2193:
614:
590:) in 1960, replacing the previous name for the unit, "cycles per second" (cps), along with its related multiples, primarily "kilocycles per second" (kc/s) and "megacycles per second" (Mc/s), and occasionally "kilomegacycles per second" (kMc/s). The term "cycles per second" was largely replaced by "hertz" by the 1970s.
64:
1199:
provides prefixes for are believed to occur naturally in the frequencies of the quantum-mechanical vibrations of massive particles, although these are not directly observable and must be inferred through other phenomena. By convention, these are typically not expressed in hertz, but in terms of the
841:, which is an electrical voltage that switches between low and high logic levels at regular intervals. As the hertz has become the primary unit of measurement accepted by the general populace to determine the performance of a CPU, many experts have criticized this approach, which they claim is an
1220:
contains characters for common SI units for frequency. These are intended for compatibility with East Asian character encodings, and not for use in new documents (which would be expected to use Latin letters, e.g. "MHz").
742:
being 400–790 THz. Electromagnetic radiation with frequencies in the low terahertz range (intermediate between those of the highest normally usable radio frequencies and long-wave infrared light) is often called
845:. Some processors use multiple clock cycles to perform a single operation, while others can perform multiple operations in a single cycle. For personal computers, CPU clock speeds have ranged from approximately
433:
and radioactivity all have the dimension T, of these only frequency is expressed using the unit hertz. Thus a disc rotating at 60 revolutions per minute (rpm) is said to have an angular velocity of 2
531:
602:
490:
1408:
Although hertz is often said to imply cycle per second (cps), the SI explicitly states that "cycle" and "cps" are not units in the SI, likely due to ambiguity in the terms.
1655:
Pellam, J. R.; Galt, J. K. (1946). "Ultrasonic
Propagation in Liquids: I. Application of Pulse Technique to Velocity and Absorption Measurements at 15 Megacycles".
800:
1730:
373:
means "one hundred periodic events occur per second", and so on. The unit may be applied to any periodic event—for example, a clock might be said to tick at
1827:
593:
In some usage, the "per second" was omitted, so that "megacycles" (Mc) was used as an abbreviation of "megacycles per second" (that is, megahertz (MHz)).
1417:"(d) The hertz is used only for periodic phenomena, and the becquerel (Bq) is used only for stochastic processes in activity referred to a radionuclide."
1701:
289:
719:
is often described by its frequency—the number of oscillations of the perpendicular electric and magnetic fields per second—expressed in hertz.
369:). One hertz (i.e. one per second) simply means "one periodic event occurs per second" (where the event being counted may be a complete cycle);
1845:
1836:
758:
For historical reasons, the frequencies of light and higher frequency electromagnetic radiation are more commonly specified in terms of their
1530:
1501:
1634:
2168:
583:
579:
1359:
722:
Radio frequency radiation is usually measured in kilohertz (kHz), megahertz (MHz), or gigahertz (GHz). with the latter known as
1589:
1369:
730:
is electromagnetic radiation that is even higher in frequency, and has frequencies in the range of tens of terahertz (THz,
309:-133 atom" and then adds: "It follows that the hyperfine splitting in the ground state of the caesium 133 atom is exactly
1884:
1607:
796:
346:." The dimension of the unit hertz is 1/time (T). Expressed in base SI units, the unit is the reciprocal second (1/s).
305:
periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the
1734:
2074:
249:
at which computers and other electronics are driven. The units are sometimes also used as a representation of the
1364:
893:
495:
2178:
1821:
1564:
128:
1893:
1339:
1196:
541:
195:
89:; that is, at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 flashes per second, respectively. The time between each flash – the
2222:
1705:
783:
are also described in Hertz. Current observations are conducted in the 30–7000 Hz range by laser
46:
1524:"SI Brochure: The International System of Units (SI) § Appendix 1. Decisions of the CGPM and the CIPM"
2217:
1465:
866:
716:
17:
656:
corresponds to a particular frequency. An infant's ear is able to perceive frequencies ranging from
463:
2132:
768:
2227:
2173:
1816:
881:
854:
818:
556:
becomes capitalised at the beginning of a sentence and in titles but is otherwise in lower case.
1877:
110:
35:
1854:
31:
1757:
1664:
624:
periodic phenomenon that may be analyzed in terms of frequency. Two cycles are illustrated.
438:
422:(also one per second) specifically refers to one radionuclide event per second on average.
223:
8:
2158:
1334:
792:
780:
744:
693:
389:
42:
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operating from 0.1–10 mHz (with some sensitivity from 10 μHz to 100 mHz), and
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1379:
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1213:
637:
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234:
1523:
1494:
811:
Further information on why frequency is a flawed speed indicator for computers:
548:
letter (Hz), but when written in full, it follows the rules for capitalisation of a
1680:
1672:
1344:
739:
575:
565:
426:
199:
418:(one per second) specifically refers to one cycle (or periodic event) per second,
1949:
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1201:
873:
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277:
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207:
1551:
2102:
2034:
1786:
1200:
equivalent energy, which is proportional to the frequency by the factor of the
877:
842:
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784:
571:
537:
219:
215:
174:
161:
1552:
NIST Guide to SI Units – 9 Rules and Style
Conventions for Spelling Unit Names
349:
In
English, "hertz" is also used as the plural form. As an SI unit, Hz can be
222:(1857–1894), the first person to provide conclusive proof of the existence of
2211:
2163:
2087:
2024:
2014:
1389:
763:
649:
617:
407:
350:
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227:
1611:
766:: for a more detailed treatment of this and the above frequency ranges, see
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2064:
2049:
2004:
1984:
1901:
834:
653:
238:
211:
169:
1979:
1934:
838:
735:
641:
574:(1857–1894), who made important scientific contributions to the study of
549:
246:
1495:"SI Brochure: The International System of Units (SI) § 2.3.1 Base units"
30:
This article is about the unit measure. For the car rental company, see
1685:
822:
759:
689:
685:
545:
393:
378:
1676:
230:: kilohertz (kHz), megahertz (MHz), gigahertz (GHz), terahertz (THz).
2044:
1959:
795:. Future space-based detectors are planned to fill in the gap, with
752:
723:
621:
606:
411:
191:
143:
69:
63:
1787:"The Unicode Standard 12.0 – CJK Compatibility ❰ Range: 3300—33FF ❱"
218:. It is used only in the case of periodic events. It is named after
1924:
1466:"SI Brochure: The International System of Units (SI) – 9th edition"
731:
645:
833:). This specification refers to the frequency of the CPU's master
613:
245:- and audio-related applications. It is also used to describe the
2112:
2097:
2039:
1969:
1964:
1914:
1217:
601:
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306:
288:
The hertz is defined as one per second for periodic events. The
2127:
2029:
1939:
1919:
1909:
203:
884:, also operate at various frequencies in the megahertz range.
233:
Some of the unit's most common uses are in the description of
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198:(SI), often described as being equivalent to one event (or
226:. For high frequencies, the unit is commonly expressed in
2092:
2019:
2009:
1633:
Cartwright, Rufus (March 1967). Beason, Robert G. (ed.).
1839:
Optical frequency standard based on a single trapped ion
41:"Hz" and "Megahertz" redirect here. For other uses, see
133:
1731:"Black Hole Sound Waves – Science Mission Directorate"
1244:
214:
is s, meaning that one hertz is one per second or the
117: ); that is, 2, 1 and 0.5 seconds, respectively.
498:
466:
1450:
American
Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
1725:
1723:
544:unit named for a person, its symbol starts with an
1781:
648:. Humans perceive the frequency of a sound as its
525:
484:
406:(1/s or s) in general or, in the specific case of
747:. Even higher frequencies exist, such as that of
2209:
1720:
1554:, National Institute of Standards and Technology
1529:(in British English and French) (9th ed.).
1500:(in British English and French) (9th ed.).
898:
290:International Committee for Weights and Measures
1460:
1458:
1429:are typically on the order of tens of terahertz
791:, and the nanohertz (1–1000 nHz) range by
1704:. Mmk.e-technik.tu-muenchen.de. Archived from
1699:
1238:
570:The hertz is named after the German physicist
353:; commonly used multiples are kHz (kilohertz,
1878:
1775:
1644:. Fawcett Publications, Inc. pp. 98–99.
1455:
711:
449:with the unit hertz and an angular velocity
2169:Historical definitions of the SI base units
755:, which can be measured in exahertz (EHz).
526:{\displaystyle f={\frac {\omega }{2\pi }}.}
1885:
1871:
1654:
1632:
584:General Conference on Weights and Measures
62:
1755:
1684:
1590:"SI brochure, Section 2.2.2, paragraph 6"
1557:
580:International Electrotechnical Commission
445:. The correspondence between a frequency
1857:Time and frequency Optical atomic clocks
1360:Normalized frequency (signal processing)
612:
600:
588:Conférence générale des poids et mesures
892:For examples of various multiples, see
292:defined the second as "the duration of
14:
2210:
1370:Orders of magnitude (rotational speed)
775:
692:and other physical vibrations such as
628:
1866:
1846:National Research Council of Canada:
1837:National Research Council of Canada:
1822:National Research Council of Canada:
907:
904:
582:(IEC) in 1935. It was adopted by the
1635:"Will Success Spoil Heinrich Hertz?"
1452:(3rd ed.), Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
821:(CPU) are labeled in terms of their
377:, or a human heart might be said to
210:whose formal expression in terms of
1700:Ernst Terhardt (20 February 2000).
1189:Common prefixed units are in bold.
24:
1817:SI Brochure: Unit of time (second)
578:. The name was established by the
68:Top to bottom: Lights flashing at
25:
2239:
1810:
1756:Asaravala, Amit (30 March 2004).
1733:. science.nasa.go. Archived from
2192:
2191:
1749:
1693:
1657:The Journal of Chemical Physics
1648:
1626:
1600:
1420:
1365:Orders of magnitude (frequency)
894:Orders of magnitude (frequency)
887:
596:
2179:System of units of measurement
1855:National Physical Laboratory:
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1516:
1487:
1442:
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1402:
485:{\displaystyle \omega =2\pi f}
13:
1:
1436:
1340:Bandwidth (signal processing)
1197:International System of Units
837:. This signal is nominally a
803:in the 0.1–10 Hz range.
283:
241:, particularly those used in
196:International System of Units
1892:
1195:Higher frequencies than the
843:easily manipulable benchmark
806:
7:
1842:(archived 23 December 2013)
1328:
1245:
900:SI multiples of hertz (Hz)
734:) to a few petahertz (PHz,
10:
2244:
1758:"Good Riddance, Gigahertz"
1702:"Dominant spectral region"
1207:
891:
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563:
559:
47:Megahertz (disambiguation)
40:
29:
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2073:
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1900:
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1188:
927:
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921:
918:
915:
912:
867:IBM Power microprocessors
717:Electromagnetic radiation
712:Electromagnetic radiation
536:The hertz is named after
167:
157:
149:
139:
127:
122:
61:
56:
2133:minute and second of arc
1610:. Iec.ch. Archived from
1395:
825:expressed in megahertz (
819:central processing units
769:Electromagnetic spectrum
672:can hear sounds between
268:is the photon's energy,
216:reciprocal of one second
2174:2019 revision of the SI
1851:(archived 27 June 2013)
1830:5 December 2021 at the
1642:Electronics Illustrated
880:connecting the CPU and
620:is an example of a non-
425:Even though frequency,
396:events is expressed in
1848:Optical frequency comb
625:
610:
609:with varying frequency
527:
486:
365:) and THz (terahertz,
272:is its frequency, and
36:Hertz (disambiguation)
34:. For other uses, see
1824:Cesium fountain clock
616:
604:
564:Further information:
528:
487:
439:frequency of rotation
224:electromagnetic waves
220:Heinrich Rudolf Hertz
32:Hertz Global Holdings
27:SI unit for frequency
2075:Other accepted units
793:pulsar timing arrays
496:
464:
97: – is given by
2159:Conversion of units
1669:1946JChPh..14..608P
1533:. 2019. p. 169
1504:. 2019. p. 130
1335:Alternating current
901:
849:in the late 1970s (
817:In computers, most
781:Gravitational waves
776:Gravitational waves
745:terahertz radiation
700:extends from a few
629:Sound and vibration
361:), GHz (gigahertz,
357:), MHz (megahertz,
123:General information
43:Hz (disambiguation)
2223:Units of frequency
1952:with special names
1783:Unicode Consortium
1596:on 1 October 2009.
899:
708:range and beyond.
626:
611:
523:
482:
437: rad/s and a
251:energy of a photon
235:periodic waveforms
206:. The hertz is an
2205:
2204:
2083:astronomical unit
1677:10.1063/1.1724072
1448:"hertz". (1992).
1427:Atomic vibrations
1380:Radian per second
1375:Periodic function
1355:Frequency changer
1214:CJK Compatibility
1193:
1192:
698:atomic vibrations
638:longitudinal wave
518:
431:angular frequency
399:reciprocal second
390:rate of aperiodic
190:) is the unit of
180:
179:
16:(Redirected from
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2218:SI derived units
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1718:
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1708:on 26 April 2012
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1565:"BIPM – Table 3"
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829:) or gigahertz (
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576:electromagnetism
566:Cycle per second
540:. As with every
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1663:(10): 608–614.
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878:front-side bus
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813:Megahertz myth
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668:; the average
640:, which is an
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404:inverse second
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2240:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2198:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2103:degree of arc
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1888:
1883:
1881:
1876:
1874:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1795:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1763:
1759:
1752:
1737:on 5 May 2021
1736:
1732:
1726:
1724:
1707:
1703:
1696:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1651:
1643:
1636:
1629:
1613:
1609:
1608:"IEC History"
1603:
1595:
1591:
1585:
1570:
1566:
1560:
1553:
1548:
1532:
1525:
1519:
1503:
1496:
1490:
1474:
1467:
1461:
1459:
1451:
1445:
1441:
1428:
1423:
1414:
1405:
1401:
1391:
1390:Sampling rate
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1311:
1296:
1281:
1266:
1251:
1247:
1235:SQUARE HERUTU
1224:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1215:
1205:
1203:
1198:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
995:
992:
989:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
971:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
951:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
931:
911:
905:Submultiples
903:
895:
885:
883:
879:
875:
870:
868:
860:
856:
852:
844:
840:
836:
824:
820:
814:
804:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
773:
771:
770:
765:
761:
756:
754:
750:
746:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
720:
718:
709:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
671:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
623:
619:
615:
608:
603:
594:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
567:
557:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
520:
514:
511:
507:
502:
499:
479:
476:
473:
470:
467:
460:
459:
458:
456:
452:
448:
440:
432:
428:
423:
413:
409:
408:radioactivity
405:
401:
400:
395:
391:
386:
380:
352:
347:
327:
308:
291:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
260: =
259:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
239:musical tones
236:
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
212:SI base units
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
176:
173:
171:
170:SI base units
166:
163:
160:
156:
152:
148:
145:
142:
138:
135:
132:
130:
126:
121:
116:
112:
106:
96:
92:
75:
71:
65:
60:
55:
52:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
2108:electronvolt
1989:
1856:
1847:
1838:
1823:
1797:. Retrieved
1793:
1777:
1765:. Retrieved
1761:
1751:
1739:. Retrieved
1735:the original
1710:. Retrieved
1706:the original
1695:
1660:
1656:
1650:
1641:
1628:
1616:. Retrieved
1612:the original
1602:
1594:the original
1584:
1572:. Retrieved
1559:
1547:
1535:. Retrieved
1518:
1506:. Retrieved
1489:
1477:. Retrieved
1472:
1449:
1444:
1422:
1413:
1404:
1211:
1194:
1184:quettahertz
1175:quectohertz
1062:
1057:
1038:
1033:
1014:
1009:
990:
985:
888:SI multiples
871:
835:clock signal
816:
779:
767:
757:
738:), with the
721:
715:
654:musical note
632:
597:Applications
592:
587:
569:
553:
535:
450:
446:
424:
403:
397:
387:
348:
325:
287:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
247:clock speeds
232:
187:
183:
181:
140:Unit of
114:
104:
94:
90:
73:
51:
1794:Unicode.org
1686:1721.1/5042
1178:10 Hz
1169:10 Hz
1164:ronnahertz
1158:10 Hz
1155:rontohertz
1149:10 Hz
1144:yottahertz
1138:10 Hz
1135:yoctohertz
1129:10 Hz
1124:zettahertz
1118:10 Hz
1115:zeptohertz
1109:10 Hz
1098:10 Hz
1089:10 Hz
1078:10 Hz
1075:femtohertz
1069:10 Hz
1054:10 Hz
1045:10 Hz
1030:10 Hz
1021:10 Hz
1006:10 Hz
1003:microhertz
997:10 Hz
982:10 Hz
979:millihertz
973:10 Hz
968:hectohertz
962:10 Hz
959:centihertz
953:10 Hz
942:10 Hz
933:10 Hz
882:northbridge
861:) to up to
839:square wave
760:wavelengths
736:ultraviolet
670:adult human
642:oscillation
618:A heartbeat
550:common noun
383:1.2 Hz
371:100 Hz
321: hertz
158:Named after
129:Unit system
87:2.0 Hz
83:1.0 Hz
78:0.5 Hz
70:frequencies
2212:Categories
1902:Base units
1574:24 October
1537:2 February
1508:2 February
1437:References
1322:SQUARE THZ
1307:SQUARE GHZ
1292:SQUARE MHZ
1277:SQUARE KHZ
1095:attohertz
1084:petahertz
1051:picohertz
1027:nanohertz
948:decahertz
939:decihertz
925:SI symbol
916:SI symbol
908:Multiples
863:6 GHz
847:1 MHz
823:clock rate
753:gamma rays
724:microwaves
702:femtohertz
690:infrasound
686:ultrasound
674:20 Hz
658:20 Hz
622:sinusoidal
546:upper case
414:. Whereas
412:becquerels
394:stochastic
367:10 Hz
363:10 Hz
359:10 Hz
355:10 Hz
284:Definition
253:, via the
111:reciprocal
2045:steradian
1960:becquerel
1618:6 January
1262:SQUARE HZ
1216:block in
1104:exahertz
1063:terahertz
1039:gigahertz
1015:megahertz
991:kilohertz
855:Commodore
807:Computers
706:terahertz
704:into the
694:molecular
607:sine wave
515:π
508:ω
477:π
468:ω
443:1 Hz
420:1 Bq
416:1 Hz
375:1 Hz
228:multiples
192:frequency
186:(symbol:
144:frequency
18:Megahertz
2197:Category
2152:See also
1925:kilogram
1894:SI units
1828:Archived
1785:(2019).
1767:28 April
1712:28 April
1479:7 August
1329:See also
1319:㎔
1304:㎓
1289:㎒
1274:㎑
1259:㎐
1232:㌹
872:Various
732:infrared
682: Hz
666: Hz
646:pressure
586:(CGPM) (
552:; i.e.,
351:prefixed
343: Hz
264:, where
2113:hectare
2098:decibel
2040:sievert
2035:siemens
1965:coulomb
1915:candela
1741:12 July
1665:Bibcode
1246:herutsu
1218:Unicode
1208:Unicode
652:. Each
560:History
455:radians
307:caesium
276:is the
194:in the
102:⁄
2128:minute
2088:dalton
2030:radian
2025:pascal
2015:newton
1940:second
1920:kelvin
1910:ampere
1799:24 May
1316:
1314:U+3394
1301:
1299:U+3393
1286:
1284:U+3392
1271:
1269:U+3391
1256:
1254:U+3390
1229:
1227:U+3339
922:Value
913:Value
801:DECIGO
749:X-rays
329:hfs Cs
204:second
202:) per
150:Symbol
93:
91:period
2143:tonne
2138:neper
2123:litre
2065:weber
2050:tesla
2005:lumen
2000:katal
1995:joule
1990:hertz
1985:henry
1975:farad
1930:metre
1790:(PDF)
1762:Wired
1638:(PDF)
1527:(PDF)
1498:(PDF)
1469:(PDF)
1396:Notes
1350:FLOPS
1324:(THz)
1309:(GHz)
1294:(MHz)
1279:(kHz)
945:daHz
928:Name
919:Name
851:Atari
787:like
728:Light
650:pitch
634:Sound
554:hertz
410:, in
243:radio
200:cycle
184:hertz
109:(the
57:hertz
2118:hour
2060:watt
2055:volt
1980:gray
1935:mole
1801:2019
1769:2012
1743:2017
1714:2012
1620:2021
1576:2012
1569:BIPM
1539:2021
1531:BIPM
1510:2021
1502:BIPM
1481:2022
1475:: 26
1473:BIPM
1385:Rate
1264:(Hz)
1212:The
1181:QHz
1172:qHz
1161:RHz
1152:rHz
1141:YHz
1132:yHz
1121:ZHz
1112:zHz
1101:EHz
1092:aHz
1081:PHz
1072:fHz
1048:pHz
1024:nHz
1000:μHz
976:mHz
965:hHz
956:cHz
936:dHz
797:LISA
789:LIGO
751:and
696:and
676:and
492:and
379:beat
237:and
182:The
85:and
45:and
2093:day
2020:ohm
2010:lux
1681:hdl
1673:doi
1240:ヘルツ
1058:THz
1034:GHz
1010:MHz
986:kHz
865:in
831:GHz
827:MHz
762:or
680:000
664:000
660:to
644:of
441:of
402:or
392:or
381:at
341:770
338:631
335:192
319:770
316:631
313:192
302:770
299:631
296:192
168:In
113:of
2214::
1792:.
1760:.
1722:^
1679:.
1671:.
1661:14
1659:.
1640:.
1567:.
1471:.
1457:^
1243:,
1204:.
869:.
857:,
853:,
772:.
726:.
688:,
678:16
662:20
605:A
542:SI
429:,
385:.
331:=
323:,
280:.
262:hν
188:Hz
153:Hz
134:SI
81:,
76:=
1886:e
1879:t
1872:v
1803:.
1771:.
1745:.
1716:.
1689:.
1683::
1675::
1667::
1622:.
1578:.
1541:.
1512:.
1483:.
1249:)
1237:(
896:.
521:.
512:2
503:=
500:f
480:f
474:2
471:=
451:ω
447:f
435:π
333:9
326:ν
311:9
294:9
274:h
270:ν
266:E
258:E
175:s
115:f
105:f
100:1
95:T
74:f
49:.
38:.
20:)
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