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figures shown at close range so as to draw the viewer into the action. In contrast to
Caravaggio, who places his figures in ambient light and shadow, Stom tends to illuminate his scenes with the stark glow of a candle or other light source which is usually covered. His heads are extraordinarily lively and often have a personal, even portrait-like quality. The expressiveness is further strengthened through the wrinkled, furrowed features which are enveloped in strong chiaroscuro. The works convey a strong psychological intensity in the figures. The skin of the figures is painted so as to give it a clay-like appearance.
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161:, particularly because of the closeness of their style. However, van Honthorst himself did not return from Italy to his native city Utrecht until 1620. It is unlikely that Stom would have embarked upon an apprenticeship with van Honthorst when he was already 20 years old. This still leaves open the possibility that Stom received supplemental training in the workshop of van Honthorst after initially training elsewhere. Alternatively, he could have trained with
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128:. He did not share the other Northern Caravaggisti's preference for humorous, and sometimes scabrous, genre scenes and elaborate decorative allegories but favored stories from the bible instead. He worked in various locations in Italy where he enjoyed the patronage of religious institutions as well as prominent members of the nobility.
177:. No documentary evidence which can shed light on Stom's apprenticeship has been discovered. If Stom was in fact Flemish, the style of his work, which displays links to early 17th-century Flemish painting, points to a training in the Southern Netherlands, possibly with the Antwerp Caravaggist painter
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of
Caravaggisti is quite obvious, and in particular of Gerard van Honthorst. Van Honthorst was known in Italy as 'Gherardo della Notte' or 'Gherardo delle Notti' (Gerard of the night(s)) for his candle lit scenes. Stom's works often use the device of a covered candle or other light source to create
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Whereas in the past the artist was usually referred to as Stomer, it is now believed that his actual name was Stom, as this is the name he used as his signature. It was suggested before that his name 'Stom', which means 'dumb' in Dutch, was given to the artist as a nickname on the assumption that he
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It has been said that Stom's style is very recognizable and that attributions to him are quite easy. His style did not change much over his career and it is possible that his success in the various places where he worked can be explained by the fact that he brought with him his own style that would
144:
wrote in 1942 that the artist was born in
Amersfoort, near the city of Utrecht. Hoogewerff', himself a native of Amersfoort, did not provide a source for his statement. The municipal archives of Amersfoort do not record any Stom. The family name Stom by which the artist was in fact known during his
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The earliest documentary evidence of Stom dates to 1630, when a 'Mattheo Stom, fiamengo pittore, di anni 30.' (Matthias Stom, Flemish painter of 30 years old), was recorded living with the French painter
Nicolas Provost in the Strada dell'Olmo, Rome. His then residence was the former apartment of
225:. His most important commissions from his Neapolitan period are for a series on the Passion of Christ made for the Capuchin Church of Sant’Efemo Nuovo. These works were lost after this church was turned into a prison in 1865. During his stay in Naples he was likely an influence on local painters
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Stom also relied in his works on a dramatic chiaroscuro, often created through a single light source such as a candle. The colours red and yellow dominate. The drama of his scenes is emphasized by the vivid gestures and expressions of the figures. Typical is the use of life-sized, half-length
290:
Several pictures by Stom were in
Maltese collections, which points to Stom having patrons on Malta, though it is unknown if he painted these works on Malta. The last surviving written reference to Stom working in Sicily dates to 1649. His date and place of death are unknown. He may have died in
253:
who resided in Naples may have facilitated his commercial success, although there is no documentary evidence for this. It appears that his candlelight scenes with half figures with their characteristic combination of elements from the oeuvres of Gerrit van
Honthorst and Rubens were particularly
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of that time would have been immigrants from the
Southern Netherlands. It is therefore very well possible either that Stom was himself Flemish and spent most of his early life and even career in the Southern Netherlands or, alternatively, that he was an émigré (or the son of an émigré) to the
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Stom spent most of his artistic life in Italy, where he produced a great number of works of which around 200 survive. His subject matter is mainly stories in the New and Old
Testaments, paintings of saints, and to a lesser extent scenes from classical history, mythology and genre scenes.
248:
From his social contacts with
English and Dutch sailors it appears that he was more integrated with the expat community than with local society in Naples. He nevertheless had many local patrons as is demonstrated by contemporary Neapolitan inventories. The prosperous Antwerp merchant
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popular with the local clientele. Stom's documented paintings show no sign of interest in
Neapolitan artists of his time. Stom likely left Naples after the novelty of his work had worn out, having been unable or unwilling to adapt to new artistic developments.
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from Amersfoort who had left Italy four years earlier. Stom was recorded living at this location until 1632. The aforementioned record makes it possible to put the birth of Stom around the year 1600. The large altarpiece of the
233:. Some payments and a court case against him at the ecclesiastical court of Naples attest to his presence in Naples. The case was filed by his pupil, Mattheus De Roggiero, which shows he operated a workshop in Naples.
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effects. There are also influences of the Antwerp Baroque school, in particular of the early followers of Caravaggio such as Rubens and Abraham Janssens. All of these artists were influenced by the Italian painter
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or Matthias Stom the younger is known to have produced a number of battle paintings in Northern Italy in the late 17th-century. He may have been the son or grandson of Matthias Stom.
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Prior to 1635 Stom left Rome to settle in Naples, where he resided until at least 1640. In Naples he was exposed to the influence of the Spanish Caravaggist painter
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Information about his life is sketchy. His birthplace is undocumented and cannot be determined with any certainty. The Dutch art historian
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and arrived in the parish church in 1653. According to some art historians, the figure of St. Sebastian is a self-portrait of the artist.
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Netherlandisch Immigrant Painters in Naples (1575-1654). Aert Mytens, Louis Finson, Abraham Vinck, Hendrick De Somer and Matthias Stom
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who is only known for the works he produced during his residence in Italy. He was influenced by the work of non-Italian followers of
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be a novelty in whichever place he chose to work. There are various obvious influences on his work. The influence of the
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and his followers during their stay in Italy and showed a preference for chiaroscuro effects in their work.
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in Lombardy) dates from the period of his stay in Rome. The painting was purchased from the Roman painter
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lifetime is a Flemish name common in the Southern Netherlands. Most people who bore the name in the
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Stomer Matthias, Assunzione della Madonna con san Sebastiano, san Carlo Borromeo e san Rocco
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who had studied in Italy. There exists no documentary evidence to support such a training.
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526:, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (cat. no. 31), 1988, pp. 68-69
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Matthias Stom (Amersfoort, near Utrecht c. 1600 – after 1652? Sicily or Northern Italy),
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suffered from this disability. However, there is no evidence for this thesis.
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in Sicily in 1641 when he delivered paintings for churches in nearby
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in Italy, in particular his Dutch followers often referred to as the
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718:"Matteo Stom (II) at the Netherlands Institute for Art History"
698:"Matthias Stom at the Netherlands Institute for Art History"
678:"Antonio Ruffo at the Netherlands Institute for Art History"
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It was traditionally believed that he was a pupil of
609:, The Burlington Magazine 119 (1977), pp. 230-245
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206:(now in the church of Santa Maria di Lorino in
523:Dutch and Flemish paintings from the Hermitage
262:Salome with the Head of Saint John the Baptist
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640:(PhD Thesis) [Table of contents & Summary
839:Salome Receives the Head of John the Baptist
741:The Oxford Dictionary of Art (Third Edition)
1015:Artists in biographies by Giovanni Baglione
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38:, possibly a self-portrait (detail of
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16:17th century Dutch or Flemish painter
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591:at Daxer & Marschall Kunsthandel
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203:Assumption of Mary with three saints
40:Assumption of Mary with three Saints
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509:Woman counting coins by candlelight
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1035:Paintings attributed to Caravaggio
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588:The Martyrdom of Saint Bartholomew
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563:The Martyrdom of Saint Bartholomew
349:List of paintings by Matthias Stom
343:List of paintings by Matthias Stom
315:The Martyrdom of Saint Bartholomew
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642:, University of Amsterdam, 2015
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371:Sarah showing Hagar to Abraham
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431:Christ on the Mount of Olives
291:Sicily or in Northern Italy.
100:(c. 1600 – after 1652) was a
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1078:Jan Gerritsz van Bronckhorst
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890:(Manchester, New Hampshire)
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940:Adoration of the Shepherds
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888:The Judgement of Solomon
879:The Judgement of Solomon
512:at the Kremer Collection
1245:Paolo Domenico Finoglia
905:Man Blowing on an Ember
386:The Judgment of Solomon
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1250:Giovanni Antonio Galli
1220:Battistello Caracciolo
1210:Marco Antonio Bassetti
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1366:Francisco de Zurbarán
1255:Artemisia Gentileschi
1083:Hendrick ter Brugghen
932:Adoration of the Magi
659:. Metropolitan Museum
474:Gaius Mucius Scaevola
416:Adoration of the Magi
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163:Hendrick ter Brugghen
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1339:Spanish Caravaggisti
1235:Bartolomeo Cavarozzi
1225:Cecco del Caravaggio
1198:Italian Caravaggisti
1164:Valentin de Boulogne
1116:Flemish Caravaggisti
1093:Gerard van Honthorst
847:Isaac Blessing Jacob
780:at Wikimedia Commons
541:Liedtke, W. (2007).
159:Gerard van Honthorst
118:Utrecht Caravaggists
1435:Dutch male painters
1305:Bartolomeo Schedoni
1275:Bartolomeo Manfredi
1152:French Caravaggisti
957:Utrecht Caravaggism
636:M.G.C. Osnabrugge,
605:Benedict Nicolson,
476:in the Presence of
88:The Death of Brutus
1330:Giuseppe Vermiglio
1260:Orazio Gentileschi
1230:Bernardo Cavallino
1169:Georges de La Tour
1073:Hendrick Bloemaert
1045:Dutch Caravaggisti
758:Johnny van Haeften
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1351:Francisco Ribalta
1325:Massimo Stanzione
1310:Giovanni Serodine
1205:Giovanni Baglione
1138:Theodoor Rombouts
1088:Wouter Crabeth II
1053:Dirck van Baburen
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824:List of paintings
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459:Old Woman Praying
231:Domenico Gargiulo
175:Abraham Bloemaert
126:Peter Paul Rubens
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723:2022-11-27
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