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McLibel case

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powerful organisations whose practices have a detrimental effect on society and the environment. The McLibel campaign has already proved that determined and widespread grass roots protests and defiance can undermine those who try to silence their critics, and also render oppressive laws unworkable. The continually growing opposition to McDonald's and all it stands for is a vindication of all the efforts of those around the world who have been exposing and challenging the corporation's business practices.
1172:"On 19 June 1997, the judge finally handed down the verdict....It felt like an eternity to most of us sitting there, as Mr Justice Rodger Bell read out his forty-five-page ruling – a summary of the actual verdict, which was over a thousand pages long. Although the judge deemed most of the factsheet's claims too hyperbolic to be acceptable (he was particularly unconvinced by its direct linking of McDonald's to "hunger in the 'Third World'"), he deemed others to be based on pure fact." pp. 389–390 of 5725: 512:(ECHR), contesting the UK government's policy that legal aid was not available in libel cases, and setting out a highly detailed case for what they believed to be the oppressive and unfair nature of UK libel laws in general, and in their case in particular. In September 2004, this action was heard by the ECHR. Lawyers for Steel and Morris argued that the lack of legal aid had breached the pair's right to freedom of expression and to a fair trial. 363:, and "corporate spies sent to infiltrate the ranks of London Greenpeace". McDonald's spent several million pounds, while Steel and Morris spent £30,000; this disparity in funds meant Steel and Morris were not able to call all the witnesses they wanted, especially witnesses from South America who were intended to support their claims about McDonald's activities in that continent's rainforests. 375:
secretly recorded the meeting, in which McDonald's said the pair could criticise McDonald's privately to friends but must cease talking to the media or distributing leaflets. Steel and Morris wrote a letter in response saying they would agree to the terms if McDonald's ceased advertising its products and instead only recommended the restaurant privately to friends.
237:(right to a fair trial), and their conduct should have been protected by Article 10 of the Convention, which protects the right to freedom of expression. The court awarded a judgment of ÂŁ57,000 against the UK government. McDonald's itself was not involved in, or a party to, this action, as applications to the ECHR are independent cases filed against the relevant 389:
paper read in court. Steel and Morris were found liable on several points, but the judge also found some of the points in the factsheet were true. McDonald's considered this a legal victory, though it was tempered by the judge's endorsement of some of the allegations in the sheet. Specifically, Bell ruled that McDonald's endangered the
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Having largely beaten McDonald's ... we have now exposed the notoriously oppressive and unfair UK laws. As a result of the ... ruling today, the government may be forced to amend or scrap some of the existing UK laws. We hope that this will result in greater public scrutiny and criticism of
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proceedings against five London Greenpeace supporters, Paul Gravett, Andrew Clarke and Jonathan O'Farrell, as well as Steel and Morris, for distributing the sheet on the streets of London. This case followed past instances in which McDonald's threatened to sue more than fifty organisations for libel,
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As a result of their further findings against the corporation, the three Lord Justices reduced Mr Justice Bell's award of ÂŁ60,000 damages to McDonald's by ÂŁ20,000. The court ruled against the argument by Steel and Morris that multinational corporations should no longer be able to sue for libel over
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The case was adjudicated by Mr Justice Rodger Bell. On 19 June 1997, Bell delivered his more than 1,000-page judgment largely in favour of McDonald's, finding the claims that McDonald's was responsible for starvation and deforestation were false and libellous. The ruling was summarized by a 45-page
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and ordered that the UK government pay Steel and Morris ÂŁ57,000 in compensation. In their ruling, the ECHR criticised the way in which UK laws had failed to protect the public right to criticise corporations whose business practices affect people's lives and the environment (which violates Article
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The safeguard afforded by Article 10 to journalists in relation to reporting on issues of general interest is subject to the proviso that they act in good faith in order to provide accurate and reliable information in accordance with the ethics of journalism ..., and the same principle must
450:, and a junior barrister, Timothy Atkinson, and Ms Pattie Brinley-Codd of Barlow, Lyde & Gilbert. Steel and Morris filed a 63-point appeal. They had requested a time extension, but were denied. The verdict for the appeal was handed down on 31 March, in Court 1 at the Royal Courts of Justice. 1617:
Through the McLibel case documents showed that McDonald's private investigators had been meeting with the Metropolitan Police and getting information from them and we, after McLibel was over, we sued the Metropolitan Police for giving that information to McDonald's and they made an out of court
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Documents from the case showed that McDonald's private investigators had been receiving information from the Metropolitan Police. The Metropolitan Police were sued over this, which was settled out of court and with an apology and the Metropolitan Police undertaking not to share information from
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In June 1995 McDonald's offered to settle the case (which "was coming up to its anniversary in court") by donating a large sum of money to a charity chosen by the two. They further specified they would drop the case if Steel and Morris agreed to "stop criticising McDonald's". Steel and Morris
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in a democratic society even small and informal campaign groups, such as London Greenpeace, must be able to carry on their activities effectively and that there exists a strong public interest in enabling such groups and individuals outside the mainstream to contribute to the public debate by
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at the time, the defendant had to show that each disparaging statement made was substantively true. This could be an expensive and time-consuming process. Gravett, Clarke and O'Farrell apologised as requested by McDonald's, but Steel and Morris chose to defend the case.
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My former partner at the time I got the writ was an undercover policemen, obviously I did not know that until many years later, He was infiltrating London Greenpeace, he became the treasurer of London Greenpeace, he was actively involved in the McLibel support
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The judges ruled it was fair comment to say that McDonald's employees worldwide "do badly in terms of pay and conditions" and true "if one eats enough McDonald's food, one's diet may well become high in fat, etc., with the very real risk of heart disease".
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and paid their workers low wages. Furthermore, although the decision awarded ÂŁ60,000 to the company, McDonald's legal costs were much greater, and the defendants lacked the funds to pay it. Steel and Morris immediately appealed against the decision.
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It is true that large public companies inevitably and knowingly lay themselves open to close scrutiny of their acts and, as in the case of the businessmen and women who manage them, the limits of acceptable criticism are wider in the case of such
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On a website aiming to state its view on issues raised about it, McDonald's stated that the case is in the past and the issues more so, and that both sides in it have moved on (although Morris and Steel did continue related litigation).
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film quoted McDonald's as offering little comment on the European Court decision, other than to point out that it was the Government and not McDonald's who was the losing party and that "times have changed and so has McDonald's".
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In its libel allegation, McDonald's asserted all claims in the pamphlet to be false. They found it difficult to support this position despite the indirectness of some of the claims. The case eventually became a
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On 15 February 2005, the European Court of Human Rights ruled that the original case had breached Article 6 (right to a fair trial) and Article 10 (right to freedom of expression) of the
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received a stiff letter. All of them backed down and many formally apologised in court." from Franny Armstrong, "Why Won't British TV Show a Film about McLibel?", 19 June 1998,
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10); they also ruled that the trial was biased because of the defendants' comparative lack of resources and what they believed were complex and oppressive UK libel laws.
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of their workers and customers by "misleading advertising", that they "exploit children", that they were "culpably responsible" in the infliction of unnecessary
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later reported that Lambert had co-written the leaflet that was central to the libel trial. Steel has stated that Dines became treasurer of London Greenpeace.
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An appeal began on 12 January 1999, and lasted 23 court days, ending on 26 February. The case was heard in Court 1 of the Court of Appeal in the
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The McLibel case also raised awareness about how defamation proceedings can harm the reputation of companies that raise them, similarly to the
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for disclosing confidential information to investigators hired by McDonald's and received ÂŁ10,000 and an apology for the disclosure.
5753: 5391: 5156: 3408: 2959: 491: 666:(SDS) it recounts the involvement of undercover policemen Bob Lambert and John Dines in the activities which led up to the trial. 2999: 2901: 2432: 1849: 602: 284:"What's wrong with McDonald's: everything they don't want you to know", the cover of the leaflet at the centre of the libel case 3076: 1291: 975:"Over the past 15 years, McDonald's has threatened legal action against more than 90 organisations in the U.K., including the 5292: 4880: 4805: 3212: 2989: 2944: 2476: 2408: 5788: 5023: 4562: 3305: 2722: 2341: 798: 917: 5447: 3652: 2868: 537: 234: 5572: 4915: 4825: 2775: 5803: 5640: 5116: 5076: 4999: 4956: 4810: 4735: 4209: 2964: 2954: 2763: 2491: 1764: 1756: 1682: 1674: 1666: 1115: 371:. McDonald's executives, including Ray Cesca, entered the witness box, enabling cross-examination by the defendants. 5758: 5284: 4935: 4765: 4592: 3662: 3657: 3087: 2812: 2103: 583:
In response to the European Court of Human Rights' decision, Steel and Morris issued the following press release:
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brought some changes to libel cases, which were expected to make it harder for corporations to abuse libel law.
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and David Morris (often referred to as "The McLibel Two") over a factsheet critical of the company. Each of two
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disseminating information and ideas on matters of general public interest such as health and the environment.
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in 1997. An extended version was produced in 2005, with estimated viewing figures in excess of 25 million.
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settlement and an apology and undertook not to share information from police computers with corporations
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in English courts found some of the leaflet's contested claims to be libellous and others to be true.
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The documentary features courtroom reconstructions of the trial. It also features interviews with
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issues. Steel and Morris announced their intention to appeal over these and other points to the
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organisation, which they declined to join as they saw it as too "centralised and mainstream".
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In April 2022 the case was the subject for a programme in the BBC Radio 4 series
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An anti-McDonald's leafleting campaign in front of the McDonald's restaurant in
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television and several major publications. In all such cases, the media outlets
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that the pair had been denied a fair trial, in breach of Article 6 of the
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Sid & Marty Krofft Television Productions Inc. v. McDonald's Corp.
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it was revealed that one of the authors of the "McLibel leaflet" was
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The original case lasted nearly ten years which, according to the
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European Court of Human Rights cases involving the United Kingdom
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In 1998 a documentary film was made about the case, also titled
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University of California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid
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Chamber Judgment Steel and Morris v. The United Kingdom
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is titled "McSpies". In recounting the history of the
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Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights
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Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes
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Undercover: The True Story of Britain's Secret Police
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Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights
935: 1099: 1661:by John Vidal (Macmillan, 1997; New Press, 1998) 1561: 1559: 1187:"SUMMARY OF THE JUDGEMENT / Employment practices" 1059: 1057: 1055: 515: 5745: 2980:List of international animal welfare conventions 5809:Strategic lawsuits against public participation 5277:An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory 892:"20-year fight ends with libel law in the dock" 605:, an undercover police officer who infiltrated 446:). McDonald's were represented by libel lawyer 122:European Court of Human Rights (Fourth Section) 4708: 1591: 1556: 1052: 915: 880:, 15 February 2005. Received 1 September 2008. 810:Strategic lawsuit against public participation 359:, misleading claims about how much McDonald's 2895: 1843: 1457:"Victory for McLibel 2 against UK Government" 1236: 1234: 2985:Moral status of animals in the ancient world 2737:McDonald's Restaurants v. Morris & Steel 1024:. followthethings.com Accessed 16 June 2014. 599:UK undercover policing relationships scandal 561:apply to others who engage in public debate. 19:"McLibel" redirects here. For the film, see 4952:Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society 4896:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals 2923:Topics (overviews, concepts, issues, cases) 1739:, 490 pages, 1999. Published in the US by 1631:"29 Million Viewers for Banned McLibel Doc" 1478:Paul Farrell and Rob Evans (9 March 2016). 183:McDonald's Corporation v Steel & Morris 66:McDonald's Corporation v Steel & Morris 2902: 2888: 1850: 1836: 1420:European Court of Human Rights Application 1231: 842:"McLibel: Longest case in English history" 592: 5099:Media (books, films, periodicals, albums) 5036:Human Environment Animal Protection Party 1150:. Hmcourts-service.gov.uk. Archived from 5157:Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology 3409:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals 2139:World's Largest Entertainment McDonald's 1439:"HUDOC – European Court of Human Rights" 1129: 1127: 872:Press release issued by the Registrar. " 519: 279: 3000:Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare 2433:The Wacky Adventures of Ronald McDonald 1857: 1433: 1431: 1429: 1427: 1340:"Curriculum Vitae – Patti Brinley-Codd" 916:Lewis, Paul; Rob Evans (21 June 2013). 802:– 1994 case about a woman who suffered 5746: 3077:Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness 2553:McDonald's sign (Pine Bluff, Arkansas) 1607:. BBC Radio 4. Event occurs at 31m03s 1575:. BBC Radio 4. Event occurs at 30m20s 944: 626: 5293:Political Animals and Animal Politics 5097: 4881:Massachusetts Animal Rights Coalition 4806:Centre for Animals and Social Justice 4707: 3683: 3213:Concentrated animal feeding operation 2990:Timeline of animal welfare and rights 2945:Animal rights by country or territory 2921: 2883: 2109:McDonald's at the Will Rogers Archway 1831: 1514: 1322:"Curriculum Vitae – Timothy Atkinson" 1124: 1097: 957: 889: 414:In September 1998, the pair sued the 131:Steel & Morris v United Kingdom 16:Legal action against and by activists 5024:Animalist Party with the Environment 3306:Animal testing on non-human primates 1770:"McLibel in London", 20 March 1995, 1424: 1392: 1213:"Judgement Day Verdict – Highlights" 1027: 676:police computers with corporations. 5448:Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home 3653:World Day for the End of Speciesism 1685:(US). Afterword by Steel and Morris 1193:from the original on 24 August 2018 856:"McDonald's lets McLibel case rest" 836:"'McLibel' pair in fresh court bid" 690:A feature-length documentary film, 538:European Convention on Human Rights 235:European Convention on Human Rights 231:Steel & Morris v United Kingdom 81:Steel & Morris v United Kingdom 13: 5573:Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism 4916:United Activists for Animal Rights 4826:Doctors Against Animal Experiments 2960:Animal cruelty–Holocaust analogies 2477:McDonald's 1984 Olympics promotion 2409:McDonald's Treasure Land Adventure 1809:Summary of the 1997 Court Judgment 1393:Gibb, Frances (16 February 2005). 858:. AP. 19 July 1997. Archived from 721:(writer/director of the 2004 film 421: 397:, and they were "antipathetic" to 68:(Trial) and 3 procedural appeals ( 14: 5820: 5117:On Abstinence from Eating Animals 5077:Animal Rights National Conference 5000:Animal Protection Party of Canada 4957:Canadian Anti-Vivisection Society 4811:Chinese Animal Protection Network 4736:American Anti-Vivisection Society 4210:Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann 2965:Animal rights in Indian religions 2955:Animal rights and punk subculture 2909: 2723:Liebeck v. McDonald's Restaurants 1797: 1517:"Can new Act clean up libel law?" 1102:McLibel: British Culture on Trial 945:Oliver, Mark (15 February 2005). 799:Liebeck v. McDonald's Restaurants 490:Steel and Morris appealed to the 5724: 5723: 5285:Animal Rights Without Liberation 4936:Voice for Animals Humane Society 3663:World Day for the End of Fishing 3658:World Day for Laboratory Animals 3088:Equal consideration of interests 2869:List of nicknames for McDonald's 1659:McLibel: burger culture on trial 1242:"McLibel pair get police payout" 1219:from the original on 8 June 2019 890:Vidal, John (16 February 2005). 830:"McLibel pair get police payout" 310: 188:[1997] EWHC 366 (QB) 43:McDonald's Corp v Steel (No.4) 5754:2005 in United Kingdom case law 5006:Animal Justice Party of Finland 4891:Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics 4100:Karl Christian Friedrich Krause 3688:(academics, writers, activists) 3581:Monkey selfie copyright dispute 2776:Sydney River McDonald's murders 2512:McDonald's Olympic Swim Stadium 2134:Ronald McDonald House Charities 1623: 1600:The Reunion – the McLibel Trial 1568:The Reunion – the McLibel Trial 1543: 1529: 1508: 1490: 1471: 1459:. McSpotlight. 15 February 2005 1449: 1413: 1386: 1374: 1368: 1350: 1332: 1314: 1284: 1262: 1205: 1179: 1166: 1140: 1091: 1069: 1039: 643: 5229:Animals, Property, and the Law 3301:Alternatives to animal testing 2970:Christianity and animal rights 2764:San Ysidro McDonald's massacre 2492:McDonald's Championship (golf) 1708:The Raven: Anarchist Quarterly 1292:"One Brick Court – Barristers" 1014: 969: 883: 878:European Court of Human Rights 866: 848: 822: 778:Gunns Limited v Marr & Ors 544:In particular the Court held: 516:European Court of Human Rights 510:European Court of Human Rights 472:European Court of Human Rights 430:. The case was adjudicated by 227:European Court of Human Rights 1: 4866:Korea Animal Rights Advocates 3571:Cambridge University primates 3103:Ethics of uncertain sentience 2813:McDonald's Young Entertainers 1652: 1215:. McSpotlight. 19 June 1997. 696:, was made about the case by 383: 265: 4926:UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics 3071:Argument from marginal cases 2482:McDonald's All-American Game 2119:Oldest McDonald's restaurant 1923:Richard and Maurice McDonald 1821:Whats Wrong With McDonald's? 477:In response to the verdict, 315:In 1990, McDonald's brought 7: 5789:English defamation case law 5213:Morals, Reason, and Animals 4841:Farm Animal Rights Movement 4791:Anonymous for the Voiceless 3475:International primate trade 2950:Anarchism and animal rights 2831:Statue of a Quarter Pounder 2099:McDonald's Chicago Flagship 1690:McLibel: Two Worlds Collide 754: 664:Special Demonstration Squad 378: 347:assistance, including from 10: 5825: 5333:Making a Stand for Animals 5205:The Case for Animal Rights 4856:Hunt Saboteurs Association 4816:Cruelty Free International 4786:Anti-Vivisection Coalition 3311:Animal testing regulations 2770:Taiwan McDonald's bombings 2104:McDonald's #1 Store Museum 1902:International availability 1693:, documentary produced by 1515:Byrne, Matt (7 May 2013). 1106:. The New Press. pp.  683: 291:and David Morris were two 269: 260: 18: 5719: 5692: 5639: 5589: 5529: 5522: 5488:The Ghosts in Our Machine 5343: 5325:Animal Ethics in the Wild 5108: 5104: 5093: 5069: 4980: 4944: 4761:Animal Legal Defense Fund 4728: 4721: 4717: 4703: 4540: 4259: 4252: 4055:William Hamilton Drummond 3997: 3706: 3697: 3693: 3679: 3640: 3619: 3558: 3508: 3450: 3422: 3414:Welfare of farmed insects 3359: 3291: 3183: 3176: 3041:Animal–industrial complex 3008: 2932: 2928: 2917: 2865:(2020 documentary series) 2794:Magnificent Mile shooting 2753: 2714: 2689:Maxime, McDuff & McDo 2632: 2570: 2520: 2449: 2366: 2359: 2337:Buttermilk Crispy Tenders 2324: 2233: 2207: 2194:Quarter Pounder (McRoyal) 2166: 2157: 2144:eCrew Development Program 2066: 1915: 1887:Countries with franchises 1865: 1711:, issue 43 (published by 786:Maxime, McDuff & McDo 711:(author of the 2001 book 251:made a documentary film, 170: 165: 157: 152: 144: 136: 126: 118: 113: 91: 86: 76: 61: 56: 48: 38: 33: 5566:Journal of Animal Ethics 5432:Your Mommy Kills Animals 4821:Direct Action Everywhere 4225:Johann Heinrich Winckler 4170:Nathaniel Peabody Rogers 3627:Direct Action Everywhere 3331:Huntingdon Life Sciences 3316:Labcorp Drug Development 3273:Feedback (pork industry) 3238:Intensive animal farming 2975:History of animal rights 844:. BBC. 15 February 2005. 838:. BBC. 7 September 2004. 816: 679: 508:to file a case with the 305:Greenpeace International 161:M. Pellonpää (President) 148:application no. 68416/01 114:Subsequent ECHR decision 5759:Anti-corporate activism 5701:Holocaust on your Plate 5472:An Apology to Elephants 5253:Do Animals Have Rights? 5189:Animals, Men and Morals 5165:Better-World Philosophy 5042:Italian Animalist Party 4921:United Poultry Concerns 4876:Last Chance for Animals 4771:Animal Liberation Front 4658:Maud Ingersoll Probasco 3143:Replaceability argument 3061:Animal-free agriculture 2497:McDonald's Cycle Center 2487:McDonald's Championship 2241:McDonald's french fries 593:Post court developments 578:ECHR judgment, para. 94 566:ECHR judgment, para. 90 554:ECHR judgment, para. 89 532:season, 16 October 2004 428:Royal Courts of Justice 171:Freedom of expression, 70:McDonald's Corp v Steel 5779:Criticism of fast food 5674:Salvation of Innocents 5221:Zoos and Animal Rights 4796:Beauty Without Cruelty 4756:Animal Justice Project 4090:John Zephaniah Holwell 3744:Stephen St. C. Bostock 3321:Great ape research ban 2940:Animal rights movement 2618:Arcos Dorados Holdings 2507:McDonald's Super Smash 2342:Fruit and Walnut Salad 1745:Alfred A. Knopf Canada 1553:, followthethings.com. 793:McDonald's legal cases 738:The Oprah Winfrey Show 590: 581: 569: 557: 533: 333:English defamation law 285: 204:McDonald's Corporation 5804:McDonald's litigation 5774:Business ethics cases 5693:Fairs and exhibitions 5580:The Animals' Defender 5552:Cahiers antispĂ©cistes 5480:Speciesism: The Movie 5301:Animal (De)liberation 5261:Striking at the Roots 5173:The Universal Kinship 5133:The Rights of Animals 5054:People Animals Nature 5048:Party for the Animals 4861:In Defense of Animals 4623:Nina Douglas-Hamilton 4010:David Renaud Boullier 3596:Silver Spring monkeys 3495:Wild animal suffering 3404:Pain in invertebrates 3243:Intensive pig farming 3133:Opposition to hunting 3098:Ethics of eating meat 2666:McDonald's and unions 2660:McDonald's Video Game 2540:Fast food advertising 2502:McDonald's Gospelfest 1907:McDonald's and unions 1537:"Defamation Act 2013" 1502:www.niassembly.gov.uk 740:about Mad Cow disease 597:In the course of the 585: 570: 558: 546: 530:European Social Forum 528:, London, during the 523: 444:King's College London 283: 5309:Sentientist Politics 5237:The Lives of Animals 4988:Animal Justice Party 4801:Born Free Foundation 4638:Lizzy Lind af Hageby 4512:Wendy Turner-Webster 4220:Adam Gottlieb Weigen 3442:Recreational fishing 3283:Ventilation shutdown 3051:Animal protectionism 3031:Animal consciousness 2782:Murder of Wu Shuoyan 2074:Hamburger University 1098:Vidal, john (1997). 1077:"Statement of Claim" 466:, and then take the 339:The two were denied 5733:( 139 ) 5559:Etica & Animali 5545:Between the Species 5269:An American Trilogy 4962:Humanitarian League 4573:Frances Power Cobbe 4185:Arthur Schopenhauer 4180:Henry Stephens Salt 4060:Edward Payson Evans 3754:Stephen R. L. Clark 3611:War of the currents 3500:Wildlife management 3394:Pain in crustaceans 3389:Pain in cephalopods 2825:Seriously McDonalds 2730:Magee v. McDonald's 2703:Don't Eat This Book 2403:McDonald's Monopoly 1880:marketing campaigns 1362:www.mcspotlight.org 1344:www.mcspotlight.org 1326:www.mcspotlight.org 1302:on 20 December 2008 832:. BBC. 5 July 2000. 772:Defamation Act 2013 627:McDonald's response 614:Defamation Act 2013 416:Metropolitan Police 5496:Unlocking the Cage 5317:Wild Animal Ethics 5141:The Ethics of Diet 5018:Animalist Movement 4994:Animal Politics EU 4906:Sentience Politics 4532:That Vegan Teacher 4145:Siobhan O'Sullivan 4130:JosĂ© Ferrater Mora 3939:Steve F. Sapontzis 3432:Commercial fishing 3384:Pain in amphibians 3374:Cruelty to animals 3346:Operation Backfire 3185:Animal agriculture 3093:Emotion in animals 2623:Westlife Foodworld 2440:Grimace's Birthday 2043:Harry J. Sonneborn 2018:Michael R. Quinlan 1741:St. Martin's Press 1443:hudoc.echr.coe.int 862:on 6 October 2008. 804:third-degree burns 534: 432:Lord Justices Pill 395:cruelty to animals 286: 257:, about the case. 194:", was an English 5741: 5740: 5734: 5715: 5714: 5711: 5710: 5682:Onward to Freedom 5650:Animal Liberation 5635: 5634: 5456:Forks Over Knives 5408:Peaceable Kingdom 5368:Shores of Silence 5360:A Cow at My Table 5245:Eternal Treblinka 5197:Animal Liberation 5089: 5088: 5085: 5084: 4976: 4975: 4911:Uncaged Campaigns 4886:Mercy for Animals 4851:Great Ape Project 4766:Animal Liberation 4712:(groups, parties) 4699: 4698: 4695: 4694: 4691: 4690: 4598:Elizabeth Farians 4507:Christine Townend 4447:Heather Nicholson 4372:Brigitte Gothière 4362:Antoine Goetschel 4248: 4247: 3909:Charles Patterson 3814:Gary L. Francione 3789:Josephine Donovan 3779:Daniel Dombrowski 3759:Alasdair Cochrane 3675: 3674: 3671: 3670: 3554: 3553: 3485:Predation problem 3369:Animal euthanasia 3278:Foam depopulation 3113:Insects in ethics 2877: 2876: 2566: 2565: 2387:Global Gladiators 2355: 2354: 2215:Chicken McNuggets 2149:Ice cream machine 2003:Chris Kempczinski 1988:Jack M. Greenberg 1968:Steve Easterbrook 1549:Skau, S. (2013), 1296:onebrickcourt.com 1272:. Mcspotlight.org 1079:. Mcspotlight.org 1020:Skau, S. (2013). 607:London Greenpeace 297:London Greenpeace 272:London Greenpeace 179: 178: 109: 108: 77:Subsequent action 5816: 5732: 5727: 5726: 5538:Animal Sentience 5527: 5526: 5392:Legally Blonde 2 5352:The Animals Film 5106: 5105: 5095: 5094: 4901:Rise for Animals 4726: 4725: 4719: 4718: 4705: 4704: 4568:Edith Carrington 4472:Craig Rosebraugh 4432:Virginia McKenna 4422:Jo-Anne McArthur 4352:Juliet Gellatley 4257: 4256: 4215:Mary Anne Warren 4155:Humphrey Primatt 4140:Edward Nicholson 4110:Charles R. Magel 4075:Thomas G. Gentry 3934:Richard D. Ryder 3874:Thomas Lepeltier 3704: 3703: 3695: 3694: 3681: 3680: 3648:World Animal Day 3606:Unnecessary Fuss 3566:Brown Dog affair 3536:Animals in sport 3526:Animal slaughter 3521:Animal sacrifice 3460:Culling wildlife 3263:Wildlife farming 3181: 3180: 3026:Animal cognition 2995:Total liberation 2930: 2929: 2919: 2918: 2904: 2897: 2890: 2881: 2880: 2643:Fast Food Nation 2534:Dreaming in Mono 2364: 2363: 2164: 2163: 2079:Leaps and Bounds 2033:James A. Skinner 1973:Janice L. Fields 1852: 1845: 1838: 1829: 1828: 1781:Associated Press 1751:Canada Limited. 1720:Fast Food Nation 1702:McWorld on Trial 1647: 1646: 1644: 1642: 1627: 1621: 1620: 1614: 1612: 1595: 1589: 1588: 1582: 1580: 1563: 1554: 1547: 1541: 1540: 1539:. 24 March 2014. 1533: 1527: 1526: 1512: 1506: 1505: 1494: 1488: 1487: 1475: 1469: 1468: 1466: 1464: 1453: 1447: 1446: 1435: 1422: 1417: 1411: 1410: 1408: 1406: 1390: 1384: 1383:, 24 April 1999. 1378: 1372: 1366: 1365: 1354: 1348: 1347: 1336: 1330: 1329: 1318: 1312: 1311: 1309: 1307: 1298:. 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Howard Moore 4070:John Galsworthy 4050:Wilhelm Dietler 3993: 3989:Corey Lee Wrenn 3899:Martha Nussbaum 3809:Lawrence Finsen 3749:Paola Cavalieri 3724:Kristin Andrews 3699: 3689: 3667: 3636: 3615: 3550: 3504: 3446: 3418: 3379:Pain in animals 3355: 3287: 3253:Poultry farming 3172: 3004: 2924: 2913: 2908: 2878: 2873: 2847:Boom, Like That 2788:Munich shooting 2749: 2710: 2654:McDonaldization 2628: 2612:Vkusno i tochka 2562: 2516: 2445: 2351: 2320: 2229: 2203: 2153: 2129:Ronald McDonald 2062: 2038:Donald N. Smith 1911: 1861: 1856: 1800: 1655: 1650: 1640: 1638: 1637:. 4 August 2004 1629: 1628: 1624: 1610: 1608: 1597: 1596: 1592: 1578: 1576: 1565: 1564: 1557: 1548: 1544: 1535: 1534: 1530: 1513: 1509: 1496: 1495: 1491: 1476: 1472: 1462: 1460: 1455: 1454: 1450: 1437: 1436: 1425: 1418: 1414: 1404: 1402: 1391: 1387: 1379: 1375: 1369: 1356: 1355: 1351: 1338: 1337: 1333: 1320: 1319: 1315: 1305: 1303: 1290: 1289: 1285: 1275: 1273: 1268: 1267: 1263: 1253: 1251: 1240: 1239: 1232: 1222: 1220: 1211: 1210: 1206: 1196: 1194: 1185: 1184: 1180: 1171: 1167: 1157: 1155: 1146: 1145: 1141: 1132: 1125: 1118: 1096: 1092: 1082: 1080: 1075: 1074: 1070: 1062: 1053: 1044: 1040: 1032: 1028: 1019: 1015: 1007:; as quoted in 974: 970: 962: 958: 943: 936: 926: 924: 914: 905: 888: 884: 871: 867: 854: 853: 849: 840: 834: 828: 827: 823: 819: 814: 806:from hot coffee 767:Chilling effect 757: 719:Morgan Spurlock 688: 682: 646: 629: 595: 580: 577: 568: 565: 556: 553: 518: 460:public interest 448:Richard Rampton 424: 422:Court of Appeal 386: 381: 313: 278: 270:Main articles: 268: 263: 27: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5822: 5812: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5739: 5738: 5736: 5735: 5720: 5717: 5716: 5713: 5712: 5709: 5708: 5706: 5705: 5696: 5694: 5690: 5689: 5687: 5686: 5678: 5670: 5662: 5654: 5645: 5643: 5637: 5636: 5633: 5632: 5630: 5629: 5622: 5615: 5608: 5601: 5593: 5591: 5587: 5586: 5584: 5583: 5576: 5569: 5562: 5555: 5548: 5541: 5533: 5531: 5524: 5520: 5519: 5517: 5516: 5508: 5500: 5492: 5484: 5476: 5468: 5460: 5452: 5444: 5436: 5428: 5420: 5412: 5404: 5396: 5388: 5384:Meet Your Meat 5380: 5372: 5364: 5356: 5347: 5345: 5341: 5340: 5338: 5337: 5329: 5321: 5313: 5305: 5297: 5289: 5281: 5273: 5265: 5257: 5249: 5241: 5233: 5225: 5217: 5209: 5201: 5193: 5185: 5181:The New Ethics 5177: 5169: 5161: 5153: 5145: 5137: 5129: 5121: 5112: 5110: 5102: 5101: 5091: 5090: 5087: 5086: 5083: 5082: 5080: 5079: 5073: 5071: 5067: 5066: 5064: 5063: 5057: 5051: 5045: 5039: 5033: 5027: 5021: 5015: 5012:Animals' Party 5009: 5003: 4997: 4991: 4984: 4982: 4978: 4977: 4974: 4973: 4971: 4970: 4965: 4959: 4954: 4948: 4946: 4942: 4941: 4939: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4781:AnimaNaturalis 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4751:Animal Justice 4748: 4743: 4738: 4732: 4730: 4723: 4715: 4714: 4701: 4700: 4697: 4696: 4693: 4692: 4689: 4688: 4686: 4685: 4683:Gretchen Wyler 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4613:Lewis Gompertz 4610: 4605: 4603:Emarel Freshel 4600: 4595: 4593:Muriel Dowding 4590: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4544: 4542: 4538: 4537: 4535: 4534: 4529: 4527:Gary Yourofsky 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4442:Ingrid Newkirk 4439: 4434: 4429: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4382:Charlotte Laws 4379: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4307:Yves Bonnardel 4304: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4282:Martin Balluch 4279: 4274: 4269: 4263: 4261: 4254: 4250: 4249: 4246: 4245: 4243: 4242: 4237: 4232: 4230:Steven M. Wise 4227: 4222: 4217: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4177: 4175:Bernard Rollin 4172: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4135:Leonard Nelson 4132: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4057: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4040:Herman Daggett 4037: 4032: 4030:Priscilla Cohn 4027: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4005:Jeremy Bentham 4001: 3999: 3995: 3994: 3992: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3919:Jessica Pierce 3916: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3849:Kyle Johannsen 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3776: 3774:David DeGrazia 3771: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3714:Carol J. Adams 3710: 3708: 3701: 3691: 3690: 3677: 3676: 3673: 3672: 3669: 3668: 3666: 3665: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3644: 3642: 3638: 3637: 3635: 3634: 3629: 3623: 3621: 3617: 3616: 3614: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3586:Pit of despair 3583: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3562: 3560: 3556: 3555: 3552: 3551: 3549: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3516:Abandoned pets 3512: 3510: 3506: 3505: 3503: 3502: 3497: 3492: 3487: 3482: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3462: 3456: 3454: 3448: 3447: 3445: 3444: 3439: 3434: 3428: 3426: 3420: 3419: 3417: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3386: 3381: 3376: 3371: 3365: 3363: 3361:Animal welfare 3357: 3356: 3354: 3353: 3348: 3343: 3338: 3336:Model organism 3333: 3328: 3323: 3318: 3313: 3308: 3303: 3297: 3295: 3293:Animal testing 3289: 3288: 3286: 3285: 3280: 3275: 3270: 3268:Working animal 3265: 3260: 3258:Slaughterhouse 3255: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3235: 3233:Insect farming 3230: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3193:Animal product 3189: 3187: 3178: 3174: 3173: 3171: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3148:Sentiocentrism 3145: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3100: 3095: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3073: 3068: 3063: 3058: 3056:Animal welfare 3053: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3023: 3018: 3012: 3010: 3006: 3005: 3003: 3002: 2997: 2992: 2987: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2967: 2962: 2957: 2952: 2947: 2942: 2936: 2934: 2926: 2925: 2915: 2914: 2907: 2906: 2899: 2892: 2884: 2875: 2874: 2872: 2871: 2866: 2858: 2850: 2843: 2838: 2836:Taylor Company 2833: 2828: 2821: 2816: 2809: 2804: 2799: 2798: 2797: 2791: 2785: 2779: 2773: 2767: 2757: 2755: 2751: 2750: 2748: 2747: 2740: 2733: 2726: 2718: 2716: 2712: 2711: 2709: 2708: 2707: 2706: 2692: 2685: 2678: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2656: 2651: 2638: 2636: 2630: 2629: 2627: 2626: 2620: 2615: 2605: 2600: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2574: 2572: 2568: 2567: 2564: 2563: 2561: 2560: 2555: 2550: 2542: 2537: 2530: 2524: 2522: 2518: 2517: 2515: 2514: 2509: 2504: 2499: 2494: 2489: 2484: 2479: 2474: 2471:IndyCar Series 2464: 2453: 2451: 2447: 2446: 2444: 2443: 2436: 2429: 2427:Teenie Beanies 2424: 2419: 2412: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2383: 2376: 2370: 2368: 2361: 2357: 2356: 2353: 2352: 2350: 2349: 2344: 2339: 2334: 2328: 2326: 2322: 2321: 2319: 2318: 2313: 2311:Shamrock Shake 2308: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2237: 2235: 2231: 2230: 2228: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2211: 2209: 2205: 2204: 2202: 2201: 2196: 2191: 2186: 2181: 2176: 2170: 2168: 2161: 2155: 2154: 2152: 2151: 2146: 2141: 2136: 2131: 2126: 2121: 2116: 2111: 2106: 2101: 2096: 2091: 2086: 2081: 2076: 2070: 2068: 2064: 2063: 2061: 2060: 2058:George T. Yang 2055: 2053:Fred L. Turner 2050: 2045: 2040: 2035: 2030: 2025: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1919: 1917: 1913: 1912: 1910: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1883: 1882: 1872: 1866: 1863: 1862: 1855: 1854: 1847: 1840: 1832: 1826: 1825: 1816: 1811: 1806: 1799: 1798:External links 1796: 1795: 1794: 1787: 1784: 1777: 1768: 1728: 1725:Eric Schlosser 1716: 1698: 1686: 1654: 1651: 1649: 1648: 1622: 1590: 1555: 1542: 1528: 1507: 1489: 1470: 1448: 1423: 1412: 1385: 1373: 1367: 1349: 1331: 1313: 1283: 1261: 1230: 1204: 1178: 1165: 1154:on 5 June 2008 1139: 1123: 1116: 1090: 1068: 1051: 1038: 1026: 1013: 968: 956: 934: 903: 882: 865: 847: 820: 818: 815: 813: 812: 807: 795: 790: 782: 774: 769: 764: 758: 756: 753: 709:Eric Schlosser 686:McLibel (film) 684:Main article: 681: 678: 645: 642: 628: 625: 594: 591: 575: 563: 551: 517: 514: 474:if necessary. 464:House of Lords 423: 420: 385: 382: 380: 377: 353:food poisoning 312: 309: 301:Strand, London 267: 264: 262: 259: 177: 176: 168: 167: 163: 162: 159: 155: 154: 150: 149: 146: 142: 141: 138: 134: 133: 128: 127:Full case name 124: 123: 120: 116: 115: 107: 106: 93: 92:Judges sitting 89: 88: 84: 83: 78: 74: 73: 63: 59: 58: 54: 53: 50: 46: 45: 40: 39:Full case name 36: 35: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5821: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5751: 5749: 5730: 5722: 5721: 5718: 5703: 5702: 5698: 5697: 5695: 5691: 5684: 5683: 5679: 5676: 5675: 5671: 5668: 5667: 5663: 5660: 5659: 5658:Tame Yourself 5655: 5652: 5651: 5647: 5646: 5644: 5642: 5638: 5628: 5627: 5623: 5621: 5620: 5619:No Compromise 5616: 5614: 5613: 5609: 5607: 5606: 5602: 5600: 5599: 5595: 5594: 5592: 5588: 5582: 5581: 5577: 5575: 5574: 5570: 5568: 5567: 5563: 5561: 5560: 5556: 5554: 5553: 5549: 5547: 5546: 5542: 5540: 5539: 5535: 5534: 5532: 5528: 5525: 5521: 5514: 5513: 5509: 5506: 5505: 5501: 5498: 5497: 5493: 5490: 5489: 5485: 5482: 5481: 5477: 5474: 5473: 5469: 5466: 5465: 5461: 5458: 5457: 5453: 5450: 5449: 5445: 5442: 5441: 5437: 5434: 5433: 5429: 5426: 5425: 5421: 5418: 5417: 5413: 5410: 5409: 5405: 5402: 5401: 5397: 5394: 5393: 5389: 5386: 5385: 5381: 5378: 5377: 5373: 5370: 5369: 5365: 5362: 5361: 5357: 5354: 5353: 5349: 5348: 5346: 5342: 5335: 5334: 5330: 5327: 5326: 5322: 5319: 5318: 5314: 5311: 5310: 5306: 5303: 5302: 5298: 5295: 5294: 5290: 5287: 5286: 5282: 5279: 5278: 5274: 5271: 5270: 5266: 5263: 5262: 5258: 5255: 5254: 5250: 5247: 5246: 5242: 5239: 5238: 5234: 5231: 5230: 5226: 5223: 5222: 5218: 5215: 5214: 5210: 5207: 5206: 5202: 5199: 5198: 5194: 5191: 5190: 5186: 5183: 5182: 5178: 5175: 5174: 5170: 5167: 5166: 5162: 5159: 5158: 5154: 5151: 5150: 5146: 5143: 5142: 5138: 5135: 5134: 5130: 5127: 5126: 5122: 5120:(3rd century) 5119: 5118: 5114: 5113: 5111: 5107: 5103: 5096: 5092: 5078: 5075: 5074: 5072: 5068: 5061: 5058: 5055: 5052: 5050:(Netherlands) 5049: 5046: 5043: 5040: 5037: 5034: 5031: 5028: 5025: 5022: 5019: 5016: 5013: 5010: 5007: 5004: 5001: 4998: 4995: 4992: 4989: 4986: 4985: 4983: 4979: 4969: 4966: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4949: 4947: 4943: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4776:Animal Rising 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4746:Animal Ethics 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4733: 4731: 4727: 4724: 4720: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4702: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4643:Jessie Mackay 4641: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4618:James Granger 4616: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4553:Henry B. Amos 4551: 4549: 4546: 4545: 4543: 4539: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4522:Louise Wallis 4520: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4487:Kim Stallwood 4485: 4483: 4482:Jasmin Singer 4480: 4478: 4477:Nathan Runkle 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4462:David Olivier 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4342:John Feldmann 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4317:Aymeric Caron 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4287:Carole Baskin 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4264: 4262: 4258: 4255: 4251: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4190:Laurids Smith 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4160:James Rachels 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4105:John Lawrence 4103: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4073: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4051: 4048: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4015:Brigid Brophy 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4002: 4000: 3996: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3979:Tatjana Višak 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3969:David Sztybel 3967: 3965: 3964:Cass Sunstein 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3929:Mark Rowlands 3927: 3925: 3924:Evelyn Pluhar 3922: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3879:Andrew Linzey 3877: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3864:Will Kymlicka 3862: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3844:Dale Jamieson 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3824:ValĂ©ry Giroux 3822: 3820: 3819:Robert Garner 3817: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3784:Sue Donaldson 3782: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3764:J. M. Coetzee 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3729:Tom Beauchamp 3727: 3725: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3711: 3709: 3705: 3702: 3696: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3678: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3645: 3643: 3639: 3633: 3632:Hunt sabotage 3630: 3628: 3625: 3624: 3622: 3620:Methodologies 3618: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3563: 3561: 3557: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3513: 3511: 3507: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3493: 3491: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3465:Hare coursing 3463: 3461: 3458: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3449: 3443: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3421: 3415: 3412: 3410: 3407: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3392: 3390: 3387: 3385: 3382: 3380: 3377: 3375: 3372: 3370: 3367: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3358: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3324: 3322: 3319: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3298: 3296: 3294: 3290: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3208:Chick culling 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3182: 3179: 3175: 3169: 3168:Vegetarianism 3166: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3078: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3066:Anthrozoology 3064: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3036:Animal ethics 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3013: 3011: 3007: 3001: 2998: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2983: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2943: 2941: 2938: 2937: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2911:Animal rights 2905: 2900: 2898: 2893: 2891: 2886: 2885: 2882: 2870: 2867: 2864: 2863: 2859: 2856: 2855: 2851: 2848: 2844: 2842: 2841:Urban legends 2839: 2837: 2834: 2832: 2829: 2826: 2822: 2820: 2817: 2815: 2814: 2810: 2808: 2807:Big Mac Index 2805: 2803: 2800: 2795: 2792: 2789: 2786: 2783: 2780: 2777: 2774: 2771: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2761: 2759: 2758: 2756: 2752: 2746: 2745: 2741: 2739: 2738: 2734: 2732: 2731: 2727: 2725: 2724: 2720: 2719: 2717: 2713: 2705: 2704: 2700: 2699: 2698: 2697: 2696:Super Size Me 2693: 2691: 2690: 2686: 2684: 2683: 2679: 2677: 2674: 2672: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2662: 2661: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2649: 2645: 2644: 2640: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2631: 2624: 2621: 2619: 2616: 2613: 2609: 2606: 2604: 2601: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2591: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2575: 2573: 2569: 2559: 2556: 2554: 2551: 2548: 2547: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2536: 2535: 2531: 2529: 2526: 2525: 2523: 2519: 2513: 2510: 2508: 2505: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2490: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2472: 2468: 2465: 2462: 2458: 2457:Bubba Wallace 2455: 2454: 2452: 2448: 2442: 2441: 2437: 2435: 2434: 2430: 2428: 2425: 2423: 2420: 2418: 2417: 2413: 2411: 2410: 2406: 2404: 2401: 2399: 2396: 2394: 2393:Golden Arches 2391: 2389: 2388: 2384: 2382: 2381: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2371: 2369: 2365: 2362: 2358: 2348: 2345: 2343: 2340: 2338: 2335: 2333: 2330: 2329: 2327: 2323: 2317: 2316:Grimace Shake 2314: 2312: 2309: 2307: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2297: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2249: 2247: 2244: 2242: 2239: 2238: 2236: 2232: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2212: 2210: 2206: 2200: 2197: 2195: 2192: 2190: 2187: 2185: 2182: 2180: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2171: 2169: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2156: 2150: 2147: 2145: 2142: 2140: 2137: 2135: 2132: 2130: 2127: 2125: 2122: 2120: 2117: 2115: 2112: 2110: 2107: 2105: 2102: 2100: 2097: 2095: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2085: 2082: 2080: 2077: 2075: 2072: 2071: 2069: 2065: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2029: 2028:Willard Scott 2026: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2013:Herb Peterson 2011: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1963:Dan Coudreaut 1961: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1953:Jim Cantalupo 1951: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1938:Ralph Alvarez 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1920: 1918: 1914: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1881: 1878: 1877: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1867: 1864: 1860: 1853: 1848: 1846: 1841: 1839: 1834: 1833: 1830: 1824: 1822: 1819:Full text of 1817: 1815: 1814:ECHR judgment 1812: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1802: 1801: 1792: 1788: 1785: 1782: 1778: 1775: 1774: 1769: 1766: 1765:0-312-27192-1 1762: 1759:(hardcover); 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Retrieved 922:The Guardian 921: 897:The Guardian 895: 885: 868: 860:the original 850: 824: 797: 784: 776: 746: 744: 737: 733:Howard Lyman 729:Keir Starmer 722: 712: 706: 691: 689: 674: 669:The Guardian 667: 657: 656:' 2012 book 647: 644:Later events 638: 632: 630: 618: 611: 596: 586: 582: 571: 559: 547: 543: 535: 506:Keir Starmer 489: 482: 476: 456: 452: 425: 413: 407: 404: 399:unionisation 387: 373: 369:media circus 365: 349:Keir Starmer 338: 330: 314: 287: 252: 243: 230: 220: 192:McLibel case 191: 182: 181: 180: 130: 80: 69: 65: 57:Case history 52:19 June 1997 42: 34:McLibel case 28: 21: 5784:DIY culture 5523:Periodicals 5400:The Meatrix 5376:The Witness 4990:(Australia) 4964:(1891–1919) 4846:Faunalytics 4673:Henry Spira 4663:Hans Ruesch 4653:Jill Phipps 4648:Norm Phelps 4628:Barry Horne 4588:Royal Dixon 4583:Karen Davis 4563:Ernest Bell 4457:Ric O'Barry 4452:Jack Norris 4417:Dan Mathews 4322:Jake Conroy 4292:Barbi Twins 4267:James Aspey 4205:Gary Varner 4195:John Styles 4035:Henry Crowe 3984:Paul Waldau 3974:Michael Tye 3869:Renan Larue 3854:Melanie Joy 3839:Oscar Horta 3834:John Hadley 3804:Catia Faria 3799:Mylan Engel 3769:Alice Crary 3739:Steven Best 3734:Marc Bekoff 3700:and writers 3641:Observances 3546:Live export 3480:Ivory trade 3351:Vivisection 3326:Green Scare 3223:Fur farming 3128:Open rescue 3123:Nonviolence 2857:(2016 film) 2854:The Founder 2715:Legal cases 2603:Philippines 2593:New Zealand 2549:(1988 film) 2528:Burger wars 2398:Mac Tonight 2380:Donald Land 2374:Changeables 2360:Advertising 2332:Arch Deluxe 2256:Georgie Pie 2184:Deluxe line 1998:EikĹŤ Harada 1892:Legal cases 1875:Advertising 1804:McSpotlight 1767:(softcover) 1737:Naomi Klein 1605:The Reunion 1573:The Reunion 1306:15 February 1276:13 November 1158:13 November 1083:13 November 1066:film, 1998. 748:The Reunion 603:Bob Lambert 289:Helen Steel 276:Helen Steel 212:Helen Steel 175:, legal aid 5748:Categories 5512:Seaspiracy 5416:Earthlings 5056:(Portugal) 5030:DierAnimal 4945:Historical 4741:Animal Aid 4633:Marie Huot 4578:Joan Court 4558:Bob Barker 4541:Historical 4427:LuĂ­sa Mell 4407:Keith Mann 4402:Bill Maher 4387:Ronnie Lee 4357:Tal Gilboa 4332:Karen Dawn 4272:Greg Avery 4150:Rod Preece 4065:T. Forster 4025:Mona Caird 3998:Historical 3859:Hilda Kean 3829:Lori Gruen 3163:Vegaphobia 3153:Speciesism 3046:Animal law 2862:McMillions 2802:McDelivery 2546:Mac and Me 2276:McGriddles 2261:Happy Meal 2225:Snack Wrap 2189:Kiwiburger 1983:Don Gorske 1978:Den Fujita 1859:McDonald's 1653:References 1641:17 January 1522:The Lawyer 1405:29 January 1133:p. 387 of 1045:p. 389 of 963:p. 388 of 650:Paul Lewis 573:companies. 384:High Court 320:including 266:Background 210:activists 5666:Manifesto 5605:Bite Back 5590:Magazines 5464:Vegucated 5062:(Germany) 5060:V-ParteiÂł 5038:(Germany) 5032:(Belgium) 5008:(Finland) 4831:Equanimal 4437:Morrissey 4412:Jim Mason 4367:Mark Gold 4302:Gene Baur 4277:Matt Ball 4253:Activists 4165:Tom Regan 3944:Jeff Sebo 3889:Dan Lyons 3698:Academics 3686:Advocates 3541:Live food 3341:Nafovanny 3248:Livestock 3228:Fur trade 3203:Bile bear 3138:Personism 2933:Overviews 2676:McRefugee 2634:Criticism 2558:Supersize 2416:M.C. Kids 2367:Campaigns 2220:McChicken 2124:PlayPlace 1993:Lou Groen 1933:Joan Kroc 1823:factsheet 1551:"McLibel" 1399:The Times 1381:The Times 1137:, 1st ed. 1022:"McLibel" 981:Channel 4 702:Ken Loach 654:Rob Evans 503:barrister 496:solicitor 492:Law Lords 484:The Times 355:, unpaid 341:legal aid 322:Channel 4 249:Ken Loach 202:filed by 72:No.1 – 3) 5799:Food law 5729:Category 5598:Arkangel 5530:Journals 5504:Dominion 5440:The Cove 5070:Activism 5014:(Sweden) 5002:(Canada) 4996:(Europe) 4710:Movement 4240:Voltaire 3158:Veganism 3108:Ethology 3009:Concepts 2760:Attacks 2598:Pakistan 2571:Branches 2347:McAfrika 2301:McVeggie 2281:McMuffin 2271:McFlurry 2266:McArabia 2246:BTS Meal 2199:McDouble 2159:Products 2023:Ed Rensi 1928:Ray Kroc 1611:18 April 1586:campaign 1579:18 April 1401:. London 1247:BBC News 1217:Archived 1191:Archived 985:Guardian 755:See also 576:—  564:—  552:—  481:said in 379:Judgment 361:recycled 357:overtime 345:pro bono 216:hearings 206:against 166:Keywords 145:Citation 5044:(Italy) 5026:(Spain) 5020:(Italy) 4981:Parties 3470:Hunting 3424:Fishing 3083:Carnism 2819:McWords 2754:Related 2682:McLibel 2625:(India) 2521:Related 2296:McVegan 2286:McPlant 2208:Chicken 2174:Big Mac 2094:CosMc's 2084:McBarge 2067:Company 1870:History 1773:Fortune 1732:No Logo 1463:14 July 1223:14 July 1174:No Logo 1135:No Logo 1064:McLibel 1047:No Logo 1035:No Logo 1009:No Logo 990:The Sun 965:No Logo 927:21 June 693:McLibel 633:McLibel 470:to the 408:McLibel 326:settled 261:History 254:McLibel 196:lawsuit 137:Decided 104:Keene J 96:Pill LJ 49:Decided 22:McLibel 5731:  5704:(2003) 5685:(2014) 5677:(2014) 5669:(2008) 5661:(1991) 5653:(1987) 5641:Albums 5515:(2021) 5507:(2018) 5499:(2016) 5491:(2013) 5483:(2013) 5475:(2013) 5467:(2011) 5459:(2011) 5451:(2009) 5443:(2009) 5435:(2007) 5427:(2006) 5419:(2005) 5411:(2004) 5403:(2003) 5395:(2003) 5387:(2002) 5379:(2000) 5371:(2000) 5363:(1998) 5355:(1981) 5336:(2022) 5328:(2022) 5320:(2020) 5312:(2018) 5304:(2016) 5296:(2014) 5288:(2012) 5280:(2010) 5272:(2009) 5264:(2008) 5256:(2005) 5248:(2001) 5240:(1999) 5232:(1995) 5224:(1993) 5216:(1987) 5208:(1983) 5200:(1975) 5192:(1971) 5184:(1907) 5176:(1906) 5168:(1899) 5160:(1897) 5152:(1892) 5144:(1883) 5136:(1838) 5128:(1824) 4722:Groups 3177:Issues 3021:Ahimsa 2796:(2022) 2790:(2016) 2784:(2014) 2778:(1992) 2772:(1992) 2766:(1984) 2608:Russia 2588:Israel 2583:France 2578:Canada 2461:NASCAR 2422:McKids 2325:Former 2089:McCafĂ© 1916:People 1763:  1755:  1681:  1673:  1665:  1254:12 May 1197:26 May 1114:  993:, the 983:, the 876:" The 391:health 331:Under 100:May LJ 24:(film) 5626:Satya 5344:Films 5109:Books 4931:Viva! 3559:Cases 3509:Other 2671:McJob 2291:McRib 2234:Other 1108:11–20 817:Notes 680:Media 317:libel 239:state 200:libel 186: 173:libel 119:Court 4871:L214 3591:SHAC 2648:film 2167:Beef 1761:ISBN 1753:ISBN 1723:(by 1679:ISBN 1671:ISBN 1663:ISBN 1643:2009 1613:2023 1581:2023 1465:2006 1407:2011 1308:2008 1278:2008 1256:2007 1225:2006 1199:2013 1160:2008 1112:ISBN 1085:2008 929:2013 700:and 652:and 631:The 612:The 501:and 438:and 434:and 274:and 247:and 198:for 1747:of 977:BBC 727:), 717:), 436:May 223:BBC 5750:: 1735:, 1633:. 1615:. 1603:. 1583:. 1571:. 1558:^ 1519:. 1500:. 1482:. 1441:. 1426:^ 1397:. 1360:. 1342:. 1324:. 1294:. 1244:. 1233:^ 1189:. 1126:^ 1110:. 1054:^ 987:, 979:, 949:. 937:^ 920:. 906:^ 894:. 751:. 742:. 623:. 241:. 102:, 98:, 2903:e 2896:t 2889:v 2849:" 2845:" 2827:" 2823:" 2650:) 2646:( 2614:) 2610:( 2473:) 2469:( 2463:) 2459:( 1851:e 1844:t 1837:v 1793:. 1783:. 1776:. 1715:) 1697:. 1645:. 1525:. 1504:. 1486:. 1467:. 1445:. 1409:. 1364:. 1346:. 1328:. 1310:. 1280:. 1258:. 1227:. 1201:. 1176:. 1162:. 1120:. 1087:. 1049:. 1011:. 953:. 931:. 900:. 26:.

Index

McLibel (film)
Pill LJ
May LJ
Keene J
libel
[1997] EWHC 366 (QB)
lawsuit
libel
McDonald's Corporation
environmental
Helen Steel
hearings
BBC
European Court of Human Rights
European Convention on Human Rights
state
Franny Armstrong
Ken Loach
McLibel
London Greenpeace
Helen Steel

Helen Steel
environmental
London Greenpeace
Strand, London
Greenpeace International
libel
Channel 4
settled

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