1523:
553:
62:
321:
670:
91:
575:, a grandson of Elizabeth George, led the Tribe's efforts in filing a federal land claims suit against the state of Connecticut which challenged the state's sale of 800 acres (320 ha) of reservation lands—an event which had occurred more than 100 years earlier in 1855. The State of Connecticut agreed with the Tribe, and the US Department of Justice entered the suit, as it dealt with Federal issues and the legality of the state action.
211:
326:
325:
322:
327:
170:
actions that were not ratified by the Senate. As part of the settlement of this suit, Congress gave federal recognition to the tribe, in addition to approving financial compensation so that the tribe could repurchase lost land. Tribal membership is based on proven lineal descent of 11 Pequot families whose ancestors were listed in the 1900 US Census.
324:
661:. CBS News reported in May 2000 that the tribal membership had voted to drop the requirement that tribal applicants have a minimum percentage of Mashantucket Pequot blood. However, the tribe has since begun to require genetic testing of newborn children whose parents are tribal members, to establish maternity and paternity.
166:. As of 2018, Foxwoods Resort Casino is one of the largest casinos in the world in terms of square footage, casino floor size, and number of slot machines, and it was one of the most economically successful in the United States until 2007, but it became deeply in debt by 2012 due to its expansion and changing conditions.
383:
The current administration's seven-member council has stated that the tribe's priorities are protecting tribal sovereignty, focusing on the educational, emotional, and physical well-being of members, and working to leverage the tribe's financial and economic strengths through partnership initiatives,
311:
The 2000 census showed a resident population of 325 persons living on reservation land, 227 of whom identified themselves as
American Indian, while others identify themselves as having more than one ethnicity, including non-Pequot spouses. Since that time, the tribe expanded reservation housing, and
1238:
A Brief
History of the Pequot War: Especially of the Memorable taking of their Fort at Mistick in Connecticut in 1637/Written by Major John Mason, a principal actor therein, as then chief captain and commander of Connecticut forces; With an introduction and some explanatory notes by the Reverend Mr.
1253:
Nevves from
America; or, A New and Experimentall Discoverie of New England: Containing, a True Relation of their War-like Proceedings these two yeares last past, with a figure of the Indian fort, or Palizado. Also a discovery of these places, that as yet have very few or no inhabitants which would
610:
The Bureau of Indian
Affairs had established criteria by which tribes seeking recognition had to document cultural and community continuity, a political organization, and related factors. Among the criteria are having to prove continuous existence as a recognized community since 1900, with internal
486:
colony were being established, the
Pequots had established military dominance among Indian tribes in central and eastern Connecticut. They numbered some 16,000 in the most densely inhabited portion of southern New England. The smallpox epidemic of 1616–19 killed roughly 90-percent of the Indians on
649:
The
Mashantucket Pequot tribe receives numerous requests from individuals applying for admission as members. They base tribal membership on an individual proving descent, by recognized genealogical documentation, from one or more members of eleven families included on the 1900 U.S. census of the
169:
The tribe was federally recognized in 1983 through the
Mashantucket Pequot Land Claims Settlement Act. The federal land claims suit was brought by the tribe against the State of Connecticut and the Federal government, charging that the tribe had been illegally deprived of its land through state
387:
Council members are elected by popular vote of the tribal membership to three-year, staggered terms. There are roughly 600 eligible voting members of the tribe, which numbered 1086 in 2018. Tribal
Members must be at least 18 years old and in good standing with the tribe to be eligible to vote.
307:
Today, the
Mashantucket Pequot population consists of more than 1100 enrolled members. As a federally recognized tribe, the Mashantucket Pequots have the authority to determine their membership criteria. The tribe requires its members to be of proven lineal descent from 11 Mashantucket Pequot
474:
in 1667 to explore the ferocity with which the Pequot tribe had attacked the colonists. He described them as invaders from "the interior of the continent" who "by force seized upon one of the places near the sea, and became a Terror to all their
Neighbors." Contemporary scholars suggest that
426:
casino's effects on the Connecticut economy, and their report stated that it had a positive economic impact on the neighboring towns of Ledyard, Preston, and North Stonington, as well as the state of Connecticut, which has received more than $ 4 billion in slot revenue.
569:. Elizabeth George (1894–1973) was one of the last Pequot living on the reservation and, when she died in 1973, the federal government started planning to reclaim the land which they presumed would be vacated upon the deaths of the last remaining Pequot residents.
633:. Spokesmen for the Pequots denounced the book and asserted that Benedict's genealogical research was inherently flawed, as it failed to reflect the correct descendant lineages for the Mashantucket Pequot people identified on the 1900 and 1910 U.S. Censuses.
1080:
540:
The colonists enslaved some of the surviving Pequots, sending some to the West Indies as labor on sugar cane plantations, putting others to indentured servitude as household servants in New England. Most of the survivors, however, were transferred to the
323:
586:
which included Federal recognition of the Mashantucket Pequot tribe. They were the eighth American Indian tribe to gain Federal recognition through an act of Congress rather than through the administrative process of the
1077:
771:
384:
both locally and abroad. Mashantucket Pequot's local investments include the Lake of Isles golf course and the Spa at Norwich Inn, both of which have proven to be positive additions to local municipal tax bases.
950:
Nevves from America; or, A New and Experimentall Discoverie of New England: Containing, a True Relation of their War-like Proceedings these two yeares last past, with a figure of the Indian fort, or Palizado
591:(BIA) and Department of Interior. The Mashantucket Pequots have since added to their land holdings by purchase and placed the additional lands into trust with the BIA on behalf of the tribe. As of the
549:
tribes. A few Pequots returned to the reservation years later, and they intermarried with the colonists. Many of the Pequot descendants, while multi-racial, retained a sense of culture and continuity.
1096:
685:
which interprets Pequot history and culture. The museum hosts local and international indigenous artists and musicians, as well as mounting changing exhibits of artifacts throughout the year.
308:
ancestors listed in the U.S. censuses of 1900 and 1910. In 1996, the tribal membership voted to close enrollment, with the exception of children born to currently enrolled tribal members.
466:
During the colonial years, colonists recorded inter-tribal warfare, shifts in boundaries, and changes in power among the tribes. Scholars believe that the Pequots migrated from the upper
768:
677:
In 1986, Skip Hayward and financial backers built a high-stakes bingo hall on reservation land, and later they added other facilities. In 1992, the Mashantucket Pequots opened
499:
in 1633 devastated the region's Indian population, and historians estimate that the Pequots suffered the loss of 80-percent of their entire population. By the outbreak of the
618:
said that the owners of Foxwoods casino "did not look like real Indians." He became a key investor with the Paucatuck Eastern Pequots who were seeking federal recognition.
1934:
1747:
1406:
1451:
475:
archaeological, linguistic, and documentary evidence show that the Pequots were indigenous for centuries in the Connecticut Valley before the arrival of settlers.
1762:
714:
1914:
1199:
512:
565:
The Mashantucket Pequot reservation was created by the Connecticut Colony in 1666, but only 13 people lived on the reservation by the time of the
1909:
682:
1288:
1146:
802:
21:
1444:
1641:
1267:
A True Relation of the late Battell fought in New England, between the English, and the Salvages: With the present state of things there
275:
228:
1533:
1494:
928:(1973): 485–508; and Arthur E. Speiro and Bruce D. Spiess, "New England Pandemic of 1616–1622: Cause and Archaeological Implication",
653:
Each federally recognized tribe has the authority to set its own membership/citizenship rules. Their descent rules are similar to the
247:
1682:
1412:
1256:(London: Printed by I. D for Peter Cole, and are to be sold at the signe of the Glove in Corne-hill neere the Royall Exchange, 1638).
694:
583:
1345:
McBride, Kevin. "The Historical Archaeology of the Mashantucket Pequots, 1637–1900", in Laurence M. Hauptman and James Wherry, eds.
965:(Cleveland, 1897), p. 138; Ethel Boissevain, "Whatever Became of the New England Indians Shipped to Bermuda to be Sold as Slaves",
1429:
1400:
1341:
The Pequots in Southern New England: The Fall and Rise of an American Indian Nation (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1993).
905:
Dean R. Snow and Kim M. Lamphear, "European Contact and Indian Depopulation in the Northeast: The Timing of the First Epidemics",
1437:
254:
1246:
A Relation of the Troubles which have Hapned in New-England, by Reason of the Indians There, from the Year 1614 to the Year 1675
1045:
1355:
1840:
1112:
756:
261:
197:(BIA). The tribe also owns land in the adjacent towns of Ledyard, Preston and North Stonington, as well as in New London.
1254:
yeeld special accommodation to such as will plant there . . . By Captaine Iohn Underhill, a commander in the warres there
1929:
243:
1654:
1319:
946:
A Brief History of the Pequot War: Especially of the Memorable taking of their Fort at Mistick in Connecticut in 1637
864:(Ph.D. diss., University of Connecticut, 1984), pp. 126–28, 199–269; and Means, "Mohegan-Pequot Relationships", 26–33
294:
158:
people, an Algonquian-language tribe that dominated the southern New England coastal areas, and they own and operate
1757:
1368:
Spiero, Arthur E., and Bruce E. Speiss. "New England Pandemic of 1616–1622: Cause and Archaeological Implication",
1124:
496:
1143:
Without Reservation: The Making of America’s Most Powerful Indian Tribe and Foxwoods, the World’s Largest Casino
799:
Without Reservation: The Making of America’s Most Powerful Indian Tribe and Foxwoods, the World’s Largest Casino
418:
The Mashantucket Pequots have owned and operated one of the largest resort casinos in the world since 1992. The
1692:
1461:
623:
Without Reservation: The Making of America's Most Powerful Indian Tribe and Foxwoods the World's Largest Casino
232:
1919:
1797:
1732:
1677:
1596:
1352:
McBride, Kevin. "Prehistory of the Lower Connecticut Valley" (Ph.D. diss., University of Connecticut, 1984).
173:
The Mashantucket Pequot tribe is one of two federally recognized tribes in Connecticut, the other being the
1856:
1737:
990:
709:
460:
138:
1924:
1782:
1297:
Boissevain, Ethel. "Whatever Became of the New England Indians Shipped to Bermuda to be Sold as Slaves",
1283:
Without Reservation: How a Controversial Indian Tribe Rose to Power and Built the World's Largest Casino
1196:
1036:
Without Reservation: How a Controversial Indian Tribe Rose to Power and Built the World's Largest Casino
921:
Refer to Sherburne F. Cook, "The Significance of Disease in the Extinction of the New England Indians",
853:
For archaeological investigations, see Irving Rouse, "Ceramic Traditions and Sequences in Connecticut",
1879:
1722:
1502:
336:
268:
190:
629:
argues that the Mashantuckets are not descended from the historical Pequot tribe, but rather from the
1807:
1697:
592:
566:
522:
419:
186:
1327:
Revenge of the Pequots: How a Small Native American Tribe Created the World's Most Profitable Casino
552:
1812:
1802:
1787:
1767:
1687:
1649:
1459:
588:
526:
194:
1140:
796:
1822:
1717:
1664:
1621:
1546:
1507:
1483:
221:
61:
1817:
1727:
1631:
1626:
1591:
1551:
1304:
Cave, Alfred A. "The Pequot Invasion of Southern New England: A Reassessment of the Evidence",
963:
History of the Pequot War: The Contemporary Accounts of Mason, Underhill, Vincent, and Gardiner
873:
Alfred A. Cave, "The Pequot Invasion of Southern New England: A Reassessment of the Evidence",
704:
699:
599:
572:
530:
397:
159:
1601:
1561:
1556:
1886:
1777:
1707:
1616:
1606:
1576:
1571:
1512:
1167:
634:
546:
492:
440:
174:
163:
681:
casino, which is now one of the largest casinos in the world. Adjacent to Foxwoods is the
657:'s reliance on proven direct descent from those Cherokee listed in the early 20th-century
637:
argued with Benedict's assertions on the genealogy of current members, and anthropologist
8:
1702:
1672:
1581:
1566:
1541:
1356:
https://books.google.com/books/about/Facing_East_from_Indian_Country.html?id=NXCxAl75LfIC
534:
1832:
1712:
1611:
1034:
995:
973:
630:
517:
In 1637, Connecticut and Massachusetts Bay colonies overwhelmed the Pequots during the
1078:
Connecticut – American Indian Area, Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2000
669:
1772:
1586:
1041:
483:
456:
1424:
638:
525:
that left several settlers dead. The military force of the two colonies was led by
1241:(Boston: Printed & sold by. S. Kneeland & T. Green in Queen Street, 1736).
1203:
1150:
806:
775:
654:
488:
479:
448:
110:
1347:
Pequots in Southern New England: The Fall and Rise of an American Indian Nation
470:
Valley into central and eastern Connecticut around 1500. William Hubbard wrote
312:
members continue to relocate to the reservation as housing becomes available.
1903:
1851:
1379:
3rd Ser., Vol. 21, No. 2 (April 1964), pp. 256–269; also republished in
1084:
626:
579:
444:
36:
23:
1334:
Hitting the Jackpot: The Inside Story of the Richest Indian Tribe in History
1415:, Pub. L. No. 98-134, 97 Stat. 851 (codified at 25 U.S.C. §§ 1751–60), 1983
1260:
Mashantucket Pequot Reservation and Off-Reservation Trust Land, Connecticut
615:
467:
452:
122:
495:
tribes, and this assisted the Pequots in their rise to dominance. But the
1870:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
1792:
1476:
1375:
Vaughan, Alden T. "Pequots and Puritans: The Causes of the War of 1637",
658:
332:
151:
96:
1363:
Spirit of the New England Tribes: Indian History and Folklore, 1620–1984
755:
Associated Press, "Indian casinos struggle to get out from under debt",
598:
In 1994 it purchased, and later developed further, what is now known as
1269:(London: Printed by M P for Nathanael Butter, and Iohn Bellamie, 1637).
518:
500:
235: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
944:
For Mason and Underhill's first-person accounts, refer to John Mason,
503:
in 1637, their numbers may have been reduced to about 3,000 in total.
1418:
487:
the eastern coast of New England, but it failed to reach the Pequot,
742:
Jessica Durkin, "Mashantucket Election Returns Council Incumbents",
210:
1175:
678:
423:
1015:"Thirteenth Census of the United States taken in the year 1910",
542:
357:
The seven members of the Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Council are:
343:
As of 2020, the Mashantucket Pequot Elders Council officers are:
134:
948:(Boston: S. Kneeland & T. Green, 1736); and John Underhill,
823:
150:
is a federally recognized American Indian tribe in the state of
436:
155:
1349:(Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1993), pp. 96–116.
1113:"Connecticut Tribal Leaders Speak Out against Trump's Remarks"
1097:"Donald Trump's Long History of Clashes with Native Americans"
556:
Location of the Mashantucket Pequot Reservation in Connecticut
595:, their total land area was 2.17 square miles (5.6 km).
1394:
1019:, (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1912–1914).
1381:
Roots of American Racism: Essays on the Colonial Experience
720:
533:, and they launched an assault on the Pequot stronghold at
189:, in southeastern Connecticut's New London County near the
537:, killing a significant portion of the Pequot population.
1259:
844:
2 vols. (Boston: Samuel G. Drake, 1845), vol. 2, pp. 6–7.
472:
Narrative of the Troubles with the Indians in New-England
443:-speaking people who dominated the coastal area from the
435:
The Mashantucket Pequots are descendants of the historic
185:
The Mashantucket Pequot Indian Reservation is located in
1210:, 30 August 2005, RaceSciWebsite, accessed 17 March 2009
980:(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993), p. 172.
1365:(Dartmouth, NH: University Press of New England, 1986).
978:
Providence Island, 1630–1641: The Other Puritan Colony
715:
Mashantucket Pequot Reservation Archeological District
1027:
1025:
889:
Truman D. Michelson, "Notes on Algonquian Language",
463:, which is not recognized by the Federal government.
1197:
Reprint: Karen Kaplan, "Ancestry in a Drop of Blood"
797:
Laurence M. Hauptman, "A Review" of Jeff Benedict’s
1358:, (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001).
1339:Hauptman, Laurence M. & James D. Wherry, eds.
1033:
1022:
961:Lion Gardiner, "Relation of the Pequot Warres" in
792:
790:
788:
335:with Board Chair Rodney A. Butler speaking about
16:American Indian tribe in the state of Connecticut
1935:Federally recognized tribes in the United States
1901:
1401:Map of the Mashantucket Pequot Reservation, 2009
1141:Katherine A. Spilde, "A Review": Jeff Benedict,
1066:Mashantucket Pequot Indian Claims Settlement Act
738:
736:
1395:The Mashantucket (Western) Pequot Tribal Nation
785:
855:Archaeological Society of Connecticut Bulletin
683:Mashantucket Pequot Museum and Research Center
200:
1445:
1336:(New York, NY: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2003).
1231:The History of the Indian Wars in New England
1031:
891:International Journal of American Linguistics
842:The History of the Indian Wars in New England
733:
584:Connecticut Indian Land Claims Settlement Act
991:"Family Behind Foxwoods Loses Hold in Tribe"
611:government and tribal rules for membership.
350:Vice-Chair— Shirley "Laughing Woman" Patrick
1915:American Indian reservations in Connecticut
1329:(New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 2001).
193:. It is held in trust for the tribe by the
1452:
1438:
1383:(New York: Oxford University Press, 1995).
862:Prehistory of the Lower Connecticut Valley
644:
60:
1425:National Indian Gaming Association (NIGA)
1413:Connecticut Indian Land Claims Settlement
695:Connecticut Indian Land Claims Settlement
295:Learn how and when to remove this message
1233:2 vols. (Boston: Samuel G. Drake, 1845).
668:
551:
521:. This followed the Indians' attack on
319:
983:
1902:
1910:Native American tribes in Connecticut
1433:
353:Secretary/Treasurer-Anthony Sebastian
1857:Paucatuck Eastern Pequot reservation
1274:
1090:
952:(London: I. D for Peter Cole, 1638).
233:adding citations to reliable sources
204:
82:Regions with significant populations
1301:11 (Spring 1981), pp. 103–114.
769:"Foxwoods is fighting for its life"
717:, a U.S. National Historic Landmark
673:Mashantucket Pequot Museum Exterior
459:. A second descendant group is the
13:
1841:Golden Hill Paugussett reservation
1521:
1460:Municipalities and communities of
1222:
1217:
1017:United States Bureau of the Census
14:
1946:
1388:
1320:University of Massachusetts Press
148:Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Nation
1285:(New York, NY: Perennial, 2001).
972:(Spring 1981), pp. 103–114; and
757:FOX News online, 21 January 2012
605:
209:
89:
1847:Mashantucket Pequot reservation
1190:
1160:
1134:
1118:
1106:
1071:
1059:
1009:
955:
938:
915:
899:
578:On October 18, 1983, President
497:Massachusetts smallpox epidemic
220:needs additional citations for
1463:New London County, Connecticut
1248:(New York: Arno Press, 1972).
1125:"Trump, the Connecticut Years"
883:
867:
847:
834:
816:
761:
749:
560:
347:Chair—Marjorie Colebut-Jackson
154:. They are descended from the
1:
1168:"Are Pequots Really Pequots?"
726:
506:
315:
1683:Conning Towers-Nautilus Park
710:Indian Gaming Regulatory Act
461:Eastern Pequot Tribal Nation
409:Rodney Butler (2010–present)
403:Kenneth M. Reels (1998–2003)
180:
162:within their reservation in
139:Eastern Pequot Tribal Nation
7:
1262:United States Census Bureau
860:(1947): 25; Kevin McBride,
688:
664:
447:of Connecticut east to the
391:
244:"Mashantucket Pequot Tribe"
201:Demographics and membership
10:
1951:
1377:William and Mary Quarterly
510:
451:which forms a border with
430:
413:
406:Michael Thomas (2003–2009)
1930:Mashantucket Pequot Tribe
1875:
1865:
1831:
1746:
1663:
1640:
1532:
1519:
1493:
1474:
602:in Norwich, Connecticut.
567:1910 United States Census
523:Wethersfield, Connecticut
420:University of Connecticut
376:Councilor—Crystal Whipple
367:Secretary—Matthew Pearson
187:Mashantucket, Connecticut
133:
128:
121:
116:
108:
103:
86:
81:
76:
71:
59:
55:Mashantucket Pequot Tribe
589:Bureau of Indian Affairs
373:Councilor—Daniel Menihan
370:Treasurer— Merrill Reels
195:Bureau of Indian Affairs
1040:, New York: Perennial,
780:New York Times Magazine
645:Tribal membership rules
379:Councilor—Michele Scott
364:Vice-Chair—Latoya Cluff
337:Indigenous People's Day
77:Enrolled members: 1,086
1526:
1332:Fromson, Brett Duval.
1115:, FOX 61, 07 July 2016
1032:Jeff Benedict (2001),
700:Foxwoods Resort Casino
674:
600:The Spa at Norwich Inn
573:Richard "Skip" Hayward
557:
398:Richard Arthur Hayward
361:Chair—Rodney A. Butler
340:
160:Foxwoods Resort Casino
1525:
1306:New England Quarterly
875:New England Quarterly
672:
555:
330:
129:Related ethnic groups
37:41.46611°N 71.97444°W
1920:Algonquian ethnonyms
1888:United States portal
1370:Man in the Northeast
1361:Simmons, William S.
1299:Man in the Northwest
1087:, U.S. Census Bureau
967:Man in the Northwest
930:Man in the Northeast
828:econpapers.repec.org
641:also criticized it.
229:improve this article
175:Mohegan Indian Tribe
164:Ledyard, Connecticut
1852:Mohegan reservation
1833:Indian reservations
1372:, 35 (1987): 71–83.
1325:Eisler, Kim Isaac.
1291:Without Reservation
639:Katherine A. Spilde
535:Mystic, Connecticut
56:
42:41.46611; -71.97444
33: /
1925:Algonquian peoples
1881:Connecticut portal
1527:
1403:, US Census Bureau
1244:Mather, Increase.
1229:Hubbard, William.
1202:2012-02-16 at the
1149:2008-10-12 at the
996:The New York Times
974:Karen O. Kupperman
805:2008-10-12 at the
774:2014-03-25 at the
767:Michael Sokolove,
675:
631:Narragansett tribe
558:
341:
54:
1897:
1896:
1773:Groton Long Point
1275:Secondary sources
1265:Vincent, Philip.
1251:Underhill, John.
1208:Los Angeles Times
1131:, 13 October 2016
1047:978-0-06-093196-4
840:William Hubbard,
746:, 7 November 2005
635:Laurence Hauptman
484:Massachusetts Bay
478:By the time that
457:Long Island Sound
328:
305:
304:
297:
279:
144:
143:
1942:
1889:
1882:
1758:Burnett's Corner
1733:Poquonock Bridge
1597:North Stonington
1524:
1486:
1479:
1469:
1464:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1431:
1430:
1314:Cave, Alfred A.
1281:Benedict, Jeff.
1211:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1164:
1158:
1138:
1132:
1129:Hartford Courant
1122:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1094:
1088:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1039:
1029:
1020:
1013:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1004:
987:
981:
959:
953:
942:
936:
919:
913:
903:
897:
887:
881:
871:
865:
851:
845:
838:
832:
831:
820:
814:
794:
783:
765:
759:
753:
747:
744:Norwich Bulletin
740:
329:
300:
293:
289:
286:
280:
278:
237:
213:
205:
95:
93:
92:
72:Total population
64:
57:
53:
48:
47:
45:
44:
43:
38:
34:
31:
30:
29:
26:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1887:
1880:
1871:
1861:
1827:
1749:
1742:
1659:
1636:
1528:
1522:
1517:
1489:
1484:
1477:
1470:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1391:
1386:
1294:, Indian Gaming
1277:
1272:
1225:
1223:Primary sources
1220:
1218:Further reading
1215:
1214:
1204:Wayback Machine
1195:
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1172:www.cbsnews.com
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1068:(1983), S. 366.
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807:Wayback Machine
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655:Cherokee Nation
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513:Pequot Massacre
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480:Plymouth Colony
455:, and south to
449:Pawcatuck River
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1389:External links
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1318:(Amherst, MA:
1316:The Pequot War
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1155:Indian Gaming
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923:Human Biology
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880:(1989): 27–44
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627:Jeff Benedict
624:
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606:Controversies
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580:Ronald Reagan
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445:Niantic River
442:
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246: –
245:
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240:Find sources:
234:
230:
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218:This section
216:
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1846:
1808:Preston City
1763:Graniteville
1698:Mashantucket
1482:
1407:"The Pequot"
1380:
1376:
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1192:
1180:. Retrieved
1171:
1162:
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1142:
1136:
1128:
1120:
1108:
1100:
1092:
1073:
1065:
1061:
1051:, retrieved
1035:
1016:
1011:
1001:, retrieved
994:
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907:Ethnohistory
906:
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836:
827:
824:"EconPapers"
818:
810:
798:
779:
763:
751:
743:
676:
652:
648:
622:
621:In his book
620:
616:Donald Trump
613:
609:
597:
577:
571:
564:
547:Narragansett
539:
516:
493:Narragansett
477:
471:
468:Hudson River
465:
453:Rhode Island
434:
417:
386:
382:
356:
342:
310:
306:
291:
282:
272:
265:
258:
251:
239:
227:Please help
222:verification
219:
191:Thames River
184:
172:
168:
147:
145:
123:Christianity
51:Ethnic group
18:
1813:Quaker Hill
1803:Poquetanuck
1798:Oswegatchie
1793:Norwichtown
1788:Lords Point
1768:Greeneville
1750:communities
1688:Gales Ferry
1650:Jewett City
1478:County seat
659:Dawes Rolls
593:2000 census
582:signed the
561:Present day
400:(1975–1998)
333:Deb Haaland
152:Connecticut
97:Connecticut
66:Tribal Flag
40: /
1904:Categories
1823:Uncasville
1718:Old Mystic
1678:Colchester
1655:Stonington
1622:Stonington
1547:Colchester
1508:New London
1485:New London
1409:, Foxwoods
1053:2007-02-14
1003:2015-10-11
727:References
527:John Mason
519:Pequot War
507:Pequot War
501:Pequot War
441:Algonquian
439:tribe, an
316:Government
255:newspapers
28:71°58′28″W
25:41°27′58″N
1866:Footnotes
1818:Taftville
1738:Waterford
1728:Pawcatuck
1693:Long Hill
1632:Waterford
1627:Voluntown
1592:Montville
1552:East Lyme
614:In 1993,
285:July 2018
181:Geography
109:English,
104:Languages
1642:Boroughs
1602:Old Lyme
1562:Griswold
1557:Franklin
1397:Official
1322:, 1996).
1289:Review:
1200:Archived
1176:CBS News
1147:Archived
1081:Archived
803:Archived
772:Archived
689:See also
679:Foxwoods
665:Foxwoods
625:(2001),
482:and the
424:Foxwoods
392:Chairman
339:in 2019.
117:Religion
1778:Hanover
1708:Niantic
1617:Sprague
1607:Preston
1577:Ledyard
1572:Lebanon
1513:Norwich
1182:7 April
650:tribe.
543:Mohegan
489:Niantic
431:History
414:Economy
269:scholar
135:Mohegan
1783:Jordan
1703:Mystic
1673:Baltic
1582:Lisbon
1567:Groton
1542:Bozrah
1503:Groton
1495:Cities
1044:
437:Pequot
271:
264:
257:
250:
242:
156:Pequot
94:
1748:Other
1713:Noank
1612:Salem
1534:Towns
276:JSTOR
262:books
1665:CDPs
1587:Lyme
1184:2019
1042:ISBN
721:Wetu
545:and
529:and
491:and
248:news
146:The
137:and
231:by
1906::
1481::
1466:,
1309:62
1206:,
1174:.
1170:.
1153:,
1127:,
1099:,
1024:^
993:,
976:,
970:11
933:35
926:45
910:35
878:62
858:21
826:.
809:,
787:^
778:,
735:^
177:.
1843:‡
1453:e
1446:t
1439:v
1186:.
894:1
830:.
298:)
292:(
287:)
283:(
273:·
266:·
259:·
252:·
225:.
99:)
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