32:
60:
501:
and films are obtained 1, 3, and 5 days later. Patients with colonic inertia show the marker spread throughout the large intestines, while patients with outlet obstruction exhibit slow accumulations of markers in some places. A
1241:
1226:
625:
305:
in its walls, also known as ganglion cells, are absent. It is a rare disorder (1:5000), with prevalence among males being four times that of females. Hirschsprung's disease develops in the
438:
tone of the wall and subsequent gradual dilation. His research proved that, by extensively quantifying the number of neurons of the autonomic nervous system in the
Auerbach's plexus, that:
497:
imaging. Colonic marker transit studies are useful to distinguish colonic inertia from functional outlet obstruction causes. In this test, the patient swallows a water-soluble bolus of
2152:
370:(CMV) colitis is the leading cause of toxic megacolon and emergency laparotomy. CMV may also increase the risk of toxic megacolon in non-HIV/AIDS patients with IBD.
321:
at an ultraconserved region impairs functionality of the W276C receptor. Seven other genes seem to be implicated, however. If untreated, the patient can develop
1330:
396:. Chagas disease can also be acquired congenitally, through blood transfusion or organ transplant, and rarely through contaminated food (for example
1834:
954:
970:"The pathogenicity of cytomegalovirus in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and evidence-based recommendations for future research"
194:
are sometimes observed in chronic megacolon, which may lead to perforation of the intestinal wall in approximately 3% of the cases, leading to
1429:
510:
may help to differentiate acquired from congenital forms. Rectal biopsy is recommended to make a final diagnosis of
Hirschsprung disease.
1468:
2618:
1323:
1696:
671:
1608:
1348:
630:
462:
idiopathic megacolon and Chagas megacolon appear to have the same cause, namely the degeneration of the myenteric plexus.
1909:
1316:
249:
2581:
2428:
2326:
2467:
2079:
2062:
1567:
1562:
1439:
2321:
2277:
2171:
1993:
1592:
2532:
2378:
2287:
1806:
1414:
912:
552:
Disimpaction of feces and decompression using anorectal and nasogastric tubes are used to treat megacolon.
470:
causes the destruction, however, remains to be determined. There is evidence for the presence of specific
1501:
651:
1867:
1796:
1397:
352:
2140:
2096:
2049:
1855:
1473:
452:(muscular annular contraction) in those parts where a strong force is necessary to impel the luminal
290:
59:
2623:
2486:
2166:
1801:
1759:
1572:
1447:
1434:
1404:
1375:
1256:
431:
344:
245:
2411:
2188:
1929:
1721:
1380:
2491:
2215:
2198:
1582:
1458:
1409:
1370:
1340:
448:
these pathologies appeared as a result of the disruption of the neurally integrated control of
2423:
2342:
2331:
2292:
2220:
1523:
948:
2462:
2406:
2227:
2123:
1706:
1701:
1535:
1453:
1419:
586:
570:
359:). Its mechanism is incompletely understood. It is probably due to excessive production of
734:
430:
in the walls of the intestinal tracts of Chagas patients. In this, the destruction of the
8:
2556:
2366:
2259:
2242:
2203:
2176:
2128:
1971:
1948:
1941:
1890:
1862:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1691:
1308:
1245:
507:
498:
187:
31:
2568:
2433:
2416:
2401:
2388:
2371:
2237:
1872:
1764:
1736:
1670:
1496:
1392:
1357:
1171:
1146:
1120:
1043:
1018:
999:
856:
829:
774:
757:
663:
445:
megacolon appeared only when there was a reduction of over 80% of the number of neurons
356:
340:
139:
40:
1250:
830:"The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)"
718:
2546:
2527:
1900:
1267:
1176:
1112:
1048:
991:
986:
969:
936:
895:
861:
810:
779:
738:
667:
453:
384:
318:
255:
48:
1124:
1003:
2593:
2513:
2508:
2498:
2360:
2232:
2160:
1978:
1885:
1880:
1810:
1769:
1577:
1542:
1296:
1166:
1158:
1104:
1038:
1030:
981:
926:
913:
Sweeney AT, Malabanan AO, Blake MA, de las
Morenas A, Cachecho R, Melby JC (2000).
851:
843:
769:
730:
659:
527:
427:
409:
397:
363:, at least in ulcerative colitis. The prevalence is about the same for both sexes.
302:
268:
53:
1203:
419:
2551:
2481:
2347:
2282:
2247:
2118:
1983:
1919:
1821:
1740:
1731:
1681:
1621:
1506:
1483:
1261:
590:
574:
367:
334:
233:
191:
171:
135:
128:
73:
2588:
2503:
2057:
2030:
1895:
1830:
1826:
1716:
1686:
1272:
1066:
834:
650:
Washabau, Robert J. (2013-01-01), Washabau, Robert J.; Day, Michael J. (eds.),
533:
379:
260:
163:
1235:
1108:
697:
555:
When megacolon worsens and the conservative measures fail to restore transit,
2612:
2521:
2474:
2267:
2210:
2193:
2105:
1850:
1677:
1552:
1518:
1463:
880:
475:
435:
401:
322:
314:
1092:
968:
Hommes, DW; Sterringa, G; van
Deventer, SJ; Tytgat, GN; Weel, J (May 2004).
931:
914:
2396:
2308:
2181:
2084:
2035:
2020:
2015:
2011:
1924:
1749:
1665:
1557:
1547:
1513:
1162:
1116:
1052:
995:
940:
899:
865:
847:
798:
783:
742:
606:
393:
360:
348:
272:
151:
1180:
814:
2576:
2338:
2316:
2147:
2067:
1711:
1612:
1365:
1198:
566:
562:
539:
503:
490:
449:
416:
313:. A genetic predisposition to Hirschsprung's disease has been linked to
216:
183:
89:
81:
1218:
1034:
2352:
2025:
2003:
1648:
1587:
543:
494:
471:
298:
294:
227:
207:
116:
2302:
2272:
2135:
2113:
1966:
1791:
1653:
1643:
1530:
1491:
1424:
1291:
702:
594:
582:
486:
412:
405:
389:
310:
239:
179:
167:
123:(it is usually less than 9 cm), greater than 6.5 cm in the
85:
77:
581:
There are several surgical approaches to treat megacolon, such as a
536:
and other anti-inflammatory medications are used in toxic megacolon.
1936:
1914:
1626:
827:
523:
155:
131:. The transverse colon is usually less than 6 cm in diameter.
112:
97:
589:(ligation of the remaining ileum and rectum segments), or a total
1988:
1754:
1658:
1630:
967:
556:
159:
105:
224:
Acquired megacolon, of which there are several possible causes:
2454:
2072:
1958:
1230:
195:
124:
1144:
1904:
1634:
457:
306:
175:
120:
93:
506:
can also be used to rule out mechanical obstructive causes.
111:
A human colon is considered abnormally enlarged if it has a
565:
can also be used to treat megacolon by means of its direct
442:
neurons were strongly reduced all over the digestive tract;
1338:
915:"Megacolon as the presenting feature in pheochromocytoma"
400:). There are several theories on how megacolon (and also
1145:
Stabile G, Kamm MA, Hawley PR, Lennard-Jones JE (1991).
219:, an anti-psychotic medication, can result in megacolon.
434:
innervation of the colon leads to a loss of the normal
828:
Singer M, Deutschman CS, et al. (February 2016).
797:
Maull, K. I.; Kinning, W. K.; Kay, S. (January 1982).
96:
consolidate into hard masses inside the colon, called
351:
of the colon (and occasionally, in the other type of
84:
of the colon. The dilation is often accompanied by a
1208:
1147:"Colectomy for idiopathic megarectum and megacolon"
593:(removal of colon, sigmoid and rectum) followed by
92:movements of the bowel. In more extreme cases, the
719:"CT evaluation of the colon: inflammatory disease"
1019:"Enteromegaly and cardiomegaly in Chagas disease"
716:
278:Other neurologic, systemic and metabolic diseases
2610:
526:and bulking agents, as well as modifications in
142:. It can also be classified according to cause.
1090:
796:
542:are used for bacterial infections such as oral
658:, Saint Louis: W.B. Saunders, pp. 93–98,
585:(removal of the entire colon) with ileorectal
1324:
1430:Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction
953:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
878:
906:
692:
690:
688:
489:is achieved mainly by plain and contrasted
426:based on the documented destruction of the
1469:Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis
1331:
1317:
1016:
522:Stable cases are effectively treated with
127:region and greater than 8 cm for the
58:
30:
1170:
1042:
985:
930:
855:
773:
755:
712:
710:
685:
649:
284:
16:Abnormal dilation of the large intestine
1093:"Treatment of megacolon and megarectum"
717:Horton KM, Corl FM, Fishman EK (2000).
271:, possibly secondary to its presenting
2611:
2453:
1697:Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
1312:
1091:Szarka LA, Pemberton JH (July 2006).
735:10.1148/radiographics.20.2.g00mc15399
707:
597:or followed by ileoanal anastomosis.
145:
1071:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library
645:
643:
641:
639:
404:) develops in Chagas disease. The
13:
758:"Megacolon: a physiological study"
664:10.1016/b978-1-4160-3661-6.00010-9
656:Canine and Feline Gastroenterology
339:Toxic megacolon is mainly seen in
328:
14:
2635:
2582:Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
2429:Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
1191:
636:
378:Megacolon can be associated with
373:
154:of very long duration, abdominal
2619:Gastrointestinal tract disorders
2327:Secondary sclerosing cholangitis
1097:Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol
987:10.1097/00054725-200405000-00011
150:External signs and symptoms are
39:Toxic megacolon associated with
1568:Gastric antral vascular ectasia
1563:Portal hypertensive gastropathy
1440:Gastroesophageal reflux disease
1138:
1084:
1059:
1010:
961:
297:disorder of the colon in which
72:is an abnormal dilation of the
2322:Primary sclerosing cholangitis
2172:Hepatic veno-occlusive disease
1994:Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome
872:
821:
790:
749:
619:
569:action and its stimulation of
382:. Chagas disease is caused by
1:
2379:Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction
612:
518:Possible treatments include:
422:was the first to propose the
170:of hard fecal masses and, in
2288:Postcholecystectomy syndrome
1807:Intestinal pseudoobstruction
1415:Esophageal motility disorder
879:Lim DK, Mahendran R (2002).
631:Dorland's Medical Dictionary
513:
481:
7:
974:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
881:"Risperidone and megacolon"
652:"Chapter 10 - Constipation"
600:
366:In patients with HIV/AIDS,
309:during the early stages of
158:, abdominal tenderness and
10:
2640:
2273:Gallstone / Cholelithiasis
1797:Functional colonic disease
1593:Zollinger–Ellison syndrome
353:inflammatory bowel disease
332:
134:A megacolon can be either
2567:
2446:
2387:
2301:
2258:
2104:
2095:
2048:
2002:
1957:
1843:
1730:
1620:
1607:
1482:
1474:Acute esophageal necrosis
1356:
1347:
1282:
1212:
1109:10.1007/s11938-006-0016-5
47:
38:
29:
24:
1573:Gastric dumping syndrome
1448:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
1435:Diffuse esophageal spasm
1199:MedlinePlus Encyclopedia
548:Clostridioides difficile
474:as well as a disorderly
432:autonomic nervous system
345:pseudomembranous colitis
246:Clostridioides difficile
210:or aganglionic megacolon
201:
2189:Alcoholic liver disease
1722:Bile acid malabsorption
1666:Peptic (duodenal) ulcer
932:10.1210/jcem.85.11.6947
919:J Clin Endocrinol Metab
238:Megacolon secondary to
76:(also called the large
2199:Hepatic encephalopathy
1583:Buried bumper syndrome
1514:Peptic (gastric) ulcer
1398:Mallory–Weiss syndrome
1341:human digestive system
1163:10.1136/gut.32.12.1538
848:10.1001/jama.2016.0287
799:"Stercoral ulceration"
291:Hirschsprung's disease
2424:Pancreatic pseudocyst
2293:Porcelain gallbladder
1405:Zenker's diverticulum
424:neurogenic hypothesis
285:Aganglionic megacolon
115:greater than 12
104:), which can require
2228:Hepatorenal syndrome
2167:Budd–Chiari syndrome
2124:Autoimmune hepatitis
1949:Intestinal adhesions
1707:Short bowel syndrome
1536:Functional dyspepsia
1454:Esophageal stricture
1420:Nutcracker esophagus
803:The American Surgeon
573:which bring about a
571:muscarinic receptors
2367:Choledocholithiasis
2238:Metabolic disorders
2204:Acute liver failure
2177:Portal hypertension
2129:Alcoholic hepatitis
1972:Radiation proctitis
1891:Mesenteric ischemia
1863:Gastroenterocolitis
1692:Blind loop syndrome
1502:Ménétrier's disease
1410:Barrett's esophagus
1035:10.1136/gut.4.4.399
1017:Koeberle F (1963).
508:Anorectal manometry
499:radiocontrast agent
392:transmitted by the
198:and risk of death.
2542:Undefined location
2533:Grynfeltt–Lesshaft
2434:Pancreatic fistula
2417:Pancreatic abscess
2372:Biliary dyskinesia
2343:Mirizzi's syndrome
1844:Large and/or small
1524:Dieulafoy's lesion
1393:Boerhaave syndrome
1283:External resources
756:Porter NH (1961).
698:Megacolon, Chronic
341:ulcerative colitis
146:Signs and symptoms
41:ulcerative colitis
2606:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2442:
2441:
2044:
2043:
1901:Bowel obstruction
1603:
1602:
1306:
1305:
762:Proc. R. Soc. Med
673:978-1-4160-3661-6
559:may be necessary.
530:and stool habits.
385:Trypanosoma cruzi
319:missense mutation
256:Trypanosoma cruzi
80:). This leads to
67:
66:
19:Medical condition
2631:
2594:Pneumoperitoneum
2451:
2450:
2361:Common bile duct
2243:Wilson's disease
2233:Peliosis hepatis
2102:
2101:
1979:Proctalgia fugax
1886:Abdominal angina
1811:Ogilvie syndrome
1760:Pseudomembranous
1618:
1617:
1578:Gastric volvulus
1543:Pyloric stenosis
1354:
1353:
1339:Diseases of the
1333:
1326:
1319:
1310:
1309:
1210:
1209:
1185:
1184:
1174:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1046:
1014:
1008:
1007:
989:
965:
959:
958:
952:
944:
934:
910:
904:
903:
885:
876:
870:
869:
859:
825:
819:
818:
794:
788:
787:
777:
753:
747:
746:
714:
705:
694:
683:
682:
681:
680:
647:
634:
623:
428:myenteric plexus
303:myenteric plexus
269:Pheochromocytoma
192:Stercoral ulcers
186:and may lead to
63:
62:
54:Gastroenterology
34:
22:
21:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2624:Large intestine
2609:
2608:
2607:
2598:
2563:
2552:Internal hernia
2438:
2383:
2348:Biliary fistula
2306:
2297:
2283:Adenomyomatosis
2278:Cholesterolosis
2254:
2248:Hemochromatosis
2119:Viral hepatitis
2091:
2040:
1998:
1984:Rectal prolapse
1953:
1920:Fecal impaction
1910:Intussusception
1873:Crohn's disease
1839:
1822:Toxic megacolon
1734:
1732:Large intestine
1726:
1671:Curling's ulcer
1624:
1622:Small intestine
1611:
1599:
1507:Gastroenteritis
1478:
1343:
1337:
1307:
1302:
1301:
1278:
1277:
1221:
1204:Toxic megacolon
1194:
1189:
1188:
1157:(12): 1538–40.
1143:
1139:
1129:
1127:
1089:
1085:
1075:
1073:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1015:
1011:
966:
962:
946:
945:
925:(11): 3968–72.
911:
907:
888:Singapore Med J
883:
877:
873:
826:
822:
795:
791:
754:
750:
715:
708:
695:
686:
678:
676:
674:
648:
637:
624:
620:
615:
603:
591:proctocolectomy
575:parasympathetic
534:Corticosteroids
516:
484:
388:, a flagellate
376:
368:cytomegalovirus
357:Crohn's disease
337:
335:Toxic megacolon
331:
329:Toxic megacolon
287:
234:Toxic megacolon
204:
172:toxic megacolon
148:
129:ascending colon
108:to be removed.
57:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2637:
2627:
2626:
2621:
2604:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2589:Hemoperitoneum
2586:
2585:
2584:
2573:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2459:
2457:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2393:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2313:
2311:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2264:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2191:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2110:
2108:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2060:
2058:Blood in stool
2054:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2031:Anal dysplasia
2028:
2023:
2018:
2008:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1963:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1934:
1933:
1932:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1898:
1896:Angiodysplasia
1893:
1888:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1865:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1831:Diverticulosis
1827:Diverticulitis
1824:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1804:
1794:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1752:
1746:
1744:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1717:Milroy disease
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1687:Tropical sprue
1684:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1640:
1638:
1615:
1609:Lower GI tract
1605:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1488:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1362:
1360:
1351:
1349:Upper GI tract
1345:
1344:
1336:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1313:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1264:
1253:
1238:
1222:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1213:Classification
1207:
1206:
1193:
1192:External links
1190:
1187:
1186:
1137:
1083:
1058:
1029:(4): 399–405.
1009:
960:
905:
871:
820:
789:
748:
729:(2): 399–418.
706:
684:
672:
635:
617:
616:
614:
611:
610:
609:
602:
599:
579:
578:
560:
553:
550:
537:
531:
515:
512:
491:radiographical
483:
480:
464:
463:
460:
446:
443:
380:Chagas disease
375:
374:Chagas disease
372:
347:, two chronic
333:Main article:
330:
327:
286:
283:
282:
281:
280:
279:
276:
266:
265:
264:
261:Chagas disease
252:
236:
231:
222:
221:
220:
211:
203:
200:
164:abdominal pain
147:
144:
65:
64:
51:
45:
44:
36:
35:
27:
26:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2636:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2463:Diaphragmatic
2461:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2449:
2445:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2304:
2300:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2268:Cholecystitis
2266:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2211:Liver abscess
2209:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2194:Liver failure
2192:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1851:Enterocolitis
1849:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1729:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1678:Malabsorption
1676:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1553:Gastroparesis
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1519:Cushing ulcer
1517:
1516:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1464:Megaesophagus
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1334:
1329:
1327:
1322:
1320:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1298:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1141:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1103:(4): 343–50.
1102:
1098:
1094:
1087:
1072:
1068:
1062:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1013:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
988:
983:
980:(3): 245–50.
979:
975:
971:
964:
956:
950:
942:
938:
933:
928:
924:
920:
916:
909:
901:
897:
894:(10): 530–2.
893:
889:
882:
875:
867:
863:
858:
853:
849:
845:
842:(8): 801–10.
841:
837:
836:
831:
824:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
793:
785:
781:
776:
771:
767:
763:
759:
752:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
723:Radiographics
720:
713:
711:
704:
700:
699:
693:
691:
689:
675:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
646:
644:
642:
640:
633:
632:
627:
622:
618:
608:
605:
604:
598:
596:
592:
588:
584:
577:-like effect.
576:
572:
568:
564:
561:
558:
554:
551:
549:
545:
541:
538:
535:
532:
529:
525:
521:
520:
519:
511:
509:
505:
500:
496:
492:
488:
479:
477:
476:immune system
473:
469:
461:
459:
455:
451:
447:
444:
441:
440:
439:
437:
436:smooth muscle
433:
429:
425:
421:
420:Fritz Köberle
418:
414:
411:
407:
403:
402:megaesophagus
399:
395:
391:
387:
386:
381:
371:
369:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
349:inflammations
346:
342:
336:
326:
324:
323:enterocolitis
320:
316:
315:chromosome 13
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
277:
274:
270:
267:
262:
258:
257:
253:
251:
248:
247:
243:
242:
241:
237:
235:
232:
229:
226:
225:
223:
218:
215:
214:
212:
209:
206:
205:
199:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
143:
141:
137:
132:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
109:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
61:
55:
52:
50:
46:
42:
37:
33:
28:
23:
2541:
2520:
2397:Pancreatitis
2359:
2309:biliary tree
2182:Nutmeg liver
2159:
2085:Hematochezia
2036:Pruritus ani
2021:Anal abscess
2016:Anal fistula
2012:Anal fissure
1925:Constipation
1879:
1817:
1750:Appendicitis
1558:Gastroptosis
1548:Achlorhydria
1387:
1376:Eosinophilic
1290:
1266:
1255:
1240:
1225:
1197:
1154:
1150:
1140:
1128:. Retrieved
1100:
1096:
1086:
1074:. Retrieved
1070:
1061:
1026:
1022:
1012:
977:
973:
963:
949:cite journal
922:
918:
908:
891:
887:
874:
839:
833:
823:
809:(1): 20–24.
806:
802:
792:
765:
761:
751:
726:
722:
696:
677:, retrieved
655:
629:
621:
607:Dolichocolon
580:
547:
517:
485:
467:
465:
423:
394:assassin bug
383:
377:
365:
361:nitric oxide
338:
289:Also called
288:
273:constipation
254:
244:
178:, low blood
152:constipation
149:
133:
125:rectosigmoid
110:
101:
100:(literally,
69:
68:
2577:Peritonitis
2339:Cholestasis
2317:Cholangitis
2260:Gallbladder
2148:Fatty liver
2068:Hematemesis
2050:GI bleeding
1856:Necrotizing
1785:Lymphocytic
1780:Collagenous
1775:Microscopic
1712:Steatorrhea
1613:Enteropathy
1459:Inlet patch
1381:Herpetiform
1366:Esophagitis
1067:"Megacolon"
626:"megacolon"
587:anastomosis
567:cholinergic
563:Bethanechol
540:Antibiotics
504:colonoscopy
472:neurotoxins
450:peristalsis
417:pathologist
299:nerve cells
217:Risperidone
213:Medication
184:tachycardia
102:fecal tumor
90:peristaltic
82:hypertrophy
2613:Categories
2569:Peritoneal
2547:Incisional
2468:Congenital
2412:Hereditary
2389:Pancreatic
2353:Haemobilia
2026:Hemorrhoid
2004:Anal canal
1942:Infectious
1930:Functional
1765:Ulcerative
1649:Duodenitis
1588:Gastrinoma
1268:DiseasesDB
768:: 1043–7.
679:2020-12-21
613:References
544:vancomycin
495:ultrasound
478:reaction.
295:congenital
293:, it is a
228:Idiopathic
208:Congenital
2557:Richter's
2514:Spigelian
2509:Obturator
2499:Umbilical
2332:Ascending
2303:Bile duct
2136:Cirrhosis
2114:Hepatitis
2097:Accessory
1967:Proctitis
1818:Megacolon
1792:Dysentery
1702:Whipple's
1654:Jejunitis
1644:Enteritis
1531:Dyspepsia
1492:Gastritis
1425:Achalasia
1358:Esophagus
1292:eMedicine
1130:10 August
1076:10 August
703:eMedicine
595:ileostomy
583:colectomy
524:laxatives
514:Treatment
487:Diagnosis
482:Diagnosis
413:physician
410:Brazilian
390:protozoan
311:pregnancy
250:infection
240:infection
230:megacolon
180:potassium
168:palpation
98:fecalomas
86:paralysis
78:intestine
70:Megacolon
49:Specialty
25:Megacolon
2487:Indirect
2482:Inguinal
2216:Pyogenic
2161:Vascular
1937:Diarrhea
1915:Volvulus
1881:Vascular
1820: /
1809: /
1770:Ischemic
1737:Appendix
1627:Duodenum
1497:Atrophic
1371:Candidal
1297:med/1417
1125:38700601
1117:16836953
1053:14084752
1004:27341787
996:15290919
941:11095415
900:12587709
866:26903338
784:14488085
743:10715339
601:See also
468:T. cruzi
406:Austrian
317:where a
156:bloating
113:diameter
2528:Petit's
2504:Femoral
2407:Chronic
2221:Amoebic
1989:Anismus
1755:Colitis
1682:Coeliac
1659:Ileitis
1631:Jejunum
1484:Stomach
1388:Rupture
1262:D008531
1181:1773963
1172:1379258
1044:1413478
857:4968574
815:7065551
775:1870487
557:surgery
301:of the
160:tympany
140:chronic
119:in the
106:surgery
88:of the
2522:Lumbar
2492:Direct
2475:Hiatus
2455:Hernia
2307:Other
2073:Melena
1959:Rectum
1442:(GERD)
1179:
1169:
1123:
1115:
1051:
1041:
1002:
994:
939:
898:
864:
854:
813:
782:
772:
741:
670:
398:garapa
196:sepsis
56:
2447:Other
2402:Acute
2153:MASLD
2106:Liver
2080:Lower
2063:Upper
1905:Ileus
1741:Colon
1635:Ileum
1450:(LPR)
1273:32198
1251:564.7
1236:K59.3
1121:S2CID
1000:S2CID
884:(PDF)
458:feces
454:bolus
307:fetus
202:Cause
188:shock
176:fever
136:acute
121:cecum
94:feces
74:colon
1835:SCAD
1257:MeSH
1246:9-CM
1177:PMID
1132:2021
1113:PMID
1078:2021
1049:PMID
992:PMID
955:link
937:PMID
896:PMID
862:PMID
835:JAMA
811:PMID
780:PMID
739:PMID
668:ISBN
546:for
528:diet
493:and
466:Why
415:and
343:and
2141:PBC
1868:IBD
1802:IBS
1242:ICD
1227:ICD
1167:PMC
1159:doi
1151:Gut
1105:doi
1039:PMC
1031:doi
1023:Gut
982:doi
927:doi
852:PMC
844:doi
840:315
770:PMC
731:doi
701:at
660:doi
628:at
456:of
138:or
2615::
2305:/
1903::
1884::
1680::
1295::
1271::
1260::
1249::
1234::
1231:10
1202::
1175:.
1165:.
1155:32
1153:.
1149:.
1119:.
1111:.
1099:.
1095:.
1069:.
1047:.
1037:.
1025:.
1021:.
998:.
990:.
978:10
976:.
972:.
951:}}
947:{{
935:.
923:85
921:.
917:.
892:43
890:.
886:.
860:.
850:.
838:.
832:.
807:48
805:.
801:.
778:.
766:54
764:.
760:.
737:.
727:20
725:.
721:.
709:^
687:^
666:,
654:,
638:^
355:,
325:.
190:.
182:,
174:,
166:,
162:,
117:cm
2341:/
2014:/
1833:/
1829:/
1743:)
1739:/
1735:(
1637:)
1633:/
1629:/
1625:(
1332:e
1325:t
1318:v
1244:-
1229:-
1219:D
1183:.
1161::
1134:.
1107::
1101:9
1080:.
1055:.
1033::
1027:4
1006:.
984::
957:)
943:.
929::
902:.
868:.
846::
817:.
786:.
745:.
733::
662::
408:-
275:.
263:)
259:(
43:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
