542:" at the end of 2011. Currently (in February 2020), there exist five independent research groups at MPQ. In addition to Masaki Hori's antimatter spectroscopy group, there is the Rydberg Dressed Quantum Many-Body Systems Group (Dr. Christian Groß), the Otto Hahn Group on Quantum Networks (Dr. Andreas Reiserer), the Theory of Quantum Matter Group (Dr. Richard Schmidt), and the Entanglement of Complex Quantum Systems Group (Prof. Dr. Norbert Schuch).
317:
27:
136:
522:) received funding to set up the research group Attosecond Dynamics. In 2007 a further research group was founded, on Attosecond Imaging, led by Dr. Matthias Kling. In January 2008 Dr. Masaki Hori established his group on Antimatter Spectroscopy, followed by the Ultrafast Quantum Optics group of Dr. Peter Hommelhoff (now at the
572:. Prof. Bloch is successor of Prof. Theodor W. Hänsch, who normally would have retired as director at MPQ in 2009. Due to special agreements Prof. Hänsch will remain professor at the LMU and director at the MPQ at least until 2016. One research focus of Prof. Bloch is the investigation of ultracold quantum gases in
583:
In 2023, Ferenc Krausz, Director at the Max Planck
Institute of Quantum Optics and Professor at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, together with Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L'Huillier, has been honoured with the Nobel Prize in Physics. The Nobel Committee is honouring the two
509:
Professor Karl-Ludwig Kompa was the last founding father of the institute to retire in 2006. In parallel with these retirements three new research divisions and several independent research groups were established: In 2004 the
Attosecond Driver Laser Group was formed, whose leader Dr. Andrius
501:
At the beginning of 2003 Professor
Herbert Walther acquired emeritus status, but continued his research work as head of the Laser Physics Emeritus Group until his death in July 2006. His successor as director at the MPQ and professor at the LMU is Professor Ferenc Krausz (previously
459:
The institute was initially accommodated on the premises of the Max Planck
Institute for Plasma Physics, but eventually moved to its new building in July, 1986, officially separating from the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics. With the appointment of
451:
research, quantum optics and spectroscopy were the goals of the project group, which was established in 1976 and consisted of 46 members. In 1981 the staff numbers had risen to 82 and the institute was comprising the divisions of Laser
Physics (Prof.
1290:
1237:
597:
programmes, namely the "International Max-Planck
Research School (IMPRS) on Advanced Photon Science" and the "International PhD Programme of Excellence on Quantum Computing, Control and Communication" together with the
472:, which ensured close links between MPQ and the university complex in Munich. After the retirement of Siegbert Witkowski in 1993, the research on the high energy laser was stopped and other research areas were started.
1270:
430:
of degenerate quantum gases, attosecond physics, development of new radiation and particle sources for fundamental and medical applications, etc. There used to be a group at MPQ that conducted experiments on
1265:
256:
510:
Baltuska took up a professorship at the
Technical University of Vienna in 2006. The same year also the Quantum Simulations with Trapped Ions Group was founded, led by Dr. Tobias Schätz (now at the
1046:
1260:
936:
1051:
1255:
851:
1285:
1275:
1106:
946:
1326:
921:
427:
906:
896:
1351:
1280:
490:, led by Dr. Karsten Danzmann, moved to Hanover where the first test measurements were carried out in the experiment. Since then that group has been a part of the
1056:
1126:
971:
941:
628:
44:
1011:
1006:
911:
1071:
751:
713:
1121:
1101:
1041:
1026:
956:
1321:
1156:
831:
1341:
1136:
1091:
91:
1638:
1151:
991:
871:
418:
The institute investigates the interaction of light and matter. Its faculty members conduct research in topics such as theoretical quantum optics,
63:
1346:
1196:
1061:
996:
976:
926:
916:
1306:
1216:
1206:
1096:
986:
881:
70:
1211:
1191:
1116:
966:
961:
931:
515:
443:
The Max-Planck-Institute for
Quantum Optics was founded on January 1, 1981. It was a successor of a project group for laser research of the
1648:
1146:
1086:
1031:
836:
802:
468:) as new director, the institute grew significantly. Hänsch established the Laser Spectroscopy Division and was also given a chair at the
981:
77:
1176:
1016:
1001:
876:
1201:
1166:
1076:
951:
1186:
1141:
866:
59:
559:"for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique"
1161:
891:
444:
1036:
599:
469:
1316:
856:
846:
1633:
1336:
1331:
1111:
1081:
1066:
1021:
861:
1171:
901:
886:
841:
577:
110:
576:. These systems may help to model solid states and to get a better understanding of special properties such as e.g.
84:
1311:
1131:
795:
523:
1643:
607:
1628:
603:
503:
422:, ultra-high-resolution laser spectroscopy, quantum physics of ultra-cold atoms, development of components for
48:
1516:
821:
491:
1232:
324:
and 2023 Nobel Prize winner Krausz in a single frame (picture dated 03rd
October, 2023) in the MPQ premises.
375:
788:
565:
the Nobel Prize is referring to has been developed in his Laser
Spectroscopy Division in the late 1990s.
1591:
689:
419:
527:
498:) accepted a call as director at the MPQ and set up the first Theory Division at the institute.
495:
480:
37:
1462:
173:
1584:
1540:
550:
511:
531:
693:
406:
1522:
546:
494:(Potsdam) that was founded in 1995. In the same year (2001) Professor Ignacio Cirac (then
351:
321:
8:
535:
518:) set up his Laboratory of Photonics at the MPQ. In 2006 Dr. Reinhard Kienberger (now at
487:
465:
301:
456:), Laser Chemistry (Prof. Karl-Ludwig Kompa) and Laser Plasma (Dr. Siegbert Witkowski).
1480:
1468:
811:
432:
305:
270:
1238:
Max Planck Harvard Research Center for the Archaeoscience of the Ancient Mediterranean
483:) was appointed as director at the MPQ, and the Quantum Dynamics Division was set up.
1564:
568:
On 1 August 2008 a fifth division Quantum Many Body Systems was established by Prof.
743:
Hompeage of The International Max Planck Research School on Advanced Photon Science
461:
1605:
1558:
1409:
423:
357:
1546:
1510:
1373:
669:
573:
453:
260:
1492:
1415:
1391:
569:
562:
368:
1379:
649:
534:) started his research group on Attoelectronics. Dr. Randolf Pohl (now at the
1622:
1598:
1570:
1552:
1456:
1450:
1432:
766:
753:
476:
361:
338:
297:
519:
1528:
1498:
1486:
1444:
1438:
1397:
554:
539:
448:
347:
1534:
1504:
1474:
1403:
1385:
334:
506:). Professor Krausz has led the Attosecond Physics Division since 2003.
391:
293:
1367:
780:
397:
316:
26:
388:
RyD-QMB, Rydberg Dressed Quantum Many-Body Systems (Christian Groß)
281:
285:
274:
177:
289:
135:
742:
594:
344:
737:
238:
738:
Homepage of the Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics
650:"MPI for Gravitational Physics: CV of Karsten Danzmann"
584:
researchers for the foundation of attosecond physics.
714:"History of Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics"
629:"Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics (Research)"
288:, which in turn is located 10 km north-east of
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
308:, quantum dynamics and quantum many body systems.
1620:
1352:Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding
796:
514:). In 2005 Dr. Tobias Kippenberg (now at the
292:. Five research groups work in the fields of
1047:Comparative Public Law and International Law
538:) started to establish his research group "
409:of Complex Quantum Systems (Norbert Schuch)
803:
789:
403:Theory of Quantum Matter (Richard Schmidt)
134:
1291:Ultrafast Imaging and Structural Dynamics
1052:Comparative and International Private Law
400:Group Quantum Networks (Andreas Reiserer)
273:which operates 87 research facilities in
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
516:Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
315:
60:"Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics"
1639:Research institutes established in 1981
937:Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity
445:Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics
124:Max-Planck-Institute for Quantum Optics
1621:
810:
600:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
526:) in April 2008. In December 2010 Dr.
470:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
248:Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics
947:Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems
784:
1327:Foreign and International Social Law
1271:Molecular and Cellular Life Sciences
266:Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik
129:Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik
49:adding citations to reliable sources
20:
1649:1981 establishments in West Germany
897:Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics
587:
13:
907:Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences
578:high temperature superconductivity
382:
14:
1660:
731:
690:"The Nobel Prize in Physics 2005"
922:Study of Crime, Security and Law
524:University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
25:
608:Vienna University of Technology
36:needs additional citations for
1266:Molecular and Cellular Biology
942:Dynamics and Self-Organization
706:
682:
662:
642:
621:
604:Technical University of Munich
504:Technical University of Vienna
486:In 2001 the Research Group on
1:
1012:Immunobiology and Epigenetics
972:Friedrich Miescher Laboratory
614:
492:MPI for Gravitational Physics
18:Research institute in Germany
1057:Social Law and Social Policy
912:Research on Collective Goods
376:Juan Ignacio Cirac Sasturain
328:
311:
280:The institute is located in
7:
1634:Physics research institutes
1517:Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard
1072:Mathematics in the Sciences
413:
367:Quantum many body systems (
10:
1665:
1593:Max Planck Digital Library
1322:Experimental Endocrinology
1233:Ernst Strüngmann Institute
1157:Molecular Plant Physiology
1127:Physics of Complex Systems
1122:Chemical Physics of Solids
1102:Multidisciplinary Sciences
1042:Tax Law and Public Finance
1027:Innovation and Competition
957:Chemical Energy Conversion
438:
428:Bose Einstein condensation
420:quantum information theory
394:spectroscopy (Masaki Hori)
1580:
1425:
1360:
1299:
1246:
1225:
832:Evolutionary Anthropology
820:
234:
224:
216:
206:
198:Current managing director
196:
186:
166:
158:
150:
142:
133:
128:
1342:Physics and Astrophysics
1137:Extraterrestrial Physics
1107:Neurobiology of Behavior
1092:Terrestrial Microbiology
1007:Science of Human History
716:. The Max Planck Society
631:. The Max Planck Society
447:. The use of lasers for
320:2005 Nobel prize winner
239:http://www.mpq.mpg.de/en
1261:Heart and Lung Research
1152:Plant Breeding Research
992:Heart and Lung Research
917:Colloids and Interfaces
872:Biological Intelligence
593:MPQ offers two special
528:Elefterios Goulielmakis
496:University of Innsbruck
481:University of Constance
1586:Kaiser Wilhelm Society
1541:Emmanuelle Charpentier
1347:Psychological Research
1097:Microstructure Physics
1062:European Legal History
967:Neuroscience (Florida)
927:Biological Cybernetics
857:Art History (Florence)
551:Nobel Prize in Physics
512:University of Freiburg
426:and quantum networks,
325:
264:
1629:Max Planck Institutes
1307:Behavioral Physiology
1226:Associated institutes
1217:Sustainable Materials
1207:Solar System Research
987:Gravitational Physics
977:Fritz Haber Institute
882:Molecular Biomedicine
767:48.25944°N 11.66667°E
670:"MPQ Research Groups"
532:University of Rostock
319:
1644:Garching bei München
1463:Georges J. F. Köhler
1256:Evolutionary Biology
1212:Solid State Research
1192:Security and Privacy
1147:Molecular Physiology
962:Evolutionary Biology
932:Demographic Research
694:The Nobel Foundation
174:Garching bei München
45:improve this article
1087:Marine Microbiology
1032:Intelligent Systems
837:Social Anthropology
763: /
536:University of Mainz
488:Gravitational Waves
466:Stanford University
433:gravitational waves
302:quantum information
269:) is a part of the
208:Parent organization
125:
1481:Johann Deisenhofer
1469:Klaus von Klitzing
1286:Organismal Biology
1197:Study of Societies
997:History of Science
982:Molecular Genetics
852:Art History (Rome)
813:Max Planck Society
772:48.25944; 11.66667
475:In 1999 Professor
335:Attosecond physics
326:
306:laser spectroscopy
271:Max Planck Society
123:
1616:
1615:
1523:Theodor W. Hänsch
1300:Former institutes
1276:Molecular Biology
1177:Psycholinguistics
1017:Infection Biology
1002:Human Development
877:Biology of Ageing
547:Theodor W. Hänsch
424:quantum computers
352:Theodor W. Hänsch
322:Theodor W. Hänsch
244:
243:
121:
120:
113:
95:
1656:
1608:
1607:Schloss Ringberg
1601:
1594:
1587:
1559:Klaus Hasselmann
1410:Martin Stratmann
1249:research schools
1202:Software Systems
1167:Polymer Research
1117:Science of Light
1077:Medical Research
952:Chemical Ecology
824:
814:
805:
798:
791:
782:
781:
778:
777:
775:
774:
773:
768:
764:
761:
760:
759:
756:
725:
724:
722:
721:
710:
704:
703:
701:
700:
686:
680:
679:
677:
676:
666:
660:
659:
657:
656:
646:
640:
639:
637:
636:
625:
588:Degree programme
574:optical lattices
553:, together with
549:was awarded the
358:Quantum dynamics
259:
138:
126:
122:
116:
109:
105:
102:
96:
94:
53:
29:
21:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1606:
1599:
1592:
1585:
1576:
1547:Reinhard Genzel
1511:Paul J. Crutzen
1426:Nobel laureates
1421:
1374:Adolf Butenandt
1356:
1295:
1248:
1242:
1221:
1187:Radio Astronomy
1142:Nuclear Physics
867:Biogeochemistry
822:
816:
812:
809:
771:
769:
765:
762:
757:
754:
752:
750:
749:
734:
729:
728:
719:
717:
712:
711:
707:
698:
696:
688:
687:
683:
674:
672:
668:
667:
663:
654:
652:
648:
647:
643:
634:
632:
627:
626:
622:
617:
590:
454:Herbert Walther
441:
416:
385:
383:Research groups
331:
314:
255:
250:(abbreviation:
227:
209:
199:
189:
182:
117:
106:
100:
97:
54:
52:
42:
30:
19:
12:
11:
5:
1662:
1652:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1603:
1596:
1589:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1538:
1535:Stefan W. Hell
1532:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1493:Hartmut Michel
1490:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1416:Patrick Cramer
1413:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1392:Hans F. Zacher
1389:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1252:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1182:Quantum Optics
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1162:Plasma Physics
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
892:Brain Research
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
828:
826:
818:
817:
808:
807:
800:
793:
785:
747:
746:
740:
733:
732:External links
730:
727:
726:
705:
681:
661:
641:
619:
618:
616:
613:
612:
611:
589:
586:
570:Immanuel Bloch
563:frequency comb
462:Theodor Hänsch
440:
437:
415:
412:
411:
410:
404:
401:
395:
389:
384:
381:
380:
379:
372:
369:Immanuel Bloch
365:
355:
342:
330:
327:
313:
310:
242:
241:
236:
232:
231:
228:
225:
222:
221:
218:
214:
213:
210:
207:
204:
203:
200:
197:
194:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
181:
180:
170:
168:
164:
163:
160:
156:
155:
152:
148:
147:
144:
140:
139:
131:
130:
119:
118:
33:
31:
24:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1661:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1609:
1604:
1602:
1600:Harnack Medal
1597:
1595:
1590:
1588:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1572:
1571:Ferenc Krausz
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1553:Benjamin List
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1457:Konrad Lorenz
1455:
1452:
1451:Manfred Eigen
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1433:Walther Bothe
1431:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1281:Neurosciences
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1247:International
1245:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1037:Coal Research
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
829:
827:
825:
819:
815:
806:
801:
799:
794:
792:
787:
786:
783:
779:
776:
744:
741:
739:
736:
735:
715:
709:
695:
691:
685:
671:
665:
651:
645:
630:
624:
620:
609:
605:
601:
596:
592:
591:
585:
581:
579:
575:
571:
566:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
543:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
507:
505:
499:
497:
493:
489:
484:
482:
478:
477:Gerhard Rempe
473:
471:
467:
463:
457:
455:
450:
446:
436:
434:
429:
425:
421:
408:
405:
402:
399:
396:
393:
390:
387:
386:
377:
373:
370:
366:
363:
362:Gerhard Rempe
359:
356:
353:
349:
346:
343:
340:
339:Ferenc Krausz
336:
333:
332:
323:
318:
309:
307:
303:
299:
298:laser physics
295:
291:
287:
283:
278:
276:
272:
268:
267:
262:
258:
253:
249:
240:
237:
233:
229:
223:
219:
215:
211:
205:
202:Ignacio Cirac
201:
195:
191:
185:
179:
175:
172:
171:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
132:
127:
115:
112:
104:
101:February 2013
93:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
69:
65:
62: –
61:
57:
56:Find sources:
50:
46:
40:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
16:
1565:Svante Pääbo
1529:Gerhard Ertl
1499:Bert Sakmann
1487:Robert Huber
1445:Feodor Lynen
1439:Karl Ziegler
1418:(since 2023)
1398:Hubert Markl
1332:Neurobiology
1317:Cell Biology
1181:
862:Biochemistry
847:Astrophysics
748:
718:. Retrieved
708:
697:. Retrieved
684:
673:. Retrieved
664:
653:. Retrieved
644:
633:. Retrieved
623:
582:
567:
558:
555:John L. Hall
544:
540:Muonic Atoms
530:(now at the
508:
500:
485:
474:
458:
442:
417:
407:Entanglement
348:spectroscopy
279:
265:
251:
247:
245:
217:Affiliations
188:Membership
159:Headquarters
143:Abbreviation
107:
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
15:
1505:Erwin Neher
1475:Ernst Ruska
1412:(2014–2023)
1406:(2002–2014)
1404:Peter Gruss
1400:(1996–2002)
1394:(1990–1996)
1388:(1984–1990)
1386:Heinz Staab
1382:(1972–1984)
1380:Reimar Lüst
1376:(1960–1972)
1370:(1948–1960)
1337:Ornithology
1112:Ornithology
1082:Meteorology
1067:Mathematics
1022:Informatics
770: /
745:(IMPRS-APS)
1623:Categories
1361:Presidents
1172:Psychiatry
887:Biophysics
823:Institutes
755:48°15′34″N
720:2007-12-21
699:2007-12-21
675:2020-02-19
655:2020-02-19
635:2007-12-21
615:References
520:TU München
392:Antimatter
294:attosecond
71:newspapers
1368:Otto Hahn
902:Chemistry
842:Astronomy
758:11°40′0″E
545:In 2005,
464:(then at
398:Otto Hahn
329:Divisions
312:Structure
296:physics,
257:‹See Tfd›
151:Formation
606:and the
414:Research
374:Theory (
304:theory,
282:Garching
220:LMU, TUM
167:Location
1312:Biology
1132:Physics
439:History
286:Germany
275:Germany
235:Website
226:Staff
178:Germany
85:scholar
1573:(2023)
1567:(2022)
1561:(2021)
1555:(2021)
1549:(2020)
1543:(2020)
1537:(2014)
1531:(2007)
1525:(2005)
1519:(1995)
1513:(1995)
1507:(1991)
1501:(1991)
1495:(1988)
1489:(1988)
1483:(1988)
1477:(1986)
1471:(1985)
1465:(1984)
1459:(1973)
1453:(1967)
1447:(1964)
1441:(1963)
1435:(1954)
602:, the
561:. The
479:(then
449:fusion
290:Munich
261:German
162:Munich
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
595:Ph.D.
345:Laser
92:JSTOR
78:books
246:The
154:1981
64:news
252:MPQ
230:400
212:MPG
192:400
146:MPQ
47:by
1625::
692:.
580:.
557:,
435:.
300:,
284:,
277:.
263::
254:;
176:,
804:e
797:t
790:v
723:.
702:.
678:.
658:.
638:.
610:.
378:)
371:)
364:)
360:(
354:)
350:(
341:)
337:(
114:)
108:(
103:)
99:(
89:·
82:·
75:·
68:·
41:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.