1695:
2194:"Lemtinga situacija susidarė 1919 m. Versalio taikos konferencijoje. Lenkijos atstovas R. Dmovskis ten pareiškė, kad Lietuva nepribrendo valstybingumui, ir reikalavo ją prijungti prie Lenkijos. Dmovskis su prancūzų atstovu Klemanso iškėlė Rytprūsių pasidalijimo klausimą. Jie siūlė Gumbinę su Įsrutimi prijungti prie Lenkijos, Karaliaučių paskelbti laisvu miestu, o likusią dalį atiduoti būsimai marionetinei, nuo Lenkijos priklausomai Lietuvai." English translation: "A fatal situation appeared in 1919 at the Versailles peace conference. The Polish representative Dmowski expressed that Lithuania is not ready for independence, and insisted on attaching Lithuania to Poland. Dmowski and French representative Clemenceau promoted the idea of a partition of East Prussia. They proposed to attach
1233:, signed by the Council of Ambassadors and Lithuania, the area was granted a separate parliament, two official languages, the capacity to raise its own taxes, charge custom duties, and manage its cultural and religious affairs, and was allowed a separate judicial system, separate citizenship, internal control of agriculture and forestry, as well as a separate social security system. The Council of Ambassadors accepted the resulting arrangement and confirmed the autonomy of the region within the Republic of Lithuania. On 8 May 1924, a further Convention on the Klaipėda region confirmed the annexation, and a resulting autonomy agreement was signed in Paris. In the Lithuanian-German Arbitration and Settlement Agreement (
93:
364:
339:
81:
2872:"Kai kurie ir iš nepriklausomos Lietuvos išvažiuoja į Vokietiją, nes čia ne visiems pavyksta atgauti žemę ir sodybas, miestuose ir miesteliuose turėtus gyvenamuosius namus. Vis dar yra net nebandomų sudrausminti piktavalių, kurie lietuvininkams siūlo "grįžti" į "faterliandą"." Tr.: Even some from independent Lithuanians emigrate to Germany, because not for all property is returned. There are still persons who propose for lietuvininks to "return" to "vaterland". The article is written in 1998 and represents situation in these years.
1680:
made up 21.5% in 1912, 32.6% in 1925, and 38.7% in 1932*). Foreign citizens might include some
Germans who opted for German citizenship instead of Lithuanian (although at the time the German government pressured local Germans to take Lithuanian citizenship so that German presence would remain). There were more Lithuanian speakers in the north of the region (Klaipėdos apskritis and Šilutės apskritis) than in the south (Pagėgių apskritis). Other locals included people of other nationalities who had citizenship in Lithuania, such as
1749:
108:
728:
3157:
3132:
3119:
2249:"dem Entschluß, das Memelgebiet von Deutschland abzutrennen, trug die antideutsche Einstellung des französischen Premiers, Georges Clemenceau, bei, der "die armen versklavten Litauer in Ostpreußen aus dem deutschen Joch" befreien wollte. Litauische Politiker haben diese antideutsche Haltung Clemenceaus später erfolgreich ausgenutzt und Forderungen, die für Litauen günstig waren, gestellt." Translation: "The resolution to separate the Memel Territory from Germany, the
412:
1947:
407:
3145:
3091:
3041:
3028:
1177:
798:
554:
3082:
3107:
3074:
3057:
2905:
1025:
2007:. In 1958, when emigration was allowed, the majority of the surviving population, both Germans and Prussian Lithuanians, emigrated to West Germany; this event was called a repatriation of Germans by the Lithuanian SSR. Today these formerly Lutheran territories are mostly inhabited by Lithuanians who are Catholic and by
1346:. As the years passed, claims were becoming more and more vocal about a re-integration into a resurgent Germany. It was only during the latter period that Lithuania then instituted a policy of "Lithuanization". This was met by even more opposition, as religious and regional differences slowly became insurmountable.
1110:
The Allied and associated Powers reject the suggestion that the cession of the district of Memel conflicts with the principles of nationality. The district in question has always been
Lithuanian; the majority of the populace is Lithuanian in origin and in speech and that fact the city of Memel itself
2765:
The strong lithuanization policy from
Lithuanian State gave the inverse effect, reflected by anti-Lithuanian dispositions among Germans and local Lietuvininkai people. The forms of Lithuanization policy were not acceptable for Klaipėda region local Lietuvininkai people. Having no other alternatives,
1803:
According to the treaty, the citizens of the Memel
Territory were allowed to choose their citizenship: either German or Lithuanian. 303 people or, counting family members, 585, asked for Lithuanian citizenship but only 20 requests were granted. Another term stated that persons who had settled in the
1792:
of the
Memelland. This proved to be the last of a series of bloodless annexations of territories separated from the German or Austrian Empire by the Treaty of Versailles, which had been perceived by many Germans as a humiliation. German forces seized the territory even before the official Lithuanian
1246:
Importantly, the annexation gave
Lithuania control of a year-round, ice-free Baltic port. Lithuania made full use of Klaipėda's port, modernizing and adapting it largely for its agricultural exports. The port reconstruction was certainly one of the larger long-term investment projects enacted by the
1250:
The inhabitants of the area were not given a choice on the ballot as to whether they wanted to be part of the
Lithuanian state or part of Germany. Since the pro-German political parties had an overall majority of more than 80% in all elections to the local parliament (see election statistics below)
2405:
Occupation is admitted by modern
Lithuanian historians: "Neue Untersuchungen machen es heute möglich, die tatsächliche Verteilung der Rollen auf die Schützen, die litauische Regierung und die Armee bei der Besetzung des Memegebietes offenzulegen." tr.: "New investigations make it possible today to
1718:
The authoritarian regime of
Smetona enforced a policy of discrimination and Lithuanisation: it sent administrators from Lithuania, and German teachers, officials, and priests were fired from jobs. Local inhabitants—both Germans and Prussian Lithuanians—were not accepted for state service in Memel
1679:
Overall, Prussian
Lithuanians were more rural than Germans; the number of Lithuanian speakers in the city of Klaipėda itself increased over time due to urbanization and migration from villages into cities and later also from remaining Lithuania (in the city of Klaipėda, Lithuanian-speaking people
1101:
including those whose mother-tongue is Lithuanian, have never desired a separation from Germany;...they have always proved themselves a loyal constituent part of the German community...moreover, Memel is an entirely German town...which has never in its whole history belonged to Lithuania or to
2253:
attitude of the French Prime Minister, Georges Clemenceau, who wanted to "free the poor enslaved Lithuanians in East Prussia from the German yoke". Lithuanian politicians later successfully took advantage of Clemenceau's anti-German attitude and made claims that were favorable for Lithuania."
1730:
Election results in Memel Territory were irritating for the authoritarian Smetona regime, and it attempted to "colonise" Memel Territory with Lithuanians. The Lithuanian settlements Jakai and Smeltė were built. The number of newcomers increased: in 1926 the number was 5,000, in 1939–30,000.
1055:. It is traditionally viewed by Lithuanians as expressing the desire of Lithuania Minor to unite with Lithuania, but the majority of Prussian Lithuanians did not want to join with Lithuania, and the Prussian Lithuanians, at 26.6% of the population, did not make up a majority of the region.
557:
Postage stamps of the Klaipėda Region in use 1920–1925. The upper stamp is French with overprint in German "MEMEL". The other stamps are Lithuanian, one with overprint in Lithuanian and in German, the other without. The latter one was issued especially for postal use in the Klaipėda
1357:
came to power. As the status of the Memel Territory was regulated by international treaties, the Memel Territory became an oasis of democracy in Lithuania. Lithuanian intelligentsia often held marriages in Memel/Klaipėda, since Memel Territory was the only place in Lithuania where
2030:
Although maintaining that the Memel Territory in 1939 was re-annexed by Germany and acknowledging that Lithuania itself was occupied in 1940 by the Soviets, Lithuania, after regaining independence on 11 March 1990, did not restore autonomy to the Memel Territory.
1978:
At the end of the war, the majority of the inhabitants had fled to the West to settle in Germany. Still, in 1945–46 there were around 35,000 local inhabitants, both Prussian Lithuanians and Germans. The government of the Lithuanian SSR sent agitators into the
1594:
A Lithuanian census carried out in the region in 1925 found its total population was 141,000. Declared language was used to classify the inhabitants, and on this basis 43.5 percent were German, 27.6 percent were Lithuanian, and 25.2 percent were "Klaipėdan"
1957:
After Nazi Germany took over the area in 1939, many Lithuanians and their organizations began leaving Memel and the surrounding area. Memel was quickly turned into a fortified naval base by the Germans. After the failure of the German invasion of the
1124:
and then subsequently accused of siding with Polish civilian and military representatives. As a result of this backlash, Odry left his post shortly after coming to Memel and handed the responsibility of the administration over to High Commissioner
1115:
Following the evacuation of German troops from Memel, the French took over the temporary military administration of the region on 15 February 1920, under the leadership of General Dominique Odry. This was supplemented by a civilian one headed by
1373:
in Kaunas can be presented as the first anti-Nazi trial in Europe. Three members of the organizations were sentenced to death, and their leaders imprisoned. Following political and economic pressure from Germany, most were later released.
1726:
Until 1938, no governor was appointed from local Prussian Lithuanians. This policy led the Prussian Lithuanian intelligentsia and some local Germans to organise a society in 1934 to oppose Lithuanian rule. This group was soon dismantled.
1039:(from 1871, part of the German Empire), having remained unchanged since the Treaty of Melno in 1422, became a matter of discussion following World War I as the newly independent states of Poland and Lithuania emerged. The separatist
1804:
Memel Territory during the occupation period from 1923 to 1939 should emigrate. About 8,900 Lithuanians did so. At the same time, Germany expelled about 1,300 local Memel and Lithuanian Jews and about 40 Prussian Lithuanians.
1983:
to make promises to former inhabitants that they could return and their property would be restored. In the period of 1945–50 about 8,000 persons were repatriated. Bilingual Lithuanian-German returners were viewed as Germans.
1316:
2881:
Algimantas P. Gureckas, Lithuania's Boundaries and Territorial Claims Between Lithuania and Neighboring States, New York Law School Journal of International and Comparative Law, 1991, Volume 12, Numbers 1 & 2, p.
723:
and ran southeasterly to the Neman. This border remained until 1918. After the Treaty of Melno was signed, many Lithuanians returned to northeastern Prussia, which became known as Lithuania Minor in the 16th century.
739:
ended in 1918, the Klaipėda Region was defined as a roughly triangular wedge, with the northern border being the Treaty of Melno border, the southern border following the Neman River, and on the west abutting the
1966:
and Memel was sealed. By October 1944, the inhabitants of the area, without ethnic distinction, had to make a decision whether to stay or leave. Nearly all of the population was evacuated from the approaching
1284:
580:
1111:
is in large parts German is no justification for maintaining the district under German sovereignty, particularly from the view of the fact that the port of Memel is the only sea outlet for Lithuania
1694:
744:. In 1923, fearing that the western powers would create a free state, Lithuanians took control of the region and, as part of larger regional negotiations, incorporated the region into the
1995:. People who remained in the former Memel territory were dismissed from their jobs. Families of notable local Lithuanians, who had opposed German parties before the war, were deported to
1263:, declared themselves "Memellanders/Klaipėdiškiai" in the official census (see below for demographic information) and did not want to belong to a Lithuanian national state due to strong
1159:
in Germany, and the French administration in Memel did not take any significant counteractive measures against the rebels. On 19 January, the territory was annexed by Lithuania, and the
1070:. The purpose was to give the lower part of the Neman River and its delta, which was located in Germany and called the Memel River, to Lithuania, as this would provide her access to the
2406:
reveal the actual distribution of roles between the Lithuanian Riflemen's Union, the Lithuanian Government and the Lithuanian Army in the case of the occupation of the Memel territory."
1763:
By late 1938, Lithuania had lost control of the situation in the Territory. In the early hours of 23 March 1939, after an oral ultimatum had caused a Lithuanian delegation to travel to
2015:
historically were concentrated in these regions, and some remain to this day. Only a few thousand are left. Their continued emigration is facilitated by the fact they are considered
627:
until a future date, when the people of these regions would be allowed to vote on whether the land would return to Germany or not. Today, the former Memel Territory is controlled by
1327:(at first F. Gregor, elected in 1927, succeeded by O. Obereiniger, elected by the regional synod in 1933). The Catholic parishes in the Klaipėda Region used to belong to the
1243:
agreed "as a sign of the friendly nature of their relations" to conclude, among other items, a border settlement agreement that included the status of the Memel Territory.
731:
Mother Tongues of East Prussia, according to the 1905 Census; Memelland is visible in the far north of East Prussia, with Lithuanian-speakers indicated by shades of green
1734:
Lithuania introduced a hard-line Lithuanisation campaign that led to even deeper antagonism between local Prussian Lithuanians, Memellanders, Germans and newcomers.
1369:
At the start of the 1930s, certain leaders and members of pro-Nazi organizations in the region were put on trial by Lithuania "for crimes of terrorism". The 1934–5
1823:
1874:
3267:
1886:
2057:
3247:
2070:
1898:
1129:. During the period of French administration, the idea of an independent state of Memelland grew in popularity among local inhabitants. The organisation
167:
1332:
1311:
congregations, the mostly Lutheran congregations (and a single Reformed one in Klaipėda) in the Klaipėda Region were disentangled from the old-Prussian
1910:
1251:
in the interwar period, there can be little doubt that such a referendum would have been in favour of Germany. In fact, the area had been annexed from
205:
193:
1904:
1868:
2236:
2202:
to Poland, Königsberg should be declared a free city, and the remaining part should be attached to Lithuania which would be controlled by Poland."
1120:
in 1921. The French Administration proved problematic, as they were accused by the Lithuanian population of siding too closely with the pro-German
1892:
107:
3000:
1267:
in the late 1800s. According to the Lithuanian point of view, Memellanders were viewed as Germanized Lithuanians who should be re-Lithuanized.
3232:
451:
3178:
2916:
1646:
1300:
776:
counties. The southern border established by the Treaty of Versailles defines the current international boundary between Lithuania and the
1137:, which later should return to Germany. It had 30,000 members, both ethnic Germans and Lithuanians, or about 21% of the total population.
2562:
1599:). Other sources give the interwar ethnic composition as 41.9 percent German, 27.1 percent Memeländisch, and 26.6 percent Lithuanian.
3262:
3227:
3222:
92:
2778:
2454:"Memellander/Klaipėdiškiai Identity and German-Lithuanian Relations in Lithuania Minor in the Nineteenth and Twentieth centuries"
1988:
1793:
ratification. The United Kingdom and France, as after the revolt of 1923, took no action. It was under these conditions that the
1089:
under the administration of the Council of Ambassadors, and French troops were sent for protection. The German delegation at the
3257:
1256:
1090:
888:
2348:
2130:
922:
Duchy of Prussia, a sovereign state in personal union with Brandenburg, a fief of the Holy Roman Empire (together also called
2576:
2113:
1151:
On 9 January 1923, three years after the Versailles Treaty had become effective, Lithuania occupied the territory during the
2891:
Marjorie M. Whiteman, ed., Digest of International Law, Department of State Publication 7737, 1964, Vol.3, p. 315 & 316.
2838:
1936:
1382:
The local parliament had 29 seats, one for every 5,000 inhabitants. Men and women over the age of 23 had the right to vote.
1296:
1121:
174:
2740:
2000:
761:
1779:
in exchange for a Lithuanian Free Zone for 99 years in the port of Memel, using the facilities erected in previous years.
1343:
231:
3252:
1194:
819:
2993:
2940:
2408:
2258:
1743:
903:
749:
2497:, Breslau: Marcus, 1930, (Abhandlungen aus dem Staats- und Verwaltungsrecht sowie aus dem Völkerrecht, No. 44), p. 82.
2220:
1216:
845:
2948:
2484:
According to the pre-war Lithuanian view, the Memellanders were Germanised Lithuanians who should be re-Lithuanised.
1800:
Still, the reunion with Germany was welcomed by the majority of the population, both by Germans and by Memelanders.
1797:
was forced to approve the treaty, hoping that Germany would not press any other territorial demands upon Lithuania.
1350:
1342:
The government of Lithuania faced considerable opposition from the region's autonomous institutions, among them the
827:
2206:
668:
80:
1319:(Landessynodalverband Memelgebiet) since, being ranked an old-Prussian ecclesiastical province of its own. An own
1324:
1198:
823:
3242:
3237:
2986:
2564:
Ethnic groups and population changes in twentieth-century Central-Eastern Europe: history, data, and analysis
2064:
2040:
1270:
There was also a strong denominational difference since about 95% of the inhabitants of Lithuania Minor were
1094:
1074:, while Lithuania itself should be part of Poland. These ideas were supported by the French prime minister,
2157:
Tr.: The majority of Prussian Lithuanians did not even want to talk about unification with poor Lithuania.
1155:, mainly by militias that had entered the region from Lithuania. At the same time, France had started the
719:
of Lithuania wanted the border to be coextensive with the Neman River, the treaty border started north of
2020:
1304:
616:
445:
17:
3217:
2973:
2957:
2909:
1320:
467:
439:
2917:
Joachim Tauber: Das Memelgebiet (1919–1944) in der deutschen und litauischen Historiographie nach 1945
1699:
1370:
1366:
were legitimized. Thus, Lithuanian opposition to Smetona's regime was also based in Memel Territory.
911:
2937:
2045:
1386:
808:
2507:
2426:
2008:
1748:
1691:
based on family history illustrated the centuries-old German–Lithuanian relations in the region.
1187:
812:
2651:
2611:
2526:
1829:
1126:
1117:
1980:
1772:
1156:
969:
612:
1230:
2250:
2024:
955:
765:
679:
would possess lands taken beyond the Masovian border in exchange for securing Masovia. After
672:
608:
526:
489:
344:
1252:
1067:
1063:
1044:
596:
254:
2741:"Didlietuviai: an example of committee of Lithuanian organizations activities (1934–1939)"
2155:
Apie norą susijungti su nuskurdusia Lietuva daugumai lietuvininkų negalėjo būti nė kalbos.
8:
1336:
923:
648:
620:
567:
477:
463:
157:
47:
2766:
they started to nestle themselves with much more known for them German national identity
2676:
1688:
704:
3162:
3137:
3124:
2929:
2924:
2782:
2625:
2592:
2387:
2330:
2288:
2230:
1075:
1048:
934:
781:
777:
680:
532:
483:
2470:
2453:
1152:
1146:
769:
720:
696:
632:
357:
267:
2978:
2695:
2572:
2540:
2475:
2216:
2109:
1710:
in 1935. The accused claimed that the Klaipėda Region should be part of Germany, not
1328:
624:
126:
2169:
773:
636:
2465:
2379:
2322:
2142:
2101:
1259:
since the 13th century, and even many Lithuanian-speakers, regarding themselves as
1052:
899:
712:
457:
398:
217:
1975:
until 28 January 1945. After its capture, only six people were found in the city.
1768:
2842:
2804:
2412:
2262:
1972:
1852:
1752:
1354:
1308:
1288:
1240:
1071:
959:
764:. Since 1990, the area of the Klaipėda Region has formed part of the independent
727:
708:
684:
683:
in 1242 through 1274 failed, the Order conquered many remaining western Balts in
584:
241:
149:
61:
2752:
2016:
1880:
1788:
1359:
999:
907:
884:
676:
421:
2967:
2959:
Die Rolle des Schützenbundes Litauens bei der Besetzung des Memelgebietes 1923
3211:
3193:
3180:
2479:
2105:
2012:
1264:
1081:
In 1920, according to the Treaty of Versailles, the German area north of the
1059:
1040:
945:
700:
652:
471:
433:
2404:
2255:
2004:
1992:
1963:
1959:
1950:
1842:
1783:
1756:
1260:
1003:
989:
757:
615:. The Memel Territory, together with other areas severed from Germany (the
600:
129:
113:
760:
came to an end in 1945, the Soviet Union incorporated the region into the
506:
2949:
German translation of the Commission Report to the Council of Ambassadors
2568:
1082:
753:
736:
692:
664:
553:
542:
394:
2817:
2803:
In March 1939 the majority of Memellanders greeted the reunion with the
2334:
2310:
2050:
1946:
139:
3066:
3020:
2391:
2367:
2292:
2276:
2199:
1923:
1201: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
873:
741:
688:
411:
310:
153:
599:
in 1920 and refers to the northernmost part of the German province of
406:
3150:
3096:
3046:
3033:
2863:"Dabar jų yra vos keli tūkstančiai." Tr.: Only a few thousand remain.
2326:
2195:
1846:
1711:
1024:
979:
869:
745:
660:
628:
382:
2383:
1176:
797:
699:
where the Dangė river flows into the Neman, at the north end of the
1968:
1363:
1275:
1271:
1028:
716:
2429:[The Secret of the Woldemaras Minutes of 29 January 1928]
1280:
Agreement concerning the Evangelical Church of the Klaipėda Region
2075:
1996:
1971:, but the city itself was defended by the German army during the
1786:
naval ship and at dawn sailed into Memel to celebrate the return
1036:
522:
2098:
The Law and Practice of International Territorial Administration
1163:
was eventually confirmed by the Council of Ambassadors in 1924.
2904:
2427:"Das Geheimnis um das Woldemaras-Protokoll vom 29. Januar 1928"
1794:
1764:
1720:
1707:
1703:
1133:(German-Lithuanian homeland federation) promoted the idea of a
538:
518:
427:
656:
1865:
Jonas Polovinskas-Budrys (27 October 1924 – 8 November 1925)
1377:
1097:
immediately protested this decision, stating on 9 May 1919:
2560:
1681:
1918:
Transitional Commissioner for the Integration of Memelland
1385:
See also the results of the January 1919 elections to the
1106:
To this claim, the Allied Powers responded the following:
703:. In 1422, after centuries of conflict, the Order and the
2721:
2003:
expelled 3,500 people from the former Memel Territory to
1714:, and spread propaganda, prepared for an armed uprising.
1293:
Abkommen betr. die evangelische Kirche des Memelgebietes
1239:) of 29 January 1928, the Republic of Lithuania and the
1777:
Treaty of the Cession of the Memel Territory to Germany
1331:
until 1926 and were then disentangled, forming the new
3008:
1058:
The division of Prussia was also promoted by Poland's
2495:
Verträge zwischen Staat und Kirche im Deutschen Reich
2210:
1166:
1031:
of emergency money from 1922 issued and used in Memel
112:
Historical map of Memelland and the northern part of
2011:
Russians. However, the minority Prussian Lithuanian
1987:
The few remaining ethnic Germans were then forcibly
861:
Timeline with changes of control over the territory
2071:
1922 Republic of Central Lithuania general election
1317:Regional Synodal Federation of the Memel Territory
1362:was in use, in the rest of Lithuania only church
3209:
2956:German translation of Vygantas Vareikis' thesis
2541:"Memelgebiet: Wahl zur Nationalversammlung 1919"
2058:Lithuanian–Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
1991:, with most opting to flee to what would become
1855:, Lithuania (24 February 1923 – 27 October 1924)
1274:while more than 90% of Greater Lithuanians were
1247:government of Lithuania in the interwar period.
39:
2023:. No property restoration was performed by the
1671:Evangelical Lutheran 95%, Roman Catholic (1925)
1323:in Klaipėda was established in 1927, led by a
3268:States and territories disestablished in 1923
2994:
2508:"Memelgebiet: Übersicht der Wahlen 1919–1935"
1849:(acting; 19 February 1923 – 24 February 1923)
1767:, the Lithuanian Minister of Foreign Affairs
607:, it was put under the administration of the
2866:
2857:
2831:
2235:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1301:Evangelical Church of the old-Prussian Union
1234:
1043:was signed by a few pro-Lithuanian-oriented
53:
826:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3248:States and territories established in 1920
3001:
2987:
623:), was to remain under the control of the
106:
2839:"Trys knygos apie lietuvininkų tragediją"
2797:
2722:"Lrytas.lt naujienos – sužinoti daugiau!"
2469:
2445:
2372:The American Journal of International Law
2365:
2243:
1941:
1378:Election results for the local parliament
1295:) of 23 July 1925, concluded between the
1217:Learn how and when to remove this message
846:Learn how and when to remove this message
2938:Map of languages in East Prussia in 1900
2451:
2281:The Slavonic and Eastern European Review
2274:
2207:Nuotrupos iš Mažosios Lietuvos istorijos
2128:
1945:
1832:, France (1 May 1921 – 19 February 1923)
1826:, France (15 February 1920 – 1 May 1921)
1747:
1693:
1023:
726:
552:
2424:
2122:
1313:Ecclesiastical Province of East Prussia
1019:
752:and transferred the Klaipėda Region to
681:uprisings of the Baltic Prussian tribes
14:
3210:
2738:
2732:
2693:
2561:Piotr Eberhardt; Jan Owsinski (2003).
2556:
2554:
2209:Retrieved 2007, 12–59; excerpted from
2188:
2172:[The Memel Region: Overview].
2089:
1687:In the 1930s, a novel by local author
1140:
1047:in 1918, demanding the unification of
889:Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights
642:
2982:
2308:
2095:
1782:Hitler had anticipated this aboard a
302:2,657 km (1,026 sq mi)
3016:
2698:[The Case of Neumann-Sass].
2304:
2302:
1907:(15 October 1936 – 12 December 1938)
1895:(25 November 1933 – 5 February 1935)
1199:adding citations to reliable sources
1170:
824:adding citations to reliable sources
791:
667:. In March 1226, Holy Roman Emperor
2551:
2213:Mažosios Lietuvos kultūros pėdsakai
1901:(5 February 1935 – 15 October 1936)
1737:
1589:
715:and Lithuania. Although Grand Duke
474:(Poland 1454/1466 – 1772)
24:
3009:Places adjacent to Klaipėda Region
2609:
2524:
2366:Kalijarvi, Thorsten (April 1936).
1937:Directorate of the Klaipėda Region
1913:(12 December 1938 – 22 March 1939)
1744:1939 German ultimatum to Lithuania
1297:Directorate of the Klaipėda Region
1167:Autonomous region within Lithuania
25:
3279:
2898:
2471:10.15388/SocMintVei.2001.1-2.7233
2299:
1877:(1 August 1926 – 1 November 1927)
1871:(8 November 1925 – 1 August 1926)
1719:Territory. People were sent from
1344:Parliament of the Klaipėda Region
1333:Territorial Prelature of Klaipėda
891:(also Monastic State of Prussia)
695:. In 1252, the Order constructed
651:requested assistance against the
3263:1920 disestablishments in Europe
3233:History of Lithuania (1918–1940)
3155:
3143:
3130:
3117:
3105:
3089:
3080:
3072:
3055:
3039:
3026:
2903:
2275:Stephens, David (January 1936).
1889:(19 May 1932 – 25 November 1933)
1175:
1093:, under the leadership of Count
944:Kingdom of Prussia, part of the
796:
410:
405:
362:
337:
91:
79:
3228:Historical geography of Germany
3223:Historical regions in Lithuania
2885:
2875:
2841:(in Lithuanian). Archived from
2810:
2771:
2714:
2700:Mažosios Lietuvos enciklopedija
2687:
2669:
2644:
2618:
2603:
2585:
2533:
2518:
2500:
2487:
2458:Sociologija. Mintis Ir Veiksmas
2418:
2398:
2215:. Vilnius: Mintis. p. 24.
2078:, the capital city of Lithuania
1926:(23 March 1939 – 30 April 1939)
1883:(1 November 1927 – 19 May 1932)
1706:in Europe, which took place in
1305:church of united administration
1186:needs additional citations for
711:which defined a border between
2626:"Das Memelgebiet im Überblick"
2593:"Das Memelgebiet im Überblick"
2359:
2341:
2268:
2211:Šilas, V., Sambora H. (1990).
2162:
1930:
1236:Schieds- und Vergleichsvertrag
1131:Deutsch-Litauischer Heimatbund
904:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
436:(pre – 13th century)
430:(983 – 12th century)
13:
1:
3258:1920 establishments in Europe
3106:
3056:
2930:STATUT DU TERRITOIRE DE MEMEL
2925:Local heritage book Memelland
2309:Grade, John A. (March 1924).
2277:"The German Problem in Memel"
2082:
2065:Republic of Central Lithuania
2041:Areas annexed by Nazi Germany
1095:Ulrich von Brockdorff-Rantzau
175:Presidents of the Directorate
3081:
3073:
2745:Lietuvos istorijos metraštis
2170:"Das Memelgebiet: Überblick"
1812:
1558:Unified German Election List
279:• Annexed by Lithuania
7:
2818:"Nesėkmės Klaipėdos krašte"
2034:
2021:Federal Republic of Germany
1807:
1771:and his German counterpart
1421:("Social Democratic Party")
1066:who acted on the orders of
787:
748:. In March 1939, Lithuania
687:, including the Skalvians,
10:
3284:
3253:League of Nations mandates
2027:for owners prior to 1945.
1934:
1741:
1561:Greater Lithuania Parties
1144:
1035:The eastern boundaries of
750:acquiesced to Nazi demands
675:, which provided that the
595:) was defined by the 1919
468:Prince-Bishopric of Warmia
440:Margraviate of Brandenburg
3014:
2129:Arnašius, Helmut (2002).
1582:
1579:
1571:
1568:
1560:
1557:
1371:trial of Neumann and Sass
1351:December 1926 coup d'état
860:
378:
316:
306:
296:
291:
287:
277:
264:
251:
247:
237:
227:
223:
211:
199:
187:
183:
173:
163:
145:
135:
121:
105:
75:
70:
34:
2493:Cf. Ernst Rudolf Huber,
2425:Seewald, Enrico (2019).
2349:"Odry, Dominique-Joseph"
2106:10.1017/CBO9780511585937
2046:Memel Agricultural Party
1843:Jonas Polovinskas-Budrys
1085:was given the status of
2311:"The Memel Controversy"
2096:Stahn, Carsten (2008).
1981:displaced persons camps
705:Polish–Lithuanian union
492:(1918 – 1947)
486:(1701 – 1918)
480:(1618 – 1701)
460:(1525 – 1618)
454:(1356 – 1806)
448:(1224 – 1525)
2694:Gliožaitis, Algirdas.
2677:"Museums of Lithuania"
2656:www.worldstatesmen.org
2411:8 January 2007 at the
2368:"The Problem of Memel"
2261:8 January 2007 at the
2131:"Vokiečiai Klaipėdoje"
1954:
1953:in Memel in March 1939
1942:World War II and after
1773:Joachim von Ribbentrop
1760:
1715:
1403:("Agricultural Party")
1325:general superintendent
1292:
1235:
1157:Occupation of the Ruhr
1113:
1104:
1091:Paris Peace Conference
1032:
1013:Republic of Lithuania
970:Council of Ambassadors
732:
613:Council of Ambassadors
588:
571:
559:
545:(1947–1952, from 1990)
515:(1920–1939, from 1945)
472:Royal (Polish) Prussia
452:Elector of Brandenburg
54:
40:
2912:at Wikimedia Commons
2696:"Neumanno-Sasso byla"
2452:Vareikis, V. (2001).
2415:Retrieved 2007, 13–04
2265:Retrieved 2007, 19–52
2025:Republic of Lithuania
1949:
1824:Dominique Joseph Odry
1751:
1697:
1401:Landwirtschaftspartei
1108:
1099:
1027:
980:Republic of Lithuania
956:Free State of Prussia
766:Republic of Lithuania
730:
673:Golden Bull of Rimini
556:
527:Recovered Territories
490:Free State of Prussia
424:(965 – 983)
345:Free State of Prussia
146:Common languages
55:Memelland/Memelgebiet
3243:Treaty of Versailles
3238:Geography of Prussia
2845:on 27 September 2006
2755:on 27 September 2007
2135:Mokslas Ir Gyvenimas
1887:Vytautas Jonas Gylys
1830:Gabriel Jean Petisné
1469:Others 9.0%: 2 seats
1329:Bishopric of Ermland
1195:improve this article
1127:Gabriel Jean Petisné
1118:Gabriel Jean Petisné
1045:Prussian Lithuanians
1020:Treaty of Versailles
820:improve this section
663:who lived along the
597:Treaty of Versailles
255:Treaty of Versailles
27:Area of East Prussia
3190: /
2739:Pocytė, S. (2003).
1755:Avenue was renamed
1417:Sozialdemokratische
1387:Nationalversammlung
1337:Justinas Staugaitis
1231:Klaipėda Convention
1141:Lithuanian takeover
1135:Freistaat Memelland
1087:Territoire de Memel
924:Brandenburg-Prussia
665:Neman (Memel) River
649:Konrad I of Masovia
643:Historical overview
478:Brandenburg-Prussia
464:Malbork Voivodeship
428:Lutician federation
3163:Kaliningrad Oblast
3138:Kaliningrad Oblast
3125:Kaliningrad Oblast
2969:Hitler in Klaipėda
2785:on 13 January 2007
2779:"Memel – Klaipeda"
2435:Annaberger Annalen
2394:– via JSTOR.
2337:– via JSTOR.
2295:– via JSTOR.
1955:
1875:Karolis Žalkauskas
1818:High Commissioners
1761:
1716:
1412:("People's Party")
1253:Lithuanian kingdom
1122:Landes Directorium
1076:Georges Clemenceau
1049:Prussian Lithuania
1033:
935:Kingdom of Prussia
782:Russian Federation
778:Kaliningrad Oblast
746:State of Lithuania
733:
560:
533:Kaliningrad Oblast
484:Kingdom of Prussia
273:10–15 January 1923
3194:55.450°N 21.400°E
3173:
3172:
3168:
3167:
2908:Media related to
2578:978-0-7656-0665-5
2256:Vygantas Vareikis
2137:(in Lithuanian).
2115:978-0-521-87800-5
1899:Vladas Kurkauskas
1837:Plenipotentiaries
1753:President Smetona
1677:
1676:
1587:
1586:
1446:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1422:
1413:
1404:
1227:
1226:
1219:
1017:
1016:
906:(with Prussia in
856:
855:
848:
625:League of Nations
572:Klaipėdos kraštas
551:
550:
388:
387:
374:
373:
370:
369:
350:
349:
201:• 1921–1923
189:• 1920–1921
168:Special territory
127:League of Nations
41:Klaipėdos kraštas
16:(Redirected from
3275:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3183:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3109:
3108:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3084:
3083:
3076:
3075:
3059:
3058:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3017:
3003:
2996:
2989:
2980:
2979:
2970:
2964:
2953:
2945:
2934:
2921:
2907:
2892:
2889:
2883:
2879:
2873:
2870:
2864:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2814:
2808:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2781:. Archived from
2775:
2769:
2768:
2762:
2760:
2751:. Archived from
2736:
2730:
2729:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2630:www.gonschior.de
2622:
2616:
2615:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2597:www.gonschior.de
2589:
2583:
2582:
2558:
2549:
2548:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2504:
2498:
2491:
2485:
2483:
2473:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2432:
2422:
2416:
2402:
2396:
2395:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2353:Das Bundesarchiv
2345:
2339:
2338:
2327:10.2307/20028310
2306:
2297:
2296:
2272:
2266:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2234:
2226:
2205:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2152:
2150:
2141:. Archived from
2126:
2120:
2119:
2093:
1911:Viktoras Gailius
1738:German ultimatum
1689:Ieva Simonaitytė
1602:
1601:
1590:Demographic data
1442:
1437:
1432:
1428:(Worker's Party)
1425:
1416:
1407:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1307:of Lutheran and
1287:
1278:. Following the
1238:
1222:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1202:
1179:
1171:
1053:Lithuania proper
902:, a fief of the
900:Duchy of Prussia
858:
857:
851:
844:
840:
837:
831:
800:
792:
677:Teutonic Knights
659:, including the
583:
509:area (from 1918)
458:Duchy of Prussia
414:
409:
390:
389:
366:
365:
354:
353:
341:
340:
334:
333:
318:
317:
218:Erdmann Simoneit
206:Wilhelm Steputat
194:Arthur Altenberg
125:Territory under
110:
95:
83:
65:
57:
51:
43:
32:
31:
21:
3283:
3282:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3218:Klaipėda Region
3208:
3207:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3169:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3144:
3142:
3131:
3129:
3118:
3116:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3078:Klaipėda Region
3040:
3038:
3027:
3025:
3010:
3007:
2968:
2962:
2951:
2943:
2932:
2919:
2901:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2886:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2867:
2862:
2858:
2848:
2846:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2802:
2798:
2788:
2786:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2758:
2756:
2737:
2733:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2705:
2703:
2702:(in Lithuanian)
2692:
2688:
2681:www.muziejai.lt
2675:
2674:
2670:
2660:
2658:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2635:
2633:
2624:
2623:
2619:
2608:
2604:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2579:
2559:
2552:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2523:
2519:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2492:
2488:
2450:
2446:
2430:
2423:
2419:
2413:Wayback Machine
2403:
2399:
2384:10.2307/2191087
2364:
2360:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2315:Foreign Affairs
2307:
2300:
2273:
2269:
2263:Wayback Machine
2248:
2244:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2204:(in Lithuanian)
2203:
2193:
2189:
2179:
2177:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2156:
2148:
2146:
2127:
2123:
2116:
2094:
2090:
2085:
2060:(A.K.A. Litbel)
2037:
2017:German citizens
1999:. In 1951, the
1973:Battle of Memel
1944:
1939:
1933:
1905:Jurgis Kubilius
1853:Antanas Smetona
1815:
1810:
1746:
1740:
1592:
1583:12.8%: 4 seats
1580:87.2%: 25 seats
1572:18.8%: 5 seats
1569:81.2%: 24 seats
1550:19.7%: 5 seats
1532:37.1%: 11 seats
1524:22.7%: 5 seats
1506:31.8%: 10 seats
1498:13.6%: 4 seats
1483:32.7%: 10 seats
1480:33.6%: 10 seats
1457:36.9%: 11 seats
1454:38.1%: 11 seats
1444:
1433:Communist Party
1427:
1420:
1418:
1411:
1409:
1402:
1400:
1380:
1355:Antanas Smetona
1315:and formed the
1283:
1241:Weimar Republic
1223:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1192:
1180:
1169:
1153:Klaipėda Revolt
1149:
1147:Klaipėda Revolt
1143:
1068:Józef Piłsudski
1022:
960:Weimar Republic
852:
841:
835:
832:
817:
801:
790:
709:Treaty of Melno
685:Lithuania Minor
645:
579:
576:Memel Territory
564:Klaipėda Region
513:Klaipėda Region
363:
358:Klaipėda County
338:
299:
283:19 January 1923
280:
270:
268:Klaipėda Revolt
260:10 January 1919
257:
242:Interwar period
214:
202:
190:
156:
152:
117:
101:
100:
99:
96:
88:
87:
84:
66:
59:
52:
45:
37:
36:Klaipėda Region
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3281:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3199:55.450; 21.400
3171:
3170:
3166:
3165:
3140:
3127:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3086:
3071:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3036:
3023:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2983:
2977:
2976:
2965:
2954:
2946:
2935:
2927:
2922:
2900:
2899:External links
2897:
2894:
2893:
2884:
2874:
2865:
2856:
2830:
2809:
2796:
2770:
2731:
2713:
2686:
2668:
2643:
2617:
2602:
2584:
2577:
2571:. p. 40.
2550:
2532:
2517:
2499:
2486:
2444:
2417:
2397:
2358:
2340:
2298:
2267:
2242:
2221:
2187:
2161:
2145:on 31 May 2008
2121:
2114:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2061:
2054:
2048:
2043:
2036:
2033:
2001:Lithuanian SSR
1943:
1940:
1935:Main article:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1915:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1881:Antanas Merkys
1878:
1872:
1866:
1857:
1856:
1850:
1834:
1833:
1827:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1789:heim ins Reich
1759:Street in 1939
1742:Main article:
1739:
1736:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1656:141,645 (1930)
1653:
1652:
1650:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1609:
1606:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1535:27.2%: 8 seats
1533:
1530:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1512:13.8%: 4 seats
1510:
1509:27.6%: 8 seats
1507:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1486:10.1%: 3 seats
1484:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1460:16.0%: 5 seats
1458:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1445:People's Party
1440:
1435:
1430:
1426:Arbeiterpartei
1423:
1414:
1405:
1396:
1379:
1376:
1360:civil marriage
1335:under Prelate
1261:East Prussians
1257:monastic state
1225:
1224:
1183:
1181:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1145:Main article:
1142:
1139:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1002:, part of the
1000:Lithuanian SSR
997:
993:
992:
987:
983:
982:
977:
973:
972:
967:
963:
962:
953:
949:
948:
942:
938:
937:
932:
928:
927:
920:
916:
915:
908:personal union
897:
893:
892:
885:Livonian Order
882:
878:
877:
867:
863:
862:
854:
853:
804:
802:
795:
789:
786:
762:Lithuanian SSR
647:In 1226, Duke
644:
641:
549:
548:
547:
546:
536:
530:
516:
510:
501:
500:
496:
495:
494:
493:
487:
481:
475:
461:
455:
449:
446:Teutonic Order
443:
437:
431:
425:
422:Northern March
416:
415:
402:
401:
386:
385:
380:
376:
375:
372:
371:
368:
367:
360:
351:
348:
347:
342:
330:
329:
324:
314:
313:
308:
304:
303:
300:
297:
294:
293:
289:
288:
285:
284:
281:
278:
275:
274:
271:
265:
262:
261:
258:
252:
249:
248:
245:
244:
239:
238:Historical era
235:
234:
229:
225:
224:
221:
220:
215:
212:
209:
208:
203:
200:
197:
196:
191:
188:
185:
184:
181:
180:
177:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
123:
119:
118:
111:
103:
102:
97:
90:
89:
85:
78:
77:
76:
73:
72:
68:
67:
38:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3280:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3206:
3203:
3164:
3152:
3141:
3139:
3128:
3126:
3115:
3114:
3111:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3087:
3079:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3061:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3048:
3037:
3035:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3004:
2999:
2997:
2992:
2990:
2985:
2984:
2981:
2975:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2947:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2906:
2888:
2878:
2869:
2860:
2844:
2840:
2834:
2819:
2813:
2806:
2800:
2784:
2780:
2774:
2767:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2735:
2727:
2726:www.lrytas.lt
2723:
2717:
2701:
2697:
2690:
2682:
2678:
2672:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2631:
2627:
2621:
2613:
2610:Cahoon, Ben.
2606:
2598:
2594:
2588:
2580:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2565:
2557:
2555:
2546:
2542:
2536:
2528:
2525:cahoon, ben.
2521:
2513:
2509:
2503:
2496:
2490:
2481:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2448:
2440:
2437:(in German).
2436:
2428:
2421:
2414:
2410:
2407:
2401:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2362:
2354:
2350:
2344:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2305:
2303:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2271:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2252:
2246:
2238:
2232:
2224:
2222:5-417-00367-0
2218:
2214:
2208:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2175:
2171:
2165:
2158:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2125:
2117:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2092:
2088:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2032:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1982:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1961:
1952:
1948:
1938:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1893:Jonas Navakas
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1769:Juozas Urbšys
1766:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1722:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1690:
1685:
1683:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1576:
1575:
1565:
1564:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1541:8.2%: 3 seats
1540:
1538:7.8%: 2 seats
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1515:4.2%: 2 seats
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1492:7.2%: 2 seats
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1424:
1415:
1408:Memeländische
1406:
1399:Memeländische
1397:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1383:
1375:
1372:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1345:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1265:Germanisation
1262:
1258:
1254:
1248:
1244:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1221:
1218:
1210:
1200:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1184:This section
1182:
1178:
1173:
1172:
1164:
1162:
1161:fait accompli
1158:
1154:
1148:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1060:Roman Dmowski
1056:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1041:Act of Tilsit
1038:
1030:
1026:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1001:
998:
995:
994:
991:
988:
985:
984:
981:
978:
975:
974:
971:
968:
965:
964:
961:
957:
954:
951:
950:
947:
946:German Empire
943:
940:
939:
936:
933:
930:
929:
925:
921:
918:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
898:
895:
894:
890:
886:
883:
880:
879:
875:
871:
868:
865:
864:
859:
850:
847:
839:
829:
825:
821:
815:
814:
810:
805:This section
803:
799:
794:
793:
785:
783:
779:
775:
771:
768:, as part of
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
738:
729:
725:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
701:Curonian Spit
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
657:Baltic tribes
654:
650:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
577:
573:
569:
565:
555:
544:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
524:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
505:
504:
503:
502:
498:
497:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
469:
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
434:Old Prussians
432:
429:
426:
423:
420:
419:
418:
417:
413:
408:
404:
403:
400:
396:
392:
391:
384:
381:
379:Today part of
377:
361:
359:
356:
355:
352:
346:
343:
336:
335:
332:
331:
328:
325:
323:
320:
319:
315:
312:
309:
305:
301:
295:
290:
286:
282:
276:
272:
269:
263:
259:
256:
250:
246:
243:
240:
236:
233:
230:
226:
222:
219:
216:
210:
207:
204:
198:
195:
192:
186:
182:
178:
176:
172:
169:
166:
162:
159:
155:
151:
148:
144:
141:
138:
134:
131:
128:
124:
120:
115:
109:
104:
94:
82:
74:
69:
63:
56:
49:
42:
33:
30:
19:
3175:
3077:
2958:
2902:
2887:
2877:
2868:
2859:
2847:. Retrieved
2843:the original
2833:
2821:. Retrieved
2812:
2799:
2787:. Retrieved
2783:the original
2773:
2764:
2757:. Retrieved
2753:the original
2748:
2744:
2734:
2725:
2716:
2704:. Retrieved
2699:
2689:
2680:
2671:
2659:. Retrieved
2655:
2646:
2634:. Retrieved
2629:
2620:
2605:
2596:
2587:
2563:
2547:(in German).
2545:Gonschior.de
2544:
2535:
2520:
2514:(in German).
2512:Gonschior.de
2511:
2502:
2494:
2489:
2461:
2457:
2447:
2438:
2434:
2420:
2400:
2375:
2371:
2361:
2352:
2343:
2318:
2314:
2284:
2280:
2270:
2245:
2212:
2190:
2178:. Retrieved
2174:gonschior.de
2173:
2164:
2154:
2147:. Retrieved
2143:the original
2138:
2134:
2124:
2097:
2091:
2029:
2005:East Germany
1993:West Germany
1986:
1977:
1964:East Prussia
1962:the fate of
1956:
1951:Adolf Hitler
1917:
1916:
1869:Jonas Žilius
1859:
1858:
1836:
1835:
1817:
1816:
1802:
1799:
1787:
1784:Kriegsmarine
1781:
1776:
1762:
1757:Adolf Hitler
1733:
1729:
1725:
1717:
1686:
1678:
1662:24.2% (1925)
1611:
1597:Memeländisch
1596:
1593:
1384:
1381:
1368:
1348:
1341:
1312:
1279:
1269:
1249:
1245:
1228:
1213:
1204:
1193:Please help
1188:verification
1185:
1160:
1150:
1134:
1130:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1086:
1080:
1057:
1034:
1010:1990–present
1004:Soviet Union
914:since 1618)
842:
833:
818:Please help
806:
758:World War II
734:
697:Memel Castle
669:Frederick II
646:
604:
601:East Prussia
592:
575:
563:
561:
512:
327:Succeeded by
326:
321:
298:• Total
213:• 1923
114:East Prussia
98:Coat of arms
29:
3197: /
2963:(in German)
2952:(in German)
2944:(in German)
2933:(in French)
2920:(in German)
2823:24 February
2706:12 February
2661:21 December
2652:"Lithuania"
2636:21 December
2632:(in German)
2612:"Lithuania"
2569:M.E. Sharpe
2527:"Lithuania"
2287:(41): 325.
2251:anti-German
2176:(in German)
2149:14 November
2013:Protestants
1931:Directorate
1775:signed the
1700:first trial
1647:Evangelical
1612:Memelandish
1410:Volkspartei
1083:Memel river
912:Brandenburg
737:World War I
707:signed the
693:Yotvingians
671:issued the
631:as part of
603:, when, as
593:Memelgebiet
543:Brandenburg
535:(from 1945)
529:(from 1945)
442:(1157–1618)
395:Brandenburg
393:History of
322:Preceded by
228:Legislature
18:Memelgebiet
3212:Categories
3067:Baltic Sea
3021:Baltic Sea
2441:: 112–113.
2378:(2): 205.
2321:(3): 412.
2200:Insterburg
2083:References
1924:Erich Koch
1649:Christians
1616:Lithuanian
1605:Population
1443:Lithuanian
1349:After the
1321:consistory
1072:Baltic Sea
1064:Versailles
958:, part of
742:Baltic Sea
689:Nadruvians
655:and other
639:counties.
568:Lithuanian
311:Papiermark
164:Government
158:Lithuanian
154:Low German
130:protection
48:Lithuanian
3151:Lithuania
3097:Lithuania
3047:Lithuania
3034:Lithuania
2910:Memelland
2807:with joy.
2789:8 January
2480:1392-3358
2464:: 54–65.
2231:cite book
2196:Gumbinnen
1860:Governors
1847:Lithuania
1813:Governors
1723:instead.
1712:Lithuania
1364:marriages
1285:‹See Tfd›
1276:Catholics
1272:Lutherans
996:1945–1990
986:1939–1945
976:1923–1939
966:1920–1923
952:1918–1920
941:1871–1918
931:1701–1871
919:1657–1701
896:1525–1657
881:1252–1525
874:Scalovian
807:does not
721:Memelberg
661:Skalvians
653:Prussians
629:Lithuania
605:Memelland
589:Memelland
581:‹See Tfd›
507:Działdowo
383:Lithuania
71:1919–1923
2941:(larger)
2882:139-143.
2849:31 March
2409:Archived
2335:20028310
2259:Archived
2180:1 August
2051:Klaipėda
2035:See also
2009:Orthodox
1989:expelled
1969:Red Army
1808:Politics
1622:Religion
1309:Reformed
1299:and the
1207:May 2024
1029:Banknote
870:Curonian
866:pre-1252
836:May 2024
788:Timeline
770:Klaipėda
717:Vytautas
633:Klaipėda
307:Currency
232:Seimelis
140:Klaipėda
3185:21°24′E
3182:55°27′N
2974:YouTube
2392:2191087
2293:4203122
2076:Vilnius
2019:by the
1997:Siberia
1702:of the
1630:141,645
1625:Source
1255:to the
1229:In the
1102:Poland.
1037:Prussia
990:Germany
876:tribes
828:removed
813:sources
780:of the
774:Tauragė
754:Germany
713:Prussia
637:Tauragė
609:Entente
558:Region.
525:within
523:Masuria
499:Present
470:within
399:Prussia
266:•
253:•
136:Capital
3160:
3148:
3135:
3122:
3094:
3044:
3031:
2759:29 May
2575:
2478:
2390:
2333:
2291:
2219:
2112:
1795:Seimas
1765:Berlin
1721:Kaunas
1708:Kaunas
1608:German
1555:
1438:Others
1419:Partei
1289:German
735:After
691:, and
621:Danzig
585:German
539:Berlin
519:Warmia
179:
150:German
122:Status
62:German
58:
44:
2805:Reich
2431:(PDF)
2388:JSTOR
2331:JSTOR
2289:JSTOR
1704:Nazis
1665:26.5%
1659:45.2%
1639:26.6%
1636:27.1%
1633:41.9%
1619:other
1395:Year
1051:with
910:with
756:. As
574:) or
2851:2007
2825:2007
2791:2007
2761:2007
2708:2022
2663:2022
2638:2022
2573:ISBN
2476:ISSN
2237:link
2217:ISBN
2198:and
2182:2024
2151:2007
2110:ISBN
2069:The
2063:The
2056:The
2053:town
1960:USSR
1698:The
1682:Jews
1645:95%
1642:4.4%
1577:1938
1566:1935
1529:1932
1503:1930
1477:1927
1451:1925
1303:, a
887:and
872:and
811:any
809:cite
772:and
635:and
619:and
617:Saar
562:The
541:and
466:and
397:and
292:Area
86:Flag
2972:on
2466:doi
2462:1–2
2380:doi
2323:doi
2139:7–8
2102:doi
1197:by
1062:in
822:by
611:'s
591:or
3214::
2763:.
2747:.
2743:.
2724:.
2679:.
2654:.
2628:.
2595:.
2567:.
2553:^
2543:.
2510:.
2474:.
2460:.
2456:.
2439:27
2433:.
2386:.
2376:30
2374:.
2370:.
2351:.
2329:.
2317:.
2313:.
2301:^
2285:14
2283:.
2279:.
2233:}}
2229:{{
2153:.
2133:.
2108:.
2100:.
1845:,
1684:.
1472:—
1389:.
1353:,
1339:.
1291::
1078:.
926:)
784:.
587::
570::
521:,
3002:e
2995:t
2988:v
2853:.
2827:.
2793:.
2749:2
2728:.
2710:.
2683:.
2665:.
2640:.
2614:.
2599:.
2581:.
2529:.
2482:.
2468::
2382::
2355:.
2325::
2319:2
2239:)
2225:.
2184:.
2118:.
2104::
1668:—
1595:(
1547:—
1544:—
1521:—
1518:—
1495:—
1489:—
1466:—
1463:—
1282:(
1220:)
1214:(
1209:)
1205:(
1191:.
849:)
843:(
838:)
834:(
830:.
816:.
578:(
566:(
116:.
64:)
60:(
50:)
46:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
