684:, then on his first term as Prime Minister of Israel (1974–77). He offered to brief Rabin on his talks with the Palestinians, and Rabin consented. On several occasions, indeed, Sartawi and other Palestinian interlocutors used this channel to pass on specific messages intended for Rabin's ears. The PM patiently heard him out, but never consented to send a message in return. "That would be negotiating with the PLO, and I will never never do that" he told Peled—ironic words in retrospect, as Rabin was later to conduct intensive talks with the PLO and sign the
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life-and-death significance, he commanded without any personal knowledge of their language, and only the most vague idea of
Palestinian culture and their way of life. This experience led to his decision to study Arabic, and the more general idea that Jews and Arabs who share a single small country should know each other's language. This conclusion, however, was not yet based on any particular political concept, and it was only many years later when he formulated his alternative political ideas that characterized his later career.
858:; warmly commended and congratulated him for his dramatic rapprochement with the PLO and the handshake with Arafat on the White House lawn; and finally expressed a growing worry and anxiety at the slow pace of the peace process and the continuing occupation, oppression and settlement activity—which gave ample opportunity, as Peled wrote in several admonitory articles, to extremists on both sides to create a renewed dynamic of escalation.
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Israel's overall workforce, would severely cripple the country's economy, which was already suffering from a severe, years-long recession. Therefore, Peled asserted, he was duty-bound to tell the government that the country could not afford a long mobilization and that it had to strike "a sharp decisive blow," after which the reserves could be discharged—which is what Israel proceeded to do in the June 1967
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He soon gained a reputation as one of the most serious and industrious of Israel's parliamentarians, whose speeches on the
Knesset floor "resembled academic lectures". Reportedly, he was capable of reading up for a whole week to prepare a ten-minute speech on an obscure subject. To the despair of the
453:—a crucial turning point in the history of the country and of the entire Middle East to the present day. Others, however, assert that the Eshkol Government had already decided to go to war and that its apparent hesitation was mainly aimed at gaining international (and specifically, American) support.
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Peled's funeral brought together a unique combination of radical peace activists with former generals and senior officers. At the graveside, messages of condolences were read from both the government of Israel and PLO Chairman Arafat. After his death, his widow Zika Peled contributed Matti's private
826:
Peled dedicated his last years to advancing a dialogue of mutual recognition and respect between
Israelis and Palestinians, and to research of Arabic literature. He was the first Israeli professor of Arabic literature who introduced studies of Palestinian literature into the academic curriculum.
402:
Though lasting only briefly, it was a crucial turning point in his life, as he was to recount on numerous later occasions; he found himself the "lord and master" over hundreds of thousands of
Palestinians. While his daily decisions as governor profoundly affected their daily life, sometimes with
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had to transform its collection of militias into a single, full-fledged, regular army, in the midst of heavy fighting on multiple fronts. With many still in their twenties, Peled and his fellow-officers were often entrusted with highly responsible positions, which in most armies are entrusted to
456:
When later asked about this incident—as he was on numerous occasions during his later career on the Left—Peled expressed no regret. He stated that having been in charge of the Supply
Division, he was aware that prolonged mobilization, with the IDF reserves comprising a significant percentage of
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On the other hand, Peled—member of the Left Camp of Israel
Executive for the whole of the party's six years of existence, though he never held a public office on its behalf—claimed that the Palestinian leadership, representing its entire people, could not be expected to make in a dialogue with
676:
The
Israeli participants were spared such tragedies, though there were many death threats, and some newspaper columnists explicitly accused them of "treason." The PLO was then considered to be arch-terrorists and murderers, and few Israelis could comprehend the idea of talking to them.
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being shared between them. At the time this was considered a very radical plan, which the ICIPP was the first
Zionist organization to support it. (Peled and several other ICIPP members won a libel suit against a columnist who had called them and their organization "anti-Zionist.")
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as Israel's PM at the time, and Ariel Sharon as
Defence Minister, seemed a very distant possibility). In effect, the ICIPP—with Peled and Avnery at its head—became a faction within the Left Camp of Israel, embroiled in constant internecine struggle with the opposing faction.
673:, who had played a key role in facilitating the opening of Israeli-Palestinian contacts. Curiel's assassination in 1978 remains a mystery, with the French police never finding (and according to some of his friends, never making a real effort to find) the killer(s).
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in 1982. The very holding of this dialogue represented a significant step from the PLO's side; until then, the organization had the official policy of "talking only to anti-Zionist
Israelis;" i.e., only to a small handful among the Israeli Jewish population.
744:, at his besieged and bombarded headquarters. Cohen strongly condemned the meeting, which he characterised as "fawning". Thereupon Peled, always known as a forthright speaker, accused Cohen of being "a war criminal who bombards a civilian population".
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party, whose platform focused on advocating peace negotiations with the Palestinians. Peled, like virtually the entire membership of the ICIPP went into the new party as a matter of course, but things did not go as smoothly as may have been expected.
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until 1948, when he came to Israel and became the director-general of its newly founded Ministry of Finance; later on he was chairman of the board of the Israeli Electricity Company. Eliav had been until shortly before the secretary-general of the
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Peled reiterated, however, that he had conceived of this as a purely military operation to counter a military threat, and that he had no idea that Israel would maintain occupation of the territories captured for decades afterwards, or establish
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The ICIPP sought to promote private and unofficial dialogue between Israelis and Palestinians in as many ways as possible, but also to try to bring about official negotiations between the Government of Israel and the leadership of the
737:-Misheh) strongly objected, stating that it was a soldier's duty to obey orders, even when he politically objects to the war being conducted; and indeed, Cohen himself, as an artillery officer, took part in the bombardment of Beirut.
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As the chief coordinator of the ICIPP, Peled took a leading role in the initially clandestine meetings with PLO leaders. The first meeting in Paris in 1976 brought Peled and several other Israelis together with PLO senior official
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Peled published numerous political articles in Israeli and international media and translated several pieces of Arabic literature to Hebrew. For what turned out to be his last work of translation—"The Sages of Darkness" by the
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Peled later reversed this position, becoming a leading member in several such left-wing parties in succession, and on numerous occasions expressing sharp criticism of Labor. Still, until his last day, he considered himself a
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movement—some 200 of whom served terms in the military prisons. Peled's position in support of the refusers drew much public attention due to Peled's illustrious military past. Ran Cohen, himself a reserve Colonel
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member who had confronted the Israeli establishment since the early 1950s) most founders of the ICIPP—like Peled himself—were dissident members of the establishment who had moved leftward in the early 1970s.
446:. Sharon later became Defence Minister and Prime Minister and held positions then diametrically opposite Peled's. Tal, who later also became a dove, but a less radical one, never entered active politics.
865:. Virtually until his last day he followed political developments and continued to write political essays even when the very act of sitting at his word processor became extremely difficult and painful.
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Several attempts were made by the government and right-wing parties to outlaw the PLP and prevent it from running in elections—which was the fate of earlier parties in which Miari was involved, such as
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While all members of the party were doves as far as the Israeli general political spectrum was concerned, there were considerable difference of political strategy and tactics. One faction, headed by
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party's press spokespersons, he utterly refused to make any "gimmicks" to catch the attention of the press, or include any "soundbite" in his parliamentary speeches. He lost his seat in the
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was among a group of prominent doves who called upon voters to vote for Labor, despite its faults, rather than for the more radical small left-wing parties (which, under Israel's system of
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radical Israeli dissidents the kind of concessions that would undermine its negotiating position if and when it came to negotiate with the Government of Israel. (Which, with
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Peled, an officer with wide-ranging intellectual interests, was marked early-on as a potential staff officer and in the early 1950s was sent to study at the British
379:, together with Rabin and others, who later held senior positions in the IDF over the following decades. During his stay in Britain, Peled met and befriended some
224:, 20 July 1923 – 10 March 1995) was a well-known Israeli public figure who was at various periods of his life a professional military man who reached the rank of
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The ICIPP Charter called for Israeli withdrawal from the territories occupied in 1967 and the creation of an independent Palestinian state in these territories,
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designed to effect their annexation and permanently change their demographic character. He had opposed these tendencies as soon as they appeared after the war.
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party—held that Israeli peaceniks talking to the Palestinians should strive to extract concessions from them, such as an official recognition of Israel.
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in 1943 however, Peled was involved in various acts against the continuing British rule. He served in the Palmach's Jerusalem Platoon together with
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who often expressed controversial views considered "extreme left" in Israeli terms, yet was treated with considerable respect by political peers.
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This precipitated a final split and break-up of the party. Cohen and his followers decisively parted ways with Peled and Avnery, and joined with
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Avnery, Peled's partner, arrived in Beirut in quite different circumstances—crossing the lines to conduct a first-ever meeting with PLO leader
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with Arafat. Peled always believed that Oslo was at least in part a late flowering of the seeds he and his friends had sown in the 1970s.
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Peled had already studied Arabic literature during his military service, and soon after being discharged he completed and submitted to
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Others involved in this Generals' Protest (which only became known to the general public many years later) were then Major General
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In 1994, seventy years of robust health were broken when Peled felt sharp pains that turned out to be the sign of an incurable
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in 1982. Peled outspokenly supported the reserve soldiers who refused to take part in the war, organised by the newly founded
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officers, who also had been sent there; some of these officers were to gain senior positions in their own, opposing military.
435:, Peled was among a group of generals who demanded that the government start a war, and threatened to resign if it did not.
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661:, another Palestinian participant in the dialogue, had been assassinated in London in 1978. Also assassinated was
771:, a veteran radical political activist and human rights lawyer specializing in land confiscation cases, and Rev.
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Some historians credit the Generals' Protest with a decisive role in Israel's making the decision to launch the
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For their part, Peled and Avnery were in 1984 among the founding members of a Jewish-Arab political party, the
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and was cordially received by American generals. At the time he still supported the U.S. involvement in the
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Peled's first direct involvement in a political party was in 1977 with the foundation of the short-lived
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back into Israel; this act was a marked exception to the government's policy of outright rejecting the
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1056:"Following in the Footsteps of His Father, a Zionist Hero, Toward a Free and Democratic Palestine"
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in May, he was among the cadre of militia officers who became the backbone of the newly founded
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Peled served as the military commander of Gaza during the half-year Israeli occupation of the
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524:, in which the clear leftward change in his political stance was evident. He also joined the
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At the same time, he started regularly publishing articles in the weekend edition of
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Commemorative articles published in "The Other Israel" after Matti Peled's death
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1006:"American Friends Service Committee: Profile of Matti Peled (March 30, 2010)"
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seemed to be hesitating whether or not to launch a pre-emptive attack on the
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west of Jerusalem—but were resettled at a nearby location, the village of
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His last essay, written a few weeks before his death and published in
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During the severe political crisis of May 1967, in the lead-up to the
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in whose conquest he personally had a major role; and a member of the
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Peled was married and had two sons and two daughters. One daughter,
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Peled retired from military life in 1969. In that period he visited
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In 1946 Peled started law studies in London, but the outbreak of
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As the military commander of the Jerusalem region following the
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in 1965. However, the Supreme Court overturned these attempts.
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Arnon, for example, was a noted economist, who had headed the
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1024:"Mattityahu Peled, Israeli General, 72; Sought P.L.O. Talks"
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and predicting the explosion that was to break out with the
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905:. She lost her 14-year-old daughter Smadar Elhanan in the
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Israeli military personnel of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War
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Things came to a head with the outbreak of the First
708:—later a Knesset Member and cabinet minister for the
528:, though holding no office on its behalf, and in the
507:. Subsequently, Peled was one of the founders of the
484:, a position that was to change in subsequent years.
300:'s rapid advance across North Africa. After Rommel's
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and a leading proponent of Israeli dialogue with the
308:, with whom Peled was to maintain lifelong contact.
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Jewish Israeli activists for Palestinian solidarity
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Matti Peled Foundation for Peace in the Middle East
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324:brought him back to the military. With the ensuing
901:, is a professor of language and education at the
890:. His political articles were contributed to the
236:and was a member of the General Staff during the
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759:Knesset Member in the Progressive List for Peace
580:and others. Aside from Avnery (a journalist and
292:youth movements. At the age of 18 he joined the
843:—Peled won the Translators' Association Prize.
536:had a good chance of gaining some seats in the
16:Israeli politician, general, and peace activist
344:, Peled participated in a project to resettle
558:Israeli Council for Israeli-Palestinian Peace
556:In 1975 Peled was one of the founders of the
386:
680:Peled did approach his old comrade in arms
655:XVI Congress of the Socialist International
633:, who acted with the full authorisation of
407:The "Generals' Protest" and the Six-Day War
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240:of 1967; a notable scholar who headed the
29:
886:library to the Arab Teachers' College at
337:older and far more experienced officers.
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913:, is also a peace activist and lives in
818:when the party was reduced to one seat.
423:. At the time when the government of PM
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909:, in the center of Jerusalem. One son,
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907:1997 Ben Yehuda Street suicide bombing
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649:Sartawi was assassinated in 1983 in
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657:by an extremist Palestinian group;
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948:| The Independent (16, March 1995)
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42:Faction represented in the Knesset
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332:, as the newly created state of
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1022:Sullivan, Ronald (1995-03-11).
981:"Obituary: General Matti Peled"
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946:Obituary: General Matti Peled
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89:10 March 1995 (aged 71)
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230:Major General
227:
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187:
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176:
172:
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165:
162:
161:Major General
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1027:
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989:. Retrieved
987:. 1995-03-16
984:
963:
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941:
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876:Oslo Accords
869:
867:
863:liver cancer
860:
852:human rights
845:
829:
825:
812:
797:
789:
762:
746:
739:
723:
714:
703:
695:
679:
675:
663:Henri Curiel
659:Said Hammami
648:
627:
619:
611:
587:
570:Yossi Amitai
566:Yaakov Arnon
555:
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519:
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491:
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440:Ariel Sharon
437:
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182:Battles/wars
177:in the 1960s
73:20 July 1923
1115:1995 deaths
1110:1923 births
848:Gush Shalom
822:Final years
726:Lebanon War
653:during the
594:Netherlands
578:Aryeh Eliav
574:Amos Keinan
501:Nobel Prize
482:Vietnam War
467:settlements
459:Six-Day War
451:Six-Day War
425:Levi Eshkol
413:Six-Day War
397:Suez Crisis
272:Early years
238:Six-Day War
194:Six-Day War
190:Suez Crisis
1104:Categories
1041:2017-08-19
991:2017-08-19
933:References
911:Miko Peled
779:Church in
603:Golda Meir
562:Uri Avnery
444:Israel Tal
393:Gaza Strip
366:Ein Neqova
350:Green Line
246:Literature
103:Allegiance
1036:0362-4331
915:San Diego
888:Beit Berl
882:of 2000.
730:Yesh Gvul
706:Ran Cohen
651:Albufeira
614:Jerusalem
599:Alignment
503:laureate
478:U.S. Army
399:in 1956.
381:Jordanian
358:West Bank
354:Jordanian
352:from the
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147:1941-1970
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1091:Archived
921:See also
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964:Knesset
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302:defeat
298:Rommel
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671:Paris
665:, an
433:Sinai
278:Haifa
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