646:
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deserves." He became Prime
Minister in 1849, despite a lack of experience or enthusiasm. Bored by debates in Parliament, he had unexpected strengths: He was honest and clear-sighted, widely admired both at home and abroad, displaying wisdom and moderation that were crucial for consolidating the parliamentary system in his kingdom. He convinced the king to accept constitutional government, with the proviso the King could control military and foreign policy without parliamentary interference.
1214:
1325:
706:) with Mazzini and the other revolutionaries. In his opinion Italy needed to be unified using the Franco-Piedmontese army alone, avoiding any connection with the other armies. He continued to hold that the pope should enjoy nominal sovereignty over Rome with full spiritual independence, with the capital of Italy being established elsewhere but the Romans being Italian citizens. He strongly disapproved of the
621:
country's affairs with tact and ability, and improved its diplomatic relations. With his top aide Cavour taking the lead legislation passed weakening the powers of the Church to own land, control the schools and supervise marriage laws. When the bishops protested they were punished or exiled, inspiring liberal anticlerical elements across Italy.
658:. In 1859 he was given various political missions, including one to Paris and London to prepare the basis for a general congress of the powers on Italian affairs. When war between Piedmont and Austria appeared inevitable, he returned to Italy and was sent by Cavour as royal commissioner to Romagna, whence the papal troops had been expelled.
50:
636:
and the Left. D'Azeglio disapproved of this and resigned office, but on the king's request formed a new ministry, excluding both Cavour and Farini. In
October, however, owing to ill health and dissatisfaction with some of his colleagues, and for other reasons not quite clear, he resigned once more
722:
D'Azeglio played a significant role in the rehabilitation of
Piedmont after the chaos of the 1848â49 revolutions. He had a low opinion of the people of Italy, who, he declared "were 20 per cent stupid rascally and bold, 80 per cent stupid, honest and timid, and such a people has the government it
701:
The deaths of his two brothers in 1862 and of Cavour in 1861 caused d'Azeglio great grief; he subsequently led a comparatively retired life, but continued to take part in politics, both as deputy and writer, his two chief subjects of interest being the Roman question and the relations of
Piedmont
620:
and summoned a new one to ratify it. The treaty was accepted and d'Azeglio continued in office for the next three years. While all the rest of Italy was prey to despotism, in
Piedmont, the king maintained the constitution intact in the face of a general wave of reaction. D'Azeglio conducted the
653:
For the next four years he lived modestly at Turin, devoting himself once more to art, although he also continued to take an active interest in politics. Cavour continued to consult him. In 1855 d'Azeglio was appointed director of the
669:
without the troops and interviewed the king. The latter approved of his action and said that his orders had not been accurately expressed; thus
Romagna was saved. That same year d'Azeglio published a pamphlet in French entitled
469:, Massimo acquired a love for art and music and decided to become a painter, to the horror of his conservative, aristocratic family. His father reluctantly consented, and Massimo settled in Rome, devoting himself to art.
417:. Although himself a Roman Catholic, he introduced freedom of worship, supported public education, and sought to reduce the power of the clergy in local political affairs. As a senator, following the annexation of the
580:, invited him to form a cabinet. Realizing how impossible it was to renew the campaign, but "not having the heart to sign, in such wretched internal and external conditions, a treaty of peace with Austria" (
556:
he believed in an
Italian confederation under papal auspices and was opposed to the Radical wing of the Liberal party. His political activity increased and he wrote various other pamphlets, among which was
576:, where he was severely wounded. He retired to Florence to recover, but as he opposed the ruling democrats he was expelled from Tuscany a second time. He was now a famous man, and early in 1849 King
4154:
492:
landscapes which frequently included historical subjects. He also painted scenes for a self-composed opera. In 1830 he returned to Turin and, after his father's death in 1831, moved to
4164:
665:, d'Azeglio was recalled with orders to withdraw the Piedmontese garrisons, but saw the danger of allowing papal troops to reoccupy the province, and after a severe struggle left
1229:
616:. D'Azeglio was again called on to form a cabinet; this time, although the situation was even more difficult, he accepted, concluded a peace treaty, dissolved the
4014:
525:. The novels had a strong political context, with d'Azeglio aiming to illustrate the evils of foreign domination in Italy and to reawaken national feeling.
4179:
843:
813:
was founded by its students in 1897. There is a poetry contest organized by a cultural organization in Puglia (Italian region) named after D'Azeglio.
3703:
2735:
511:
the novelist, whose daughter he married. At that point, literature instead of art became his chief occupation; he produced two historical novels,
4194:
632:, also a member of the cabinet, made certain declarations in the Chamber (May 1852) which led the ministry in the direction of an alliance with
1352:
2375:
743:(D'Azeglio Memoirs â p. 1867), a work published after his death, in 1866, but unfortunately incomplete. A quote from his memoirs is "
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1234:
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147:
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as an unauthorized political envoy, to report on its conditions and the troubles which he foresaw would break out on the death of
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496:. He resided in Milan for twelve years, moving in the city's literary and artistic circles and, in 1834, helped to organise the
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of 1864 between the
Italian government and the pope. The last few years of d'Azeglio's life were spent chiefly at his villa of
4169:
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2779:
2165:
1266:
Hom, Stephanie Malia. "On the
Origins of Making Italy: Massimo DâAzeglio and âFatta lâItalia, bisogna fare gli Italianiâ."
966:
3113:
830:
774:
202:
28:
1271:
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1117:
1056:
565:
548:. He spent the next few months in Rome, sharing the general enthusiasm over the supposed liberalism of the new pope,
461:
and took his son, then sixteen years of age, with him as an extra attaché. Young
Massimo was given a commission in a
418:
354:
2546:
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2507:
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1859:
2531:
747:", translated colloquially as "We have made Italy. Now we must make Italians." His landscape paintings influenced
4189:
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686:, a position which he held with great ability. However, disapproving of the government's policy with regard to
625:
387:
139:
68:
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2003:
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through reconciliation between the Vatican and the new Italian Kingdom. His brother was a Jesuit priest.
89:
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Besides a variety of newspaper articles and pamphlets, d'Azeglio's chief works are the two novels
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2018:
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1946:
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2454:
2344:
2114:
2036:
1794:
1409:
1073:
936:
707:
446:
409:
As Prime Minister, d'Azeglio consolidated the parliamentary system, getting the young King
314:
36:
8:
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4063:
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1922:
1898:
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687:
629:
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508:
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regiment, which he soon relinquished on account of his health. During his residence in
410:
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2304:
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3583:
3553:
3523:
3513:
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3283:
3268:
3238:
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2720:
2414:
2121:
2046:
1732:
1584:
1464:
1301:
1113:
1052:
683:
553:
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477:
1177:
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to continue his pro-Italian policy. Early in 1860, Cavour appointed him governor of
3929:
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2257:
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2240:
2064:
1959:
1501:
1310:
1102:
703:
655:
569:
533:
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378:
229:
219:
40:
3855:
3563:
3313:
2314:
1983:
1758:
1156:
4104:
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3728:
3628:
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3473:
3373:
3358:
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3248:
3088:
3007:
2977:
2882:
2843:
2710:
2476:
2102:
1864:
1815:
1483:
1138:
Delle arti del designo e degli artisti nelle provincie di Lombardia dal 1777â1862
1030:
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848:
802:
748:
711:
633:
601:
414:
55:
3753:
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3108:
3083:
3042:
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2222:
2041:
1991:
1883:
1841:
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856:
806:
794:
786:
765:
752:
422:
3263:
4118:
4058:
3891:
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3643:
3593:
3528:
3388:
3383:
3348:
3338:
3273:
3183:
3128:
3103:
2965:
2901:
2096:
1917:
1225:
1220:
798:
782:
672:
De la Politique et du droit chrétien au point de vue de la question italienne
450:
413:
to accept his constitutional status, and worked hard for a peace treaty with
403:
1679:
714:, where he wrote his memoirs. He died of fever in Turin on 15 January 1866.
628:, then a rising young politician, to enter the ministry in 1850. Cavour and
4024:
4004:
3962:
3792:
3733:
3678:
3598:
3578:
3568:
3353:
3333:
3303:
3203:
3158:
3153:
3098:
3052:
3027:
2891:
2459:
2408:
2250:
1954:
1806:
1633:
1622:
1541:
1496:
1361:
908:
Sensibilities of the Risorgimento: Reason and Passions in Political Thought
790:
675:
549:
522:
504:
1822:
4046:
3967:
3939:
3919:
3824:
3588:
3368:
3258:
3233:
3148:
3037:
3022:
3012:
2955:
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2928:
2911:
2896:
2875:
2870:
2491:
2485:
2432:
2202:
2144:
2058:
2031:
1888:
1876:
1799:
1784:
1579:
1444:
1258:
The Pursuit of Italy: A History of a Land, Its Regions, and Their Peoples
810:
637:
and retired, suggesting to the king that Cavour should be his successor.
489:
3468:
3463:
3178:
3032:
2997:
2938:
2855:
2556:
2437:
1971:
1531:
778:
391:
278:
1014:
Bryan, Michael (1889). Walter Armstrong; Robert Edmund Graves (eds.).
382:), was a Piedmontese-Italian statesman, novelist, and painter. He was
49:
4073:
3708:
3057:
2992:
2811:
2725:
2688:
2646:
2574:
2322:
2212:
2197:
2109:
2085:
2008:
1836:
1742:
1491:
170:
3814:
3797:
2943:
2740:
2651:
2402:
2282:
2217:
2127:
2053:
2026:
1789:
1651:
1569:
1319:
1315:
1035:, article by JM, The Westminster Review, 1841, Volume 35, page 387.
777:
has a notable place in Italian history as the alma mater of author
541:
488:
He led an abstemious life in Rome, maintaining himself by painting
458:
454:
1219:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
3718:
3278:
2933:
2865:
2656:
2524:
2448:
2133:
2090:
1997:
1610:
1574:
739:(1841), as well as a volume of autobiographical memoirs entitled
666:
573:
568:, d'Azeglio donned the Papal uniform and took part under General
529:
462:
343:
332:
1159:." Liceo Classico Massimo d'Azeglio. Retrieved on 1 August 2017.
2923:
1725:
1330:
1142:. Milan, Italy: Presso Luigi di Giacomo Pirola. pp. 94â96.
1017:
Dictionary of Painters and Engravers, Biographical and Critical
852:
612:(23 March 1849), Charles Albert abdicated and was succeeded by
437:
on 24 October 1798. He was descended from an ancient and noble
4155:
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
1020:. Vol. II L-Z. London: George Bell and Sons. p. 551.
2970:
770:
679:
493:
434:
198:
2860:
2641:
2207:
1093:
466:
1238:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
893:
Britain and the Papacy in the Age of Revolution, 1846â1851
4165:
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Kingdom of Sardinia)
880:. Macmillan International Higher Education. p. 165.
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
536:. The following year he published his famous pamphlet
4015:
Hispanic and Latino conservatism in the United States
369:(24 October 1798 â 15 January 1866), commonly called
1099:
386:
for almost three years until succeeded by his rival
16:
Italian statesman, novelist, and painter (1798â1866)
1285:
Massimo d'Azeglio: an artist in politics, 1798â1866
977:
1101:
844:List of Prime Ministers of the Kingdom of Sardinia
449:, held a high position at court. On the return of
433:Massimo Taparelli, Marquis d'Azeglio, was born in
4116:
694:and regarding the occupation by Piedmont of the
544:; as a consequence of this he was expelled from
890:
745:L'Italia Ăš fatta. Restano da fare gli italiani
1969:
1346:
1044:
923:Encyclopedia of Italian Literary Studies: A-J
591:
2880:
1932:
1874:
1827:
1813:
1804:
1775:
726:
582:
3418:European Conservatives and Reformists Party
4180:Prime ministers of the Kingdom of Sardinia
1353:
1339:
1278:Francis Joseph and the Italians: 1849â1859
457:, Cesare was sent as special envoy to the
81:20 October 1853 â 15 January 1866
48:
3912:
1151:
1149:
472:
1224:
1000:
644:
595:
476:
920:
875:
682:, evacuated by the Austrians after the
254: 1831; died 1834)
4195:Musicians from the Kingdom of Sardinia
4117:
1146:
964:
905:
379:[ËmassimotapaËrÉllidadËdzeÊÊo]
367:Massimo Taparelli, Marquess of Azeglio
1334:
1280:(University Press of Virginia, 1978).
1170:"Storia della Juventus Football Club"
1133:
1013:
851:(1793â1862), his brother, an Italian
773:was later renamed in his honour. The
717:
377:
273:Cesare Taparelli and Cristina Morozzo
162:8 May 1848 â 20 October 1853
109:7 May 1849 â 4 November 1852
971:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
925:. Taylor & Francis. p. 573.
698:as inopportune, he resigned office.
1307:Works by or about Massimo d'Azeglio
895:. Boydell & Brewer. p. 23.
831:Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
769:founded in 1831 in his hometown of
649:D'Azeglio at Museo Civico di Torino
13:
1251:Things I Remember (I miei ricordi)
1243:
14:
4206:
1291:
566:First Italian War of Independence
421:, Azeglio attempted to solve the
419:United Provinces of Central Italy
1360:
1323:
1212:
793:intellectuals such as publisher
775:Liceo classico Massimo d'Azeglio
453:to Rome after the abdication of
307:
3438:International Monarchist League
1192:
1162:
1126:
1080:
1065:
1038:
967:"AZEGLIO, Massimo Taparelli d'"
355:1st Italian War of Independence
251:
69:Senator of the Kingdom of Italy
4135:19th-century Italian novelists
1316:Works by Massimo d'Azeglio
1024:
1006:
958:
929:
914:
899:
884:
869:
674:, with the object of inducing
626:Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour
388:Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour
1:
1100:Charles L. Killinger (2002).
1051:. Routledge. pp. 62â65.
891:Matsumoto-Best, Saho (2003).
862:
640:
428:
4170:Italian Orientalist painters
3433:International Democrat Union
1176:(in Italian). Archived from
855:scholar who coined the term
538:Degli ultimi casi di Romagna
483:Life on the Lake with a Boat
7:
3448:Tradition, Family, Property
1322:(public domain audiobooks)
1108:. Greenwood Press. p.
837:
696:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
588:, by E Rendu), he refused.
528:In 1845, d'Azeglio visited
507:. He became an intimate of
390:. D'Azeglio was a moderate
10:
4211:
3820:Traditionalist Catholicism
1298:Works by Massimo d'Azeglio
1276:Jenks, William Alexander.
1230:Azeglio, Massimo Taparelli
973:(in Italian). Vol. 4.
829:Knight Grand Cross of the
816:
692:Expedition of the Thousand
592:Prime Minister of Sardinia
578:Charles Albert of Sardinia
384:Prime Minister of Sardinia
150:of the Kingdom of Sardinia
128:Claudio Gabriele de Launay
97:Prime Minister of Sardinia
4140:19th-century male writers
4096:
3905:
3845:
3766:
3456:
3408:
3401:
3066:
2799:
2792:
2753:
2667:
2610:
2601:
2500:
2475:
2423:
2383:
2374:
2233:
2154:
2076:
2017:
1982:
1965:Italian school of elitism
1945:
1850:
1766:
1757:
1693:
1665:
1642:
1600:
1550:
1522:
1482:
1473:
1377:
1368:
921:Marrone, Gaetana (2007).
878:Nineteenth-Century Europe
876:Rapport, Michael (2005).
805:, and writer and teacher
797:(son of future President
758:
727:Writings and publications
360:
350:
338:
328:
320:
302:
297:
289:
277:
269:
261:
235:
225:
208:
185:
180:
176:
166:
155:
145:
133:
121:
113:
102:
95:
85:
74:
67:
63:
54:Portrait of D'Azeglio by
47:
23:
3985:Catholic social teaching
906:Romani, Roberto (2018).
663:Armistice of Villafranca
608:After the defeat at the
600:D'Azeglio portraited by
584:Correspondance politique
406:between Italian states.
293:Soldier, writer, painter
4150:Italian Roman Catholics
3935:Conservative liberalism
3423:European People's Party
1235:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1134:Caimi, Antonio (1862).
1032:Modern Italian Painters
965:Maturi, Walter (1962).
564:On the outbreak of the
4190:Politicians from Turin
3428:Identity and Democracy
2881:
1970:
1933:
1875:
1828:
1814:
1805:
1776:
1045:Harry Hearder (1994).
811:Juventus Football Club
650:
605:
583:
485:
473:Early political career
241:Giulia Claudia Manzoni
4088:Small-c conservatives
4000:Counter-revolutionary
3990:Conservative feminism
3882:Counter-Enlightenment
3837:Traditionalist School
910:. BRILL. p. 193.
648:
599:
480:
321:Years of service
4175:Musicians from Turin
3958:Anti-gender movement
3862:Bourbon Restauration
2115:National Catholicism
1830:RĂ©volution nationale
1795:Integral nationalism
1249:D'Azeglio, Massimo.
1104:The History of Italy
1088:The Pursuit of Italy
1074:The Pursuit of Italy
944:Letteratura Italiana
822:Grand Cordon of the
708:September Convention
559:I lutti di Lombardia
447:Royal Sardinian Army
445:, an officer in the
441:family. His father,
398:associated with the
315:Royal Sardinian Army
265:Alessandra Taparelli
4185:Painters from Turin
4100:Conservatism portal
4064:Right-wing politics
3803:Jewish conservatism
3776:Christian democracy
3023:Social institutions
2829:Collective identity
2824:Class collaboration
2632:Clerico-nationalism
2181:Muscular liberalism
1514:Neoauthoritarianism
1270:31.1 (2013): 1â16.
284:University of Turin
203:Kingdom of Sardinia
148:Chamber of Deputies
140:The Count of Cavour
4160:Margraves in Italy
4020:LGBTQ conservatism
3973:Black conservatism
3887:German Romanticism
3877:Conservative Order
3867:Congress of Vienna
3443:Muslim Brotherhood
3289:CorrĂȘa de Oliveira
2988:Organized religion
2917:Complementarianism
2004:National Democracy
1287:(Oxford UP, 1966).
1283:Marshall, Ronald.
1253:(Oxford UP, 1966).
1180:on 21 January 2008
1174:magicajuventus.com
718:Role as politician
651:
630:Luigi Carlo Farini
624:D'Azeglio invited
614:Victor Emmanuel II
606:
572:in the defence of
521:, in imitation of
509:Alessandro Manzoni
486:
411:Victor Emmanuel II
394:and member of the
117:Victor Emmanuel II
90:Victor Emmanuel II
4112:
4111:
3995:Conservative wave
3948:
3947:
3872:Concert of Europe
3808:Religious Zionism
3762:
3761:
3397:
3396:
2834:Cultural heritage
2807:Ancestral worship
2788:
2787:
2749:
2748:
2597:
2596:
2415:Orthodox Peronism
2370:
2369:
1870:Historical School
1753:
1752:
1302:Project Gutenberg
1198:RD of 7 dec 1831.
733:Ettore Fieramosca
684:Battle of Magenta
554:Vincenzo Gioberti
518:Ettore Fieramosca
402:. He hoped for a
371:Massimo d'Azeglio
364:
363:
25:Massimo d'Azeglio
4202:
4069:Authoritarianism
3930:Communitarianism
3925:Clerical fascism
3910:
3909:
3786:Theoconservatism
3406:
3405:
3209:Kuehnelt-Leddihn
3018:Social hierarchy
3003:Private property
2886:
2797:
2796:
2608:
2607:
2391:Federal Peronism
2381:
2380:
2065:Pochvennichestvo
2042:Black-hundredism
1975:
1960:Historical Right
1938:
1880:
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1819:
1810:
1781:
1778:Action Française
1764:
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937:"I miei ricordi"
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824:Order of Leopold
737:NiccolĂČ dei Lapi
704:Kingdom of Italy
656:Galleria Sabauda
610:Battle of Novara
586:
570:Giovanni Durando
534:Pope Gregory XVI
513:NiccolĂČ dei Lapi
443:Cesare d'Azeglio
400:Historical Right
381:
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298:Military service
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4105:Politics portal
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3781:Christian right
3758:
3684:Prat de la Riba
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3008:Public morality
2978:Ordered liberty
2883:Noblesse oblige
2844:Culture of life
2839:Cultural values
2784:
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2103:Carlo-francoism
2072:
2013:
1978:
1941:
1928:State Socialism
1846:
1816:Nouvelle Droite
1749:
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1268:Italian Culture
1256:Gilmour, David.
1246:
1244:Further reading
1228:, ed. (1911). "
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785:, screenwriter
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749:Salvatore Mazza
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602:Francesco Hayez
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3953:Anti-communism
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2139:Neocatholicism
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1992:Golden Liberty
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1884:Ordoliberalism
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1842:Ultra-royalism
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1560:Fundamentalist
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1460:Traditionalist
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1292:External links
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1226:Chisholm, Hugh
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857:social justice
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807:Leone Ginzburg
795:Giulio Einaudi
787:Tullio Pinelli
766:Liceo classico
763:A prestigious
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753:Luigi Riccardi
741:I Miei Ricordi
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4040:United States
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3664:Pérez Jiménez
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3410:Organisations
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3114:Chateaubriand
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3077:
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3072:
3071:
3069:
3067:Intellectuals
3065:
3059:
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2902:Family values
2900:
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2892:Ethical order
2890:
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2704:
2700:
2697:
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2680:
2679:Compassionate
2677:
2676:
2674:
2672:
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2603:North America
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2376:Latin America
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2216:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2193:One-nationism
2191:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2176:Compassionate
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2140:
2137:
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2125:
2123:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2097:Carloctavismo
2094:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2067:
2066:
2062:
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2024:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2010:
2007:
2005:
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1995:
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1981:
1974:
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1968:
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1948:
1944:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1918:Ritter School
1916:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1906:Revolutionary
1904:
1900:
1897:
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1892:
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1890:
1887:
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1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1629:ShĆwa Statism
1627:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1599:
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1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1425:Paternalistic
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1385:Authoritarian
1383:
1382:
1380:
1378:International
1376:
1373:
1367:
1363:
1356:
1351:
1349:
1344:
1342:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1308:
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1303:
1299:
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1286:
1282:
1279:
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1273:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1221:public domain
1210:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1195:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1165:
1158:
1152:
1150:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1129:
1121:
1119:9780313314834
1115:
1111:
1106:
1105:
1096:
1089:
1083:
1076:
1075:
1068:
1060:
1058:9781317901402
1054:
1050:
1049:
1041:
1034:
1033:
1027:
1019:
1018:
1009:
1002:
1001:Chisholm 1911
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
972:
968:
961:
945:
938:
932:
924:
917:
909:
902:
894:
887:
879:
872:
868:
858:
854:
850:
847:
845:
842:
841:
832:
828:
825:
821:
820:
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
799:Luigi Einaudi
796:
792:
788:
784:
783:Cesare Pavese
780:
776:
772:
768:
767:
756:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
724:
715:
713:
709:
705:
699:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
668:
664:
659:
657:
647:
638:
635:
631:
627:
622:
619:
615:
611:
603:
598:
589:
587:
585:
579:
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571:
567:
562:
560:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
526:
524:
520:
519:
514:
510:
506:
502:
499:
495:
491:
484:
481:D'Azeglio in
479:
470:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
451:Pope Pius VII
448:
444:
440:
436:
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
407:
405:
404:federal union
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
380:
372:
368:
359:
356:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
334:
331:
327:
323:
319:
316:
305:
301:
296:
292:
288:
285:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
238:
234:
231:
228:
224:
221:
211:
207:
204:
200:
188:
184:
179:
175:
172:
169:
165:
159:
154:
151:
144:
141:
138:
132:
129:
126:
120:
116:
112:
106:
101:
98:
94:
91:
88:
84:
78:
73:
70:
66:
62:
57:
51:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
22:
19:
4025:Para-fascism
4005:Elite theory
3963:Anti-Masonry
3854:
3793:Confucianism
3569:John Paul II
3344:Solzhenitsyn
3053:Subsidiarity
3028:Social order
2768:Centre Right
2584:
2562:
2517:
2484:
2460:Patrianovism
2447:
2409:Nacionalismo
2407:
2395:
2143:
2126:
2095:
2063:
1996:
1955:Berlusconism
1894:Cameralistic
1807:Maurrassisme
1634:State Shinto
1623:Nippon Kaigi
1621:
1609:
1497:Confucianism
1362:Conservatism
1284:
1277:
1267:
1257:
1250:
1233:
1194:
1182:. Retrieved
1178:the original
1173:
1164:
1139:
1136:
1128:
1103:
1095:
1090:(2011) p 177
1087:
1082:
1077:(2011) p 177
1072:
1067:
1047:
1040:
1031:
1026:
1016:
1008:
970:
960:
948:. Retrieved
946:(in Italian)
943:
931:
922:
916:
907:
901:
892:
886:
877:
871:
791:anti-fascist
764:
762:
744:
740:
736:
732:
730:
721:
700:
676:Napoleon III
671:
660:
652:
623:
607:
581:
563:
558:
537:
527:
523:Walter Scott
516:
512:
505:Clara Maffei
503:, hosted by
497:
487:
482:
432:
408:
370:
366:
365:
351:Battles/wars
214:(1866-01-15)
167:Constituency
157:
135:Succeeded by
104:
76:
18:
4130:1866 deaths
4125:1798 births
4047:Reactionary
3968:Aristocracy
3940:Corporatism
3920:Agrarianism
3825:Integralism
3519:Diefenbaker
3457:Politicians
3379:Tocqueville
3094:Buckley Jr.
3048:Stewardship
3038:Sovereignty
3013:Rule of law
2961:Conventions
2951:Nationalism
2929:Imperialism
2912:Gender role
2897:Familialism
2876:Meritocracy
2871:Aristocracy
2817:Traditional
2780:New Zealand
2684:Libertarian
2492:Pinochetism
2486:Gremialismo
2443:Integralism
2433:Bolsonarism
2397:Maurrasismo
2357:Switzerland
2310:Netherlands
2203:Thatcherism
2145:Noucentisme
2059:Slavophilia
2032:Eurasianism
1923:Romanticism
1889:Prussianism
1877:Neue Rechte
1785:Bonapartism
1644:South Korea
1590:Revisionist
1542:Principlist
1445:Reactionary
1440:Progressive
1390:Corporatist
1206:Attribution
781:, novelist
735:(1833) and
439:Piedmontese
123:Preceded by
4119:Categories
3913:Ideologies
3848:background
3846:Historical
3634:Metternich
3609:Mannerheim
3484:Berlusconi
3214:La Mennais
3144:Dostoevsky
3119:Chesterton
3033:Solidarity
2998:Patriotism
2983:Organicism
2939:Monarchism
2856:Discipline
2800:Principles
2793:Philosophy
2581:Venezuela
2557:Fujimorism
2455:Monarchist
2438:Coronelism
2345:Monarchist
2333:Monarchist
2305:Luxembourg
2271:Monarchist
2166:Cameronism
2037:Monarchist
1972:Sanfedismo
1800:Legitimism
1701:Bangladesh
1680:ErdoÄanism
1675:Democratic
1537:Monarchist
1532:Khomeinism
863:References
779:Primo Levi
661:After the
641:Retirement
429:Early life
290:Profession
279:Alma mater
192:1798-10-24
3744:de Valera
3704:Salisbury
3649:Netanyahu
3604:Macdonald
3574:KaczyĆski
3554:de Gaulle
3514:Churchill
3494:Bolsonaro
3479:Andreotti
3319:Santayana
3284:Oakeshott
3244:Mansfield
3124:Coleridge
3074:Bainville
3058:Tradition
2993:Orthodoxy
2812:Authority
2763:Australia
2726:Reaganism
2716:Old Right
2699:Tea Party
2689:Fusionism
2575:Herrerism
2537:Guatemala
2384:Argentina
2323:Miguelist
2319:Portugal
2198:Powellism
2122:Integrism
2110:Francoism
2086:Alfonsism
2009:Sarmatism
1899:Socialist
1837:Sarkozysm
1823:Orléanism
1743:Chiangism
1733:Singapore
1706:Hong Kong
1657:New Right
1585:Religious
1492:Chiangism
1450:Religious
1435:Pragmatic
1371:by region
1086:Gilmour,
702:(now the
688:Garibaldi
270:Parent(s)
171:Strambino
158:In office
105:In office
77:In office
4079:European
3815:Islamism
3798:Hindutva
3768:Religion
3739:Vajpayee
3729:Trujillo
3724:Thatcher
3714:Stolypin
3669:Pinochet
3584:Khomeini
3579:Khamenei
3549:Fujimori
3534:Dollfuss
3524:Disraeli
3489:Bismarck
3474:Adenauer
3402:Politics
3389:Voegelin
3359:Spengler
3329:Schlegel
3294:Peterson
3254:Menéndez
3229:Leontiev
3199:Karamzin
3174:Hitchens
2944:Royalism
2849:Pro-Life
2741:Trumpism
2706:Movement
2625:Trumpism
2620:Populism
2571:Uruguay
2564:Odriismo
2513:Colombia
2467:Populism
2403:Menemism
2329:Romania
2288:Populist
2283:Metaxism
2267:Georgia
2128:Mellismo
2054:Putinism
2027:Duginism
1935:Völkisch
1865:Hegelian
1860:Agrarian
1790:Gaullism
1721:Pakistan
1716:Malaysia
1652:Ilminism
1570:Kahanism
1430:Populist
1420:National
1415:Moderate
1395:Cultural
1320:LibriVox
1260:(2011).
950:24 April
838:See also
561:(1848).
542:Florence
490:Romantic
459:Holy See
455:Napoleon
375:Italian:
346:Regiment
262:Children
3906:Related
3754:Zemmour
3719:Suharto
3699:Salazar
3629:Metaxas
3624:Menzies
3619:Maurras
3539:ErdoÄan
3529:Dmowski
3504:Canning
3499:GW Bush
3369:Strauss
3339:Scruton
3334:Schmitt
3324:Savigny
3309:Rivarol
3279:Novalis
3249:Maurras
3239:Maistre
3224:Le Play
3189:Johnson
3109:Carlyle
3104:Burnham
3079:Barruel
2966:Customs
2934:Loyalty
2866:Elitism
2755:Oceania
2642:Toryism
2552:Peruvia
2525:Uribism
2519:Rojismo
2449:Janismo
2362:Ukraine
2300:Iceland
2295:Hungary
2263:Finland
2258:Denmark
2246:Belgium
2241:Austria
2208:Toryism
2158:Kingdom
2134:Maurism
2091:Carlism
2047:Tsarism
1998:Kaczyzm
1852:Germany
1611:Minzoku
1575:Zionism
1410:Liberal
1369:Schools
1309:at the
1262:excerpt
1223::
826:, 1851.
817:Honours
712:Cannero
667:Bologna
618:Chamber
604:, 1860)
574:Vicenza
552:; like
550:Pius IX
546:Tuscany
530:Romagna
463:cavalry
415:Austria
392:liberal
344:Cavalry
333:Colonel
256:
248:
244:
218:Turin,
114:Monarch
86:Monarch
4035:Europe
3694:Reagan
3679:Powell
3639:Mobutu
3614:Marcos
3594:Le Pen
3564:Horthy
3559:Harper
3544:Franco
3509:Chiang
3384:Uvarov
3349:Sowell
3274:Nisbet
3269:Newman
3264:MĂŒller
3219:Le Bon
3194:JĂŒnger
3169:Haller
3159:Fardid
3139:DĂĄvila
3134:Cortés
3089:Bonald
3084:Belloc
2924:Honour
2731:Social
2671:States
2669:United
2637:Social
2612:Canada
2561:
2547:Panama
2542:Mexico
2508:Belize
2425:Brazil
2352:Sweden
2340:Serbia
2315:Norway
2278:Greece
2251:Rexism
2223:Social
2156:United
2019:Russia
1984:Poland
1768:France
1759:Europe
1738:Taiwan
1726:Ziaism
1667:Turkey
1565:Jewish
1552:Israel
1455:Social
1400:Fiscal
1272:online
1217:
1184:8 July
1157:Storia
1116:
1055:
1048:Cavour
853:Jesuit
789:, and
759:Memory
312:
236:Spouse
58:, 1850
3734:Trump
3709:Smith
3689:Putin
3654:OrbĂĄn
3469:Adams
3374:Taine
3364:Stahl
3354:Spann
3314:Röpke
3304:Renan
3299:Ranke
3234:Lewis
3184:Iorga
3164:Gentz
3154:Evola
3149:Eliot
3129:Comte
3099:Burke
2971:Mores
2956:Norms
2721:Paleo
2694:Paleo
2501:Other
2477:Chile
2234:Other
2171:Civic
2078:Spain
1947:Italy
1911:Young
1711:India
1694:Other
1602:Japan
1484:China
1465:Ultra
1405:Green
940:(PDF)
771:Turin
680:Milan
501:salon
494:Milan
435:Turin
250:(
246:
220:Italy
199:Turin
4052:Neo-
3674:Pitt
3659:Park
3644:Modi
3589:Kohl
3259:More
3204:Kirk
3179:Hume
2861:Duty
2657:Pink
2647:Blue
2532:Cuba
2213:High
1524:Iran
1475:Asia
1186:2007
1114:ISBN
1053:ISBN
952:2024
751:and
515:and
467:Rome
342:2nd
339:Unit
329:Rank
209:Died
186:Born
29:OSML
4074:New
3749:Zia
3599:Lee
3464:Abe
2711:Neo
2652:Red
2218:Red
2188:Neo
1617:Neo
1580:Neo
1507:New
1502:Neo
1318:at
1300:at
1232:".
801:),
690:'s
540:at
37:COS
33:MOS
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1148:^
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252:m.
201:,
41:LH
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35:,
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1188:.
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1061:.
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1003:.
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373:(
194:)
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