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The name of the tavern caused confusion for visiting parents who told their cab driver to take them to Mount St. Vincent's and found themselves at a large, convivial saloon in
Central Park, instead of a sedate convent school. Accordingly the Park Commission officially designated the region "McGown's
337:
in 1890, McCann testified that he lost his lease to the tavern because he refused to provide Croker, Grant and their political associates with free entertainment; in retaliation for which Croker and Grant began to bad-mouth the restaurant as a disreputable house patronized by lowlifes. After McCann
167:
was part of the "commons," land administered by the community of Nieuw
Haarlem as a whole. During the late 17th century, as Manhattan passed back and forth between the Dutch and English, the colony of New Harlem lost its autonomy. Common Lands were sold off in 1712. Much of this property in upper
199:) to the north. For most of this period, the area around the Pass was the site of a Hessian encampment. After the Treaty of Paris, British and Hessians marched through the Pass when evacuating north Manhattan; and George Washington likewise came through the Pass when he reentered New York on
125:
and north of 102nd Street. It pre-dates the park, and was incorporated into the park's East Drive in the early 1860s, during the park's creation. A steep hill descending into a switchback road, it is a popular training route for competitive bicyclists and runners.
187:. He advertised his Harlem property for sale and sold it a few days later to his in-laws, Daniel McGown (as he spelled himself) and Catherine Benson McGown. With their son Andrew, the McGowns ran the Black Horse tavern until after the Revolutionary War.
348:] on maps and signage, and renamed the "Mount St. Vincent's Hotel" roadhouse as "McGown's Pass Tavern." The tavern's new name hearkened back to a local watering-hole of a century before, the Black Horse Tavern, popularly known as McGowan's.
158:
map for the Earl of Percy, November 1776. The McGowans' Black Horse Tavern is at the very bottom, on the west side of the highway, across and slightly south of their house. A 1789 road map by
Christopher Colles identifies the tavern house as
308:
From the 1860s to the 1880s, the Park
Commission leased out the old school grounds as a sculpture museum and tavern, while the hill continued to be known as Mount St. Vincent's. When Central Park was being built, a lake called
137:
period, and owned the surrounding property until the 1840s. The area was incorporated into
Central Park after 1860, when the park's boundaries were extended north from the line of 106th Street to 110th Street, and the
171:
In the 1740s, Jacob
Dyckman, Jr. purchased the lands along the Pass from his Uncle George. He planted orchards and built a house and outbuildings, including a public house, "At the Sign of the Black Horse." During a
644:"Tablet is Unveiled at Old Fort Clinton; Children Whose Pennies Bought It Attend the Exercises; McGown's Pass in History; Speakers Tell of the Strategic Value of the Central Park Eminence in Two Wars"
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reported that its equipment, furniture, sporting prints, and "Old Gabe," the tavern's yellow parrot, brought in barely $ 1,500. The old tavern's driveways and foundations remain in use by the
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epidemic in 1752, the
Colonial Assembly decamped from downtown New York and met in the Black Horse tavern, while boarding a half-mile east at the farm of Dyckman's cousin, Benjamin Benson.
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351:
In 1906 a plaque commemorating the "McGown" family and the Pass was installed nearby at the Fort
Clinton memorial. In 1915 the tavern was closed down and its furnishings auctioned off.
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was constructed from a natural waterway north of McGowan's Pass. A new section of East Drive was made to veer sharply to the west and south and again to the north, bypassing the Meer.
195:
From 1776 until 1783, during the
British occupation of New York, McGowan's Pass was a key high-ground position on the route between New York City to the south and Fort Knyphausen (
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321:
A refreshment house, known as Mount St. Vincent's Hotel, opened at McGowan's Pass in 1883–1884. Its proprietor until 1890 was
Patrick H. McCann, brother-in-law to local
265:), where present-day East Drive makes its first downhill switchback. This 1860s route of East Drive was partially constructed over the old earthwork fortifications.
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Manhattan passed to members of the extensive Benson and Dyckman families, who would continue to own much of northern Manhattan well into the 19th century.
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and his family lived in the Mount St. Vincent's buildings, while Olmsted directed the landscaping of Central Park. The campus existed until 1881.
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along the north side of the Pass, remnants of which can still be seen. There was also a gatehouse straddling the road just east of present-day
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until the early 20th century. It acquired its name from the McGowan or McGown family who kept a tavern near there from 1756 through the
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McGown's Pass Tavern, formerly Mount St. Vincent's Hotel, on East Drive near 104th Street in Central Park. Photo circa 1915.
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503:
Hidden Waters of New York City: A History and Guide to 101 Forgotten Lakes, Ponds, Creeks, and Streams in the Five Boroughs
280:
from 1862 to 1865, after the Mount St. Vincent Academy moved north to its present campus in Riverdale. From 1859 to 1863,
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Although the name is usually omitted from maps today, McGowan's Pass was clearly marked on charts of the region from the
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After the war, John Leggett and his family moved into the Black Horse and managed it as "Leggett's Halfway Tavern."
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Notable buildings and structures of Central Park. Click on the map and then on the points for details.
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Christopher Colles, "From New York (1) to Stratford." Published 1792. Reproduced in Phelps Stokes,
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McGowan's Pass and Kingsbridge Road at the start of the British Occupation. Detail of
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New York Mercury, March 8, 1756. The advertisement is quoted in I. N. Phelps Stokes
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Looking southwest in 1816. Pass gatehouse with fortifications on either side.
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New York Times, March 10, 1915. "McGown's Pass Has Its Tavern No More."
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Public Papers of George Clinton, quoted in Edward Hagaman Hall, p. 40.
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Map of Upper Manhattan, Valentine's Manual, dated 1860, viewable here
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Niagara County, New York: A Concise Record of Her Progress and People
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gives detailed descriptions of deployment and logistics of the time.
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Clarence Cook, A Description of the Central Park in New York. 1869.
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the tavern was leased by Gabriel Case, and finally by John Scherz.
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In 1756, Dyckman decided to move back north near his family in
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New York Times, April 26, 1890. "Result of a Family Row."
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Frederick Law Olmsted: The Passion of a Public Artist.
27:
Topographical feature in New York City's Central Park
506:. New York, NY: Countryman Press. pp. 46–47.
590:"McGown's Pass: the original tavern on the green"
446:, Michael O'Brien," Historical Note, pp. 284-286.
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1727:New York City Department of Parks and Recreation
444:Journal of the American-Irish Historical Society
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257:, near the grid coordinates of 107th Street and
457:The Journal of Lieutenant von Krafft, 1776-1784
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276:or St. Joseph's Military Hospital, during the
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421:James Riker, Revised History of Harlem, 1906.
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378:"Map of Upper Manhattan and the Bronx, 1860"
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163:In Dutch Colonial days, this area of north
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142:was built in the park's northeast corner.
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810:The Pond and Hallett Nature Sanctuary
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570:(NY: 1905), 26, accessed May 8, 2011
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795:Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Reservoir
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1327:Concerto: One Night in Central Park
432:The Iconography of Manhattan Island
404:The Iconography of Manhattan Island
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474:, 1921. Leggett genealogy quoted
296:Retaining walls for Mt St Vincent
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113:") is a topographical feature of
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1109:Women's Rights Pioneers Monument
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652:. November 25, 1906. p. 9 col. 3
333:, Mayor of New York. During the
183:, and build a new tavern by the
66:1868 map of Central Park, detail
1538:Central Park North–110th Street
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191:Revolutionary War to Civil War
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1153:Bethesda Terrace and Fountain
880:Alice in Wonderland sculpture
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1237:Richard Morris Hunt Memorial
805:North Woods and North Meadow
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1503:59th Street–Columbus Circle
944:Frederick Douglass Memorial
406:, map viewable online here
270:Mount St. Vincent's Academy
10:
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1012:Samuel Finley Breese Morse
785:Great Lawn and Turtle Pond
621:Historical Marker Database
567:McGown's Pass and Vicinity
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1374:Frederick Douglass Circle
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1040:Seventh Regiment Memorial
908:Burnett Memorial Fountain
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861:Sculptures and public art
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500:Kadinsky, Sergey (2016).
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241:. Also built nearby were
18:McGown's Pass Tavern
1498:Fifth Avenue–59th Street
686:Central Park Conservancy
434:, Volumes 3 and 6, 1928.
357:Central Park Conservancy
1570:Elizabeth Barlow Rogers
1332:Shakespeare in the Park
938:Duke Ellington Memorial
873:107th Infantry Memorial
329:and sometime friend of
1605:Egbert Ludovicus Viele
1317:UAE Healthy Kidney 10K
1247:Tarr Family Playground
992:King Jagiello Monument
478:, accessed May 8, 2011
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203:, November 25, 1783.
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1691:Birdwatching incident
1585:Frederick Law Olmsted
1384:Duke Ellington Circle
1201:Diana Ross Playground
1084:Three Dancing Maidens
760:Geographical features
564:Edward Hagaman Hall,
527:Central Park website.
335:Fassett Investigation
303:
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282:Frederick Law Olmsted
274:U.S. General Hospital
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48:40.79333°N 73.95500°W
1610:George E. Waring Jr.
1575:Andrew Haswell Green
1231:McGown's Pass Tavern
1211:Heckscher Playground
1186:Cherry Hill Fountain
922:Christopher Columbus
470:Edward T. Williams,
109:(sometimes spelled "
1252:Tavern on the Green
1180:Central Park Casino
1047:William Shakespeare
965:Fitz-Greene Halleck
887:Angel of the Waters
815:The Ramble and Lake
775:Conservatory Garden
624:. November 20, 2021
221:Temporary dump for
53:40.79333; -73.95500
44: /
1226:Marionette Theatre
1077:Untermyer Fountain
1026:JosĂ© de San MartĂn
972:Alexander Hamilton
928:Cleopatra's Needle
780:Conservatory Water
649:The New York Times
353:The New York Times
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1196:Delacorte Theater
1143:Ballplayers House
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1096:National Monument
1065:(temporary, 2005)
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842:Strawberry Fields
513:978-1-58157-566-8
131:Revolutionary War
16:(Redirected from
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235:Blockhouse No. 1
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596:. July 28, 2008
594:The Bowery Boys
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1746:Central Park
1706:Medical Unit
1600:Calvert Vaux
1595:Starr Saphir
1528:103rd Street
1429:Fifth Avenue
1410:Central Park
1379:110th Street
1365:Border roads
1262:Wollman Rink
1233:(demolished)
1206:Fort Clinton
1182:(demolished)
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837:Sheep Meadow
833:(historical)
827:(historical)
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735:Central Park
690:. Retrieved
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386:. Retrieved
382:the original
371:
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323:Tammany Hall
320:
307:
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263:Sixth Avenue
259:Lenox Avenue
243:Fort Clinton
228:
225:debris, 2012
205:
194:
185:Harlem River
178:
174:yellow fever
170:
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146:Colonial era
128:
123:Fifth Avenue
115:Central Park
110:
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29:
1701:Jogger case
1696:Conservancy
1523:96th Street
1518:86th Street
1513:81st Street
1508:72nd Street
1457:Transverses
1441:59th Street
1337:SummerStage
1312:The Concert
1216:Lasker Rink
1070:The Tempest
790:Harlem Meer
681:"The Mount"
311:Harlem Meer
255:Lasker Rink
239:North Woods
231:War of 1812
229:During the
140:Harlem Meer
51: /
1725:See also:
1158:Blockhouse
998:JosĂ© MartĂ
770:Cedar Hill
388:2011-05-30
363:References
331:Hugh Grant
261:(formerly
159:"Leggets".
76:This map:
39:73°57′18″W
36:40°47′36″N
1663:Pattycake
1658:Pale Male
1355:Transport
1191:The Dairy
1062:The Gates
744:Manhattan
247:Fort Fish
165:Manhattan
1740:Category
1491:stations
1277:Zoo York
1175:Carousel
820:Rat Rock
692:July 19,
656:July 19,
628:July 19,
600:July 19,
111:McGown's
1163:Bridges
1138:Arsenal
825:Sawkill
459:, p. 15
325:leader
1489:Subway
1307:Be-Ins
1297:Events
510:
476:online
317:Tavern
249:, and
1643:Flaco
1638:Barry
1094:Maine
894:Balto
541:1991.
1479:97th
1474:85th
1469:79th
1464:66th
1221:Mall
1092:USS
694:2022
658:2022
630:2022
602:2022
508:ISBN
96:edit
89:talk
82:view
1648:Gus
1267:Zoo
1168:Bow
345:sic
117:in
1742::
746:,
683:.
646:.
618:.
592:.
555:^
492:^
414:^
245:,
727:e
720:t
713:v
696:.
660:.
632:.
604:.
516:.
409:.
393:.
391:.
20:)
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