600:), searching MEDLINE effectively is a learned skill; untrained users are sometimes frustrated with the large numbers of articles returned by simple searches. Counterintuitively, a search that returns thousands of articles is not guaranteed to be comprehensive. Unlike using a typical Internet search engine, PubMed searching MEDLINE requires a little investment of time. Using the MeSH database to define the subject of interest is one of the most useful ways to improve the quality of a search. Using MeSH terms in conjunction with limits (such as publication date or publication type), qualifiers (such as adverse effects or prevention and control), and text-word searching is another. Finding one article on the subject and clicking on the "Related Articles" link to get a collection of similarly classified articles can expand a search that otherwise yields few results.
356:
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distant medical libraries) at one time. However, this system remained primarily in the hands of libraries, with researchers able to submit pre-programmed search tasks to librarians and obtain results on printouts, but rarely able to interact with the NLM computer output in real-time. This situation continued through the beginning of the 1990s and the rise of the
523:
within the main index. The database is freely accessible on the
Internet via the PubMed interface, and new citations are added Tuesday through Saturday. For citations added during 1995-2003, about 48% are for cited articles published in the U.S., about 88% are published in English, and about 76% have English abstracts written by authors of the articles.
577:
and quality of a journal. The
Journals Database (one of the Entrez databases) contains information, such as its name abbreviation and publisher, about all journals included in Entrez, including PubMed. Journals that no longer meet the criteria are removed. Being indexed in MEDLINE gives a non-predatory identity to a journal.
576:
More than 5,200 biomedical journals are indexed in MEDLINE. New journals are not included automatically or immediately. Several criteria for selection are applied. Selection is based on the recommendations of a panel, the
Literature Selection Technical Review Committee, based on the scientific scope
489:
MEDLARS cost $ 3 million to develop, and at the time of its completion in 1964, no other publicly available, fully operational electronic storage and retrieval system of its magnitude existed. The original computer configuration operated from 1964 until its replacement by MEDLARS II in
January 1975.
539:
combining MeSH terms, words in the abstract and title of the article, author names, date of publication, etc. Entrez and PubMed can also find articles similar to a given one based on a mathematical scoring system that takes into account the similarity of word content of the abstracts and titles of
522:
In May 2022, the database contained more than 34 million records from 5,639 selected publications covering biomedicine and health from 1781 to the present. Originally, the database covered articles starting from 1965, but this has been enhanced, and records as far back as 1781 are now available
498:
In late 1971, an online version called MEDLINE ("MEDLARS Online") became available as a way to do online searching of MEDLARS from remote medical libraries. This early system covered 239 journals and boasted that it could support as many as 25 simultaneous online users (remotely logged in from
567:
articles published presently build on extensive searches of MEDLINE to identify articles that might be useful in the review. MEDLINE influences researchers in their choice of journals in which to publish.
458:, a monthly guide to medical articles in thousands of journals. The huge volume of bibliographic citations was manually compiled. In 1957 the staff of the NLM started to plan the mechanization of the
798:
1291:
585:
PubMed usage has been on the rise since 2008. In 2011, PubMed/MEDLINE was searched 1.8 billion times, up from 1.6 billion searches in the previous year.
198:; a small number of newspapers, magazines, and newsletters; over 40% are for cited articles published in the U.S., about 93% are published in English
486:
will be ready to emerge from the system at the end of this year. It may be that this will mark the beginning of a new era in medical bibliography."
922:
1296:
745:
311:
543:
MEDLINE added a "publication type" term for "randomized controlled trial" in 1991 and a MESH subset "systematic review" in 2001.
805:
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Institute of
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420:
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439:
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in 1964 and was the first large-scale, computer-based, retrospective search service available to the general public.
392:
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with power and comprehensiveness. In keeping with the fact that MEDLINE's primary user community is professionals (
466:
but also to produce subsidiary products. By 1960 a detailed specification was prepared, and by the spring of 1961,
535:(MeSH) for information retrieval. Engines designed to search MEDLINE (such as Entrez and PubMed) generally use a
399:
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514:, was offered to the general online user in June 1997, when MEDLINE searches via the Web were demonstrated.
339:
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Rapp, Barbara A. 2008. "Excellence in
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1301:
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611:; thus, although such users are still free to search and read the medical literature themselves (via
267:
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482:(Director of the NLM 1949 to 1963) said at the time, "..If all goes well, the January 1964 issue of
388:
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were sent out to 72 companies to develop the system. As a result, a contract was awarded to the
264:
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775:
742:
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it into something comprehensible and practically applicable for patients and family members.
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8:
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MEDLARS (Medical
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874:"PubMed related articles: a probabilistic topic-based model for content similarity"
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681:
478:
computer, which was to run MEDLARS, was delivered to the NLM in March 1963, and
924:
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608:
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507:
292:
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510:, a free public version of MEDLINE was deployed. This system, called
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an alternative interface to the PubMed medical literature database.
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1195:"Research Guides: Predatory Publishing: MEDLINE vs. PubMed"
929:
Complementary and
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452:
Since 1879, the
National Library of Medicine has published
128:
322:
and NLM's
National Center for Biotechnology Information's
1220:"MGH Guides: Scholarly Communication: Predatory Journals"
62:
40 languages for current journals, 60 for older journals
799:"Internet Access to the National Library of Medicine"
774:
US Congress, Office of Technology Assessment (1982),
741:
Miles, Wyndham. The History of the NLM: Chapter 20 –
559:
and a number of other databases, MEDLINE facilitates
975:. Cochrane Library, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2020
1136:"Predatory journals: The dark side of publications"
380:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
345:
186:NLM Medical subject headings, abstracts, indexing
127:, history of medicine, health services research,
46:U.S. National Library of Medicine (United States)
1278:
950:. US National Library of Medicine. 10 April 2019
295:. MEDLINE also covers much of the literature in
1082:
588:A service such as MEDLINE strives to balance
1133:
999:"How to read a paper: The Medline database"
707:Bulletin of the Medical Library Association
1292:United States National Library of Medicine
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314:(NLM), MEDLINE is freely available on the
312:United States National Library of Medicine
1169:
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1030:
899:
889:
872:Lin, Jimmy; Wilbur, W John (2007-10-30).
871:
718:
674:
663:– an open-source biomedical search engine
440:Learn how and when to remove this message
338:retrieval system. It was launched by the
992:
990:
884:. BMC Bioinformatics (2007) 8:423: 423.
743:Evolution of Computerized Bibliographies
571:
555:from all over the world. Along with the
225:Daily; 2,000-4,000 references per update
962:
935:
788:
14:
1279:
1069:"MEDLINE Journal Selection Fact Sheet"
948:"MEDLINE: Description of the Database"
700:
1108:
987:
776:MEDLARS and Health Information Policy
378:adding citations to reliable sources
349:
1297:Bibliographic databases and indexes
925:"State of Emerging Evidence on CAM"
27:Biomedical bibliographical database
24:
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1323:
1261:
1217:
973:"How Cochrane Central is created"
615:), they also have some help with
493:
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931:. National Academies Press (US).
354:
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1211:
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1140:Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
1127:
1102:
1061:
1055:"Journal Selection for MEDLINE"
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997:Greenhalgh, T. (19 July 1997).
916:
365:needs additional citations for
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844:
823:
768:
755:
735:
694:
346:Initial development of MEDLARS
211:
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667:
546:
703:"The Development of MEDLARS"
526:
340:National Library of Medicine
303:, as well as fields such as
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682:"Milestones in NLM History"
622:
517:
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1244:"Key MEDLINE® Indicators"
1224:libguides.massgeneral.org
833:. NLM Systems. 2022-05-08
476:Minneapolis-Honeywell 800
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163:, environmental science,
161:health policy development
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831:"Pubmed all[sb]"
580:
533:Medical Subject Headings
472:General Electric Company
32:Medline (disambiguation)
1312:Public domain databases
1153:10.4103/ijo.IJO_1053_22
891:10.1186/1471-2105-8-423
561:evidence-based medicine
1199:guides.library.uab.edu
701:Rogers, F. B. (1964).
265:bibliographic database
145:complementary medicine
598:health care providers
572:Inclusion of journals
468:request for proposals
1287:Biological databases
480:Frank Bradway Rogers
374:improve this article
137:environmental health
30:For other uses, see
318:and searchable via
305:molecular evolution
289:veterinary medicine
149:behavioral sciences
121:molecular evolution
105:veterinary medicine
39:
878:BMC Bioinformatics
811:on 2 November 2013
748:2012-10-17 at the
594:medical scientists
537:Boolean expression
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1302:Medical databases
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1115:libguides.usc.edu
1009:(7101): 180–183.
854:. NLM. 2013-07-09
565:systematic review
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269:academic journals
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203:Temporal coverage
196:academic journals
153:chemical sciences
141:molecular biology
16:(Redirected from
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1270:Official website
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367:verification
364:
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301:biochemistry
260:
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206:1946–present
183:Record depth
117:biochemistry
54:1879–present
609:MedlinePlus
293:health care
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109:health care
85:Disciplines
1281:Categories
1250:2012-03-20
1229:2022-12-31
1204:2022-12-31
1120:2022-12-28
1095:2009-09-06
1075:2009-04-13
979:1 February
954:1 February
858:2013-11-05
837:2016-05-08
687:2009-09-06
668:References
547:Importance
430:April 2019
400:newspapers
214:of records
177:biophysics
133:toxicology
1162:1998-3689
1023:0959-8138
605:lay users
590:usability
527:Retrieval
389:"MEDLINE"
285:dentistry
271:covering
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59:Languages
1180:35918993
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746:Archived
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656:Medscape
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617:curating
518:Database
326:system.
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320:PubMed
291:, and
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809:(PDF)
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581:Usage
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407:books
252:.html
230:Links
169:plant
1176:PMID
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1019:ISSN
981:2020
956:2020
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817:2016
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299:and
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