421:
54:
31:
396:
404:
297:
305:
329:(F). These proteins are responsible for host cell binding and invasion. The H protein mediates receptor attachment and the F protein causes fusion of viral envelope and cellular membrane. Additionally, the F protein can cause infected cells to directly fuse with neighboring uninfected cells forming syncytia. Three receptors for the H protein have been identified to date: complement regulatory molecule
417:
non-structural proteins are innate immunity antagonists; they help the virus to escape host immune response. Inside the virion genomic RNA is forming complex with N, L and P proteins. N, P and M proteins regulate RNA synthesis by RdRp. The virus is enveloped by a lipid membrane and glycoproteins H and F are virion surface proteins that are associated with this lipid membrane.
748:
471:
of measles (AâH). Subtypes are designed with numeralsâA1, D2 etc. Currently, 23 subtypes are recognised. The 450 nucleotides that code for the Câterminal 150 amino acids of N are the minimum amount of sequence data required for genotyping a measles virus isolate. The genotyping scheme was introduced
416:
The RNA genome of the virus codes 6 main proteins
Nucleoprotein (N), Phosphoprotein (P), Matrix protein (M), Fusion protein (F), Hemagglutinin (H), and Large Protein (L), which represents RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The viral genome also codes two non-structural proteins C and V. These
749:
MĂźhlebach, Michael D Mateo, Mathieu Sinn, Patrick L PrĂźfer, Steffen Uhlig, Katharina M Leonard, Vincent H J Navaratnarajah, Chanakha K Frenzke, Marie Wong, Xiao X Sawatsky, Bevan
Ramachandran, Shyam Mccray Jr, Paul B Cichutek, Klaus Von Messling, Veronika Lopez, Marc Cattaneo, Roberto.
1490:
Laksono, Brigitta M.; Grosserichter-Wagener, Christina; Vries, Rory D. de; Langeveld, Simone A. G.; Brem, Maarten D.; Dongen, Jacques J. M. van; Katsikis, Peter D.; Koopmans, Marion P. G.; Zelm, Menno C. van; Swart, Rik L. de (15 April 2018).
486:
The major genotypes differ between countries and the status of measles circulation within that country or region. Endemic transmission of measles virus was interrupted in the United States and
Australia by 2000 and the Americas by 2002.
1289:
458:
is in action. There is some linguistic evidence for an earlier origin within the seventh century. The current epidemic strain evolved at the beginning of the 20th centuryâmost probably between 1908 and 1943.
1317:"Measles Virus Infection of Alveolar Macrophages and Dendritic Cells Precedes Spread to Lymphatic Organs in Transgenic Mice Expressing Human Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule (SLAM, CD150)"
1372:
Leonard, Vincent H.J.; Sinn, Patrick L.; Hodge, Gregory; Miest, Tanner; Devaux, Patricia; Oezguen, Numan; Braun, Werner; McCray, Paul B.; McChesney, Michael B.; Cattaneo, Roberto (1 July 2008).
1605:
Ludlow, Martin; Lemon, Ken; de Vries, Rory D.; McQuaid, Stephen; Millar, Emma L.; van
Amerongen, Geert; YĂźksel, Selma; Verburgh, R. Joyce; Osterhaus, Albert D. M. E.; de Swart, Rik L.;
288:
seen on buccal mucosa opposite to lower 1st and 2nd molars. The virus is spread by coughing and sneezing via close personal contact or direct contact with secretions.
2567:
447:
has suggested that the two viruses most probably diverged in the 11th and 12th centuries, though the periods as early as the 5th century fall within the 95%
353:
mainly work as cell entry receptors. A minor fraction of wild type virus strains and all modern vaccine strains derived from the
Edmonston strain also use
1315:
Ferreira, Claudia S. Antunes; Frenzke, Marie; Leonard, Vincent H. J.; Welstead, G. Grant; Richardson, Christopher D.; Cattaneo, Roberto (15 March 2010).
1004:
Griffin DE (2007). "Measles Virus". In Martin, Malcolm A.; Knipe, David M.; Fields, Bernard N.; Howley, Peter M.; Griffin, Diane; Lamb, Robert (eds.).
1990:
1493:"In Vitro Measles Virus Infection of Human Lymphocyte Subsets Demonstrates High Susceptibility and Permissiveness of both Naive and Memory B Cells"
773:
1937:
1829:
1374:"Measles virus blind to its epithelial cell receptor remains virulent in rhesus monkeys but cannot cross the airway epithelium and is not shed"
1550:"Measles Virus Transmission from Dendritic Cells to T Cells: Formation of Synapse-Like Interfaces Concentrating Viral and Cellular Components"
2581:
1950:
1842:
380:. Then this copy is used to create a new negative copy, and so on, to create many copies of the ssRNA. The positive sense ssRNA is then mass
1668:"Cell-to-Cell Contact and Nectin-4 Govern Spread of Measles Virus from Primary Human Myeloid Cells to Primary Human Airway Epithelial Cells"
633:
Tatsuo, Hironobu; Ono, Nobuyuki; Tanaka, Kotaro; Yanagi, Yusuke (24 August 2000). "SLAM (CDw150) is a cellular receptor for measles virus".
454:
Other analysis has suggested that the divergence may be even older because of the technique's tendency to underestimate ages when strong
2247:
2078:
2118:
1924:
1816:
334:
211:
1267:
388:, producing all viral proteins. The viruses are then assembled from their proteins and negative sense ssRNA, and the cell will
1611:"Measles Virus Infection of Epithelial Cells in the Macaque Upper Respiratory Tract Is Mediated by Subepithelial Immune Cells"
1983:
1145:
1013:
511:, from which it spreads systemically. In the later stages of infection, the virus infects other immune cell types, including
2211:
2268:
787:
Noyce, Ryan S.; Richardson, Christopher D. (20 June 2012). "Nectin 4 is the epithelial cell receptor for measles virus".
467:
The measles virus genome is typically 15,894ânucleotides long and encodes eight proteins. The WHO currently recognises 8
2587:
2113:
2070:
2573:
2502:
1976:
1293:
1955:
1847:
1889:
1781:
2172:
2158:
1666:
Singh, Brajesh K.; Li, Ni; Mark, Anna C.; Mateo, Mathieu; Cattaneo, Roberto; Sinn, Patrick L. (1 August 2016).
479:. Antibodies to measles bind to the hemagglutinin protein. Thus, antibodies against one genotype (such as the
2533:
528:
350:
2610:
1726:
2377:
2371:
2282:
2276:
2166:
373:
885:"The Host Cell Receptors for Measles Virus and Their Interaction with the Viral Hemagglutinin (H) Protein"
53:
2740:
2666:
2660:
2333:
1218:
Phan, MVT; Schapendonk, CME; Oude
Munnink, BB; Koopmans, MPG; de Swart, RL; Cotten, M (29 March 2018).
256:, a highly contagious disease transmitted by respiratory aerosols that triggers a temporary but severe
2797:
2404:
366:
2997:
2506:
2418:
2323:
2153:
2126:
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2031:
2302:
444:
326:
1968:
551:
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2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2496:
2434:
2328:
2289:
2092:
1942:
1834:
1743:
1034:"Origin of measles virus: divergence from rinderpest virus between the 11th and 12th centuries"
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2262:
2132:
2103:
381:
2945:
2777:
2412:
2241:
1911:
1803:
1174:
642:
48:
8:
2363:
2084:
1606:
1435:"Macrophages and Dendritic Cells Are the Predominant Cells Infected in Measles in Humans"
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831:
455:
448:
41:
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646:
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1162:
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1008:(5th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
978:
943:
919:
884:
767:
731:
710:
693:
674:
173:
238:. Humans are the natural hosts of the virus; no animal reservoirs are known to exist.
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2881:
2862:
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2147:
2025:
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983:
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658:
615:
285:
257:
735:
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1903:
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1045:
973:
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914:
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847:
796:
705:
678:
650:
531:
receptor and by cell to cell contacts with infected immune cells. The infection of
508:
2869:
606:
Lu G, Gao GF, Yan J (2013). "The receptors and entry of measles virus: a review".
2829:
2734:
2654:
2643:
2514:
2478:
2398:
2184:
2045:
1874:
1548:
Koethe, Susanne; Avota, Elita; Schneider-Schaulies, Sibylle (15 September 2012).
944:"HostâPathogen Interactions in Measles Virus Replication and Anti-Viral Immunity"
480:
230:
138:
126:
102:
852:
835:
834:; Rima, Bert K.; ter Meulen, Volker; Schneider-Schaulies, JĂźrgen (1 June 2002).
581:
2065:
752:
Adherens junction protein nectin-4 is the epithelial receptor for measles virus
504:
273:
215:
114:
1186:
800:
2986:
2060:
2055:
2003:
1766:
1691:
1634:
1573:
1516:
1458:
1450:
1397:
1340:
1235:
969:
910:
861:
808:
759:
719:
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516:
420:
322:
277:
224:
150:
90:
1100:
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2771:
2449:
2310:
1709:
1652:
1591:
1534:
1476:
1415:
1358:
1253:
1204:
1118:
1069:
1050:
987:
928:
869:
816:
727:
670:
619:
318:
281:
1489:
2961:
2910:
2898:
2893:
2886:
2874:
2848:
2818:
2720:
2559:
2471:
2454:
2389:
2050:
1883:
1775:
1683:
1626:
1565:
1508:
1332:
434:
1929:
1821:
2811:
2595:
2352:
532:
524:
500:
440:
269:
1163:"The evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of the paramyxoviridae"
2856:
2837:
2804:
2792:
2786:
2765:
2711:
2639:
2525:
2487:
2256:
2235:
2141:
2019:
2011:
1999:
1429:
Allen, Ingrid V.; McQuaid, Stephen; Penalva, Rosana; Ludlow, Martin;
1389:
960:
901:
654:
219:
78:
1737:
475:
Despite the variety of measles genotypes, there is only one measles
2954:
2601:
2343:
2199:
1868:
1760:
1217:
1085:"Purifying Selection Can Obscure the Ancient Age of Viral Lineages"
499:
infects immune cells located in the host respiratory tract such as
476:
385:
2707:
1998:
1916:
1808:
395:
253:
247:
235:
403:
392:, discharging the new viral particles and restarting the cycle.
372:
is used as a template to create a positive sense copy using the
345:-4. For wild type and vaccine strains, extracellular domains of
30:
2316:
1290:"No endemic transmission of measles in the Americas since 2002"
942:
Jiang, Yanliang; Qin, Yali; Chen, Mingzhou (16 November 2016).
883:
Lin, Liang-Tzung; Richardson, Christopher (20 September 2016).
520:
512:
496:
468:
346:
342:
338:
296:
1547:
1314:
829:
424:
Artist's impression of a cross-section through a measles virus
2967:
2726:
2358:
389:
377:
265:
261:
65:
304:
836:"Analysis of receptor (CD46, CD150) usage by measles virus"
354:
330:
1604:
1274:. World Health Organization. 11 March 2013. Archived from
2193:
1428:
369:
351:
nectin-4 (also called
Poliovirus-Receptor-Like 4 (PVRL4))
1220:"Complete Genome Sequences of Six Measles Virus Strains"
527:
located in the airways. These cells become infected via
495:
In the early stages of infection, the measles virus via
360:
1082:
1160:
365:
Once the virus has entered a host cell, its strand of
1371:
1161:
Pomeroy LW, Bjørnstad ON, Holmes EC (February 2008).
632:
560:
International
Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)
1031:
535:allows the virus to be released via the airstream.
1133:
439:The measles virus evolved from the now eradicated
1733:. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.
2984:
1665:
1083:Wertheim, J. O.; Kosakovsky Pond, S. L. (2011).
786:
692:Tatsuo, Hironobu; Yanagi, Yusuke (March 2002).
999:
997:
411:
1984:
1027:
1025:
882:
941:
772:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
691:
1154:
994:
300:Measles morbillivirus cell entry receptors.
2248:Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
1991:
1977:
1125:
1022:
1003:
586:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
29:
2119:Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type
1699:
1642:
1581:
1524:
1466:
1405:
1348:
1243:
1194:
1108:
1059:
1049:
977:
959:
918:
900:
851:
709:
694:"The Morbillivirus Receptor SLAM (CD150)"
605:
419:
402:
394:
335:signaling lymphocyte activation molecule
303:
295:
1032:Furuse Y, Suzuki A, Oshitani H (2010).
483:) protect against all other genotypes.
472:in 1998 and extended in 2002 and 2003.
2985:
1131:
399:Measles morbillivirus virion structure
308:Measles morbillivirus genome structure
1972:
1742:
1741:
1378:The Journal of Clinical Investigation
1272:Biologicals â Vaccine Standardization
599:
544:
361:Genome replication and viral assembly
1140:. New York: Anchor Press/Doubleday.
291:
2269:Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
579:
317:The measles virus has two envelope
13:
711:10.1111/j.1348-0421.2002.tb02678.x
14:
3009:
2588:Severe acute respiratory syndrome
2114:Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma
1719:
507:. They transmit the virus to the
341:) and the cell adhesion molecule
2574:Middle East respiratory syndrome
1433:; Rima, Bertus K. (9 May 2018).
1294:Pan American Health Organization
523:. In addition, it infects
407:Measles morbillivirus life cycle
52:
1659:
1598:
1541:
1483:
1422:
1365:
1308:
1282:
1260:
1211:
1089:Molecular Biology and Evolution
1076:
935:
582:"Measles is Easily Transmitted"
212:single-stranded, negative-sense
2173:Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
2159:Splenic marginal zone lymphoma
876:
823:
780:
742:
685:
626:
573:
1:
538:
443:virus which infected cattle.
2378:Tropical spastic paraparesis
2283:Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
490:
462:
428:
374:RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
7:
2741:Cytomegalovirus esophagitis
2661:Human parainfluenza viruses
2334:Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2
853:10.1099/0022-1317-83-6-1431
840:Journal of General Virology
698:Microbiology and Immunology
608:Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao
412:Genome and virion structure
10:
3014:
432:
245:
241:
2944:
2920:
2828:
2751:
2706:
2695:
2524:
2486:
2465:
2433:
2405:Cytomegalovirus retinitis
2388:
2342:
2221:
2210:
2183:
2010:
1858:
1750:
1187:10.1007/s00239-007-9040-x
801:10.1016/j.tim.2012.05.006
284:rash and a pathognomonic
179:
172:
47:
37:
28:
21:
2507:Infectious mononucleosis
2324:Chandipura vesiculovirus
2154:Hepatocellular carcinoma
2099:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
2032:Hepatocellular carcinoma
1451:10.1128/mSphere.00570-17
1236:10.1128/genomeA.00184-18
552:"ICTV Taxonomy history:
312:
204:), with scientific name
2303:Encephalitis lethargica
2004:viral systemic diseases
830:ErlenhĂśfer, Christian;
580:CDC (5 November 2020).
497:CD150 (SLAMF1) receptor
451:of these calculations.
376:that's included in the
327:membrane fusion protein
321:on the viral surface â
2675:Human orthopneumovirus
2329:Herpesviral meningitis
2290:Arbovirus encephalitis
1051:10.1186/1743-422X-7-52
789:Trends in Microbiology
435:Measles § History
425:
408:
400:
347:CD150 (SLAM or SLAMF1)
309:
301:
2133:Merkel-cell carcinoma
1890:Morbillivirus hominis
1860:Measles morbillivirus
1782:Morbillivirus hominis
1752:Measles morbillivirus
1101:10.1093/molbev/msr170
554:Measles morbillivirus
423:
406:
398:
307:
299:
234:. It is the cause of
207:Morbillivirus hominis
187:Measles morbillivirus
165:Morbillivirus hominis
39:Measles morbillivirus
23:Morbillivirus hominis
2778:Adenovirus infection
2242:Human polyomavirus 2
2071:Oropharyngeal cancer
1684:10.1128/JVI.00266-16
1627:10.1128/JVI.03258-12
1566:10.1128/JVI.00458-12
1509:10.1128/JVI.00131-18
1333:10.1128/JVI.01559-09
1224:Genome Announcements
49:Virus classification
2364:Post-polio syndrome
2000:Infectious diseases
1672:Journal of Virology
1615:Journal of Virology
1554:Journal of Virology
1497:Journal of Virology
1321:Journal of Virology
1179:2008JMolE..66...98P
1136:Plagues and Peoples
1132:McNeil, W. (1976).
647:2000Natur.406..893T
456:purifying selection
449:confidence interval
276:and a generalized,
260:. Symptoms include
42:electron micrograph
2497:EpsteinâBarr virus
2467:Respiratory system
2104:Burkitt's lymphoma
1296:. 14 February 2017
426:
409:
401:
310:
302:
228:within the family
2978:
2977:
2940:
2939:
2691:
2690:
2622:Influenza virus A
2539:Human coronavirus
2429:
2428:
2419:Herpes of the eye
1966:
1965:
1744:Taxon identifiers
1678:(15): 6808â6817.
1560:(18): 9773â9781.
1147:978-0-385-11256-7
1015:978-0-7817-6060-7
641:(6798): 893â897.
445:Sequence analysis
292:Replication cycle
258:immunosuppression
252:The virus causes
194:
193:
3005:
2704:
2703:
2699:digestive system
2616:Orthomyxoviridae
2582:SARS coronavirus
2568:MERS coronavirus
2484:
2483:
2296:Orthomyxoviridae
2219:
2218:
2185:Immune disorders
2109:Hodgkin lymphoma
2085:Kaposi's sarcoma
1993:
1986:
1979:
1970:
1969:
1959:
1958:
1946:
1945:
1933:
1932:
1920:
1919:
1907:
1906:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1851:
1850:
1838:
1837:
1825:
1824:
1812:
1811:
1799:
1798:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1714:
1713:
1703:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1646:
1621:(7): 4033â4042.
1602:
1596:
1595:
1585:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1528:
1503:(8): e00131-18.
1487:
1481:
1480:
1470:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1409:
1390:10.1172/JCI35454
1384:(7): 2448â2458.
1369:
1363:
1362:
1352:
1327:(6): 3033â3042.
1312:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1247:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1198:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1139:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1112:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1063:
1053:
1029:
1020:
1019:
1006:Fields' virology
1001:
992:
991:
981:
963:
961:10.3390/v8110308
939:
933:
932:
922:
904:
902:10.3390/v8090250
880:
874:
873:
855:
846:(6): 1431â1436.
827:
821:
820:
784:
778:
777:
771:
763:
746:
740:
739:
713:
689:
683:
682:
655:10.1038/35022579
630:
624:
623:
603:
597:
596:
594:
592:
577:
571:
570:
568:
566:
548:
533:epithelial cells
525:epithelial cells
218:, non-segmented
57:
56:
33:
19:
18:
16:Species of virus
3013:
3012:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2998:Morbilliviruses
2983:
2982:
2979:
2974:
2936:
2916:
2824:
2798:Gastroenteritis
2756:
2753:Gastroenteritis
2747:
2735:Cytomegalovirus
2698:
2687:
2655:Paramyxoviridae
2644:Avian influenza
2520:
2515:Cytomegalovirus
2479:viral pneumonia
2477:
2474:nasopharyngitis
2473:
2470:
2461:
2425:
2399:Cytomegalovirus
2384:
2338:
2226:
2213:
2206:
2179:
2046:Cervical cancer
2006:
1997:
1967:
1962:
1954:
1949:
1941:
1936:
1928:
1923:
1915:
1910:
1902:
1897:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1854:
1846:
1841:
1833:
1828:
1820:
1815:
1807:
1802:
1794:
1789:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1746:
1725:
1722:
1717:
1664:
1660:
1607:Duprex, W. Paul
1603:
1599:
1546:
1542:
1488:
1484:
1431:Duprex, W. Paul
1427:
1423:
1370:
1366:
1313:
1309:
1299:
1297:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1216:
1212:
1159:
1155:
1148:
1130:
1126:
1095:(12): 3355â65.
1081:
1077:
1030:
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1016:
1002:
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936:
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832:Duprex, W. Paul
828:
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574:
564:
562:
550:
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541:
521:SLAMF1 receptor
509:lymphoid organs
505:dendritic cells
493:
465:
437:
431:
414:
363:
315:
294:
250:
244:
231:Paramyxoviridae
185:
168:
140:Paramyxoviridae
128:Mononegavirales
104:Negarnaviricota
51:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3011:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2976:
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2435:Cardiovascular
2431:
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2259:
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2250:
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2214:nervous system
2208:
2207:
2205:
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2203:
2202:
2189:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2176:
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2106:
2101:
2089:
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2075:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2066:Vaginal cancer
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2022:
2016:
2014:
2008:
2007:
1996:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1973:
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1720:External links
1718:
1716:
1715:
1658:
1609:(April 2013).
1597:
1540:
1482:
1421:
1364:
1307:
1281:
1278:on 1 May 2014.
1259:
1210:
1153:
1146:
1124:
1075:
1021:
1014:
993:
934:
875:
822:
795:(9): 429â439.
779:
741:
704:(3): 135â142.
684:
625:
610:(in Chinese).
598:
572:
542:
540:
537:
492:
489:
481:vaccine strain
464:
461:
433:Main article:
430:
427:
413:
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367:negative sense
362:
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314:
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246:Main article:
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116:Monjiviricetes
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2667:Parainfluenza
2665:
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2503:EBV infection
2501:
2500:
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2359:Poliomyelitis
2357:
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2100:
2097:
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2090:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2061:Vulvar cancer
2059:
2057:
2056:Penile cancer
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1994:
1989:
1987:
1982:
1980:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1957:
1952:
1948:
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1939:
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1931:
1926:
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1729:Measles virus
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1173:(2): 98â106.
1172:
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587:
583:
576:
561:
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547:
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536:
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530:
526:
522:
518:
517:T lymphocytes
514:
510:
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478:
473:
470:
460:
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450:
446:
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405:
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379:
375:
371:
368:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
323:hemagglutinin
320:
319:glycoproteins
306:
298:
289:
287:
283:
279:
278:maculopapular
275:
274:inflamed eyes
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
249:
239:
237:
233:
232:
227:
226:
225:Morbillivirus
222:of the genus
221:
217:
213:
209:
208:
203:
199:
198:measles virus
190:
188:
183:
182:Measles virus
178:
175:
171:
167:
166:
161:
158:
157:
154:
153:
152:Morbillivirus
149:
146:
145:
142:
141:
137:
134:
133:
130:
129:
125:
122:
121:
118:
117:
113:
110:
109:
106:
105:
101:
98:
97:
94:
93:
92:Orthornavirae
89:
86:
85:
82:
81:
77:
74:
71:
70:
67:
64:
61:
60:
55:
50:
46:
43:
40:
36:
32:
27:
24:
20:
2980:
2960:
2953:
2929:
2922:Pancreatitis
2904:
2892:
2880:
2868:
2861:
2842:
2817:
2810:
2803:
2791:
2770:
2733:
2719:
2680:
2673:
2659:
2653:
2620:
2614:
2594:
2580:
2566:
2537:
2513:
2495:
2450:Pericarditis
2442:
2411:
2397:
2370:
2351:
2309:
2294:
2275:
2261:
2240:
2223:Encephalitis
2192:
2165:
2146:
2125:
2091:
2077:
2038:
2024:
1859:
1751:
1728:
1675:
1671:
1661:
1618:
1614:
1600:
1557:
1553:
1543:
1500:
1496:
1485:
1442:
1438:
1424:
1381:
1377:
1367:
1324:
1320:
1310:
1300:11 September
1298:. Retrieved
1284:
1276:the original
1271:
1262:
1227:
1223:
1213:
1170:
1167:J. Mol. Evol
1166:
1156:
1135:
1127:
1092:
1088:
1078:
1041:
1037:
1005:
951:
947:
937:
892:
888:
878:
843:
839:
825:
792:
788:
782:
751:
744:
701:
697:
687:
638:
634:
628:
611:
607:
601:
589:. Retrieved
585:
575:
563:. Retrieved
559:
553:
546:
494:
485:
474:
466:
453:
438:
415:
364:
316:
282:erythematous
251:
229:
223:
206:
205:
201:
197:
195:
186:
181:
180:
164:
163:
151:
139:
127:
115:
103:
91:
79:
72:
62:(unranked):
38:
22:
2819:Coronavirus
2560:Common cold
2472:acute viral
2455:Myocarditis
2299:(probable)
2051:Anal cancer
1884:Wikispecies
1776:Wikispecies
954:(11): 308.
591:28 December
501:macrophages
286:Koplik spot
2987:Categories
2946:Urogenital
2812:Astrovirus
2772:Adenovirus
2596:SARS-CoV-2
2353:Poliovirus
2228:meningitis
895:(9): 250.
614:(1): 1â9.
565:15 January
539:References
441:rinderpest
382:translated
349:and/or of
270:runny nose
2857:RNA virus
2838:DNA virus
2830:Hepatitis
2805:Norovirus
2793:Rotavirus
2787:RNA virus
2766:DNA virus
2712:Esophagus
2640:Influenza
2526:RNA virus
2488:DNA virus
2257:RNA virus
2236:DNA virus
2142:RNA virus
2020:DNA virus
2012:Oncovirus
1875:Q29004629
1692:0022-538X
1635:0022-538X
1574:0022-538X
1517:0022-538X
1459:2379-5042
1398:0021-9738
1341:0022-538X
1268:"Measles"
970:1999-4915
911:1999-4915
862:0022-1317
809:0966-842X
768:cite book
760:806252697
720:0385-5600
663:0028-0836
519:also via
491:Infection
463:Genotypes
429:Evolution
386:ribosomes
220:RNA virus
216:enveloped
159:Species:
87:Kingdom:
80:Riboviria
2955:BK virus
2758:diarrhea
2602:COVID-19
2344:Myelitis
1943:11460251
1930:10245500
1917:46700145
1869:Wikidata
1835:11460251
1822:10245500
1809:46700145
1761:Wikidata
1710:27194761
1653:23365435
1592:22761368
1535:29437964
1477:29743202
1416:18568079
1359:20042501
1254:29599155
1205:18217182
1119:21705379
1070:20202190
1038:Virol. J
988:27854326
929:27657109
870:12029158
817:22721863
736:30651799
728:12008921
671:10972291
620:23631113
529:nectin-4
477:serotype
384:by host
325:(H) and
174:Synonyms
135:Family:
99:Phylum:
2993:Measles
2708:Pharynx
2212:Central
1767:Q573943
1701:4944272
1644:3624209
1583:3446594
1526:5874404
1468:5956143
1439:mSphere
1407:2430500
1350:2826031
1245:5876482
1196:3334863
1175:Bibcode
1110:3247791
1061:2838858
979:5127022
948:Viruses
920:5035964
889:Viruses
679:4409405
643:Bibcode
513:B cells
254:measles
248:Measles
242:Disease
236:measles
210:, is a
147:Genus:
123:Order:
111:Class:
2372:HTLV-I
2317:Rabies
2167:HTLV-I
1708:
1698:
1690:
1651:
1641:
1633:
1590:
1580:
1572:
1533:
1523:
1515:
1475:
1465:
1457:
1414:
1404:
1396:
1357:
1347:
1339:
1252:
1242:
1230:(13).
1203:
1193:
1144:
1117:
1107:
1068:
1058:
1044:: 52.
1012:
986:
976:
968:
927:
917:
909:
868:
860:
815:
807:
758:
734:
726:
718:
677:
669:
661:
635:Nature
618:
469:clades
378:virion
343:Nectin
339:SLAMF1
333:, the
189:(MeV)
2968:Mumps
2727:Mumps
2697:Human
2127:MCPyV
1956:11234
1938:IRMNG
1904:3YJMB
1848:11234
1830:IRMNG
1796:3YJMB
1445:(3).
732:S2CID
675:S2CID
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