
6292:
6287:
6281:
6276:
6270:
6268:
6264:
6263:
6261:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6103:AnimaNaturalis
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6073:Animal Justice
6070:
6065:
6060:
6054:
6052:
6045:
6037:
6036:
6023:
6022:
6019:
6018:
6015:
6014:
6011:
6010:
6008:
6007:
6005:Gretchen Wyler
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5935:Lewis Gompertz
5932:
5927:
5925:Emarel Freshel
5922:
5917:
5915:Muriel Dowding
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5866:
5864:
5860:
5859:
5857:
5856:
5851:
5849:Gary Yourofsky
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5764:Ingrid Newkirk
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5704:Charlotte Laws
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5629:Yves Bonnardel
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5604:Martin Balluch
5601:
5596:
5591:
5585:
5583:
5576:
5572:
5571:
5568:
5567:
5565:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5552:Steven M. Wise
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5497:Bernard Rollin
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5457:Leonard Nelson
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5362:Herman Daggett
5359:
5354:
5352:Priscilla Cohn
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5327:Jeremy Bentham
5323:
5321:
5317:
5316:
5314:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5241:Jessica Pierce
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5171:Kyle Johannsen
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5096:David DeGrazia
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5036:Carol J. Adams
5032:
5030:
5023:
5013:
5012:
4999:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4991:
4990:
4988:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4966:
4964:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4956:
4951:
4945:
4943:
4939:
4938:
4936:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4908:Pit of despair
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4884:
4882:
4878:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4838:Abandoned pets
4834:
4832:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4778:
4776:
4770:
4769:
4767:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4750:
4748:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4687:
4685:
4683:Animal welfare
4679:
4678:
4676:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4658:Model organism
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4619:
4617:
4615:Animal testing
4611:
4610:
4608:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4590:Working animal
4587:
4582:
4580:Slaughterhouse
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4555:Insect farming
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4515:Animal product
4511:
4509:
4500:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4470:Sentiocentrism
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4378:Animal welfare
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4334:
4332:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4258:
4256:
4248:
4247:
4237:
4236:
4229:
4228:
4221:
4214:
4206:
4200:
4199:
4192:
4191:
4180:
4179:External links
4177:
4176:
4175:
4173:Oxonian Review
4164:
4154:
4148:
4138:
4125:
4115:
4102:
4086:
4073:
4060:
4050:
4041:
4031:
4017:
4003:
4001:978-1350047563
3989:
3987:978-0197541074
3973:
3970:
3969:
3968:
3946:
3924:
3917:
3910:
3903:
3892:
3885:
3874:
3854:Mackie, J. L.
3852:
3838:
3823:
3815:Lodge, David.
3813:
3802:
3791:
3780:
3773:
3755:
3742:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3732:978-0955867514
3716:
3707:
3695:
3683:
3652:
3640:
3621:
3597:
3579:
3546:
3505:
3470:
3444:
3435:
3428:
3402:
3395:
3369:
3351:
3348:. p. iii.
3336:
3321:
3315:978-0415378482
3314:
3296:
3290:978-0415378482
3289:
3271:
3265:978-0415378482
3264:
3243:
3232:
3209:
3185:
3179:978-1845400804
3178:
3160:
3134:
3122:
3111:
3091:
3080:
3057:
3030:"Mary Midgley"
3017:
3010:
2984:
2943:
2924:
2905:
2884:
2863:
2830:
2785:
2765:
2734:
2731:In Parenthesis
2723:
2716:
2698:
2691:
2673:
2666:
2648:
2624:
2590:
2584:Mary Midgley,
2573:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2543:
2534:
2525:
2520:Philosophy Now
2513:
2493:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2455:
2448:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2427:Philosophy Now
2415:
2414:pp. 13–14
2412:Philosophy Now
2408:
2401:
2395:
2389:
2383:
2366:
2360:
2354:
2345:
2334:
2329:Philosophy Now
2325:
2311:
2304:
2298:Philosophy Now
2294:
2286:, p. 753
2277:
2270:
2263:
2257:
2248:
2238:
2232:
2225:
2218:
2208:
2202:
2196:
2179:
2162:
2159:Philosophy Now
2155:
2148:
2143:(Reprinted in
2133:
2127:
2120:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2076:
2071:(Reprinted in
2054:
2044:
2037:
2027:
2017:
2007:
1990:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1949:
1942:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1911:
1901:
1891:
1881:
1871:
1854:
1844:
1837:
1830:The Moral Life
1826:
1819:
1802:
1791:
1774:
1757:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1720:
1710:
1693:
1687:
1680:
1679:ed. Tim Ingold
1673:
1660:
1640:
1623:
1616:
1606:
1596:
1585:
1572:(Reprinted in
1563:
1543:
1536:
1519:
1512:
1495:
1478:
1458:
1441:
1424:
1421:Heart and Mind
1413:
1396:
1379:
1372:Heart and Mind
1361:
1344:
1330:
1310:
1293:
1286:
1276:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1245:
1230:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1208:978-1350051072
1197:
1195:978-1844657926
1184:
1171:
1157:
1143:
1130:
1117:
1104:
1091:
1084:available here
1069:
1056:
1043:
1040:Charles Darwin
1025:
1011:
998:
985:
972:
958:
957:
952:
949:
941:James Lovelock
869:
868:Midgley in art
866:
778:
775:
677:Desmond Morris
648:
645:
623:Earthy realism
612:James Lovelock
607:
604:
568:
565:
552:
549:
547:
544:
535:
532:
528:Philosophy Now
507:
504:
465:Gilbert Murray
461:Bedford School
452:
449:
340:King's College
308:
305:
222:
221:
218:
217:
196:
194:Main interests
193:
190:
189:
184:
178:
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172:
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158:
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154:
153:
142:
138:
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109:
103:
102:
90:
86:
85:
75:
73:(aged 99)
67:
63:
62:
59:
46:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7163:
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7052:
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7019:
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7013:
7006:
7005:
7001:
6998:
6997:
6993:
6990:
6989:
6985:
6982:
6981:
6980:Tame Yourself
6977:
6974:
6973:
6969:
6968:
6966:
6964:
6960:
6950:
6949:
6945:
6943:
6942:
6941:No Compromise
6938:
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6931:
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6928:
6924:
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6807:
6804:
6803:
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6759:
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6755:
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6711:
6708:
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6703:
6700:
6699:
6695:
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6687:
6684:
6683:
6679:
6676:
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6671:
6670:
6668:
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6657:
6656:
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6628:
6625:
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6609:
6608:
6604:
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6584:
6580:
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6508:
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6504:
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6497:
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6489:
6488:
6484:
6481:
6480:
6476:
6473:
6472:
6468:
6465:
6464:
6460:
6457:
6456:
6452:
6449:
6448:
6444:
6442:(3rd century)
6441:
6440:
6436:
6435:
6433:
6429:
6425:
6418:
6414:
6400:
6397:
6396:
6394:
6390:
6383:
6380:
6377:
6374:
6372:(Netherlands)
6371:
6368:
6365:
6362:
6359:
6356:
6353:
6350:
6347:
6344:
6341:
6338:
6335:
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6329:
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6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6098:Animal Rising
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6068:Animal Ethics
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6055:
6053:
6049:
6046:
6042:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6024:
6006:
6003:
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5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5965:Jessie Mackay
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5940:James Granger
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5875:Henry B. Amos
5873:
5871:
5868:
5867:
5865:
5861:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5844:Louise Wallis
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5809:Kim Stallwood
5807:
5805:
5804:Jasmin Singer
5802:
5800:
5799:Nathan Runkle
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5784:David Olivier
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
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5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5664:John Feldmann
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5639:Aymeric Caron
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5609:Carole Baskin
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5586:
5584:
5580:
5577:
5573:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5512:Laurids Smith
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5482:James Rachels
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5427:John Lawrence
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5337:Brigid Brophy
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5318:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5301:Tatjana Višak
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5291:David Sztybel
5289:
5287:
5286:Cass Sunstein
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5251:Mark Rowlands
5249:
5247:
5246:Evelyn Pluhar
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5201:Andrew Linzey
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5186:Will Kymlicka
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5166:Dale Jamieson
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5146:Valéry Giroux
5144:
5142:
5141:Robert Garner
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5106:Sue Donaldson
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5086:J. M. Coetzee
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5051:Tom Beauchamp
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5033:
5031:
5027:
5024:
5018:
5014:
5009:
5004:
5000:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4961:
4955:
4954:Hunt sabotage
4952:
4950:
4947:
4946:
4944:
4942:Methodologies
4940:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4883:
4879:
4869:
4866:
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4788:
4787:Hare coursing
4785:
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4771:
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4533:
4531:
4530:Chick culling
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4508:
4504:
4501:
4497:
4491:
4490:Vegetarianism
4488:
4486:
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4478:
4476:
4473:
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4408:
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4400:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4388:Anthrozoology
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4358:Animal ethics
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4335:
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4329:
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4285:
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4280:
4278:
4275:
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4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4233:Animal rights
4227:
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4220:
4215:
4213:
4208:
4207:
4204:
4197:
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4158:
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4149:
4146:
4142:
4139:
4136:
4132:
4130:
4126:
4123:
4119:
4116:
4113:
4112:New Statesman
4109:
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4103:
4100:
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4093:
4091:
4087:
4084:
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4074:
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4065:
4061:
4058:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4045:
4042:
4039:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4029:0-415-34642-8
4026:
4022:
4018:
4016:
4015:1-138-89838-4
4012:
4008:
4004:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3988:
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3976:
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3861:
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3845:
3841:
3835:
3831:
3830:
3824:
3821:
3818:
3814:
3811:
3807:
3804:Lamey, Andy.
3803:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3789:
3788:New Scientist
3785:
3781:
3778:
3775:Edgar, John.
3774:
3772:
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3474:
3459:
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3448:
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3431:
3429:9780415309066
3425:
3421:
3416:
3415:
3406:
3398:
3396:9780415309066
3392:
3388:
3383:
3382:
3373:
3365:
3358:
3356:
3347:
3340:
3333:. p. ix.
3332:
3325:
3317:
3311:
3307:
3300:
3292:
3286:
3282:
3275:
3267:
3261:
3257:
3250:
3248:
3239:
3235:
3233:1-84180-075-9
3229:
3225:
3224:
3216:
3214:
3198:
3192:
3190:
3181:
3175:
3171:
3164:
3149:
3145:
3138:
3132:, p. ix.
3131:
3126:
3118:
3114:
3112:1-84180-075-9
3108:
3104:
3103:
3095:
3087:
3083:
3081:1-84180-075-9
3077:
3073:
3072:
3064:
3062:
3042:
3038:
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3024:
3022:
3013:
3011:9780415309066
3007:
3003:
2998:
2997:
2988:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2959:
2958:New Scientist
2954:
2947:
2939:
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2808:
2806:
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2800:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2782:. 7 May 1997.
2781:
2780:
2775:
2769:
2754:
2750:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2732:
2727:
2719:
2717:0-415-36788-3
2713:
2709:
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2692:0-415-36788-3
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2667:0-415-36788-3
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2483:New Scientist
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2409:
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2402:
2399:
2398:Fate by fluke
2396:
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2346:
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2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2326:
2323:
2320:published as
2319:
2316:
2312:
2309:
2308:Gaia Circular
2305:
2302:
2299:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2276:pp. 23–5
2275:
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2035:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1955:Brenda Almond
1950:
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1878:New Scientist
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1461:Gene-Juggling
1459:
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1256:0-902227-17-3
1253:
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1243:1-84180-075-9
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1228:0-904674-08-8
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1169:1-84540-080-1
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1154:0-415-36788-3
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1147:
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1141:0-415-34077-2
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1129:
1128:0-415-27632-2
1125:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1115:0-415-13378-5
1112:
1108:
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1103:
1102:0-415-13224-X
1099:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1080:0-415-10773-3
1077:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1067:0-415-02830-2
1064:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1054:1-85399-166-X
1051:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1036:0-415-27832-5
1033:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1023:0-312-88791-4
1020:
1016:
1012:
1010:
1009:0-415-25398-5
1006:
1002:
999:
997:
996:0-8203-2041-2
993:
989:
986:
984:
983:0-415-30449-0
980:
976:
973:
971:
970:0-415-28987-4
967:
963:
960:
959:
955:
954:
948:
946:
942:
938:
937:Richard Mabey
934:
930:
925:
923:
919:
915:
914:
909:
904:
902:
901:Beast and Man
898:
894:
893:
887:
885:
881:
880:J. M. Coetzee
877:
876:
865:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
842:
835:
833:
832:neo-Darwinist
827:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
804:
802:
798:
794:
793:
788:
784:
774:
771:
770:
765:
764:Francis Crick
761:
756:
754:
748:
746:
741:
739:
734:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
692:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
652:Beast and Man
644:
642:
637:
634:
631:
626:
624:
619:
617:
613:
603:
599:
596:
591:
589:
585:
580:
578:
573:
564:
562:
558:
543:
541:
531:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
503:
501:
500:Beast and Man
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
457:civil service
448:
446:
442:
438:
434:
429:
425:
424:Philippa Foot
421:
417:
413:
408:
406:
402:
401:Tony Crosland
396:
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382:
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366:
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259:
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251:
250:Beast and Man
247:
246:animal rights
243:
239:
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228:
219:
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208:
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203:animal rights
200:
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113:
112:Beast and Man
110:
104:
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95:
91:
87:
82:
78:
68:
64:
47:Mary Scrutton
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
7021:
7002:
6994:
6986:
6978:
6970:
6946:
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6925:
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6893:
6886:
6879:
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6858:
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6808:
6800:
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6752:
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6704:
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6672:
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6645:
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6605:
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6541:
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6525:
6517:
6509:
6501:
6493:
6485:
6477:
6469:
6461:
6453:
6445:
6437:
6290:Oxford Group
6158:Every Animal
6051:Contemporary
6000:Andrew Tyler
5990:Nell Shipman
5930:André Géraud
5839:Jerry Vlasak
5814:Lynda Stoner
5789:Alex Pacheco
5719:Evanna Lynch
5714:Howard Lyman
5699:Wayne Hsiung
5659:Chris DeRose
5649:Rod Coronado
5582:Contemporary
5522:Thomas Tryon
5442:Mary Midgley
5441:
5437:Jean Meslier
5417:Soame Jenyns
5407:John Hildrop
5402:Arthur Helps
5367:Richard Dean
5342:Peter Buchan
5281:Gary Steiner
5276:Peter Singer
5271:JĂ©rĂ´me Segal
5236:David Pearce
5226:Clare Palmer
5216:David Nibert
5206:Clair Linzey
5116:Joan Dunayer
5041:Aysha Akhtar
5029:Contemporary
4898:McLibel case
4853:Animal trial
4812:Seal hunting
4774:Wild animals
4759:Fishing bait
4721:Pain in fish
4540:Fish farming
4520:Battery cage
4440:Meat paradox
4397:
4338:Abolitionism
4185:Mary Midgley
4172:
4167:
4161:The Believer
4160:
4144:
4134:
4128:
4122:The Guardian
4121:
4111:
4105:
4089:
4083:The Guardian
4082:
4076:
4063:
4056:
4048:The Guardian
4047:
4020:
4006:
3992:
3978:
3957:
3935:
3920:
3913:
3906:
3900:The Guardian
3899:
3888:
3882:The Guardian
3881:
3863:
3828:
3819:
3809:
3798:
3787:
3776:
3762:
3752:The Guardian
3751:
3723:
3719:
3710:
3698:
3686:
3674:. Retrieved
3668:
3661:Lodge, David
3655:
3647:
3643:
3635:The Guardian
3634:
3624:
3616:the original
3609:
3600:
3592:The Guardian
3591:
3582:
3563:
3559:
3549:
3522:
3518:
3508:
3483:
3479:
3473:
3461:. Retrieved
3457:
3447:
3438:
3413:
3405:
3380:
3372:
3366:. p. x.
3363:
3345:
3339:
3330:
3324:
3305:
3299:
3280:
3274:
3255:
3238:the original
3222:
3200:. Retrieved
3169:
3163:
3151:. Retrieved
3147:
3137:
3125:
3117:the original
3101:
3094:
3086:the original
3070:
3048:. Retrieved
3041:the original
3036:
2995:
2987:
2975:. Retrieved
2971:the original
2956:
2946:
2938:The Guardian
2937:
2927:
2918:
2908:
2896:. Retrieved
2887:
2875:. Retrieved
2866:
2854:. Retrieved
2850:the original
2821:. Retrieved
2818:The Observer
2817:
2777:
2768:
2756:. Retrieved
2753:The Guardian
2752:
2726:
2707:
2701:
2682:
2676:
2657:
2651:
2643:The Guardian
2642:
2619:
2612:. Retrieved
2608:
2585:
2550:The Guardian
2549:
2540:
2531:
2522:
2519:
2502:
2499:
2482:
2464:
2461:
2451:
2445:
2426:
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2379:
2375:
2372:
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2341:
2331:
2328:
2321:
2317:
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2307:
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2255:The Guardian
2254:
2244:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2211:
2185:
2182:
2168:
2165:
2161:, p. 32
2158:
2151:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2124:Media Ethics
2123:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2079:
2072:
2060:
2057:
2050:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2030:
2023:
2020:
2013:
2010:
1996:
1993:
1979:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1914:
1907:
1904:
1897:
1894:
1887:
1884:
1877:
1860:
1857:
1847:
1840:
1833:
1829:
1822:
1808:
1805:
1794:
1780:
1777:
1763:
1760:
1746:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1723:
1716:
1713:
1699:
1696:
1690:
1683:
1676:
1669:
1667:The Trumpter
1666:
1649:
1646:
1629:
1626:
1619:
1612:
1609:
1602:
1592:
1588:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1566:
1552:
1549:
1539:
1525:
1522:
1515:
1501:
1498:
1484:
1481:
1467:
1464:
1447:
1444:
1430:
1427:
1420:
1417:The Listener
1416:
1402:
1399:
1385:
1382:
1375:
1371:
1368:The Listener
1367:
1350:
1347:
1333:
1319:
1316:
1299:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1279:
1272:
1269:
1247:
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1199:
1186:
1173:
1160:
1145:
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1119:
1106:
1093:
1071:
1058:
1045:
1027:
1014:
1000:
987:
974:
961:
951:Publications
926:
921:
917:
911:
905:
900:
896:
890:
888:
883:
873:
871:
861:
858:The Guardian
857:
849:
839:
837:
829:
824:The Guardian
823:
815:
811:
807:
805:
796:
790:
786:
783:J. L. Mackie
780:
767:
759:
757:
749:
744:
742:
737:
723:
718:, including
711:
708:metaphysical
699:
695:
693:
660:sociobiology
656:reductionism
651:
650:
640:
638:
632:
627:
622:
620:
609:
600:
592:
581:
576:
574:
570:
560:
554:
537:
509:
499:
477:
454:
436:
428:Mary Warnock
409:
397:
393:Iris Murdoch
370:
346:
310:
301:The Guardian
300:
285:reductionism
282:
277:
269:
268:(1985), and
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
237:
230:
226:
225:
126:
121:
116:
111:
107:Notable work
71:(2018-10-10)
25:Mary Midgley
18:
7081:2018 deaths
7076:1919 births
6845:Periodicals
6722:The Meatrix
6698:The Witness
6312:(Australia)
6286:(1891–1919)
6168:Faunalytics
5995:Henry Spira
5985:Hans Ruesch
5975:Jill Phipps
5970:Norm Phelps
5950:Barry Horne
5910:Royal Dixon
5905:Karen Davis
5885:Ernest Bell
5779:Ric O'Barry
5774:Jack Norris
5739:Dan Mathews
5644:Jake Conroy
5614:Barbi Twins
5589:James Aspey
5527:Gary Varner
5517:John Styles
5357:Henry Crowe
5306:Paul Waldau
5296:Michael Tye
5191:Renan Larue
5176:Melanie Joy
5161:Oscar Horta
5156:John Hadley
5126:Catia Faria
5121:Mylan Engel
5091:Alice Crary
5061:Steven Best
5056:Marc Bekoff
5022:and writers
4963:Observances
4868:Live export
4802:Ivory trade
4673:Vivisection
4648:Green Scare
4545:Fur farming
4450:Open rescue
4445:Nonviolence
4070:Kenan Malik
3746:Brown, A.,
2485:Issue 2572
2433:Us and Them
2310:, p. 4
2058:Res Publica
846:Thatcherite
814:(2002) and
683:methods of
681:qualitative
668:behaviorism
584:Paul Davies
405:Roy Jenkins
7070:Categories
6834:Seaspiracy
6738:Earthlings
6378:(Portugal)
6352:DierAnimal
6267:Historical
6063:Animal Aid
5955:Marie Huot
5900:Joan Court
5880:Bob Barker
5863:Historical
5749:LuĂsa Mell
5729:Keith Mann
5724:Bill Maher
5709:Ronnie Lee
5679:Tal Gilboa
5654:Karen Dawn
5594:Greg Avery
5472:Rod Preece
5387:T. Forster
5347:Mona Caird
5320:Historical
5181:Hilda Kean
5151:Lori Gruen
4485:Vegaphobia
4475:Speciesism
4368:Animal law
3958:Philosophy
3936:Philosophy
3864:Philosophy
3848:1289274891
3822:, undated.
3763:Philosophy
3714:Edgar 2008
3703:Lamey 2010
3691:Lamey 2010
3560:Philosophy
3519:Philosophy
3480:Philosophy
2977:11 January
2614:16 October
2569:References
2462:Resurgence
2303:p. 18
2199:Earth Song
1627:Philosophy
1589:The Monist
1550:Philosophy
1523:Philosophy
1465:Philosophy
1445:Philosophy
1428:Philosophy
1400:Philosophy
1383:Philosophy
1348:Philosophy
1317:Philosophy
1297:Philosophy
799:was about
664:relativism
662:, and the
577:Wickedness
418:and I and
391:alongside
365:Somerville
258:Wickedness
53:1919-09-13
6988:Manifesto
6927:Bite Back
6912:Magazines
6786:Vegucated
6384:(Germany)
6382:V-ParteiÂł
6360:(Germany)
6354:(Belgium)
6330:(Finland)
6153:Equanimal
5759:Morrissey
5734:Jim Mason
5689:Mark Gold
5624:Gene Baur
5599:Matt Ball
5575:Activists
5487:Tom Regan
5266:Jeff Sebo
5211:Dan Lyons
5020:Academics
5008:Advocates
4863:Live food
4663:Nafovanny
4570:Livestock
4550:Fur trade
4525:Bile bear
4460:Personism
4255:Overviews
4034:Biography
3782:Else, L.
3500:159925034
2967:0262-4079
2898:2 January
2036:, No. 5/6
1567:Encounter
1285:, No. 905
1214:Pamphlets
947:in 2013.
929:Jon Edgar
826:in 2005:
781:In 1978,
704:prophetic
639:Her book
488:Newcastle
473:doctorate
416:Elizabeth
342:chaplain.
289:scientism
215:evolution
83:, England
81:Newcastle
7051:Category
6920:Arkangel
6852:Journals
6826:Dominion
6762:The Cove
6392:Activism
6336:(Sweden)
6324:(Canada)
6318:(Europe)
6032:Movement
5562:Voltaire
4480:Veganism
4430:Ethology
4331:Concepts
4095:Archived
4044:Writings
4036:for her
3705:, p. 175
3541:11661921
3463:24 March
3202:28 March
3153:28 March
3050:27 March
2877:27 March
2856:24 March
2823:24 March
2758:24 March
2557:See also
2532:Interlog
2500:Heredity
2454:, No. 84
2063:, No. 1
1900:, No. 1.
1783:, No. 1
1719:, Part 1
1250:, 2007.
1159:editor.
820:rhetoric
753:Einstein
722:, while
685:ethology
557:plumbing
496:ethology
469:Plotinus
445:Anscombe
367:in 1938.
315:, was a
264:(1994),
260:(1984),
256:(1983),
238:Scrutton
211:ethology
6366:(Italy)
6348:(Spain)
6342:(Italy)
6303:Parties
4792:Hunting
4746:Fishing
4405:Carnism
3966:3751039
3952:at the
3944:3750771
3930:at the
3872:3749875
3858:at the
3771:3750888
3741:Sources
3676:15 June
2548:(2010)
2539:(2008)
2530:(2007)
2518:(2007)
2498:(2006)
2460:(2005)
2371:(2003)
2350:(2002)
2339:(2002)
2253:(2001)
2243:(2000)
2085:, No. 2
2026:, No. 1
1994:Science
1876:(1992)
1665:(1987)
1645:(1987)
1638:3750837
1615:, No. 1
1601:(1985)
1595:, No. 2
1561:3750771
1548:(1983)
1534:3750521
1493:4106784
1476:3751039
1463:(1979)
1456:3751049
1439:3750611
1423:(1981))
1411:3749425
1394:3749907
1366:(1977)
1359:3750115
1342:4544857
1328:3749836
1315:(1973)
1308:3750150
1090:series)
720:Dawkins
540:Jesmond
512:D.Litt.
377:Austria
151:
143:
77:Jesmond
7053:
7026:(2003)
7007:(2014)
6999:(2014)
6991:(2008)
6983:(1991)
6975:(1987)
6963:Albums
6837:(2021)
6829:(2018)
6821:(2016)
6813:(2013)
6805:(2013)
6797:(2013)
6789:(2011)
6781:(2011)
6773:(2009)
6765:(2009)
6757:(2007)
6749:(2006)
6741:(2005)
6733:(2004)
6725:(2003)
6717:(2003)
6709:(2002)
6701:(2000)
6693:(2000)
6685:(1998)
6677:(1981)
6658:(2022)
6650:(2022)
6642:(2020)
6634:(2018)
6626:(2016)
6618:(2014)
6610:(2012)
6602:(2010)
6594:(2009)
6586:(2008)
6578:(2005)
6570:(2001)
6562:(1999)
6554:(1995)
6546:(1993)
6538:(1987)
6530:(1983)
6522:(1975)
6514:(1971)
6506:(1907)
6498:(1906)
6490:(1899)
6482:(1897)
6474:(1892)
6466:(1883)
6458:(1838)
6450:(1824)
6044:Groups
4499:Issues
4343:Ahimsa
4131:review
4108:review
4092:review
4079:review
4066:review
4027:
4013:
3999:
3985:
3964:
3942:
3870:
3846:
3836:
3769:
3730:
3539:
3498:
3426:
3393:
3312:
3287:
3262:
3230:
3176:
3109:
3078:
3008:
2965:
2714:
2689:
2664:
2281:Nature
1717:LXXXIX
1636:
1578:Ethics
1559:
1532:
1491:
1474:
1454:
1437:
1409:
1392:
1357:
1340:
1326:
1306:
1254:
1241:
1226:
1206:
1193:
1180:
1167:
1152:
1139:
1126:
1113:
1100:
1082:(also
1078:
1065:
1052:
1034:
1021:
1007:
994:
981:
968:
854:Hobbes
588:theism
506:Awards
451:Career
381:German
361:Greats
317:curate
274:Durham
182:School
171:Region
134:Spouse
129:(1992)
124:(1985)
119:(1983)
114:(1978)
6948:Satya
6666:Films
6431:Books
6253:Viva!
4881:Cases
4831:Other
3962:JSTOR
3940:JSTOR
3868:JSTOR
3767:JSTOR
3496:S2CID
3422:–27.
3044:(PDF)
3033:(PDF)
1647:Zygon
1634:JSTOR
1557:JSTOR
1530:JSTOR
1489:JSTOR
1472:JSTOR
1452:JSTOR
1435:JSTOR
1407:JSTOR
1390:JSTOR
1355:JSTOR
1338:JSTOR
1324:JSTOR
1304:JSTOR
1086:as a
956:Books
630:Demos
534:Death
349:Greek
145:(
141:
6193:L214
4913:SHAC
4189:IMDb
4025:ISBN
4011:ISBN
3997:ISBN
3983:ISBN
3844:OCLC
3834:ISBN
3728:ISBN
3678:2018
3537:PMID
3465:2014
3424:ISBN
3391:ISBN
3310:ISBN
3285:ISBN
3260:ISBN
3228:ISBN
3204:2014
3174:ISBN
3155:2014
3107:ISBN
3076:ISBN
3052:2014
3006:ISBN
2979:2024
2963:ISSN
2900:2019
2879:2014
2858:2014
2825:2014
2760:2014
2712:ISBN
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2616:2018
2420:and
1850:ed.
1799:here
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1273:CLII
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666:and
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420:Iris
403:and
287:and
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43:Born
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