1831:. This exhibition and its attendant catalogue—and international publicity—revealed to a wide audience the new world which had latterly been opened up by progress in decipherment of Maya hieroglyphics. Not only could a real history of ancient America now be read and understood, but the light it shed on the material remains of the Maya showed them to be real, recognisable individuals. They stood revealed as a people with a history like that of all other human societies: full of wars, dynastic struggles, shifting political alliances, complex religious and artistic systems, expressions of personal property and ownership and the like. Moreover, the new interpretation, as the exhibition demonstrated, made sense out of many works of art whose meaning had been unclear and showed how the material culture of the Maya represented a fully integrated cultural system and world-view. Gone was the old Thompson view of the Maya as peaceable astronomers without conflict or other attributes characteristic of most human societies.
1520:
1401:. The authors demonstrated that there were many place-names-proper, some real, some mythological, mentioned in the hieroglyphic inscriptions. Some of these place names also appeared in the "emblem glyphs", some were attested in the "titles of origin" (expressions like "a person from Lubaantun"), but some were not incorporated in personal titles at all. Moreover, the authors also highlighted the cases when the "titles of origin" and the "emblem glyphs" did not overlap, building upon Houston's earlier research. Houston noticed that the establishment and spread of the Tikal-originated dynasty in the Petexbatun region was accompanied by the proliferation of rulers using the Tikal "emblem glyph" placing political and dynastic ascendancy above the current seats of rulership. Recent investigations also emphasize the use of emblem glyphs as an
1577:
387:
1443:
1838:. It did not directly attack the methodology or results of decipherment, but instead contended that the ancient Maya texts had indeed been read but were "epiphenomenal". This argument was extended from a populist perspective to say that the deciphered texts tell only about the concerns and beliefs of the society's elite, and not about the ordinary Maya. In opposition to this idea, Michael Coe described "epiphenomenal" as "a ten penny word meaning that Maya writing is only of marginal application since it is secondary to those more primary institutions—economics and society—so well studied by the dirt archaeologists."
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1680:– "But he (Knorozov) did not even suspect what a storm of hatred his success had caused in the head of the American school of Mayan studies, Eric Thompson. And the Cold War was absolutely nothing to do with it. An Englishman by birth, Eric Thompson, after learning about the results of the work of a young Soviet scientist, immediately realized 'who got the victory'."
980:= ). The long-vowel reading of is still uncertain, and there is a possibility that represents a glottalized vowel (if it is not simply an underspelling for ), so it may be that the disharmonies form natural classes: for long non-front vowels, otherwise to keep it disharmonic; for glottalized non-back vowels, otherwise .
1431:) numerical system which only included whole numbers. For simple counting operations, a bar and dot notation was used. The dot represents 1 and the bar represents 5. A shell was used to represent zero. Numbers from 6 to 19 are formed combining bars and dots, and can be written horizontally or vertically.
1302:
2244:
Syllables are in the form of consonant + vowel. The top line contains individual vowels. In the left column are the consonants with their pronunciation instructions. The apostrophe ' represents the glottal stop. There are different variations of the same character in the table cell. Blank cells are
1845:
Over 90 percent of the Maya texts can now be read with reasonable accuracy. As of 2020, at least one phonetic glyph was known for each of the syllables marked green in this chart. /tʼ/ is rare. /pʼ/ is not found, and is thought to have been a later innovation in the Ch'olan and
Yucatecan languages.
1640:"The Writing of the Maya Indians" and published translations of Maya manuscripts in his 1975 work "Maya Hieroglyphic Manuscripts". In the 1960s, progress revealed the dynastic records of Maya rulers. Since the early 1980s scholars have demonstrated that most of the previously unknown symbols form a
1352:
argued that the "emblem glyphs" referred to archaeological sites, or more so the prominence and standing of the site, broken down in a 5-tiered hierarchy of asymmetrical distribution. Marcus' research assumed that the emblem glyphs were distributed in a pattern of relative site importance depending
3983:
The Maya script can be represented as a custom downloadable primer's font but has yet to be formally introduced into
Unicode standards. With the renewed usage of Maya writing, digital encoding of the script has been of recent interest. A range of code points (U+15500–U+159FF) has been tentatively
1434:
Numbers over 19 are written vertically and read from the bottom to the top as powers of 20. The bottom number represents numbers from 0 to 20, so the symbol shown does not need to be multiplied. The second line from the bottom represents the amount of 20s there are, so that number is multiplied by
1607:
wrote a number of published and unpublished essays, proposing to identify phonetic elements within the writing system. Although some specifics of his decipherment claims were later shown to be incorrect, the central argument of his work, that Maya hieroglyphs were phonetic (or more specifically,
1841:
Linda Schele noted following the conference that this is like saying that the inscriptions of ancient Egypt—or the writings of Greek philosophers or historians—do not reveal anything important about their cultures. Most written documents in most cultures tell us about the elite, because in most
1818:
and others published findings that helped to construct a Mayan vocabulary. The "old school" continued to resist the results of the new scholarship for some time. A decisive event which helped to turn the tide in favor of the new approach occurred in 1986, at an exhibition entitled "The Blood of
5133:
Lacadena García-Gallo, Alfonso; Ciudad Ruiz, Andrés (1998). "Reflexiones sobre la estructura política maya clásica". In Andrés Ciudad Ruiz; Yolanda Fernández Marquínez; José Miguel García
Campillo; Maria Josefa Iglesias Ponce de León; Alfonso Lacadena García-Gallo; Luis T. Sanz Castro (eds.).
1478:
Before the arrival of
Spanish conquistadors, the Aztecs destroyed many Mayan works and sought to depict themselves as the true rulers through a fake history and newly written texts. Knowledge of the Maya writing system continued into the early colonial era and reportedly a few of the early
713:, where an element of one glyph would replace part of a second. In place of the standard block configuration, Maya was also sometimes written in a single row or column, or in an 'L' or 'T' shape. These variations most often appeared when they would better fit the surface being inscribed.
1335:, which form the stable core of the title. "Emblem glyph" simply reflects the time when Mayanists could not read Classic Maya inscriptions and used a term to isolate specific recurring structural components of the written narratives, and other remaining examples of Maya orthography.
1294:
698:. Carved and molded glyphs were painted, but the paint has rarely survived. As of 2008, the sound of about 80% of Maya writing could be read and the meaning of about 60% could be understood with varying degrees of certainty, enough to give a comprehensive idea of its structure.
1327:("holy, divine" or "sacred"), resulting in the construction "holy [placename] lord". However, an "emblem glyph" is not a "glyph" at all: it can be spelled with any number of syllabic or logographic signs and several alternative spellings are attested for the words
1807:), the group was able to identify and "read" the life histories (from birth, to accession to the throne, to death) of six kings of Palenque. Palenque was the focus of much epigraphic work through the late 1970s, but linguistic decipherment of texts remained very limited.
1348:. Berlin also noticed that while the smaller elements remained relatively constant, the main sign changed from site to site. Berlin proposed that the main signs identified individual cities, their ruling dynasties, or the territories they controlled. Subsequently,
1663:
simply dismissed
Knorozov's work. However, in the 1960s, more came to see the syllabic approach as potentially fruitful, and possible phonetic readings for symbols whose general meaning was understood from context began to develop. Prominent older epigrapher
1714:
determined that these represented events in the lifespan of an individual, rather than relating to religion, astronomy, or prophecy, as held by the "old school" exemplified by
Thompson. This proved to be true of many Maya inscriptions, and revealed the Maya
1393:
with little evidence of texts at all. This model was largely unchallenged for over a decade until
Mathews and Justeson, as well as Houston, argued once again that the "emblem glyphs" were the titles of Maya rulers with some geographical association.
1365:, and other "superpowers") were generally first in the region to acquire a unique emblem glyph(s). Texts referring to other primary regional centers occur in the texts of these "capitals", and dependencies exist which use the primary center's glyph.
1467:. However, murals excavated in 2005 have pushed back the origin of Maya writing by several centuries, and it now seems possible that the Maya were the ones who invented writing in Mesoamerica. Scholarly consensus is that the Maya developed the only
884:. However, there are many cases where some other vowel was used, and the orthographic rules for this are only partially understood; this is largely due to the difficulty in ascertaining whether this vowel may be due to an underspelled suffix.
3992:, was awarded a grant in June 2016 to create a proposal to the Unicode Consortium for layout and presentation mechanisms in Unicode text. It was expected to be completed in 2017, but as of 2023, they have not completed this project.
1519:
1511:
the Maya script. The difficulty was that there was no simple correspondence between the two systems, and the names of the letters of the
Spanish alphabet meant nothing to Landa's Maya scribe, so Landa ended up asking things like
947:
In short, if the vowels are the same (harmonic), a simple vowel is intended. If the vowels are not the same (disharmonic), either two syllables are intended (likely underspelled), or else a single syllable with a long vowel (if
705:. The blocks within the columns were read left to right, top to bottom, and would be repeated until there were no more columns left. Within a block, glyphs were arranged top-to-bottom and left-to-right (similar to Korean
4003:
Maya, the expressiveness of
Unicode is insufficient (e.g., with regard to the representation of infixes, i.e., signs inserted into other signs), so, for philological applications, different technologies are required.
1435:
20. The third line from the bottom represents the amount of 400s, so it is multiplied by 400; the fourth by 8000; the fifth by 160,000, etc. Each successive line is an additional power of twenty (similar to how in
1719:
record to be one relating actual histories of ruling individuals: dynastic histories similar in nature to those recorded in other human cultures throughout the world. Suddenly, the Maya entered written history.
1619:
Including "Examples of
Phonetic Construction in Maya Hieroglyphs", in 1946. In 1952 Knorozov published the paper "Ancient Writing of Central America", arguing that the so-called "de Landa alphabet" contained in
5653:
1723:
Although it was then clear what was on many Maya inscriptions, they still could not literally be read. However, further progress was made during the 1960s and 1970s, using a multitude of approaches including
1499:). Although the Maya did not actually write alphabetically, nevertheless he recorded a glossary of Maya sounds and related symbols, which was long dismissed as nonsense (for instance, by leading Mayanist
3950:
In recent times, there has been an increased interest in reviving usage of the script. Various works have recently been both transliterated and created into the script, notably the transcription of the
1381:, and other mid-sized cities) had their own glyphs but are only rarely mentioned in texts found in the primary regional center, while repeatedly mentioning the regional center in their own texts.
683:
759:. These syllabic glyphs performed two primary functions: as phonetic complements to disambiguate logograms which had more than one reading (similar to ancient Egyptian and modern Japanese
3748:
1834:
However, three years later, in 1989, supporters who continued to resist the modern decipherment interpretation made their last argument against it. This occurred at a conference at
11956:
1668:
was one of the last major opponents of Knorozov and the syllabic approach. Thompson's disagreements are sometimes said to have held back advances in decipherment. For example,
1439:, additional powers of 10 are added to the left of the first digit). This positional system allows the calculation of large figures, necessary for chronology and astronomy.
4520:(1832) "Philology. Second letter to Mr. Champollion on the graphic systems of America, and the glyphs of Otolum or Palenque, in Central America – Elements of the glyphs,"
1385:(towns) had no glyphs of their own, but have texts mentioning the primary regional centers and perhaps secondary regional centers on occasion. These were followed by the
9561:
1760:
1175:
However, the language changed over 1500 years, and there were dialectal differences as well, which are reflected in the script, as seen next for the verb "(s)he sat" (
5660:
11961:
1495:
were destroyed. Later, seeking to use their native language to convert the Maya to Christianity, he derived what he believed to be a Maya "alphabet" (the so-called
872:
they were sometimes ignored ("underspelled"). More often, final consonants were written, which meant that an extra vowel was written as well. This was typically an
5015:
Gronemeyer, Sven (2012). "Statements of Identity: Emblem Glyphs in the Nexus of Political Relations". In Jarosław Źrałka; Wiesław Koszkul; Beata Golińska (eds.).
4689:
3942:«He gave the god clothing, twenty nine headgears, white ribbon, necklace, First Fire God’s earrings and God’s quadrilateral badge helmet, to Chaahk Sak-Balun».
1811:
755:. For example, the logogram for 'fish fin'—found in two forms, as a fish fin and as a fish with prominent fins—was read as and came to represent the syllable
4929:
854:
is slightly more complicated than this. Most Mayan words end with consonants, and there may be sequences of two consonants within a word as well, as in
5537:
179:
5605:
6214:
5698:
4419:. The 14th European Maya Conference. Vol. 4. Cracow: Polska Akademia Umiejętności and Uniwersytet Jagielloński (published 2012). pp. 13–40.
1749:
1339:
1672:, p. 164) says "the major reason was that almost the entire Mayanist field was in willing thrall to one very dominant scholar, Eric Thompson".
1564:
Knowledge of the writing system was lost, probably by the end of the 16th century. Renewed interest in it was sparked by published accounts of
747:
Glyphs used as syllabograms were originally logograms for single-syllable words, usually those that ended in a vowel or in a weak consonant such as
6644:
6634:
6209:
4113:
4931:
Modelling vagueness – A criteria-based system for the qualitative assessment of reading proposals for the deciphering of Classic Mayan hieroglyphs
1344:
1342:, who coined the term "emblem glyph". Berlin noticed that the "emblem glyphs" consisted of a larger "main sign" and two smaller signs now read as
6624:
6614:
6204:
6199:
6194:
9667:
9554:
5467:
5219:
1676:, a student of Knorozov's, stated that reception of Knorozov's work was delayed only by authority of Thompson, and thus has nothing to do with
4928:
Franziska Diehr; Sven Gronemeyer; Elisabeth Wagner; Christian Prager; Katja Diederichs; Uwe Sikora; Maximilian Brodhun; Nikolai Grube (2018).
690:
Mayan writing consisted of a relatively elaborate and complex set of glyphs, which were laboriously painted on ceramics, walls and bark-paper
9917:
8340:
6629:
5387:
4788:[The stela of Iximche 'in the context of linguistic revitalization and hieroglyphic recovery in the Mayan communities of Guatemala].
686:
Maya inscriptions were most often written in columns two glyphs wide, with each successive pair of columns read left to right, top to bottom
4786:"La estela de Iximche' en el contexto de la revitalización lingüística y la recuperación jeroglífica en las comunidades mayas de guatemala"
4532:"This page of Demotic has letters and numbers, these represented by strokes meaning 5 and dots meaning unities as the dots never exceed 4."
1591:
Deciphering Maya writing has proven a long and laborious process. 19th-century and early 20th-century investigators managed to decode the
5773:
5021:. Contributions in New World Archaeology. Vol. 4. Cracow: Polska Akademia Umiejętności and Uniwersytet Jagielloński. pp. 13–40.
417:
5647:
Corpus of Maya Hieroglyphic Inscriptions, Volumes 1–9. Published by the Peabody Museum Press and distributed by Harvard University Press
11610:
9949:
9547:
8372:
1803:, building on the earlier work of Heinrich Berlin. By identifying a sign as an important royal title (now read as the recurring name
732:, and the same glyph could often be used for both. Because of these dual readings, it is customary to write logographic readings in
3936:
Yak’aw ʔuk’uhul pik juʔn winaak pixoʔm ʔusak hunal ʔuʔh Yax K’ahk’ K’uh(?) ʔutuʔp k’uh(ul)? ...l ʔukoʔhaw Chaahk (‘GI’) Sak Baluʔn.
1842:
cultures in the past, they were the ones who could write (or could have things written down by scribes or inscribed on monuments).
1688:
453:
that has been substantially deciphered. The earliest inscriptions found which are identifiably Maya date to the 3rd century BCE in
549:. However, if other languages were written, they may have been written by Chʼoltiʼ scribes, and therefore have Chʼoltiʼ elements.
11293:
4415:
Gronemeyer, S. (2009). "Maya Political Relations and Strategies". In Źrałka, Jarosław; Koszkul, Wiesław; Golińska, Beata (eds.).
4841:
Joseph DeChicchis (2012), Current Trends in Mayan Literacy, In: John C. Maher, Jelisava Dobovsek-Sethna, and Cary Duval (eds.),
1323:, a Classic Maya term for "lord" with an unclear but well-attested etymology. Sometimes the title is introduced by an adjective
5072:. Research Reports on Ancient Maya Writing, 3. (Mesoweb online facsimile ed.). Washington D.C.: Center for Maya Research.
701:
Maya texts were usually written in blocks arranged in columns two blocks wide, with each block corresponding to a noun or verb
7562:
11019:
9442:
5691:
5549:
5527:
5505:
5296:
5274:
5252:
4981:
8011:
1706:
In 1959, examining what she called "a peculiar pattern of dates" on stone monument inscriptions at the Classic Maya site of
765:); and to write grammatical elements such as verbal inflections which did not have dedicated logograms (similar to Japanese
9653:
5624:
7448:
5760:
1740:
cannot be separated. All contributed to a process that was truly and essentially multidisciplinary. Key figures included
5984:
5635:
Corpus of Maya Hieroglyphic Inscriptions Program at the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University
4842:
3989:
17:
5067:
10787:
10773:
10743:
9882:
9210:
9196:
9166:
8305:
5479:
5445:
5419:
5395:
5231:
5201:
5143:
5053:
5005:
4472:
5637:
1468:
11283:
11157:
11005:
9810:
9598:
9428:
8145:
7542:
5684:
5603:
A partial transcription, transliteration, and translation of the Temple of Inscriptions text by Michael D. Carrasco
325:
5989:
4768:"Writing in Maya Glyphs: Names, Places, & Simple Sentences : A Non-Technical Introduction to Maya Glyphs"
11860:
11850:
11419:
7868:
7129:
5284:
5262:
4946:
410:
161:
11875:
1616:
also made some notable contributions in the 1930s and 1940s to the early study and decipherment of Maya script.
1576:
11138:
11012:
9435:
8001:
7640:
4016:
1028:
system was reliably indicated. For instance, the paradigm for a transitive verb with a CVC root is as follows:
11197:
5629:
1728:, de Landa's "alphabet", Knorozov's breakthroughs, and others. In the story of Maya decipherment, the work of
1168:
The active suffix did not participate in the harmonic/disharmonic system seen in roots, but rather was always
545:. There is also some evidence that the script may have been occasionally used to write Mayan languages of the
357:
11187:
9767:
9710:
8110:
7635:
6693:
5185:
4517:
473:
rather than Maya script, there have been recent developments encouraging a revival of the Maya glyph system.
367:
6972:
4630:"Ершова Г. Г. Юрий Валентинович Кнорозов // Портреты историков. Время и судьбы. М., Наука, 2004. С. 474–491"
4404:. 11th European Maya Conference "Ecology, Power, and Religion in Maya Landscapes". Malmö University, Sweden.
11885:
11835:
11177:
10998:
10977:
9663:
9421:
9400:
6688:
6463:
5979:
5755:
5602:
5104:
4429:
Information panel in the Museo Regional de Antropología in Mérida (state of Yucatán), visited on 2010-08-04
1442:
495:
by early European explorers of the 18th and 19th centuries who found its general appearance reminiscent of
462:
348:
11192:
3988:, but no detailed encoding proposal has been submitted yet. The Script Encoding Initiative project of the
1647:
As Knorozov's early essays contained several older readings already published in the late 19th century by
876:
that repeated the vowel of the previous syllable. For example, the word 'fish fin' would be underspelled
372:
175:
171:
11182:
10878:
10857:
9301:
9280:
7960:
7955:
7650:
7552:
6074:
5765:
5379:
1828:
450:
362:
5615:
A Preliminary Classic Maya-English/English-Classic Maya Vocabulary of Hieroglyphic Readings by Erik Boot
5124:
Lacadena, Alfonso; Wichmann, Søren (2004). "On the Representation of the Glottal Stop in Maya Writing".
4879:
649:
using combinations of the logogram with the syllabic signs as phonetic complements. From left to right:
11840:
11599:
11288:
11244:
10945:
9737:
9368:
7965:
7532:
6945:
6006:
5193:
5018:
Maya Political Relations and Strategies. Proceedings of the 14th European Maya Conference, Cracow, 2009
3741:
403:
291:
193:
9772:
6698:
6016:
736:
and phonetic readings in italics or bold. For example, a calendaric glyph can be read as the morpheme
11855:
11515:
11414:
11397:
11387:
7618:
7340:
6893:
6480:
5515:
5045:
1707:
1549:
were known to have survived the conquistadors; this was expanded with the 2015 authentication of the
251:
11951:
11820:
10695:
10681:
9986:
9118:
9104:
8409:
6992:
6795:
6011:
5471:
5223:
4830:
4542:
4529:
1788:
1542:. This was the first Latin orthography for any of the Mayan languages, which number around thirty.
10300:
8723:
6139:
1516:
and glossed a part of the result as "H," which, in reality, was written as a-che-a in Maya glyphs.
850:
Phonetic glyphs stood for simple consonant-vowel (CV) or vowel-only (V) syllables. However, Mayan
11315:
10984:
10012:
9570:
9407:
8435:
7392:
7069:
7048:
6928:
6908:
6740:
6411:
6315:
5792:
5750:
5707:
5455:
5307:
5216:
Emblem and State in the Classic Maya Lowlands: an Epigraphic Approach to Territorial Organization
4175:
1741:
1694:
454:
9720:
1795:(whom Kelley sent because he could not attend). In one afternoon they reconstructed most of the
9798:
9788:
8125:
7064:
7054:
6987:
6497:
5930:
4937:. Proceedings of the Workshop on Computational Methods in the Humanities 2018. pp. 33–44.
4767:
3967:
in 2012, describing the full historical record of the site dating back to the beginning of the
1764:
1711:
520:
157:
11585:
5646:
5069:
Problematic Emblem Glyphs: Examples from Altar de Sacrificios, El Chorro, Rio Azul, and Xultun
4927:
4904:
1419:
11810:
11718:
11392:
11305:
11256:
11172:
11086:
10991:
10780:
10729:
10189:
10111:
9875:
9509:
9414:
9203:
9152:
8612:
8534:
8298:
8237:
8222:
7791:
7670:
7412:
7372:
7104:
6780:
5964:
5952:
5925:
5910:
5614:
4843:
Literacy for Dialogue in Multilingual Societies. Proceedings of Linguapax Asia Symposium 2011
4107:
1792:
1621:
1535:
1317:
An "emblem glyph" is a kind of royal title. It consists of a place name followed by the word
834:
542:
516:
339:
11845:
8217:
7422:
5596:
The European Association of Mayanists (Wayeb) has resources, including full books, on their
1553:
as the fourth. Most surviving texts are found on pottery recovered from Maya tombs, or from
11946:
11688:
11578:
11540:
11273:
11239:
10850:
10601:
10278:
9273:
9024:
8701:
8197:
7852:
7816:
7221:
7144:
6977:
6725:
6715:
6554:
6537:
5853:
5574:
5333:
4322:
4180:
4071:
1585:
710:
546:
496:
11870:
11830:
5466:. Dumbarton Oaks Pre-Columbian Art and Archaeology Series. Vol. 33. Washington D.C.:
4741:
538:
8:
11790:
11547:
11488:
11431:
9793:
8100:
7996:
7718:
7241:
5947:
4817:
4127:
4035:
Vowel length and glottalization are not always indicated in common words like 'they are'.
3956:
1665:
1500:
6263:
5337:
4326:
4075:
1655:
editors added propagandistic claims to the effect that Knorozov was using a peculiarly "
211:
11825:
11653:
11592:
11424:
11352:
11131:
10836:
10813:
10447:
10336:
10326:
10218:
10161:
10147:
10104:
9805:
9732:
9259:
9236:
8870:
8759:
8749:
8641:
8584:
8570:
8527:
8232:
8115:
7950:
7842:
7801:
7755:
7750:
7645:
7627:
7295:
7226:
7191:
7139:
6952:
6940:
6351:
6273:
6174:
5729:
5520:
Maya hieroglyphic writing: An introduction (Civilization of the American Indian series)
5494:
5459:
5434:
5409:
5357:
5063:
5037:
4995:
4971:
4938:
4346:
4213:
4171:
4095:
1824:
1565:
815:
391:
10069:
8492:
8150:
5671:
4802:
4785:
1491:
ordered the collection and destruction of written Maya works, and a sizable number of
11693:
11224:
11147:
10959:
10952:
10688:
10674:
10586:
10475:
10385:
10364:
10343:
10271:
10203:
10062:
10020:
9972:
9777:
9715:
9671:
9382:
9375:
9111:
9097:
9009:
8898:
8808:
8787:
8766:
8694:
8626:
8485:
8443:
8395:
8130:
8120:
7765:
7760:
7665:
7660:
7567:
7522:
7345:
7325:
7315:
7305:
7300:
7236:
7231:
7159:
7094:
7079:
7029:
7024:
6967:
6903:
6861:
6703:
6589:
6512:
6028:
6023:
5900:
5545:
5523:
5501:
5475:
5441:
5429:
5415:
5391:
5349:
5292:
5270:
5248:
5227:
5197:
5173:
5139:
5073:
5049:
5001:
4977:
4468:
4338:
4205:
4197:
4087:
4054:
1496:
1460:
1025:
442:
261:
201:
11865:
5361:
5157:
4942:
4350:
4099:
1759:
A new wave of breakthroughs occurred in the early 1970s, in particular at the first
11895:
11668:
11251:
11093:
11031:
10924:
10885:
10871:
10829:
10704:
10650:
10631:
10565:
10557:
10543:
10536:
10461:
10257:
10232:
10168:
10140:
10055:
10041:
9958:
9931:
9868:
9744:
9516:
9454:
9347:
9308:
9294:
9252:
9127:
9073:
9054:
8988:
8980:
8966:
8959:
8884:
8680:
8655:
8591:
8563:
8478:
8464:
8381:
8354:
8291:
8202:
8105:
7927:
7770:
7397:
7377:
7367:
7362:
7246:
7002:
6935:
6923:
6888:
6883:
6866:
6805:
6770:
6730:
6532:
6527:
6475:
6426:
6310:
6244:
6184:
6134:
6079:
5996:
5974:
5959:
5905:
5895:
5829:
5341:
4797:
4330:
4189:
4079:
3972:
3968:
1725:
1656:
1561:
erected in sites which were abandoned or buried before the arrival of the Spanish.
1423:
List of Maya numerals from 0 to 19 with underneath two vertically oriented examples
488:
281:
11209:
10931:
10126:
9539:
9354:
8549:
8175:
7826:
7196:
5136:
Anatomía de una Civilización: Aproximaciones Interdisciplinarias a la Cultura Maya
4313:
Marcus, J. (1 June 1973). "Territorial Organization of the Lowland Classic Maya".
4217:
11920:
11775:
11648:
11633:
11443:
11409:
11300:
11234:
11167:
10917:
10609:
10550:
10496:
10489:
10468:
10454:
10438:
10416:
10371:
10264:
10239:
10211:
10196:
10119:
10097:
10090:
10048:
10008:
9979:
9762:
9658:
9340:
9032:
8973:
8919:
8912:
8891:
8877:
8861:
8839:
8794:
8687:
8662:
8634:
8619:
8542:
8520:
8513:
8471:
8431:
8402:
8090:
8060:
7883:
7806:
7572:
7502:
7407:
7355:
7335:
7271:
7261:
7251:
7216:
7181:
7176:
7171:
7084:
7039:
7034:
6918:
6913:
6760:
6750:
6604:
6569:
6564:
6544:
6438:
6396:
6336:
6219:
6189:
6099:
6059:
6001:
5935:
5915:
5863:
5846:
5834:
5641:
5609:
5027:
4629:
4334:
4275:
1784:
1780:
1673:
1464:
1436:
530:
512:
466:
334:
231:
103:
11571:
7537:
6720:
5242:
682:
11915:
11683:
11337:
11054:
10938:
10822:
10802:
10711:
10579:
10510:
10409:
10357:
10350:
10182:
10175:
10154:
10133:
10034:
10027:
9675:
9603:
9477:
9361:
9245:
9225:
9134:
9002:
8933:
8832:
8780:
8773:
8605:
8598:
8577:
8556:
8457:
8450:
8257:
8212:
8140:
8135:
7986:
7970:
7945:
7888:
7878:
7873:
7713:
7587:
7547:
7517:
7463:
7458:
7453:
7427:
7402:
7350:
7290:
7256:
7206:
7154:
7119:
7074:
7044:
6997:
6957:
6856:
6810:
6765:
6683:
6619:
6574:
6559:
6522:
6502:
6470:
6458:
6406:
6401:
6391:
6381:
6376:
6293:
6278:
6268:
6234:
6224:
6169:
6154:
6119:
5969:
5873:
5821:
5711:
5588:
5489:
5153:
4991:
4967:
4008:
3999:
use of the script. For representing the degree of flexibility and variation of
1835:
1613:
1604:
1539:
1523:
1488:
921:
470:
438:
266:
246:
11925:
7687:
1487:
learned it. However, as part of his campaign to eradicate pagan rites, Bishop
1455:
It was until recently thought that the Maya may have adopted writing from the
534:
11940:
11905:
11900:
11533:
11453:
11404:
11362:
11342:
11327:
11263:
11124:
11061:
10910:
10843:
10766:
10736:
10594:
10572:
10503:
10399:
10378:
10225:
10083:
10001:
9994:
9965:
9924:
9815:
9484:
9333:
9266:
9189:
9159:
9017:
8995:
8926:
8822:
8801:
8648:
8506:
8424:
8417:
8388:
8347:
8262:
8252:
8247:
8034:
7728:
7387:
7330:
6982:
6755:
6639:
6594:
6549:
6517:
6366:
6283:
6256:
6229:
6159:
6144:
6129:
6084:
5841:
4201:
1772:
1699:
1609:
1600:
1592:
1581:
1550:
1414:
1402:
1188:
1075:
1024:
Despite depending on consonants which were frequently not written, the Mayan
839:
525:
306:
286:
271:
241:
139:
6303:
5345:
4578:
4083:
3971:. The 2014 poem "Cigarra", by Martín Gómez Ramírez, was written entirely in
3959:
religion, in 2018. Another example is the sculpting and writing of a modern
1603:, but understanding of most of the rest long eluded scholars. In the 1930s,
11785:
11723:
11713:
11708:
11528:
11522:
11377:
11367:
11347:
10517:
10482:
10423:
9910:
9727:
9637:
8940:
8905:
8846:
8333:
8095:
7991:
7904:
7796:
7697:
7507:
7320:
7285:
7266:
7201:
7089:
6851:
6775:
6584:
6579:
6490:
6485:
6421:
6361:
6341:
6298:
6288:
6239:
6124:
6104:
6094:
5942:
5920:
5878:
5676:
5582:
5405:
5375:
5353:
5211:
5081:
5042:
Hieroglyphs and History at Dos Pilas: Dynastic Politics of the Classic Maya
4342:
4209:
4091:
1820:
1815:
1776:
1737:
1652:
1648:
1546:
1508:
1492:
1098:
1051:
851:
844:
752:
316:
311:
226:
221:
74:
7149:
3507:
3502:
3489:
3473:
2608:
2596:
2583:
1446:
These four examples show how the value of Maya numerals can be calculated.
11760:
11678:
11554:
11357:
11100:
10864:
10795:
10076:
9831:
9523:
9287:
9218:
8499:
8190:
8050:
7655:
7512:
7417:
7186:
7114:
7099:
7007:
6800:
6710:
6609:
6599:
6453:
6416:
6371:
6356:
6331:
6251:
6179:
6164:
5868:
5634:
5597:
5218:. Dumbarton Oaks Other Titles in Pre-Columbian Studies. Washington D.C.:
5192:. School of American Research Advanced Seminars. Cambridge and New York:
5112:(in English, Spanish, French, Polish, Danish, Slovak, and Italian). Wayeb
4432:
3383:
2909:
2889:
2882:
2875:
2868:
2861:
1753:
1733:
1729:
1531:
1472:
1378:
1144:
1121:
721:
529:
over the entire Maya-speaking area, but texts were also written in other
446:
276:
11493:
5311:
5190:
Classic Maya Political History: Hieroglyphic and Archaeological Evidence
4880:"Encoding the Mayan Script: your Adopt-a-Character sponsorships at work"
4855:
4056:
830:
145:
59:
11332:
11278:
9590:
8180:
8155:
7723:
7166:
6656:
6651:
6507:
6448:
6089:
5177:
5077:
3747:
3451:
3435:
3426:
3419:
3412:
2567:
2558:
2551:
2546:
2534:
2525:
2519:
2510:
2504:
1745:
1644:, and progress in reading the Maya writing has advanced rapidly since.
873:
811:
507:
Evidence suggests that codices and other classic texts were written by
492:
301:
296:
11673:
3995:
The goal of encoding Maya hieroglyphs in Unicode is to facilitate the
3690:
3683:
3676:
3667:
3661:
3647:
3638:
3632:
3608:
3596:
3589:
3582:
3562:
3555:
3546:
3528:
3521:
3361:
3354:
3348:
3341:
3332:
3326:
3321:
3307:
3300:
3293:
3286:
3280:
3266:
3257:
3248:
3242:
3224:
3217:
3211:
3182:
3175:
3164:
3158:
3144:
3138:
3131:
3124:
3117:
3110:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3064:
3050:
3037:
3025:
3018:
3011:
3004:
2997:
2991:
2973:
2967:
2958:
2946:
2939:
2932:
2923:
2845:
2838:
2829:
2823:
2811:
2805:
2796:
2789:
2783:
2776:
2762:
2753:
2747:
2740:
2733:
2719:
2712:
2705:
2698:
2692:
2674:
2658:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2630:
2490:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2450:
2444:
2435:
2429:
2423:
1484:
1389:
with no emblem glyphs and no texts mentioning the larger centers, and
1301:
461:. Maya writing was in continuous use throughout Mesoamerica until the
11643:
11564:
11268:
11068:
11047:
11040:
9754:
9629:
9491:
9470:
9463:
8242:
8079:
7775:
7742:
7577:
7468:
7017:
6745:
6661:
6386:
5029:Écriture maya. L'Alphabet consonantique dans les anciens textes mayas
3952:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2370:
2365:
2353:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2327:
2320:
2314:
2307:
2301:
1796:
1716:
1641:
1637:
1629:
1596:
1428:
1374:
767:
481:
458:
256:
115:
11478:
11116:
8185:
5619:
5188:(1991). "Classic Maya emblem glyphs". In Culvert, T. Patrick (ed.).
4154:
4152:
4150:
4148:
1636:
symbols. He further improved his decipherment technique in his 1963
11910:
11770:
11755:
11738:
11733:
11322:
9841:
9697:
8207:
8170:
8165:
8045:
8006:
7847:
7606:
7491:
7382:
7124:
7012:
6962:
6833:
6346:
6149:
6109:
5890:
5883:
5734:
5016:
4193:
1800:
1768:
1660:
1633:
1554:
1397:
The debate on the nature of "emblem glyphs" received a new spin in
1370:
1362:
866:
859:
761:
733:
729:
725:
717:
589:
477:
167:
39:
35:
11473:
8227:
1612:(1922–1999), who played a major role in deciphering Maya writing.
1297:
Tikal or "Mutal" Emblem Glyph, Stela 26 in Tikal's Litoteca Museum
11800:
11765:
11658:
11229:
9891:
8314:
7821:
7692:
7582:
7557:
7443:
7280:
7134:
7109:
6878:
6785:
6433:
6047:
5858:
5269:. Hippocrene Practical Dictionaries. New York: Hippocrene Books.
4402:
People from a place: re-interpreting Classic Maya "Emblem Glyphs"
4294:
Berlin, H. (1958). "El Glifo Emblema en las inscripciones Maya".
4145:
3985:
3964:
1683:
1677:
1306:
814:, such as the six different glyphs used to write the very common
131:
11483:
5132:
4831:
https://dn-works.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/UFAS010223/Maya.pdf
4281:
724:
elements. Individual glyphs or symbols could represent either a
11750:
11698:
11663:
11468:
10892:
9315:
7059:
6871:
6790:
6735:
6443:
6114:
5390:(photographer) (reprint ed.). New York: George Braziller.
4490:
Lost Languages: The Enigma of the World's Undeciphered- Scripts
1850:
Syllables for which at least one phonetic glyph has been found
1456:
858:( 'scepter') which is CVCCVC. When these final consonants were
706:
702:
695:
585:
523:. It is possible that the Maya elite spoke this language as a
508:
46:
to mark morphemic readings and lowercase for syllabic readings.
4229:
4227:
4055:
Saturno, William A., David Stuart, and Boris Beltrán. (2006).
1810:
From that point, progress proceeded rapidly. Scholars such as
1353:
on broadness of distribution, roughly broken down as follows:
1293:
11795:
11780:
11728:
11638:
11628:
11623:
11498:
9705:
7682:
7677:
7527:
7310:
7211:
6898:
5809:
5128:. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. pp. 103–162.
3960:
1558:
1480:
1358:
1180:
691:
484:
31:
4492:. New York City: Nevraumont Publishing Company. p. 122.
64:
Maya glyphs were highly complex and often carved into stone.
11463:
11436:
9836:
9782:
8160:
8055:
5625:
Maya Writing in: Guatemala, Cradle of the Maya Civilization
5168:
Lebrun, David (Director) Guthrie, Rosey (producer) (2008).
5138:(in Spanish). Madrid: Sociedad Española de Estudios Mayas.
4909:
University of California Berkeley Department of Linguistics
4818:"Ojarasca-Xikitin/Cigarra Un poema tseltal en glifos mayas"
4263:
4251:
4239:
4224:
1319:
4902:
4722:
4501:
4499:
804:; or written completely phonetically with syllabograms as
636:
627:
618:
571:
562:
5654:"Introduction to hieroglyphic script of the Maya. Manual"
5316:
5086:
4566:
American Antiquity, Vol. 12, No. 2. 12 (2): 108–117. 1946
4381:
1791:, then an undergraduate student of David Kelley's at the
909:
unless the long vowel was , in which case it was written
5630:
Wolfgang Gockel's morphemic interpretation of the glyphs
596:, and then, phonetically using the three syllable signs
5411:
A Forest of Kings: The Untold Story of the Ancient Maya
4496:
1819:
Kings: A New Interpretation of Maya Art", organized by
825:
11957:
3rd-century BC establishments in the Maya civilization
5167:
4658:
4646:
4610:
4444:
4170:
4158:
4600:
4598:
4178:(2000). "The Language of Classic Maya Inscriptions".
4128:"Symbols on the Wall Push Maya Writing Back by Years"
5564:
5305:
4438:
166:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
9569:
5247:. New York, N.Y.: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
4369:
4357:
1526:
Maya alphabet was an early attempt at decipherment.
1405:identifier to shape socio-political self-identity.
592:representing the entire word with the single glyph
5493:
5433:
4710:
4670:
4595:
4583:
987:for 'they are the guardians'. A minimal set is,
11962:Writing systems introduced in the 3rd century BC
11938:
5123:
4543:"Yury Valentinovich Knorozov | Russian linguist"
4296:Journal de la Société des Américanistes de Paris
4015:creating a base-20 system, are encoded in block
1827:and curated by Schele and by Yale art historian
905:A syllable with a long vowel (CVVC) was written
887:
775:'jaguar' could be written as a single logogram,
180:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
1305:An inscription in Maya glyphs from the site of
924:vowel (CVʼC or CVʼVC) was written with a final
5542:2012: Science and Prophecy of the Ancient Maya
5500:. California: University of California Press.
5468:Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection
5384:Blood of Kings: Dynasty and Ritual in Maya Art
5312:"Early Maya writing at San Bartolo, Guatemala"
5220:Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection
5102:
4742:"Updated List of Characters for Mayan Codices"
4728:
4269:
4257:
4245:
4233:
4057:"Early Maya Writing at San Bartolo, Guatemala"
1608:syllabic), was later supported by the work of
465:in the 16th and 17th centuries. Though modern
11132:
9876:
9555:
8299:
5692:
5651:
5454:
5436:The Olmecs: The Oldest Civilization in Mexico
5404:
1398:
491:. Maya writing was called "hieroglyphics" or
411:
5706:
5620:FAMSI resources on Maya Hieroglyphic writing
5522:. California: University of Oklahoma Press.
5374:
5103:Kettunen, Harri; Helmke, Christophe (2020).
4966:
4282:Lacadena García-Gallo & Ciudad Ruiz 1998
4112:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3746:
4765:
1779:, then a studio artist and art instructor,
11139:
11125:
9883:
9869:
9562:
9548:
8306:
8292:
5699:
5685:
5283:
5261:
5014:
4414:
4399:
2245:bytes whose characters are not yet known.
1507:) but eventually became a key resource in
499:, although the two systems are unrelated.
418:
404:
58:
5536:
5428:
4801:
4783:
4690:"Josserand, Hopkins interview transcript"
1659:" approach to decipherment, many Western
1427:The Mayas used a positional base-twenty (
779:; a logogram with syllable additions, as
694:, carved in wood or stone, and molded in
487:, somewhat similar in function to modern
5514:
5244:The ancient Maya : new perspectives
5240:
5152:
4522:Atlantic Journal and Friend of Knowledge
4505:
4487:
1693:
1689:National Museum of Anthropology (Mexico)
1682:
1575:
1518:
1441:
1418:
1300:
1292:
898:where the two vowels (V) were the same:
829:
709:syllabic blocks). Glyphs were sometimes
681:
9778:Dakelh Syllabics (Dʌlk'ʷahke or ᑐᑊᘁᗕᑋᗸ)
5488:
5184:
5163:(published 2002) – via Wayeb.org.
5062:
5036:
4387:
4375:
4363:
1530:Landa was also involved in creating an
810:In addition, some syllable glyphs were
580:Two different ways of writing the word
27:Writing system of the Maya civilization
14:
11939:
9668:Abaj Takalik & Kaminaljuyú scripts
5210:
4462:
4417:Contributions in New World Archaeology
4312:
4293:
1763:, a scholarly conference organized by
1349:
469:are almost entirely written using the
11146:
11120:
11020:American Printing House for the Blind
10796:International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
10448:Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)
9864:
9543:
9443:American Printing House for the Blind
9219:International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
8871:Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)
8287:
8077:
8032:
7925:
7604:
7489:
6831:
6045:
5807:
5790:
5680:
1595:and portions of the texts related to
1338:This title was identified in 1958 by
1019:
964:= ) or with a glottalized vowel (if V
7926:
4467:. Skyhorse Publishing. p. 107.
3978:
1032:Verbal inflections in Mayan writing
890:proposed the following conventions:
826:Harmonic and disharmonic echo vowels
170:. For the distinction between ,
9890:
8313:
4990:
4903:Script Encoding Initiative (2022).
4716:
4676:
4664:
4652:
4616:
4604:
4589:
4450:
1669:
1408:
1355:Primary regional centers (capitals)
928:if the vowel was , or with a final
588:' in the Maya script – first, as a
24:
8033:
5158:"Relacion de las Cosas de Yucatán"
5156:(1566) . Prager, Christian (ed.).
4835:
4465:The Library An Illustrated History
4439:Saturno, Stuart & Beltrán 2006
3990:University of California, Berkeley
1534:, or a system of writing, for the
87:3rd century BCE to 16th century CE
25:
11973:
5560:
5310:; Beltrán, Boris (3 March 2006).
5172:(Documentary). Night Fire Films.
943:Preconsonantal is not indicated.
519:, a literary form of the extinct
148:(tentative range U+15500–U+159FF)
11208:
5581:
5567:
5106:Introduction to Maya Hieroglyphs
4400:Tokovinine, A. (December 2006).
3689:
3682:
3675:
3666:
3660:
3646:
3637:
3631:
3607:
3595:
3588:
3581:
3561:
3554:
3545:
3527:
3520:
3506:
3501:
3488:
3472:
3450:
3434:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3382:
3360:
3353:
3347:
3340:
3331:
3325:
3320:
3306:
3299:
3292:
3285:
3279:
3265:
3256:
3247:
3241:
3223:
3216:
3210:
3181:
3174:
3163:
3157:
3143:
3137:
3130:
3123:
3116:
3109:
3097:
3090:
3083:
3076:
3069:
3063:
3049:
3036:
3024:
3017:
3010:
3003:
2996:
2990:
2972:
2966:
2957:
2945:
2938:
2931:
2922:
2908:
2888:
2881:
2874:
2867:
2860:
2844:
2837:
2828:
2822:
2810:
2804:
2795:
2788:
2782:
2775:
2761:
2752:
2746:
2739:
2732:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2697:
2691:
2673:
2657:
2650:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2607:
2595:
2582:
2566:
2557:
2550:
2545:
2533:
2524:
2518:
2509:
2503:
2489:
2469:
2462:
2455:
2449:
2443:
2434:
2428:
2422:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2369:
2364:
2352:
2346:
2339:
2332:
2326:
2319:
2313:
2306:
2300:
1626:Relación de las Cosas de Yucatán
1309:, relating to the reign of king
1288:
635:
626:
617:
570:
561:
385:
210:
126:, Mayan hieroglyphs
8078:
5544:. California: Tlacaelel Press.
5126:The Linguistics of Maya Writing
5000:. London: Thames & Hudson.
4976:. London: Thames & Hudson.
4959:
4921:
4896:
4872:
4848:
4824:
4810:
4777:
4759:
4734:
4682:
4622:
4569:
4560:
4535:
4511:
4481:
4456:
4423:
4408:
4393:
4306:
4287:
2226:
2185:
2157:
2148:
2090:
2058:
2038:
2032:
2027:
1994:
1963:
1732:, art historians, epigraphers,
1571:
1269:Late Classic (Western Chʼolan)
162:International Phonetic Alphabet
5772:Languages by writing system /
5496:2000 Years of Mayan Literature
5440:. New York: Doubleday and Co.
5291:. New York: Hippocrene Books.
5289:Dictionary of Maya Hieroglyphs
4784:Matsumoto, Mallory E. (2015).
4164:
4120:
4048:
4029:
1771:and held in December, 1973. A
888:Lacadena & Wichmann (2004)
13:
1:
10788:Gardner–Salinas braille codes
10744:Gardner–Salinas braille codes
9211:Gardner–Salinas braille codes
9167:Gardner–Salinas braille codes
7605:
7490:
6832:
5026:Guéguen-Leclair, Guy (2012).
4803:10.1016/S0185-2574(15)30008-3
4042:
437:, is historically the native
10999:National Braille Association
10978:Braille Institute of America
10696:Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)
9664:Mesoamerican writing systems
9422:National Braille Association
9401:Braille Institute of America
9119:Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)
6046:
5652:Talakh Viktor (2011-03-19).
5414:. New York: William Morrow.
5267:How to Read Maya Hieroglyphs
4970:; Van Stone, Mark L (2005).
4335:10.1126/science.180.4089.911
2239:
2172:
2108:
2045:
1981:
1917:
1195:Change in passive voice for
552:
502:
463:Spanish conquest of the Maya
349:Spanish conquest of the Maya
155: This article contains
7:
10879:Refreshable braille display
10858:Optical braille recognition
10455:Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)
9987:Chinese (mainland Mandarin)
9302:Refreshable braille display
9281:Optical braille recognition
8878:Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)
8410:Chinese (mainland Mandarin)
7553:New Epoch Notation Painting
4773:. FAMSI. pp. s. 16–22.
4159:Breaking the Maya Code 2008
1710:, Russian-American scholar
1545:For many years, only three
1399:Stuart & Houston (1994)
983:A more complex spelling is
894:A CVC syllable was written
480:complemented with a set of
451:Mesoamerican writing system
10:
11978:
11861:Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil
10946:Thakur Vishva Narain Singh
9369:Thakur Vishva Narain Singh
5808:
5516:Thompson, John Eric Sidney
5241:McKillop, Heather (2004).
5194:Cambridge University Press
4729:Kettunen & Helmke 2020
4270:Kettunen & Helmke 2020
4258:Kettunen & Helmke 2020
4246:Kettunen & Helmke 2020
4234:Kettunen & Helmke 2020
3945:
3735:
1568:in the 19th century.
1450:
1412:
1251:Classic (Eastern Chʼolan)
29:
11884:
11809:
11609:
11516:Annals of the Cakchiquels
11507:
11452:
11376:
11217:
11206:
11156:
11078:
11029:
10969:
10902:
10812:
10758:
10721:
10682:Mainland Chinese Mandarin
10661:
10642:
10623:
10528:
10434:
10395:
10322:
10249:
9948:
9941:
9902:
9860:
9824:
9753:
9696:
9689:
9646:
9628:
9612:
9589:
9582:
9578:
9501:
9452:
9392:
9325:
9235:
9181:
9144:
9105:Mainland Chinese Mandarin
9084:
9065:
9046:
8951:
8857:
8818:
8745:
8672:
8371:
8364:
8325:
8283:
8086:
8073:
8041:
8028:
7979:
7938:
7934:
7921:
7897:
7861:
7835:
7784:
7741:
7706:
7626:
7619:Chinese family of scripts
7617:
7613:
7600:
7498:
7485:
7436:
6844:
6840:
6827:
6689:Boyd's syllabic shorthand
6676:
6324:
6067:
6058:
6054:
6041:
5816:
5803:
5799:
5791:
5786:
5774:by first written accounts
5743:
5722:
5718:
5672:Time Line of Decipherment
5598:Electronic Resources page
5408:; Freidel, David (1990).
5046:University of Texas Press
4488:Robinson, Andrew (2002).
3766:
3763:
3760:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
1505:Maya Hieroglyphic Writing
1268:
1250:
1232:
1213:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1143:
1120:
1097:
1074:
1050:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
153:
137:
130:
114:
109:
99:
91:
81:
69:
57:
51:
10669:Chinese semi-syllabaries
9932:Unicode braille patterns
9918:International uniformity
9092:Chinese semi-syllabaries
8355:Unicode braille patterns
8341:International uniformity
6796:Thomas Natural Shorthand
5472:Harvard University Press
5464:Classic Maya Place Names
5224:Harvard University Press
4790:Estudios de Cultura Maya
4706:– via Google Docs.
4022:
1761:Mesa Redonda de Palenque
711:conflated into ligatures
511:—usually members of the
192:This article is part of
40:entire words (morphemes)
11876:Yuknoom Yichʼaak Kʼahkʼ
11836:Kʼakʼ Tiliw Chan Yopaat
11006:Blindness organizations
10985:Braille Without Borders
10774:Canadian currency marks
10396:Egyptian lineage family
9429:Blindness organizations
9408:Braille Without Borders
9197:Canadian currency marks
8819:Egyptian lineage family
8002:Southwest Paleohispanic
5346:10.1126/science.1121745
4973:Reading the Maya Glyphs
4463:Murray, Stuart (2009).
4084:10.1126/science.1121745
1469:complete writing system
932:if the vowel was or :
158:phonetic transcriptions
10323:Russian lineage family
9811:Great Lakes Algonquian
9799:Western Cree syllabics
9789:Eastern Cree syllabics
8746:Russian lineage family
8146:Great Lakes Algonquian
7055:Greco-Iberian alphabet
6988:Gabelsberger shorthand
5931:Inscriptional Parthian
5170:Breaking the Maya Code
4997:Breaking the Maya Code
4845:, Tokyo 2012, p. 71-82
4518:Constantine Rafinesque
3752:
1765:Merle Greene Robertson
1712:Tatiana Proskouriakoff
1703:
1691:
1588:
1527:
1514:write "ha": "hache–a",
1497:de Landa alphabet
1447:
1424:
1314:
1298:
880:or written in full as
847:
843:, c. 11–12th century,
716:The Maya script was a
687:
392:Mesoamerica portal
34:can be read either as
11851:Kʼinich Yax Kʼukʼ Moʼ
11841:Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal
11600:Título de Totonicapán
11173:Classic Maya collapse
11087:Accessible publishing
11013:Schools for the blind
10992:Japan Braille Library
10781:Computer Braille Code
10435:Indian lineage family
9510:Accessible publishing
9436:Schools for the blind
9415:Japan Braille Library
9204:Computer Braille Code
8858:Indian lineage family
8238:Old Persian cuneiform
7105:Carolingian minuscule
5911:Ancient North Arabian
5306:Saturno, William A.;
4441:, pp. 1281–1283.
3750:
3742:Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal
1793:University of Calgary
1702:(modern reproduction)
1697:
1686:
1622:Bishop Diego de Landa
1579:
1536:Yucatec Maya language
1522:
1445:
1422:
1304:
1296:
833:
685:
340:Classic Maya collapse
11856:Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk I
11579:Ritual of the Bacabs
11240:Twin-pyramid complex
10851:Mountbatten Brailler
10206:(largely reassigned)
9989:(largely reassigned)
9274:Mountbatten Brailler
8629:(largely reassigned)
8412:(largely reassigned)
7961:Southeastern Iberian
7956:Northeastern Iberian
5854:Egyptian hieroglyphs
5575:Latin America portal
4856:"Roadmap to the SMP"
4766:Pitts, Mark (2008).
4181:Current Anthropology
1812:J. Kathryn Josserand
1767:at the Maya site of
1584:and his cat Asya in
1483:priests who went to
1070:"(s)he finished it"
835:Yucatec Maya writing
645:Three ways to write
547:Guatemalan Highlands
497:Egyptian hieroglyphs
42:, this article uses
11821:Bʼalaj Chan Kʼawiil
11791:Xmucane and Xpiacoc
11586:Songs of Dzitbalché
10803:Nemeth braille code
10589:(reassigned vowels)
10114:(extended to 8-dot)
9794:Inuktitut syllabics
9773:Blackfoot Syllabics
9226:Nemeth braille code
9012:(reassigned vowels)
8537:(extended to 8-dot)
8111:Canadian Aboriginal
7997:Khitan small script
7719:Khitan large script
6909:Coorgi–Cox alphabet
5460:Houston, Stephen D.
5338:2006Sci...311.1281S
5064:Houston, Stephen D.
5038:Houston, Stephen D.
4905:"Progress Overview"
4667:, pp. 204–205.
4655:, pp. 167–184.
4528:(2) : 40–44.
4327:1973Sci...180..911M
4174:; Robertson, John;
4172:Houston, Stephen D.
4076:2006Sci...311.1281S
4070:(5765): 1281–1283.
3757:
1851:
1666:J. Eric S. Thompson
1489:Diego de Landa
1199:
1033:
985:ha-o-bo ko-ko-no-ma
740:or as the syllable
11846:Kʼinich Yat Ahk II
11654:Howler monkey gods
10837:Braille translator
10814:Braille technology
10790:(science; GS8/GS6)
10759:Symbols in braille
10689:Taiwanese Mandarin
10204:Taiwanese Mandarin
9825:Somacheirographies
9768:Canadian Syllabics
9733:Duployan shorthand
9260:Braille translator
9237:Braille technology
9213:(science; GS8/GS6)
9182:Symbols in braille
9112:Taiwanese Mandarin
8627:Taiwanese Mandarin
8233:Nwagu Aneke script
7785:Other logosyllabic
7707:Chinese-influenced
7646:Oracle bone script
7628:Chinese characters
7563:Ojibwe Hieroglyphs
6953:Eclectic shorthand
6941:Duployan shorthand
6894:Caucasian Albanian
6694:Canadian syllabics
5730:History of writing
5640:2011-09-27 at the
5608:2006-09-01 at the
5430:Soustelle, Jacques
5380:Miller, Mary Ellen
5196:. pp. 19–29.
5032:(Research papers).
4697:Nightfirefilms.org
4619:, p. 125–144.
4390:, pp. 97–101.
4132:The New York Times
4011:, with values 0–19
3975:using the script.
3755:
3753:
1849:
1825:Kimbell Art Museum
1783:, a linguist from
1704:
1692:
1589:
1528:
1448:
1425:
1315:
1299:
1194:
1116:"it got finished"
1093:"it was finished"
1031:
1020:Verbal inflections
920:A syllable with a
848:
688:
476:Maya writing used
18:Maya hieroglyphics
11934:
11933:
11871:Yuknoom Chʼeen II
11831:Itzam Kʼan Ahk II
11149:Maya civilization
11114:
11113:
11110:
11109:
11032:tactile alphabets
10960:William Bell Wait
10953:Sabriye Tenberken
10754:
10753:
10619:
10618:
10604:(Japanese vowels)
10402:-mediated scripts
10329:-mediated scripts
9856:
9855:
9852:
9851:
9721:SENĆOŦEN alphabet
9685:
9684:
9613:Semi-logographies
9537:
9536:
9533:
9532:
9455:tactile alphabets
9383:William Bell Wait
9376:Sabriye Tenberken
9177:
9176:
9042:
9041:
9027:(Japanese vowels)
8825:-mediated scripts
8752:-mediated scripts
8279:
8278:
8275:
8274:
8271:
8270:
8131:Ditema tsa Dinoko
8069:
8068:
8024:
8023:
8020:
8019:
7917:
7916:
7913:
7912:
7737:
7736:
7596:
7595:
7481:
7480:
7477:
7476:
6823:
6822:
6819:
6818:
6672:
6671:
6037:
6036:
6024:Teeline Shorthand
5782:
5781:
5551:978-0-9826826-0-9
5538:Van Stone, Mark L
5529:978-0-8061095-8-9
5507:978-0-520-23221-1
5298:978-0-7818-0862-0
5276:978-0-7818-1020-3
5254:978-0-393-32890-5
4983:978-0-500-28553-4
4321:(4089): 911–916.
4284:, pp. 31–64.
3979:Computer encoding
3930:
3929:
3733:
3732:
2258:Affixable Glyphs
2237:
2236:
1566:ruined Maya sites
1503:in his 1950 book
1501:J. E. S. Thompson
1461:Epi-Olmec culture
1367:Secondary centers
1286:
1285:
1177:⟨h⟩
1166:
1165:
1139:"(s)he finished"
917:'younger brother'
720:system with some
521:Chʼoltiʼ language
443:Maya civilization
428:
427:
203:Maya civilization
187:
186:
16:(Redirected from
11969:
11896:Lady Eveningstar
11888:
11813:
11613:
11456:
11380:
11212:
11178:Spanish conquest
11160:
11150:
11141:
11134:
11127:
11118:
11117:
11103:
11096:
11094:Braille literacy
11089:
11071:
11064:
11057:
11050:
11043:
11022:
11015:
11008:
11001:
10994:
10987:
10980:
10962:
10955:
10948:
10941:
10934:
10927:
10920:
10913:
10895:
10888:
10886:Slate and stylus
10881:
10874:
10872:Perkins Brailler
10867:
10860:
10853:
10846:
10839:
10832:
10830:Braille embosser
10825:
10805:
10798:
10791:
10783:
10776:
10769:
10747:
10739:
10732:
10714:
10707:
10698:
10691:
10684:
10677:
10670:
10654:
10651:American Braille
10635:
10632:Algerian Braille
10612:
10605:
10597:
10590:
10582:
10575:
10568:
10561:
10553:
10546:
10539:
10521:
10513:
10506:
10499:
10492:
10485:
10478:
10471:
10464:
10457:
10450:
10427:
10419:
10412:
10388:
10381:
10374:
10367:
10360:
10353:
10346:
10339:
10313:
10308:
10303:
10296:
10291:
10286:
10281:
10274:
10267:
10260:
10247:
10246:
10242:
10235:
10228:
10221:
10214:
10207:
10199:
10192:
10185:
10178:
10171:
10164:
10157:
10150:
10143:
10136:
10129:
10122:
10115:
10107:
10100:
10093:
10086:
10079:
10072:
10065:
10058:
10051:
10044:
10037:
10030:
10023:
10016:
10004:
9997:
9990:
9982:
9975:
9968:
9961:
9946:
9945:
9934:
9927:
9920:
9913:
9896:
9885:
9878:
9871:
9862:
9861:
9745:Deseret alphabet
9694:
9693:
9587:
9586:
9580:
9579:
9564:
9557:
9550:
9541:
9540:
9526:
9519:
9517:Braille literacy
9512:
9494:
9487:
9480:
9473:
9466:
9445:
9438:
9431:
9424:
9417:
9410:
9403:
9385:
9378:
9371:
9364:
9357:
9350:
9343:
9336:
9318:
9311:
9309:Slate and stylus
9304:
9297:
9295:Perkins Brailler
9290:
9283:
9276:
9269:
9262:
9255:
9253:Braille embosser
9248:
9228:
9221:
9214:
9206:
9199:
9192:
9170:
9162:
9155:
9137:
9130:
9121:
9114:
9107:
9100:
9093:
9077:
9074:American Braille
9058:
9055:Algerian Braille
9035:
9028:
9020:
9013:
9005:
8998:
8991:
8984:
8976:
8969:
8962:
8944:
8936:
8929:
8922:
8915:
8908:
8901:
8894:
8887:
8880:
8873:
8850:
8842:
8835:
8811:
8804:
8797:
8790:
8783:
8776:
8769:
8762:
8736:
8731:
8726:
8719:
8714:
8709:
8704:
8697:
8690:
8683:
8670:
8669:
8665:
8658:
8651:
8644:
8637:
8630:
8622:
8615:
8608:
8601:
8594:
8587:
8580:
8573:
8566:
8559:
8552:
8545:
8538:
8530:
8523:
8516:
8509:
8502:
8495:
8488:
8481:
8474:
8467:
8460:
8453:
8446:
8439:
8427:
8420:
8413:
8405:
8398:
8391:
8384:
8369:
8368:
8357:
8350:
8343:
8336:
8319:
8308:
8301:
8294:
8285:
8284:
8075:
8074:
8030:
8029:
7936:
7935:
7928:Semi-syllabaries
7923:
7922:
7624:
7623:
7615:
7614:
7602:
7601:
7487:
7486:
6842:
6841:
6829:
6828:
6731:Japanese Braille
6316:Zanabazar square
6185:Nepalese scripts
6075:Bengali–Assamese
6065:
6064:
6056:
6055:
6043:
6042:
5960:Pitman shorthand
5805:
5804:
5801:
5800:
5788:
5787:
5720:
5719:
5701:
5694:
5687:
5678:
5677:
5667:
5665:
5659:. Archived from
5658:
5591:
5586:
5585:
5577:
5572:
5571:
5570:
5555:
5533:
5511:
5499:
5485:
5451:
5439:
5425:
5401:
5371:
5369:
5368:
5332:(5765): 1281–3.
5323:
5322:Express republ.)
5302:
5285:Montgomery, John
5280:
5263:Montgomery, John
5258:
5237:
5207:
5181:
5164:
5162:
5149:
5129:
5120:
5118:
5117:
5111:
5099:
5097:
5096:
5090:
5080:. Archived from
5059:
5033:
5022:
5011:
4987:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4945:. Archived from
4936:
4925:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4915:
4900:
4894:
4893:
4891:
4890:
4876:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4866:
4852:
4846:
4839:
4833:
4828:
4822:
4821:
4814:
4808:
4807:
4805:
4781:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4763:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4752:
4746:
4738:
4732:
4726:
4720:
4714:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4703:
4694:
4686:
4680:
4674:
4668:
4662:
4656:
4650:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4640:
4626:
4620:
4614:
4608:
4602:
4593:
4587:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4567:
4564:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4554:
4539:
4533:
4515:
4509:
4503:
4494:
4493:
4485:
4479:
4478:
4460:
4454:
4448:
4442:
4436:
4430:
4427:
4421:
4420:
4412:
4406:
4405:
4397:
4391:
4385:
4379:
4373:
4367:
4361:
4355:
4354:
4310:
4304:
4303:
4291:
4285:
4279:
4273:
4267:
4261:
4255:
4249:
4243:
4237:
4231:
4222:
4221:
4168:
4162:
4156:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4139:
4124:
4118:
4117:
4111:
4103:
4061:
4052:
4036:
4033:
3969:Mayan long count
3864:Yax K’ahk’ K’uh?
3855:YAX K’AHK’ K’UH?
3792:ʔu(?) K’UH hu lu
3758:
3754:
3693:
3686:
3679:
3670:
3664:
3650:
3641:
3635:
3611:
3599:
3592:
3585:
3565:
3558:
3549:
3531:
3524:
3510:
3505:
3492:
3476:
3454:
3438:
3429:
3422:
3415:
3386:
3364:
3357:
3351:
3344:
3335:
3329:
3324:
3310:
3303:
3296:
3289:
3283:
3269:
3260:
3251:
3245:
3227:
3220:
3214:
3185:
3178:
3167:
3161:
3147:
3141:
3134:
3127:
3120:
3113:
3101:
3094:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3067:
3053:
3040:
3028:
3021:
3014:
3007:
3000:
2994:
2976:
2970:
2961:
2949:
2942:
2935:
2926:
2912:
2892:
2885:
2878:
2871:
2864:
2848:
2841:
2832:
2826:
2814:
2808:
2799:
2792:
2786:
2779:
2765:
2756:
2750:
2743:
2736:
2722:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2695:
2677:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2633:
2611:
2599:
2586:
2570:
2561:
2554:
2549:
2537:
2528:
2522:
2513:
2507:
2493:
2473:
2466:
2459:
2453:
2447:
2438:
2432:
2426:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2373:
2368:
2356:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2330:
2323:
2317:
2310:
2304:
2248:
2247:
1852:
1848:
1726:pattern analysis
1657:Marxist-Leninist
1524:Diego de Landa's
1409:Numerical system
1383:Tertiary centers
1311:Itzamnaaj Kʼawil
1276:
1275:
1258:
1257:
1240:
1239:
1221:
1220:
1214:Late Preclassic
1206:Transliteration
1200:
1193:
1178:
1153:
1152:
1130:
1129:
1107:
1106:
1084:
1083:
1061:
1060:
1040:Transliteration
1034:
1030:
972:= , or else if V
956:= , or else if V
940:'howler monkey'.
799:
789:
785:
778:
771:). For example,
739:
722:syllabogrammatic
672:
660:
656:
639:
630:
621:
595:
574:
565:
489:Japanese writing
449:and is the only
433:, also known as
420:
413:
406:
390:
389:
388:
214:
204:
189:
188:
183:
177:
173:
125:
122:
62:
49:
48:
45:
21:
11977:
11976:
11972:
11971:
11970:
11968:
11967:
11966:
11952:Mayan languages
11937:
11936:
11935:
11930:
11921:Wak Chanil Ajaw
11886:
11880:
11811:
11805:
11611:
11605:
11503:
11454:
11448:
11420:Human sacrifice
11378:
11372:
11235:Triadic pyramid
11213:
11204:
11168:Preclassic Maya
11158:
11152:
11148:
11145:
11115:
11106:
11099:
11092:
11085:
11074:
11067:
11060:
11053:
11046:
11039:
11025:
11018:
11011:
11004:
10997:
10990:
10983:
10976:
10965:
10958:
10951:
10944:
10937:
10930:
10923:
10918:Charles Barbier
10916:
10909:
10898:
10891:
10884:
10877:
10870:
10863:
10856:
10849:
10842:
10835:
10828:
10821:
10808:
10801:
10794:
10786:
10779:
10772:
10765:
10750:
10742:
10735:
10728:
10717:
10710:
10703:
10694:
10687:
10680:
10673:
10668:
10657:
10649:
10643:Frequency-based
10638:
10630:
10615:
10608:
10600:
10593:
10585:
10578:
10571:
10564:
10556:
10549:
10542:
10535:
10524:
10516:
10509:
10502:
10495:
10488:
10481:
10474:
10467:
10460:
10453:
10446:
10439:Bharati Braille
10436:
10430:
10422:
10415:
10408:
10397:
10391:
10384:
10377:
10370:
10363:
10356:
10349:
10342:
10335:
10324:
10318:
10311:
10306:
10299:
10294:
10289:
10284:
10277:
10270:
10263:
10256:
10245:
10238:
10231:
10224:
10217:
10210:
10202:
10195:
10188:
10181:
10174:
10167:
10160:
10153:
10146:
10139:
10132:
10125:
10118:
10110:
10103:
10096:
10089:
10082:
10075:
10068:
10061:
10054:
10047:
10040:
10033:
10026:
10019:
10013:Unified English
10007:
10000:
9993:
9985:
9978:
9971:
9964:
9957:
9942:Braille scripts
9937:
9930:
9923:
9916:
9909:
9898:
9894:
9889:
9848:
9820:
9749:
9738:Chinook writing
9681:
9659:Isthmian script
9642:
9624:
9608:
9574:
9573:of the Americas
9571:Writing systems
9568:
9538:
9529:
9522:
9515:
9508:
9497:
9490:
9483:
9476:
9469:
9462:
9448:
9441:
9434:
9427:
9420:
9413:
9406:
9399:
9388:
9381:
9374:
9367:
9360:
9353:
9346:
9341:Charles Barbier
9339:
9332:
9321:
9314:
9307:
9300:
9293:
9286:
9279:
9272:
9265:
9258:
9251:
9244:
9231:
9224:
9217:
9209:
9202:
9195:
9188:
9173:
9165:
9158:
9151:
9140:
9133:
9126:
9117:
9110:
9103:
9096:
9091:
9080:
9072:
9066:Frequency-based
9061:
9053:
9038:
9031:
9023:
9016:
9008:
9001:
8994:
8987:
8979:
8972:
8965:
8958:
8947:
8939:
8932:
8925:
8918:
8911:
8904:
8897:
8890:
8883:
8876:
8869:
8862:Bharati Braille
8859:
8853:
8845:
8838:
8831:
8820:
8814:
8807:
8800:
8793:
8786:
8779:
8772:
8765:
8758:
8747:
8741:
8734:
8729:
8722:
8717:
8712:
8707:
8700:
8693:
8686:
8679:
8668:
8661:
8654:
8647:
8640:
8633:
8625:
8618:
8611:
8604:
8597:
8590:
8583:
8576:
8569:
8562:
8555:
8548:
8541:
8533:
8526:
8519:
8512:
8505:
8498:
8491:
8484:
8477:
8470:
8463:
8456:
8449:
8442:
8436:Unified English
8430:
8423:
8416:
8408:
8401:
8394:
8387:
8380:
8365:Braille scripts
8360:
8353:
8346:
8339:
8332:
8321:
8317:
8312:
8267:
8082:
8065:
8061:Stokoe notation
8037:
8016:
7975:
7930:
7909:
7893:
7857:
7836:Logoconsonantal
7831:
7780:
7733:
7702:
7609:
7592:
7573:Siglas poveiras
7494:
7473:
7432:
7336:Younger Futhark
7040:Gregg shorthand
6836:
6815:
6668:
6320:
6050:
6033:
5812:
5795:
5778:
5751:Writing systems
5739:
5714:
5712:writing systems
5705:
5663:
5656:
5642:Wayback Machine
5610:Wayback Machine
5587:
5580:
5573:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5558:
5552:
5530:
5508:
5490:Tedlock, Dennis
5482:
5448:
5422:
5398:
5366:
5364:
5314:
5299:
5277:
5255:
5234:
5204:
5160:
5154:de Landa, Diego
5146:
5115:
5113:
5109:
5094:
5092:
5084:
5056:
5025:
5008:
4992:Coe, Michael D.
4984:
4968:Coe, Michael D.
4962:
4957:
4949:
4934:
4926:
4922:
4913:
4911:
4901:
4897:
4888:
4886:
4878:
4877:
4873:
4864:
4862:
4854:
4853:
4849:
4840:
4836:
4829:
4825:
4816:
4815:
4811:
4796:(45): 225–258.
4782:
4778:
4770:
4764:
4760:
4750:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4739:
4735:
4727:
4723:
4715:
4711:
4701:
4699:
4692:
4688:
4687:
4683:
4675:
4671:
4663:
4659:
4651:
4647:
4638:
4636:
4628:
4627:
4623:
4615:
4611:
4603:
4596:
4588:
4584:
4575:
4574:
4570:
4565:
4561:
4552:
4550:
4541:
4540:
4536:
4516:
4512:
4504:
4497:
4486:
4482:
4475:
4461:
4457:
4449:
4445:
4437:
4433:
4428:
4424:
4413:
4409:
4398:
4394:
4386:
4382:
4374:
4370:
4362:
4358:
4311:
4307:
4292:
4288:
4280:
4276:
4268:
4264:
4256:
4252:
4244:
4240:
4232:
4225:
4169:
4165:
4157:
4146:
4137:
4135:
4126:
4125:
4121:
4105:
4104:
4059:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4040:
4039:
4034:
4030:
4025:
4014:
3981:
3948:
3938:
3834:ʔu SAK hu na la
3738:
3665:
3656:
3636:
3625:
3603:
3573:
3541:
3516:
3484:
3464:
3442:
3407:
3390:
3370:
3352:
3330:
3316:
3284:
3275:
3246:
3237:
3215:
3206:
3189:
3162:
3153:
3142:
3105:
3068:
3059:
3032:
2995:
2986:
2971:
2953:
2918:
2896:
2856:
2827:
2818:
2809:
2787:
2771:
2751:
2728:
2696:
2687:
2665:
2625:
2603:
2578:
2541:
2523:
2508:
2499:
2477:
2454:
2448:
2433:
2427:
2418:
2397:
2360:
2351:
2331:
2318:
2305:
2296:
2242:
1781:Floyd Lounsbury
1750:Gilette Griffin
1738:anthropologists
1687:Maya glyphs at
1586:Mérida, Yucatán
1574:
1465:Isthmian script
1463:, who used the
1453:
1437:Arabic numerals
1417:
1411:
1340:Heinrich Berlin
1291:
1273:
1272:
1255:
1254:
1237:
1236:
1218:
1217:
1176:
1150:
1149:
1127:
1126:
1104:
1103:
1081:
1080:
1058:
1057:
1022:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
828:
797:
787:
783:
776:
737:
680:
679:
678:
677:
670:
658:
654:
642:
641:
640:
632:
631:
623:
622:
611:
610:
609:
608:
593:
577:
576:
575:
567:
566:
555:
531:Mayan languages
513:Maya priesthood
505:
467:Mayan languages
424:
386:
384:
377:
335:Preclassic Maya
202:
154:
147:
142:
123:
120:
104:Mayan languages
84:
77:
65:
53:
47:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
11975:
11965:
11964:
11959:
11954:
11949:
11932:
11931:
11929:
11928:
11923:
11918:
11913:
11908:
11903:
11898:
11892:
11890:
11882:
11881:
11879:
11878:
11873:
11868:
11866:Yoʼnal Ahk III
11863:
11858:
11853:
11848:
11843:
11838:
11833:
11828:
11823:
11817:
11815:
11807:
11806:
11804:
11803:
11798:
11793:
11788:
11783:
11778:
11773:
11768:
11763:
11758:
11753:
11748:
11742:
11741:
11736:
11731:
11726:
11721:
11716:
11711:
11706:
11702:
11701:
11696:
11691:
11686:
11681:
11676:
11671:
11666:
11661:
11656:
11651:
11646:
11641:
11636:
11631:
11626:
11621:
11617:
11615:
11607:
11606:
11604:
11603:
11596:
11589:
11582:
11575:
11568:
11561:
11560:
11559:
11552:
11545:
11538:
11526:
11519:
11511:
11509:
11505:
11504:
11502:
11501:
11496:
11491:
11486:
11481:
11476:
11471:
11466:
11460:
11458:
11450:
11449:
11447:
11446:
11441:
11440:
11439:
11432:Social classes
11429:
11428:
11427:
11422:
11417:
11412:
11402:
11401:
11400:
11390:
11384:
11382:
11374:
11373:
11371:
11370:
11365:
11360:
11355:
11350:
11345:
11340:
11335:
11330:
11325:
11320:
11319:
11318:
11313:
11308:
11298:
11297:
11296:
11294:Maritime trade
11291:
11281:
11276:
11271:
11266:
11261:
11260:
11259:
11249:
11248:
11247:
11242:
11237:
11232:
11221:
11219:
11215:
11214:
11207:
11205:
11203:
11202:
11201:
11200:
11195:
11190:
11185:
11175:
11170:
11164:
11162:
11154:
11153:
11144:
11143:
11136:
11129:
11121:
11112:
11111:
11108:
11107:
11105:
11104:
11097:
11090:
11082:
11080:
11079:Related topics
11076:
11075:
11073:
11072:
11065:
11058:
11055:New York Point
11051:
11044:
11036:
11034:
11027:
11026:
11024:
11023:
11016:
11009:
11002:
10995:
10988:
10981:
10973:
10971:
10967:
10966:
10964:
10963:
10956:
10949:
10942:
10939:Harris Mowbray
10935:
10928:
10921:
10914:
10906:
10904:
10900:
10899:
10897:
10896:
10889:
10882:
10875:
10868:
10861:
10854:
10847:
10840:
10833:
10826:
10823:Braille e-book
10818:
10816:
10810:
10809:
10807:
10806:
10799:
10792:
10784:
10777:
10770:
10762:
10760:
10756:
10755:
10752:
10751:
10749:
10748:
10740:
10733:
10725:
10723:
10719:
10718:
10716:
10715:
10708:
10701:
10700:
10699:
10692:
10685:
10678:
10665:
10663:
10659:
10658:
10656:
10655:
10646:
10644:
10640:
10639:
10637:
10636:
10627:
10625:
10621:
10620:
10617:
10616:
10614:
10613:
10606:
10598:
10591:
10583:
10576:
10569:
10562:
10554:
10547:
10540:
10532:
10530:
10526:
10525:
10523:
10522:
10514:
10507:
10500:
10493:
10486:
10479:
10472:
10465:
10458:
10451:
10443:
10441:
10432:
10431:
10429:
10428:
10420:
10413:
10405:
10403:
10393:
10392:
10390:
10389:
10382:
10375:
10368:
10361:
10354:
10347:
10340:
10332:
10330:
10320:
10319:
10317:
10316:
10315:
10314:
10309:
10304:
10297:
10292:
10287:
10275:
10268:
10261:
10253:
10251:
10244:
10243:
10236:
10229:
10222:
10215:
10208:
10200:
10193:
10186:
10179:
10172:
10165:
10158:
10151:
10144:
10137:
10130:
10123:
10116:
10108:
10101:
10094:
10087:
10080:
10073:
10066:
10059:
10052:
10045:
10038:
10031:
10024:
10017:
10005:
9998:
9991:
9983:
9976:
9969:
9962:
9954:
9952:
9950:French-ordered
9943:
9939:
9938:
9936:
9935:
9928:
9921:
9914:
9906:
9904:
9900:
9899:
9888:
9887:
9880:
9873:
9865:
9858:
9857:
9854:
9853:
9850:
9849:
9847:
9846:
9845:
9844:
9834:
9828:
9826:
9822:
9821:
9819:
9818:
9813:
9808:
9803:
9802:
9801:
9796:
9791:
9786:
9780:
9775:
9765:
9759:
9757:
9751:
9750:
9748:
9747:
9742:
9741:
9740:
9730:
9725:
9724:
9723:
9718:
9713:
9702:
9700:
9691:
9690:post-Columbian
9687:
9686:
9683:
9682:
9680:
9679:
9661:
9656:
9650:
9648:
9644:
9643:
9641:
9640:
9634:
9632:
9626:
9625:
9623:
9622:
9616:
9614:
9610:
9609:
9607:
9606:
9601:
9595:
9593:
9584:
9576:
9575:
9567:
9566:
9559:
9552:
9544:
9535:
9534:
9531:
9530:
9528:
9527:
9520:
9513:
9505:
9503:
9502:Related topics
9499:
9498:
9496:
9495:
9488:
9481:
9478:New York Point
9474:
9467:
9459:
9457:
9450:
9449:
9447:
9446:
9439:
9432:
9425:
9418:
9411:
9404:
9396:
9394:
9390:
9389:
9387:
9386:
9379:
9372:
9365:
9362:Harris Mowbray
9358:
9351:
9344:
9337:
9329:
9327:
9323:
9322:
9320:
9319:
9312:
9305:
9298:
9291:
9284:
9277:
9270:
9263:
9256:
9249:
9246:Braille e-book
9241:
9239:
9233:
9232:
9230:
9229:
9222:
9215:
9207:
9200:
9193:
9185:
9183:
9179:
9178:
9175:
9174:
9172:
9171:
9163:
9156:
9148:
9146:
9142:
9141:
9139:
9138:
9131:
9124:
9123:
9122:
9115:
9108:
9101:
9088:
9086:
9082:
9081:
9079:
9078:
9069:
9067:
9063:
9062:
9060:
9059:
9050:
9048:
9044:
9043:
9040:
9039:
9037:
9036:
9029:
9021:
9014:
9006:
8999:
8992:
8985:
8977:
8970:
8963:
8955:
8953:
8949:
8948:
8946:
8945:
8937:
8930:
8923:
8916:
8909:
8902:
8895:
8888:
8881:
8874:
8866:
8864:
8855:
8854:
8852:
8851:
8843:
8836:
8828:
8826:
8816:
8815:
8813:
8812:
8805:
8798:
8791:
8784:
8777:
8770:
8763:
8755:
8753:
8743:
8742:
8740:
8739:
8738:
8737:
8732:
8727:
8720:
8715:
8710:
8698:
8691:
8684:
8676:
8674:
8667:
8666:
8659:
8652:
8645:
8638:
8631:
8623:
8616:
8609:
8602:
8595:
8588:
8581:
8574:
8567:
8560:
8553:
8546:
8539:
8531:
8524:
8517:
8510:
8503:
8496:
8489:
8482:
8475:
8468:
8461:
8454:
8447:
8440:
8428:
8421:
8414:
8406:
8399:
8392:
8385:
8377:
8375:
8373:French-ordered
8366:
8362:
8361:
8359:
8358:
8351:
8344:
8337:
8329:
8327:
8323:
8322:
8311:
8310:
8303:
8296:
8288:
8281:
8280:
8277:
8276:
8273:
8272:
8269:
8268:
8266:
8265:
8260:
8255:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8230:
8225:
8220:
8215:
8213:Linear Elamite
8210:
8205:
8200:
8195:
8194:
8193:
8188:
8183:
8178:
8173:
8168:
8158:
8153:
8148:
8143:
8138:
8133:
8128:
8123:
8118:
8113:
8108:
8103:
8098:
8093:
8087:
8084:
8083:
8071:
8070:
8067:
8066:
8064:
8063:
8058:
8053:
8048:
8042:
8039:
8038:
8035:Sign languages
8026:
8025:
8022:
8021:
8018:
8017:
8015:
8014:
8012:Quốc Âm Tân Tự
8009:
8004:
7999:
7994:
7989:
7987:Espanca script
7983:
7981:
7977:
7976:
7974:
7973:
7968:
7963:
7958:
7953:
7948:
7946:Linear Elamite
7942:
7940:
7932:
7931:
7919:
7918:
7915:
7914:
7911:
7910:
7908:
7907:
7901:
7899:
7895:
7894:
7892:
7891:
7886:
7881:
7876:
7871:
7865:
7863:
7859:
7858:
7856:
7855:
7850:
7845:
7839:
7837:
7833:
7832:
7830:
7829:
7827:Yi (Classical)
7824:
7819:
7814:
7809:
7804:
7799:
7794:
7788:
7786:
7782:
7781:
7779:
7778:
7773:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7747:
7745:
7739:
7738:
7735:
7734:
7732:
7731:
7726:
7721:
7716:
7710:
7708:
7704:
7703:
7701:
7700:
7695:
7690:
7685:
7680:
7675:
7674:
7673:
7668:
7663:
7653:
7651:Bronze scripts
7648:
7643:
7638:
7632:
7630:
7621:
7611:
7610:
7598:
7597:
7594:
7593:
7591:
7590:
7585:
7580:
7575:
7570:
7565:
7560:
7555:
7550:
7545:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7499:
7496:
7495:
7483:
7482:
7479:
7478:
7475:
7474:
7472:
7471:
7466:
7464:Flag semaphore
7461:
7459:New York Point
7456:
7454:Telegraph code
7451:
7449:Maritime flags
7446:
7440:
7438:
7434:
7433:
7431:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7405:
7403:Visible Speech
7400:
7395:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7373:Sorang Sompeng
7370:
7365:
7360:
7359:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7343:
7338:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7293:
7288:
7283:
7278:
7277:
7276:
7275:
7274:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7257:Galik alphabet
7254:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7189:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7163:
7162:
7157:
7155:Tironian notes
7152:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7021:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7000:
6998:Garay alphabet
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6965:
6960:
6955:
6950:
6949:
6948:
6938:
6933:
6932:
6931:
6926:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6875:
6874:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6848:
6846:
6838:
6837:
6825:
6824:
6821:
6820:
6817:
6816:
6814:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6781:Sorang Sompeng
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6707:
6706:
6704:Déné syllabics
6701:
6691:
6686:
6680:
6678:
6674:
6673:
6670:
6669:
6667:
6666:
6665:
6664:
6659:
6649:
6648:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6541:
6540:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6494:
6493:
6488:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6467:
6466:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6430:
6429:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6328:
6326:
6322:
6321:
6319:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6307:
6306:
6301:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6260:
6259:
6249:
6248:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6071:
6069:
6062:
6052:
6051:
6039:
6038:
6035:
6034:
6032:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6020:
6019:
6014:
6009:
5999:
5994:
5993:
5992:
5987:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5965:Proto-Sinaitic
5962:
5957:
5956:
5955:
5945:
5940:
5939:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5887:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5850:
5849:
5839:
5838:
5837:
5826:
5825:
5817:
5814:
5813:
5797:
5796:
5784:
5783:
5780:
5779:
5777:
5776:
5770:
5769:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5747:
5745:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5737:
5732:
5726:
5724:
5716:
5715:
5704:
5703:
5696:
5689:
5681:
5675:
5674:
5669:
5668:(in Ukrainian)
5666:on 2012-08-29.
5649:
5644:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5600:
5593:
5592:
5589:Writing portal
5578:
5562:
5561:External links
5559:
5557:
5556:
5550:
5534:
5528:
5512:
5506:
5486:
5480:
5452:
5446:
5426:
5420:
5402:
5396:
5372:
5303:
5297:
5281:
5275:
5259:
5253:
5238:
5232:
5208:
5202:
5186:Mathews, Peter
5182:
5165:
5150:
5144:
5130:
5121:
5100:
5060:
5054:
5034:
5023:
5012:
5006:
4988:
4982:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4955:
4952:on 2020-02-08.
4920:
4895:
4871:
4847:
4834:
4823:
4809:
4792:(in Spanish).
4776:
4758:
4733:
4721:
4719:, p. 268.
4709:
4681:
4679:, p. 205.
4669:
4657:
4645:
4621:
4609:
4607:, p. 147.
4594:
4592:, p. 151.
4582:
4568:
4559:
4534:
4510:
4508:, p. 294.
4495:
4480:
4473:
4455:
4443:
4431:
4422:
4407:
4392:
4380:
4368:
4356:
4305:
4298:(in Spanish).
4286:
4274:
4262:
4250:
4238:
4223:
4194:10.1086/300142
4188:(3): 321–356.
4163:
4144:
4119:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4017:Mayan Numerals
4012:
4009:Mayan numerals
3984:allocated for
3980:
3977:
3955:, a record of
3947:
3944:
3928:
3927:
3924:
3919:
3916:
3913:
3909:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3895:
3892:
3888:
3887:
3885:k’uh(ul)? ...l
3882:
3877:
3874:
3871:
3867:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3853:
3850:
3846:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3832:
3829:
3825:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3811:
3808:
3804:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3790:
3787:
3783:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3773:
3769:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3756:Transcription
3737:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3727:
3724:
3721:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3671:
3658:
3653:
3651:
3644:
3642:
3629:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3605:
3600:
3593:
3586:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3559:
3552:
3550:
3543:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3525:
3518:
3512:
3511:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3486:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3439:
3432:
3430:
3423:
3416:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3387:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3358:
3345:
3338:
3336:
3318:
3313:
3311:
3304:
3297:
3290:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3263:
3261:
3254:
3252:
3239:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3221:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3186:
3179:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3135:
3128:
3121:
3114:
3107:
3102:
3095:
3088:
3081:
3074:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3034:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2964:
2962:
2955:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2927:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2893:
2886:
2879:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2833:
2820:
2815:
2802:
2800:
2793:
2780:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2759:
2757:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2725:
2723:
2716:
2709:
2702:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2662:
2655:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2605:
2600:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2564:
2562:
2555:
2543:
2538:
2531:
2529:
2516:
2514:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2441:
2439:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2362:
2357:
2344:
2337:
2324:
2311:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1836:Dumbarton Oaks
1775:consisting of
1730:archaeologists
1708:Piedras Negras
1698:Detail of the
1632:, rather than
1624:'s manuscript
1614:Napoleon Cordy
1605:Benjamin Whorf
1573:
1570:
1540:Latin alphabet
1452:
1449:
1413:Main article:
1410:
1407:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1270:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1234:
1233:Early Classic
1230:
1229:
1223:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1209:Transcription
1207:
1204:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1155:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1132:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1109:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1086:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1063:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1043:Transcription
1041:
1038:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1010:(underspelled)
1005:
999:
994:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
944:
941:
918:
903:
827:
824:
644:
643:
634:
633:
625:
624:
616:
615:
614:
613:
612:
579:
578:
569:
568:
560:
559:
558:
557:
556:
554:
551:
504:
501:
471:Latin alphabet
439:writing system
426:
425:
423:
422:
415:
408:
400:
397:
396:
395:
394:
379:
378:
376:
375:
370:
365:
360:
352:
351:
345:
344:
343:
342:
337:
329:
328:
322:
321:
320:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
216:
215:
207:
206:
198:
197:
185:
184:
178:⟩, see
151:
150:
143:
138:
135:
134:
128:
127:
118:
112:
111:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
85:
82:
79:
78:
73:
71:
67:
66:
63:
55:
54:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11974:
11963:
11960:
11958:
11955:
11953:
11950:
11948:
11945:
11944:
11942:
11927:
11924:
11922:
11919:
11917:
11914:
11912:
11909:
11907:
11906:Lady of Tikal
11904:
11902:
11901:Lady of Itzan
11899:
11897:
11894:
11893:
11891:
11889:
11883:
11877:
11874:
11872:
11869:
11867:
11864:
11862:
11859:
11857:
11854:
11852:
11849:
11847:
11844:
11842:
11839:
11837:
11834:
11832:
11829:
11827:
11826:Haʼ Kʼin Xook
11824:
11822:
11819:
11818:
11816:
11814:
11808:
11802:
11799:
11797:
11794:
11792:
11789:
11787:
11784:
11782:
11779:
11777:
11774:
11772:
11769:
11767:
11764:
11762:
11759:
11757:
11754:
11752:
11749:
11747:
11744:
11743:
11740:
11737:
11735:
11732:
11730:
11727:
11725:
11722:
11720:
11717:
11715:
11712:
11710:
11707:
11704:
11703:
11700:
11697:
11695:
11692:
11690:
11687:
11685:
11682:
11680:
11677:
11675:
11672:
11670:
11667:
11665:
11662:
11660:
11657:
11655:
11652:
11650:
11647:
11645:
11642:
11640:
11637:
11635:
11632:
11630:
11627:
11625:
11622:
11619:
11618:
11616:
11614:
11608:
11602:
11601:
11597:
11595:
11594:
11593:Título Cʼoyoi
11590:
11588:
11587:
11583:
11581:
11580:
11576:
11574:
11573:
11569:
11567:
11566:
11562:
11558:
11557:
11553:
11551:
11550:
11546:
11544:
11543:
11539:
11537:
11536:
11532:
11531:
11530:
11527:
11525:
11524:
11520:
11518:
11517:
11513:
11512:
11510:
11506:
11500:
11497:
11495:
11492:
11490:
11487:
11485:
11482:
11480:
11477:
11475:
11472:
11470:
11467:
11465:
11462:
11461:
11459:
11457:
11451:
11445:
11442:
11438:
11435:
11434:
11433:
11430:
11426:
11425:Death rituals
11423:
11421:
11418:
11416:
11413:
11411:
11408:
11407:
11406:
11403:
11399:
11396:
11395:
11394:
11391:
11389:
11386:
11385:
11383:
11381:
11375:
11369:
11366:
11364:
11361:
11359:
11356:
11354:
11351:
11349:
11346:
11344:
11341:
11339:
11336:
11334:
11331:
11329:
11326:
11324:
11321:
11317:
11314:
11312:
11309:
11307:
11304:
11303:
11302:
11299:
11295:
11292:
11290:
11287:
11286:
11285:
11282:
11280:
11277:
11275:
11272:
11270:
11267:
11265:
11262:
11258:
11255:
11254:
11253:
11250:
11246:
11243:
11241:
11238:
11236:
11233:
11231:
11228:
11227:
11226:
11223:
11222:
11220:
11216:
11211:
11199:
11196:
11194:
11191:
11189:
11186:
11184:
11181:
11180:
11179:
11176:
11174:
11171:
11169:
11166:
11165:
11163:
11161:
11155:
11151:
11142:
11137:
11135:
11130:
11128:
11123:
11122:
11119:
11102:
11098:
11095:
11091:
11088:
11084:
11083:
11081:
11077:
11070:
11066:
11063:
11062:Night writing
11059:
11056:
11052:
11049:
11045:
11042:
11038:
11037:
11035:
11033:
11028:
11021:
11017:
11014:
11010:
11007:
11003:
11000:
10996:
10993:
10989:
10986:
10982:
10979:
10975:
10974:
10972:
10970:Organisations
10968:
10961:
10957:
10954:
10950:
10947:
10943:
10940:
10936:
10933:
10932:Valentin Haüy
10929:
10926:
10922:
10919:
10915:
10912:
10911:Louis Braille
10908:
10907:
10905:
10901:
10894:
10890:
10887:
10883:
10880:
10876:
10873:
10869:
10866:
10862:
10859:
10855:
10852:
10848:
10845:
10844:Braille watch
10841:
10838:
10834:
10831:
10827:
10824:
10820:
10819:
10817:
10815:
10811:
10804:
10800:
10797:
10793:
10789:
10785:
10782:
10778:
10775:
10771:
10768:
10767:Braille music
10764:
10763:
10761:
10757:
10745:
10741:
10738:
10734:
10731:
10730:Luxembourgish
10727:
10726:
10724:
10720:
10713:
10709:
10706:
10702:
10697:
10693:
10690:
10686:
10683:
10679:
10676:
10672:
10671:
10667:
10666:
10664:
10660:
10652:
10648:
10647:
10645:
10641:
10633:
10629:
10628:
10626:
10622:
10611:
10607:
10603:
10599:
10596:
10592:
10588:
10584:
10581:
10577:
10574:
10570:
10567:
10563:
10559:
10555:
10552:
10548:
10545:
10541:
10538:
10534:
10533:
10531:
10529:Other scripts
10527:
10519:
10515:
10512:
10508:
10505:
10501:
10498:
10494:
10491:
10487:
10484:
10480:
10477:
10473:
10470:
10466:
10463:
10459:
10456:
10452:
10449:
10445:
10444:
10442:
10440:
10433:
10425:
10421:
10418:
10414:
10411:
10407:
10406:
10404:
10401:
10394:
10387:
10383:
10380:
10376:
10373:
10369:
10366:
10362:
10359:
10355:
10352:
10348:
10345:
10341:
10338:
10334:
10333:
10331:
10328:
10321:
10310:
10305:
10302:
10301:Northern Sámi
10298:
10293:
10288:
10283:
10282:
10280:
10276:
10273:
10269:
10266:
10262:
10259:
10255:
10254:
10252:
10250:Nordic family
10248:
10241:
10237:
10234:
10230:
10227:
10223:
10220:
10216:
10213:
10209:
10205:
10201:
10198:
10194:
10191:
10190:South African
10187:
10184:
10180:
10177:
10173:
10170:
10166:
10163:
10159:
10156:
10152:
10149:
10145:
10142:
10138:
10135:
10131:
10128:
10124:
10121:
10117:
10113:
10112:Luxembourgish
10109:
10106:
10102:
10099:
10095:
10092:
10088:
10085:
10081:
10078:
10074:
10071:
10067:
10064:
10060:
10057:
10053:
10050:
10046:
10043:
10039:
10036:
10032:
10029:
10025:
10022:
10018:
10014:
10010:
10006:
10003:
9999:
9996:
9992:
9988:
9984:
9981:
9977:
9974:
9970:
9967:
9963:
9960:
9956:
9955:
9953:
9951:
9947:
9944:
9940:
9933:
9929:
9926:
9925:ASCII braille
9922:
9919:
9915:
9912:
9908:
9907:
9905:
9901:
9893:
9886:
9881:
9879:
9874:
9872:
9867:
9866:
9863:
9859:
9843:
9840:
9839:
9838:
9835:
9833:
9830:
9829:
9827:
9823:
9817:
9814:
9812:
9809:
9807:
9804:
9800:
9797:
9795:
9792:
9790:
9787:
9784:
9781:
9779:
9776:
9774:
9771:
9770:
9769:
9766:
9764:
9761:
9760:
9758:
9756:
9752:
9746:
9743:
9739:
9736:
9735:
9734:
9731:
9729:
9726:
9722:
9719:
9717:
9714:
9712:
9709:
9708:
9707:
9704:
9703:
9701:
9699:
9695:
9692:
9688:
9677:
9673:
9669:
9665:
9662:
9660:
9657:
9655:
9652:
9651:
9649:
9645:
9639:
9636:
9635:
9633:
9631:
9627:
9621:
9618:
9617:
9615:
9611:
9605:
9602:
9600:
9597:
9596:
9594:
9592:
9588:
9585:
9583:pre-Columbian
9581:
9577:
9572:
9565:
9560:
9558:
9553:
9551:
9546:
9545:
9542:
9525:
9521:
9518:
9514:
9511:
9507:
9506:
9504:
9500:
9493:
9489:
9486:
9485:Night writing
9482:
9479:
9475:
9472:
9468:
9465:
9461:
9460:
9458:
9456:
9451:
9444:
9440:
9437:
9433:
9430:
9426:
9423:
9419:
9416:
9412:
9409:
9405:
9402:
9398:
9397:
9395:
9393:Organisations
9391:
9384:
9380:
9377:
9373:
9370:
9366:
9363:
9359:
9356:
9355:Valentin Haüy
9352:
9349:
9345:
9342:
9338:
9335:
9334:Louis Braille
9331:
9330:
9328:
9324:
9317:
9313:
9310:
9306:
9303:
9299:
9296:
9292:
9289:
9285:
9282:
9278:
9275:
9271:
9268:
9267:Braille watch
9264:
9261:
9257:
9254:
9250:
9247:
9243:
9242:
9240:
9238:
9234:
9227:
9223:
9220:
9216:
9212:
9208:
9205:
9201:
9198:
9194:
9191:
9190:Braille music
9187:
9186:
9184:
9180:
9168:
9164:
9161:
9157:
9154:
9153:Luxembourgish
9150:
9149:
9147:
9143:
9136:
9132:
9129:
9125:
9120:
9116:
9113:
9109:
9106:
9102:
9099:
9095:
9094:
9090:
9089:
9087:
9083:
9075:
9071:
9070:
9068:
9064:
9056:
9052:
9051:
9049:
9045:
9034:
9030:
9026:
9022:
9019:
9015:
9011:
9007:
9004:
9000:
8997:
8993:
8990:
8986:
8982:
8978:
8975:
8971:
8968:
8964:
8961:
8957:
8956:
8954:
8952:Other scripts
8950:
8942:
8938:
8935:
8931:
8928:
8924:
8921:
8917:
8914:
8910:
8907:
8903:
8900:
8896:
8893:
8889:
8886:
8882:
8879:
8875:
8872:
8868:
8867:
8865:
8863:
8856:
8848:
8844:
8841:
8837:
8834:
8830:
8829:
8827:
8824:
8817:
8810:
8806:
8803:
8799:
8796:
8792:
8789:
8785:
8782:
8778:
8775:
8771:
8768:
8764:
8761:
8757:
8756:
8754:
8751:
8744:
8733:
8728:
8725:
8724:Northern Sámi
8721:
8716:
8711:
8706:
8705:
8703:
8699:
8696:
8692:
8689:
8685:
8682:
8678:
8677:
8675:
8673:Nordic family
8671:
8664:
8660:
8657:
8653:
8650:
8646:
8643:
8639:
8636:
8632:
8628:
8624:
8621:
8617:
8614:
8613:South African
8610:
8607:
8603:
8600:
8596:
8593:
8589:
8586:
8582:
8579:
8575:
8572:
8568:
8565:
8561:
8558:
8554:
8551:
8547:
8544:
8540:
8536:
8535:Luxembourgish
8532:
8529:
8525:
8522:
8518:
8515:
8511:
8508:
8504:
8501:
8497:
8494:
8490:
8487:
8483:
8480:
8476:
8473:
8469:
8466:
8462:
8459:
8455:
8452:
8448:
8445:
8441:
8437:
8433:
8429:
8426:
8422:
8419:
8415:
8411:
8407:
8404:
8400:
8397:
8393:
8390:
8386:
8383:
8379:
8378:
8376:
8374:
8370:
8367:
8363:
8356:
8352:
8349:
8348:ASCII braille
8345:
8342:
8338:
8335:
8331:
8330:
8328:
8324:
8316:
8309:
8304:
8302:
8297:
8295:
8290:
8289:
8286:
8282:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8231:
8229:
8226:
8224:
8221:
8219:
8216:
8214:
8211:
8209:
8206:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8196:
8192:
8189:
8187:
8184:
8182:
8179:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8169:
8167:
8164:
8163:
8162:
8159:
8157:
8154:
8152:
8149:
8147:
8144:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8107:
8104:
8102:
8099:
8097:
8094:
8092:
8089:
8088:
8085:
8081:
8076:
8072:
8062:
8059:
8057:
8054:
8052:
8049:
8047:
8044:
8043:
8040:
8036:
8031:
8027:
8013:
8010:
8008:
8005:
8003:
8000:
7998:
7995:
7993:
7990:
7988:
7985:
7984:
7982:
7978:
7972:
7969:
7967:
7964:
7962:
7959:
7957:
7954:
7952:
7949:
7947:
7944:
7943:
7941:
7937:
7933:
7929:
7924:
7920:
7906:
7903:
7902:
7900:
7896:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7880:
7879:Attic (Greek)
7877:
7875:
7872:
7870:
7867:
7866:
7864:
7860:
7854:
7851:
7849:
7846:
7844:
7841:
7840:
7838:
7834:
7828:
7825:
7823:
7820:
7818:
7817:Proto-Elamite
7815:
7813:
7810:
7808:
7805:
7803:
7800:
7798:
7795:
7793:
7790:
7789:
7787:
7783:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7748:
7746:
7744:
7740:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7722:
7720:
7717:
7715:
7712:
7711:
7709:
7705:
7699:
7696:
7694:
7691:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7659:
7658:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7633:
7631:
7629:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7616:
7612:
7608:
7603:
7599:
7589:
7586:
7584:
7581:
7579:
7576:
7574:
7571:
7569:
7566:
7564:
7561:
7559:
7556:
7554:
7551:
7549:
7546:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7500:
7497:
7493:
7488:
7484:
7470:
7467:
7465:
7462:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7452:
7450:
7447:
7445:
7442:
7441:
7439:
7435:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7331:Elder Futhark
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7313:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7249:
7248:
7245:
7244:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7222:Old Hungarian
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7161:
7158:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7092:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7050:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7005:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6966:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6947:
6944:
6943:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6921:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6873:
6870:
6869:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6849:
6847:
6843:
6839:
6835:
6830:
6826:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6756:Masaram Gondi
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6726:Gunjala Gondi
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6696:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6681:
6679:
6675:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6654:
6653:
6650:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6612:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6539:
6538:Old Sundanese
6536:
6535:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6483:
6482:
6481:Old Maldivian
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6465:
6464:Bilang-bilang
6462:
6461:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6428:
6425:
6424:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6329:
6327:
6323:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6296:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6284:Sylheti Nagri
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6258:
6255:
6254:
6253:
6250:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6187:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6085:Brahmi script
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6072:
6070:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6057:
6053:
6049:
6044:
6040:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6004:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5982:
5981:
5980:South Arabian
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5954:
5951:
5950:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5926:Inscriptional
5924:
5922:
5919:
5918:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5866:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5848:
5845:
5844:
5843:
5840:
5836:
5833:
5832:
5831:
5828:
5827:
5824:
5823:
5819:
5818:
5815:
5811:
5806:
5802:
5798:
5794:
5789:
5785:
5775:
5771:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5753:
5752:
5749:
5748:
5746:
5742:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5727:
5725:
5721:
5717:
5713:
5709:
5702:
5697:
5695:
5690:
5688:
5683:
5682:
5679:
5673:
5670:
5662:
5655:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5639:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5607:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5595:
5594:
5590:
5584:
5579:
5576:
5565:
5553:
5547:
5543:
5539:
5535:
5531:
5525:
5521:
5517:
5513:
5509:
5503:
5498:
5497:
5491:
5487:
5483:
5481:0-88402-209-9
5477:
5473:
5469:
5465:
5461:
5457:
5456:Stuart, David
5453:
5449:
5447:0-385-17249-4
5443:
5438:
5437:
5431:
5427:
5423:
5421:0-688-07456-1
5417:
5413:
5412:
5407:
5406:Schele, Linda
5403:
5399:
5397:0-8076-1278-2
5393:
5389:
5385:
5381:
5377:
5376:Schele, Linda
5373:
5363:
5359:
5355:
5351:
5347:
5343:
5339:
5335:
5331:
5327:
5321:
5318:
5313:
5309:
5308:Stuart, David
5304:
5300:
5294:
5290:
5286:
5282:
5278:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5260:
5256:
5250:
5246:
5245:
5239:
5235:
5233:0-88402-066-5
5229:
5225:
5221:
5217:
5213:
5212:Marcus, Joyce
5209:
5205:
5203:0-521-39210-1
5199:
5195:
5191:
5187:
5183:
5179:
5175:
5171:
5166:
5159:
5155:
5151:
5147:
5145:84-923545-0-X
5141:
5137:
5131:
5127:
5122:
5108:
5107:
5101:
5091:on 2021-02-24
5088:
5083:
5079:
5075:
5071:
5070:
5065:
5061:
5057:
5055:0-292-73855-2
5051:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5035:
5031:
5030:
5024:
5020:
5019:
5013:
5009:
5007:0-500-05061-9
5003:
4999:
4998:
4993:
4989:
4985:
4979:
4975:
4974:
4969:
4965:
4964:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4933:
4932:
4924:
4910:
4906:
4899:
4885:
4881:
4875:
4861:
4857:
4851:
4844:
4838:
4832:
4827:
4819:
4813:
4804:
4799:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4780:
4769:
4762:
4747:. Unicode.org
4743:
4737:
4730:
4725:
4718:
4713:
4698:
4691:
4685:
4678:
4673:
4666:
4661:
4654:
4649:
4635:
4631:
4625:
4618:
4613:
4606:
4601:
4599:
4591:
4586:
4580:
4579:Yuri Knorozov
4572:
4563:
4548:
4544:
4538:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4514:
4507:
4506:McKillop 2004
4502:
4500:
4491:
4484:
4476:
4474:9781628733228
4470:
4466:
4459:
4452:
4447:
4440:
4435:
4426:
4418:
4411:
4403:
4396:
4389:
4384:
4377:
4372:
4365:
4360:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4309:
4301:
4297:
4290:
4283:
4278:
4272:, p. 72.
4271:
4266:
4260:, p. 66.
4259:
4254:
4248:, p. 22.
4247:
4242:
4236:, p. 13.
4235:
4230:
4228:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4182:
4177:
4176:Stuart, David
4173:
4167:
4160:
4155:
4153:
4151:
4149:
4133:
4129:
4123:
4115:
4109:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4058:
4051:
4047:
4032:
4028:
4020:
4018:
4010:
4005:
4002:
3998:
3993:
3991:
3987:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3943:
3941:
3937:
3934:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3917:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3906:Chaahk (‘GI’)
3904:
3902:
3899:
3896:
3893:
3890:
3889:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3854:
3851:
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3847:
3844:
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3839:
3836:
3833:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3812:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3777:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3759:
3749:
3745:
3743:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3702:
3699:
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3696:
3692:
3688:
3685:
3681:
3678:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3663:
3659:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3634:
3630:
3628:
3623:
3622:
3619:
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3615:
3613:
3610:
3606:
3601:
3598:
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3587:
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3578:
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3571:
3570:
3567:
3564:
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3557:
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3544:
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3530:
3526:
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3519:
3514:
3513:
3509:
3504:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3487:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3462:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3449:
3447:
3445:
3440:
3437:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3424:
3421:
3417:
3414:
3410:
3405:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3388:
3385:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3356:
3350:
3346:
3343:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3328:
3323:
3319:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3305:
3302:
3298:
3295:
3291:
3288:
3282:
3278:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3244:
3240:
3235:
3233:
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3229:
3226:
3222:
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3213:
3209:
3204:
3203:
3200:
3198:
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3192:
3187:
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3180:
3177:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3166:
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3156:
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3150:
3146:
3140:
3136:
3133:
3129:
3126:
3122:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3108:
3103:
3100:
3096:
3093:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3066:
3062:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3035:
3030:
3027:
3023:
3020:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3006:
3002:
2999:
2993:
2989:
2984:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2969:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2956:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2921:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2894:
2891:
2887:
2884:
2880:
2877:
2873:
2870:
2866:
2863:
2859:
2854:
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2850:
2847:
2843:
2840:
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2825:
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2813:
2807:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2785:
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2778:
2774:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2760:
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2755:
2749:
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2742:
2738:
2735:
2731:
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2714:
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2707:
2703:
2700:
2694:
2690:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2663:
2660:
2656:
2653:
2649:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2635:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2606:
2601:
2598:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2581:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2556:
2553:
2548:
2544:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2521:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2506:
2502:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2475:
2472:
2468:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2452:
2446:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2431:
2425:
2421:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2358:
2355:
2349:
2345:
2342:
2338:
2335:
2329:
2325:
2322:
2316:
2312:
2309:
2303:
2299:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2249:
2246:
2232:
2229:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2154:
2151:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1837:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1797:dynastic list
1794:
1790:
1789:Peter Mathews
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1773:working group
1770:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1721:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1701:
1700:Dresden Codex
1696:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1610:Yuri Knorozov
1606:
1602:
1601:Maya calendar
1598:
1594:
1587:
1583:
1582:Yuri Knorozov
1578:
1569:
1567:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1551:Grolier Codex
1548:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1444:
1440:
1438:
1432:
1430:
1421:
1416:
1415:Maya numerals
1406:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1350:Marcus (1976)
1347:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1295:
1289:Emblem glyphs
1282:
1279:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1253:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1216:
1212:
1201:
1198:
1192:
1190:
1189:passive voice
1186:
1182:
1173:
1171:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1035:
1029:
1027:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
989:
988:
986:
981:
942:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
916:
912:
908:
904:
901:
897:
893:
892:
891:
889:
885:
883:
879:
875:
871:
868:
864:
861:
857:
853:
846:
842:
841:
840:Dresden Codex
836:
832:
823:
821:
817:
813:
808:
807:
803:
796:
792:
782:
774:
770:
769:
764:
763:
758:
754:
750:
745:
743:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
714:
712:
708:
704:
699:
697:
693:
684:
676:
668:
664:
652:
648:
638:
629:
620:
607:
603:
599:
591:
587:
583:
573:
564:
550:
548:
544:
541:, especially
540:
536:
532:
528:
527:
526:lingua franca
522:
518:
514:
510:
500:
498:
494:
490:
486:
483:
479:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
421:
416:
414:
409:
407:
402:
401:
399:
398:
393:
383:
382:
381:
380:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
355:
354:
353:
350:
347:
346:
341:
338:
336:
333:
332:
331:
330:
327:
324:
323:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
219:
218:
217:
213:
209:
208:
205:
200:
199:
195:
191:
190:
181:
169:
165:
163:
159:
152:
149:
144:
141:
140:Unicode range
136:
133:
129:
119:
117:
113:
108:
105:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
80:
76:
72:
68:
61:
56:
50:
41:
37:
33:
19:
11786:Vucub Caquix
11745:
11714:Ah-Muzen-Cab
11705:Post-Classic
11694:Moon goddess
11598:
11591:
11584:
11577:
11572:Rabinal Achí
11570:
11563:
11555:
11548:
11541:
11534:
11523:Chilam Balam
11521:
11514:
11310:
11225:Architecture
10602:Thai and Lao
10279:Scandinavian
9911:1829 braille
9903:Braille cell
9716:Sḵwx̱wú7mesh
9619:
9591:Logographies
9025:Thai and Lao
8702:Scandinavian
8334:1829 braille
8326:Braille cell
8126:Cypro-Minoan
7992:Pahawh Hmong
7905:Sitelen Pona
7869:Hindu-Arabic
7811:
7202:Mundari Bani
6776:Pahawh Hmong
6585:Tamil-Brahmi
6491:Eveyla Akuru
6486:Dhives Akuru
5953:Paleo-Hebrew
5820:
5756:undeciphered
5661:the original
5541:
5519:
5495:
5463:
5435:
5410:
5383:
5365:. Retrieved
5329:
5325:
5319:
5288:
5266:
5243:
5215:
5189:
5169:
5135:
5125:
5114:. Retrieved
5105:
5093:. Retrieved
5082:the original
5068:
5041:
5028:
5017:
4996:
4972:
4960:Bibliography
4947:the original
4930:
4923:
4912:. Retrieved
4908:
4898:
4887:. Retrieved
4883:
4874:
4863:. Retrieved
4859:
4850:
4837:
4826:
4812:
4793:
4789:
4779:
4761:
4749:. Retrieved
4736:
4724:
4712:
4700:. Retrieved
4696:
4684:
4672:
4660:
4648:
4637:. Retrieved
4634:h.120-bal.ru
4633:
4624:
4612:
4585:
4576:(in Russian)
4571:
4562:
4551:. Retrieved
4546:
4537:
4525:
4521:
4513:
4489:
4483:
4464:
4458:
4446:
4434:
4425:
4416:
4410:
4401:
4395:
4388:Houston 1993
4383:
4376:Houston 1986
4371:
4364:Mathews 1991
4359:
4318:
4314:
4308:
4299:
4295:
4289:
4277:
4265:
4253:
4241:
4185:
4179:
4166:
4136:. Retrieved
4134:. 2006-01-10
4131:
4122:
4108:cite journal
4067:
4063:
4050:
4031:
4006:
4000:
3996:
3994:
3982:
3949:
3940:Translation:
3939:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3921:
3905:
3900:
3894:ʔu KOʔHAW wa
3884:
3879:
3876:K’UH? ?
3863:
3858:
3842:
3837:
3821:
3816:
3800:
3795:
3739:
2253:Main Glyphs
2243:
1844:
1840:
1833:
1821:InterCultura
1816:Nick Hopkins
1809:
1804:
1777:Linda Schele
1758:
1742:David Kelley
1722:
1705:
1649:Cyrus Thomas
1646:
1628:was made of
1625:
1618:
1593:Maya numbers
1590:
1580:Monument to
1572:Decipherment
1563:
1547:Maya codices
1544:
1529:
1513:
1504:
1493:Maya codices
1477:
1454:
1433:
1426:
1396:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1366:
1354:
1343:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1318:
1316:
1310:
1280:
1262:
1244:
1225:
1196:
1184:
1183:in the root
1174:
1169:
1167:
1157:
1134:
1111:
1099:Mediopassive
1088:
1065:
1023:
1013:
1007:
1001:
996:
991:
984:
982:
946:
937:
933:
929:
925:
914:
910:
906:
899:
895:
886:
881:
877:
874:"echo" vowel
869:
862:
855:
852:phonotactics
849:
845:Chichen Itza
838:
819:
816:third person
809:
805:
801:
794:
790:
780:
772:
766:
760:
756:
753:glottal stop
748:
746:
741:
718:logosyllabic
715:
700:
689:
674:
666:
662:
650:
646:
605:
601:
597:
581:
524:
517:Classic Maya
506:
475:
434:
430:
429:
262:Architecture
236:
174:and ⟨
156:
75:Logosyllabic
11947:Maya script
11926:Yohl Ikʼnal
11761:Hun Hunahpu
11679:Kinich Ahau
11669:Jaguar gods
11101:RoboBraille
10925:Róża Czacka
10865:Perforation
10662:Independent
10560:(Bhutanese)
10295:Greenlandic
9966:Azerbaijani
9832:SignWriting
9755:Syllabaries
9654:Anishinaabe
9630:Pictography
9524:RoboBraille
9348:Róża Czacka
9288:Perforation
9085:Independent
8983:(Bhutanese)
8718:Greenlandic
8389:Azerbaijani
8191:Jindai moji
8080:Syllabaries
8051:SignWriting
7951:Celtiberian
7853:Hieroglyphs
7656:Seal script
7641:Traditional
7513:Blissymbols
7418:Warang Citi
7393:Tolong Siki
7346:Marcomannic
7326:Dalecarlian
7316:Anglo-Saxon
7296:Pau Cin Hau
7187:Medefaidrin
7140:Merovingian
7100:Blackletter
7008:Asomtavruli
6801:Warang Citi
6610:Ulu scripts
6555:New Tai Lue
6498:Mon–Burmese
6352:Bhattiprolu
6180:Nandinagari
6007:ʾEsṭrangēlā
5766:constructed
5388:Justin Kerr
4884:unicode.org
4860:unicode.org
4530:From p. 42:
3843:ʔusak hunal
3822:juʔn winaak
3813:1-WINAAK-ki
1829:Mary Miller
1754:Michael Coe
1532:orthography
1509:deciphering
1473:Mesoamerica
1379:Xunantunich
1345:kʼuhul ajaw
1162:"finished"
1145:Participial
1122:Antipassive
922:glottalized
913:'captive',
911:CiCa: ba-ki
493:hieroglyphs
455:San Bartolo
447:Mesoamerica
435:Maya glyphs
431:Maya script
83:Time period
70:Script type
52:Maya script
30:Since Maya
11941:Categories
11776:Qʼuqʼumatz
11649:Hero Twins
11634:Death gods
11508:Literature
11444:Households
11410:Priesthood
10653:(obsolete)
10634:(obsolete)
10426:(Pakistan)
10337:Belarusian
10219:Vietnamese
10162:Portuguese
10148:Philippine
10105:Lithuanian
9076:(obsolete)
9057:(obsolete)
8849:(Pakistan)
8760:Belarusian
8642:Vietnamese
8585:Portuguese
8571:Philippine
8528:Lithuanian
8181:Hentaigana
8176:Man'yōgana
7636:Simplified
7523:Ersu Shaba
7437:Non-linear
7242:Old Uyghur
7232:Old Permic
7227:Old Italic
7160:Visigothic
7095:Beneventan
7030:Glagolitic
6993:Gadabuursi
6657:Kolezhuthu
6652:Vatteluttu
6590:Tanchangya
6513:Saurashtra
6090:Devanagari
5948:Phoenician
5901:Manichaean
5367:2007-06-15
5178:B001B2U1BE
5116:2021-11-11
5095:2007-07-06
5078:B0006EOYNY
5044:. Austin:
4914:2022-04-13
4889:2023-02-12
4865:2023-02-12
4639:2023-02-12
4553:2023-02-12
4547:Britannica
4453:, preface.
4302:: 111–119.
4138:2010-05-12
4043:References
3963:placed at
3922:Sak Baluʔn
3915:SAK BALUʔN
1746:Ian Graham
1717:epigraphic
1674:G. Ershova
1651:, and the
1634:alphabetic
1538:using the
812:homophones
806:bʼa-la-ma.
44:small caps
11916:Sak Kʼukʼ
11746:Popol Vuh
11684:Maize god
11644:Goddess I
11565:Popol Vuh
11415:Sacrifice
11398:Midwifery
11388:Childhood
11338:Mythology
11301:Languages
11188:Guatemala
11069:Vibratese
11048:Moon type
11041:Decapoint
10722:Eight-dot
10675:Cantonese
10624:Reordered
10587:Inuktitut
10476:Malayalam
10386:Ukrainian
10365:Mongolian
10344:Bulgarian
10307:Norwegian
10272:Icelandic
10063:Hungarian
10021:Esperanto
9973:Cantonese
9785:Syllabics
9698:Alphabets
9492:Vibratese
9471:Moon type
9464:Decapoint
9145:Eight-dot
9098:Cantonese
9047:Reordered
9010:Inuktitut
8899:Malayalam
8809:Ukrainian
8788:Mongolian
8767:Bulgarian
8730:Norwegian
8695:Icelandic
8486:Hungarian
8444:Esperanto
8396:Cantonese
7980:Redundant
7792:Anatolian
7743:Cuneiform
7671:bird-worm
7607:Logograms
7578:Testerian
7492:Ideograms
7469:Moon type
7356:Staveless
7247:Mongolian
7192:Molodtsov
7150:Sütterlin
7018:Mkhedruli
6884:Bassa Vah
6834:Alphabets
6806:Mwangwego
6771:Mwangwego
6746:Kharosthi
6699:Blackfoot
6662:Malayanma
6533:Sundanese
6528:Sukhothai
6476:Malayalam
6427:Khom Thai
6387:Goykanadi
6311:Tocharian
6264:ʼPhags-pa
6135:Khudabadi
6080:Bhaiksuki
5975:Samaritan
5906:Nabataean
5761:inventors
5382:(1992) .
4202:0011-3204
4001:classical
3953:Popol Vuh
3789:ya k’a wa
2240:Syllables
1734:linguists
1670:Coe (1992
1661:Mayanists
1642:syllabary
1638:monograph
1597:astronomy
1555:monuments
1429:vigesimal
1375:Lubaantun
1313:, 784–810
1281:chum-waan
1263:chum-l-aj
936:'paper',
915:yi-tzi-na
870:(j, h, ʼ)
867:gutturals
863:(l, m, n)
860:sonorants
768:okurigana
553:Structure
503:Languages
478:logograms
459:Guatemala
368:Guatemala
267:Astronomy
252:Sacrifice
247:Mythology
232:Languages
116:ISO 15924
110:ISO 15924
100:Languages
92:Direction
36:syllables
11911:Lady Xoc
11771:Jacawitz
11756:Camazotz
11739:Yum Kaax
11734:Kukulkan
11494:Tzolkʼin
11455:Calendar
11405:Religion
11363:Textiles
11343:Numerals
11328:Medicine
11323:Mayanist
11264:Ceramics
11257:Graffiti
10705:Japanese
10566:Georgian
10558:Dzongkha
10544:Armenian
10462:Gujarati
10327:Cyrillic
10258:Estonian
10233:Yugoslav
10169:Romanian
10141:Nigerian
10056:Hawaiian
10042:Ghanaian
9959:Albanian
9842:ASLwrite
9806:Cherokee
9128:Japanese
8989:Georgian
8981:Dzongkha
8967:Armenian
8885:Gujarati
8750:Cyrillic
8681:Estonian
8656:Yugoslav
8592:Romanian
8564:Nigerian
8479:Hawaiian
8465:Ghanaian
8382:Albanian
8243:Sumerian
8208:Linear B
8171:Katakana
8166:Hiragana
8116:Cherokee
8046:ASLwrite
8007:Bopomofo
7862:Numerals
7848:Hieratic
7807:Isthmian
7776:Sumerian
7756:Assyrian
7751:Akkadian
7408:Vithkuqi
7383:Tifinagh
7351:Medieval
7306:Pisidian
7301:Phrygian
7272:Vagindra
7217:Ol Chiki
7125:Interlac
7080:Kayah Li
7070:Jenticha
7025:Veso Bey
7013:Nuskhuri
7003:Georgian
6973:Formosan
6968:Etruscan
6963:Enochian
6919:Cyrillic
6904:Coelbren
6862:Armenian
6761:Meroitic
6751:Mandombe
6741:Jenticha
6605:Tigalari
6570:Tai Viet
6565:Tai Tham
6545:Tagbanwa
6397:Javanese
6347:Baybayin
6337:Balinese
6325:Southern
6220:Pracalit
6215:Pachumol
6190:Bhujimol
6150:Mahajani
6110:Gurmukhi
6100:Gujarati
6068:Northern
6048:Abugidas
6029:Ugaritic
6017:Maḏnḥāyā
5891:Tifinagh
5884:Solitreo
5822:Numerals
5735:Grapheme
5723:Overview
5638:Archived
5606:Archived
5540:(2010).
5518:(1978).
5492:(2010).
5462:(1994).
5432:(1984).
5362:46351994
5354:16400112
5287:(2002).
5265:(2004).
5214:(1976).
5066:(1986).
5040:(1993).
4994:(1992).
4943:67865187
4751:24 April
4717:Coe 1992
4677:Coe 1992
4665:Coe 1992
4653:Coe 1992
4617:Coe 1992
4605:Coe 1992
4590:Coe 1992
4451:Coe 1992
4351:37509459
4343:17735911
4210:10768879
4100:46351994
4092:16400112
3901:ʔukoʔhaw
3873:ʔu tu pa
3831:pi xo ma
3801:ʔuk’uhul
3767:Reading
3751:maya exx
3740:Tomb of
1823:and the
1801:Palenque
1769:Palenque
1630:syllabic
1599:and the
1387:villages
1371:Altun Ha
1363:Calakmul
1187:for the
1085:-tza-ja
1066:utzutzuw
1014:ba-ke-le
976:= and V
968:= and V
960:= and V
952:= and V
818:pronoun
762:furigana
749:y, w, h,
734:all caps
730:syllable
726:morpheme
590:logogram
482:syllabic
307:Medicine
287:Textiles
272:Calendar
242:Religion
194:a series
172:/ /
168:Help:IPA
11801:Zipacna
11766:Huracan
11674:Kʼawiil
11659:Itzamna
11620:Classic
11612:Deities
11542:Grolier
11535:Dresden
11529:Codices
11379:Society
11368:Warfare
11306:Classic
11284:Economy
11274:Cuisine
11245:Revival
11230:E-Group
11198:Yucatán
11183:Chiapas
11159:History
10610:Tibetan
10551:Burmese
10537:Amharic
10520:(India)
10497:Sinhala
10490:Punjabi
10469:Kannada
10417:Persian
10372:Russian
10312:Swedish
10290:Finnish
10265:Faroese
10240:Zambian
10212:Turkish
10197:Spanish
10120:Maltese
10098:Latvian
10091:Italian
10070:Iñupiaq
10049:Guarani
10009:English
9980:Catalan
9897:⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑
9892:Braille
9676:Zapotec
9647:Unknown
9599:Miꞌkmaq
9033:Tibetan
8974:Burmese
8960:Amharic
8943:(India)
8920:Sinhala
8913:Punjabi
8892:Kannada
8840:Persian
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8713:Finnish
8688:Faroese
8663:Zambian
8635:Turkish
8620:Spanish
8543:Maltese
8521:Latvian
8514:Italian
8493:Iñupiaq
8472:Guarani
8432:English
8403:Catalan
8320:⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑
8315:Braille
8198:Kikakui
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8121:Cypriot
7971:Dunging
7843:Demotic
7822:Tenevil
7766:Hittite
7761:Elamite
7714:Jurchen
7693:Sawndip
7688:Chữ Nôm
7588:Zapotec
7583:Yerkish
7558:Nsibidi
7543:Miꞌkmaw
7533:Isotype
7503:Adinkra
7444:Braille
7428:Zaghawa
7398:Vellara
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7368:Sidetic
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7291:Osmanya
7281:Ol Onal
7135:Kurrent
7120:Insular
7110:Fraktur
7085:Klingon
7075:Kaddare
7049:Archaic
6958:Elbasan
6946:Chinook
6936:Deseret
6924:Bosnian
6879:Avoiuli
6867:Avestan
6857:Ariyaka
6786:Tengwar
6684:Bharati
6645:Serawai
6635:Pasemah
6620:Lampung
6575:Lai Tay
6560:Tai Noi
6523:Sinhala
6503:Pallava
6471:Makasar
6459:Lontara
6434:Kulitan
6407:Kannada
6402:Kadamba
6392:Hanunoo
6382:Grantha
6377:Fakkham
6294:Tibetan
6279:Soyombo
6274:Siddhaṃ
6269:Sharada
6245:Litumol
6235:Tirhuta
6225:Ranjana
6210:Kvemmol
6170:Multani
6155:Marchen
6120:Kalinga
6060:Brahmic
5997:Sogdian
5936:Psalter
5916:Pahlavi
5896:Mandaic
5874:Cursive
5859:Elymaic
5830:Aramaic
5334:Bibcode
5326:Science
5320:Science
4323:Bibcode
4315:Science
4072:Bibcode
4064:Science
3986:Unicode
3973:Tzeltal
3965:Iximche
3957:Kʼicheʼ
3946:Revival
3764:Glyphs
3736:Example
3485:/t͡sʼ/
3465:/t͡sʼ/
2604:/t͡ʃʼ/
2579:/t͡ʃʼ/
1805:Kʼinich
1678:Marxism
1485:Yucatán
1481:Spanish
1451:History
1391:hamlets
1307:Naranjo
1245:chum-aj
1203:Period
1158:tzutzul
1135:tzutzuw
1112:tzutzuy
1089:tzutzaj
1076:Passive
938:ba-tzʼu
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543:Yucatec
539:Yucatán
533:of the
509:scribes
441:of the
363:Chiapas
358:Yucatán
326:History
317:Warfare
312:Cuisine
237:Writing
227:Society
160:in the
132:Unicode
11887:Queens
11751:Awilix
11699:Yopaat
11664:Ixchel
11549:Madrid
11479:Kʼatun
11469:Baktun
11358:Stelae
11348:People
11311:Script
11269:Cities
11218:Topics
11030:Other
10903:People
10893:Braigo
10712:Korean
10580:Hebrew
10511:Telugu
10410:Arabic
10400:Arabic
10358:Kyrgyz
10351:Kazakh
10285:Danish
10183:Slovak
10176:Samoan
10155:Polish
10134:Navajo
10035:German
10028:French
9895:
9816:Yugtun
9604:Mixtec
9453:Other
9326:People
9316:Braigo
9135:Korean
9003:Hebrew
8934:Telugu
8833:Arabic
8823:Arabic
8781:Kyrgyz
8774:Kazakh
8708:Danish
8606:Slovak
8599:Samoan
8578:Polish
8557:Navajo
8458:German
8451:French
8318:
8263:Yugtun
8253:Woleai
8203:Kpelle
8186:Sōgana
8106:Byblos
7884:Muisca
7802:Cretan
7771:Luwian
7729:Tangut
7548:Mixtec
7518:Dongba
7423:Yezidi
7413:Wancho
7388:Todhri
7341:Gothic
7321:Cipher
7262:Manchu
7252:Evenki
7237:Orkhon
7182:Manchu
7177:Lydian
7172:Lycian
7115:Gaelic
7065:Hanifi
7060:Hangul
7035:Gothic
6983:Fraser
6978:Fox II
6914:Coptic
6889:Carian
6872:Pazend
6845:Linear
6791:Thaana
6736:Sarati
6677:Others
6640:Rejang
6625:Lembak
6615:Incung
6595:Telugu
6550:Tai Le
6444:Langdi
6367:Chakma
6257:Karani
6230:Tamyig
6205:Kummol
6200:Himmol
6195:Golmol
6175:Nagari
6160:Meitei
6145:Lepcha
6130:Khojki
6115:Kaithi
6002:Syriac
5990:Musnad
5869:Ashuri
5864:Hebrew
5847:Elifba
5842:Arabic
5835:Hatran
5810:Abjads
5548:
5526:
5504:
5478:
5444:
5418:
5394:
5360:
5352:
5295:
5273:
5251:
5230:
5200:
5176:
5142:
5076:
5052:
5004:
4980:
4941:
4702:5 June
4549:. 2004
4471:
4349:
4341:
4218:741601
4216:
4208:
4200:
4098:
4090:
3997:modern
3897:? ...m
3880:ʔutuʔp
3838:pixoʔm
3796:yak’aw
3443:/t͡s/
3408:/t͡s/
2542:/t͡ʃ/
2500:/t͡ʃ/
1787:, and
1752:, and
1736:, and
1653:Soviet
1559:stelae
1329:kʼuhul
1325:kʼuhul
1277:wa-ni
1259:la-ja
1179:is an
1052:Active
1046:Gloss
1037:Voice
907:CV-Ci,
902:'leaf'
896:CV-CV,
856:xolteʼ
798:bʼalam
788:bʼalam
784:bʼalam
777:bʼalam
773:bʼalam
738:manikʼ
707:Hangul
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696:stucco
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647:bʼalam
604:, and
594:bʼalam
586:jaguar
582:bʼalam
485:glyphs
277:Stelae
257:Cities
222:People
196:on the
176:
38:or as
32:glyphs
11812:Kings
11796:Xquic
11781:Tohil
11729:Ixtab
11639:God L
11629:Chaac
11624:Bacab
11556:Paris
11499:Winal
11474:Haabʼ
11393:Women
11353:Sites
11333:Music
11289:Trade
11279:Dance
11193:Petén
10746:(GS8)
10737:Kanji
10595:Khmer
10573:Greek
10504:Tamil
10437:i.e.
10398:i.e.
10379:Tatar
10325:i.e.
10226:Welsh
10127:Māori
10084:Irish
10002:Dutch
9995:Czech
9763:Afaka
9728:Osage
9706:Latin
9672:Olmec
9638:Aztec
9169:(GS8)
9160:Kanji
9018:Khmer
8996:Greek
8927:Tamil
8860:i.e.
8821:i.e.
8802:Tatar
8748:i.e.
8649:Welsh
8550:Māori
8507:Irish
8425:Dutch
8418:Czech
8228:Nüshu
8096:Bamum
8091:Afaka
7898:Other
7889:Roman
7874:Abjad
7797:Bagam
7698:Bowen
7683:Kanji
7678:Hanja
7666:small
7661:large
7568:Olmec
7538:Kaidā
7528:Emoji
7508:Aztec
7311:Runic
7286:Osage
7267:Oirat
7212:Ogham
7145:Sigla
7090:Latin
7045:Greek
6929:Early
6899:Cirth
6852:Adlam
6721:Geʽez
6716:Fox I
6580:Tamil
6439:Lanna
6422:Khmer
6412:Karen
6362:Buhid
6342:Batak
6299:Uchen
6289:Takri
6240:Limbu
6140:Laṇḍā
6125:Khema
6105:Gupta
6095:Dogri
6012:Serṭā
5985:Zabur
5970:Punic
5943:Pegon
5879:Rashi
5793:Types
5744:Lists
5708:Types
5664:(PDF)
5657:(PDF)
5358:S2CID
5161:(PDF)
5110:(PDF)
4950:(PDF)
4939:S2CID
4935:(PDF)
4771:(PDF)
4745:(PDF)
4693:(PDF)
4347:S2CID
4214:S2CID
4096:S2CID
4060:(PDF)
4023:Notes
3961:stele
3933:Text:
3852:ʔu-ha
3391:/t’/
3371:/t’/
2897:/k’/
2857:/k’/
1457:Olmec
1359:Tikal
1181:infix
1151:TZUTZ
1128:TZUTZ
1105:TZUTZ
1082:TZUTZ
1059:TZUTZ
1026:voice
1008:ba-ke
1002:ba-ku
997:ba-ki
992:ba-ka
934:hu-na
900:yo-po
882:ka-ha
786:, or
728:or a
535:Petén
373:Petén
302:Dance
297:Music
292:Trade
164:(IPA)
124:(090)
95:Mixed
11724:Chin
11719:Akna
11709:Acat
11484:Kʼin
11464:Ajaw
11437:Ajaw
11316:List
10518:Urdu
10483:Odia
10424:Urdu
9837:si5s
9783:Dene
9711:NAPA
9620:Maya
8941:Urdu
8906:Odia
8847:Urdu
8223:Loma
8218:Lisu
8161:Kana
8151:Iban
8141:Geba
8101:Bété
8056:si5s
7966:Khom
7939:Full
7812:Maya
7207:N'Ko
6766:Miao
6711:Dham
6630:Ogan
6600:Thai
6518:Shan
6454:Leke
6417:Kawi
6372:Cham
6357:Buda
6332:Ahom
6252:Odia
6165:Modi
5921:Book
5546:ISBN
5524:ISBN
5502:ISBN
5476:ISBN
5442:ISBN
5416:ISBN
5392:ISBN
5350:PMID
5293:ISBN
5271:ISBN
5249:ISBN
5228:ISBN
5198:ISBN
5174:ASIN
5140:ISBN
5074:ASIN
5050:ISBN
5002:ISBN
4978:ISBN
4753:2021
4704:2015
4469:ISBN
4339:PMID
4206:PMID
4198:ISSN
4114:link
4088:PMID
4007:The
3859:ʔuʔh
3761:Row
3657:/j/
3626:/j/
3604:/ʃ/
3574:/ʃ/
3542:/w/
3517:/w/
3483:tz’-
3463:tz’-
3317:/t/
3276:/t/
3238:/s/
3207:/s/
3190:/p/
3154:/p/
3106:/n/
3060:/n/
3033:/m/
2987:/m/
2954:/l/
2919:/l/
2819:/k/
2772:/k/
2729:/x/
2688:/x/
2666:/h/
2626:/h/
2602:ch’-
2577:ch’-
2478:/ɓ/
2419:/ɓ/
2361:/ʔ/
2297:/ʔ/
2233:Yes
2169:Yes
2105:Yes
2042:Yes
1978:Yes
1785:Yale
1557:and
1403:emic
1333:ajaw
1331:and
1320:ajaw
1274:CHUM
1256:CHUM
1241:-ja
1238:CHUM
1226:chum
1219:CHUM
1197:chum
1185:chum
1154:-li
1131:-wi
1108:-yi
1062:-wa
795:bʼa-
791:-ma,
537:and
515:—in
146:None
121:Maya
11689:Mam
11489:Tun
11252:Art
10077:IPA
8500:IPA
8248:Vai
8156:Idu
7724:Sui
7197:Mru
7167:Luo
7130:IPA
6811:Rma
6508:Pyu
6449:Lao
6304:Umê
5710:of
5342:doi
5330:311
5317:PDF
5087:PDF
4798:doi
4331:doi
4319:180
4190:doi
4080:doi
4068:311
3912:10
3817:pik
3810:PIK
3729:-u
3441:tz-
3406:tz-
3389:t’-
3369:t’-
2895:k’-
2855:k’-
2540:ch-
2498:ch-
2290:-u
2230:Yes
2224:Yes
2221:Yes
2218:Yes
2215:Yes
2212:Yes
2209:Yes
2206:Yes
2203:Yes
2200:Yes
2197:Yes
2194:Yes
2191:Yes
2188:Yes
2183:Yes
2180:Yes
2177:Yes
2166:Yes
2163:Yes
2160:Yes
2155:Yes
2152:Yes
2146:Yes
2143:Yes
2140:Yes
2137:Yes
2134:Yes
2131:Yes
2128:Yes
2125:Yes
2122:Yes
2119:Yes
2116:Yes
2113:Yes
2102:Yes
2099:Yes
2096:Yes
2093:Yes
2088:Yes
2085:Yes
2082:Yes
2079:Yes
2076:Yes
2073:Yes
2070:Yes
2067:Yes
2064:Yes
2061:Yes
2056:Yes
2053:Yes
2050:Yes
2036:Yes
2030:Yes
2025:Yes
2022:Yes
2019:Yes
2016:Yes
2013:Yes
2010:Yes
2007:Yes
2004:Yes
2001:Yes
1998:Yes
1992:Yes
1989:Yes
1986:Yes
1975:Yes
1972:Yes
1969:Yes
1966:Yes
1961:Yes
1958:Yes
1955:Yes
1952:Yes
1949:Yes
1946:Yes
1943:Yes
1940:Yes
1937:Yes
1934:Yes
1931:Yes
1928:Yes
1925:Yes
1922:Yes
1905:tzʼ
1866:chʼ
1857:(ʼ)
1799:of
1471:in
1459:or
1191:):
1170:-wa
865:or
793:or
781:ba-
751:or
742:chi
667:bʼa
651:bʼa
598:bʼa
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282:Art
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