Maurice Duplessis - Knowledge

5069: 4774:, who defended Duplessis's policies throughout his life, including by writing propaganda pieces on the Union Nationale's behalf, penned a biography of Duplessis published in 1973. Conrad Black's biography, published in 1977, just like Rumilly's, received substantial criticism from the historians of the time. However, with time, the 1977 biography became more and more accepted. Today, the books are either considered reliable even if they are biased and have some methodological issues, or, alternatively, flawed but usable, particularly given that no historian wrote a similar biography after them. In short, Rumilly praised his devotion to the Catholic Church and defended his fight against "subversive" organizations, such as trade unions. Black, on the other hand, believed that Duplessis was an able politician who managed to modernize the province even while defending traditional values; the latter then further clarified that in his view, the Québécois owe their prosperity to Duplessis as he used the money saved from underpaying teachers and nurses to make infrastructural investments. 3316: 3507:

maiden speech on January 19, the Legislative Assembly freshman decried the overemphasis on industrial development, as opposed to rural and small-business interests and called to stop increasing taxes and to respect the religious nature of Sundays. He also proposed to make an inventory of the forest industry (it was suspected at the time that the resources were being overexploited) and to reorganize the provincial police. The first speech left Premier Taschereau impressed, who allegedly remarked that "this young man go far". Duplessis's rhetorical skills and the knowledge of the law on the books made him a rising star in the opposition. When Arthur Sauvé left the leadership of the Conservatives, it was suggested that Duplessis could take the steers of the battered party, but Duplessis refused as he was not ready yet.

3820: 3358: 3620: 3784:, starting a tour across the province more than a year before the voters were to go to the ballots. To a large extent, Duplessis's arguments during the campaign mirrored those of the ALN even if Duplessis tried to assure that the Conservatives were less extreme and that "honest" capital would remain untouched in the province. Still, Duplessis remained distrustful of the ALN members, seeing them as unreliable men who would join the Liberals after the election and ruin his dream of heading the government himself. For that reason, he resisted all efforts to sign a coalition agreement with them, but was forced to yield on November 7, 1935. Several factors played a role. In October, the Liberals had an impressive showing in 5145: 4277: 5117: 4232:. Quebec refused state intervention in resource extraction itself and thus relied heavily on out-of-province (English Canadian or American) capital to develop its rich natural resources. Duplessis attracted the money by using a combination of low taxes, low regulation and pro-employer labour policies. Trade unions in particular were a target of Duplessis's interventions. Duplessis had a consistent position of disincentivizing collective bargaining by passing unfavourable regulations for organized labour, which at the time was unique in Canada. When strike action did occur, the police were immediately deployed to break it (as was the case in 5129: 4140: 3340: 5081: 1069: 3976: 1256: 1129: 3555: 3575: 5093: 5105: 4825:

Quiet Revolution and Duplessis is not present in every aspect of Quebec's life, is generally exaggerated or even artificially created, or else that it should be better thought of as a transitionary period. Some authors go as far as rejecting the label altogether as a "gross caricature", framing this period as that of the "Great Catch-Up", in comparison to the "Quiet Decline" that followed the death of "Le Chef", or even, as in the case with Éric Bedard, merging the periods of Duplessis and that of the Quiet Revolution into a single "Quiet Reconquest".

3384: 3448:, Duplessis developed a large client base among the ordinary people, who were attracted due to his arguments in court that often proved persuasive. He was quickly recognized as a sociable and competent lawyer who approached his cases carefully, and thus became a popular figure in the town. The young lawyer engaged in various activities of his area, notably directing of a local baseball team, and became a fixture in high-end taverns of his town. His professional success, briefly interrupted by the death of his mother in 1921, let him buy a personal 1389: 1081: 4257: 3598: 4804:(as he and like-minded scholars proposed in the 1960s) was unreasonably harsh and his policies on the economy, such as the development of Northern Quebec, were reasonable or at least justifiable. He also argued that the blame for the regime's regressiveness should be also laid on the Catholic Church and on society, which wanted order and security and thus tolerated oppression. Dion also tends to agree on the validity of Duplessis's defence of provincial autonomy, in line with other historians, such as Yves Vaillancourt and Xavier Gélinas. 1106: 4243:. The budget was balanced and provincial debt was decreasing. Even though the size of the budget increased substantially, "Le Chef" derided most attempts at welfare state in Quebec as "Anglo-Saxon and Protestant socialism"; instead, he called for charity to fill in the gaps. Ironically, by the end of Duplessis's rule, it was the federal government which footed most of the welfare bill in Quebec. The main investments of the era were the construction of hospitals and schools across the province, the increase of electricity supply via 3543: 3722: 5411:

sea! Ladies and gentlemen, it was not always a gentle expanse of limpid water in which the luminous rays of a resplendent sun were brightly reflected; these were not always undulating waves of symmetrical aspect on which a fragile and primitive vessel was maintained in buoyant tranquility. One required audacity to launch himself in a light caravelle on this pelagic immensity. In light of all his glorious acts, tell me that Louis Hebert wasn't a great Christian, tell me that he wasn't a devoted and impassioned lover of the

3116: 688: 4426:" (from now on) and seen as a break from his predecessor. That said, despite the several reforms that have been implemented in the short "100 days", as the period is also known, Sauvé stressed his loyalty to the legacy of Duplessis and portrayed his rule as the continuation of what Duplessis was doing. Antonio Barrette, who succeeded Sauvé after the latter's death in January 1960, also continued the same policies. However, the frequent changes of power threw the Union Nationale into disarray just before the planned 3893:, were also initiated. It was during this term that the legislation first recognized the right to a minimum salary for everyone (the "fair wage" standard, as it was known back then, previously applied to women only), but this law saw several problems in its implementation due to lack of uniformity and reluctance of trade unions to embrace it. In line with the Church's teaching, Duplessis launched a program of assistance to needy mothers (but not unwed, divorced or separated women), as well as to the blind and the 2124: 3645:

idea because of his thin margin. The plan was frustrated by the government because a change in electoral law made the recounts too expensive. The Conservatives increasingly grew fed up with Houde's performance, and since he was no longer an MLA, lost his Montreal mayorship election in April 1932 and had trouble maintaining his newspaper, he had little real power in the caucus. Therefore, when in an effort to appease the Anglophone community, Houde unexpectedly designated an ageing

3128: 4637: 4624: 4367: 4352: 12837: 4606: 4587: 4570: 4334: 1516: 12823: 4905:(ADQ), to Duplessis. Among the suggested similarities were the party's program mirroring that of the Union Nationale, ADQ's emphasis on provincial autonomy and the (rather successful) usage of populist rhetoric at times when the electorate was tired of the prior state of politics. Dumont himself said he was flattered by the comparison, though he also suggested that he preferred Jean Lesage references. More recently, the current premier of Quebec, 12849: 47: 3935:, the right to prosecute those arranging for, distributing or promoting communist materials and propaganda and lock down their properties. Due to the law's vagueness, it often was arbitrarily used against anyone considered an enemy of the administration, such as trade unions. Another law granted Duplessis's government the right to unilaterally amend any contract between the trade union and the employer, and yet another regulation banned 4153: 4008:. Duplessis had previously considered the issue several times, but, unlike some of his colleagues, largely avoided discussing it and generally either abstained on the legislation or opposed it by voting "nay" or by trying to block the bill in committee. The 1940 vote was no different. Duplessis and most of his caucus voted "nay" as the leader of the Union Nationale aired concerns about an increase in government expenditures and 2064: 5171: 1669: 5289:) of the Bar of Quebec and President of the Bar of Trois-Rivières for the 1937–1938 term, which, in addition to conferring prestige to the Premier, gave him some influence over the internal order of the bar. Several universities granted him honorary degrees, including Université Laval (three times: apart from a law degree in 1937 and forestry sciences in 1955, a general honorary doctorate was granted in 1952), 4186:

statutory authorization or simply at his will. Media outlets suspected of sympathizing with the communists would be closed down and the property confiscated by virtue of the Padlock Act. As for newspapers, they would be ordered not to report on the Union Nationale's wrongdoings for fear of retribution from Duplessis. In order to appeal to the Catholic majority, Duplessis also engaged in a fight against

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opponents. Leslie Roberts' book outright called Duplessis a "Latin-American dictator" who would cater to the simplistic desires of French Canadians but failed to lift them from the state of inferiority with respect to the Anglophones. The Quiet Revolution was viewed as an enlightened response to the politics embodied by Duplessis, to the degree that the Duplessis era is associated with the label

4451:. Conrad Black suggests that during World War I Duplessis courted Augustine Delisle, a daughter of a prosperous coal trader, but his family disapproved of a connection that would unite them with a family of merchants. This upset him and it was probably then that he decided never to marry anyone. Duplessis still remained close to his sisters as well as their husbands. He also became a 3499:'s contempt towards provincial autonomy and municipal rights as well as of the mismanagement of the judiciary. Despite a rather close race, Maurice lost to the incumbent, 1,328 to 1,612 votes. Duplessis at the time did not expect to win the riding anyway, but hoped that his good initial showing would make him a viable candidate as the opposition leader in the region. 4858:. Instead, he argues that Duplessis was not truly populist but simply made good use of populist rhetoric. Jean-Philippe Warren wrote that his style of governance could be compared to a type of regime called "authoritarian democracy". However, Gilles Bourque opined that the comparison is inaccurate as the rule of Duplessis bears little similarity to the regime of 3619: 5001:, also of the Union Nationale, became premier in 1968, even the party's supporters relegated Duplessis to the subconscious. "Le Chef" came again under the spotlight in the 1970s, with numerous books about his rule for academic and general public circulation alike (including the two biographies by Rumilly and Black). A very successful play called 4689:). It posited that foreign capital allowed Duplessis to stay in power so that he could officially allow to ruthlessly exploit the province of Quebec. The role of Duplessis was along the lines of the "Negro Kings", the local chieftains whom the British allowed some control over their area but who had to recognize the supremacy of their overlords. 4125:, the Union Nationale received just over 38% of votes – the smallest share of votes in any election during his leadership – and finished behind the Liberals in the popular vote count. Still, Duplessis was able to form the government as vote splitting between the Bloc populaire and Godbout's party let the Union Nationale win 48 out of 91 seats. 3854:

organizational level, the Conservatives succeeded in capturing the Union Nationale brand for them. Moreover, the corruption inquiry severely weakened the governing party, which gave Duplessis a chance to single-handedly win the premiership. Therefore, on June 17, Duplessis announced his refusal to renew the coalition agreement even though the

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of a nascent colony. In our days, unhappily, the imitators of Louis Hébert, the lawyers, notaries, apothecaries, who transform themselves into cultivators, have become very rare, and the countryside witnesses the departure from their homesteads of legions of young men strong and vigorous, who leave to encumber the offices of great cities."

4990:, who had already sculpted a bust of Duplessis, made the monument ready, but the government of Jean Lesage ordered to hide it. When journalists inquired about the statue, the government asserted that this was an effort to avoid political tensions. Therefore, the first statue of Le Chef was unveiled in 1964 in Trois-Rivières by the 4539:

policies with those of Duplessis for fear of being ridiculed as the rule of Duplessis generally has negative connotations in Quebec society. Opinions about him are so strong that being compared to Duplessis may be considered an insult. This was already the case shortly after the Union Nationale's downfall in 1960, when

4483:. Later in his life, Duplessis developed a taste for paintings and started collecting them. At his death, his sister Jeanne-L. Balcer-Duplessis inherited the works of art, which she donated to the provincial government in exchange for the cancellation of the inheritance tax. Most of the paintings, including those by 3429:, on Hart Street, behind his parents' house. Langlois was an old friend of his from the Séminaire who became husband of Duplessis's sister, Gabrielle. Together with another lawyer from Trois-Rivières, Léon Lamothe, they formed a partnership which lasted well into the 1930s. Duplessis did not serve in the 3495:. Maurice counted on the solidarity of his fellow lawyers, the good reputation among his clients as well as his father's acquaintances' support (notably Louis-Olivier Taillon). Some of them made speeches in Duplessis's favour. His campaign focused on the criticism of what Duplessis alleged was Premier 5410:

Here is an example of Duplessis's speech praising the Catholic heritage of French Canada: "How beautiful and meritorious was the act that had as its objective the establishment of Catholicism on unexplored shores in the bosom of barbarous nations plunged in the tenebrous thickets of idolatry! Ah! The

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and were often reelected on this basis. Several other factors specific to Quebec also helped in the longevity of his rule. The first was his personal charisma, which was so strong that the figure of Duplessis mattered much more than the party he represented. Another reason was his media-savvy team of

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trick. He further disagreed with the details of its implementation – in his opinion, the takeover should have been made by Montreal rather than the provincial government. He also did not want to allocate taxpayer money to the nationalization and believed that negotiating prices between the government

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Duplessis first rose to the highest office in the province in a difficult time, as the Great Depression ravaged through the province, leaving hundreds of thousands of people unemployed. Increased expenditures on social programs and lack of growth in the 1930s caused a severe budgetary crisis, as debt

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Duplessis immediately embarked on fulfilling some of the electoral promises. Among the programs that are credited with the longevity of the Union Nationale is the creation of the Farm Credit Bureau, which sent low-interest loans to rural areas and which proved popular with what would be the electoral

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had already been issued. Despite Gouin trying to campaign independently of Duplessis, 35 out of 42 Union Nationale coalition MLAs at a caucus meeting in Sherbrooke backed Duplessis's takeover of the coalition, and most of ALN's members joined the newly created Union Nationale party. Eventually, Gouin

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Later events seemed to confirm Duplessis's intuition. In the 1931 election, the Conservatives were again resoundingly defeated, winning only 11 seats out of 90 despite the fact that the Conservatives got a markedly larger share of votes provincially. Houde lost his own riding; Duplessis got reelected

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When finishing school, Maurice Duplessis was thinking of either further engaging in public life or becoming a priest in the Catholic Church. Even though the clerical career was typical of the young people like Duplessis and it would give him influence, Maurice ultimately rejected the priesthood as he

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in the 1960s. This was also the initial general opinion of historians and intellectuals, but since the 1990s, academics have revisited Duplessism and concluded instead that this assessment required nuancing and placement in the contemporary perspective and, in some cases, advocated outright rejection

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flag." Duplessis further praised Hébert and his advocacy of the rural way of life: "Louis Hébert understood that with the honest and good fortune of health of soul and of body, life in the fields brings real happiness. This intelligent man had understood that agriculture is the most solid foundation

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and has rather critical references to the era. In the words of Pierre Berthelot, a simple mention of his name was enough to create his invisible yet oppressive presence that made characters stuck in their hardships and which treated them to government agents' abuses. Quebec did not become interested

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was named that way in 1967. The government was also interested in building a monument, but it did not go according to plan. In December 1959, Paul Sauvé passed a law in the Quebec Legislature that envisaged building a monument to Maurice Duplessis and placing it somewhere in the city of Quebec. This

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was a myth invented by those who embraced or spearheaded the Quiet Revolution in the 1960s. Alexandre Dumas writes that the notion of the Quiet Revolution can only live with the "anti-hero" Duplessis and the association with the Great Darkness. Michel Sarra-Bournet and Gérard Bouchard suggested that

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and development in rural areas (particularly through the Rural Electrification Office). Despite these investments, rural areas remained much poorer and less developed than urban areas, so Duplessis oversaw an exodus of rural population towards Montreal. Additionally, the situation of majority French

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in World War I). However, his gamble failed as the Liberals, whom he accused of wanting to send French Canadians to the frontline, declared their opposition to the plan. As the Union Nationale was also seen as unable to implement a coherent set of policies and it disappointed voters with the lack of

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system also contributed to the overwhelming support for a coalition among party members and donors. Under the agreement, the Conservatives ran on the ALN's platform, joined a coalition called the Union Nationale and ceded two-thirds of ridings to the breakaway Liberals. The coalition narrowly failed

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economic policies that proved inadequate for the crisis. Conrad Black additionally attributed the party's woes to its inflexibility and population's weariness of the government that had been in power for too long (by the 1935 election, Taschereau had been ruling the province for 15 years). Duplessis

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The 1931 election saw the Conservatives' internal strife, already present in Sauvé years, intensify. The party members could not even agree to a common strategy of dealing with the results of the election. Houde wanted to challenge 63 electoral results in the province, but Duplessis was against this

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The next wave of change came with the researchers of the 1980s and the 1990s, who challenged the then dominant idea of Duplessism as something awful and to be avoided, which was how historians who personally witnessed the Quiet Revolution often viewed it. The movement did not want to revise history

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Duplessis suffered from numerous health problems throughout his life. He underwent two surgeries for a strangulated hernia in 1930 and 1942, which each ended in several-month-long stays in the hospital due to complications or other diseases slowing down his recovery. Duplessis was also hospitalized

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when necessary, he emphasized the importance of the preservation of what he believed were French Canadian values: the Catholic faith, the local traditions and the French language. In order to preserve them, he argued, Quebec had to defend its provincial autonomy from the encroachment of the federal

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as possible contenders, but Duplessis successfully quashed the effort. Another challenge to his leadership came in 1942, when Duplessis was criticised for his alcoholic tendencies, as he would sometimes participate in parliamentary debates while completely drunk. That challenge was rebuffed as well

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shared many characteristics with Duplessis's rule, such as resistance to the welfare state, anti-communism, corruption scandals and the focus on rural development. A similar opinion was expressed by Jocelyn Létourneau. Yet other historians emphasize in their opinions that the "rupture" between the

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Duplessis is recognized as one of the most colourful, if controversial, people in Canadian politics. His figure already polarized the political landscape of Quebec during his life, and it continued to do so well after his death. Even today, few politicians dare to emphasize the continuity of their

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Duplessis's rule was socially conservative. The regime generally enjoyed strong support from the high echelons of the Catholic Church, though lower-tier priests did not necessarily endorse him. The Church played an outsized influence in the lives of Quebeckers since it provided most healthcare and

3515:, was nominated instead, but he often had to leave the parliament sessions because of his other demanding job. Therefore, Duplessis, whom the Conservative caucus already saw as a safe alternative to Houde should the leader's policies fail, was able to informally lead the caucus in Houde's absence. 4462:

In his later life, his relationships with other women were quite idiosyncratic. He believed that he had to behave in a strictly aristocratic and gentlemanly manner towards them but his convictions did not prevent him from making risqué comments about women in their presence. In general, Duplessis

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The political situation during that year changed dramatically. Even though Duplessis entered the election as a junior coalition partner, his charisma, rhetorical skills and grilling of the Liberal officials has earned him support from most of ALN deputies, which could not be said of Gouin. On the

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Arthur Sauvé, in his resignation speech, asked his successor "to reestablish order in our ravaged ranks". Even though the new leader liked Duplessis, the future premier did not trust Houde's organizational capabilities, finding him "a verbose, blustering impetuous man". He also said to his party

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At the time when Duplessis was elected, the Legislative Assembly was only in session for two months in a year, which allowed Duplessis to spend more time in his electoral district. Duplessis became immediately active on the parliament floor once the parliament convened on January 10, 1928. In his

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Four years later, Duplessis attempted a second run to the Legislative Assembly, campaigning among working- and middle-class families by paying personal visits to them. His resolve to get to the provincial parliament increased even further after his father died in 1926. At election time, Duplessis

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Maurice Duplessis was in many ways fundamentally conservative; he mistrusted the flamboyant and doubted the improbable. Family counted with him. So did a man's sense of process. Camillien Houde he considered an unmethodical multiple-bankrupt without background of family or profession, untried at

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The Union Nationale was founded as a coalition in 1935, in which the Conservative Party was a junior coalition partner. However, it was agreed that Duplessis would have become Premier if the UN had won the 1935 election. (Sarra-Bournet, 2003) The following year, the UN formally became a unitary

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By the end of 1958, in the middle of his fourth term, Duplessis's health started to deteriorate significantly and he struggled to keep on with the prior habits of his premiership. Doctors warned him that he was overstretching himself and needed some rest, but "Le Chef" went on with his duties.

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rulemaker in parliament. "Le Chef" enforced party discipline very strictly and, with very few exceptions, decision autonomy in the cabinet or in the Legislative Assembly was nonexistent. Duplessis, in his capacity as Attorney General, enforced censorship of creations deemed immoral, whether by

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Criticism of "Le Chef" intensified following his death. Shortly before the 1960 elections, Pierre Laporte published the first biography after Duplessis's death, which portrayed him as an intelligent but ruthless politician who would stay in power through corruption and repression of political

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Maurice Duplessis continued his offensive in spring 1936, when he succeeded in having the parliamentary public accounts committee start an inquiry into the management of public funds by the Taschereau government. Numerous irregularities were uncovered as various Liberal government officials

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urged the province to reject its heritage and undergo a revolution. The new generation of adults which emerged in the 1980s, who did not have appreciable contact with either Duplessis or the events of the 1960s, associated Duplessis with negative phenomena much more than the positive ones.

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in the English edition). It emphasized that Quebec, in fact, was developing in line with the rest of North America and the West in general; issues specific to Quebec, like the dominant influence of Catholic Church, were not as important as previously assumed or reported. In 1994, Bourque

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announced his "temporary" retirement from politics, which confirmed Duplessis's leadership. When the voters came to the polls, they delivered a landslide victory for the Union Nationale, handing it 76 out of 90 seats and ending the Liberal rule over Quebec that lasted for 39 years.

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Interpretations behind the label and even the dates of the beginning of this "shameful" period vary, but generally revolve around the criticism of defending a regressive model of society, blocking progress and leaving patronage and corruption entrenched. In defending the label,

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Another landmark policy of the Liberals, the introduction of compulsory schooling from age six to fourteen in 1943, was prompted by a report noting high dropout rates after four years of formal schooling. As with the women's suffrage, the Union Nationale opposed the bill (only

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Canadians still remained worse than that of the Anglophone minority. The reason was that the Anglophones dominated the business world of Montreal, the financial centre of Canada at the time, took most of the top jobs available and had substantial autonomy within the province.

3700:. The leader of the opposition also decried the government's policy of prioritizing big business interests instead of developing rural areas. Some of the Liberal MLAs eventually became disillusioned with Taschereau and created a new party, the Action libérale nationale (ALN). 3239:

Society. Maurice would, as Conrad Black wrote, "enjoy, almost wallow in, extravagant but thin treatises on the founders of French Canada", where he would show his attachment to and admiration of his roots, the rural lifestyle and the Catholic faith. He was especially fond of

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Public reconciliation of Camillien Houde (left) and Maurice Duplessis (centre) during a political assembly at Montreal's Saint-Jacques market in July 1948. Houde had previously come to good terms with Duplessis in 1944, when the long-time mayor of Montreal was arrested for

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Duplessis based his campaign on portraying the religious minorities, the federal government and the trade unions as threatening the province's interests, autonomy, traditions and identity. He also attacked Godbout's reforms as threatening the Church and the Catholic faith

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flipped the seat for the first time in 27 years, winning 2,622 to Mercier's 2,496 votes. This happened even as the Conservatives only captured 9 out of 85 seats. In his victory speech, Duplessis reportedly declared that " stands before you a future Premier of Quebec".

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Despite a populist image "Le Chef" created in public and rumours that persisted even after his death, his hobbies included opera and literature. He enjoyed historical or political books the most, but he also read classical French or English-language authors, such as

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Duplessis was a lifelong bachelor and had no children. In fact, "Le Chef" would tell people that he had no family and that his only responsibility was the welfare of his province, to which he said he belonged. For most of his political life, Duplessis lived alone in

4418:, all of the provincial cabinet and the Lieutenant Governor of Quebec, three fellow premiers, nine bishops and archbishops and other high officials. Another 50,000 people paid respects to Duplessis in his hometown, after which he was buried alongside his parents. 3665:. During the convention, Duplessis gained most support from young members advocating for provincial autonomy; federal and Anglophone Conservatives as well as supporters for Houde tended to vote for his opponent. The choice was well-received by the high clergy and 3874:

base of his party. However, Duplessis emphatically refused to nationalize the producers of electricity and largely continued the economical policies of his predecessor. This provoked an exodus of former ALN members but it did not threaten Duplessis's majority.

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for a shorter period in 1929 for injuries he had sustained in a car accident. Duplessis had also been a heavy drinker, but on the advice of his doctor, pressure from his party and Adélard Godbout's suggestion that this "weakness was going to ruin ", became a

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Even though the majority of the Union Nationale seemed tenuous to his Liberal opponents, it eventually led to 15 years of uninterrupted rule over the province. This was common in post-war Canada as the incumbent governments were able to take credit for the

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everything except tubthumping; an extraordinary personality and an original character, but impulsive, self-indulgent, and superficial. He did not think that this endomorphic gadfly would prove a match for the crafty, magisterial, and thorough M. Taschereau.

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as in rewriting the facts about that period, but rather changing the perspectives on it, giving different interpretations and assigning different weights to the events. This started with the publication of the synthesis of the history of Quebec by Linteau

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The ideology of Duplessis and the Union Nationale between 1936 and 1959 was subject to numerous studies, and several comparisons have been proposed. A 1984 paper by George Steven Swan found many similarities between the policies of Duplessis and those of

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Despite a promising start to his legal career, Duplessis did not lose sight from his political ambitions. He made his first attempt to get to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec in 1923 as a Conservative, seeking to oust the incumbent Liberal MLA,

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On the evening of September 10, 1959, the caucus of the Union Nationale proposed to the Lieutenant Governor that Paul Sauvé be sworn in as premier, which he was on the morning of the following day. The time of his rule is widely known as that of

3523:, who would briefly serve as Premier in 1960: "You're going to see Houde get to the top of the mountain and then be over the hill". Conrad Black characterized his relationship with Houde, together with his political views, in the following way: 4113:

refugees in Quebec in exchange for campaign contributions. While Max Beer argues that this story did not influence the election result very much, the public and the press was enthusiastic about a leader who would not let any refugees arrive in

3846:. The fact that the newspapers reported on all the smallest details of the inquiry made the committee job a political goldmine for Duplessis. Taschereau resigned amid the corruption scandals on June 11, 1936, and handed over the premiership to 922:

relationship with the business spheres often morphed into outright corruption. "Le Chef"'s authoritarian inclinations, his all-powerful electoral machine, staunch conservatism, a cozy relationship with the Catholic Church, the mistreatment of

5518:. In addition to that, this organization holds the private collections and archives of Duplessis, but access to them is restricted. As of 2018, they are stored in the building of the Séminaire de Trois-Rivières, where Duplessis was a student. 3805:

to displace the Liberals from power, gaining 42 out of 90 seats (of which 16 were Conservative), but it managed to severely reduce the governing majority. Duplessis got safely reelected with a margin of 14 percentage points (1,202 votes).

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too much for me." He was not interested in becoming a businessman, either, because at that time English Canadians had much better conditions for pursuing that path. Thus, in autumn of 1910, he enrolled in the faculty of law at the

992:, was a kind but busy man and spent little time with the family, which was typical at the time. Two of Nérée's sisters married politicians who would also sit in the Legislative Assembly. Maurice's mother was Berthe Genest, who had 9759: 4312:, which paralyzed his right leg and arm and sent him into a barely conscious state; three more strokes occurred by September 4. After balancing on the verge of life for two more days, Duplessis died on September 7 at 12:01 AM 3597: 3878:

nearly doubled within his three years in office. The federal government started intervening in the province's finances to stabilize them, but Duplessis resisted these attempts as he thought they violated the principle of the

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of companies and to the general chaos in the province's industry and resource exploitation. Duplessis further alleged unjust treatment of municipalities, lack of respect for traditions and unnecessary confrontations with the

5104: 5312:, which provoked a minor diplomatic incident as the government of Canada had advised foreign emissaries not to give any such distinctions to its citizens. Other awards that "Le Chef" received include a golden star of the 4393:

in the building of the Legislative Assembly. About 100,000 people arrived to pay homage for the late premier until September 10, when the body was transported to his hometown of Trois-Rivières. The funeral service in the

4796:, all while pushing back against the welfare state and staying within traditional values of Quebec. This interpretation was challenged by numerous historians, who variously argued that the regime was conservative if not 4850:, in particular as they related to authoritarian practices. Léon Dion, in some similarity to Leslie Roberts, argued that his rule could be compared to that of Latin American dictators, though occasional comparisons to 3983:

The defeat of the Union Nationale meant that Duplessis's leadership was in danger. Some of his fellow MLAs were mad at his starting the election in an unfortunate moment, and the party was at the brink of implosion.

3554: 3653:, as the new leader of the parliamentary caucus, the party overrode the decision. Thus, on November 7, Duplessis became leader of the opposition. This choice was formally confirmed during a party congress in 12205: 608: 6518: 5248:, which aimed to suppress protests, was a return to the times of Duplessis. Participants in the demonstrations also painted a graffiti saying, in rough translation: "Come back Duplessis, you've left your 5128: 3259:, and later in his adolescence, he was already engaging in political meetings and was speaking with the voters. The future premier was preparing for public life by working for a political organization of 4791:

published another book that argued that, contrary to common belief, the Duplessis government was actually liberal in its outlook as it embraced economic progress and modern capitalism and did not oppose

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described the period of Duplessis as that of "perverse control of sexuality, contempt for the industry, art, economy and rejection of the scientific thought" and said that in intellectual circles, the

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on a loan (to great dismay of his father). Duplessis suspended his law career in early 1934 amid mounting duties in the Legislative Assembly, though he would still be mentioned as a member of the bar.

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growth was fairly strong and was in a large degree as a result of a large stream of investment and general improvements in efficiency. The way Duplessis solicited the investments was consistent with

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organized by the university. Outside his field of studies and political engagement, he followed professional baseball standings and occasionally went to opera, but that was where his hobbies ended.

4308:

to see its mines. The flight to Sept-Îles and then the mining town was uneventful, but at about lunch time on September 3, while staying in the company's guesthouse, Duplessis suffered a bleeding

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on April 5, 1933. Duplessis, elected from the oldest continuous provincial riding in Quebec, is seated in the third position from the background in the first row, directly opposite Taschereau.

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that Duplessis did not tax enough on the provincial level and this enabled the federal government's invasion of provincial autonomy and deprived Quebeckers of the needed social services. In

1007:

At the end of the 19th century, the Duplessis family of Trois-Rivières was active in the political and religious life of the region, and the members of the family could often be found among

15758: 2648: 1068: 5221:. After that, the party maintained a nominal presence in provincial politics before being finally disbanded in 1989. The 1990s proved even worse for his memory as a documentary in 1997, 3533:

with a razor-thin margin of 41 votes (3,812 votes versus 3,771 for Liberal Louis-Philippe Bigué). Upon learning the results, Taschereau declared that "this outcome the end of Houdism".

3833:) was a question-and-answer booklet issued by the Union Nationale (in this case, the second edition in 1936) that presented the party's agenda while bashing the Liberals for corruption. 4174:

from business entities helped implement the lavish campaign styles that the managers proposed. Threats to withdraw funds if the riding did not support the Union Nationale's candidate,

4913:

party to the Union Nationale. In fact, in 2014, Legault underlined that his party bore resemblance to the Union Nationale, though he assured voters they would not be returning to the

11522: 10998: 5116: 4958:(now René-Lévesque) electoral district. The following year, Boulevard Champigny, a major thoroughfare in Quebec City, was renamed after Duplessis, and is now alternatively known as 10780: 5277: 4917:. When CAQ won a majority of seats, Legault participated in a heated parliamentary debate defending Duplessis's legacy. In this incident from 2021, the co-leader of the left-wing 4054: 3657:

on October 4–5, 1933, when Duplessis got 332 votes of the delegates (including from 7 out of 10 MLAs and all but one federal minister from Quebec) to 214 cast for a more moderate

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The biographical notice of Maurice Duplessis on the webpage of the National Assembly of Quebec gives the date of September 4. Conrad Black suggests it happened on September 14.

4090:. The party thus sought to compete for nationalist and anti-war votes with the Union Nationale, but at the same time advertising itself as a reform party to get Liberal votes. 4674: 4890:) and extensive malapportionment that they conclude was gratuitous. With respect to Duplessis's staunch anti-communism, his policies were also likened to those of US Senator 3411: 10091: 4963: 2048: 5264:

with suggestive imagery – a caricature appearance of "Le Chef" manipulating the assembled population with strings (as if they were puppets), with church towers behind him.

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state. They noted the heavy-handed approach both used for trade unions and communists, their strong anti-federalist rhetoric (even if Duplessis stopped short of advocating

4854:, in his opinion, were wrong. Frédéric Boily dismissed that reasoning as simplistic, because it implied that Duplessis was a populist along the lines of Perón and Brazil's 4997:

Government commemoration of Duplessis lost steam as the Quiet Revolution progressed and the general populace evolved a negative view of the Duplessis's reign. By the time

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and of assuming the role of "the father of the Quebec nation". The premier retorted that while, in his opinion, Duplessis had many faults, he defended Quebec, unlike the "

12151: 12124: 10051:"Se déchirer sur la Révolution tranquille. Les nouveaux visages du nationalisme conservateur au Québec, de Jean-Marc Piotte et Jean-Pierre Couture, Québec Amérique, 2012" 4121:

The business community, in its turn, was assured by his pledge to pursue development driven by private investments and opposition to state takeovers of companies. In the

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in its nature. Among those who changed their opinion of the regime in the course of the years was Léon Dion, who wrote in 1993 that the assessment of the period as the

3421:, whose member he would stay until his death. He first worked together with his father, but this was cut short as on June 15, 1914, Nérée was nominated as judge of the 5151: 1128: 4463:

would more and more feel as if he were part of aristocracy and behave and dress accordingly even though he had no blood relation with it. Conrad Black suggests that

3780:

Initially, Maurice Duplessis was skeptical of the third political force, saying that "two are enough: one good and one bad". He was then preparing for the upcoming

4082:. A nationalist formation, it supported the nationalization of hydroelectricity and argued for more autonomy for Quebec; at the same time it drew inspirations from 918:

remained worse off in the province where they constituted a majority just as his government was courting Anglophone and out-of-province businessmen to invest. This

5002: 2014: 497: 5646: 11125: 6510: 1993: 539: 5092: 10568: 7471:"Les moyens de l'ambition / Alain Lavigne, Duplessis, pièce manquante d'une Légende. L'invention du marketing politique, Sillery, Septentrion, 2012, 200 pages" 5213:

in Duplessis's heritage in the 1980s despite the otherwise favourable climate for conservative politicians. The Union Nationale, then under the stewardship of

2745: 1883: 12371: 15548: 3204:, which he carried for the rest of his life and which sometimes would influence his political choices. The future premier was a bright student, excelling in 1859: 895:

in Quebec's society, notably in healthcare and education. He was ruthless to the perceived enemies of the Church or of the Catholic nature of the province,

5308:

Maurice Duplessis also received several decorations. In 1948, Argentine President Juan Perón gave Duplessis the highest decoration, the Grand Cross of the

4217:, which at that time mostly consisted of new welfare policies, but also through asserting its power to taxation, which Duplessis successfully did in 1955. 3235:, which helped him become the best student in his year. In particular, he sharpened his rhetorical skills while attending the debate club at the college's 1927: 4882:'s regimes have so much in common that they suggest that Bjelke-Petersen might have studied Duplessis's politics before implementing his policies in that 6807: 5043:. Both proved quite sympathetic to "Le Chef" and minimized the supposed rupture between Duplessis and the events that happened after his death. In 1974, 1870: 11634: 10542: 11646: 8657: 4994:, a private organization dedicated to the preservation of Duplessis's heritage. The Society was then commemorating the fifth anniversary of his death. 2088: 3542: 3769:

and sought to improve the position of French Canadians in the province by expanding the social welfare net, breaking (and, if needed, nationalizing)

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voted with the Liberals) and later on would not enforce its provisions during Duplessis's fifteen years in power. Finally, in 1944, Godbout created

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While studying, he was noted for his liveliness, sharp responses and socializing. Duplessis, sitting in the opposition, was a local star within the

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The reign itself had some authoritarian tendencies. Even though the Legislative Assembly deliberated with all the usual organs, Duplessis was the

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that he connected to women's suffrage. He also accused Godbout of hypocrisy, as the Liberal leader previously opposed similar bills seven times.

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Statue of Maurice Duplessis in Trois-Rivières (1964). The French on the bottom of the pedestal says "Cooperation always – assimilation never!".

5059:

held this event to attract Union Nationale supporters. The preparation copies of the monument are stored in the Museum of Fine Arts of Quebec.

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was unusual at the time as before 1980, it was the government (via the Ministry of Public Works) that decided on the decorations next to the

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in favour of rural areas, which were the party's stronghold, and support from the high clergy further cemented the long reign of Duplessis.

13909: 11104: 4512: 2791: 766: 11536: 5309: 4925:, meant to demean the leader of the CAQ by comparing him to Duplessis and accused Legault of excluding those Quebec residents who opposed 4866:, which would also be an "authoritarian democracy" under Warren's definition. Catherine Frost saw many similarities between Duplessis and 15678: 14951: 14306: 10770: 6410: 5182:

In the 1980s, the negative coverage of Duplessis in the arts still continued. Among these works was a collection of feminist articles by

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Duplessis's interest for politics appeared at a very young age. As early as at the age of ten, Maurice expressed strong interest in the

1955: 1854: 839:

The first three years in government were difficult for Duplessis as the government struggled to respond to the ongoing hardships of the

15708: 15703: 14372: 11897: 10138:"Note de recherche. Religion et politique dans les années 1950: une pièce de plus à notre compréhension de la supposée Grande Noirceur" 9605: 7082: 5244:", were a manifestation of that trend. Gabriel Nadeau-Dubois, then one of the leaders of the protests, suggested that the government's 5110:

A building that belonged to Maurice Duplessis, at 240 Bonaventure Street in Trois-Rivières. His law office was located in the basement.

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seat. The campaign was a heated one. Mercier benefited from a well-organized political structure in the area directed by his mentor,

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Montrealers about the news that René Lévesque wants to place a monument to Duplessis, together with an interview of a journalist of

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The Quebec government started handing out old-age pensions and approved workplace accident protections in its first year in office.

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acknowledged having used the public money inappropriately. For example, Antoine Taschereau, premier's brother and accountant of the

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In the 1950s, when Duplessis was premier of Quebec, he was among the foremost people lobbying for the canonization of Brother André

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and the apparent backwardness of his model of development were also subject of criticism. Thus his critics labelled the period the

868: 8299: 4395: 3684:. The Liberal Party, which had been in power for more than 35 years, was suffering from internal tensions, too, but also from the 3177: 828:

as Gouin retired from politics and Duplessis took over the leadership, thus breaking almost 40 years of uninterrupted rule by the

15511: 9646:"La Grande Noirceur canadienne-française dans l'historiographie et la mémoire québécoises: Revisiter une interprétation convenue" 1945: 1059:, who chose to name his son for the electoral district he was the MLA for. The newborn boy was then baptized by Laflèche himself. 1015:

sympathizers, with whom they would often debate current political events. Some of the influential figures of the time, including

11696: 8329: 7735:"Why the Quiet Revolution was "Quiet": The Catholic Church's Reaction to the Secularization of Nationalism in Quebec after 1960" 4734: 871:, he presided over a period of robust economic growth due to the rising demand in resources, which the province used to develop 15743: 15728: 15713: 14757: 14097: 6030:"Expositions du Service des archives du Séminaire St-Joseph de Trois-Rivières | Ces terres qui portent fruits. | 0757-A-5-a-45" 2970: 2710: 2081: 15688: 3292:. Finishing law school was then a standard way to get into politics. In parallel to his studies, he trained in the offices of 793: 12019: 11996: 11963: 11932: 11878: 11847: 11824: 11464: 11387: 11366: 11258: 11237: 11058: 10348: 10311: 10229: 9950: 9913: 9904:

Létourneau, Jocelyn (2021). "1968, vue du Québec". In Hawes, Michael K.; Holman, Andrew C.; Kirkey, Christopher John (eds.).

9452: 9425: 9398: 9371: 9219: 8780: 8347: 8309: 8068: 8029: 7676: 7649: 7572: 7303: 7265: 7092: 5553: 4515:. On the other hand, his love of sport was not unequivocal. In fact, Duplessis has not practised any in his life, except for 4079: 3272: 10102: 4640: 15370: 14313: 13699: 12612: 12299: 11604:

Restons traditionnels et progressifs: pour une nouvelle analyse du discours politique: le cas du régime Duplessis au Québec

10606: 10470: 8910: 7694:"« Les évêques mangent dans ma main »: les relations entre l'Église et l'État sous Maurice Duplessis (1944–1959)" 7501: 6434:"Économie sociale et innovation. L'approche de la régulation, au coeur de la construction québécoise de l'économie sociale" 5321: 4763:

In the 1970s, despite an overwhelmingly negative coverage of "Le Chef", two biographies cast him in a very positive light.

4411: 3151: 2833: 1908: 687: 12167: 12116: 9014: 14647: 12197: 7967:"« Duplessis donne sa province »: exploitation minière et valeurs au Québec sous l'Union nationale (1945–1956)" 4028:

and its subsidiary Beauharnois Power, but Duplessis again opposed the initiative, saying that its timing just before the

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Let's stay traditional and progressive: on a new analysis of political discourse: the case of Duplessis regime in Quebec

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For instance, Duplessis would always schedule his most important political events on Wednesdays due to the fact that in

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the portrayal of Duplessis's era as a Great Darkness unique to Quebec may be unjustified as contemporary governments of

4109:, and the Quebec Liberals struck a secret deal with the so-called "International Zionist Brotherhood" to settle 100,000 4000:

The Liberals introduced some progressive policies during their five years in power. In 1940, the Godbout administration

3773:

and revitalizing rural areas. In particular, the party was critical of the energy trusts and advocated for bringing the

3315: 3275:. Duplessis understood from that experience that he preferred the practical aspects of politics rather than the theory. 14070: 13689: 12457: 12412: 11410: 11031: 10775: 8965:"L'imaginaire de la grande noirceur et de la révolution tranquille: fictions identitaires et jeux de mémoire au Québec" 7909: 5990: 5434:Étiennette Duplessis, sister of Maurice, would marry Édouard Bureau, Jacques's son, in the April following the election 4902: 4059: 3078: 2975: 2828: 2673: 2333: 12282: 5951: 883:

policies by keeping taxes low, refraining from regulation and adopting pro-employer labour policies, in particular by

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A stone laid by Maurice Duplessis during the inauguration of the Queen Elizabeth II Hospital in Montreal, August 1959

4807:

In today's historiography of Quebec (at least since the 1990s), most scholars express the opinion that the notion of

3725:

Paul Gouin (right) and Maurice Duplessis (left) on a political rally of the Conservative–ALN coalition, November 1935

3083: 2074: 14080: 14075: 14041: 10293: 9760:"La " Grande noirceur " catholique et duplessiste au Québec: entre mémoire et histoire. Note critique sur l'ouvrage 5638: 13393: 12361: 12343: 9790: 9645: 8560:"De la création à la commémoration: le « Désormais… » de Paul Sauvé dans l'histoire du Québec, 1959–2010" 4950:

Immediately after the death of Duplessis, provincial politicians took pains to preserve the memory of "Le Chef". A

4045:

Just as with the 1935 elections, a third political force wanted to enter Quebec politics: the anti-conscriptionist

3907: 3220: 2578: 1710: 14065: 10516: 7470: 5316:(1946), a provincial order for people who contributed to the development of agriculture, and the induction in the 15763: 15753: 15723: 14971: 12677: 12642: 12312: 11748: 10569:"Journal des débats de l'Assemblée nationale: 42e législature, 1re session (27 novembre 2018 au 13 octobre 2021)" 9261: 8711: 5513: 4679: 4025: 3357: 3144: 2165: 2105: 1998: 12430: 8272: 5272:

Duplessis held some top positions in relation to his law career. On December 30, 1931, he received the title of

3416: 3300:, two nationalist conservatives and friends of Duplessis's family, where Maurice was referred to by his father. 15523: 12632: 11648:

L'évolution des politiques sociales au Québec, 1940–1960. Les politiques sociales et les travailleurs: cahier 3

8455: 4968: 4951: 4005: 3785: 3492: 2053: 2044: 1259: 981: 973: 781: 373: 15232: 14787: 10802: 9574: 8964: 3819: 887:. "Le Chef" usually met the federal government's initiatives with strong resistance due to his convictions on 15573: 15395: 14170: 14136: 13040: 12187: 12050: 7286: 5712: 5026: 3670: 3449: 3268: 2980: 2811: 2598: 2160: 14119: 12560: 12550: 12156: 12129: 9493: 9152: 4737:. Yves Vaillancourt, who analyzed the period from the perspective of administration of welfare, stated that 4276: 4224:

stayed in the province for over a decade and average wages rose slightly faster than in the rest of Canada.

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political party with the Quebec Conservative Party dissolving into it. Duplessis was elected as its leader.

12543: 10178: 10137: 7765: 5750: 5218: 4979: 4427: 4122: 4116: 4029: 3955: 3814: 3793: 3781: 3716: 3488: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3264: 2985: 2678: 1919: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1788: 1754: 1741: 1736: 1731: 1726: 1269: 1056: 1052: 1035:, could be found there. Moreover, Maurice's father, a deeply pious person, maintained close relations with 884: 864: 852: 825: 821: 801: 797: 14822: 14672: 11377: 6460: 5229:

known to a wide public and further entrenched the image of Duplessis's era as that of the Great Darkness.

4300:

Sometime before September 2, 1959, Duplessis accepted an invitation from Quebec Iron, a subsidiary of the

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of the college. He came to like young Duplessis and handed him over the task of finding students whom the

1764: 1265: 1040: 817: 15738: 15673: 15602: 15142: 14981: 14747: 13537: 13177: 13047: 12993: 12840: 12367: 12290: 11911: 8520: 7693: 6958: 5959: 5302: 5284: 5237: 4887: 4145: 3963: 3898: 3368: 3289: 3020: 3015: 2688: 2683: 860: 668: 10746:"Modèle préparatoire du " Monument à Maurice Le Noblet Duplessis " de Québec (fragment) – Brunet, Émile" 10247:"Electoral Malapportionment: Partisanship, Rhetoric and Reform in the Shadow of the Agrarian Strong-man" 5294: 5165:. Apart from this, several streets, parks and other objects across the province are named in his honour. 15683: 15658: 15353: 14956: 14857: 14212: 13709: 13234: 12958: 12918: 12707: 12175: 10407:"L'ACTION DÉMOCRATIQUE DU QUÉBEC DE MARIO DUMONT: ENTRE RUPTURE ET CONTINUITÉ AVEC LE MODÈLE QUÉBÉCOIS" 9519: 9099: 7966: 7868: 5468: 5040: 4986:

was the only provincial politician with a statue in front of the Legislative Assembly. By summer 1961,

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The new party, which in particular despised the big business's interests in the province, consisted of

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by John Thomas McDonough, describing the Asbestos strike, appeared in Quebec City's theatres in 1971.

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and philosophy; at the same time, he was known to be playful and sometimes mischievous (a "scamp", as

2705: 1932: 792:, where he founded a successful legal consultancy. Duplessis narrowly lost his first campaign for the 15197: 14742: 14296: 14249: 13930: 13498: 13461: 13239: 12435: 10959: 9236: 8276: 7827: 7421: 7186: 6833: 5156: 5055:

retrieved Brunet's monument from storage and unveiled it next to the Parliament Building. Lévesque's

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education services, something that would only change after 1960. A very able speaker who resorted to

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wished to see. The relationship was so close that it was then that Duplessis developed the cult of

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Duplessis (4th to the right) at the Dominion-Provincial Conference on Reconstruction, 1945 or 1946

15468: 15107: 14657: 14516: 14382: 13726: 13721: 13439: 13385: 13190: 12652: 7761:"Vincent Geloso, Rethinking Canadian Economic Growth and Development since 1900: The Quebec Case" 6917: 5317: 4741:

was in disrepair and that the government of Duplessis was at fault for causing this problem. The

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Maurice Duplessis with his sisters, Marguerite, Jeanne, Étiennette and Joséphine-Gabrielle, 1897

945:), which stuck in Quebec's society in a large degree thanks to the efforts of those who led the 15568: 15167: 14961: 14897: 14877: 14702: 14627: 14581: 14340: 14145: 13958: 13885: 13873: 13811: 13611: 13552: 13301: 13271: 13208: 13200: 13085: 12983: 12968: 12657: 7065: 6438:

Communication aux Xe rencontres du Réseau interuniversitaire de l'économie sociale et solidaire

5298: 4403: 4200: 4187: 4170:, his minister of colonization. The fact that the party secured a steady source of income from 4037:

and the electricity companies was a better way to decrease them than assuming state ownership.

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thought that this job bore too many constraints. He would later confide to his secretary that "

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The evolution of social policy in Quebec, 1940–1960. Social policy and the workers: fascicle 3

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Blake, Raymond B.; Keshen, Jeffrey; Knowles, Norman J.; Messamore, Barbara J. (May 18, 2017).

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in 1942, the leader of opposition decided to quit drinking altogether on his doctor's advice.

3985: 1276:(1886–1900), later mayor of Trois-Rivières (1904–05) and judge of the Superior Court of Quebec 15533: 15415: 15217: 14912: 14551: 14350: 14239: 13976: 13866: 13804: 13480: 13244: 13135: 13093: 12953: 12948: 12928: 12752: 12682: 12667: 12111: 12084: 11336: 11306: 9415: 9207: 7067:

L'Église face à Duplessis: le clergé catholique face à la politique québécoise de 1930 à 1960

6273: 5469:"L'histoire partisane: Maurice Duplessis et son temps vus par Robert Rumilly et Conrad Black" 5035: 4998: 4930: 4922: 4399: 4381:

The body was placed in a coffin covered by the flag of Quebec, which he had introduced by an

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Duplessis's legacy remains controversial more than 60 years after his death. Compared to the

14667: 10471:"À la défense de Maurice Duplessis Martin Lemay, Québec Amérique, Montréal, 2016, 165 pages" 9791:"Comment se débarrasser de la Grande Noirceur sans se débarrasser du passé québécois ?" 5276:

due to his achievements in the field of law. In addition to that, he was elected President (

5183: 4729:, also a union organizer, who described Duplessis's views as those of a "19th-century rural 4220:

The post-war economic expansion defined the economic development of Quebec under Duplessis.

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called to convene a caucus meeting to consider changing the leader, with Onésime Gagnon and

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repeatedly questioned the government on its failure to make a turnaround. He pointed to the

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from the 1930s to the 1950s. With a total of 18 years and 82 days in office, he remains the

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Sometimes rendered in French as "Cheuf" to reflect the particularities of pronunciation of

5056: 4959: 4722: 3879: 3697: 3673:, but Houde was bitter at his ouster and would only reconcile with him after World War II. 3666: 3646: 3236: 3035: 2318: 2230: 2225: 2040: 1966: 1875: 1840: 1134: 1115: 888: 829: 773: 652: 475: 10645: 6511:"Introduction historique – 18e législature, 2e session (10 janvier 1933 au 13 avril 1933)" 4448: 4385:

in 1948. The coffin arrived to Quebec City by plane at 6:10 am. Duplessis's body was then

3979:

Adélard Godbout, leader of the Quebec Liberal Party 1936–1949, Premier of Quebec 1939–1944

288: 8: 15633: 15597: 15336: 15309: 15282: 14762: 14697: 14362: 14357: 14227: 14165: 13714: 13427: 13123: 13098: 12988: 12963: 12933: 12767: 12598: 11330: 7734: 5397:, Saint Joseph's day was observed every week on that day. Duplessis would also go to the 5240:, the negative image of the era persisted. The student protests of 2012, often known as " 5170: 4879: 4797: 4721:, who was imprisoned for her advocacy in 1955 and ultimately acquitted of the charge of " 4488: 4240: 4229: 4214: 4095: 4001: 3441: 3132: 3010: 2906: 2858: 2588: 2295: 2210: 2205: 2143: 1938: 1848: 876: 365: 13311: 12822: 12812: 10406: 5134:

Sept-Îles is the largest city within the provincial riding of Duplessis, located in the

4918: 4906: 4726: 4669: 4577: 4071: 3364: 3339: 3285: 843:. That term saw the introduction of several key welfare policies (such as the universal 15612: 15585: 15563: 15553: 15506: 15420: 15410: 15400: 15182: 15067: 14976: 14862: 14842: 14521: 14450: 14232: 14158: 14153: 13890: 13843: 13704: 13456: 13432: 13070: 12938: 12807: 12777: 12762: 12747: 12687: 12637: 12621: 11429: 10498: 10354: 10328: 10274: 8940: 8888: 8751: 8587: 7529: 7356: 7167: 6491: 6080: 5052: 4974: 4595: 4520: 4098:

indeed disapproved of the legislation). During the campaign, Duplessis floated a false

4033: 3989: 3842:, was forced to resign when he admitted having pocketed interest from the government's 3839: 3730: 3692: 3383: 3256: 3193: 3098: 3088: 3055: 2755: 2215: 2148: 1962: 1781: 1020: 891:. In the social domain, Duplessis maintained and protected the traditional role of the 762: 739: 735: 705: 36: 15277: 13838: 12722: 12712: 12575: 11151: 8058: 4867: 4745:

view is also present in some English-language scholarly books that describe that era.

3847: 3676:

The governing Liberals also had problems of their own. Quebec was in the midst of the

972:

to a religious family that was quite wealthy. He was the second child and only son of

132: 15528: 15405: 15341: 15257: 15137: 15117: 15087: 15057: 15047: 15022: 15017: 14832: 14817: 14802: 14772: 14677: 14607: 14494: 14367: 14254: 13948: 13655: 13580: 13266: 13118: 12998: 12848: 12316: 12249: 12094: 12025: 12015: 11992: 11969: 11959: 11938: 11928: 11884: 11874: 11853: 11843: 11820: 11803: 11793: 11776: 11766: 11735: 11725: 11715: 11683: 11673: 11626: 11616: 11587: 11566: 11556: 11508: 11498: 11470: 11460: 11456: 11435: 11416: 11406: 11383: 11362: 11310: 11285: 11275: 11254: 11233: 10979: 10940: 10861: 10502: 10490: 10358: 10344: 10307: 10278: 10266: 10225: 10200: 10159: 10072: 9995: 9956: 9946: 9919: 9909: 9886: 9876: 9853: 9832:"L'économie du Québec et le modèle libéral duplessiste dans une perspective comparée" 9812: 9665: 9586: 9540: 9520:"Pierre B. Berthelot, Duplessis est encore en vie, Québec, Septentrion, 2021, 408 p." 9448: 9421: 9394: 9367: 9215: 9121: 8984: 8944: 8932: 8892: 8880: 8786: 8776: 8755: 8743: 8591: 8579: 8540: 8343: 8335: 8305: 8168: 8107: 8064: 8025: 7988: 7890: 7849: 7808: 7715: 7672: 7645: 7568: 7533: 7521: 7482: 7391: 7381: 7360: 7348: 7328: 7309: 7299: 7261: 7208: 7171: 7159: 7088: 6980: 6939: 6898: 6855: 6776: 6495: 6483: 6072: 5758: 5693: 5559: 5549: 5490: 5290: 5273: 5257: 5226: 5162: 5051:. Three years later, and 18 years after the Legislative Assembly decreed so, Premier 4871: 4793: 4769: 4504: 4251: 4102: 3913: 3611: 3565: 3512: 3224: 2786: 2638: 2456: 2343: 2027: 924: 727: 62: 12672: 8559: 7139: 5732: 5456:

For the contents of his library and suggestions about the typical books he read, see

5217:, distanced itself from the heritage of Maurice Duplessis and lost all seats in the 4983: 4855: 3658: 2269: 1255: 1000:

origins on her maternal side. The family of the future premier was well-disposed to

969: 789: 578: 311: 117: 15463: 15458: 15319: 15202: 15172: 15147: 15082: 15077: 15052: 15012: 14852: 14777: 14732: 14652: 14612: 14536: 14288: 13924: 13895: 13833: 13828: 13796: 13791: 13779: 13774: 13598: 13493: 13035: 12782: 12737: 11326:"American investment in Quebec: a case study of the politics of foreign investment" 10971: 10745: 10720: 10695: 10543:"Premier Legault mocks Quebec Solidaire leader Nadeau-Dubois by calling him 'woke'" 10482: 10336: 10299: 10262: 10258: 10190: 10149: 10062: 9843: 9802: 9657: 9530: 9111: 8976: 8922: 8872: 8733: 8723: 8571: 8532: 8158: 8097: 7978: 7917: 7880: 7839: 7800: 7705: 7607: 7513: 7340: 7198: 7151: 6970: 6929: 6845: 6766: 6475: 6441: 5480: 4758: 4730: 4718: 4524: 4435: 4415: 4382: 4292: 4175: 3774: 3770: 3677: 3606:, the penultimate leader of the Conservative Party of Quebec in 1929–1931, MLA for 3520: 3304: 3297: 3045: 3040: 3000: 2939: 2919: 2618: 2496: 2491: 2476: 2416: 2401: 2391: 946: 915: 840: 323: 281: 15389: 15097: 14847: 13848: 13517: 13292: 11358:

Prelude to Quebec's Quiet Revolution: Liberalism versus Neo-Nationalism, 1945–1960

8228: 8063:. Montréal: L'Aurore: distribution, Maison de Diffusion-Québec. pp. 199–201. 5507:

The Society also maintains a recreation of Duplessis's work cabinet in the nearby

4414:, was attended by eleven members of the federal cabinet, including Prime Minister 4375:, video reviewing the most important events of 1959, Radio-Canada, January 1, 1960 3975: 3189: 234: 15638: 15314: 15262: 15162: 15152: 15042: 15007: 14907: 14892: 14827: 14782: 14622: 14541: 14511: 14416: 14377: 14244: 14010: 13636: 13398: 13349: 13017: 12787: 12772: 12757: 12662: 12473: 12387: 11982: 11356: 11248: 11227: 11216: 7639: 7251: 6461:"Le Père Joseph-Papin Archambault, S.J. et l'École Sociale Populaire: témoignage" 5443:

Three people from his caucus: Gagnon, Langlais from the Legislative Assembly and

5195: 4891: 4702: 4650: 4492: 4484: 4472: 4233: 4221: 4009: 3603: 3508: 3205: 2608: 2466: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2280: 2235: 2200: 1979: 1923: 1096: 993: 930: 892: 848: 809: 714: 544: 112: 15287: 15187: 14727: 13672: 13057: 13008: 12326: 12171: 11340: 10340: 4717:(great fear). Among other supporters of this interpretation were trade unionist 4244: 4021: 3580: 3241: 107: 15543: 15486: 15430: 15363: 15247: 15222: 15192: 15157: 15092: 15037: 15032: 15027: 14752: 14722: 14707: 14642: 14617: 14576: 14440: 13756: 13575: 13525: 13417: 13375: 13218: 12802: 12792: 11452:

Rethinking Canadian economic growth and development since 1900: the Quebec case

11203: 9417:

Reimagining Canada: Language, Culture, Community, and the Canadian Constitution

9006: 8861:"La Révolution dans l'ordre. Une histoire du duplessisme by Jonathan Livernois" 4859: 4738: 4656: 4508: 4500: 4496: 4456: 4075: 4046: 3924: 3797: 3742: 3484: 3293: 3232: 3093: 2863: 2486: 2471: 2461: 2451: 2436: 2275: 2138: 2123: 1835: 1032: 1012: 743: 246: 27: 14797: 12269: 12265: 12261: 12240: 12229: 12224: 12219: 12143: 12029: 11973: 11670:

Political parties and society of Quebec: from Duplessis to Bourassa, 1944-1970

10486: 10303: 9960: 9945:(in French). Montreal: Presses de l'Université de Montréal. pp. 605–622. 9923: 8738: 8199:"1945–1959 – Hydro-Québec's First Triumphs | History of Electricity in Québec" 8179: 7517: 7446: 7380:. Harold Martin Troper. Toronto: Lester & Orpen Dennys. pp. 162–164. 7344: 7313: 7253:

Strangers at Our Gates: Canadian Immigration and Immigration Policy, 1540–2015

4256: 3757:

a social policy document drafted by the Catholic clergy in 1933. It advocated

15652: 15592: 15425: 15227: 15177: 15127: 15062: 14922: 14917: 14882: 14872: 14807: 14717: 14662: 14637: 14499: 14435: 13630: 13451: 12852: 11942: 11888: 11857: 11630: 11474: 11325: 10983: 10944: 10928: 10865: 10696:"Monument à Maurice Le Noblet Duplessis de Québec (fragment) – Brunet, Émile" 10494: 10270: 10204: 10163: 10076: 9999: 9857: 9816: 9669: 9610: 9590: 9544: 9125: 8988: 8936: 8884: 8747: 8583: 8544: 8172: 8111: 7992: 7922: 7894: 7853: 7812: 7719: 7525: 7486: 7352: 7257: 7219: 7212: 7163: 6984: 6943: 6934: 6902: 6859: 6780: 6487: 6076: 5762: 5697: 5563: 5494: 5444: 5394: 5350: 5214: 5019: 4390: 4305: 4050: 3920: 3855: 3843: 3789: 3734: 3686: 3407: 3401: 3397: 3120: 2899: 2886: 2539: 2406: 2396: 2358: 2353: 2328: 2240: 1086: 1044: 785: 747: 597: 527: 493: 13213: 12732: 12515: 11871:

Duplessis: a missing piece of a legend: the invention of political marketing

11867:

Duplessis: pièce manquante d'une légende: l'invention du marketing politique

11807: 11780: 11739: 11687: 11420: 10607:"An Act to pay tribute to the memory of the Honourable Maurice L.-Duplessis" 9890: 8790: 7601: 7395: 5354: 4843: 4661: 4627: 4609: 4590: 4573: 4337: 3919:

The themes that unite both the pre-war and the post-war administration were

3588: 3410:

in September 1913. Maurice returned to his home town to practice law at the

2006: 859:

backfired and his government left the economy in a poor state. However, the

726:" ("The Boss"), was a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the 16th 144: 15558: 15538: 15496: 15326: 15267: 15212: 15132: 15112: 15102: 14887: 14867: 14837: 14737: 14692: 14687: 14632: 14586: 14561: 14425: 13993: 13942: 13784: 13488: 13340: 13167: 13156: 13075: 13030: 12895: 12797: 12090: 11666:

Partis politiques et société québécoise: de Duplessis à Bourassa, 1944–1970

11570: 11512: 11289: 9304: 8824: 7070:(doctor thesis) (in French). Montreal: Université McGill. pp. 218–220. 6991: 6445: 5412: 5241: 5233: 5232:

In the 21st century, with the exception of some non-scholarly authors like

5044: 5030: 5015: 4898: 4576:, a discussion on the legacy of Maurice Duplessis between Conrad Black and 4355: 4099: 4004:

in provincial elections, which they already had on the federal level since

3959: 3958:

to cement his grip on power by rallying the population around the fears of

3951: 3927:. Duplessis introduced and had the Legislative Assembly pass the so-called 3886: 3750: 3213: 3201: 2946: 2892: 2529: 2338: 2313: 2175: 997: 880: 856: 844: 353: 91: 13356: 11450: 10050: 9873:

Genèse des nations et cultures du nouveau monde: essai d'histoire comparée

9831: 9661: 8876: 8388:"Bilan du siècle – Décès du premier ministre du Québec, Maurice Duplessis" 7619: 6433: 5543: 5135: 4540: 4360:, video about the funeral of the Premier, Radio-Canada, September 10, 1959 3591:, who would replace Duplessis as premier of Quebec after his death in 1959 2153: 1388: 988:. Maurice's father, who came from a family of peasants residing in nearby 872: 15580: 15501: 15473: 15453: 15358: 15122: 14902: 14792: 14767: 14682: 14571: 14556: 14546: 14489: 14484: 14462: 14445: 14430: 14409: 14404: 14025: 14019: 13966: 13736: 13678: 13592: 13565: 13422: 13410: 13333: 13318: 13113: 12978: 12742: 12702: 11709:(in French). Vol. 2. Quebec City: Les Presses de l’Université Laval. 10676: 10625: 8770: 8610: 8252: 7375: 5739:. Lévis: 33–35 – via Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. 5253: 5098:

Statue of Maurice Duplessis next to the National Assembly building (1977)

4821: 4480: 4464: 4431: 4407: 4269:

after his second surgery. Also in 1942, doctors diagnosed Duplessis with

4266: 4087: 3936: 3928: 3758: 2932: 2765: 2534: 2519: 2514: 2481: 2446: 2441: 2426: 2323: 2245: 2180: 1888: 1776: 919: 904: 412: 168: 12260:

a documentary on provincial leaders, with an episode on Duplessis: part

11269: 10929:"Research Note – "It's just a tweet": History, Memory, and Social Media" 8575: 7930: 7611: 7155: 5249: 5122:

Autoroute 540 (alternatively Autoroute Maurice-Duplessis) in Quebec City

3587:, leader of the Conservative Party of Quebec in 1916–1929 and father of 15002: 14997: 14712: 14566: 14531: 14472: 14389: 14090: 13971: 13505: 13065: 12065: 12044: 11899:

Maurice Duplessis: mises en récit d'un personnage historique, 1959–1980

10424: 10117: 10006: 9700: 8240: 6084: 6060: 4875: 4874:

and that of Quebec. Greame Orr and Ron Levy found that Duplessis's and

4655:

Intellectual circles were not kind to Duplessis, even during his life.

4313: 4213:

government. It was usually done by means of refusing to participate in

3940: 3762: 3738: 3721: 3654: 3280: 3249: 2913: 2843: 2559: 2554: 2549: 2544: 2524: 2411: 989: 813: 663: 10999:"Quebec's microbreweries tap into province's culture with beer labels" 10975: 10380:"L'Action démocratique du Québec – Un tiers parti en quête de pouvoir" 10195: 10154: 10067: 9848: 9807: 9535: 8927: 8860: 8728: 8536: 8163: 7983: 7910:"Regional analysis of unemployment: the Province of Quebec, 1946–1966" 7885: 7710: 6274:"Guide parlementaire historique de la province de Québec, 1792 à 1902" 6065:

Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association

5545:

Community besieged: the anglophone minority and the politics of Quebec

4547: 15607: 15242: 14591: 14526: 14345: 14259: 14222: 14180: 14108: 13856: 13746: 13731: 13643: 13619: 13542: 13370: 13276: 13025: 12590: 11169:"Le gouvernement argentin veut décorer M. Duplessis et Mgr. Maurault" 10295:

Cold War Canada: The Making of a National Insecurity State, 1945–1957

9967: 9727: 9317: 9280: 9116: 8980: 8339: 8102: 7844: 7804: 7203: 6975: 6850: 6771: 6479: 5485: 4883: 4847: 4839: 4835: 4452: 4171: 4135:

Premiership of Maurice Duplessis § Second government (1944–1959)

4110: 4066: 3829: 3766: 3245: 2431: 2250: 1987: 900: 86: 11580:

Le duplessisme: politique économique et rapports de force, 1944–1960

9688: 6061:"A Preliminary Comparison of Long's Louisiana and Duplessis' Quebec" 4945: 3869:

Premiership of Maurice Duplessis § First government (1936–1939)

3548:

Maurice Duplessis in 1927, the year of his first successful election

1264:

second oldest of 4 children of Joseph Duplessis Jr.; lawyer for the

15348: 15331: 14477: 14274: 14185: 13936: 13816: 13751: 13661: 13587: 13560: 13323: 13185: 13103: 11402: 8521:"Et si Paul Sauvé n'avait jamais prononcé le " Désormais… " ?" 4817: 4476: 4386: 4273:, which particularly caused trouble in the last years of his life. 4270: 4209: 4152: 3322: 3228: 3227:. Maurice continued to excel in other subjects, including history, 3181: 2220: 1581: 1458: 804:

as a Conservative MLA. His rhetorical skills helped him become the

751: 11299:

The Union Nationale: Quebec Nationalism from Duplessis to Levesque

11250:

Québec in the Duplessis Era, 1935-1959: Dictatorship Or Democracy?

11105:"Liste des doctorats honorifiques 1920–2013 (ordre chronologique)" 11084:"List of McGill Honorary Degree Recipients from 1935 to June 2022" 9676: 9625: 8331:

The Devil from Saint-Hyacinthe: Senator Télesphore-Damien Bouchard

4252:

Death, funeral and the end of the dominance of the Union Nationale

4078:, who were instrumental in what was effectively the defeat of the 3967:

reforms, the party's representation shrank to 15 out of 86 seats.

784:(MLA), Maurice studied law in Montreal and became a member of the 15252: 14812: 14467: 14399: 14190: 14058: 13982: 13667: 13624: 13531: 13144: 13108: 12275: 11904:

Maurice Duplessis: perspectives on a historical figure, 1959–1980

11397:

Linteau, Paul-André; Durocher, René; Robert, Jean-Claude (1991).

11302: 8151:"Le gouvernement Duplessis, l'éducation et la culture, 1944–1959" 7116: 7106: 7104: 7032: 7030: 5245: 4926: 4851: 4813: 4516: 4194:, though he ultimately lost court cases connected to them in the 3005: 2063: 1668: 46: 11130:

Service des bibliothèques et archives – Université de Sherbrooke

8130: 7999: 4434:'s Liberals won. This defeat of the Union Nationale started the 1515: 14457: 13259: 12864: 12308: 11714:

Bourque, Gilles; Duchastel, Jules; Beauchemin, Jacques (1994).

9717: 9715: 7291: 4863: 4309: 4191: 3994: 3894: 3753:. The members of the new political force drew heavily from the 3703: 719: 11984:

L'Église et la politique québécoise, de Taschereau à Duplessis

11584:

Duplessism: economical politics and power relations, 1944-1960

9762:

L'Église et la politique québécoise, de Taschereau à Duplessis

7565:

Regulating religion: case studies from around the globe legacy

7540: 7101: 7027: 6734: 5018:

treated him extensively in his early film career: in 1972, he

4291:

of Trois-Rivières. The flag of Quebec, adopted by Duplessis's

3954:. Duplessis decided to seize that opportunity and announced a 14504: 12287:

Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours

11989:

The Church and Quebec politics, from Taschereau to Duplessis

11529:

The march of the Quebeckers: the time of ruptures (1945–1960)

10896: 8911:"Sortir de la Grande Noirceur grâce aux documents d'archives" 7603:

Between friends: Censorship of Canada's media in World War II

7047: 7045: 6661: 6659: 5956:

Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours

5815: 5813: 5811: 5809: 5807: 5805: 5803: 5801: 5799: 5548:. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 47–48. 5203: 4340:– a eulogy by Prime Minister John Diefenbaker, September 1959 3209: 832:. In addition to his premiership duties, Duplessis served as 11698:

Québec 1945–2000: Les intellectuels et le temps de Duplessis

10884: 9739: 9712: 9363:

Federalism in Canada: Contested Concepts and Uneasy Balances

9341: 8118: 7742:

Canadian Catholic Historical Association: Historical Studies

7140:"The Bloc Populaire Canadien: Anatomy of Failure, 1942–1947" 6320: 5797: 5795: 5793: 5791: 5789: 5787: 5785: 5783: 5781: 5779: 5063:

Landmarks associated with, or named after, Maurice Duplessis

3406:

After three years of studies, Duplessis was admitted to the

15759:

Recipients of the Order of the Liberator General San Martin

14394: 14175: 13741: 12178:, with first two series covering Duplessis's era, in French 10018: 9988:"Mot de présentation: au seuil de la Révolution tranquille" 9153:""The Negro-King Theory" [La théorie du roi nègre]" 8017: 7641:

Dictionnaire de la censure au Québec: littérature et cinéma

7402: 4934: 2881: 2170: 968:

Maurice Le Noblet Duplessis was born on April 20, 1890, in

867:. Duplessis then served as premier until his death. As was 11750:

Duplessis: entre la grande noirceur et la société libérale

11713: 11703:

Quebec 1945–2000: Intellectuals and the times of Duplessis

11524:

La marche des Québécois: Le temps des ruptures (1945–1960)

10298:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pp. 296–309. 9706: 9206:

Behiels, Michael D.; Hayday, Matthew (November 30, 2011).

8508:– via Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. 8467:– via Bibliotheque et Archives nationales du Quebec. 8439:– via Bibliotheque et Archives Nationales du Quebec. 7377:

None is too many: Canada and the Jews of Europe, 1933–1948

7042: 7003: 6722: 6710: 6683: 6671: 6656: 6644: 6605: 6593: 6569: 5602: 5600: 3216:

suggests), which would often lead Duplessis into trouble.

10872: 10664: 10587: 9606:"The hard truth that Quebec's intelligentsia never admit" 9444:

Trudeau Transformed: The Shaping of a Statesman 1944–1965

8797: 8664: 8405: 8368: 8038: 6700: 6698: 6332: 6253: 6231: 6229: 6120: 6118: 5776: 4225: 1092:

Association canadienne-française d'éducation de l'Ontario

12230:

The beginning of the Asbestos strike – February 13, 1949

10333:

The Politics of Othering in the United States and Canada

10030: 9551: 8425:"Funerailles de M. Duplessis a Trois-Rivieres, ce matin" 8086:"Un siècle de finances publiques québécoises: 1867–1969" 7187:"Le Québec et le plébiscite de 1942 sur la conscription" 6959:"L'état des rapports de classe au Québec de 1945 à 1967" 6755:"Un siècle de finances publiques québécoises: 1867–1969" 5366:

Her full name was Marie Catherine Camille Berthe Genest.

4748: 4643:

interviews with several political opponents of Duplessis

4260:

Schefferville as seen from the iron mine, September 2007

4105:

that asserted that the federal government, ruled by the

3427:

Duplessis, Langlois & Lamothe, Avocats et Procureurs

1055:, which Nérée won. Maurice was born during his father's 11952:

La révolution dans l'ordre: une histoire du duplessisme

11834:

Gélinas, Xavier; Ferretti, Lucia; Bédard, Éric (2010).

11655:]. Presses de l'Université de Montréal – via 10335:. Cham: Springer International Publishing. p. 97. 10292:

Marcuse, Gary; Whitaker, Reginald (December 31, 1996).

9212:

Contemporary Quebec: Selected Readings and Commentaries

8676: 8216: 6866: 6356: 5837: 5597: 5375:

Her full name was Marie Esther Charlotte Emma MacCallum

4467:

could also have affected his relationships with women.

3487:, who at the time served as a member of Parliament for 3288:

in Montreal, which is now a separate university called

1004:; Duplessis would even joke that he was "one of them". 11747:

Gagnon, Alain-G.; Sarra-Bournet, Michel, eds. (1997).

11724:]. Montreal: Presses de l'Université de Montréal. 11586:]. Montreal: Presses de l'Universite de Montreal. 8712:"La bibliothèque de Maurice Duplessis, le non‑lecteur" 8688: 8598: 8356: 6695: 6581: 6533: 6344: 6308: 6226: 6214: 6190: 6178: 6130: 6115: 6091: 5891: 5879: 5869: 5867: 5854: 5852: 5720:(in French). Montreal: A. P. Pigeon. pp. 154–168. 4280:

A memorial cross on the Duplessis family grave on the

3425:. The future Premier then opened his own consultancy, 3176:

In 1898, Duplessis left his home city to study at the

1798: 851:), but the effort to strengthen his rule by calling a 820:(ALN), which they called the Union Nationale. It lost 812:. As opposition leader, he agreed to a coalition with 15549:

Hispanic and Latino conservatism in the United States

11833: 11396: 11218:

The Chief: A Political Biography of Maurice Duplessis

10682: 10631: 10430: 10123: 10012: 9973: 9733: 9694: 9682: 9575:"Maurice Duplessis (1890–1959) – Anti-héros national" 9132: 8471: 8451:"Un avion ramène le chef de I'U.N. dans son cercueil" 8258: 8234: 7638:

Hébert, Pierre; Landry, Kenneth; Lever, Yves (2006).

7625: 7581: 7231: 7225: 6997: 6241: 6154: 6010: 5903: 5825: 5704: 5621: 5619: 5617: 5615: 5340:

Baptized Joseph Maurice Stanislas Le Noblet Duplessis

899:, whom he harassed using his government's apparatus. 875:

and rural areas. Duplessis was a strong proponent of

12200:

about the Duplessis Orphans, Radio-Canada, in French

11126:"Signer un livre d'or pour témoigner d'un événement" 9461: 9300:"Inauguration du parc en hommage à Madeleine Parent" 9184: 9172: 8622: 7946: 7561:"Public Management of Religious Diversity in Canada" 6787: 6432:

Bouchard, Marie J; Lévesque, Benoît (June 3, 2010).

4459:, the minister of roads in his post-war government. 4128: 3970: 3808: 3639: 808:

in the Legislative Assembly in 1933 in the place of

18:

Premier of Quebec from 1936 to 1939 and 1944 to 1959

11746: 10224:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 160–161, 191–192. 10183:

Mens: Revue d'histoire intellectuelle et culturelle

9795:

Mens: Revue d'histoire intellectuelle et culturelle

9631: 9329: 9323: 9286: 8246: 7644:(in French). Les Editions Fides. pp. 221–222. 7631: 7122: 6922:

Canadian Jewish Studies / Études juives canadiennes

6557: 6545: 6380: 6368: 6202: 6166: 6142: 6103: 5966: 5927: 5915: 5864: 5849: 5710: 4897:In the context of Quebec, some historians compared 4612:

inhabitants of Trois-Rivières about Duplessis, 1974

3950:in what is commonly recognized as the beginning of 3850:, who was forced to call an election on August 17. 1201:

second oldest of 7 children of Joseph Duplessis Sr.

1175:

oldest of 6 children of Isidore Le Noblet Duplessis

15699:Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada) 12070:(documentary), National Film Board of Canada, 1959 11956:A revolution within order: a history of Duplessism 11817:Le syndicalisme québécois. Deux siècles d'histoire 11229:The Union Nationale: A Study in Quebec Nationalism 10908: 9908:(in French). Ottawa: Mercury-Mercure. p. 51. 9473: 8840: 8021:Conflict and Compromise: Post-Confederation Canada 7015: 6296: 5661: 5612: 5465:For a contemporary example of such criticism, see 1099:advocacy organization, uncle of Maurice Duplessis. 836:and briefly held other ministerial posts as well. 12359: 12220:Maurice Duplessis gets to power – August 17, 1936 10920: 9789:Laniel, Jean-François; Thériault, Joseph (2018). 8024:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 202–203. 7869:"La société civile devant la Commission Tremblay" 7637: 7329:"The Montreal Jewish Community and the Holocaust" 5724: 5293:(law, 1948), Université de Montréal (law, 1953), 4946:In culture and collective memory of the Québécois 3903:Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene of Montreal 1047:. The bishop supported his electoral bid for the 15650: 12301:Duplessis and the Union Nationale Administration 11991:] (in French). McGill–Queen's Press – MQUP. 11600: 8270: 7671:. Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press. pp. 49, 61. 7283: 6431: 11535:. Montreal: Les Éditions Leméac. Archived from 10291: 9992:Cap-aux-Diamants: La revue d'histoire du Québec 9788: 9441:Nemni, Max; Nemni, Monique (October 17, 2011). 9214:. McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP. pp. 11–17. 8500:(in French). September 11, 1959. pp. 1, 10 6891:Cap-aux-Diamants: La revue d'histoire du Québec 6638:Cap-aux-Diamants: La revue d'histoire du Québec 5686:Cap-aux-Diamants: La revue d'histoire du Québec 3188:. There he met André Bessette (better known as 12276:Short biographical and bibliographical entries 11021: 11019: 9100:"L'imaginaire historique des jeunes Québécois" 8820:"Duplessis, Maurice: National Historic Person" 8459:(in French). September 8, 1959. pp. 1, 20 6918:"Reflections on Antisemitism in French Canada" 788:in 1913. He then returned to his home town of 13503: 12880: 12606: 12336: 10996: 10721:"Maurice Le Noblet Duplessis – Brunet, Émile" 9943:Le Québec en jeu: comprendre les grands défis 9829: 9205: 8709: 8658:Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec 7866: 7606:(PhD thesis). University of Ottawa (Canada). 7272:One of the most strident and cynical notes... 6628: 5819: 5711:Lesieur Désaulniers, François Sévère (1900). 3349:, photographed sometime between 1903 and 1914 3152: 2736:Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia 2082: 14414: 13466: 13408: 13361: 13347: 13338: 13309: 12360:Pelletier, Martin; Lévesque, Michel (2009). 12225:Maurice Duplessis's revenge – August 8, 1944 11644: 10803:"Recherche multicritères: Maurice Duplessis" 9758:Bernard, Jean-Philippe (November 14, 2019). 9745: 9366:. University of Toronto Press. p. 177. 9347: 8827:: Directory of Federal Heritage Designations 8304:. McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP. p. 253. 8185: 8136: 8124: 7502:"The Political Culture of Quebec, 1840–1960" 7475:Les Cahiers de lecture de l'Action nationale 5682:"L'énigme de la famille Le Noblet Duplessis" 5202:(1985), set in 1952, draws inspiration from 3455: 3325:showing the Collège Notre-Dame in Montreal, 1199:Joseph Le Noblet Duplessis Jr. (1820–1896), 1173:Joseph Le Noblet Duplessis Sr. (1795–1865), 928: 224:August 30, 1944 – September 7, 1959 75:August 30, 1944 – September 7, 1959 14952:European Conservatives and Reformists Party 11927:]. Montreal: Éditions Québec Amérique. 11722:The liberal society of Duplessis, 1944-1960 11546: 11016: 10517:"François Legault évoque l'Union nationale" 9420:. McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP. p. 41. 8775:(in French). Quebec City: Musée du Québec. 8716:Mémoires du livre / Studies in Book Culture 7408: 7284:Anctil, Pierre; Woodsworth, Judith (2021). 7184: 7110: 7084:Quebec Women and Legislative Representation 7051: 7036: 7009: 6740: 6728: 6716: 6689: 6677: 6665: 6650: 6611: 6599: 6338: 6326: 6259: 4838:, a left-populist American politician from 3931:. It granted Duplessis, in his capacity as 3387:Maurice Duplessis in 1911, as a law student 465:November 7, 1932 – August 26, 1936 432:November 8, 1939 – August 30, 1944 420:Leader of the Official Opposition of Quebec 259:August 26, 1936 – November 8, 1939 157:August 26, 1936 – November 8, 1939 12887: 12873: 12613: 12599: 12099:(in French), National Film Board of Canada 11717:La société libérale duplessiste, 1944–1960 11601:Bourque, Gilles; Duchastel, Jules (1988). 11431:Maurice Duplessis: Powerbroker, Politician 11153:Current Biography: Who's News and Why 1948 10611:Library of the National Assembly of Quebec 9903: 9440: 9097: 8705: 8703: 7825: 7752: 6271: 5733:"Lignée canadienne de l'hon. M. Duplessis" 5399:Cathedral-Basilica of Notre-Dame de Québec 4909:, has been compared to Duplessis, and his 3159: 3145: 3031:Progressive Group for Independent Business 2849:Progressive Conservative Assoc. of Alberta 2721:Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba 2089: 2075: 855:failed as his campaigning on the issue of 343:February 23, 1937 – July 27, 1938 45: 15446: 12005: 11949: 11895: 11814: 11663: 10997:Everett-Green, Robert (January 8, 2016). 10960:"Des provinciaux et des procrastinateurs" 10902: 10890: 10878: 10670: 10643: 10593: 10194: 10153: 10066: 10024: 9941:. In Daigle, Gérard; Rocher, Guy (eds.). 9847: 9806: 9557: 9534: 9447:. McClelland & Stewart. p. 161. 9115: 9074:"La Grande Noirceur (the Great Darkness)" 9000: 8998: 8926: 8908: 8737: 8727: 8648:(in French). November 30, 1950. p. 1 8162: 8101: 8044: 7982: 7936: 7921: 7884: 7843: 7789:"Le duplessisme ou le populisme inachevé" 7709: 7499: 7202: 6974: 6933: 6872: 6849: 6808:"L'histoire du salaire minimum au Québec" 6770: 5978: 5946: 5944: 5942: 5541: 5484: 5310:Order of the Liberator General San Martín 5256:. A microbrewery called Dieu du Ciel! of 5236:, a former Parti Québécois member of the 4828: 4049:. It was a brainchild of such figures as 3912:, a research facility similar to Paris's 3862: 3741:and included some other figures, such as 3564:, leader of the Quebec Liberal Party and 2991:Citizens Centre for Freedom and Democracy 2839:Conservative Party of Quebec (historical) 2741:Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario 767:longest-serving premier in Quebec history 390:May 16, 1927 – September 7, 1959 301:July 7, 1938 – November 30, 1938 12037: 11925:The case for defending Maurice Duplessis 11896:Berthelot, Pierre (September 29, 2014). 11577: 11156:. New York: H.W. Wilson Co. p. 169. 10468: 10142:Revue d'histoire de l'Amérique française 9870: 9707:Bourque, Duchastel & Beauchemin 1994 9234: 9208:"The Duplessis interregnum: a conundrum" 9150: 9104:Revue d'histoire de l'Amérique française 8962: 8710:Livernois, Jonathan; Noël, Alex (2021). 8525:Revue d'histoire de l'Amérique française 7907: 7832:Revue d'histoire de l'Amérique française 7698:Revue d'histoire de l'Amérique française 7468: 7191:Revue d'histoire de l'Amérique française 7080: 6915: 6838:Revue d'histoire de l'Amérique française 6468:Revue d'histoire de l'Amérique française 5730: 5679: 5576: 5473:Revue d'histoire de l'Amérique française 5466: 5225:, made the abuses committed against the 5169: 5049:Person of National Historic Significance 4992:Société des amis de Maurice L. Duplessis 4275: 4255: 4190:, whom he equated to Communists and the 4151: 4138: 3974: 3901:in Quebec, and it also financed the new 3889:projects, such as the completion of the 3818: 3720: 3382: 2802:Progressive Conservative Party of Canada 2792:Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) 15719:Leaders of the Union Nationale (Quebec) 11864: 11497:]. Vol. 1–2. Montreal: Fides. 11488: 11354: 11323: 11214: 11202: 11166: 10926: 10851: 10646:"Les trésors du séminaire Saint-Joseph" 10644:Montpetit, Caroline (August 15, 2018). 10462: 10326: 10245:Orr, Graeme; Levy, Ron (January 2009). 10244: 10179:"La Grande Noirceur encore et toujours" 10176: 10048: 9906:1968 in Canada: a year and its legacies 9757: 9643: 9568: 9566: 9467: 9359: 9201: 9199: 9190: 9178: 9067: 9065: 9038: 9036: 9034: 9032: 9004: 8958: 8956: 8954: 8904: 8902: 8858: 8814: 8812: 8700: 8694: 8604: 8558:Turgeon, Alexandre (December 1, 2017). 8557: 8518: 8327: 8005: 7964: 7664: 7599: 7249: 7137: 6834:"Aspects de l'administration Duplessis" 6247: 6160: 6016: 5909: 5831: 5606: 5447:in the Legislative Council, broke ranks 5260:produces a variety of dark beer called 5188:Au nom du père, du fils et de Duplessis 5039:, which was released on the screens of 3964:French Canadians overwhelmingly opposed 2751:Progressive Conservative Party of Sask. 1946:Quebec North Shore and Labrador Railway 1332:Marie-Louise Descoteaux-Lefebvre (1826– 718:; April 20, 1890 – September 7, 1959), 331:Minister of Lands and Forests of Quebec 15651: 12620: 12374:from the original on February 13, 2011 12206:Les 30 journées qui ont fait le Québec 12089: 11787: 11765:. Montréal: Éditions Québec Amérique. 11517:(vol. 1: 1890–1944, vol. 2: 1944–1959) 11448: 11427: 11379:Failure of L'Action Libérale Nationale 10957: 10329:"Cold War: Othering on the Home Front" 10135: 10036: 9936: 9413: 9335: 9071: 9042: 8995: 8488: 8486: 8362: 8323: 8321: 8148: 8056: 7958: 7940: 7732: 7373: 7133: 7131: 6831: 6805: 6054: 6052: 6050: 5939: 5737:Le bulletin des recherches historiques 5401:on Wednesdays to pray to Saint Joseph. 4523:and was also an avid supporter of the 4513:National Museum of Fine Arts of Quebec 4239:Quebec's management of the budget was 3625:A Legislative Assembly session in the 3378: 3252:and a pioneer of farming in the area. 2971:Canadian Centre for Bio-Ethical Reform 2711:Conservative Party of British Columbia 1533: 1414: 1410: 1400: 1291: 1164: 1160: 12868: 12594: 12428: 12297: 11980: 11918: 11840:Duplessis: characteristics of his era 11375: 11296: 11267: 11225: 11167:Vigeant, Pierre (September 9, 1948). 11149: 10914: 10783:from the original on December 5, 2021 10475:Canadian Journal of Political Science 10404: 10217: 9603: 9517: 9479: 9386: 9138: 9017:from the original on October 22, 2017 8803: 8768: 8682: 8670: 8628: 8616: 8477: 8411: 8374: 8222: 8083: 8077: 7952: 7860: 7786: 7758: 7691: 7665:Clément, Dominique (March 31, 2016). 7587: 7546: 7506:Canadian Journal of Political Science 7462: 7237: 7063: 6956: 6884: 6793: 6752: 6704: 6629:Sarra-Bournet, Michel (Spring 2003). 6624: 6622: 6620: 6587: 6575: 6563: 6551: 6539: 6397: 6395: 6386: 6374: 6362: 6350: 6314: 6302: 6284:from the original on December 5, 2021 6235: 6220: 6208: 6196: 6184: 6172: 6148: 6136: 6124: 6109: 6097: 5972: 5933: 5921: 5897: 5885: 5873: 5858: 5843: 5667: 5625: 4398:of that city, officiated by Cardinal 3993:as after his surgery on strangulated 2746:Progressive Conservative Party of PEI 1612: 1602: 1598: 1586: 1577: 1567: 1551: 1541: 1537: 1521: 1513: 1503: 1491: 1481: 1477: 1465: 1454: 1444: 1432: 1422: 1418: 1386: 1376: 1364: 1354: 1350: 1338: 1331: 1321: 1309: 1299: 1295: 1279: 1253: 1243: 1230: 1220: 1216: 1204: 1198: 1188: 1172: 1168: 1114:, mayor of Trois-Rivières (1896–98), 713: 12458:Duplessis's Speeches from the Throne 12203:Three episodes from the documentary 11694: 11246: 10927:Turgeon, Alexandre (April 1, 2018). 10828:"Recherche multicritères: Duplessis" 10089: 9985: 9721: 9563: 9491: 9262:"Pour éclairer la "grande noirceur"" 9196: 9062: 9029: 8951: 8899: 8846: 8809: 8297: 8142: 7828:"Duplessis et l'idéologie dominante" 7819: 7780: 7685: 7658: 7558: 7552: 7439: 7326: 7138:Behiels, Michael (January 1, 1984). 7021: 6458: 6058: 5743: 5577:Vaugeois, Denis (October 23, 2010). 5537: 5535: 4548:Duplessis as the incarnation of the 4533: 3560:Louis-Alexandre Taschereau, MLA for 3437:as he was exempt from conscription. 2834:British Columbia Social Credit Party 2731:Progressive Conservative Party of NL 2726:Progressive Conservative Party of NB 1909:Post-World War II economic expansion 1717:Pre-premiership politics (1923-1935) 1063:Close relatives of Maurice Duplessis 907:, which Duplessis authored in 1937. 12531:Charles Ernest Gault (Conservative) 12429:Black, Conrad (December 17, 2020). 11981:Dumas, Alexandre (March 22, 2019). 11520: 11274:. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart. 11039:from the original on April 24, 2021 10683:Gélinas, Ferretti & Bédard 2010 10632:Gélinas, Ferretti & Bédard 2010 10450:(in Canadian French). March 9, 2007 10431:Gélinas, Ferretti & Bédard 2010 10414:Études canadiennes/Canadian Studies 10124:Gélinas, Ferretti & Bédard 2010 10013:Gélinas, Ferretti & Bédard 2010 9974:Gélinas, Ferretti & Bédard 2010 9734:Gélinas, Ferretti & Bédard 2010 9695:Gélinas, Ferretti & Bédard 2010 9683:Linteau, Durocher & Robert 1991 9604:Black, Conrad (February 26, 2021). 9494:"Conrad Black: A Scribe's Progress" 9387:Foran, Charles (October 19, 2010). 9151:Bélanger, Claude (September 2006). 9072:Dupuis, Serge (December 15, 2020). 8642:"L'Honorable M. Duplessis, parrain" 8483: 8443: 8318: 8264: 8259:Linteau, Durocher & Robert 1991 8235:Linteau, Durocher & Robert 1991 7626:Gélinas, Ferretti & Bédard 2010 7226:Linteau, Durocher & Robert 1991 7128: 7057: 6998:Linteau, Durocher & Robert 1991 6950: 6916:Robinson, Ira (December 31, 1969). 6825: 6799: 6746: 6413:from the original on April 26, 2021 6047: 5998:from the original on April 24, 2021 3051:True North Centre for Public Policy 13: 12568:Leader of the Opposition in Quebec 12538:Leader of the Opposition in Quebec 12413:Quebec Cultural Heritage Directory 12144:The times of Duplessis (1945–1959) 12083:connected with the opening of the 11958:]. Montreal: Éditions Boréal. 11672:]. Montreal: Québec/Amérique. 11382:. Montreal: McGill-Queen's Press. 11210:. Montreal: Harvest House Limited. 11032:Quebec Cultural Heritage Directory 10776:Quebec Cultural Heritage Directory 9650:Vingtième Siècle. Revue d'histoire 8619:, p. 132, 142, 221, 271, 660. 7422:"Duplessis: A product of his time" 7250:Knowles, Valerie (March 5, 2016). 6631:"Maurice Duplessis entre en scène" 6617: 6521:from the original on April 3, 2015 6392: 6022: 5991:Quebec Cultural Heritage Directory 5714:Les vieilles familles d'Yamachiche 5649:from the original on June 11, 2010 5267: 5252:!", in protest against the use of 4954:was created in 1960 from parts of 4295:in 1948, can be seen to the right. 4166:talented campaign managers led by 3755:Programme de restauration sociale, 3649:, his ally and long-time MLA from 3537:Quebec politics of 1920s and 1930s 3367:Montreal branch, now known as the 3223:in order to pursue his study in a 3079:Conservatism in the United Kingdom 2976:Canadian Coalition for Democracies 2674:Christian Heritage Party of Canada 1951:Office de l'électrification rurale 14: 15775: 15709:Canadian political party founders 15704:Conservative Party of Quebec MNAs 12451: 12014:]. Quebec City: Septentrion. 11921:À la défense de Maurice Duplessis 11836:Duplessis: son milieu, son époque 11657:Université du Québec à Chicoutimi 11253:. Copp Clark Publishing Company. 10099:Université du Québec à Chicoutimi 7668:Human Rights in Canada: A History 7563:. In Richardson, James T. (ed.). 7448:La pub de Duplessis enfin décodée 6508: 5673: 5532: 5314:Ordre national du mérite agricole 5029:, and, six years later, he was a 4129:Second to fifth terms (1944-1959) 3971:Return to the Official Opposition 3809:Ascendancy of the Union Nationale 3640:Leader of the Official Opposition 3084:Conservatism in the United States 1884:Harassment of Jehovah's Witnesses 1799:Return to the Official Opposition 1705: 806:leader of the Official Opposition 12894: 12847: 12836: 12835: 12821: 12363:L'Union nationale: bibliographie 12344:Dictionary of Canadian Biography 12122:Two series from the documentary 11160: 11143: 11118: 11097: 11076: 11051: 10990: 10951: 10845: 10832:Commission de toponymie - Quebec 10820: 10807:Commission de toponymie - Quebec 10795: 10763: 10738: 10713: 10688: 10637: 10599: 10561: 10535: 10509: 10436: 10398: 10372: 10320: 10285: 10238: 10211: 10170: 10129: 10101:. pp. 15–16. Archived from 10083: 10042: 9979: 9930: 9897: 9875:. Montréal: Boréal. p. 56. 9864: 9823: 9782: 9751: 9637: 9597: 9511: 9485: 9434: 9407: 9380: 9353: 9292: 9254: 9235:Durocher, René (July 30, 2013). 9228: 9144: 9091: 9005:Authier, Philip (May 22, 1999). 8852: 8762: 8634: 8551: 8512: 8417: 8380: 8291: 8191: 8188:, p. 192, 230–238, 251–254. 8050: 8011: 7901: 7726: 7593: 7493: 7414: 7367: 7320: 7277: 7243: 5501: 5459: 5450: 5143: 5127: 5115: 5103: 5091: 5079: 5067: 4973:in the northeastern part of the 4940: 4635: 4622: 4604: 4585: 4568: 4365: 4350: 4332: 4040: 4026:Montreal Light, Heat & Power 3634: 3618: 3596: 3573: 3553: 3541: 3356: 3338: 3314: 3219:In 1902, Duplessis moved to the 3126: 3114: 2579:Canada and the Canadian Question 2122: 2062: 1667: 1514: 1387: 1254: 1127: 1104: 1079: 1067: 686: 15734:Canadian people of World War II 14972:International Monarchist League 12313:Canadian Historical Association 11495:Maurice Duplessis and his times 11232:. University of Toronto Press. 10444:"Duplessis et Lesage revisités" 9632:Gagnon & Sarra-Bournet 1997 9324:Gagnon & Sarra-Bournet 1997 9287:Gagnon & Sarra-Bournet 1997 9268:(in French). September 28, 2010 8865:Histoire sociale/Social history 8431:(in French). September 10, 1959 8328:Guttman, Frank (May 24, 2007). 8279:, Historica Foundation, Toronto 8247:Gagnon & Sarra-Bournet 1997 7469:Panneton, Jean-Charles (2012). 7178: 7123:Gagnon & Sarra-Bournet 1997 7074: 6909: 6878: 6502: 6452: 6425: 6265: 5731:Lefebvre, Jean-Jacques (1961). 5437: 5428: 5419: 5404: 5387: 5378: 5369: 5360: 4519:. However, he was a fan of the 4441: 4338:Remembering "Le Chef" Duplessis 3796:to capitalize on this victory. 3777:companies under state control. 3391: 863:propelled him back to power in 754:, Duplessis and his party, the 12339:"Duplessis, Maurice le Noblet" 12337:Sarra-Bournet, Michel (2009). 11491:Maurice Duplessis et son temps 10854:"Tremblay, traducteur lauréat" 10263:10.1080/10854659.2009.10854659 10136:Warren, Jean-Philippe (2014). 9830:Sarra-Bournet, Michel (2015). 9492:Galt, George (December 2007). 9390:Mordecai: The Life & Times 8494:"Ultime homage à M. Duplessis" 8273:"Duplessis, Maurice Le Noblet" 7908:Rousseau, Jean-Romain (1967). 7867:Sarra-Bournet, Michel (2007). 7327:Beer, Max (December 3, 2007). 5631: 5570: 5343: 5334: 4929:from the definition of who is 3493:minister of customs and excise 3257:electoral statistics of Quebec 1974:Legacy and cultural references 1806:Second premiership (1944-1959) 1037:Louis-François Richer Laflèche 982:Legislative Assembly of Quebec 374:Legislative Assembly of Quebec 1: 15744:Right-wing populism in Canada 15729:Right-wing politics in Canada 15714:Union Nationale (Quebec) MNAs 15679:Université de Montréal alumni 12347:. Vol. XVIII (1951–1960) 12096:Québec: Duplessis et après... 12051:National Film Board of Canada 12006:Berthelot, Pierre B. (2021). 11819:. Montreal: Éditions Boréal. 11547:Saint-Aubin, Bernard (1979). 11196: 10469:Bélanger, D. C. (June 2017). 10327:Kagedan, Allan Laine (2020). 10055:Bulletin d'histoire politique 9836:Bulletin d'histoire politique 9523:Bulletin d'histoire politique 9414:Webber, Jeremy H. A. (1994). 9393:. Knopf Canada. p. 268. 8298:Mann, Susan (July 30, 2002). 8073:– via Internet Archive. 8060:Police et politique au Québec 7971:Bulletin d'histoire politique 7873:Bulletin d'histoire politique 7287:History of the Jews in Quebec 6806:Ledoux, Denis (Autumn 2010). 5579:"La Grande Noirceur inventée" 5525: 5509:Boucher-De Niverville Mansion 5297:(law, 1956), as well as from 5027:National Film Board of Canada 4903:Action démocratique du Québec 4630:, a CBC report, 1999 (2m 51s) 3897:. This cabinet saw the first 3671:Lieutenant Governor of Quebec 3470:1931 Quebec general elections 3326: 2981:Canadian Taxpayers Federation 2829:Action démocratique du Québec 2812:Social Credit Party of Canada 1845:Fight for provincial autonomy 1749:First premiership (1936-1939) 1333: 1150:Ancestry of Maurice Duplessis 1141:, uncle of Maurice Duplessis. 1122:, uncle of Maurice Duplessis. 958: 885:cracking down on trade unions 869:the general trend of the time 800:, but managed to get elected 14967:International Democrat Union 12139:Finally, the war (1929–1945) 11950:Livernois, Jonathan (2018). 11873:]. Quebec: Septentrion. 11842:]. Quebec: Septentrion. 11615:. Montreal: Boreal Express. 11555:]. Montreal: La Presse. 11482: 11434:. Montreal: XYZ Publishing. 11355:Behiels, Michael D. (1985). 9098:Létourneau, Jocelyn (1988). 9043:Fraser, Graham (June 2021). 7826:Desrosiers, Richard (1971). 7766:Economic History Association 6059:Swan, George Steven (1984). 4687:The Theory of the Negro King 4357:Les funérailles de Duplessis 4080:1942 conscription plebiscite 4024:from the nationalization of 3815:1936 Quebec general election 3786:that year's federal election 3717:1935 Quebec general election 3489:Three Rivers and St. Maurice 2986:Catholic Civil Rights League 2716:Conservative Party of Quebec 2679:Conservative Party of Canada 2599:Who Killed Canadian History? 1722:Conservative Party of Quebec 1552:John MacCallum (1795–1864), 1231:Marie-Rose Caron (1797–1866) 953: 669:Université Laval de Montréal 639:Conservative Party of Quebec 7: 14982:Tradition, Family, Property 12841:Category:Premiers of Quebec 12368:National Assembly of Quebec 12291:National Assembly of Quebec 12008:Duplessis est encore en vie 11815:Rouillard, Jacques (2004). 11645:Vaillancourt, Yves (1988). 11428:Paulin, Marguerite (2005). 11376:Dirks, Patricia G. (1991). 10860:(in French) (56): 103–107. 10573:National Assembly of Quebec 10341:10.1007/978-3-030-52444-9_6 10049:Turgeon, Alexandre (2013). 9644:Meunier, E.-Martin (2016). 9360:Hueglin, Thomas O. (2021). 8909:Rouillard, Jacques (2019). 8859:Turgeon, Alexandre (2019). 8519:Turgeon, Alexandre (2013). 8237:, p. 185-186, 198–209. 8157:(in French) (68): 169–247. 7185:Granatstein, J. L. (1973). 7144:Journal of Canadian Studies 6515:National Assembly of Quebec 6403:"Action libérale nationale" 6272:Desjardins, Joseph (1902). 5960:National Assembly of Quebec 5643:National Assembly of Quebec 5639:"Nérée Le Noblet Duplessis" 4964:Boulevard Maurice-Duplessis 4215:federal-provincial programs 4163:strong economic performance 3824:Le catéchisme des électeurs 3347:Séminaire de Trois-Rivières 3221:Séminaire de Trois-Rivières 3021:National Citizens Coalition 3016:Montreal Economic Institute 2684:Libertarian Party of Canada 2049:Boulevard Maurice-Duplessis 1700: 1393:Maurice Le Noblet Duplessis 897:such as Jehovah's Witnesses 861:Conscription Crisis of 1944 776:, a lawyer who served as a 701:Maurice Le Noblet Duplessis 566:Maurice Le Noblet Duplessis 289:Minister of Roads of Quebec 10: 15780: 15689:People from Trois-Rivières 15354:Traditionalist Catholicism 12237:Les Orphelins de Duplessis 12183:Les Orphelins de Duplessis 11664:Pelletier, Réjean (1989). 11324:Aranoff, Susan B. (1984). 11297:Quinn, Herbert F. (1979). 11226:Quinn, Herbert F. (1963). 11208:The True Face of Duplessis 10958:Jarosz, Krzysztof (2015). 10771:"Maison Maurice-Duplessis" 10386:(in French). July 11, 2002 9939:"La Révolution tranquille" 9937:Rejean, Pelletier (1992). 9007:"Duplessis, warts and all" 8969:Recherches Sociographiques 8564:Canadian Historical Review 7965:Bernier, Emmanuel (2021). 7426:Canadian Museum of History 7374:Abella, Irving M. (1986). 6887:"Le cadenas sur la porte!" 5223:Les Orphelins de Duplessis 5047:designated Duplessis as a 5023:Québec: Duplessis et après 4756: 4648: 4302:Iron Ore Company of Canada 4132: 3866: 3812: 3788:, and Taschereau called a 3710: 3682:Canada's economy declining 3497:Louis-Alexandre Taschereau 3459: 3395: 3186:Congregation of Holy Cross 3171: 2996:Focus on the Family Canada 2797:Liberal-Conservative Party 1793:opposition to conscription 1772:Great Depression in Canada 1613:Flavie Raymond (1804–1877) 1527: 1412: 1285: 1162: 903:were persecuted under the 487:Télesphore-Damien Bouchard 443:Télesphore-Damien Bouchard 212:Attorney General of Quebec 15630: 15439: 15379: 15300: 14990: 14942: 14935: 14600: 14333: 14326: 14287: 14201: 14144: 14135: 14034: 14009: 13957: 13917: 13908: 13767: 13688: 13610: 13551: 13516: 13499:Italian school of elitism 13479: 13384: 13300: 13291: 13227: 13199: 13176: 13134: 13084: 13056: 13016: 13007: 12911: 12902: 12830: 12819: 12628: 12576:Adélard Godbout (Liberal) 12572: 12565: 12557: 12547: 12535: 12527: 12522: 12512: 12502: 12496: 12488: 12482:Quebec Conservative Party 12478: 12470: 12465: 12436:The Canadian Encyclopedia 12366:. Quebec: Library of the 11578:Boismenu, Gérard (1981). 11059:"Doctorats honoris causa" 10487:10.1017/S0008423917000555 10304:10.3138/9781442673045-008 10218:Frost, Catherine (2006). 10092:"La Prochaine Révolution" 9871:Bouchard, Gérard (2001). 9573:Dumas, Alexandre (2019). 9518:Dumas, Alexandre (2021). 9498:Literary Review of Canada 9241:The Canadian Encyclopedia 9078:The Canadian Encyclopedia 9049:Literary Review of Canada 8963:Bouchard, Gérard (2005). 8277:The Canadian Encyclopedia 8271:Black, Conrad M. (2011). 7692:Dumas, Alexandre (2016). 7567:. Springer. p. 425. 7518:10.1017/S0008423900027992 7500:Heintzman, Ralph (1983). 7345:10.1007/s12144-007-9017-3 7298:Press. pp. 211–213. 7087:. UBC Press. p. 42. 7064:Dumas, Alexandre (2016). 6832:Genest, Jean-Guy (1971). 5680:Tremblay, Sylvie (1990). 5645:(in French). March 2009. 5542:Stevenson, Garth (1999). 5190:, and a TV series called 4634: 4621: 4616: 4603: 4584: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4364: 4349: 4344: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4064:, the editor-in-chief of 3891:Montreal Botanical Garden 3713:Action libérale nationale 3706:Action libérale nationale 3456:First electoral successes 2761:United Conservative Party 1765:Action libérale nationale 1600: 1592: 1561: 1539: 1535: 1519:Berthe Genest (1861–1921) 1497: 1479: 1471: 1462:(clerk) of Trois-Rivières 1438: 1420: 1416: 1370: 1352: 1344: 1315: 1297: 1293: 1266:Diocese of Trois-Rivières 1260:Nérée Le Noblet Duplessis 1237: 1218: 1210: 1182: 1166: 1041:Diocese of Trois-Rivières 974:Nérée Le Noblet Duplessis 963: 818:Action libérale nationale 694: 682: 674: 662: 645: 632: 622: 604: 585: 561: 556: 552: 533: 521: 510: 491: 481: 469: 458: 448: 436: 425: 418: 406: 394: 383: 371: 359: 347: 336: 329: 317: 305: 294: 287: 275: 263: 252: 240: 228: 217: 210: 200: 190: 180: 161: 150: 138: 126: 100: 79: 68: 60: 56: 44: 25: 15749:Canadian anti-communists 15694:Canadian Roman Catholics 15519:Catholic social teaching 12561:T.-D. Bouchard (Liberal) 12551:T.-D. Bouchard (Liberal) 12466:Party political offices 12012:Duplessis is still alive 11788:Hébert, Jacques (2000). 11521:Roy, Jean-Louis (1976). 11489:Rumilly, Robert (1973). 11449:Geloso, Vincent (2017). 11361:. McGill-Queen's Press. 11215:Roberts, Leslie (1963). 11191: 10405:Boily, Frederic (2009). 10221:Morality and nationalism 10177:Bourque, Gilles (2018). 8392:University of Sherbrooke 8149:Harvey, Fernand (2014). 7923:10.31274/rtd-180813-7762 7787:Boily, Frédéric (2002). 7081:Tremblay, Manon (2010). 6935:10.25071/1916-0925.39911 6407:University of Sherbrooke 5327: 5295:Université de Sherbrooke 5209:The Government Inspector 5152:Maurice Duplessis Bridge 4574:Battle of the historians 4372:La revue de l'année 1959 4084:Catholic social teaching 4032:suggested that it was a 3790:snap provincial election 3423:Superior Court of Quebec 2689:People's Party of Canada 2629:The Case for Colonialism 2104:This article is part of 1676:This article is part of 1029:Louis-Philippe Pelletier 270:Charles-Auguste Bertrand 15469:Conservative liberalism 14957:European People's Party 12678:Boucher de Boucherville 12643:Boucher de Boucherville 12392:Encyclopédie de l'Agora 12298:Jones, Richard (2000). 11865:Lavigne, Alain (2012). 11759:and the liberal society 11755:Duplessis: between the 11553:Duplessis and his epoch 11549:Duplessis et son époque 10852:Brisset, Annie (1990). 8772:La collection Duplessis 8008:, p. 7, 25, 43–47. 7549:, p. 11-12, 14–15. 7228:, p. 258-259, 268. 6885:Jones, Richard (1985). 5751:"CANADA: Duplessis Out" 5467:Durocher, René (1977). 4911:Coalition Avenir Québec 4713:(great silence) and of 4675:La théorie du roi nègre 4628:Re-evaluating Duplessis 4196:Supreme Court of Canada 3363:A postcard showing the 3184:, which was run by the 3133:Conservatism portal 3074:Common Sense Revolution 2966:Campaign Life Coalition 2706:Coalition Avenir Québec 2701:British Columbia United 1112:Richard-Stanislas Cooke 15764:Antisemitism in Quebec 15754:Antisemitism in Canada 15724:Conservatism in Canada 14962:Identity and Democracy 14415: 13504: 13467: 13409: 13362: 13348: 13339: 13310: 12119:by Denys Arcand (1978) 11919:Lemay, Martin (2016). 11912:Université de Montréal 11459:: Palgrave Macmillan. 11268:Black, Conrad (1977). 11247:Nish, Cameron (1970). 11112:University of Montreal 9986:Jean, Michèle (2006). 9724:, p. 13, 155–171. 8090:L'Actualité économique 7733:Seljak, David (1996). 7600:Bourrie, Mark (2009). 7559:Côté, Pauline (2004). 6963:Sociologie et sociétés 6957:David, Hélène (1975). 6815:Régards sur le Travail 6759:L'Actualité économique 6459:Arès, Richard (1982). 6446:10.13140/2.1.4869.7120 5179: 5004:Charbonneau et le Chef 4872:nationalism in Ireland 4829:Attempts at comparison 4404:Archbishop of Montreal 4296: 4261: 4201:Roncarelli v Duplessis 4157: 4149: 4146:resisting conscription 4070:, and centered around 4002:granted women suffrage 3980: 3948:Germany invaded Poland 3946:On September 1, 1939, 3863:First term (1936–1939) 3834: 3761:as an alternative for 3747:Joseph-Ernest Grégoire 3726: 3651:Montréal–Saint-Georges 3530: 3477:Louis-Philippe Mercier 3388: 3369:Université de Montréal 3290:Université de Montréal 3261:Joseph-Arthur Barrette 2807:Reform Party of Canada 2291:United Empire Loyalist 2115:Conservatism in Canada 2015:Charbonneau et le Chef 1895:Roncarelli v Duplessis 1455:Laurent-Ubald Genest, 1025:Joseph-Mathias Tellier 929: 824:but gained a majority 492:70th President of the 401:Louis-Philippe Mercier 15622:Small-c conservatives 15534:Counter-revolutionary 15524:Conservative feminism 15416:Counter-Enlightenment 15371:Traditionalist School 12170:about the origins of 12085:Saint Lawrence Seaway 12038:Audiovisual materials 11790:Duplessis, non merci! 11307:University of Toronto 10858:Jeu: Revue de théâtre 9994:(in French) (84): 9. 9662:10.3917/ving.129.0043 8877:10.1353/his.2019.0051 8769:Karel, David (1991). 8429:Le Clairon Maskoutain 7914:Iowa State University 7793:Politique et Sociétés 7000:, p. 5, 93, 108. 5173: 5150:The interior part of 4999:Jean-Jacques Bertrand 4923:Gabriel Nadeau-Dubois 4757:Further information: 4709:was also a period of 4672:penned an editorial, 4649:Further information: 4580:, CBC, 1974 (22m 44s) 4279: 4259: 4241:fiscally conservative 4155: 4142: 3978: 3867:Further information: 3822: 3724: 3608:Montréal–Sainte-Marie 3525: 3431:Canadian Armed Forces 3412:Bar of Trois-Rivières 3386: 2926:The Dorchester Review 2034:Duplessis (TV series) 1994:The Negro-King theory 1043:, where he worked as 1017:Louis-Olivier Taillon 853:snap election in 1939 711:French pronunciation: 498:Bar of Trois-Rivières 185:Ésioff-Léon Patenaude 15492:Anti-gender movement 15396:Bourbon Restauration 13649:National Catholicism 13364:Révolution nationale 13329:Integral nationalism 12408:"Duplessis, Maurice" 12152:Les Bâtisseurs d'eau 11792:. Montréal: Boréal. 11150:Rothe, Anna (1949). 11027:"Duplessis, Maurice" 10575:. September 15, 2021 10549:. September 15, 2021 9770:(in Canadian French) 9313:on October 18, 2016. 9158:Marianopolis College 8084:Dupré, Ruth (1988). 8057:Tardif, Guy (1974). 7759:Emery, Herb (2017). 7296:University of Ottawa 6753:Dupré, Ruth (1988). 6578:, p. 61, 71–73. 5986:"Duplessis, Maurice" 5757:. November 6, 1939. 5357:on French Wiktionary 4723:seditious conspiracy 4511:, are stored in the 4396:Assumption Cathedral 4282:Saint Louis Cemetery 3667:Henry George Carroll 3647:Charles Ernest Gault 3269:member of Parliament 3237:Saint Thomas Aquinas 3036:REAL Women of Canada 1967:Autoroutes of Quebec 1841:Autonomism in Quebec 1135:William-Pierre Grant 1039:, the bishop of the 865:that year's election 830:Quebec Liberal Party 782:Legislative Assembly 609:Saint-Louis Cemetery 476:Charles Ernest Gault 15634:Conservatism portal 15598:Right-wing politics 15337:Jewish conservatism 15310:Christian democracy 14557:Social institutions 14363:Collective identity 14358:Class collaboration 14166:Clerico-nationalism 13715:Muscular liberalism 13048:Neoauthoritarianism 12431:"Maurice Duplessis" 12388:"Duplessis Maurice" 12216:, 2000, in French: 12135:(1997), in French: 12079:– the visit of the 11695:Dion, Léon (1993). 11331:Columbia University 10725:Collections | MNBAQ 10700:Collections | MNBAQ 10613:. December 18, 1959 10251:Griffith Law Review 10090:Dion, Léon (1978). 9045:"Alive and Kicking" 8646:Progrès du Saguenay 8576:10.3138/chr.98.4.rn 8155:Les Cahiers des dix 7628:, p. 219, 230. 7612:10.20381/ruor-13180 7156:10.3138/jcs.18.4.45 5322:Order of Saint John 5299:Bishop's University 4988:Joseph-Émile Brunet 4980:Parliament Building 4880:Joh Bjelke-Petersen 4489:Cornelius Krieghoff 4230:economic liberalism 4188:Jehovah's Witnesses 4168:Joseph-Damase Bégin 4096:Cardinal Villeneuve 3986:Joseph-Damase Bégin 3880:provincial autonomy 3802:first-past-the-post 3704:Coalition with the 3379:Entry into politics 3244:, one of the first 3011:Mackenzie Institute 2960:Other organizations 2907:The Post Millennial 2859:Upper Canada Tories 2589:Lament for a Nation 2296:Upper Canada Tories 2211:Economic liberalism 2161:Social conservatism 2149:Right-wing populism 2144:Clerico-nationalism 1860:Natural gas scandal 1849:Tremblay Commission 1089:, president of the 1057:reelection campaign 889:provincial autonomy 877:economic liberalism 763:provincial politics 366:John Samuel Bourque 181:Lieutenant Governor 101:Lieutenant Governor 15739:Populism in Canada 15674:Premiers of Quebec 15554:LGBTQ conservatism 15507:Black conservatism 15421:German Romanticism 15411:Conservative Order 15401:Congress of Vienna 14977:Muslim Brotherhood 14823:Corrêa de Oliveira 14522:Organized religion 14451:Complementarianism 13538:National Democracy 12648:Joly de Lotbinière 12622:Premiers of Quebec 12523:Political offices 12125:Épopée en Amérique 12115:, a seven-episode 11003:The Globe and Mail 10933:Bridgewater Review 10905:, p. 299-300. 10685:, p. 366-388. 10634:, p. 389-396. 9764:d'Alexandre Dumas" 9237:"Quiet Revolution" 8806:, p. 613-614. 8739:20.500.11794/68899 8673:, p. 664-665. 8414:, p. 683-686. 8377:, p. 681-682. 8261:, p. 147-149. 8249:, p. 209-210. 8139:, p. 595-598. 7333:Current Psychology 7113:, p. 145-147. 7039:, p. 142-143. 6743:, p. 129-130. 6509:Blais, Christian. 6034:archives.ssj.qc.ca 5820:Sarra-Bournet 2009 5303:University of Caen 5184:Andrée Yanacopoulo 5180: 5033:for the TV series 4975:Island of Montreal 4697:(Great Darkness). 4521:Montreal Canadiens 4297: 4262: 4158: 4150: 4086:, corporatism and 4034:political campaign 3990:Hormisdas Langlais 3981: 3899:Ministry of Health 3840:Quebec Legislature 3835: 3727: 3698:federal government 3693:overcapitalization 3389: 3178:Collège Notre-Dame 3099:Alberta separatism 3089:Western alienation 3056:Voice of Canadians 2778:Historical parties 2756:Saskatchewan Party 2402:Bennett (W. A. C.) 2216:Limited government 1985:Opposition press ( 1782:Switzman v Elbling 1137:, Liberal MLA for 1021:Edmund James Flynn 826:the following year 15684:Lawyers in Quebec 15659:Maurice Duplessis 15646: 15645: 15529:Conservative wave 15482: 15481: 15406:Concert of Europe 15342:Religious Zionism 15296: 15295: 14931: 14930: 14368:Cultural heritage 14341:Ancestral worship 14322: 14321: 14283: 14282: 14131: 14130: 13949:Orthodox Peronism 13904: 13903: 13404:Historical School 13287: 13286: 12862: 12861: 12588: 12582: 12581: 12573:Succeeded by 12548:Succeeded by 12513:Succeeded by 12489:Succeeded by 12021:978-2-89791-224-6 11998:978-0-7735-5745-1 11965:978-2-7646-2547-7 11934:978-2-7644-3069-9 11880:978-2-89448-688-7 11849:978-2-89448-625-2 11826:978-2-7646-0307-9 11542:on July 20, 2018. 11466:978-3-319-49950-5 11457:Cham, Switzerland 11399:Quebec since 1930 11389:978-0-7735-0831-6 11368:978-0-7735-6095-6 11260:978-0-7730-3114-2 11239:978-0-8020-6040-2 11091:McGill University 10976:10.7202/1030205ar 10893:, p. 292-95. 10750:Collections MNBAQ 10547:CTV News Montreal 10350:978-3-030-52443-2 10313:978-1-4426-7304-5 10231:978-0-203-08617-9 10196:10.7202/1066260ar 10155:10.7202/1030040ar 10068:10.7202/1015329ar 9952:978-2-7606-3491-6 9915:978-0-7766-3661-0 9849:10.7202/1033393ar 9808:10.7202/1066261ar 9746:Vaillancourt 1988 9536:10.7202/1084748ar 9454:978-0-7710-5126-5 9427:978-0-7735-1146-0 9400:978-0-307-37602-2 9373:978-1-4426-3647-7 9348:Vaillancourt 1988 9221:978-0-7735-3890-0 8928:10.7202/1060817ar 8782:978-2-551-12600-2 8729:10.7202/1077809ar 8537:10.7202/1026615ar 8349:978-0-595-84678-8 8336:Bloomington, Ind. 8311:978-0-7735-7031-3 8186:Vaillancourt 1988 8164:10.7202/1029294ar 8137:Vaillancourt 1988 8125:Vaillancourt 1988 8070:978-0-88532-003-5 8031:978-1-4426-3557-9 7984:10.7202/1084746ar 7943:, pp. 29–35. 7886:10.7202/1054590ar 7711:10.7202/1036514ar 7678:978-1-77112-164-4 7651:978-2-7621-2636-5 7574:978-0-306-47886-4 7305:978-0-7766-2951-3 7267:978-1-4597-3287-2 7094:978-0-7748-5905-9 6365:, p. 59, 97. 5846:, p. 15, 23. 5555:978-0-7735-6775-7 5291:McGill University 5238:National Assembly 5227:Duplessis Orphans 5200:Le gars de Québec 5163:Villebois, Quebec 5138:region of Quebec. 4982:, and also since 4952:provincial riding 4937:" Nadeau-Dubois. 4870:in comparing the 4794:liberal democracy 4784:Quebec Since 1930 4647: 4646: 4534:Historical debate 4505:Cornelis Springer 4455:to a daughter of 4449:Château Frontenac 4406:, and Archbishop 4379: 4378: 4117:la belle province 4103:conspiracy theory 4055:Georges Pelletier 3914:Pasteur Institute 3612:mayor of Montreal 3566:premier of Quebec 3513:Mayor of Montreal 3225:classical college 3169: 3168: 3121:Canada portal 2787:Canadian Alliance 2639:12 Rules for Life 2467:Manning (Preston) 2099: 2098: 2045:provincial riding 2028:Duplessis Orphans 1871:Salvas Commission 1693: 1692: 1685:Maurice Duplessis 1657: 1656: 1653: 1652: 1584: 1555: 1463: 1398: 1397:photographed 1907 1277: 1202: 1176: 925:Duplessis Orphans 728:premier of Quebec 715:[dyplɛsi] 698: 697: 590:September 7, 1959 63:Premier of Quebec 51:Duplessis in 1947 32:Maurice Duplessis 15771: 15603:Authoritarianism 15464:Communitarianism 15459:Clerical fascism 15444: 15443: 15320:Theoconservatism 14940: 14939: 14743:Kuehnelt-Leddihn 14552:Social hierarchy 14537:Private property 14420: 14331: 14330: 14142: 14141: 13925:Federal Peronism 13915: 13914: 13599:Pochvennichestvo 13576:Black-hundredism 13509: 13494:Historical Right 13472: 13414: 13367: 13353: 13344: 13315: 13312:Action Française 13298: 13297: 13014: 13013: 12909: 12908: 12889: 12882: 12875: 12866: 12865: 12851: 12839: 12838: 12825: 12615: 12608: 12601: 12592: 12591: 12585: 12558:Preceded by 12528:Preceded by 12497:Preceded by 12471:Preceded by 12463: 12462: 12447: 12445: 12443: 12425: 12423: 12421: 12403: 12401: 12399: 12383: 12381: 12379: 12356: 12354: 12352: 12333: 12332:on June 1, 2019. 12331: 12325:. 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Clarke, Irwin. 11211: 11185: 11184: 11182: 11180: 11164: 11158: 11157: 11147: 11141: 11140: 11138: 11136: 11122: 11116: 11115: 11109: 11101: 11095: 11094: 11088: 11080: 11074: 11073: 11071: 11069: 11063:Université Laval 11055: 11049: 11048: 11046: 11044: 11023: 11014: 11013: 11011: 11009: 10994: 10988: 10987: 10955: 10949: 10948: 10924: 10918: 10912: 10906: 10900: 10894: 10888: 10882: 10876: 10870: 10869: 10849: 10843: 10842: 10840: 10838: 10824: 10818: 10817: 10815: 10813: 10799: 10793: 10792: 10790: 10788: 10767: 10761: 10760: 10758: 10756: 10742: 10736: 10735: 10733: 10731: 10717: 10711: 10710: 10708: 10706: 10692: 10686: 10680: 10674: 10668: 10662: 10661: 10659: 10657: 10641: 10635: 10629: 10623: 10622: 10620: 10618: 10603: 10597: 10591: 10585: 10584: 10582: 10580: 10565: 10559: 10558: 10556: 10554: 10539: 10533: 10532: 10530: 10528: 10523:. April 10, 2014 10513: 10507: 10506: 10466: 10460: 10459: 10457: 10455: 10440: 10434: 10433:, p. 95-97. 10428: 10422: 10421: 10411: 10402: 10396: 10395: 10393: 10391: 10376: 10370: 10369: 10367: 10365: 10324: 10318: 10317: 10289: 10283: 10282: 10242: 10236: 10235: 10215: 10209: 10208: 10198: 10174: 10168: 10167: 10157: 10148:(3–4): 403–420. 10133: 10127: 10126:, p. 76-97. 10121: 10115: 10114: 10112: 10110: 10105:on July 19, 2018 10096: 10087: 10081: 10080: 10070: 10046: 10040: 10039:, p. 29-35. 10034: 10028: 10027:, p. 12-15. 10022: 10016: 10015:, p. 285-6. 10010: 10004: 10003: 9983: 9977: 9971: 9965: 9964: 9934: 9928: 9927: 9901: 9895: 9894: 9868: 9862: 9861: 9851: 9827: 9821: 9820: 9810: 9786: 9780: 9779: 9777: 9775: 9768:Histoire Engagée 9755: 9749: 9743: 9737: 9731: 9725: 9719: 9710: 9704: 9698: 9692: 9686: 9680: 9674: 9673: 9641: 9635: 9629: 9623: 9622: 9620: 9618: 9601: 9595: 9594: 9570: 9561: 9555: 9549: 9548: 9538: 9515: 9509: 9508: 9506: 9504: 9489: 9483: 9477: 9471: 9465: 9459: 9458: 9438: 9432: 9431: 9411: 9405: 9404: 9384: 9378: 9377: 9357: 9351: 9345: 9339: 9333: 9327: 9326:, p. 23-26. 9321: 9315: 9314: 9309:. Archived from 9296: 9290: 9289:, p. 19-22. 9284: 9278: 9277: 9275: 9273: 9258: 9252: 9251: 9249: 9247: 9232: 9226: 9225: 9203: 9194: 9188: 9182: 9176: 9170: 9169: 9167: 9165: 9148: 9142: 9136: 9130: 9129: 9119: 9117:10.7202/304616ar 9095: 9089: 9088: 9086: 9084: 9069: 9060: 9059: 9057: 9055: 9040: 9027: 9026: 9024: 9022: 9002: 8993: 8992: 8981:10.7202/012471ar 8960: 8949: 8948: 8930: 8906: 8897: 8896: 8871:(106): 400–403. 8856: 8850: 8844: 8838: 8837: 8835: 8833: 8816: 8807: 8801: 8795: 8794: 8766: 8760: 8759: 8741: 8731: 8707: 8698: 8692: 8686: 8685:, p. 683-4. 8680: 8674: 8668: 8662: 8661: 8655: 8653: 8638: 8632: 8626: 8620: 8614: 8608: 8602: 8596: 8595: 8555: 8549: 8548: 8516: 8510: 8509: 8507: 8505: 8490: 8481: 8475: 8469: 8468: 8466: 8464: 8447: 8441: 8440: 8438: 8436: 8421: 8415: 8409: 8403: 8402: 8400: 8398: 8384: 8378: 8372: 8366: 8360: 8354: 8353: 8325: 8316: 8315: 8295: 8289: 8288: 8286: 8284: 8268: 8262: 8256: 8250: 8244: 8238: 8232: 8226: 8225:, p. 85-86. 8220: 8214: 8213: 8211: 8209: 8195: 8189: 8183: 8177: 8176: 8166: 8146: 8140: 8134: 8128: 8122: 8116: 8115: 8105: 8103:10.7202/601470ar 8081: 8075: 8074: 8054: 8048: 8042: 8036: 8035: 8015: 8009: 8003: 7997: 7996: 7986: 7962: 7956: 7950: 7944: 7934: 7928: 7927: 7925: 7905: 7899: 7898: 7888: 7864: 7858: 7857: 7847: 7845:10.7202/303093ar 7823: 7817: 7816: 7805:10.7202/000481ar 7784: 7778: 7777: 7775: 7773: 7756: 7750: 7749: 7739: 7730: 7724: 7723: 7713: 7689: 7683: 7682: 7662: 7656: 7655: 7635: 7629: 7623: 7617: 7615: 7597: 7591: 7585: 7579: 7578: 7556: 7550: 7544: 7538: 7537: 7497: 7491: 7490: 7466: 7460: 7459: 7458: 7456: 7451:, March 28, 2021 7443: 7437: 7436: 7434: 7432: 7418: 7412: 7409:Saint-Aubin 1979 7406: 7400: 7399: 7371: 7365: 7364: 7339:(3–4): 191–205. 7324: 7318: 7317: 7281: 7275: 7274: 7247: 7241: 7235: 7229: 7223: 7217: 7216: 7206: 7204:10.7202/303231ar 7182: 7176: 7175: 7135: 7126: 7120: 7114: 7111:Saint-Aubin 1979 7108: 7099: 7098: 7078: 7072: 7071: 7061: 7055: 7052:Saint-Aubin 1979 7049: 7040: 7037:Saint-Aubin 1979 7034: 7025: 7019: 7013: 7010:Saint-Aubin 1979 7007: 7001: 6995: 6989: 6988: 6978: 6976:10.7202/001171ar 6954: 6948: 6947: 6937: 6913: 6907: 6906: 6882: 6876: 6870: 6864: 6863: 6853: 6851:10.7202/303094ar 6829: 6823: 6822: 6812: 6803: 6797: 6791: 6785: 6784: 6774: 6772:10.7202/601470ar 6750: 6744: 6741:Saint-Aubin 1979 6738: 6732: 6729:Saint-Aubin 1979 6726: 6720: 6717:Saint-Aubin 1979 6714: 6708: 6707:, p. 93-94. 6702: 6693: 6690:Saint-Aubin 1979 6687: 6681: 6678:Saint-Aubin 1979 6675: 6669: 6666:Saint-Aubin 1979 6663: 6654: 6651:Saint-Aubin 1979 6648: 6642: 6641: 6635: 6626: 6615: 6612:Saint-Aubin 1979 6609: 6603: 6600:Saint-Aubin 1979 6597: 6591: 6590:, p. 73-80. 6585: 6579: 6573: 6567: 6561: 6555: 6549: 6543: 6542:, p. 35-36. 6537: 6531: 6530: 6528: 6526: 6506: 6500: 6499: 6480:10.7202/304012ar 6465: 6456: 6450: 6449: 6429: 6423: 6422: 6420: 6418: 6399: 6390: 6384: 6378: 6372: 6366: 6360: 6354: 6353:, p. 26-28. 6348: 6342: 6339:Saint-Aubin 1979 6336: 6330: 6329:, p. 60,65. 6327:Saint-Aubin 1979 6324: 6318: 6317:, p. 50-52. 6312: 6306: 6300: 6294: 6293: 6291: 6289: 6278:Canadiana Online 6269: 6263: 6260:Saint-Aubin 1979 6257: 6251: 6245: 6239: 6238:, p. 32-33. 6233: 6224: 6223:, p. 33-34. 6218: 6212: 6206: 6200: 6199:, p. 31-32. 6194: 6188: 6187:, p. 30-31. 6182: 6176: 6170: 6164: 6158: 6152: 6146: 6140: 6139:, p. 23-24. 6134: 6128: 6127:, p. 22-23. 6122: 6113: 6107: 6101: 6100:, p. 17-18. 6095: 6089: 6088: 6056: 6045: 6044: 6042: 6040: 6026: 6020: 6014: 6008: 6007: 6005: 6003: 5982: 5976: 5970: 5964: 5963: 5948: 5937: 5931: 5925: 5919: 5913: 5907: 5901: 5900:, p. 16-17. 5895: 5889: 5888:, p. 15-16. 5883: 5877: 5871: 5862: 5856: 5847: 5841: 5835: 5829: 5823: 5817: 5774: 5773: 5771: 5769: 5747: 5741: 5740: 5728: 5722: 5721: 5719: 5708: 5702: 5701: 5677: 5671: 5665: 5659: 5658: 5656: 5654: 5635: 5629: 5623: 5610: 5609:, p. 14-15. 5604: 5595: 5594: 5592: 5590: 5574: 5568: 5567: 5539: 5519: 5517: 5505: 5499: 5498: 5488: 5486:10.7202/303636ar 5463: 5457: 5454: 5448: 5441: 5435: 5432: 5426: 5423: 5417: 5408: 5402: 5391: 5385: 5382: 5376: 5373: 5367: 5364: 5358: 5347: 5341: 5338: 5288: 5160: 5147: 5131: 5119: 5107: 5095: 5083: 5071: 5013: 4972: 4919:Québec solidaire 4907:François Legault 4773: 4759:Quiet Revolution 4749:Challenging the 4727:Gérard Pelletier 4719:Madeleine Parent 4683: 4670:André Laurendeau 4639: 4638: 4626: 4625: 4608: 4607: 4589: 4588: 4578:Léandre Bergeron 4572: 4571: 4555: 4554: 4525:New York Yankees 4436:Quiet Revolution 4428:election in June 4416:John Diefenbaker 4400:Paul-Émile Léger 4383:Order in Council 4369: 4368: 4354: 4353: 4336: 4335: 4319: 4318: 4293:order in council 4290: 4234:Asbestos in 1949 4176:malapportionment 4072:André Laurendeau 4063: 3933:Attorney General 3911: 3775:hydroelectricity 3678:Great Depression 3622: 3600: 3577: 3557: 3545: 3521:Antonio Barrette 3491:and the federal 3420: 3365:Université Laval 3360: 3342: 3331: 3328: 3318: 3305:model parliament 3298:Alfred Duranleau 3286:Université Laval 3161: 3154: 3147: 3131: 3130: 3129: 3119: 3118: 3117: 3046:Three Percenters 3001:Fraser Institute 2940:Western Standard 2920:Sun News Network 2654: 2644: 2634: 2624: 2614: 2604: 2594: 2584: 2462:Manning (Ernest) 2126: 2116: 2101: 2100: 2091: 2084: 2077: 2066: 2057: 2023: 2002: 1959: 1936: 1920:Montreal Cottons 1918:Labour strikes ( 1879: 1868: 1689: 1688: 1686: 1679: 1671: 1664: 1663: 1660: 1659: 1579: 1553: 1518: 1456: 1396: 1391: 1335: 1263: 1258: 1200: 1174: 1156: 1155: 1147: 1146: 1131: 1108: 1083: 1071: 947:Quiet Revolution 944: 941: 938: 934: 916:French Canadians 879:and implemented 849:old-age pensions 841:Great Depression 834:attorney general 717: 712: 708: 690: 618:, Trois-Rivières 617: 600:, Quebec, Canada 595: 593: 581:, Quebec, Canada 575: 573: 557:Personal details 548: 536: 524: 515: 506: 484: 472: 463: 451: 439: 430: 409: 397: 388: 362: 350: 341: 324:Anatole Carignan 320: 308: 299: 282:Wilfrid Girouard 278: 266: 257: 243: 231: 222: 203: 193: 155: 141: 129: 73: 49: 39: 23: 22: 15779: 15778: 15774: 15773: 15772: 15770: 15769: 15768: 15649: 15648: 15647: 15642: 15639:Politics portal 15626: 15478: 15435: 15381: 15375: 15315:Christian right 15292: 15218:Prat de la Riba 14986: 14927: 14596: 14542:Public morality 14512:Ordered liberty 14417:Noblesse oblige 14378:Culture of life 14373:Cultural values 14318: 14279: 14204: 14197: 14127: 14030: 14005: 13953: 13900: 13763: 13691: 13684: 13637:Carlo-francoism 13606: 13547: 13512: 13475: 13462:State Socialism 13380: 13350:Nouvelle Droite 13283: 13223: 13195: 13172: 13130: 13080: 13052: 13003: 12904: 12898: 12893: 12863: 12858: 12826: 12817: 12624: 12619: 12578: 12563: 12553: 12541: 12533: 12518: 12509: 12506:Union Nationale 12500: 12492: 12485: 12476: 12474:Camillien Houde 12454: 12441: 12439: 12419: 12417: 12406: 12397: 12395: 12386: 12377: 12375: 12350: 12348: 12329: 12323: 12304: 12281: 12278: 12247: 12208: 12185: 12154: 12127: 12102: 12100: 12073: 12071: 12064: 12056: 12054: 12049:(documentary), 12046:The Royal Visit 12043: 12040: 12022: 11999: 11966: 11935: 11907: 11881: 11850: 11827: 11800: 11773: 11762: 11757:Grande Noirceur 11732: 11706: 11680: 11640:on May 8, 2013. 11637: 11623: 11612: 11594: 11563: 11539: 11532: 11505: 11485: 11467: 11442: 11413: 11390: 11369: 11345: 11343: 11317: 11282: 11261: 11240: 11204:Laporte, Pierre 11199: 11194: 11189: 11188: 11178: 11176: 11165: 11161: 11148: 11144: 11134: 11132: 11124: 11123: 11119: 11107: 11103: 11102: 11098: 11086: 11082: 11081: 11077: 11067: 11065: 11057: 11056: 11052: 11042: 11040: 11025: 11024: 11017: 11007: 11005: 10995: 10991: 10956: 10952: 10925: 10921: 10913: 10909: 10901: 10897: 10889: 10885: 10877: 10873: 10850: 10846: 10836: 10834: 10826: 10825: 10821: 10811: 10809: 10801: 10800: 10796: 10786: 10784: 10769: 10768: 10764: 10754: 10752: 10744: 10743: 10739: 10729: 10727: 10719: 10718: 10714: 10704: 10702: 10694: 10693: 10689: 10681: 10677: 10669: 10665: 10655: 10653: 10642: 10638: 10630: 10626: 10616: 10614: 10605: 10604: 10600: 10592: 10588: 10578: 10576: 10567: 10566: 10562: 10552: 10550: 10541: 10540: 10536: 10526: 10524: 10515: 10514: 10510: 10467: 10463: 10453: 10451: 10442: 10441: 10437: 10429: 10425: 10409: 10403: 10399: 10389: 10387: 10378: 10377: 10373: 10363: 10361: 10351: 10325: 10321: 10314: 10290: 10286: 10243: 10239: 10232: 10216: 10212: 10175: 10171: 10134: 10130: 10122: 10118: 10108: 10106: 10094: 10088: 10084: 10047: 10043: 10035: 10031: 10023: 10019: 10011: 10007: 9984: 9980: 9972: 9968: 9953: 9935: 9931: 9916: 9902: 9898: 9883: 9869: 9865: 9828: 9824: 9787: 9783: 9773: 9771: 9756: 9752: 9744: 9740: 9732: 9728: 9720: 9713: 9705: 9701: 9693: 9689: 9681: 9677: 9642: 9638: 9630: 9626: 9616: 9614: 9602: 9598: 9579:Histoire Québec 9572: 9571: 9564: 9556: 9552: 9516: 9512: 9502: 9500: 9490: 9486: 9478: 9474: 9466: 9462: 9455: 9439: 9435: 9428: 9412: 9408: 9401: 9385: 9381: 9374: 9358: 9354: 9346: 9342: 9334: 9330: 9322: 9318: 9298: 9297: 9293: 9285: 9281: 9271: 9269: 9260: 9259: 9255: 9245: 9243: 9233: 9229: 9222: 9204: 9197: 9189: 9185: 9177: 9173: 9163: 9161: 9149: 9145: 9137: 9133: 9096: 9092: 9082: 9080: 9070: 9063: 9053: 9051: 9041: 9030: 9020: 9018: 9003: 8996: 8961: 8952: 8907: 8900: 8857: 8853: 8845: 8841: 8831: 8829: 8818: 8817: 8810: 8802: 8798: 8783: 8767: 8763: 8708: 8701: 8693: 8689: 8681: 8677: 8669: 8665: 8651: 8649: 8640: 8639: 8635: 8627: 8623: 8615: 8611: 8603: 8599: 8556: 8552: 8517: 8513: 8503: 8501: 8492: 8491: 8484: 8476: 8472: 8462: 8460: 8449: 8448: 8444: 8434: 8432: 8423: 8422: 8418: 8410: 8406: 8396: 8394: 8386: 8385: 8381: 8373: 8369: 8361: 8357: 8350: 8342:. p. 258. 8326: 8319: 8312: 8301:Dream of Nation 8296: 8292: 8282: 8280: 8269: 8265: 8257: 8253: 8245: 8241: 8233: 8229: 8221: 8217: 8207: 8205: 8197: 8196: 8192: 8184: 8180: 8147: 8143: 8135: 8131: 8123: 8119: 8082: 8078: 8071: 8055: 8051: 8043: 8039: 8032: 8016: 8012: 8004: 8000: 7963: 7959: 7951: 7947: 7939:, p. 128; 7935: 7931: 7906: 7902: 7865: 7861: 7824: 7820: 7785: 7781: 7771: 7769: 7757: 7753: 7737: 7731: 7727: 7690: 7686: 7679: 7663: 7659: 7652: 7636: 7632: 7624: 7620: 7598: 7594: 7586: 7582: 7575: 7557: 7553: 7545: 7541: 7498: 7494: 7467: 7463: 7454: 7452: 7445: 7444: 7440: 7430: 7428: 7420: 7419: 7415: 7407: 7403: 7388: 7372: 7368: 7325: 7321: 7306: 7282: 7278: 7268: 7248: 7244: 7236: 7232: 7224: 7220: 7183: 7179: 7136: 7129: 7121: 7117: 7109: 7102: 7095: 7079: 7075: 7062: 7058: 7050: 7043: 7035: 7028: 7020: 7016: 7008: 7004: 6996: 6992: 6955: 6951: 6914: 6910: 6883: 6879: 6871: 6867: 6830: 6826: 6810: 6804: 6800: 6792: 6788: 6751: 6747: 6739: 6735: 6727: 6723: 6715: 6711: 6703: 6696: 6688: 6684: 6676: 6672: 6664: 6657: 6649: 6645: 6633: 6627: 6618: 6610: 6606: 6598: 6594: 6586: 6582: 6574: 6570: 6562: 6558: 6550: 6546: 6538: 6534: 6524: 6522: 6507: 6503: 6463: 6457: 6453: 6430: 6426: 6416: 6414: 6401: 6400: 6393: 6385: 6381: 6373: 6369: 6361: 6357: 6349: 6345: 6337: 6333: 6325: 6321: 6313: 6309: 6301: 6297: 6287: 6285: 6270: 6266: 6258: 6254: 6246: 6242: 6234: 6227: 6219: 6215: 6207: 6203: 6195: 6191: 6183: 6179: 6171: 6167: 6159: 6155: 6147: 6143: 6135: 6131: 6123: 6116: 6108: 6104: 6096: 6092: 6057: 6048: 6038: 6036: 6028: 6027: 6023: 6015: 6011: 6001: 5999: 5984: 5983: 5979: 5971: 5967: 5950: 5949: 5940: 5932: 5928: 5920: 5916: 5908: 5904: 5896: 5892: 5884: 5880: 5872: 5865: 5857: 5850: 5842: 5838: 5830: 5826: 5818: 5777: 5767: 5765: 5749: 5748: 5744: 5729: 5725: 5717: 5709: 5705: 5678: 5674: 5666: 5662: 5652: 5650: 5637: 5636: 5632: 5624: 5613: 5605: 5598: 5588: 5586: 5575: 5571: 5556: 5540: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5522: 5511: 5506: 5502: 5464: 5460: 5455: 5451: 5442: 5438: 5433: 5429: 5424: 5420: 5409: 5405: 5392: 5388: 5383: 5379: 5374: 5370: 5365: 5361: 5348: 5344: 5339: 5335: 5330: 5282: 5270: 5268:Honorary titles 5262:Grande Noirceur 5196:Michel Tremblay 5176:Grande Noirceur 5166: 5161:, located near 5154: 5148: 5139: 5132: 5123: 5120: 5111: 5108: 5099: 5096: 5087: 5084: 5075: 5072: 5057:Parti Québécois 5007: 4966: 4948: 4943: 4915:grande noirceur 4892:Joseph McCarthy 4868:Éamon de Valera 4831: 4809:Grande Noirceur 4802:Grande Noirceur 4767: 4761: 4755: 4751:Grande Noirceur 4743:Grande Noirceur 4707:Grande Noirceur 4703:Jacques Godbout 4695:Grande Noirceur 4677: 4659:would write in 4653: 4651:Grande Noirceur 4636: 4623: 4605: 4586: 4569: 4553: 4550:Grande Noirceur 4536: 4530: 4493:J. M. W. Turner 4485:Clarence Gagnon 4473:Rudyard Kipling 4444: 4366: 4351: 4333: 4304:, to travel to 4284: 4254: 4222:Full employment 4137: 4131: 4057: 4043: 4018:Camille Pouliot 4010:electoral fraud 3973: 3905: 3871: 3865: 3848:Adélard Godbout 3817: 3811: 3771:business trusts 3719: 3711:Main articles: 3709: 3642: 3637: 3630: 3623: 3614: 3604:Camillien Houde 3601: 3592: 3578: 3569: 3558: 3549: 3546: 3509:Camillien Houde 3472: 3458: 3414: 3404: 3394: 3381: 3376: 3375: 3374: 3373: 3372: 3361: 3352: 3351: 3350: 3343: 3334: 3333: 3332: 3329: 3319: 3174: 3165: 3127: 3125: 3115: 3113: 3106: 3105: 3069: 3061: 3060: 2961: 2953: 2952: 2877: 2869: 2868: 2854:Union Nationale 2779: 2771: 2770: 2666: 2658: 2657: 2652: 2642: 2632: 2622: 2612: 2609:Maps of Meaning 2602: 2592: 2582: 2573: 2565: 2564: 2510: 2502: 2501: 2397:Bennett (R. B.) 2387: 2379: 2378: 2309: 2301: 2300: 2286:Unite the Right 2281:National Policy 2264: 2256: 2255: 2236:Property rights 2201:Canadian values 2196: 2188: 2187: 2134: 2114: 2095: 2061: 2051: 2017: 1996: 1980:Grande Noirceur 1975: 1972: 1953: 1930: 1873: 1862: 1808: 1803: 1760:Union Nationale 1751: 1746: 1718: 1715: 1684: 1682: 1681: 1680: 1677: 1675: 1658: 1578:Emma MacCallum 1142: 1132: 1123: 1109: 1100: 1097:Franco-Ontarian 1084: 1075: 1072: 966: 961: 956: 950:of that label. 942: 939: 936: 931:Grande Noirceur 893:Catholic Church 810:Camillien Houde 774:Nérée Duplessis 756:Union Nationale 710: 704: 658: 653:Nérée Duplessis 634: 633:Other political 627:Union Nationale 623:Political party 611: 596: 591: 589: 577: 571: 569: 568: 567: 542: 534: 522: 516: 511: 500: 482: 470: 464: 459: 454:Adélard Godbout 449: 437: 431: 426: 407: 395: 389: 384: 360: 348: 342: 337: 318: 306: 300: 295: 276: 264: 258: 253: 241: 229: 223: 218: 206:Adélard Godbout 201: 196:Adélard Godbout 191: 176: 156: 151: 139: 133:Adélard Godbout 127: 122: 113:Gaspard Fauteux 96: 74: 69: 52: 40: 35: 33: 30: 19: 12: 11: 5: 15777: 15767: 15766: 15761: 15756: 15751: 15746: 15741: 15736: 15731: 15726: 15721: 15716: 15711: 15706: 15701: 15696: 15691: 15686: 15681: 15676: 15671: 15666: 15661: 15644: 15643: 15641: 15636: 15631: 15628: 15627: 15625: 15624: 15619: 15618: 15617: 15616: 15615: 15605: 15595: 15590: 15589: 15588: 15578: 15577: 15576: 15571: 15561: 15556: 15551: 15546: 15544:Ethnopluralism 15541: 15536: 15531: 15526: 15521: 15516: 15515: 15514: 15504: 15499: 15494: 15489: 15487:Anti-communism 15483: 15480: 15479: 15477: 15476: 15471: 15466: 15461: 15456: 15450: 15448: 15441: 15437: 15436: 15434: 15433: 15431:Ultra-royalism 15428: 15423: 15418: 15413: 15408: 15403: 15398: 15393: 15385: 15383: 15377: 15376: 15374: 15373: 15368: 15367: 15366: 15364:Ultramontanism 15361: 15351: 15346: 15345: 15344: 15334: 15329: 15324: 15323: 15322: 15312: 15306: 15304: 15298: 15297: 15294: 15293: 15291: 15290: 15285: 15280: 15275: 15270: 15265: 15260: 15255: 15250: 15245: 15240: 15235: 15230: 15225: 15220: 15215: 15210: 15205: 15200: 15195: 15190: 15185: 15180: 15175: 15170: 15165: 15160: 15155: 15150: 15145: 15140: 15135: 15130: 15125: 15120: 15115: 15110: 15105: 15100: 15095: 15090: 15085: 15080: 15075: 15070: 15065: 15060: 15055: 15050: 15045: 15040: 15035: 15030: 15025: 15020: 15015: 15010: 15005: 15000: 14994: 14992: 14988: 14987: 14985: 14984: 14979: 14974: 14969: 14964: 14959: 14954: 14948: 14946: 14937: 14933: 14932: 14929: 14928: 14926: 14925: 14920: 14915: 14910: 14905: 14900: 14895: 14890: 14885: 14880: 14875: 14870: 14865: 14860: 14855: 14850: 14845: 14840: 14835: 14830: 14825: 14820: 14815: 14810: 14805: 14800: 14795: 14790: 14785: 14780: 14775: 14770: 14765: 14760: 14755: 14750: 14745: 14740: 14735: 14730: 14725: 14720: 14715: 14710: 14705: 14700: 14695: 14690: 14685: 14680: 14675: 14670: 14665: 14660: 14655: 14650: 14645: 14640: 14635: 14630: 14625: 14620: 14615: 14610: 14604: 14602: 14598: 14597: 14595: 14594: 14589: 14584: 14579: 14577:State religion 14574: 14569: 14564: 14559: 14554: 14549: 14544: 14539: 14534: 14529: 14524: 14519: 14514: 14509: 14508: 14507: 14502: 14497: 14487: 14482: 14481: 14480: 14470: 14465: 14460: 14455: 14454: 14453: 14443: 14441:Fundamentalism 14438: 14433: 14428: 14423: 14422: 14421: 14412: 14407: 14397: 14392: 14387: 14386: 14385: 14375: 14370: 14365: 14360: 14355: 14354: 14353: 14343: 14337: 14335: 14328: 14324: 14323: 14320: 14319: 14317: 14316: 14311: 14310: 14309: 14307:National Right 14304: 14293: 14291: 14285: 14284: 14281: 14280: 14278: 14277: 14272: 14270:Traditionalist 14267: 14262: 14257: 14252: 14247: 14242: 14237: 14236: 14235: 14230: 14225: 14215: 14209: 14207: 14199: 14198: 14196: 14195: 14194: 14193: 14188: 14183: 14173: 14168: 14163: 14162: 14161: 14150: 14148: 14139: 14133: 14132: 14129: 14128: 14126: 14125: 14124: 14123: 14120:Perezjimenismo 14113: 14112: 14111: 14103: 14102: 14101: 14093: 14083: 14078: 14073: 14068: 14063: 14062: 14061: 14056: 14044: 14038: 14036: 14032: 14031: 14029: 14028: 14023: 14015: 14013: 14007: 14006: 14004: 14003: 13998: 13997: 13996: 13986: 13979: 13974: 13969: 13963: 13961: 13955: 13954: 13952: 13951: 13946: 13939: 13934: 13927: 13921: 13919: 13912: 13906: 13905: 13902: 13901: 13899: 13898: 13893: 13888: 13883: 13882: 13881: 13871: 13870: 13869: 13861: 13860: 13859: 13851: 13846: 13841: 13836: 13831: 13826: 13825: 13824: 13819: 13809: 13808: 13807: 13799: 13794: 13789: 13788: 13787: 13777: 13771: 13769: 13765: 13764: 13762: 13761: 13760: 13759: 13754: 13749: 13739: 13734: 13729: 13724: 13719: 13718: 13717: 13707: 13702: 13696: 13694: 13686: 13685: 13683: 13682: 13675: 13673:Neocatholicism 13670: 13665: 13658: 13653: 13652: 13651: 13641: 13640: 13639: 13634: 13622: 13616: 13614: 13608: 13607: 13605: 13604: 13603: 13602: 13590: 13585: 13584: 13583: 13578: 13568: 13563: 13557: 13555: 13549: 13548: 13546: 13545: 13540: 13535: 13528: 13526:Golden Liberty 13522: 13520: 13514: 13513: 13511: 13510: 13501: 13496: 13491: 13485: 13483: 13477: 13476: 13474: 13473: 13464: 13459: 13454: 13449: 13448: 13447: 13437: 13436: 13435: 13430: 13420: 13418:Ordoliberalism 13415: 13406: 13401: 13396: 13390: 13388: 13382: 13381: 13379: 13378: 13376:Ultra-royalism 13373: 13368: 13359: 13354: 13345: 13336: 13331: 13326: 13321: 13316: 13306: 13304: 13295: 13289: 13288: 13285: 13284: 13282: 13281: 13280: 13279: 13269: 13264: 13263: 13262: 13252: 13247: 13242: 13237: 13231: 13229: 13225: 13224: 13222: 13221: 13219:Neo-Ottomanism 13216: 13211: 13205: 13203: 13197: 13196: 13194: 13193: 13188: 13182: 13180: 13174: 13173: 13171: 13170: 13165: 13160: 13153: 13148: 13140: 13138: 13132: 13131: 13129: 13128: 13127: 13126: 13121: 13116: 13106: 13101: 13096: 13094:Fundamentalist 13090: 13088: 13082: 13081: 13079: 13078: 13073: 13068: 13062: 13060: 13054: 13053: 13051: 13050: 13045: 13044: 13043: 13038: 13028: 13022: 13020: 13011: 13005: 13004: 13002: 13001: 12996: 12994:Traditionalist 12991: 12986: 12981: 12976: 12971: 12966: 12961: 12956: 12951: 12946: 12941: 12936: 12931: 12926: 12921: 12915: 12913: 12906: 12900: 12899: 12892: 12891: 12884: 12877: 12869: 12860: 12859: 12857: 12856: 12844: 12831: 12828: 12827: 12820: 12818: 12816: 12815: 12810: 12805: 12800: 12795: 12790: 12785: 12780: 12778:D. Johnson Jr. 12775: 12770: 12765: 12760: 12755: 12750: 12748:D. Johnson Sr. 12745: 12740: 12735: 12730: 12725: 12720: 12715: 12710: 12705: 12700: 12695: 12690: 12685: 12680: 12675: 12670: 12665: 12660: 12655: 12650: 12645: 12640: 12635: 12629: 12626: 12625: 12618: 12617: 12610: 12603: 12595: 12580: 12579: 12574: 12571: 12564: 12559: 12555: 12554: 12549: 12546: 12534: 12529: 12525: 12524: 12520: 12519: 12514: 12511: 12504:Leader of the 12501: 12498: 12494: 12493: 12490: 12487: 12480:Leader of the 12477: 12472: 12468: 12467: 12461: 12460: 12453: 12452:External links 12450: 12449: 12448: 12426: 12404: 12384: 12357: 12334: 12321: 12295: 12277: 12274: 12273: 12272: 12255: 12245:Marc Petitjean 12234: 12233: 12232: 12227: 12222: 12201: 12179: 12148: 12147: 12146: 12141: 12120: 12108: 12087: 12062: 12039: 12036: 12035: 12034: 12020: 12003: 11997: 11978: 11964: 11947: 11933: 11916: 11893: 11879: 11862: 11848: 11831: 11825: 11812: 11798: 11785: 11771: 11744: 11730: 11711: 11692: 11678: 11661: 11642: 11621: 11598: 11592: 11575: 11561: 11544: 11518: 11503: 11484: 11481: 11480: 11479: 11465: 11446: 11440: 11425: 11412:978-1550282962 11411: 11394: 11388: 11373: 11367: 11352: 11321: 11315: 11301:(2 ed.). 11294: 11280: 11265: 11259: 11244: 11238: 11223: 11212: 11198: 11195: 11193: 11190: 11187: 11186: 11159: 11142: 11117: 11096: 11075: 11050: 11015: 10989: 10970:(2): 123–128. 10964:Voix et Images 10950: 10919: 10907: 10903:Berthelot 2021 10895: 10891:Berthelot 2021 10883: 10881:, p. 290. 10879:Berthelot 2021 10871: 10844: 10819: 10794: 10762: 10737: 10712: 10687: 10675: 10673:, p. 231. 10671:Livernois 2018 10663: 10636: 10624: 10598: 10596:, p. 230. 10594:Livernois 2018 10586: 10560: 10534: 10508: 10481:(2): 634–636. 10461: 10435: 10423: 10397: 10371: 10349: 10319: 10312: 10284: 10257:(3): 638–665. 10237: 10230: 10210: 10169: 10128: 10116: 10082: 10041: 10029: 10025:Berthelot 2021 10017: 10005: 9978: 9976:, p. 174. 9966: 9951: 9929: 9914: 9896: 9881: 9863: 9822: 9781: 9750: 9748:, p. 599. 9738: 9736:, p. 392. 9726: 9711: 9699: 9687: 9675: 9636: 9624: 9596: 9562: 9558:Livernois 2018 9550: 9510: 9484: 9472: 9460: 9453: 9433: 9426: 9406: 9399: 9379: 9372: 9352: 9350:, p. 593. 9340: 9328: 9316: 9291: 9279: 9253: 9227: 9220: 9195: 9183: 9171: 9143: 9141:, p. 689. 9131: 9110:(4): 553–574. 9090: 9061: 9028: 8994: 8975:(3): 411–436. 8950: 8921:(1): 107–143. 8898: 8851: 8839: 8808: 8796: 8781: 8761: 8699: 8687: 8675: 8663: 8633: 8621: 8609: 8597: 8570:(4): 765–797. 8550: 8511: 8482: 8480:, p. 686. 8470: 8442: 8416: 8404: 8379: 8367: 8365:, p. 142. 8355: 8348: 8317: 8310: 8290: 8263: 8251: 8239: 8227: 8215: 8190: 8178: 8141: 8129: 8127:, p. 163. 8117: 8096:(4): 559–583. 8076: 8069: 8049: 8047:, p. 122. 8045:Rouillard 2004 8037: 8030: 8010: 7998: 7957: 7945: 7937:Rouillard 2004 7929: 7916:: 35–36, 138. 7900: 7859: 7838:(3): 385–388. 7818: 7799:(2): 101–122. 7779: 7751: 7725: 7684: 7677: 7657: 7650: 7630: 7618: 7592: 7590:, p. 308. 7580: 7573: 7551: 7539: 7492: 7461: 7438: 7413: 7411:, p. 150. 7401: 7386: 7366: 7319: 7304: 7276: 7266: 7242: 7240:, p. 149. 7230: 7218: 7177: 7127: 7115: 7100: 7093: 7073: 7056: 7054:, p. 145. 7041: 7026: 7014: 7012:, p. 142. 7002: 6990: 6949: 6908: 6877: 6873:Livernois 2018 6865: 6844:(3): 389–392. 6824: 6798: 6796:, p. 8-9. 6786: 6765:(4): 559–583. 6745: 6733: 6731:, p. 120. 6721: 6719:, p. 119. 6709: 6694: 6692:, p. 113. 6682: 6680:, p. 112. 6670: 6668:, p. 111. 6655: 6653:, p. 110. 6643: 6616: 6614:, p. 117. 6604: 6602:, p. 105. 6592: 6580: 6568: 6556: 6544: 6532: 6501: 6474:(4): 563–587. 6451: 6424: 6391: 6379: 6367: 6355: 6343: 6331: 6319: 6307: 6295: 6264: 6252: 6240: 6225: 6213: 6201: 6189: 6177: 6165: 6153: 6141: 6129: 6114: 6102: 6090: 6071:(3): 289–319. 6046: 6021: 6009: 5977: 5965: 5938: 5926: 5914: 5902: 5890: 5878: 5863: 5848: 5836: 5824: 5775: 5742: 5723: 5703: 5672: 5660: 5630: 5611: 5596: 5569: 5554: 5530: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5521: 5520: 5500: 5479:(3): 407–426. 5458: 5449: 5436: 5427: 5418: 5403: 5386: 5377: 5368: 5359: 5342: 5332: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5274:King's Counsel 5269: 5266: 5168: 5167: 5149: 5142: 5140: 5133: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5066: 5064: 4984:Honoré Mercier 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4860:Vladimir Putin 4856:Getúlio Vargas 4830: 4827: 4765:Robert Rumilly 4754: 4747: 4739:social justice 4735:Jacques Hébert 4711:grande silence 4657:Pierre Trudeau 4645: 4644: 4632: 4631: 4619: 4618: 4614: 4613: 4610:CBC interviews 4601: 4600: 4591:CBC interviews 4582: 4581: 4565: 4564: 4560: 4559: 4558:External media 4552: 4546: 4535: 4532: 4509:Johan Jongkind 4501:Charles Jacque 4497:Auguste Renoir 4457:Antonio Talbot 4443: 4440: 4377: 4376: 4362: 4361: 4347: 4346: 4342: 4341: 4329: 4328: 4324: 4323: 4322:External media 4253: 4250: 4133:Main article: 4130: 4127: 4076:Maxime Raymond 4047:Bloc populaire 4042: 4039: 3972: 3969: 3925:anti-communism 3864: 3861: 3856:election writs 3810: 3807: 3800:issues in the 3798:Vote splitting 3743:Philippe Hamel 3708: 3702: 3661:, an MLA from 3659:Onésime Gagnon 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3632: 3631: 3624: 3617: 3615: 3602: 3595: 3593: 3585:Deux-Montagnes 3579: 3572: 3570: 3559: 3552: 3550: 3547: 3540: 3538: 3485:Jacques Bureau 3481:Trois-Rivières 3457: 3454: 3393: 3390: 3380: 3377: 3362: 3355: 3354: 3353: 3344: 3337: 3336: 3335: 3320: 3313: 3312: 3311: 3310: 3309: 3294:Rodolphe Monty 3173: 3170: 3167: 3166: 3164: 3163: 3156: 3149: 3141: 3138: 3137: 3136: 3135: 3123: 3108: 3107: 3104: 3103: 3102: 3101: 3096: 3094:Alberta Agenda 3086: 3081: 3076: 3070: 3067: 3066: 3063: 3062: 3059: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3023: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2962: 2959: 2958: 2955: 2954: 2951: 2950: 2943: 2936: 2929: 2922: 2917: 2910: 2903: 2896: 2889: 2884: 2878: 2875: 2874: 2871: 2870: 2867: 2866: 2864:Wildrose Party 2861: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2841: 2836: 2831: 2820: 2819: 2817:Unionist Party 2814: 2809: 2804: 2799: 2794: 2789: 2780: 2777: 2776: 2773: 2772: 2769: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2753: 2748: 2743: 2738: 2733: 2728: 2723: 2718: 2713: 2708: 2703: 2692: 2691: 2686: 2681: 2676: 2667: 2665:Extant parties 2664: 2663: 2660: 2659: 2656: 2655: 2645: 2635: 2625: 2615: 2605: 2595: 2585: 2574: 2571: 2570: 2567: 2566: 2563: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2527: 2522: 2517: 2511: 2508: 2507: 2504: 2503: 2500: 2499: 2494: 2489: 2484: 2479: 2474: 2469: 2464: 2459: 2454: 2449: 2444: 2439: 2434: 2429: 2424: 2419: 2414: 2409: 2404: 2399: 2394: 2388: 2385: 2384: 2381: 2380: 2377: 2376: 2371: 2366: 2361: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2316: 2310: 2307: 2306: 2303: 2302: 2299: 2298: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2276:Family Compact 2273: 2270:Château Clique 2265: 2262: 2261: 2258: 2257: 2254: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2223: 2218: 2213: 2208: 2203: 2197: 2194: 2193: 2190: 2189: 2186: 2185: 2184: 2183: 2178: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2157: 2156: 2146: 2141: 2139:Calgary School 2135: 2132: 2131: 2128: 2127: 2119: 2118: 2110: 2109: 2097: 2096: 2094: 2093: 2086: 2079: 2071: 2068: 2067: 2060: 2059: 2037: 2030: 2025: 2011: 1983: 1973: 1971: 1970: 1942: 1916: 1911: 1900: 1899: 1881: 1857: 1852: 1838: 1836:Flag of Quebec 1833: 1804: 1802: 1801: 1796: 1786: 1774: 1769: 1757: 1747: 1745: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1716: 1714: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1695: 1694: 1691: 1690: 1678:a series about 1674: 1672: 1655: 1654: 1651: 1650: 1648: 1646: 1644: 1642: 1640: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1632: 1630: 1628: 1626: 1624: 1621: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1607: 1604: 1603: 1601: 1599: 1597: 1594: 1593: 1591: 1588: 1587: 1585: 1576: 1573: 1572: 1569: 1568: 1566: 1563: 1562: 1560: 1557: 1556: 1550: 1547: 1546: 1543: 1542: 1540: 1538: 1536: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1522: 1520: 1512: 1509: 1508: 1505: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1486: 1483: 1482: 1480: 1478: 1476: 1473: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1466: 1464: 1453: 1450: 1449: 1446: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1427: 1424: 1423: 1421: 1419: 1417: 1415: 1413: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1405: 1402: 1401: 1399: 1385: 1382: 1381: 1378: 1377: 1375: 1372: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1359: 1356: 1355: 1353: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1339: 1337: 1330: 1327: 1326: 1323: 1322: 1320: 1317: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1304: 1301: 1300: 1298: 1296: 1294: 1292: 1290: 1287: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1280: 1278: 1252: 1249: 1248: 1245: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1232: 1229: 1226: 1225: 1222: 1221: 1219: 1217: 1215: 1212: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1205: 1203: 1197: 1194: 1193: 1190: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1183: 1181: 1178: 1177: 1171: 1169: 1167: 1165: 1163: 1161: 1159: 1152: 1151: 1145: 1144: 1143: 1133: 1126: 1124: 1120:Trois-Rivières 1110: 1103: 1101: 1085: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1066: 1064: 1033:Thomas Chapais 1013:ultramontanist 980:member of the 970:Trois-Rivières 965: 962: 960: 957: 955: 952: 940:Great Darkness 794:Trois-Rivières 790:Trois-Rivières 780:member of the 744:anti-communist 696: 695: 692: 691: 684: 680: 679: 676: 672: 671: 666: 660: 659: 657: 656: 649: 647: 643: 642: 636: 630: 629: 624: 620: 619: 606: 602: 601: 594:(aged 69) 587: 583: 582: 579:Trois-Rivières 576:April 20, 1890 565: 563: 559: 558: 554: 553: 550: 549: 537: 531: 530: 525: 519: 518: 508: 507: 489: 488: 485: 479: 478: 473: 467: 466: 456: 455: 452: 446: 445: 440: 434: 433: 423: 422: 416: 415: 410: 404: 403: 398: 392: 391: 381: 380: 378:Trois-Rivières 372:Member of the 369: 368: 363: 357: 356: 351: 345: 344: 334: 333: 327: 326: 321: 315: 314: 312:François Leduc 309: 303: 302: 292: 291: 285: 284: 279: 273: 272: 267: 261: 260: 250: 249: 247:Antoine Rivard 244: 238: 237: 232: 226: 225: 215: 214: 208: 207: 204: 198: 197: 194: 188: 187: 182: 178: 177: 175: 174: 171: 165: 163: 159: 158: 148: 147: 142: 136: 135: 130: 124: 123: 121: 120: 118:Onésime Gagnon 115: 110: 104: 102: 98: 97: 95: 94: 89: 83: 81: 77: 76: 66: 65: 58: 57: 54: 53: 50: 42: 41: 34: 31: 28:The Honourable 26: 17: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15776: 15765: 15762: 15760: 15757: 15755: 15752: 15750: 15747: 15745: 15742: 15740: 15737: 15735: 15732: 15730: 15727: 15725: 15722: 15720: 15717: 15715: 15712: 15710: 15707: 15705: 15702: 15700: 15697: 15695: 15692: 15690: 15687: 15685: 15682: 15680: 15677: 15675: 15672: 15670: 15667: 15665: 15662: 15660: 15657: 15656: 15654: 15640: 15637: 15635: 15632: 15629: 15623: 15620: 15614: 15611: 15610: 15609: 15606: 15604: 15601: 15600: 15599: 15596: 15594: 15593:Right realism 15591: 15587: 15584: 15583: 15582: 15579: 15575: 15574:United States 15572: 15570: 15567: 15566: 15565: 15564:Radical right 15562: 15560: 15557: 15555: 15552: 15550: 15547: 15545: 15542: 15540: 15537: 15535: 15532: 15530: 15527: 15525: 15522: 15520: 15517: 15513: 15512:United States 15510: 15509: 15508: 15505: 15503: 15500: 15498: 15495: 15493: 15490: 15488: 15485: 15484: 15475: 15472: 15470: 15467: 15465: 15462: 15460: 15457: 15455: 15452: 15451: 15449: 15445: 15442: 15438: 15432: 15429: 15427: 15426:Holy Alliance 15424: 15422: 15419: 15417: 15414: 15412: 15409: 15407: 15404: 15402: 15399: 15397: 15394: 15392: 15391: 15390:Ancien régime 15387: 15386: 15384: 15378: 15372: 15369: 15365: 15362: 15360: 15357: 15356: 15355: 15352: 15350: 15347: 15343: 15340: 15339: 15338: 15335: 15333: 15330: 15328: 15325: 15321: 15318: 15317: 15316: 15313: 15311: 15308: 15307: 15305: 15303: 15299: 15289: 15286: 15284: 15281: 15279: 15276: 15274: 15271: 15269: 15266: 15264: 15261: 15259: 15256: 15254: 15251: 15249: 15246: 15244: 15241: 15239: 15236: 15234: 15231: 15229: 15226: 15224: 15221: 15219: 15216: 15214: 15211: 15209: 15206: 15204: 15201: 15199: 15198:Pérez Jiménez 15196: 15194: 15191: 15189: 15186: 15184: 15181: 15179: 15176: 15174: 15171: 15169: 15166: 15164: 15161: 15159: 15156: 15154: 15151: 15149: 15146: 15144: 15141: 15139: 15136: 15134: 15131: 15129: 15126: 15124: 15121: 15119: 15116: 15114: 15111: 15109: 15106: 15104: 15101: 15099: 15096: 15094: 15091: 15089: 15086: 15084: 15081: 15079: 15076: 15074: 15071: 15069: 15066: 15064: 15061: 15059: 15056: 15054: 15051: 15049: 15046: 15044: 15041: 15039: 15036: 15034: 15031: 15029: 15026: 15024: 15021: 15019: 15016: 15014: 15011: 15009: 15006: 15004: 15001: 14999: 14996: 14995: 14993: 14989: 14983: 14980: 14978: 14975: 14973: 14970: 14968: 14965: 14963: 14960: 14958: 14955: 14953: 14950: 14949: 14947: 14945: 14944:Organisations 14941: 14938: 14934: 14924: 14921: 14919: 14916: 14914: 14911: 14909: 14906: 14904: 14901: 14899: 14896: 14894: 14891: 14889: 14886: 14884: 14881: 14879: 14876: 14874: 14871: 14869: 14866: 14864: 14861: 14859: 14856: 14854: 14851: 14849: 14846: 14844: 14841: 14839: 14836: 14834: 14831: 14829: 14826: 14824: 14821: 14819: 14816: 14814: 14811: 14809: 14806: 14804: 14801: 14799: 14796: 14794: 14791: 14789: 14786: 14784: 14781: 14779: 14776: 14774: 14771: 14769: 14766: 14764: 14761: 14759: 14756: 14754: 14751: 14749: 14746: 14744: 14741: 14739: 14736: 14734: 14731: 14729: 14726: 14724: 14721: 14719: 14716: 14714: 14711: 14709: 14706: 14704: 14701: 14699: 14696: 14694: 14691: 14689: 14686: 14684: 14681: 14679: 14676: 14674: 14671: 14669: 14666: 14664: 14661: 14659: 14656: 14654: 14651: 14649: 14648:Chateaubriand 14646: 14644: 14641: 14639: 14636: 14634: 14631: 14629: 14626: 14624: 14621: 14619: 14616: 14614: 14611: 14609: 14606: 14605: 14603: 14601:Intellectuals 14599: 14593: 14590: 14588: 14585: 14583: 14580: 14578: 14575: 14573: 14570: 14568: 14565: 14563: 14560: 14558: 14555: 14553: 14550: 14548: 14545: 14543: 14540: 14538: 14535: 14533: 14530: 14528: 14525: 14523: 14520: 14518: 14515: 14513: 14510: 14506: 14503: 14501: 14498: 14496: 14493: 14492: 14491: 14488: 14486: 14483: 14479: 14476: 14475: 14474: 14471: 14469: 14466: 14464: 14461: 14459: 14456: 14452: 14449: 14448: 14447: 14444: 14442: 14439: 14437: 14436:Family values 14434: 14432: 14429: 14427: 14426:Ethical order 14424: 14419: 14418: 14413: 14411: 14408: 14406: 14403: 14402: 14401: 14398: 14396: 14393: 14391: 14388: 14384: 14381: 14380: 14379: 14376: 14374: 14371: 14369: 14366: 14364: 14361: 14359: 14356: 14352: 14349: 14348: 14347: 14344: 14342: 14339: 14338: 14336: 14332: 14329: 14325: 14315: 14312: 14308: 14305: 14303: 14300: 14299: 14298: 14295: 14294: 14292: 14290: 14286: 14276: 14273: 14271: 14268: 14266: 14263: 14261: 14258: 14256: 14253: 14251: 14248: 14246: 14243: 14241: 14238: 14234: 14231: 14229: 14226: 14224: 14221: 14220: 14219: 14216: 14214: 14213:Compassionate 14211: 14210: 14208: 14206: 14200: 14192: 14189: 14187: 14184: 14182: 14179: 14178: 14177: 14174: 14172: 14169: 14167: 14164: 14160: 14157: 14156: 14155: 14152: 14151: 14149: 14147: 14143: 14140: 14138: 14137:North America 14134: 14122: 14121: 14117: 14116: 14114: 14110: 14107: 14106: 14104: 14100: 14099: 14094: 14092: 14089: 14088: 14087: 14084: 14082: 14079: 14077: 14074: 14072: 14069: 14067: 14064: 14060: 14057: 14055: 14054: 14050: 14049: 14048: 14045: 14043: 14040: 14039: 14037: 14033: 14027: 14024: 14022: 14021: 14017: 14016: 14014: 14012: 14008: 14002: 13999: 13995: 13992: 13991: 13990: 13987: 13985: 13984: 13980: 13978: 13975: 13973: 13970: 13968: 13965: 13964: 13962: 13960: 13956: 13950: 13947: 13945: 13944: 13940: 13938: 13935: 13933: 13932: 13928: 13926: 13923: 13922: 13920: 13916: 13913: 13911: 13910:Latin America 13907: 13897: 13894: 13892: 13889: 13887: 13884: 13880: 13877: 13876: 13875: 13872: 13868: 13865: 13864: 13862: 13858: 13855: 13854: 13852: 13850: 13847: 13845: 13842: 13840: 13837: 13835: 13832: 13830: 13827: 13823: 13820: 13818: 13815: 13814: 13813: 13810: 13806: 13803: 13802: 13800: 13798: 13795: 13793: 13790: 13786: 13783: 13782: 13781: 13778: 13776: 13773: 13772: 13770: 13766: 13758: 13755: 13753: 13750: 13748: 13745: 13744: 13743: 13740: 13738: 13735: 13733: 13730: 13728: 13727:One-nationism 13725: 13723: 13720: 13716: 13713: 13712: 13711: 13710:Compassionate 13708: 13706: 13703: 13701: 13698: 13697: 13695: 13693: 13687: 13681: 13680: 13676: 13674: 13671: 13669: 13666: 13664: 13663: 13659: 13657: 13654: 13650: 13647: 13646: 13645: 13642: 13638: 13635: 13633: 13632: 13631:Carloctavismo 13628: 13627: 13626: 13623: 13621: 13618: 13617: 13615: 13613: 13609: 13601: 13600: 13596: 13595: 13594: 13591: 13589: 13586: 13582: 13579: 13577: 13574: 13573: 13572: 13569: 13567: 13564: 13562: 13559: 13558: 13556: 13554: 13550: 13544: 13541: 13539: 13536: 13534: 13533: 13529: 13527: 13524: 13523: 13521: 13519: 13515: 13508: 13507: 13502: 13500: 13497: 13495: 13492: 13490: 13487: 13486: 13484: 13482: 13478: 13471: 13470: 13465: 13463: 13460: 13458: 13455: 13453: 13452:Ritter School 13450: 13446: 13443: 13442: 13441: 13440:Revolutionary 13438: 13434: 13431: 13429: 13426: 13425: 13424: 13421: 13419: 13416: 13413: 13412: 13407: 13405: 13402: 13400: 13397: 13395: 13392: 13391: 13389: 13387: 13383: 13377: 13374: 13372: 13369: 13366: 13365: 13360: 13358: 13355: 13352: 13351: 13346: 13343: 13342: 13337: 13335: 13332: 13330: 13327: 13325: 13322: 13320: 13317: 13314: 13313: 13308: 13307: 13305: 13303: 13299: 13296: 13294: 13290: 13278: 13275: 13274: 13273: 13270: 13268: 13265: 13261: 13258: 13257: 13256: 13253: 13251: 13248: 13246: 13243: 13241: 13238: 13236: 13233: 13232: 13230: 13226: 13220: 13217: 13215: 13212: 13210: 13207: 13206: 13204: 13202: 13198: 13192: 13189: 13187: 13184: 13183: 13181: 13179: 13175: 13169: 13166: 13164: 13163:Shōwa Statism 13161: 13159: 13158: 13154: 13152: 13149: 13147: 13146: 13142: 13141: 13139: 13137: 13133: 13125: 13122: 13120: 13117: 13115: 13112: 13111: 13110: 13107: 13105: 13102: 13100: 13097: 13095: 13092: 13091: 13089: 13087: 13083: 13077: 13074: 13072: 13069: 13067: 13064: 13063: 13061: 13059: 13055: 13049: 13046: 13042: 13039: 13037: 13034: 13033: 13032: 13029: 13027: 13024: 13023: 13021: 13019: 13015: 13012: 13010: 13006: 13000: 12997: 12995: 12992: 12990: 12987: 12985: 12982: 12980: 12977: 12975: 12972: 12970: 12967: 12965: 12962: 12960: 12959:Paternalistic 12957: 12955: 12952: 12950: 12947: 12945: 12942: 12940: 12937: 12935: 12932: 12930: 12927: 12925: 12922: 12920: 12919:Authoritarian 12917: 12916: 12914: 12912:International 12910: 12907: 12901: 12897: 12890: 12885: 12883: 12878: 12876: 12871: 12870: 12867: 12855: 12854: 12853:Portal:Canada 12850: 12845: 12843: 12842: 12833: 12832: 12829: 12824: 12814: 12811: 12809: 12806: 12804: 12801: 12799: 12796: 12794: 12791: 12789: 12786: 12784: 12781: 12779: 12776: 12774: 12771: 12769: 12768:P.-M. Johnson 12766: 12764: 12761: 12759: 12756: 12754: 12751: 12749: 12746: 12744: 12741: 12739: 12736: 12734: 12731: 12729: 12726: 12724: 12721: 12719: 12716: 12714: 12711: 12709: 12706: 12704: 12701: 12699: 12696: 12694: 12691: 12689: 12686: 12684: 12681: 12679: 12676: 12674: 12671: 12669: 12666: 12664: 12661: 12659: 12656: 12654: 12651: 12649: 12646: 12644: 12641: 12639: 12636: 12634: 12631: 12630: 12627: 12623: 12616: 12611: 12609: 12604: 12602: 12597: 12596: 12593: 12589: 12577: 12570: 12569: 12562: 12556: 12552: 12545: 12540: 12539: 12532: 12526: 12521: 12517: 12508: 12507: 12495: 12484: 12483: 12475: 12469: 12464: 12459: 12456: 12455: 12438: 12437: 12432: 12427: 12415: 12414: 12409: 12405: 12393: 12389: 12385: 12373: 12369: 12365: 12364: 12358: 12346: 12345: 12340: 12335: 12328: 12324: 12322:0-88798-087-2 12318: 12314: 12310: 12303: 12302: 12296: 12292: 12289:(in French). 12288: 12284: 12280: 12279: 12271: 12267: 12263: 12259: 12258:The Premiers, 12256: 12251: 12246: 12242: 12238: 12235: 12231: 12228: 12226: 12223: 12221: 12218: 12217: 12215: 12212: 12207: 12202: 12199: 12196: 12192: 12189: 12184: 12180: 12177: 12173: 12169: 12165: 12161: 12158: 12153: 12149: 12145: 12142: 12140: 12137: 12136: 12134: 12131: 12126: 12121: 12118: 12114: 12113: 12109: 12098: 12097: 12092: 12091:Arcand, Denys 12088: 12086: 12082: 12069: 12068: 12063: 12052: 12048: 12047: 12042: 12041: 12031: 12027: 12023: 12017: 12013: 12009: 12004: 12000: 11994: 11990: 11986: 11985: 11979: 11975: 11971: 11967: 11961: 11957: 11953: 11948: 11944: 11940: 11936: 11930: 11926: 11922: 11917: 11913: 11905: 11901: 11900: 11894: 11890: 11886: 11882: 11876: 11872: 11868: 11863: 11859: 11855: 11851: 11845: 11841: 11837: 11832: 11828: 11822: 11818: 11813: 11809: 11805: 11801: 11799:2-7646-0048-8 11795: 11791: 11786: 11782: 11778: 11774: 11772:2-89037-935-3 11768: 11760: 11756: 11752: 11751: 11745: 11741: 11737: 11733: 11731:2-7606-1644-4 11727: 11723: 11719: 11718: 11712: 11704: 11700: 11699: 11693: 11689: 11685: 11681: 11679:2-89037-445-9 11675: 11671: 11667: 11662: 11658: 11654: 11650: 11649: 11643: 11636: 11632: 11628: 11624: 11622:2-89052-227-X 11618: 11610: 11606: 11605: 11599: 11595: 11593:2-7606-0511-6 11589: 11585: 11581: 11576: 11572: 11568: 11564: 11562:2-89043-019-7 11558: 11554: 11550: 11545: 11538: 11530: 11526: 11525: 11519: 11514: 11510: 11506: 11504:0-7755-0708-3 11500: 11496: 11492: 11487: 11486: 11476: 11472: 11468: 11462: 11458: 11454: 11453: 11447: 11443: 11441:1-894852-17-6 11437: 11433: 11432: 11426: 11422: 11418: 11414: 11408: 11404: 11400: 11395: 11391: 11385: 11381: 11380: 11374: 11370: 11364: 11360: 11359: 11353: 11346:September 21, 11342: 11338: 11334: 11332: 11327: 11322: 11318: 11316:0-8020-2318-5 11312: 11308: 11304: 11300: 11295: 11291: 11287: 11283: 11281:0-7710-1530-5 11277: 11273: 11272: 11266: 11262: 11256: 11252: 11251: 11245: 11241: 11235: 11231: 11230: 11224: 11220: 11219: 11213: 11209: 11205: 11201: 11200: 11174: 11170: 11163: 11155: 11154: 11146: 11131: 11127: 11121: 11113: 11106: 11100: 11092: 11085: 11079: 11064: 11060: 11054: 11038: 11035:(in French). 11034: 11033: 11028: 11022: 11020: 11004: 11000: 10993: 10985: 10981: 10977: 10973: 10969: 10966:(in French). 10965: 10961: 10954: 10946: 10942: 10938: 10934: 10930: 10923: 10916: 10911: 10904: 10899: 10892: 10887: 10880: 10875: 10867: 10863: 10859: 10855: 10848: 10833: 10829: 10823: 10808: 10804: 10798: 10782: 10778: 10777: 10772: 10766: 10751: 10747: 10741: 10726: 10722: 10716: 10701: 10697: 10691: 10684: 10679: 10672: 10667: 10651: 10647: 10640: 10633: 10628: 10612: 10608: 10602: 10595: 10590: 10574: 10570: 10564: 10548: 10544: 10538: 10522: 10521:TVA Nouvelles 10518: 10512: 10504: 10500: 10496: 10492: 10488: 10484: 10480: 10476: 10472: 10465: 10449: 10445: 10439: 10432: 10427: 10419: 10415: 10408: 10401: 10385: 10381: 10375: 10360: 10356: 10352: 10346: 10342: 10338: 10334: 10330: 10323: 10315: 10309: 10305: 10301: 10297: 10296: 10288: 10280: 10276: 10272: 10268: 10264: 10260: 10256: 10252: 10248: 10241: 10233: 10227: 10223: 10222: 10214: 10206: 10202: 10197: 10192: 10188: 10185:(in French). 10184: 10180: 10173: 10165: 10161: 10156: 10151: 10147: 10144:(in French). 10143: 10139: 10132: 10125: 10120: 10104: 10100: 10093: 10086: 10078: 10074: 10069: 10064: 10060: 10057:(in French). 10056: 10052: 10045: 10038: 10033: 10026: 10021: 10014: 10009: 10001: 9997: 9993: 9989: 9982: 9975: 9970: 9962: 9958: 9954: 9948: 9944: 9940: 9933: 9925: 9921: 9917: 9911: 9907: 9900: 9892: 9888: 9884: 9882:2-7646-0110-7 9878: 9874: 9867: 9859: 9855: 9850: 9845: 9841: 9838:(in French). 9837: 9833: 9826: 9818: 9814: 9809: 9804: 9801:(2): 67–107. 9800: 9797:(in French). 9796: 9792: 9785: 9769: 9765: 9763: 9754: 9747: 9742: 9735: 9730: 9723: 9718: 9716: 9708: 9703: 9697:, p. 24. 9696: 9691: 9684: 9679: 9671: 9667: 9663: 9659: 9655: 9652:(in French). 9651: 9647: 9640: 9634:, p. 15. 9633: 9628: 9613: 9612: 9611:National Post 9607: 9600: 9592: 9588: 9584: 9581:(in French). 9580: 9576: 9569: 9567: 9560:, p. 84. 9559: 9554: 9546: 9542: 9537: 9532: 9528: 9525:(in French). 9524: 9521: 9514: 9499: 9495: 9488: 9481: 9476: 9469: 9464: 9456: 9450: 9446: 9445: 9437: 9429: 9423: 9419: 9418: 9410: 9402: 9396: 9392: 9391: 9383: 9375: 9369: 9365: 9364: 9356: 9349: 9344: 9337: 9332: 9325: 9320: 9312: 9308: 9306: 9301: 9295: 9288: 9283: 9267: 9263: 9257: 9242: 9238: 9231: 9223: 9217: 9213: 9209: 9202: 9200: 9192: 9187: 9180: 9175: 9160: 9159: 9154: 9147: 9140: 9135: 9127: 9123: 9118: 9113: 9109: 9106:(in French). 9105: 9101: 9094: 9079: 9075: 9068: 9066: 9050: 9046: 9039: 9037: 9035: 9033: 9016: 9012: 9008: 9001: 8999: 8990: 8986: 8982: 8978: 8974: 8971:(in French). 8970: 8966: 8959: 8957: 8955: 8946: 8942: 8938: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8920: 8917:(in French). 8916: 8912: 8905: 8903: 8894: 8890: 8886: 8882: 8878: 8874: 8870: 8866: 8862: 8855: 8848: 8843: 8828: 8826: 8821: 8815: 8813: 8805: 8800: 8792: 8788: 8784: 8778: 8774: 8773: 8765: 8757: 8753: 8749: 8745: 8740: 8735: 8730: 8725: 8721: 8718:(in French). 8717: 8713: 8706: 8704: 8697:, p. 30. 8696: 8691: 8684: 8679: 8672: 8667: 8659: 8647: 8643: 8637: 8631:, p. 18. 8630: 8625: 8618: 8613: 8607:, p. 33. 8606: 8601: 8593: 8589: 8585: 8581: 8577: 8573: 8569: 8565: 8561: 8554: 8546: 8542: 8538: 8534: 8530: 8527:(in French). 8526: 8522: 8515: 8499: 8495: 8489: 8487: 8479: 8474: 8458: 8457: 8452: 8446: 8430: 8426: 8420: 8413: 8408: 8393: 8389: 8383: 8376: 8371: 8364: 8359: 8351: 8345: 8341: 8337: 8333: 8332: 8324: 8322: 8313: 8307: 8303: 8302: 8294: 8278: 8274: 8267: 8260: 8255: 8248: 8243: 8236: 8231: 8224: 8219: 8208:September 22, 8204: 8200: 8194: 8187: 8182: 8174: 8170: 8165: 8160: 8156: 8152: 8145: 8138: 8133: 8126: 8121: 8113: 8109: 8104: 8099: 8095: 8092:(in French). 8091: 8087: 8080: 8072: 8066: 8062: 8061: 8053: 8046: 8041: 8033: 8027: 8023: 8022: 8014: 8007: 8002: 7994: 7990: 7985: 7980: 7976: 7973:(in French). 7972: 7968: 7961: 7955:, p. 81. 7954: 7949: 7942: 7938: 7933: 7924: 7919: 7915: 7911: 7904: 7896: 7892: 7887: 7882: 7878: 7875:(in French). 7874: 7870: 7863: 7855: 7851: 7846: 7841: 7837: 7834:(in French). 7833: 7829: 7822: 7814: 7810: 7806: 7802: 7798: 7795:(in French). 7794: 7790: 7783: 7768: 7767: 7762: 7755: 7747: 7743: 7736: 7729: 7721: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7703: 7700:(in French). 7699: 7695: 7688: 7680: 7674: 7670: 7669: 7661: 7653: 7647: 7643: 7642: 7634: 7627: 7622: 7613: 7609: 7605: 7604: 7596: 7589: 7584: 7576: 7570: 7566: 7562: 7555: 7548: 7543: 7535: 7531: 7527: 7523: 7519: 7515: 7511: 7507: 7503: 7496: 7488: 7484: 7480: 7477:(in French). 7476: 7472: 7465: 7450: 7449: 7442: 7427: 7423: 7417: 7410: 7405: 7397: 7393: 7389: 7387:0-88619-064-9 7383: 7379: 7378: 7370: 7362: 7358: 7354: 7350: 7346: 7342: 7338: 7334: 7330: 7323: 7315: 7311: 7307: 7301: 7297: 7293: 7289: 7288: 7280: 7273: 7269: 7263: 7259: 7258:Dundurn Press 7255: 7254: 7246: 7239: 7234: 7227: 7222: 7214: 7210: 7205: 7200: 7196: 7193:(in French). 7192: 7188: 7181: 7173: 7169: 7165: 7161: 7157: 7153: 7149: 7145: 7141: 7134: 7132: 7125:, p. 63. 7124: 7119: 7112: 7107: 7105: 7096: 7090: 7086: 7085: 7077: 7069: 7068: 7060: 7053: 7048: 7046: 7038: 7033: 7031: 7024:, p. 35. 7023: 7018: 7011: 7006: 6999: 6994: 6986: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6968: 6965:(in French). 6964: 6960: 6953: 6945: 6941: 6936: 6931: 6927: 6923: 6919: 6912: 6904: 6900: 6896: 6893:(in French). 6892: 6888: 6881: 6875:, p. 63. 6874: 6869: 6861: 6857: 6852: 6847: 6843: 6840:(in French). 6839: 6835: 6828: 6820: 6816: 6809: 6802: 6795: 6790: 6782: 6778: 6773: 6768: 6764: 6761:(in French). 6760: 6756: 6749: 6742: 6737: 6730: 6725: 6718: 6713: 6706: 6701: 6699: 6691: 6686: 6679: 6674: 6667: 6662: 6660: 6652: 6647: 6639: 6632: 6625: 6623: 6621: 6613: 6608: 6601: 6596: 6589: 6584: 6577: 6572: 6566:, p. 74. 6565: 6560: 6554:, p. 73. 6553: 6548: 6541: 6536: 6520: 6517:(in French). 6516: 6512: 6505: 6497: 6493: 6489: 6485: 6481: 6477: 6473: 6470:(in French). 6469: 6462: 6455: 6447: 6443: 6439: 6435: 6428: 6412: 6408: 6404: 6398: 6396: 6389:, p. 38. 6388: 6383: 6377:, p. 59. 6376: 6371: 6364: 6359: 6352: 6347: 6341:, p. 65. 6340: 6335: 6328: 6323: 6316: 6311: 6304: 6299: 6283: 6279: 6275: 6268: 6262:, p. 58. 6261: 6256: 6250:, p. 96. 6249: 6244: 6237: 6232: 6230: 6222: 6217: 6211:, p. 23. 6210: 6205: 6198: 6193: 6186: 6181: 6175:, p. 28. 6174: 6169: 6163:, p. 57. 6162: 6157: 6151:, p. 26. 6150: 6145: 6138: 6133: 6126: 6121: 6119: 6112:, p. 70. 6111: 6106: 6099: 6094: 6086: 6082: 6078: 6074: 6070: 6066: 6062: 6055: 6053: 6051: 6035: 6031: 6025: 6019:, p. 29. 6018: 6013: 5997: 5994:(in French). 5993: 5992: 5987: 5981: 5975:, p. 17. 5974: 5969: 5961: 5958:(in French). 5957: 5953: 5947: 5945: 5943: 5936:, p. 16. 5935: 5930: 5924:, p. 27. 5923: 5918: 5912:, p. 26. 5911: 5906: 5899: 5894: 5887: 5882: 5876:, p. 15. 5875: 5870: 5868: 5861:, p. 14. 5860: 5855: 5853: 5845: 5840: 5834:, p. 21. 5833: 5828: 5821: 5816: 5814: 5812: 5810: 5808: 5806: 5804: 5802: 5800: 5798: 5796: 5794: 5792: 5790: 5788: 5786: 5784: 5782: 5780: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5752: 5746: 5738: 5734: 5727: 5716: 5715: 5707: 5699: 5695: 5691: 5688:(in French). 5687: 5683: 5676: 5670:, p. 11. 5669: 5664: 5648: 5644: 5640: 5634: 5628:, p. 12. 5627: 5622: 5620: 5618: 5616: 5608: 5603: 5601: 5584: 5580: 5573: 5565: 5561: 5557: 5551: 5547: 5546: 5538: 5536: 5531: 5515: 5510: 5504: 5496: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5478: 5475:(in French). 5474: 5470: 5462: 5453: 5446: 5445:Martin Fisher 5440: 5431: 5422: 5414: 5407: 5400: 5396: 5395:French Canada 5390: 5381: 5372: 5363: 5356: 5352: 5351:Quebec French 5346: 5337: 5333: 5325: 5323: 5319: 5315: 5311: 5306: 5304: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5286: 5281: 5280: 5275: 5265: 5263: 5259: 5255: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5230: 5228: 5224: 5220: 5219:1981 election 5216: 5215:Roch La Salle 5211: 5210: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5185: 5177: 5172: 5164: 5158: 5153: 5146: 5141: 5137: 5130: 5125: 5118: 5113: 5106: 5101: 5094: 5089: 5082: 5077: 5070: 5065: 5062: 5061: 5060: 5058: 5054: 5053:René Lévesque 5050: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5037: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5021: 5017: 5011: 5006: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4976: 4970: 4965: 4961: 4960:Autoroute 540 4957: 4953: 4941:Commemoration 4938: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4895: 4893: 4889: 4885: 4881: 4877: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4826: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4781: 4775: 4771: 4766: 4760: 4752: 4746: 4744: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4728: 4724: 4720: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4698: 4696: 4690: 4688: 4684: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4668: 4664: 4663: 4658: 4652: 4642: 4633: 4629: 4620: 4615: 4611: 4602: 4598: 4597: 4592: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4545: 4542: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4468: 4466: 4460: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4439: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4419: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4392: 4391:laid in state 4388: 4384: 4374: 4373: 4363: 4359: 4358: 4348: 4343: 4339: 4330: 4325: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4306:Schefferville 4303: 4294: 4288: 4283: 4278: 4274: 4272: 4268: 4258: 4249: 4246: 4242: 4237: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4218: 4216: 4211: 4205: 4203: 4202: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4184: 4179: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4164: 4154: 4147: 4141: 4136: 4126: 4124: 4123:1944 election 4120: 4118: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4101: 4097: 4091: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4068: 4061: 4056: 4052: 4051:Lionel Groulx 4048: 4041:1944 election 4038: 4035: 4031: 4030:1944 election 4027: 4023: 4019: 4013: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3998: 3996: 3991: 3987: 3977: 3968: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3956:snap election 3953: 3949: 3944: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3921:anti-unionism 3917: 3915: 3909: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3883: 3881: 3875: 3870: 3860: 3857: 3851: 3849: 3845: 3844:bank deposits 3841: 3832: 3831: 3825: 3821: 3816: 3806: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3782:1935 election 3778: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3723: 3718: 3714: 3707: 3701: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3688: 3687:laissez-faire 3683: 3680:, which left 3679: 3674: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3635:Rise to power 3628: 3621: 3616: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3599: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3576: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3556: 3551: 3544: 3539: 3536: 3535: 3534: 3529: 3524: 3522: 3516: 3514: 3510: 3504: 3500: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3453: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3438: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3418: 3413: 3409: 3408:Bar of Quebec 3403: 3402:Law in Quebec 3399: 3398:Bar of Quebec 3385: 3370: 3366: 3359: 3348: 3341: 3324: 3317: 3308: 3306: 3301: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3282: 3276: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3253: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3217: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3190:Brother André 3187: 3183: 3179: 3162: 3157: 3155: 3150: 3148: 3143: 3142: 3140: 3139: 3134: 3124: 3122: 3112: 3111: 3110: 3109: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3092: 3091: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3082: 3080: 3077: 3075: 3072: 3071: 3065: 3064: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2963: 2957: 2956: 2949: 2948: 2944: 2942: 2941: 2937: 2935: 2934: 2930: 2928: 2927: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2915: 2911: 2909: 2908: 2904: 2902: 2901: 2900:National Post 2897: 2895: 2894: 2890: 2888: 2887:Free Dominion 2885: 2883: 2880: 2879: 2873: 2872: 2865: 2862: 2860: 2857: 2855: 2852: 2850: 2847: 2845: 2842: 2840: 2837: 2835: 2832: 2830: 2827: 2826: 2825: 2824: 2818: 2815: 2813: 2810: 2808: 2805: 2803: 2800: 2798: 2795: 2793: 2790: 2788: 2785: 2784: 2783: 2775: 2774: 2767: 2764: 2762: 2759: 2757: 2754: 2752: 2749: 2747: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2732: 2729: 2727: 2724: 2722: 2719: 2717: 2714: 2712: 2709: 2707: 2704: 2702: 2699: 2698: 2697: 2696: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2672: 2671: 2670: 2662: 2661: 2651: 2650: 2646: 2641: 2640: 2636: 2630: 2626: 2621: 2620: 2616: 2611: 2610: 2606: 2601: 2600: 2596: 2591: 2590: 2586: 2581: 2580: 2576: 2575: 2569: 2568: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2531: 2528: 2526: 2523: 2521: 2518: 2516: 2513: 2512: 2506: 2505: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2490: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2450: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2440: 2438: 2435: 2433: 2430: 2428: 2425: 2423: 2420: 2418: 2415: 2413: 2410: 2408: 2405: 2403: 2400: 2398: 2395: 2393: 2390: 2389: 2383: 2382: 2375: 2372: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2311: 2308:Intellectuals 2305: 2304: 2297: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2271: 2267: 2266: 2260: 2259: 2252: 2249: 2247: 2244: 2242: 2241:Protectionism 2239: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2217: 2214: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2202: 2199: 2198: 2192: 2191: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2173: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2166:Social credit 2164: 2162: 2159: 2155: 2152: 2151: 2150: 2147: 2145: 2142: 2140: 2137: 2136: 2130: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2120: 2117: 2112: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2102: 2092: 2087: 2085: 2080: 2078: 2073: 2072: 2070: 2069: 2065: 2055: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2036: 2035: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2024: 2021: 2016: 2012: 2009: 2008: 2003: 2000: 1995: 1990: 1989: 1984: 1982: 1981: 1977: 1976: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1957: 1952: 1947: 1944:Investments ( 1943: 1940: 1934: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1915: 1912: 1910: 1907: 1906: 1905: 1904: 1897: 1896: 1891: 1890: 1885: 1882: 1877: 1872: 1866: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1839: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1814: 1813: 1812: 1807: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1790: 1789:1939 election 1787: 1784: 1783: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1767: 1766: 1761: 1758: 1756: 1755:1936 election 1753: 1752: 1750: 1743: 1742:1935 election 1740: 1738: 1737:1931 election 1735: 1733: 1732:1927 election 1730: 1728: 1727:1923 campaign 1725: 1723: 1720: 1719: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1699: 1698: 1697: 1696: 1687: 1673: 1670: 1666: 1665: 1662: 1661: 1649: 1647: 1645: 1643: 1641: 1639: 1637: 1635: 1633: 1631: 1629: 1627: 1625: 1623: 1622: 1619: 1617: 1616: 1610: 1609: 1606: 1605: 1596: 1595: 1590: 1589: 1583: 1575: 1574: 1571: 1570: 1565: 1564: 1559: 1558: 1549: 1548: 1545: 1544: 1531: 1530: 1525: 1524: 1517: 1511: 1510: 1507: 1506: 1501: 1500: 1495: 1494: 1489: 1488: 1485: 1484: 1475: 1474: 1469: 1468: 1461: 1460: 1452: 1451: 1448: 1447: 1442: 1441: 1436: 1435: 1430: 1429: 1426: 1425: 1408: 1407: 1404: 1403: 1395:(1890–1959), 1394: 1390: 1384: 1383: 1380: 1379: 1374: 1373: 1368: 1367: 1362: 1361: 1358: 1357: 1348: 1347: 1342: 1341: 1329: 1328: 1325: 1324: 1319: 1318: 1313: 1312: 1307: 1306: 1303: 1302: 1289: 1288: 1283: 1282: 1275: 1274:Saint-Maurice 1271: 1267: 1262:(1855–1926), 1261: 1257: 1251: 1250: 1247: 1246: 1241: 1240: 1235: 1234: 1228: 1227: 1224: 1223: 1214: 1213: 1208: 1207: 1196: 1195: 1192: 1191: 1186: 1185: 1180: 1179: 1170: 1158: 1157: 1154: 1153: 1149: 1148: 1140: 1136: 1130: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1107: 1102: 1098: 1095:(1932–33), a 1094: 1093: 1088: 1087:Samuel Genest 1082: 1077: 1070: 1065: 1062: 1061: 1060: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1049:Saint-Maurice 1046: 1045:legal counsel 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1005: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 986:Saint-Maurice 983: 979: 975: 971: 951: 948: 933: 932: 926: 921: 917: 913: 908: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 870: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 837: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 798:1923 election 795: 791: 787: 786:Bar of Quebec 783: 779: 775: 770: 768: 764: 760: 757: 753: 749: 748:anti-unionist 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 721: 716: 707: 702: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 670: 667: 665: 661: 654: 651: 650: 648: 644: 640: 637: 631: 628: 625: 621: 615: 610: 607: 605:Resting place 603: 599: 598:Schefferville 588: 584: 580: 564: 560: 555: 551: 546: 541: 538: 532: 529: 528:Lucien Moraud 526: 520: 514: 509: 504: 499: 495: 494:Bar of Quebec 490: 486: 480: 477: 474: 468: 462: 457: 453: 447: 444: 441: 435: 429: 424: 421: 417: 414: 411: 405: 402: 399: 393: 387: 382: 379: 375: 370: 367: 364: 358: 355: 352: 346: 340: 335: 332: 328: 325: 322: 316: 313: 310: 304: 298: 293: 290: 286: 283: 280: 274: 271: 268: 262: 256: 251: 248: 245: 239: 236: 235:Léon Casgrain 233: 227: 221: 216: 213: 209: 205: 199: 195: 189: 186: 183: 179: 172: 170: 167: 166: 164: 160: 154: 149: 146: 143: 137: 134: 131: 125: 119: 116: 114: 111: 109: 106: 105: 103: 99: 93: 90: 88: 85: 84: 82: 78: 72: 67: 64: 59: 55: 48: 43: 38: 29: 24: 21: 16: 15559:Para-fascism 15539:Elite theory 15497:Anti-Masonry 15388: 15327:Confucianism 15103:John Paul II 14878:Solzhenitsyn 14587:Subsidiarity 14562:Social order 14302:Centre Right 14118: 14096: 14051: 14018: 13994:Patrianovism 13981: 13943:Nacionalismo 13941: 13929: 13677: 13660: 13629: 13597: 13530: 13489:Berlusconism 13428:Cameralistic 13341:Maurrassisme 13168:State Shinto 13157:Nippon Kaigi 13155: 13143: 13031:Confucianism 12896:Conservatism 12846: 12834: 12727: 12717: 12583: 12566: 12536: 12503: 12479: 12440:. Retrieved 12434: 12420:November 28, 12418:. Retrieved 12411: 12396:. Retrieved 12391: 12378:November 28, 12376:. Retrieved 12362: 12351:November 28, 12349:. Retrieved 12342: 12327:the original 12300: 12286: 12257: 12236: 12204: 12181: 12176:Radio-Canada 12172:Hydro-Québec 12163: 12150: 12123: 12110: 12103:November 28, 12101:, retrieved 12095: 12081:Royal Family 12074:November 28, 12072:, retrieved 12066: 12057:November 28, 12055:, retrieved 12045: 12011: 12007: 11988: 11983: 11955: 11951: 11924: 11920: 11910:. Montreal: 11903: 11898: 11870: 11866: 11839: 11835: 11816: 11789: 11758: 11754: 11749: 11721: 11716: 11702: 11697: 11669: 11665: 11652: 11647: 11635:the original 11608: 11603: 11583: 11579: 11552: 11548: 11537:the original 11528: 11523: 11494: 11490: 11451: 11430: 11398: 11378: 11357: 11344:. Retrieved 11333:(PhD thesis) 11329: 11298: 11270: 11249: 11228: 11217: 11207: 11177:. Retrieved 11172: 11162: 11152: 11145: 11133:. Retrieved 11129: 11120: 11111: 11099: 11090: 11078: 11066:. Retrieved 11062: 11053: 11043:November 28, 11041:. Retrieved 11030: 11006:. Retrieved 11002: 10992: 10967: 10963: 10953: 10939:(1): 19–21. 10936: 10932: 10922: 10910: 10898: 10886: 10874: 10857: 10847: 10835:. Retrieved 10831: 10822: 10810:. Retrieved 10806: 10797: 10785:. Retrieved 10774: 10765: 10753:. Retrieved 10749: 10740: 10728:. Retrieved 10724: 10715: 10703:. Retrieved 10699: 10690: 10678: 10666: 10654:. Retrieved 10649: 10639: 10627: 10615:. Retrieved 10610: 10601: 10589: 10577:. Retrieved 10572: 10563: 10551:. Retrieved 10546: 10537: 10527:September 1, 10525:. Retrieved 10520: 10511: 10478: 10474: 10464: 10452:. Retrieved 10448:Radio-Canada 10447: 10438: 10426: 10417: 10413: 10400: 10388:. Retrieved 10383: 10374: 10362:. Retrieved 10332: 10322: 10294: 10287: 10254: 10250: 10240: 10220: 10213: 10189:(2): 39–65. 10186: 10182: 10172: 10145: 10141: 10131: 10119: 10107:. Retrieved 10103:the original 10098: 10085: 10058: 10054: 10044: 10032: 10020: 10008: 9991: 9981: 9969: 9942: 9932: 9905: 9899: 9872: 9866: 9839: 9835: 9825: 9798: 9794: 9784: 9772:. Retrieved 9767: 9761: 9753: 9741: 9729: 9702: 9690: 9678: 9653: 9649: 9639: 9627: 9615:. Retrieved 9609: 9599: 9585:(1): 30–32. 9582: 9578: 9553: 9529:(3): 70–74. 9526: 9522: 9513: 9501:. Retrieved 9497: 9487: 9475: 9468:Rumilly 1973 9463: 9443: 9436: 9416: 9409: 9389: 9382: 9362: 9355: 9343: 9331: 9319: 9311:the original 9305:Le Sud-Ouest 9303: 9294: 9282: 9270:. Retrieved 9265: 9256: 9244:. Retrieved 9240: 9230: 9211: 9191:Roberts 1963 9186: 9179:Laporte 1960 9174: 9162:. Retrieved 9156: 9146: 9134: 9107: 9103: 9093: 9081:. Retrieved 9077: 9052:. Retrieved 9048: 9021:November 28, 9019:. Retrieved 9010: 8972: 8968: 8918: 8914: 8868: 8864: 8854: 8849:, p. 1. 8842: 8830:. Retrieved 8825:Parks Canada 8823: 8799: 8771: 8764: 8719: 8715: 8695:Rumilly 1973 8690: 8678: 8666: 8656:– via 8652:December 29, 8650:. Retrieved 8645: 8636: 8624: 8612: 8605:Laporte 1960 8600: 8567: 8563: 8553: 8531:(1): 33–56. 8528: 8524: 8514: 8502:. Retrieved 8497: 8473: 8461:. Retrieved 8454: 8445: 8433:. Retrieved 8428: 8419: 8407: 8395:. Retrieved 8391: 8382: 8370: 8358: 8330: 8300: 8293: 8281:. Retrieved 8266: 8254: 8242: 8230: 8218: 8206:. Retrieved 8203:Hydro-Québec 8202: 8193: 8181: 8154: 8144: 8132: 8120: 8093: 8089: 8079: 8059: 8052: 8040: 8020: 8013: 8006:Aranoff 1984 8001: 7977:(3): 37–62. 7974: 7970: 7960: 7948: 7932: 7913: 7903: 7879:(1): 43–64. 7876: 7872: 7862: 7835: 7831: 7821: 7796: 7792: 7782: 7770:. Retrieved 7764: 7754: 7745: 7741: 7728: 7704:(4): 47–69. 7701: 7697: 7687: 7667: 7660: 7640: 7633: 7621: 7602: 7595: 7583: 7564: 7554: 7542: 7509: 7505: 7495: 7478: 7474: 7464: 7453:, retrieved 7447: 7441: 7429:. 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by 3728: 3705: 3685: 3675: 3643: 3581:Arthur Sauvé 3568:in 1920–1936 3531: 3526: 3517: 3505: 3501: 3473: 3446:criminal law 3439: 3426: 3405: 3392:Law practice 3302: 3277: 3265:Conservative 3254: 3242:Louis Hébert 3231:, Latin and 3218: 3214:Conrad Black 3202:Saint Joseph 3175: 3026:Orange Order 2947:Winnipeg Sun 2945: 2938: 2931: 2924: 2912: 2905: 2898: 2893:LifeSiteNews 2891: 2822: 2821: 2781: 2694: 2693: 2668: 2647: 2637: 2617: 2607: 2597: 2587: 2577: 2509:Commentators 2421: 2268: 2032: 2013: 2005: 1992: 1986: 1978: 1949: 1939:Murdochville 1902: 1901: 1893: 1887: 1810: 1809: 1780: 1763: 1683: 1554:police mayor 1457: 1392: 1270:Conservative 1090: 1009:conservative 1006: 978:Conservative 967: 909: 881:pro-business 857:World War II 845:minimum wage 838: 796:seat in the 778:Conservative 771: 758: 750:and fervent 732:conservative 723: 700: 699: 635:affiliations 592:(1959-09-07) 540:Paul Lacoste 535:Succeeded by 512: 483:Succeeded by 460: 450:Succeeded by 427: 408:Succeeded by 385: 361:Succeeded by 354:Oscar Drouin 338: 319:Succeeded by 296: 277:Succeeded by 254: 242:Succeeded by 219: 202:Succeeded by 152: 140:Succeeded by 108:Eugène Fiset 92:Elizabeth II 70: 20: 15: 15669:1959 deaths 15664:1890 births 15581:Reactionary 15502:Aristocracy 15474:Corporatism 15454:Agrarianism 15359:Integralism 15053:Diefenbaker 14991:Politicians 14913:Tocqueville 14628:Buckley Jr. 14582:Stewardship 14572:Sovereignty 14547:Rule of law 14495:Conventions 14485:Nationalism 14463:Imperialism 14446:Gender role 14431:Familialism 14410:Meritocracy 14405:Aristocracy 14351:Traditional 14314:New Zealand 14218:Libertarian 14026:Pinochetism 14020:Gremialismo 13977:Integralism 13967:Bolsonarism 13931:Maurrasismo 13891:Switzerland 13844:Netherlands 13737:Thatcherism 13679:Noucentisme 13593:Slavophilia 13566:Eurasianism 13457:Romanticism 13423:Prussianism 13411:Neue Rechte 13319:Bonapartism 13178:South Korea 13124:Revisionist 13076:Principlist 12979:Reactionary 12974:Progressive 12924:Corporatist 12510:1935*–1959 12486:1933–1936* 12442:December 1, 12416:(in French) 12398:February 7, 12394:(in French) 12283:"Biography" 12254:, in French 12248: [ 12241:documentary 12209: [ 12198:documentary 12186: [ 12168:documentary 12155: [ 12128: [ 12067:Royal River 11179:February 7, 11175:(in French) 11135:February 7, 11068:February 7, 11008:February 7, 10837:February 8, 10812:February 8, 10787:December 5, 10755:February 7, 10730:February 7, 10705:February 7, 10656:February 6, 10652:(in French) 10617:October 17, 10579:January 26, 10553:January 26, 10454:February 8, 10390:February 6, 10109:February 8, 10037:Geloso 2017 9774:January 26, 9617:February 1, 9503:February 1, 9336:Hébert 2000 9272:January 30, 9246:January 30, 9164:January 26, 9083:January 30, 9054:February 1, 9011:The Gazette 8832:February 6, 8504:January 24, 8463:January 24, 8435:January 24, 8397:January 24, 8363:Paulin 2005 8283:January 31, 7941:Geloso 2017 7512:(1): 3–60. 6897:(3): 9–12. 6288:December 5, 6039:December 5, 5952:"Biography" 5589:February 1, 5585:(in French) 5512: [ 5353:; see also 5305:in France. 5283: [ 5254:riot police 5155: [ 5008: [ 4967: [ 4901:, with his 4822:New Zealand 4768: [ 4715:grande peur 4678: [ 4481:Shakespeare 4465:hypospadias 4432:Jean Lesage 4408:Maurice Roy 4285: [ 4267:teetotaller 4088:syndicalism 4058: [ 3941:union shops 3929:Padlock Law 3906: [ 3759:corporatism 3735:progressive 3731:nationalist 3562:Montmorency 3519:colleague, 3479:, from his 3440:Practising 3435:World War I 3415: [ 3330: 1910 3267:serving as 3208:, history, 2933:Toronto Sun 2766:Yukon Party 2497:Vander Zalm 2417:Diefenbaker 2386:Politicians 2344:Granatstein 2246:Rule of law 2231:Nationalism 2052: [ 2018: [ 1997: [ 1963:Manicouagan 1954: [ 1931: [ 1928:Louiseville 1889:R v Boucher 1874: [ 1863: [ 1816:Elections ( 1777:Padlock Law 1711:Premiership 1002:Anglophones 920:clientelist 912:Anglophones 905:Padlock Law 736:nationalist 612: [ 543: [ 523:Preceded by 501: [ 471:Preceded by 438:Preceded by 413:Yves Gabias 396:Preceded by 349:Preceded by 307:Preceded by 265:Preceded by 230:Preceded by 192:Preceded by 169:Edward VIII 128:Preceded by 15653:Categories 15447:Ideologies 15382:background 15380:Historical 15168:Metternich 15143:Mannerheim 15018:Berlusconi 14748:La Mennais 14678:Dostoevsky 14653:Chesterton 14567:Solidarity 14532:Patriotism 14517:Organicism 14473:Monarchism 14390:Discipline 14334:Principles 14327:Philosophy 14115:Venezuela 14091:Fujimorism 13989:Monarchist 13972:Coronelism 13879:Monarchist 13867:Monarchist 13839:Luxembourg 13805:Monarchist 13700:Cameronism 13571:Monarchist 13506:Sanfedismo 13334:Legitimism 13235:Bangladesh 13214:Erdoğanism 13209:Democratic 13071:Monarchist 13066:Khomeinism 12708:Taschereau 12516:Paul Sauvé 12239:(2003), a 12193:(1997), a 12030:1240728083 11974:1060593276 11405:: Boréal. 11197:In English 10915:Lemay 2016 10061:(3): 150. 9961:1139249373 9924:1224258239 9480:Black 1977 9139:Black 1977 8804:Black 1977 8683:Black 1977 8671:Black 1977 8629:Black 1977 8617:Black 1977 8478:Black 1977 8412:Black 1977 8375:Black 1977 8223:Quinn 1979 7953:Quinn 1979 7588:Black 1977 7547:Jones 2000 7314:1273427474 7238:Dumas 2019 6794:Jones 2000 6705:Dirks 1991 6588:Dirks 1991 6576:Dirks 1991 6564:Black 1977 6552:Black 1977 6540:Dirks 1991 6387:Dirks 1991 6375:Black 1977 6363:Black 1977 6351:Dirks 1991 6315:Black 1977 6303:Jones 2000 6236:Black 1977 6221:Black 1977 6209:Dirks 1991 6197:Black 1977 6185:Black 1977 6173:Black 1977 6149:Black 1977 6137:Black 1977 6125:Black 1977 6110:Black 1977 6098:Black 1977 5973:Black 1977 5934:Black 1977 5922:Black 1977 5898:Black 1977 5886:Black 1977 5874:Black 1977 5859:Black 1977 5844:Black 1977 5668:Black 1977 5626:Black 1977 5526:References 5178:beer label 4888:separatism 4884:Australian 4876:Queensland 4844:Juan Perón 4667:Le Devoir, 4662:Cité Libre 4198:, notably 3813:See also: 3763:capitalism 3739:Paul Gouin 3663:Dorchester 3655:Sherbrooke 3589:Paul Sauvé 3583:, MLA for 3460:See also: 3444:more than 3396:See also: 3250:New France 3246:colonizers 2914:Rebel News 2844:Parti bleu 2823:Provincial 2695:Provincial 2649:Whiteshift 2572:Literature 2226:Monarchism 2206:Federalism 2195:Principles 2039:Toponyms ( 2007:Cité Libre 1855:Censorship 1706:Law career 990:Yamachiche 984:(MLA) for 959:Early life 901:Communists 814:Paul Gouin 761:dominated 675:Profession 664:Alma mater 641:(pre 1936) 572:1890-04-20 145:Paul Sauvé 15278:de Valera 15238:Salisbury 15183:Netanyahu 15138:Macdonald 15108:Kaczyński 15088:de Gaulle 15048:Churchill 15028:Bolsonaro 15013:Andreotti 14853:Santayana 14818:Oakeshott 14778:Mansfield 14658:Coleridge 14608:Bainville 14592:Tradition 14527:Orthodoxy 14346:Authority 14297:Australia 14260:Reaganism 14250:Old Right 14233:Tea Party 14223:Fusionism 14109:Herrerism 14071:Guatemala 13918:Argentina 13857:Miguelist 13853:Portugal 13732:Powellism 13656:Integrism 13644:Francoism 13620:Alfonsism 13543:Sarmatism 13433:Socialist 13371:Sarkozysm 13357:Orléanism 13277:Chiangism 13267:Singapore 13240:Hong Kong 13191:New Right 13119:Religious 13026:Chiangism 12984:Religious 12969:Pragmatic 12905:by region 12808:Couillard 12728:Duplessis 12718:Duplessis 12112:Duplessis 11943:932844546 11889:800754717 11858:705507561 11631:757072371 11483:In French 11475:993526903 11341:303286240 11271:Duplessis 11173:Le Devoir 10984:0318-9201 10945:0892-7634 10866:0382-0335 10650:Le Devoir 10503:157470343 10495:0008-4239 10384:Le Devoir 10359:226550013 10279:145695031 10271:1038-3441 10205:1492-8647 10164:0035-2357 10077:1201-0421 10000:0829-7983 9858:1201-0421 9842:(1): 56. 9817:1492-8647 9722:Dion 1993 9670:0294-1759 9656:(1): 43. 9591:1201-4710 9545:1201-0421 9266:Le Devoir 9126:0035-2357 8989:0034-1282 8945:202451802 8937:0044-9423 8893:213390487 8885:1918-6576 8847:Nish 1970 8756:238006039 8748:1920-602X 8592:165324501 8584:0008-3755 8545:0035-2357 8498:Le Devoir 8456:La Presse 8340:iUniverse 8173:0575-089X 8112:0001-771X 7993:1201-0421 7895:1201-0421 7854:0035-2357 7813:1203-9438 7720:0035-2357 7534:154428610 7526:0008-4239 7487:1911-9372 7481:(1): 17. 7361:143822838 7353:0737-8262 7213:0035-2357 7172:151664349 7164:0021-9495 7022:Dion 1993 6985:0038-030X 6944:1916-0925 6903:0829-7983 6860:0035-2357 6781:0001-771X 6496:143626993 6488:0035-2357 6077:0024-6816 5763:0040-781X 5698:0829-7983 5692:(4): 66. 5583:La Presse 5564:180704153 5495:0035-2357 5279:bâtonnier 5136:Côte-Nord 5036:Duplessis 4931:Québécois 4848:Argentina 4842:, and of 4840:Louisiana 4836:Huey Long 4798:illiberal 4596:Le Soleil 4541:Léon Dion 4453:godfather 4424:désormais 4172:kickbacks 4111:Holocaust 4067:Le Devoir 3830:Catechism 3767:communism 3627:Blue Room 3442:civil law 3281:sacerdocy 2619:Harperism 2492:Stanfield 2477:Poilievre 2457:Macdonald 2422:Duplessis 2319:Blackwood 2251:Tradition 2041:autoroute 1988:Le Devoir 1914:Baby boom 1139:Champlain 954:Biography 873:Côte-Nord 683:Signature 517:1937–1938 513:In office 461:In office 428:In office 386:In office 339:In office 297:In office 255:In office 220:In office 173:George VI 153:In office 87:George VI 71:In office 61:16th 15613:European 15349:Islamism 15332:Hindutva 15302:Religion 15273:Vajpayee 15263:Trujillo 15258:Thatcher 15248:Stolypin 15203:Pinochet 15118:Khomeini 15113:Khamenei 15083:Fujimori 15068:Dollfuss 15058:Disraeli 15023:Bismarck 15008:Adenauer 14936:Politics 14923:Voegelin 14893:Spengler 14863:Schlegel 14828:Peterson 14788:Menéndez 14763:Leontiev 14733:Karamzin 14708:Hitchens 14478:Royalism 14383:Pro-Life 14275:Trumpism 14240:Movement 14159:Trumpism 14154:Populism 14105:Uruguay 14098:Odriismo 14047:Colombia 14001:Populism 13937:Menemism 13863:Romania 13822:Populist 13817:Metaxism 13801:Georgia 13662:Mellismo 13588:Putinism 13561:Duginism 13469:Völkisch 13399:Hegelian 13394:Agrarian 13324:Gaullism 13255:Pakistan 13250:Malaysia 13186:Ilminism 13104:Kahanism 12964:Populist 12954:National 12949:Moderate 12929:Cultural 12788:Bouchard 12783:Parizeau 12773:Bourassa 12763:Lévesque 12758:Bourassa 12753:Bertrand 12738:Barrette 12693:Marchand 12658:Mousseau 12653:Chapleau 12633:Chauveau 12372:Archived 12195:two-part 12093:(1972), 11808:43847172 11781:78036516 11740:31780340 11688:19396822 11421:20357831 11403:Montreal 11337:ProQuest 11206:(1960). 11037:Archived 10781:Archived 10420:: 77–89. 10364:March 7, 9891:46629380 9015:Archived 8915:Archives 8791:24540448 7772:July 17, 7616:, p. 118 7396:16043516 6519:Archived 6411:Archived 6282:Archived 5996:Archived 5647:Archived 5301:and the 5192:Asbestos 5025:for the 5020:directed 4956:Saguenay 4878:Premier 4818:Manitoba 4477:Tennyson 4430:, which 4387:embalmed 4271:diabetes 4210:populism 4183:de facto 4107:Liberals 3895:orphaned 3794:November 3323:postcard 3273:Berthier 3229:theology 3192:), then 3182:Montreal 2472:Mulroney 2452:Lougheed 2392:Aberhart 2374:Peterson 2359:Kaufmann 2334:Flanagan 2329:Farthing 2221:Loyalism 2154:Trumpism 2106:a series 1924:Asbestos 1811:Politics 1582:Montreal 1459:greffier 1272:MLA for 1118:MLA for 1051:seat in 994:Scottish 752:Catholic 740:populist 655:(father) 162:Monarchs 80:Monarchs 15440:Related 15288:Zemmour 15253:Suharto 15233:Salazar 15163:Metaxas 15158:Menzies 15153:Maurras 15073:Erdoğan 15063:Dmowski 15038:Canning 15033:GW Bush 14903:Strauss 14873:Scruton 14868:Schmitt 14858:Savigny 14843:Rivarol 14813:Novalis 14783:Maurras 14773:Maistre 14758:Le Play 14723:Johnson 14643:Carlyle 14638:Burnham 14613:Barruel 14500:Customs 14468:Loyalty 14400:Elitism 14289:Oceania 14176:Toryism 14086:Peruvia 14059:Uribism 14053:Rojismo 13983:Janismo 13896:Ukraine 13834:Iceland 13829:Hungary 13797:Finland 13792:Denmark 13780:Belgium 13775:Austria 13742:Toryism 13692:Kingdom 13668:Maurism 13625:Carlism 13581:Tsarism 13532:Kaczyzm 13386:Germany 13145:Minzoku 13109:Zionism 12944:Liberal 12903:Schools 12813:Legault 12798:Charest 12723:Godbout 12713:Godbout 12683:Taillon 12673:Mercier 12668:Taillon 11571:6304966 11513:5838209 11309:Press. 11303:Toronto 11290:3033534 11093:. 2022. 9307:borough 7455:July 6, 7431:May 23, 6085:4232361 5246:Bill 78 4927:Bill 21 4921:party, 4852:fascism 4814:Ontario 4782:(named 4733:"; and 4517:croquet 3962:(which 3433:during 3248:of the 3172:Studies 3068:Related 3006:LGBTory 2782:Federal 2669:Federal 2540:McInnes 2364:Leacock 2324:Byfield 2263:History 2171:Toryism 2133:Schools 1903:Economy 1116:Liberal 822:in 1935 802:in 1927 772:Son of 724:Le Chef 15569:Europe 15228:Reagan 15213:Powell 15173:Mobutu 15148:Marcos 15128:Le Pen 15098:Horthy 15093:Harper 15078:Franco 15043:Chiang 14918:Uvarov 14883:Sowell 14808:Nisbet 14803:Newman 14798:Müller 14753:Le Bon 14728:Jünger 14703:Haller 14693:Fardid 14673:Dávila 14668:Cortés 14623:Bonald 14618:Belloc 14458:Honour 14265:Social 14205:States 14203:United 14171:Social 14146:Canada 14095: 14081:Panama 14076:Mexico 14042:Belize 13959:Brazil 13886:Sweden 13874:Serbia 13849:Norway 13812:Greece 13785:Rexism 13757:Social 13690:United 13553:Russia 13518:Poland 13302:France 13293:Europe 13272:Taiwan 13260:Ziaism 13201:Turkey 13099:Jewish 13086:Israel 12989:Social 12934:Fiscal 12803:Marois 12793:Landry 12743:Lesage 12698:Parent 12638:Ouimet 12319: 12309:Ottawa 12162:(1997) 12117:series 12053:, 1939 12028: 12018: 11995: 11972: 11962: 11941: 11931: 11906:] 11887: 11877: 11856: 11846: 11823: 11806: 11796: 11779: 11769: 11761:] 11738: 11728: 11705:] 11686: 11676: 11629: 11619: 11611:] 11590: 11569: 11559: 11531:] 11511: 11501: 11473: 11463: 11438: 11419: 11409: 11386: 11365: 11339: 11313: 11288: 11278: 11257: 11236: 10982: 10943: 10864: 10501: 10493: 10357: 10347: 10310: 10277: 10269: 10228: 10203: 10162: 10075: 9998: 9959: 9949: 9922: 9912: 9889: 9879: 9856: 9815: 9668: 9589: 9543: 9451: 9424: 9397: 9370: 9218: 9124: 8987: 8943: 8935: 8891: 8883: 8789: 8779: 8754: 8746: 8590: 8582: 8543: 8346: 8308: 8171: 8110: 8067: 8028: 7991: 7893: 7852: 7811: 7748:: 106. 7718: 7675: 7648: 7571: 7532: 7524: 7485: 7394: 7384: 7359: 7351: 7312: 7302: 7292:Ottawa 7264: 7211: 7170: 7162: 7091: 6983: 6942: 6901: 6858: 6779: 6494: 6486: 6083: 6075: 5761: 5696: 5562: 5552: 5493: 4864:Russia 4789:et al. 4780:et al. 4731:notary 4599:, 1977 4412:Quebec 4310:stroke 3995:hernia 3669:, the 3468:, and 3450:Winton 3371:, 1911 3206:French 3198:rector 3194:porter 3041:Rumble 2653:(2018) 2643:(2018) 2633:(2017) 2623:(2014) 2613:(1999) 2603:(1998) 2593:(1965) 2583:(1891) 2545:Murphy 2535:Levant 2530:Jivani 2482:Roblin 2442:Harris 2437:Harper 2427:Filmon 2407:Borden 2369:Pageau 2354:Groulx 2339:Gilley 1701:Family 964:Family 914:, the 720:byname 678:Lawyer 646:Parent 15268:Trump 15243:Smith 15223:Putin 15188:Orbán 15003:Adams 14908:Taine 14898:Stahl 14888:Spann 14848:Röpke 14838:Renan 14833:Ranke 14768:Lewis 14718:Iorga 14698:Gentz 14688:Evola 14683:Eliot 14663:Comte 14633:Burke 14505:Mores 14490:Norms 14255:Paleo 14228:Paleo 14035:Other 14011:Chile 13768:Other 13705:Civic 13612:Spain 13481:Italy 13445:Young 13245:India 13228:Other 13136:Japan 13018:China 12999:Ultra 12939:Green 12733:Sauvé 12703:Gouin 12688:Flynn 12542:1932– 12330:(PDF) 12305:(PDF) 12252:] 12213:] 12190:] 12174:from 12159:] 12132:] 12010:[ 11987:[ 11954:[ 11923:[ 11908:(PDF) 11902:[ 11869:[ 11838:[ 11763:(PDF) 11753:[ 11720:[ 11707:(PDF) 11701:[ 11668:[ 11651:[ 11638:(PDF) 11613:(PDF) 11607:[ 11582:[ 11551:[ 11540:(PDF) 11533:(PDF) 11527:[ 11493:[ 11192:Books 11108:(PDF) 11087:(PDF) 10499:S2CID 10410:(PDF) 10355:S2CID 10275:S2CID 10095:(PDF) 8941:S2CID 8889:S2CID 8752:S2CID 8722:(1). 8588:S2CID 7738:(PDF) 7530:S2CID 7357:S2CID 7168:S2CID 6811:(PDF) 6634:(PDF) 6492:S2CID 6464:(PDF) 6081:JSTOR 5718:(PDF) 5516:] 5355:cheuf 5328:Notes 5287:] 5204:Gogol 5159:] 5012:] 4971:] 4772:] 4753:label 4682:] 4617:Video 4563:Audio 4345:Video 4327:Audio 4289:] 4192:Nazis 4062:] 3910:] 3419:] 3233:Greek 3210:Latin 2876:Media 2560:Steyn 2555:Speer 2550:Segal 2487:Smith 2447:Klein 2412:Davis 2349:Grant 2314:Black 2056:] 2022:] 2001:] 1958:] 1935:] 1878:] 1867:] 1336:1900) 998:Irish 616:] 547:] 505:] 15586:Neo- 15208:Pitt 15193:Park 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