Mattress - Knowledge

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and memory foam mattresses each provide a unique feel. This type of mattress is good at relieving pressure on painful joints. Many memory foam mattresses are more expensive than standard spring mattresses. Memory foam is affected by temperature. In a cool bedroom, a memory foam mattress will feel firmer than it does in a warm bedroom. Memory softens and conforms to the sleeper in response to body temperature and body weight. Traditional memory foam molds to the body creating a depression the sleeper must roll out of when changing sleep positions. Mattress manufacturers have responded to this issue by using "faster response" memory foams. They spring back more quickly when the sleeper moves. Foam mattresses are also known to generally "sleep warmer" than innerspring mattresses. Mattress makers have addressed the issue with "open-cell" memory foams, pinhole cored memory foam, gel-infused memory foams, channel-cut foam cores, reticulated foam support layers and other technologies to improve air circulation through all-foam beds.

621:(now Sleep Number) began a major marketing campaign around 2001. The original airbed was manufactured by Comfortaire in 1981, which was later purchased by Select Comfort. There are several other manufacturers. Some allow independent adjustment of each side of the bed. They are made in a variety of models from basic, no-frills ones that measure about 7″ in height, to high-profile, 15″ tall hybrids that contain several types of foam, pillow tops, and digital pumps with memory for individual pressure settings. Studies suggest that adjustable-firmness beds are better for back pain. Adjustable-firmness mattresses for medical use have special control mechanisms. In the 1990s self-adjusting air beds that automatically change their pressure periodically, or inflate and deflate several air chambers alternately, were introduced. The intention of these periodic changes is to reduce problems with decubitus ulcers ( 737:

reduce this: double-sided mattresses can be alternately flipped width-wise (about the long axis) and length-wise (about the shorter axis), or alternately flipped and rotated; while single-sided mattresses are only rotated, which is simpler but less effective. Flipping/rotation schedules vary between materials and manufacturers, but typically recommended is monthly for the first six months and every two or three months thereafter. Foundations should also be rotated, if possible, though less frequently – rotating box springs twice a year is recommended. While sagging is undesirable, some level of indentation (about 8 cm (3.1 in)) is natural if natural materials are used in a comfort layer.

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use. A poor quality foam comfort layer can deteriorate noticeably in 1 year, while a quality latex core can last 20 years or more; innerspring cores typically last around 10 years. The comfort layer is almost invariably the first area to fail, which is why mattresses are often double-sided, to extend the lifespan. A separate topper may be used instead of or in addition to a comfort layer, which reduces wear and is replaceable without replacing the entire mattress. The majority of high-end mattresses have a lifespan of between 7–10 years but it can last beyond 10 years and more depending on the level of care.

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circular knit or woven damask on the top panel—the bed's sleeping surface; a matching or contrasting (usually woven) fabric on the border of the mattress; a matching or contrasting (usually woven) fabric on the foundation side panels; a 'non-skid' woven or non-woven fabric on the surface of the foundation and reverse side of the mattress; and a non-woven dust cover on the under side of the foundation. Some North American mattress producers are beginning to use furniture upholstery fabrics on the bed's borders giving beds a more European, home furnishings look.

435:, are thin-gauge, barrel-shaped, knot-less coils individually encased in fabric pockets—normally a fabric from man-made, non-woven fiber. Some manufacturers pre-compress these coils, which makes the mattress firmer and allows for motion separation between the sides of the bed. As the springs are not wired together, they work more or less independently: the weight on one spring does not affect its neighbors. More than half the consumers who participated in a survey had chosen to buy pocket spring mattresses. 625:), though as of 2008 the effectiveness of these techniques was still being researched. Air mattresses for camping are available which are filled with foam which itself provides little support, but expands when the air valve is opened allowing air to enter, so the mattress (nearly) inflates by itself. This is especially useful for campers who carry their equipment as, unlike with normal air mattresses, no pump is needed for inflating. Available brands include Aerobed, Coleman, 2175: 2967: 714:(funded by the BSC) of 59 people with poor sleep who received free new replacement mattresses for their existing mattresses 5 years or older (average age 9.5 years) found improved sleep, particularly when the existing mattresses were cheap. A follow-up paper by some of the same authors with additional statistical analysis reinforced these conclusions. The BSC has subsequently cited this study in the ISPA-published news magazine for mattress manufacturers, 27: 2977: 516:

decade, along with the rise in popularity of all-foam beds, stretchy knit ticking on the bed's top panel has become a standard look on both innerspring and foam beds. Most ticking is made with polyester yarns. More expensive mattress fabrics may contain a combination of polyester with rayon, cotton, silk, wool or other natural yarns.

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and this is the average number of years Americans keep mattresses, though this varies by age group. This expectation is based on a number of factors, including sales pitches; the expectation that mattresses will last the length of their warranty, hence 10 years or 20 years, accordingly; and comparison with other household items.

733:, and staining. These are prevented by proper support, rotation and flipping, keeping it dry, and using a mattress pad or protector. Some symptoms of a broken or worn-out mattress include springs which can be felt poking through the upholstery layer, visible permanent sagging or deformity, lumpiness, and excessive squeaking. 219:. Other fill components include insulator pads over the coils that prevent the bed's upholstery layers from cupping down into the innerspring, as well as polyester fiberfill in the bed's top upholstery layers. In 1899 James Marshall introduced the first individually wrapped pocketed spring coil mattress now commonly known as 584:. This kind of foam is made largely from open cells that are packed together tightly. High density foam mattresses offer comfort and longevity because they are more dense than a traditional foam mattress. High density foam mattresses that have an innerspring system last even longer and eliminate mattress sagging. 117: 648:

Many parameters determine the quality of a mattress. Laboratory test methods have been established for some of these parameters, such as pressure distribution, skin microclimate, hygiene, edge support, and long-term stability. Some of these have been developed by Duncan Bain, working on behalf of the

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are typically for 10 years or 20 years, sometimes 25 years, though this specifically addresses manufacturing defects and faster-than-normal deterioration, not expected deterioration with time. In the United States, as of 2008 there is a general expectation that mattresses should last about 10 years,

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mattresses use conforming viscoelastic foam over firmer polyurethane base foam. Some innerspring mattresses have memory foam in their upholstery layer. Different feels and comfort levels are achieved by varying the thickness, weight and formulation of the viscoelastic foams and the base foams. Latex

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are an hourglass type coil on which portions of the top and bottom convolutions have been flattened. In assembling the innerspring unit, these flat segments of wire are hinged together with helical wires. The hinging effect of the unit is designed to conform to body shape. LFK coils are an unknotted

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A waterbed is a mattress with water in its interior instead of metal coils or air. Waterbeds can be lined with different layers of fiber to achieve the level of firmness the user desires. Waterbeds are well known for providing support to the spine and other body parts, similar to the other mattress

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and others. The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission advises consumers not to let infants sleep on air mattresses. This is motivated by reports of deaths, mostly infants younger than 8 months of age, who were placed to sleep on air mattresses, and either suffocated in a face down position on an

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Air mattresses use one or more air chambers instead of springs to provide support. Quality and price can range from inexpensive ones used occasionally for camping, to high-end luxury beds. Air mattresses designed for typical bedroom use cost about the same as inner-spring mattresses with comparable

317:(secured with straps or elasticated cloth corners). They are used to extend the life of the more-expensive boxspring, make a bed warmer or cooler (with airflow, or heat-conductive materials), make a firm bed softer, and for travel and dorms, as they are portable, especially if they are low-density. 1545:

Mufraggi, Nicole; Real, María Teresa Gil del; Zamora, Javier; Muriel, Alfonso; Gestoso, Mario; Guillén, Pedro; Ruano, Domingo; Ferrer, Enrique; Sánchez-Vera, Manuel; Martín-Rodríguez, José Gerardo; Peña, Andrés; Abraira, Víctor; Kovacs, Francisco M. (2003-11-15). "Effect of firmness of mattress on

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Radwan, Ahmed; Fess, Philip; James, Darcy; Murphy, John; Myers, Joseph; Rooney, Michelle; Taylor, Jason; Torii, Alissa (2015). "Effect of different mattress designs on promoting sleep quality, pain reduction, and spinal alignment in adults with or without back pain; systematic review of controlled

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Mattresses require a solid foundation which does not itself sag – a sagging foundation, such as by weak slats on a wide bed, will in turn cause the mattress to sag. Consistently sleeping in the same place and body position causes excessive wear, and thus rotating or flipping mattresses is used to

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The term mattress lifespan refers to the duration in which all types of mattress can retain their original support and comfort. Mattresses deteriorate over time, and the lifespan of a mattress depends on a variety of factors, notably materials, manufacturing quality, care, and the rigorousness of

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and Purple, with venture capital and funding followed and helped grow the global mattress industry to $ 28.5 billion dollar in 2018. According to experts, there are over 175 bed-in-a-box mattress companies in the United States. Mattress suggestion methods are emerging in response to the crowded

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The mattress replacement cycle is a key driver of income and profits for the mattress industry – a five-year replacement cycle yields double the sales of a 10-year replacement cycle, for instance – so the mattress industry has a financial incentive to shorten the replacement cycle. Notably, the

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Other parameters, such as firmness, are more specific to the sleeper. In general, firm mattresses are recommended for stomach and some back sleepers, soft mattresses are recommended for side sleepers, and medium mattresses are recommended for the majority of back sleepers. Double mattresses are

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of the coils is one factor which determines firmness and support. Coils are measured in quarter increments. The lower the number, the thicker the spring. In general, higher-quality mattress coils have a 14-gauge (1.63 mm) diameter. Coils of 14 to 15.5-gauge (1.63 to 1.37 mm) give more

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is the protective fabric cover used to encase mattresses and foundations. It is usually designed to coordinate with the foundation border fabric and comes in a wide variety of colors and styles. Mattress fabrics can be knits, damask or printed wovens, or inexpensive non-wovens. During the past

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Up until the early 2000s, beds were normally upholstered with a single fabric. This was usually a damask ticking or, for inexpensive bedsets, a non-woven fabric covering all surfaces of the mattress and foundation. Today's bedsets are covered with up to six different fabrics: A better quality

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The middle upholstery comprises all the material between the insulator and the quilt. It is usually made from materials which are intended to provide comfort to the sleeper, including flexible polyurethane foam (which includes convoluted "egg-crate" foam), viscoelastic foam, latex foam, felt,

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incorporates both mattress and foundation in a single upholstered, footed unit. Divans have at least one innerspring layer as well as cushioning materials. They may be supplied with a secondary mattress or a removable "topper". Mattresses may also be filled with air or water, or a variety of

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with bonded cotton exteriors. Mattresses may have a layer of foam above the air chambers for added cushioning, and may be enclosed in a cover. Some such beds are termed soft-sided air beds. Permanent use adjustable-firmness "airbeds" became popular particularly after market leader

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The grid-top design also allows for better weight distribution and can reduce pressure points, which can be beneficial for people with back pain or joint issues. Additionally, the open design of the foundation can make it easier to move and store compared to bulkier box springs.

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Upholstery layers cover the mattress and provide cushioning and comfort. Some manufacturers call the mattress core the "support layer" and the upholstery layer the "comfort layer". The upholstery layer consists of three parts: the insulator, the middle upholstery, and the quilt.

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springs of the 19th century, they are still prevalent in mid-priced mattresses. Bonnell springs are a knotted, round-top, hourglass-shaped steel wire coil. When laced together with cross wire helicals, these coils form the simplest innerspring unit, also referred to as a Bonnell

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This type of bed base is often used as an alternative to traditional box springs, which may be less durable and may not provide adequate support for heavier mattresses. Grid-top foundation bed bases are typically more durable and may offer greater stability for the mattress.

181:, which continues to be spread by mosquitos throughout Africa to this day and has been estimated to be the single most common cause of death among humans historically, estimated to have caused the death of roughly half of humans that have ever lived throughout 772:

which are dark red, and other bodily fluids in addition to accidental spills. These visibly stain the ticking and seep through into lower layers. In addition to being unhygienic, hard to launder, and unsightly, such stains typically void a warranty. Thus a

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have become a trend and are more compatible with certain types of mattresses such as latex or memory foam. These are particularly popular in Europe, and for one business accounted for 25% of beds in Sweden in 2010 and 70% of beds in the Netherlands.

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Excessive wear on mattresses can occur when folding and bending takes place, placing heavy objects in one spot, or excess force on the handles, will also cause more rapid deterioration. Care should particularly be taken during transport or storage.

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polyester fiber, cotton fiber, wool fiber and non-woven fiber pads. In Europe and North America, mattress makers have begun incorporating gel-infused foams, soft-solid gels layered over foam, and poured gels in the top comfort layer of the bed.

749:) does not. Additional ventilation is recommended for natural materials, in which case leaving the mattress "naked" after stripping sheets (for example while laundering) is recommended. If a mattress is allowed to become damp, for example by 274:

standards that vary by market. The size of mattress varies between national standards in width and height and depth. Many countries use non-numeric labels such as "King", "Queen", "Double", "Full" or "Single" to represent these dimensions.

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Chou, Roger; Qaseem, Amir; Snow, Vincenza; Casey, Donald; Cross, J. Thomas; Shekelle, Paul; Owens, Douglas K.; Clinical Efficacy Assessment Subcommittee of the American College of Physicians; American College of Physicians (2007-10-02).

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A grid-top foundation bed base is a type of bed foundation that features a grid-like structure made of metal or wood slats. The slats are spaced apart to provide support for a mattress and improve airflow to keep the mattress cool and

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of some fluid, notably water or air. These date to antiquity – goatskin bladders filled with water were used in Persia at least as early as 3600 BCE – and gained increased popularity in the 20th century with improved manufacturing.

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Mattresses require ventilation to remain dry and prevent mildew, and thus should not be placed directly on the floor or on a solid surface – slats or a box spring provide space for airflow, while solid wood or plywood (as in cheap

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found that medium-firm mattresses assessed using the Hs scale from the European Committee for Standardization were associated with less pain; this study has been cited by clinical practice guidelines on lower back pain. In 2015, a

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tree and synthetic latex, which is derived from petrochemicals and other substances and fillers. There are, however, natural latex mattresses that leave out polyurethane-based chemicals. Latex foam is produced using either the

324:/mattress pad/mattress cover (a thin, generally unpadded layer not designed to improve comfort), mattress toppers can be used to protect the mattress from the sleeper or vice versa. Some mattress toppers are machine-washable; 805:

was founded in 1915 and releases a report on U.S. mattress sales. Another association, Specialty Sleep Association, represents companies such as Innomax and Boyd Specialty focused on latex, waterbeds, and airbeds. However,

801:, became owned by the same company after a private equity buyout. Simmons, founded in the late 1800s, was bought and sold multiple times and faced bankruptcy after a major decline in the bedding industry in the 2000s. The 226:

In North America, the typical mattress sold today is an innerspring; however, there is increasing interest in all-foam beds and hybrid beds, which include both an innerspring and high-end foams such as viscoelastic or

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The quilt is the top layer of the mattress. Made of light foam or fibers stitched to the underside of the ticking, it provides a soft surface texture to the mattress and can be found in varying degrees of firmness.

423:(the Leggett & Platt brand name is "Mira-coil") is an innerspring configuration in which the rows of coils are formed from a single piece of wire. They work in a hinging effect similar to that of offset coils. 390:

Connections between the coils help the mattress retain its shape. Most coils are connected by interconnecting wires; encased coils are not connected, but the fabric encasement helps preserve the mattress shape.

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A traditional box spring consists of a rigid frame containing extra heavy duty springs. This foundation is often paired with an innerspring mattress, as it extends the life of the spring unit at the mattress's

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unit, as well as an "ortho box", provides support similar to a platform foundation. All-wood foundations have become increasingly prevalent as U.S. mattress makers shifted to super-thick, one-sided mattresses.

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or similarly fastened case, usually of heavy cloth, containing materials such as hair, straw, cotton, foam rubber, or a framework of metal springs. Mattresses may also be filled with air or water.

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Companies often specialize in a particular type of mattress, such as innerspring, latex, and airbed, although as latex and airbeds have become more popular, they have become more common.

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foams. A number of mattress manufacturers have incorporated polyurethane and visco-elastic foams with a portion of plant-based content. All-foam mattresses are often paired with

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in the comfort layers. In Europe, polyurethane foam cores and latex cores have long been popular. These make up a much larger proportion of the mattresses sold in the continent.

718:, to advocate a more frequent replacement cycle, specifically to "consider replacing a mattress every five to seven years"; the recommendation is based largely on this study. 256:

Upholstery layers cover the mattress and provide cushioning and comfort. The upholstery layer consists of three parts: the insulator, the middle upholstery, and the quilt.

169:. The oldest known mattress dates to around 77,000 years ago and is from South Africa, which consisted of layers of twigs and leaves, notably including the leaves from 1227: 1210: 448:

The insulator separates the mattress core from the middle upholstery. It is usually made of fiber or mesh and is intended to keep the middle upholstery in place.

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Silenieks, Edmund; Kobus, Hilton J.; Scharnberg, Jordana (2002). "Improving the effectiveness of fluorescence for the detection of semen stains on fabrics".

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All-foam mattresses use different weights and densities of petrochemical-based flexible polyurethane foams and viscoelastic foams or memory foam, and

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available with a softer and a firmer part, or with adjustable firmness levels, to accommodate sleepers with different preferences who share a bed.

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air mattress or died due to suffocation after falling into gaps between the mattress and bed frame, or the mattress and adjacent furniture or wall.

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types. There are several options of support which range up to 100% waveless, where the user does not notice that they are lying upon a waterbed.

2102: 1644: 1346: 1284: 1002: 1971: 1818: 2053: 353:. They are simply constructed and were traditionally homemade. Because they are fairly thin and light, they are layered to form a bed. 375:

The core of the mattress supports the sleeper's body. Modern spring mattress cores, often called "innersprings" are made up of steel

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A third-century BCE papyrus mentions a man named Krotos who is "waiting in Jaffa for an opportunity of exporting... and mattresses."

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Two-sided, innerspring pillow-top mattress on box-spring foundation with a woven damask cover also called a mattress sheet

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Richman, Gina S., et al. "Simulation procedures for teaching independent menstrual care to mentally retarded persons".

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features. Air bladder construction varies from a simple polyethylene bag to internally baffled, multiple chambers of

192:. In the first half of the 20th century, a typical mattress sold in North America had an innerspring core and cotton 145:) which means "something thrown down" or "place where something is thrown down" and hence "mat, cushion". During the 1503: 1397: 1023: 387:

easily under pressure, while a 12.5-gauge (1.94 mm) coil, the thickest typically available, feels quite firm.

349:(a type of cloth), filled with some suitable material. A paillasse or a featherbed is a tick mattress, as are most 2240: 301:

is a thin mattress, usually 5–10 centimetres (2–4 in) thick. Stand-alone mattresses of this size exist (see

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Mattresses absorb fluids and stains readily, notably from nightly sweating (which results in a yellow stain),

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which serves as a natural insect repellent and is believed to have served the additional purpose of repelling

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Comfortaire, founded in 1981, was the first to specialize in airbeds. It was later bought by Select Comfort.

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Similar to memory foam mattresses, a high density foam mattress uses a more compact foam typically made from

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Mattresses which are mostly the same are often sold under different brand names; two of the largest brands,

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were made of a stack of mattresses of this size). But "mattress topper"s are usually sold for use on top of

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is suggested to protect the mattress; this can be removed and cleaned separately, and replaced if damaged.

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Innerspring mattresses commonly consist of just the spring core, and the top and bottom upholstery layers.

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Typically the measurements of a foundation will be about 1–2″ shorter than the measurement of a mattress.

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became a major part of the business model for direct-to-consumer online mattress companies such as

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in 2012, which had introduced an all foam (TEMPUR-Material) brand into the United States in 1992.

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American Chemistry Council: Center for the Polyurethanes Industry. 2008. Retrieved Aug. 15, 2011.

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chronic non-specific low-back pain: randomised, double-blind, controlled, multicentre trial".

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Alternating pressure air mattresses as prevention for pressure ulcers: A literature review

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of studies concluded that medium-firm, custom-inflated mattresses were best for pain and

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Early mattresses contained a variety of natural materials including straw, feathers or

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International Journal of Nursing Studies, Volume 45, Issue 5, Pages 784-801 (May 2008)

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on the floor since sleeping on beds in the Middle East was for the wealthy. The word

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An all-wood foundation usually has seven or eight support slats disposed below

162: 1744: 1695: 1343:"Flexible Polyurethane Foams (FPFs) Used in Upholstered Furniture and Bedding" 306: 2995: 2814: 2698: 2693: 2008: 1925: 1889: 1617: 726: 675: 555: 427: 395: 370: 342: 220: 83: 133: 2952: 2921: 2911: 2841: 2751: 2708: 2688: 2619: 2533: 2406: 2399: 2362: 2235: 2103:"There are now 175 online mattress companies—and you can't tell them apart" 1849: 1803: 1778:"Grouped comparisons of sleep quality for new and personal bedding systems" 1762: 1713: 1625: 1567: 1490: 906: 851:, went bankrupt in 2009 and was purchased by one of its former executives. 840: 818: 769: 750: 746: 626: 602: 581: 533: 529: 213: 66: 2874: 2869: 2789: 2756: 2718: 2703: 2629: 2597: 2335: 2300: 2260: 2250: 2187: 1819:"Better Sleep Council consumer research findings on mattresses and sleep" 1645:"Oklahoma State University research shows the importance of new mattress" 1150:"After 2 Days of Testing, Here Are Our Favorite Mattress Toppers of 2022" 564: 481: 376: 2174: 2078:"Mattress Market Size, Share, Trend | Global Industry Report, 2019-2025" 2947: 2937: 2901: 2895: 2746: 2624: 2587: 2582: 2565: 2508: 2355: 2308: 1128:"Add to the Comfort of Your Bed With the Right Kind of Mattress Topper" 836: 477: 74: 26: 2255: 865:, founded in 1948, is one of the largest manufacturers of mattresses. 116: 2779: 2665: 2655: 2650: 2645: 2270: 1515: 889: 874: 810:, which produces airbeds (a specialty bed), is a member of the ISPA. 314: 197: 189: 174: 51: 1776:

Jacobson, Bert H.; Wallace, T. J.; Smith, Doug B.; Kolb, T. (2008).

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Banerjee, Devin; Callan, James; Helyar, John (27 September 2012).

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Latex foam in mattresses is generally a blend of the latex of the

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or mild surface cleanser and a slightly damp cloth avoids this.

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problems occur with most mattresses and can include sagging,

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A conventional mattress consists of two primary sections – a

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Jacobson, Bert H.; Boolani, Ali; Smith, Doug B. (Mar 2009).

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is a large, usually rectangular pad for supporting a person

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or "comfort layer" – wrapped in a thick fabric called the

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circular promoting home production of cotton mattresses

1946:"Conversation with ISPA Chair Kathy Roedel | BedTimes" 2146:"Specialty Sleep mattresses go mainstream | BedTimes" 1878:"Mattress Complaints: It's Going to Be a Bumpy Night" 1467: 94:

is a common mattress material in Southeast Asia, and

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Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency

405:are the oldest and most common. First adapted from 572:Memory foam § Properties (of mattresses only) 1364:Product Watch: Green foams grabbing the spotlight 1201:"Mattresses: Choosing the best type of mattress" 1143: 1141: 417:offset coil with a cylindrical or columnar shape. 328:and fillings are made from a range of materials. 2993: 710:An industry-funded 2006 study by researchers at 1299:"Dress up: Mattress fabrics take on many roles" 1138: 77:or a slatted foundation. Popular in Europe, a 54:as part of a bed. Mattresses may consist of a 2438: 2203: 1639: 1637: 1635: 1121: 1119: 1117: 1997:"New Beds Are Much More Than Places to Rest" 1816: 1678:Jacobson, BH; Boolani, A; Smith, DB (2009). 464:There are three main types of foundation or 431:, also known as wrapped or encased coils or 270:Mattresses are typically made to conform to 1171:Back and Bed: Ergonomic Aspects of Sleeping 1068:"National Bed Federation Bed Buyers' Guide" 988:mattress (n.) - Online Etymology Dictionary 788: 2445: 2431: 2217: 2210: 2196: 1632: 1114: 61:Mattresses are usually placed on top of a 1793: 1752: 1703: 1607: 1387:. February 2003. Retrieved Aug. 15, 2011. 1101: 287:A mattress topper on a boxspring mattress 1911: 885:International Sleep Products Association 803:International Sleep Products Association 701:International Sleep Products Association 282: 115: 65:which may be solid, as in the case of a 25: 1609:10.7326/0003-4819-147-7-200710020-00006 1520:U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission 1209:. Consumers Association. Archived from 721: 73:, such as an upholstered wood and wire 2994: 2027: 1994: 1864:Applied research in mental retardation 1668:. September 2004. Retrieved 2012-9-30. 1434: 1247: 1021: 16:Large soft sheet for lying on to sleep 2426: 2191: 2122: 1907: 1905: 1875: 1463: 1461: 1430: 1428: 1372:. Feb. 2010. Retrieved Aug. 15, 2011. 1314:, November 2009. Retrieved 2011-8-21. 1193: 588: 2976: 1238:. October 2012. Retrieved 2012-9-26. 1166: 1147: 439: 1516:Air Mattresses are Not for Infants. 1333:. October 2011. Retrieved 2012-1-2. 13: 2100: 1902: 1458: 1425: 1287:from the original on 4 April 2024. 1225:Gel foams meet fast-growing demand 1125: 920: 278: 14: 3023: 2167: 1248:Nelles, Barbara (February 2012). 1102:Plumridge, Jo (18 January 2022). 1022:Wayman, Erin (14 December 2011). 593:Mattresses can also be made from 46:. It is designed to be used as a 2975: 2966: 2965: 2241:Chittenden & Eastman Company 2173: 2028:Segran, Elizabeth (2018-08-20). 1404:, Aug. 2011. Retrieved 2013-8-13 1010:The American Heritage Dictionary 898:– mattress room in mountain huts 813:Originally founded in 1881, the 523: 336: 2138: 2116: 2094: 2070: 2046: 2021: 1988: 1963: 1938: 1869: 1856: 1829: 1810: 1769: 1720: 1671: 1655: 1582: 1538: 1525: 1509: 1497: 1437:"What's in the air? | BedTimes" 1407: 1390: 1375: 1356: 1336: 1317: 1291: 1267: 1241: 1217: 1160: 1095: 1057:. July 2009. Retrieved 2011-9-1 690:In the United States, mattress 507: 234: 1912:Creswell, Julie (2009-10-04). 1533:"Pressure Reducing Mattresses" 1060: 1041: 1015: 992: 981: 972: 963: 942: 356: 1: 2178:The dictionary definition of 1560:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14792-7 1435:Nelles, Barbara (June 2006). 1275:"Best Mattress for Back Pain" 1024:"The World's Oldest Mattress" 913: 660: 459: 2123:Salas, Amanda (2018-09-29). 1995:Wadler, Joyce (2010-02-10). 1838:Journal of Forensic Sciences 1795:10.1016/j.apergo.2007.04.002 1398:"Trends in Springs and Foam" 1325:"Judging a bed by its cover" 969:P. Cairo Zen I 59093 257 BCE 7: 2452: 1876:Segal, David (2010-10-09). 1817:Nancy Butler (April 2008). 1596:Annals of Internal Medicine 1415:"What is High Density Foam" 868: 780: 768:) stains which are darker, 681: 667:randomized-controlled trial 243:or "support layer" and the 10: 3028: 2800:Hudson's Bay point blanket 2385:Tempur Sealy International 2101:Wu, Jasmine (2019-08-18). 1483:10.1016/j.sleh.2015.08.001 643: 569: 368: 290: 263: 204:core or materials such as 161:eventually descended into 105: 101: 18: 2961: 2930: 2860: 2765: 2737: 2679: 2638: 2606: 2460: 2226: 2082:www.grandviewresearch.com 1745:10.1016/j.jcm.2008.09.002 1696:10.1016/j.jcm.2008.09.002 1280:National Council on Aging 712:Oklahoma State University 311:traditional European beds 21:Mattress (disambiguation) 999:"Mattress: Word History" 857: 839:. Later, companies like 789:United States of America 394:There are four types of 331: 259: 1075:National Bed Federation 847:Another large company, 703:(ISPA) established the 612:(vulcanized rubber) or 364: 1077:. 2018. Archived from 288: 125: 31: 1175:. CRC Press. p. 286: 119: 29: 2395:Stearns & Foster 2346:Sleep Country Canada 2150:bedtimesmagazine.com 1950:bedtimesmagazine.com 1441:bedtimesmagazine.com 844:retail marketplace. 722:Maintenance and care 705:Better Sleep Council 108:Bed § Etymology 19:For other uses, see 2724:Orthopedic mattress 2373:Chattam & Wells 2276:Leggett & Platt 1554:(9396): 1599–1604. 1535:. MHRA. April 2004. 1167:Haex, Bart (2005). 902:Orthopedic mattress 833:affiliate marketing 307:Bed base#Floor beds 2885:Contour leg pillow 2870:Acupressure pillow 2714:Mattress protector 2001:The New York Times 1918:The New York Times 1882:The New York Times 1866:7.1 (1986): 21–35. 1782:Applied Ergonomics 1384:BedTimes" Magazine 1349:2011-09-06 at the 1304:2013-11-04 at the 1230:2012-10-05 at the 1148:Rabideau, Camryn. 1126:Ullman, Michelle. 1047:Nelles, Barbara. " 1005:2007-03-23 at the 775:mattress protector 589:Bladder mattresses 546:Hevea brasiliensis 322:mattress protector 289: 212:or other flexible 171:Cryptocarya woodii 126: 112:Bed § History 32: 2989: 2988: 2907:Orthopedic pillow 2420: 2419: 2324:Tuft & Needle 2231:Boll & Branch 1666:BedTimes Magazine 1402:BedTimes Magazine 1396:Nelles, Barbara. 1369:BedTimes Magazine 1330:BedTimes Magazine 1323:Nelles, Barbara. 1311:BedTimes Magazine 1297:Nelles, Barbara. 1254:BedTimes Magazine 1236:BedTimes Magazine 1213:on 12 March 2015. 1186:978-0-415-33297-2 1054:BedTimes Magazine 817:was purchased by 815:Sealy Corporation 672:systematic review 577:High density foam 440:Upholstery layers 345:is a bag made of 167:Romance languages 137:derives from the 42:, especially for 3019: 2979: 2978: 2969: 2968: 2852:Weighted blanket 2832:Security blanket 2795:Electric blanket 2447: 2440: 2433: 2424: 2423: 2212: 2205: 2198: 2189: 2188: 2177: 2161: 2160: 2158: 2157: 2142: 2136: 2135: 2133: 2132: 2120: 2114: 2113: 2111: 2110: 2098: 2092: 2091: 2089: 2088: 2074: 2068: 2067: 2065: 2064: 2050: 2044: 2043: 2041: 2040: 2025: 2019: 2018: 2016: 2015: 1992: 1986: 1985: 1983: 1982: 1967: 1961: 1960: 1958: 1957: 1942: 1936: 1935: 1933: 1932: 1909: 1900: 1899: 1897: 1896: 1873: 1867: 1860: 1854: 1853: 1833: 1827: 1826: 1814: 1808: 1807: 1797: 1773: 1767: 1766: 1756: 1724: 1718: 1717: 1707: 1675: 1669: 1659: 1653: 1652: 1641: 1630: 1629: 1611: 1586: 1580: 1579: 1542: 1536: 1529: 1523: 1513: 1507: 1501: 1495: 1494: 1465: 1456: 1455: 1453: 1452: 1443:. Archived from 1432: 1423: 1422: 1411: 1405: 1394: 1388: 1379: 1373: 1360: 1354: 1340: 1334: 1321: 1315: 1295: 1289: 1288: 1271: 1265: 1264: 1262: 1260: 1245: 1239: 1221: 1215: 1214: 1197: 1191: 1190: 1174: 1164: 1158: 1157: 1145: 1136: 1135: 1123: 1112: 1111: 1099: 1093: 1092: 1090: 1089: 1083: 1072: 1064: 1058: 1049:The Inside Story 1045: 1039: 1038: 1036: 1034: 1019: 1013: 996: 990: 985: 979: 976: 970: 967: 961: 960: 958: 957: 952:. Dictionary.com 946: 940: 939: 937: 935: 930:. Dictionary.com 924: 770:menstrual fluids 421:Continuous coils 120:Photo on a 1940 3027: 3026: 3022: 3021: 3020: 3018: 3017: 3016: 2992: 2991: 2990: 2985: 2957: 2926: 2856: 2847:Sleeved blanket 2810:Patchwork quilt 2761: 2733: 2675: 2634: 2608: 2602: 2548:Lit à la Turque 2519:Four-poster bed 2465: 2456: 2451: 2421: 2416: 2222: 2216: 2170: 2165: 2164: 2155: 2153: 2144: 2143: 2139: 2130: 2128: 2121: 2117: 2108: 2106: 2099: 2095: 2086: 2084: 2076: 2075: 2071: 2062: 2060: 2052: 2051: 2047: 2038: 2036: 2026: 2022: 2013: 2011: 1993: 1989: 1980: 1978: 1968: 1964: 1955: 1953: 1952:. February 2016 1944: 1943: 1939: 1930: 1928: 1910: 1903: 1894: 1892: 1874: 1870: 1861: 1857: 1834: 1830: 1815: 1811: 1774: 1770: 1725: 1721: 1676: 1672: 1660: 1656: 1643: 1642: 1633: 1587: 1583: 1543: 1539: 1530: 1526: 1514: 1510: 1502: 1498: 1466: 1459: 1450: 1448: 1433: 1426: 1413: 1412: 1408: 1395: 1391: 1380: 1376: 1361: 1357: 1351:Wayback Machine 1341: 1337: 1322: 1318: 1306:Wayback Machine 1296: 1292: 1273: 1272: 1268: 1258: 1256: 1246: 1242: 1232:Wayback Machine 1222: 1218: 1199: 1198: 1194: 1187: 1165: 1161: 1146: 1139: 1124: 1115: 1100: 1096: 1087: 1085: 1081: 1070: 1066: 1065: 1061: 1046: 1042: 1032: 1030: 1020: 1016: 1007:Wayback Machine 997: 993: 986: 982: 977: 973: 968: 964: 955: 953: 948: 947: 943: 933: 931: 926: 925: 921: 916: 871: 860: 825:Adjustable beds 791: 783: 724: 684: 663: 646: 591: 574: 526: 510: 486:zero-deflection 462: 442: 373: 367: 359: 339: 334: 299:mattress topper 295: 293:mattress topper 281: 279:Mattress topper 268: 262: 237: 114: 104: 98:in South Asia. 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3025: 3015: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2987: 2986: 2984: 2983: 2973: 2962: 2959: 2958: 2956: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2934: 2932: 2928: 2927: 2925: 2924: 2919: 2917:Speaker pillow 2914: 2909: 2904: 2899: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2866: 2864: 2858: 2857: 2855: 2854: 2849: 2844: 2839: 2837:Silk comforter 2834: 2829: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2771: 2769: 2763: 2762: 2760: 2759: 2754: 2749: 2743: 2741: 2735: 2734: 2732: 2731: 2726: 2721: 2716: 2711: 2706: 2701: 2696: 2691: 2685: 2683: 2677: 2676: 2674: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2648: 2642: 2640: 2639:Bed components 2636: 2635: 2633: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2617: 2611: 2609: 2604: 2603: 2601: 2600: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2575: 2568: 2563: 2556: 2551: 2544: 2536: 2531: 2526: 2521: 2516: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2486: 2481: 2473: 2471: 2458: 2457: 2450: 2449: 2442: 2435: 2427: 2418: 2417: 2415: 2414: 2409: 2404: 2403: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2382: 2381: 2380: 2375: 2365: 2360: 2359: 2358: 2353: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2328: 2327: 2326: 2321: 2316: 2311: 2305:Serta Simmons 2303: 2298: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2227: 2224: 2223: 2215: 2214: 2207: 2200: 2192: 2186: 2185: 2169: 2168:External links 2166: 2163: 2162: 2137: 2115: 2093: 2069: 2045: 2020: 1987: 1962: 1937: 1901: 1868: 1855: 1828: 1809: 1768: 1719: 1670: 1654: 1631: 1602:(7): 478–491. 1581: 1537: 1531:Bain, Duncan. 1524: 1518:Bethesda, MD: 1508: 1496: 1477:(4): 257–267. 1457: 1424: 1406: 1389: 1374: 1355: 1335: 1316: 1290: 1266: 1240: 1223:James, Gary. " 1216: 1192: 1185: 1159: 1137: 1113: 1094: 1059: 1040: 1014: 991: 980: 971: 962: 941: 918: 917: 915: 912: 911: 910: 904: 899: 896:Matratzenlager 893: 887: 882: 877: 870: 867: 859: 856: 831:In the 2010s, 808:Select Comfort 790: 787: 782: 779: 755:vacuum cleaner 723: 720: 683: 680: 676:neutral spinal 662: 659: 645: 642: 641: 640: 636: 631: 619:Select Comfort 605: 590: 587: 586: 585: 578: 575: 562: 559: 541: 534:platform bases 525: 522: 509: 506: 494: 493: 489: 474: 461: 458: 441: 438: 437: 436: 433:pocket springs 428:Marshall coils 424: 418: 411: 396:mattress coils 379:, or "coils". 369:Main article: 366: 363: 358: 355: 338: 335: 333: 330: 291:Main article: 280: 277: 264:Main article: 261: 258: 236: 233: 221:Marshall coils 163:Middle English 103: 100: 84:natural fibers 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3024: 3013: 3010: 3008: 3005: 3003: 3000: 2999: 2997: 2982: 2974: 2972: 2964: 2963: 2960: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2946: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2935: 2933: 2931:Related items 2929: 2923: 2920: 2918: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2903: 2900: 2898: 2897: 2893: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2871: 2868: 2867: 2865: 2863: 2859: 2853: 2850: 2848: 2845: 2843: 2840: 2838: 2835: 2833: 2830: 2828: 2827: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2815:Photo blanket 2813: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2764: 2758: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2736: 2730: 2727: 2725: 2722: 2720: 2717: 2715: 2712: 2710: 2707: 2705: 2702: 2700: 2699:Tick mattress 2697: 2695: 2694:Cambodian mat 2692: 2690: 2687: 2686: 2684: 2682: 2678: 2672: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2662: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2643: 2641: 2637: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2613: 2612: 2610: 2605: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2591: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2573: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2561: 2557: 2555: 2552: 2550: 2549: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2537: 2535: 2532: 2530: 2527: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2517: 2515: 2512: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2500: 2497: 2495: 2492: 2490: 2487: 2485: 2482: 2480: 2479: 2475: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2464: 2459: 2455: 2448: 2443: 2441: 2436: 2434: 2429: 2428: 2425: 2413: 2410: 2408: 2405: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2387: 2386: 2383: 2379: 2376: 2374: 2371: 2370: 2369: 2366: 2364: 2361: 2357: 2354: 2352: 2349: 2348: 2347: 2344: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2306: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2297: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2249: 2247: 2244: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2228: 2225: 2221:manufacturers 2220: 2213: 2208: 2206: 2201: 2199: 2194: 2193: 2190: 2184:at Wiktionary 2183: 2182: 2176: 2172: 2171: 2151: 2147: 2141: 2126: 2119: 2104: 2097: 2083: 2079: 2073: 2059: 2055: 2049: 2035: 2031: 2024: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1991: 1977: 1976:Bloomberg.com 1973: 1966: 1951: 1947: 1941: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1908: 1906: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1872: 1865: 1859: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1832: 1824: 1820: 1813: 1805: 1801: 1796: 1791: 1788:(2): 247–54. 1787: 1783: 1779: 1772: 1764: 1760: 1755: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1733:J Chiropr Med 1730: 1723: 1715: 1711: 1706: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1684:J Chiropr Med 1681: 1674: 1667: 1663: 1658: 1651:. April 2008. 1650: 1646: 1640: 1638: 1636: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1610: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1585: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1541: 1534: 1528: 1521: 1517: 1512: 1505: 1500: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1464: 1462: 1447:on 2016-03-01 1446: 1442: 1438: 1431: 1429: 1420: 1416: 1410: 1403: 1399: 1393: 1386: 1385: 1378: 1371: 1370: 1365: 1359: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1339: 1332: 1331: 1326: 1320: 1313: 1312: 1307: 1303: 1300: 1294: 1286: 1282: 1281: 1276: 1270: 1255: 1251: 1244: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1226: 1220: 1212: 1208: 1207: 1202: 1196: 1188: 1182: 1178: 1173: 1172: 1163: 1155: 1151: 1144: 1142: 1133: 1129: 1122: 1120: 1118: 1109: 1105: 1098: 1084:on 2019-01-01 1080: 1076: 1069: 1063: 1056: 1055: 1050: 1044: 1029: 1025: 1018: 1011: 1008: 1004: 1000: 995: 989: 984: 975: 966: 951: 945: 929: 923: 919: 909:– for camping 908: 905: 903: 900: 897: 894: 891: 888: 886: 883: 881: 878: 876: 873: 872: 866: 864: 855: 852: 850: 845: 842: 838: 834: 829: 826: 822: 820: 816: 811: 809: 804: 800: 796: 786: 778: 776: 771: 767: 763: 758: 756: 752: 748: 747:bunkie boards 742: 738: 734: 732: 728: 719: 717: 713: 708: 706: 702: 696: 693: 688: 679: 677: 673: 668: 658: 654: 652: 637: 635: 632: 628: 624: 620: 615: 611: 606: 604: 601: 600: 599: 596: 583: 579: 576: 573: 566: 563: 560: 557: 553: 548: 547: 542: 539: 538: 537: 535: 531: 524:Foam mattress 521: 517: 514: 505: 502: 498: 490: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 470: 469: 467: 457: 453: 449: 446: 434: 430: 429: 425: 422: 419: 415: 412: 408: 404: 403:Bonnell coils 401: 400: 399: 397: 392: 388: 385: 380: 378: 372: 371:Mattress coil 362: 354: 352: 348: 344: 343:tick mattress 337:Tick mattress 329: 327: 323: 318: 316: 312: 308: 304: 300: 294: 285: 276: 273: 267: 257: 254: 252: 251: 246: 242: 232: 230: 224: 222: 218: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 186: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 144: 140: 136: 135: 129: 123: 118: 113: 109: 99: 97: 93: 89: 86:, such as in 85: 80: 76: 72: 68: 64: 59: 57: 53: 49: 45: 41: 37: 28: 22: 2953:Blanket fort 2922:Throw pillow 2894: 2842:Sleeping bag 2824: 2752:Bunkie board 2709:Mattress pad 2689:Air mattress 2680: 2620:Cradle (bed) 2578:Platform bed 2570: 2558: 2546: 2539: 2534:Hospital bed 2476: 2407:Therm-a-Rest 2400:Tempur-Pedic 2363:Sleep Number 2341:Sit 'n Sleep 2236:Casper Sleep 2218: 2180: 2154:. 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