Single skating - Knowledge

737:

any problems with the music happen within 20 seconds after they have begun their program, the skater can choose to either restart their program or to continue from the point where they have stopped performing. If they decide to continue from the point where they stopped, they are continued to happen at that point onward, as well as their performance up to that point. If they decide to restart their program, they are judged from the beginning of their restart and what they had done previously must be disregarded. If the music interruption occurs more than 20 seconds after they have begun their program, or if it occurred during an element or at the entrance of an element, they must resume their program from the point of the interruption. If the element was identified before the interruption, the element must be deleted from the list of performed elements, and the skater is allowed to repeat the element when they resume their program. No deductions are counted for interruptions due to music deficiencies.

544:

skater tries to perform a spin and their change of foot is too far apart (thus creating two spins instead of one), only the part executed before the change of foot is included in the skater's score. The change of foot is optional for spin combinations and for single-position spins. If they fall while entering a spin, or while executing any failed spin, the skater can fill the time lost by executing a spin or spinning movement immediately after the fall or failed spin; however, this movement will not be counted as an element. If the spinning centers, which should occur before and after the change of foot, are too far apart "and the criteria of 'two spins' is fulfilled (there is a curve of exit after the first part and the curve of entry into the second part)", only the part of the spin before the skater's change of foot will be counted.

441:, the loop, and the Axel). Jumps must have the following characteristics to earn the most points, according to the ISU: they must have "very good height and very good length"; they must be executed effortlessly, including the rhythm demonstrated during jump combinations; and they must have good take-offs and landings. The following are not required, but also taken into consideration: there must be steps executed before the beginning of the jump, or it must have either a creative or unexpected entry; the jump must match the music; and the skater must have, from the jump's take-off to its landing, a "very good body position". Somersault-type jumps, like the back flip, are not allowed. The back flip has been banned by the ISU since 1976 because it was deemed too dangerous and lacked "aesthetic value". 612:, any jumps with maximum of 2 revolutions, spins, etc.". Skaters can use steps and turns to connect the two or more movements together. Judges do not evaluate individual elements in a choreographic segment; rather, they note that it was accomplished. For example, any spin or any single and double jumps included in a choreographic sequence are not included in the final score. If a skater performs a jump with more than two revolutions, the sequence is considered ended. There are no restrictions, but the sequence must be clearly visible.The technical panel identifies when a choreographic sequence begins, at its first movement, and ends, which occurs when the skater prepares to perform the next element if it is not the last element of the program. It can be executed before or after the step sequence. 480:. Writer Ellyn Kestnbaum stated that the ISU established the rule "in order to encourage variety and balance rather than allowing a skater to rack up credit for demonstrating the same skill over and over". Sports writer Dvora Meyers calls the rule change "an institutional response" because it was made even though male skaters had also performed repetitive jumps in the same program during the same time period. Kestnbaum also stated that as rotations in jumps for both men and women have increased, skaters have increased the difficulty of jumps by adding more difficult combinations and by adding difficult steps immediately before or after their jumps, resulting in "integrating the jumps more seamlessly into the flow of the program". 445: 725:(IJS) was structured to reward difficult elements, so skaters earned more points despite falling on multi-rotational, complicated jumps than their competitors who skated "clean" programs with less difficult elements and did not lose points from falling. According to former American figure skater Katrina Hacker, falls during jumps occur for the following reasons: the skater makes an error during their takeoff; their jump is under-rotated, or not fully rotated while the skater is in the air; they execute a tilted jump and is unable to land upright on their feet; and they make an error during the first jump of a combination jump, resulting in not having enough smoothness, speed, and flow to complete the second jump. 704:, one of the goals of skaters and designers is to ensure that a costume's design, which can "make or break a performance", does not affect the skaters' scores. Former competitive skater and fashion writer Shalayne Pulia states that figure skating costume designers are part of a skater's "support team". Designers collaborate with skaters and their coaches to help them design costumes that fit the themes and requirements of their programs for months before the start of each season. There have been calls to require figure skaters to wear uniforms like other competitive sports, in order to make the sport less expensive and more inclusive, and to emphasize its athletic side. 552:

and control, and must be completed on the first spinning foot. The intended spin position must be achieved within the skater's first two revolutions and can be non-basic in spin combinations only. A regular backward entry is not considered a difficult entry. An exit is defined as "the last phase of the spin" and includes the phase immediately performed after the spin. A difficult exit is defined as any jump or movement that makes the exit significantly more difficult. It can include the phase immediately following the spin and must have a "significant impact" on the spin's execution, balance, and control. There are 11 categories of difficult solo spin variations.

406:

percent of the total score at most competitions around the world. After World War II, the number of figures skaters had to perform during competitions decreased, and after 1968, they began to be progressively devalued, until the ISU voted to remove them from all international competitions in 1990. Despite the apparent demise of compulsory figures from the sport of figure skating, coaches continued to teach figures and skaters continued to practice them because figures gave skaters an advantage in developing alignment, core strength, body control, and discipline. Championships and festivals focusing on compulsory figures have occurred since 2015.

668: 567:

be performed effortlessly throughout the sequence, and have good energy, flow, and execution; and it must have deep edges and clean turns and steps. Also important but not required are the following characteristics: a sequence must have originality and creativity; the skater must have "excellent commitment and control" of his or her entire body; and the skater must have good acceleration and deceleration during the sequence. As of 2022, skaters could include single jumps as choreographic elements into their step sequences without incurring a penalty.

40: 687:, who "skated her tapdance-based short program in a showgirl-style light blue sequined leotard with high-cut legs, low-cut chest, and similarly colored feathers on her headdress and sleeves and around the hips as the only perfunctionary gesture in the way of a skirt". Decorations on costumes must be "non-detachable"; judges can deduct one point per program if part of the competitors' costumes or decorations fall on the ice. If there is a costume or prop violation, the judges can deduct one point per program. 281: 499:

the same two triple or quadruple jumps in their free skating programs. They could repeat four-revolution jumps only once, and the base value of the triple Axel and quadruple jumps were "reduced dramatically". As of 2022, jump sequences consisted of two or three jumps, but the second or third jump had to be an Axel. Jump sequences began to be counted for their full value and skaters could include single jumps in their step sequences as choreographic elements without incurring a penalty.

586: 3027: 571:

choose any kind of step sequence they wish, and can include jumps, but they must fully use the ice surface. If a step sequence is barely visible or too short, it does not fulfill step sequence requirements. As of 2022, junior skaters were no longer required to perform a step sequence during their free skate programs; instead, they had to include a choreographic sequence because ISU officials wanted them to focus more on their program components.

540:

skating movement. The flying spin and any spin that only has one position must have six revolutions; spin combinations must have 10 revolutions. Required revolutions are counted from when the skater enters the spin until they exit out of it, except for flying spins and the spins in which the final wind-up is in one position. Skaters increase the difficulty of camel spins by grabbing their leg or blade while performing the spin.

3037: 195:). A jump combination, defined as "two (or more) jumps performed in immediate succession". There are three basic positions in spins: the camel, the sit spin, and the upright spin. Step sequences have been defined as "steps and turns in a pattern on the ice". A choreographic sequence, which occurs during the free skating program in singles skating, "consists of any kind of movements like steps, turns, 525: 634:

minus 10 seconds of the required times; if they cannot, judges can deduct points if they finish up to five seconds too early or too late. If they begin skating any element after their required time (plus the required 10 seconds they have to begin), they earn no points for those elements. If the program's duration is 30 or more seconds under the required time range, skaters will receive no marks.

548:

the total number of revolutions, but changing to a non-basic position is not considered a change of position. The change of foot and change of position can be made at the same time or separately and can be performed as a jump or as a step-over movement. Non-basic positions are allowed during spins executed in one position or, for single skaters, during a flying spin.

651:. The ISU's decision, done to increase the sport's audience, to encourage more participation, and to give skaters and choreographers more choice in constructing their programs, had divided support among skaters, coaches, and choreographers. The first senior singles skater who used music with lyrics during a major international competition was 468:

the ISU; the second and/or third jumps must be an Axel-type jump "with a direct step from the landing curve of the first jump to the take-off curve" of the Axel. Skaters can also complete one full revolution on the ice between the jumps and their free foot can touch the ice, although without transferring their weight onto it.

352:

a sit or camel spin without a change of foot. Junior single skaters also have seven required elements. Junior men and women single skaters are not allowed to perform quadruple jumps in their short programs, and junior women single skaters cannot include triple Axels in both their short and free skating programs.

732:

If there is an interruption while performing their program, skaters can lose one point if it lasts more than 10 seconds but not over 20 seconds. They can lose two points if the interruption lasts 20 seconds but not over 30 seconds, and three points if it lasts 30 seconds but not more than 40 seconds.

712:

The ISU defines a fall as the "loss of control by a Skater with the result that the majority of his/her own body weight is on the ice supported by any other part of the body other than the blades; e.g. hand(s), knee(s), back, buttock(s) or any part of the arm". For senior single skaters, one point is

615:

Single skaters must include the following in order to earn the highest points possible during a choreographic sequence: it must have originality and creativity, the sequence must match the music; and their performance must be effortless throughout the entire sequence, with good energy, execution, and

351:

using the entire ice surface. Additionally, men may substitute the one triple jump for a quadruple jump; have a quadruple jump as part of their jump combination; and must also have a camel spin or sit spin with just one change of foot. Women must also have either a layback or sideways leaning spin or

214:

The required elements must be performed in specific ways, as described by published communications by the ISU, unless otherwise specified. The ISU publishes violations and their points values yearly. Deductions in singles skating include violations in time, music, and clothing. The ISU also describes

728:

Injuries to the lower body (the knee, ankle, and back) are the most common for both single skaters and ice dancers. Single skaters experience 0.97 injuries per athlete, over the course of their careers. Single skaters also tend to have more injuries caused by chronic overuse of their lower limbs or

633:

Judges penalize single junior and senior skaters one point up to every five seconds for ending their programs too early or too late. If they start their programs between one and 30 seconds late, they can lose one point. Skaters are allowed complete their short programs and free skates within plus or

566:

Step sequences have been defined as "steps and turns in a pattern on the ice". The ISU requires that all step sequences are performed "according to the character of the music". A step sequence must have the following characteristics to earn the most points: the sequence must match the music; it must

551:

Single skaters earn more points for performing difficult entrances into and exits out of their spins. An entrance is defined as "the preparation immediately preceding a spin", and can include the spin's beginning phase. All entrances must have a "significant impact" on the spin's execution, balance,

498:

by "backloading" her free skating program. She placed all her jumps in the second half of the program in order to take advantage of the rule in place at the time that awarded a 10% bonus to jumps performed during the second half of the program. Also starting in 2018, single skaters could only repeat

736:

If the quality or tempo of the music the skater is using in their program is deficient, or if there is a stop or interruption in their music, no matter the reason, they must stop skating when they become aware of the problem or when signaled to stop by a skating official, whichever occurs first. If

547:

A spin combination must have at least "two different basic positions" and each position must have two revolutions, anywhere within the spin. Skaters earn the full value of a spin combination when they include all three basic positions. The number of revolutions in non-basic positions is included in

471:

All jumps are considered in the order that they are completed. If an extra jump or jumps are completed, only the first jump will be counted; jumps done later in the program will have no value. The limitation on the number of jumps skaters can perform in their programs, called the "Zayak Rule" after

462:

A jump combination, defined as "two (or more) jumps performed in immediate succession", is executed when a skater's landing foot of the first jump is also the take-off foot of the following jump. If a skater executes one complete revolution between the jumps, the element is still a combination. The

690:

If competitors do not adhere to these guidelines, they "will be penalized by a deduction". However, costume deductions are rare. Juliet Newcomer from U.S. Figure Skating states that by the time skaters get to a national or world championship, they have received enough feedback about their costumes

539:

If a skater performs a spin that has no basic position with only two revolutions, or with less than two revolutions, they do not fulfill the position requirement for the spin and receives no points for it. A spin with less than three revolutions is not considered a spin; rather, it is considered a

513:

There are three basic positions in spins: the camel, the sit spin, and the upright spin. Spins must have the following characteristics to earn the most points: spins must have good speed and/or acceleration; they must be executed effortlessly; and they must have good control and clear position(s),

467:

between jumps. If the first jump of a two-jump combination is not completed successfully, it is still counted as a jump combination. A jump sequence is executed when a skater completes two or three jumps, with no limits on the number of revolutions. The first jump, which can be any type allowed by

386:

According to the ISU, free skating "consists of a well balanced program of Free Skating elements, such as jumps, spins, steps and other linking movements". A well-balanced free skate for both senior men and women single skaters must consist of the following: up to seven jump elements, one of which

678:

The clothing worn by single skaters at ISU Championships, the Olympics, and international competitions must be "modest, dignified and appropriate for athletic competition—not garish or theatrical in design". Props and accessories are not allowed. Clothing can reflect the character of the skaters'

570:

Skaters can make short stops during a step sequence, but they must be performed in accordance with the music. Skaters must also perform steps and turns that are balanced throughout the sequence, which includes turning in all directions, the use of both feet, and up and down movements. Skaters can

405:

Compulsory figures, also called school figures, are the "circular patterns which skaters trace on the ice to demonstrate skill in placing clean turns evenly on round circles". Until 1947, for approximately the first half of the existence of figure skating as a sport, compulsory figures made up 60

624:

Skaters must only execute the prescribed elements; if they do not, the extra or unprescribed elements will not be counted in their score. Only the first attempt of an element will be included. The ISU published a judges' handbook describing what judges needed to look for during men's and women's

543:

A skater earns points for a spin change of edge only if they complete the spin in a basic position. Fluctuations in speed and variations in the positions of a skater's arms, head, and free leg are permitted. A skater must execute at least three revolutions before and after a change of foot. If a

483:

In both the short program and free skating, any jump, jump combination, or jump sequence begun during the second half of the program earns extra points "in order to give credit for even distribution of difficulties in the program". As of the 2018–2019 season, however, only the last jump element

366:

Free skating, also called the free skate or long program, is the second segment in single skating, pair skating, and synchronized skating. Its duration, across all disciplines, is four minutes for senior skaters and teams, and three-and-one-half minutes for junior skaters. American skater

476:, whom TV sports producer David Michaels called a true transitional figure who changed everything" because of her jumping skills, has been in effect since 1983, after Zayak performed six triple jumps, four toe loop jumps, and two Salchows in her free skating program at the 520:

says, when comparing spins and the more exciting jumps for single skaters, "While jumps look like sport, spins look more like art. While jumps provide the suspense, spins provide the scenery, but there is so much more to the scenery than most viewers have time or means to

514:

even for flying spins, which must have a good amount of height and air/landing position. Also important but not required are the following characteristics: the spin must maintain a center; the spin must be original and creative; and the element must match the music.

733:

They can lose five points if they do not resume their program until three minutes after the interruption begins. They can also lose five points if the interruption is caused by an "adverse condition" up to three minutes before the start of their program.

616:

flow. They must also have the following: good precision and clarity; skaters must use the entire ice surface; and skaters must demonstrate "excellent commitment" and control of their whole body while performing their choreographic sequences.

682:

All men must wear full-length trousers, a rule that has been in effect since the 1994–1995 season. Since 1988, the ISU required that women skaters wear skirts during competition, a rule dubbed "the Katarina Rule", after East German skater

713:

deducted for the first and second fall, two points are deducted for the third and fourth fall, and three points are deducted for the fifth fall and any falls after that. Junior single skaters are penalized one point for every fall.

1616: 642:

All programs must be skated to music of the competitor's choosing. The use of music with lyrics was expanded to singles skating, as well as to pair skating, starting in 2014; the first Olympics affected by this change was in

1846: 237:

program, and a section called "special figures", in which they had to perform moves or combinations of moves that highlighted their advanced skills. The first World Championships, hosted by the newly formed

2561: 387:

has to be an Axel jump; up to three spins, one of which has to be a spin combination (one a spin with just one position, and one flying spin with a flying entrance); only one step sequence; and only one

175:, and choreographic sequences. The ISU defines a jump element as "an individual jump, a jump combination or a jump sequence". The six most common jumps can be divided into two groups: toe jumps (the 391:. A well-balanced free skate for junior men and junior women single skaters must consist of the same requirements for senior skaters but with the exception of the step sequence requirement. 306:, the second component in competitions. The short program lasts, for both senior and junior singles and pairs, two minutes and 40 seconds. It was introduced for the first time at the 2191: 486: 596:

According to the ISU, a choreographic sequence, which occurs during the free skating program in singles skating, "consists of at least two different movements like steps, turns,

1931: 809: 133:(ISU). Figure skating is the oldest winter sport contested at the Olympics, with men's and women's single skating appearing as two of the four figure skating events at the 425:

The ISU defines a jump element as "an individual jump, a jump combination or a jump sequence". The six most common jumps can be divided into two groups: toe jumps (the

2959: 2056: 1402: 729:

backs. Researchers Jason Vescovi and Jaci VanHeest state that 50–75% of injuries can be prevented because they are caused from "training and/or performance issues".

1071: 160:, from which the sport of figure skating gets its name, were a crucial part of the sport for most of its history until the ISU voted to remove them in 1990. 1517: 2949: 2551: 1639: 2280: 532: 163:

Single skating has required elements that skaters must perform during a competition and that make up a well-balanced skating program. They include

1794: 2954: 2852: 1275: 372: 697:

that there is "an informal review process before major competitions such as the Olympics, during which judges communicate their preferences".

2188: 1366: 2546: 2490: 1820: 2919: 2759: 484:

performed during the short program and the final three jump elements performed during the free skate, counted in a skater's final score.

335:

Both male and female senior single skaters must perform seven elements in their short program. They both must include a double or triple

329: 311: 113: 107: 103: 2914: 2520: 2515: 2021: 1734: 1434: 2944: 2934: 2407: 2250: 862: 246:, and consisted of four competitors, all men. Figure skating is the oldest winter sport contested at the Olympics, starting at the 2082: 691:

and are no longer willing to take any more risks of losing points. Former competitive skater and designer Braden Overett told the

17: 2510: 2201:

Vescovi, Jason D.; VanHeest, Jaci L. (2018). "Epidemiology of Injury in Figure Skating". In Vescovi, Jason D.; VanHeest, Jaci L.

1586: 477: 307: 243: 48: 1474: 969: 625:

single skating competitions in 1965. Violations in single skating include time, music, clothing, and falls and interruptions.

2924: 2485: 2285: 2210: 2155: 1056: 1969: 3066: 2939: 2475: 944: 2929: 2499: 2480: 2893: 2878: 2622: 754: 444: 2495: 2310: 1153:

Russell, Susan D. (December 2019). "Talent and Tenacity: Next Gen Makes History on the Junior Grand Prix Circuit".

320:

from the United States holds the highest single men's short program score of 113.97 points, which he earned at the

3040: 1315: 152:

from the United States holds both the highest single men's short program and free skating scores; Russian skater

2556: 2419: 2170: 275: 141: 229:

The first international figure skating competition was in Vienna in 1882. Skaters were required to perform 23

2820: 2597: 601: 200: 129:

in which male and female skaters compete individually. Men's singles and women's singles are governed by the

2182: 302:

in international competitions, including all ISU championships. The short program must be skated before the

2275: 2243: 2179:. Lausanne, Switzerland: International Skating Union. June 2021. Retrieved 9 August 2022 (S&P/ID 2021). 2198:(PDF). ISU Judging System. International Skating Union. 20 July 2020. Retrieved 29 July 2020 (Tech panel). 314:. Music with lyrics has been allowed in single skating and in all disciplines since the 2014–2015 season. 2883: 2800: 2529: 2270: 239: 130: 62: 1893: 463:

free foot can touch the ice, but there must be no weight transfer on it. The skater can also perform an

2898: 2754: 2335: 2176: 1283: 379:

from Russia holds the highest single women's free skating score of 185.29 points, which she earned at

2315: 667: 224: 2873: 371:

holds the highest single men's free skating program score of 224.92 points, which he earned at the

679:

chosen music and must not "give the effect of excessive nudity inappropriate for the discipline".

343:; a jump combination consisting of either a double jump and a triple jump, or two triple jumps; a 3061: 3030: 2236: 2185:

Lausanne, Switzerland: International Skating Union. June 2021. Retrieved 9 August 2022 (SS 2021).

2815: 2592: 2444: 597: 580: 388: 196: 39: 328:

holds the highest single women's short program score of 90.45 points, which she earned at the

2525: 2505: 2340: 321: 57: 2868: 2612: 2607: 2602: 2381: 644: 508: 495: 452: 420: 344: 340: 299: 247: 168: 164: 140:

Single skaters are required to perform two segments in all international competitions, the

134: 1995: 8: 2810: 2330: 2325: 605: 380: 204: 2177:"Special Regulations & Technical Rules Single & Pair Skating and Ice Dance 2021" 2402: 2345: 722: 656: 648: 516: 456: 400: 288: 280: 230: 157: 1246: 2206: 2166: 2151: 788:

The ISU has allowed vocals in the music used in ice dance since the 1997–1998 season.

192: 1482: 2983: 2429: 717: 44: 2976: 2414: 2195: 1435:"The Rebellious, Back-Flipping Black Figure Skater Who Changed the Sport Forever" 1177: 1096: 812:(Press release). Lausanne, Switzerland: International Skating Union. 30 June 2021 753:

Women were referred to as ladies in ISU regulations and communications until the

652: 2699: 2673: 2434: 2259: 1847:"Will the Addition of Lyrics Have Olympic Figure Skating Judges Singing Along?" 491: 448: 376: 325: 172: 153: 126: 2223: 1199: 1118: 3055: 2668: 2617: 1737:. Lausanne, Switzerland: International Skating Union. 30 June 2022. p. 4 1405:. Lausanne, Switzerland: International Skating Union. 23 May 2018. p. 13 693: 684: 671: 561: 426: 348: 176: 156:

holds both the highest single women's short program and free skating scores.

97: 810:"Results of Proposals in replacement of the 58th Ordinary ISU Congress 2021" 2997: 2990: 2888: 2805: 2749: 2739: 2734: 2694: 2689: 2663: 2439: 2424: 2386: 2371: 2320: 609: 589: 473: 438: 361: 303: 295: 234: 208: 188: 145: 85: 3004: 2847: 2795: 2774: 2764: 368: 317: 284: 149: 1072:"How to Watch Figure Skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics in PyeongChang" 585: 3011: 2729: 2711: 2643: 2350: 464: 2658: 2653: 2648: 2638: 2376: 2183:"Special Regulaions & Technical Rules Synchronized Skating 2021". 1619:. Lausanne, Switzerland: International Skating Union. 14 October 2022 528: 490:

called this regulation the "Zagitova Rule", named for Russian skater

434: 430: 336: 184: 180: 2842: 2706: 1119:"ISU Progression of Highest Scores Statistics: Short Program Women" 863:"All the Figure Skating Lingo You Need to Know Before the Olympics" 1200:"ISU Progression of Highest Scores Statistics: Free Skating Women" 903: 2779: 2228: 970:"Olympic Figure Skating at Beijing 2022: Top Five Things to Know" 2224:

Surya Bonaly's backflip, landing on one foot, and triple Salchow

1996:"Inside the Niche, Glittery World of Figure Skating Dressmaking" 766:

Before 2018, half-loops were considered single-rotation jumps.

524: 1970:"The Surprising Engineering Behind Olympic Skaters' Costumes" 1735:"Communication No. 2494: Single & Pair Skating/Ice Dance" 1097:"Progression of Highest Scores Statistics: Short Program Men" 1587:"In Figure Skating, Russia's (Perfectly Legal) Secret Sauce" 2057:"Figure Skating Scoring System Set Up to Reward Difficulty" 1932:"The Ice Rink Becomes the Runway for Female Figure Skaters" 1795:"Figure Skating Taking Cole Porter Approach: Anything Goes" 294:

The short program is the first segment of single skating,

211:, any jumps with maximum of 2 revolutions, spins, etc.". 1640:"Appreciating Skating's Spins, the Art Behind the Sport" 2165:. Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press. 1367:"A GIF Guide to Figure Skaters' Jumps at the Olympics" 1178:"Progression of Highest Score: Men Free Skating Score" 1705: 1703: 1351: 1349: 1347: 1345: 1343: 1341: 1339: 1337: 1223: 1221: 1044: 721:

and other media outlets stated that, as of 2018, the

2189:"Technical Panel Handbook: Single Skating 2020/2021" 1875: 1873: 1871: 1869: 1867: 1821:"'Rhapsody in Blue' or Rap? Skating Will Add Vocals" 1765: 1763: 1761: 1571: 1569: 1518:"How Quad Jumps Have Changed Women's Figure Skating" 1037: 1035: 1033: 1014: 1012: 889: 887: 885: 883: 2163:

Culture on Ice: Figure Skating and Cultural Meaning

1894:"What Not to Wear: The Rules of Fashion on the Ice" 1403:"Communication No. 2168: Single & Pair Skating" 993: 991: 1700: 1657: 1550: 1548: 1334: 1218: 840: 838: 836: 1864: 1758: 1617:"New Rules for New Development in Figure Skating" 1566: 1030: 1009: 880: 3053: 2022:"How Can An International Sport Need a Costume?" 988: 347:combination with just one change of foot; and a 2853:World Professional Figure Skating Championships 1693: 1691: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1675: 1673: 1671: 1669: 1545: 1276:"'Figures' Don't Add up in Competition Anymore" 833: 215:regulations regarding falls and interruptions. 1925: 1923: 1729: 1727: 1717: 1715: 1511: 1509: 927: 2244: 1788: 1786: 1784: 1682: 1666: 1269: 1267: 1180:. International Skating Union. 16 April 2022 1099:. International Skating Union. 16 April 2022 2081:Abad-Santos, Alexander (11 February 2014). 2080: 1920: 1724: 1712: 1506: 1468: 1466: 1464: 1364: 1239: 945:"A Brief History of Women's Figure Skating" 409: 2251: 2237: 1887: 1885: 1781: 1365:Abad-Santos, Alexander (5 February 2014). 707: 574: 394: 38: 2083:"Why Figure Skaters Fall: A GIF Analysis" 2055:Hill, Maura Sullivan (12 February 2018). 1963: 1961: 1397: 1395: 1393: 1391: 1389: 1387: 1273: 1264: 655:from Russia, during his short program at 330:2022 European Figure Skating Championship 1967: 1819:Clarey, Christopher (18 February 2014). 1638:Clarey, Christopher (19 February 2014). 1461: 1063: 1055:sfn error: no target: CITEREFHines2011 ( 1021: 861:Hill, Maura Sullivan (6 February 2018). 666: 619: 584: 531:performs a bent-leg layover spin at the 523: 443: 279: 2205:. New York: Routledge. pp. 35–41. 2148:Historical Dictionary of Figure Skating 1930:Muther, Christopher (11 January 2014). 1882: 1584: 1152: 942: 253: 14: 3054: 1968:Santiago, Rebecca (16 February 2018). 1958: 1929: 1844: 1818: 1637: 1515: 1472: 1384: 1274:Loosemore, Sandra (16 December 1998). 856: 854: 852: 850: 2232: 2150:. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. 2019: 1993: 1792: 1611: 1609: 1607: 1432: 1313: 1307: 1050: 269: 3036: 2054: 1891: 1314:Sausa, Christie (1 September 2015). 1069: 860: 355: 1994:Pulia, Shalayne (8 December 2017). 1473:Walker, Elvin (19 September 2018). 1433:Brown, Stacia L. (18 August 2015). 847: 24: 2258: 1604: 1585:Germano, Sara (21 February 2018). 25: 3078: 2894:World Figure Skating Hall of Fame 2623:Competition elements in ice dance 2271:International Skating Union (ISU) 2217: 1793:Hersh, Philip (23 October 2014). 1252:. U.S. Figure Skating Association 1247:"Special Regulations For Figures" 555: 114:the first Winter Olympics in 1924 3035: 3026: 3025: 2960:Highest historical junior scores 2020:Lukas, Paul (14 December 2017). 943:Eschner, Kat (6 February 2018). 494:, who won the gold medal at the 287:performing his short program at 2127: 2118: 2109: 2100: 2074: 2048: 2039: 2013: 1987: 1949: 1911: 1892:Yang, Nancy (21 January 2016). 1845:Clarke, Liz (8 February 2018). 1838: 1812: 1772: 1749: 1631: 1578: 1557: 1536: 1497: 1452: 1426: 1417: 1358: 1298: 1230: 1192: 1170: 1161: 1146: 1137: 1111: 1089: 1000: 962: 936: 782: 769: 760: 102:Part of the Summer Olympics in 2140: 1516:Meyers, Dvora (2 March 2022). 918: 896: 824: 802: 747: 487:International Skating Magazine 312:European Championships in 1974 276:Short program (figure skating) 13: 1: 2491:Four Continents Championships 2203:The Science of Figure Skating 2115:Vescovi & VanHeest, p. 37 2106:Vescovi & VanHeest, p. 36 1070:Root, Tik (8 February 2018). 906:. International Skating Union 795: 592:(2008) performs an Ina Bauer. 1479:International Figure Skating 1155:International Figure Skating 1143:S&P/ID 2022, pp. 105–106 308:Worlds Championships in 1973 27:Discipline of figure skating 7: 1204:International Skating Union 1123:International Skating Union 662: 240:International Skating Union 233:, as well as a four-minute 131:International Skating Union 63:International Skating Union 10: 3083: 3067:Figure skating disciplines 2930:Figure skaters (ice dance) 2899:World Figure Sport Society 2557:Junior World Challenge Cup 2552:World Junior Championships 2521:World Junior Championships 2133:S&P/ID 2022, pp. 90–91 2124:S&P/ID 2022, pp. 18–19 2045:S&P/ID 2022, pp. 80–81 578: 559: 506: 418: 398: 359: 273: 222: 218: 3021: 2968: 2950:Highest historical scores 2907: 2861: 2833: 2788: 2720: 2682: 2631: 2585: 2574: 2539: 2466: 2457: 2395: 2359: 2303: 2294: 2266: 2161:Kestnbaum, Ellyn (2003). 373:2020 ISU Grand Prix Final 225:History of figure skating 167:(and jump combinations), 96: 91: 81: 73: 68: 55: 37: 18:Men's figure skating 2874:Doping in figure skating 2146:Hines, James R. (2011). 777:Technical Panel Handbook 740: 649:PyeongChang, South Korea 637: 502: 478:1982 World Championships 457:Pyeongchang, South Korea 414: 410:Competition requirements 49:2009 World Championships 2194:17 January 2021 at the 1709:S&P/ID 2022, p. 105 1663:S&P/ID 2022, p. 104 1591:The Wall Street Journal 1503:S&P/ID 2022, p. 108 1355:S&P/ID 2022, p. 103 1322:. Lake Placid, New York 1236:S&P/ID 2022, p. 110 1227:S&P/ID 2022, p. 109 893:S&P/ID 2022, p. 112 830:S&P/ID 2022, p. 102 708:Falls and interruptions 628: 575:Choreographic sequences 395:Compulsory figures (CF) 262:1973-1990: SP + FS + CF 2925:Figure skaters (pairs) 2920:Figure skaters (women) 2593:Choreographic sequence 2486:European Championships 2286:Records and statistics 1879:S&P/ID 2022, p. 79 1778:S&P/ID 2022, p. 11 1769:S&P/ID 2022, p. 18 1697:Technical panel, p. 12 1679:Technical panel, p. 11 1575:S&P/ID 2022, p. 16 1475:"New Season New Rules" 1041:S&P/ID 2022, p. 80 1018:S&P/ID 2022, p. 10 700:Also according to the 675: 593: 581:Choreographic sequence 536: 459: 437:) and edge jumps (the 389:choreographic sequence 291: 187:) and edge jumps (the 2955:Highest junior scores 997:S&P/ID 2022, p. 9 670: 657:Skate America in 2014 620:Rules and regulations 588: 533:2008 Grand Prix Final 527: 447: 332:in Tallinn, Estonia. 322:2022 Beijing Olympics 283: 265:1990-Ongoing: SP + FS 2915:Figure skaters (men) 2869:Adult figure skating 2540:Synchronized skating 2382:Synchronized skating 2276:National federations 509:Figure skating spins 496:2018 Winter Olympics 453:2018 Winter Olympics 421:Figure skating jumps 300:synchronized skating 254:Competition segments 248:London Games in 1908 191:, the loop, and the 135:London Games in 1908 2547:World Championships 2516:Youth Olympic Games 2481:World Championships 1851:The Washington Post 1076:The Washington Post 381:2021 Rostelecom Cup 242:(ISU), occurred in 125:is a discipline of 58:governing body 34: 2789:Moves in the field 2408:Demise and revival 2403:Compulsory figures 2346:ISU Judging System 1825:The New York Times 1644:The New York Times 1485:on 24 October 2018 775:See the 2022/2023 723:ISU Judging System 676: 594: 537: 517:The New York Times 460: 401:Compulsory figures 292: 289:2019 Skate America 270:Short program (SP) 259:1896-1973: FS + CF 231:compulsory figures 158:Compulsory figures 32: 3049: 3048: 2829: 2828: 2723:and basic strokes 2586:Required elements 2570: 2569: 2562:Challenger Series 2526:Junior Grand Prix 2511:World Team Trophy 2506:Challenger Series 2453: 2452: 2311:Glossary of terms 2211:978-1-138-22986-0 2156:978-0-8108-6859-5 1955:Kestnbaum, p. 119 1917:Kestnbaum, p. 186 1423:Hines, pp. 29, 91 1316:"Figures Revival" 844:Kestnbaum, p. 289 356:Free skating (FS) 324:. Russian skater 120: 119: 16:(Redirected from 3074: 3039: 3038: 3029: 3028: 2984:The Cutting Edge 2770: 2745: 2583: 2582: 2464: 2463: 2430:Compulsory dance 2301: 2300: 2253: 2246: 2239: 2230: 2229: 2134: 2131: 2125: 2122: 2116: 2113: 2107: 2104: 2098: 2097: 2095: 2093: 2087:Atlantic Monthly 2078: 2072: 2071: 2069: 2067: 2052: 2046: 2043: 2037: 2036: 2034: 2032: 2017: 2011: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2000:InStyle Magazine 1991: 1985: 1984: 1982: 1980: 1965: 1956: 1953: 1947: 1946: 1944: 1942: 1927: 1918: 1915: 1909: 1908: 1906: 1904: 1889: 1880: 1877: 1862: 1861: 1859: 1857: 1842: 1836: 1835: 1833: 1831: 1816: 1810: 1809: 1807: 1805: 1790: 1779: 1776: 1770: 1767: 1756: 1753: 1747: 1746: 1744: 1742: 1731: 1722: 1721:Tech panel, p. 6 1719: 1710: 1707: 1698: 1695: 1680: 1677: 1664: 1661: 1655: 1654: 1652: 1650: 1635: 1629: 1628: 1626: 1624: 1613: 1602: 1601: 1599: 1597: 1582: 1576: 1573: 1564: 1563:Kestnbaum, p. 99 1561: 1555: 1554:Kestnbaum, p. 96 1552: 1543: 1540: 1534: 1533: 1531: 1529: 1513: 1504: 1501: 1495: 1494: 1492: 1490: 1481:. Archived from 1470: 1459: 1458:Tech panel, p. 9 1456: 1450: 1449: 1447: 1445: 1439:The New Republic 1430: 1424: 1421: 1415: 1414: 1412: 1410: 1399: 1382: 1381: 1379: 1377: 1371:Atlantic Monthly 1362: 1356: 1353: 1332: 1331: 1329: 1327: 1320:Lake Placid News 1311: 1305: 1304:Kestnbaum, p. 82 1302: 1296: 1295: 1293: 1291: 1282:. Archived from 1271: 1262: 1261: 1259: 1257: 1251: 1243: 1237: 1234: 1228: 1225: 1216: 1215: 1213: 1211: 1196: 1190: 1189: 1187: 1185: 1174: 1168: 1165: 1159: 1158: 1150: 1144: 1141: 1135: 1134: 1132: 1130: 1115: 1109: 1108: 1106: 1104: 1093: 1087: 1086: 1084: 1082: 1067: 1061: 1060: 1048: 1042: 1039: 1028: 1025: 1019: 1016: 1007: 1004: 998: 995: 986: 985: 983: 981: 966: 960: 959: 957: 955: 940: 934: 933:Kestnbaum, p. 67 931: 925: 922: 916: 915: 913: 911: 900: 894: 891: 878: 877: 875: 873: 858: 845: 842: 831: 828: 822: 821: 819: 817: 806: 789: 786: 780: 773: 767: 764: 758: 751: 718:The Boston Globe 472:American skater 45:Carolina Kostner 42: 35: 31: 21: 3082: 3081: 3077: 3076: 3075: 3073: 3072: 3071: 3052: 3051: 3050: 3045: 3017: 2977:Blades of Glory 2964: 2903: 2879:Country changes 2857: 2835: 2825: 2784: 2768: 2743: 2722: 2716: 2678: 2627: 2578: 2576: 2566: 2535: 2468: 2467:Singles, pairs 2459: 2449: 2415:Special figures 2391: 2355: 2296: 2290: 2281:World Standings 2262: 2257: 2220: 2196:Wayback Machine 2143: 2138: 2137: 2132: 2128: 2123: 2119: 2114: 2110: 2105: 2101: 2091: 2089: 2079: 2075: 2065: 2063: 2053: 2049: 2044: 2040: 2030: 2028: 2018: 2014: 2004: 2002: 1992: 1988: 1978: 1976: 1966: 1959: 1954: 1950: 1940: 1938: 1928: 1921: 1916: 1912: 1902: 1900: 1890: 1883: 1878: 1865: 1855: 1853: 1843: 1839: 1829: 1827: 1817: 1813: 1803: 1801: 1799:Chicago Tribune 1791: 1782: 1777: 1773: 1768: 1759: 1754: 1750: 1740: 1738: 1733: 1732: 1725: 1720: 1713: 1708: 1701: 1696: 1683: 1678: 1667: 1662: 1658: 1648: 1646: 1636: 1632: 1622: 1620: 1615: 1614: 1605: 1595: 1593: 1583: 1579: 1574: 1567: 1562: 1558: 1553: 1546: 1542:Hines, p. xxvii 1541: 1537: 1527: 1525: 1522:FiveThirtyEight 1514: 1507: 1502: 1498: 1488: 1486: 1471: 1462: 1457: 1453: 1443: 1441: 1431: 1427: 1422: 1418: 1408: 1406: 1401: 1400: 1385: 1375: 1373: 1363: 1359: 1354: 1335: 1325: 1323: 1312: 1308: 1303: 1299: 1289: 1287: 1286:on 27 July 2008 1272: 1265: 1255: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1244: 1240: 1235: 1231: 1226: 1219: 1209: 1207: 1206:. 17 April 2022 1198: 1197: 1193: 1183: 1181: 1176: 1175: 1171: 1166: 1162: 1151: 1147: 1142: 1138: 1128: 1126: 1125:. 17 April 2022 1117: 1116: 1112: 1102: 1100: 1095: 1094: 1090: 1080: 1078: 1068: 1064: 1054: 1053:, p. xxvi. 1049: 1045: 1040: 1031: 1026: 1022: 1017: 1010: 1005: 1001: 996: 989: 979: 977: 968: 967: 963: 953: 951: 949:Smithsonian.com 941: 937: 932: 928: 923: 919: 909: 907: 902: 901: 897: 892: 881: 871: 869: 859: 848: 843: 834: 829: 825: 815: 813: 808: 807: 803: 798: 793: 792: 787: 783: 774: 770: 765: 761: 752: 748: 743: 710: 665: 653:Artur Gachinski 640: 631: 622: 583: 577: 564: 558: 511: 505: 423: 417: 412: 403: 397: 364: 358: 278: 272: 256: 227: 221: 111: 69:Characteristics 51: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3080: 3070: 3069: 3064: 3062:Single skating 3047: 3046: 3044: 3043: 3033: 3022: 3019: 3018: 3016: 3015: 3008: 3001: 2994: 2987: 2980: 2972: 2970: 2966: 2965: 2963: 2962: 2957: 2952: 2947: 2945:Highest scores 2942: 2937: 2935:Olympic venues 2932: 2927: 2922: 2917: 2911: 2909: 2905: 2904: 2902: 2901: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2881: 2876: 2871: 2865: 2863: 2859: 2858: 2856: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2839: 2837: 2831: 2830: 2827: 2826: 2824: 2823: 2818: 2813: 2808: 2803: 2798: 2792: 2790: 2786: 2785: 2783: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2737: 2732: 2726: 2724: 2718: 2717: 2715: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2703: 2702: 2700:Biellmann spin 2697: 2686: 2684: 2680: 2679: 2677: 2676: 2674:Quadruple jump 2671: 2666: 2661: 2656: 2651: 2646: 2641: 2635: 2633: 2629: 2628: 2626: 2625: 2620: 2615: 2610: 2605: 2600: 2595: 2589: 2587: 2580: 2572: 2571: 2568: 2567: 2565: 2564: 2559: 2554: 2549: 2543: 2541: 2537: 2536: 2534: 2533: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2472: 2470: 2461: 2455: 2454: 2451: 2450: 2448: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2435:Original dance 2432: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2411: 2410: 2399: 2397: 2393: 2392: 2390: 2389: 2384: 2379: 2374: 2369: 2367:Single skating 2363: 2361: 2357: 2356: 2354: 2353: 2348: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2328: 2323: 2318: 2313: 2307: 2305: 2298: 2292: 2291: 2289: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2267: 2264: 2263: 2260:Figure skating 2256: 2255: 2248: 2241: 2233: 2227: 2226: 2219: 2218:External links 2216: 2215: 2214: 2199: 2186: 2180: 2174: 2159: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2135: 2126: 2117: 2108: 2099: 2073: 2047: 2038: 2012: 1986: 1957: 1948: 1919: 1910: 1881: 1863: 1837: 1811: 1780: 1771: 1757: 1748: 1723: 1711: 1699: 1681: 1665: 1656: 1630: 1603: 1577: 1565: 1556: 1544: 1535: 1505: 1496: 1460: 1451: 1425: 1416: 1383: 1357: 1333: 1306: 1297: 1280:CBS SportsLine 1263: 1238: 1229: 1217: 1191: 1169: 1160: 1145: 1136: 1110: 1088: 1062: 1043: 1029: 1020: 1008: 999: 987: 961: 935: 926: 917: 895: 879: 846: 832: 823: 800: 799: 797: 794: 791: 790: 781: 768: 759: 755:2021–22 season 745: 744: 742: 739: 709: 706: 664: 661: 639: 636: 630: 627: 621: 618: 600:, arabesques, 579:Main article: 576: 573: 560:Main article: 557: 556:Step sequences 554: 507:Main article: 504: 501: 492:Alina Zagitova 449:Alina Zagitova 419:Main article: 416: 413: 411: 408: 399:Main article: 396: 393: 377:Kamila Valieva 360:Main article: 357: 354: 326:Kamila Valieva 274:Main article: 271: 268: 267: 266: 263: 260: 255: 252: 223:Main article: 220: 217: 199:, arabesques, 173:step sequences 154:Kamila Valieva 127:figure skating 123:Single skating 118: 117: 100: 94: 93: 89: 88: 83: 79: 78: 75: 71: 70: 66: 65: 60: 53: 52: 43: 33:Single skating 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3079: 3068: 3065: 3063: 3060: 3059: 3057: 3042: 3034: 3032: 3024: 3023: 3020: 3014: 3013: 3009: 3007: 3006: 3002: 3000: 2999: 2995: 2993: 2992: 2988: 2986: 2985: 2981: 2979: 2978: 2974: 2973: 2971: 2969:Film & TV 2967: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2943: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2912: 2910: 2906: 2900: 2897: 2895: 2892: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2877: 2875: 2872: 2870: 2867: 2866: 2864: 2860: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2840: 2838: 2832: 2822: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2812: 2809: 2807: 2804: 2802: 2799: 2797: 2794: 2793: 2791: 2787: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2727: 2725: 2719: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2692: 2691: 2688: 2687: 2685: 2681: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2669:Toe loop jump 2667: 2665: 2662: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2645: 2642: 2640: 2637: 2636: 2634: 2630: 2624: 2621: 2619: 2618:Step sequence 2616: 2614: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2604: 2601: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2591: 2590: 2588: 2584: 2581: 2573: 2563: 2560: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2545: 2544: 2542: 2538: 2531: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2476:Olympic Games 2474: 2473: 2471: 2469:and ice dance 2465: 2462: 2458:International 2456: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2421: 2420:Short program 2418: 2416: 2413: 2409: 2406: 2405: 2404: 2401: 2400: 2398: 2394: 2388: 2385: 2383: 2380: 2378: 2375: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2365: 2364: 2362: 2358: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2344: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2308: 2306: 2302: 2299: 2293: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2268: 2265: 2261: 2254: 2249: 2247: 2242: 2240: 2235: 2234: 2231: 2225: 2222: 2221: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2197: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2144: 2130: 2121: 2112: 2103: 2088: 2084: 2077: 2062: 2058: 2051: 2042: 2027: 2023: 2016: 2001: 1997: 1990: 1975: 1974:New York Post 1971: 1964: 1962: 1952: 1937: 1933: 1926: 1924: 1914: 1899: 1895: 1888: 1886: 1876: 1874: 1872: 1870: 1868: 1852: 1848: 1841: 1826: 1822: 1815: 1800: 1796: 1789: 1787: 1785: 1775: 1766: 1764: 1762: 1755:Hines, p. xxv 1752: 1736: 1730: 1728: 1718: 1716: 1706: 1704: 1694: 1692: 1690: 1688: 1686: 1676: 1674: 1672: 1670: 1660: 1645: 1641: 1634: 1618: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1592: 1588: 1581: 1572: 1570: 1560: 1551: 1549: 1539: 1523: 1519: 1512: 1510: 1500: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1469: 1467: 1465: 1455: 1440: 1436: 1429: 1420: 1404: 1398: 1396: 1394: 1392: 1390: 1388: 1372: 1368: 1361: 1352: 1350: 1348: 1346: 1344: 1342: 1340: 1338: 1321: 1317: 1310: 1301: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1270: 1268: 1248: 1242: 1233: 1224: 1222: 1205: 1201: 1195: 1179: 1173: 1167:SS 2022, p. 6 1164: 1157:. p. 23. 1156: 1149: 1140: 1124: 1120: 1114: 1098: 1092: 1077: 1073: 1066: 1058: 1052: 1047: 1038: 1036: 1034: 1027:SS 2021, p. 8 1024: 1015: 1013: 1006:SS 2022, p. 6 1003: 994: 992: 975: 971: 965: 950: 946: 939: 930: 921: 905: 899: 890: 888: 886: 884: 868: 864: 857: 855: 853: 851: 841: 839: 837: 827: 811: 805: 801: 785: 778: 772: 763: 756: 750: 746: 738: 734: 730: 726: 724: 720: 719: 714: 705: 703: 702:New York Post 698: 696: 695: 694:New York Post 688: 686: 685:Katarina Witt 680: 673: 672:Katarina Witt 669: 660: 658: 654: 650: 646: 635: 626: 617: 613: 611: 607: 603: 602:spread eagles 599: 591: 587: 582: 572: 568: 563: 562:Step sequence 553: 549: 545: 541: 534: 530: 526: 522: 519: 518: 510: 500: 497: 493: 489: 488: 481: 479: 475: 469: 466: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 440: 436: 432: 428: 422: 407: 402: 392: 390: 384: 382: 378: 374: 370: 363: 353: 350: 349:step sequence 346: 342: 339:; one triple 338: 333: 331: 327: 323: 319: 315: 313: 309: 305: 301: 297: 290: 286: 282: 277: 264: 261: 258: 257: 251: 249: 245: 241: 236: 232: 226: 216: 212: 210: 206: 202: 201:spread eagles 198: 194: 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 161: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 142:short program 138: 136: 132: 128: 124: 115: 109: 105: 101: 99: 95: 90: 87: 86:Figure skates 84: 80: 76: 72: 67: 64: 61: 59: 54: 50: 46: 41: 36: 30: 19: 3010: 3003: 2998:Spinning Out 2996: 2991:Ice Princess 2989: 2982: 2975: 2940:Competitions 2889:Kiss and cry 2834:Professional 2821:Spread eagle 2806:Hydroblading 2780:Twizzle turn 2750:Counter turn 2740:Choctaw turn 2735:Bracket turn 2721:Steps, turns 2695:Layback spin 2690:Upright spin 2664:Salchow jump 2598:Death spiral 2460:competitions 2440:Rhythm dance 2425:Free skating 2387:Four skating 2372:Pair skating 2366: 2321:Figure skate 2202: 2162: 2147: 2129: 2120: 2111: 2102: 2090:. Retrieved 2086: 2076: 2064:. Retrieved 2061:Boston Globe 2060: 2050: 2041: 2031:24 September 2029:. Retrieved 2025: 2015: 2003:. Retrieved 1999: 1989: 1977:. Retrieved 1973: 1951: 1939:. Retrieved 1936:Boston Globe 1935: 1913: 1901:. Retrieved 1897: 1856:24 September 1854:. Retrieved 1850: 1840: 1828:. Retrieved 1824: 1814: 1802:. Retrieved 1798: 1774: 1751: 1739:. Retrieved 1659: 1647:. Retrieved 1643: 1633: 1621:. Retrieved 1596:22 September 1594:. Retrieved 1590: 1580: 1559: 1538: 1526:. Retrieved 1521: 1499: 1487:. Retrieved 1483:the original 1478: 1454: 1442:. Retrieved 1438: 1428: 1419: 1407:. Retrieved 1374:. Retrieved 1370: 1360: 1324:. Retrieved 1319: 1309: 1300: 1288:. Retrieved 1284:the original 1279: 1254:. Retrieved 1241: 1232: 1208:. Retrieved 1203: 1194: 1182:. Retrieved 1172: 1163: 1154: 1148: 1139: 1127:. Retrieved 1122: 1113: 1101:. Retrieved 1091: 1079:. Retrieved 1075: 1065: 1046: 1023: 1002: 978:. Retrieved 974:Olympics.com 973: 964: 952:. Retrieved 948: 938: 929: 924:Hines, p. xx 920: 908:. Retrieved 898: 870:. Retrieved 867:Cosmopolitan 866: 826: 816:21 September 814:. Retrieved 804: 784: 776: 771: 762: 749: 735: 731: 727: 716: 715: 711: 701: 699: 692: 689: 681: 677: 641: 632: 623: 614: 610:hydroblading 595: 590:Nobunari Oda 569: 565: 550: 546: 542: 538: 515: 512: 485: 482: 474:Elaine Zayak 470: 461: 424: 404: 385: 365: 362:Free skating 334: 316: 296:pair skating 293: 235:free skating 228: 213: 209:hydroblading 162: 146:free skating 139: 122: 121: 74:Team members 29: 3005:Yuri on Ice 2848:Ice theatre 2796:Besti squat 2775:Rocker turn 2765:Mohawk turn 2360:Disciplines 2336:Competition 2295:Competitive 2141:Works cited 2092:12 November 1623:13 December 369:Nathan Chen 318:Nathan Chen 310:and at the 285:Nathan Chen 150:Nathan Chen 77:Individuals 3056:Categories 3012:Zero Chill 2884:Grand Slam 2801:Cantilever 2730:Three turn 2712:Camel spin 2644:Euler jump 2496:Grand Prix 2445:Free dance 2351:6.0 system 2171:0819566411 1524:. ABC News 1051:Hines 2011 796:References 606:Ina Bauers 433:, and the 304:free skate 205:Ina Bauers 183:, and the 2843:Ice shows 2811:Ina Bauer 2760:Loop turn 2755:Crossover 2659:Lutz jump 2654:Loop jump 2649:Flip jump 2639:Axel jump 2577:and other 2377:Ice dance 2066:11 August 2005:11 August 1979:11 August 1941:11 August 1903:11 August 1830:11 August 1804:11 August 1649:10 August 1489:10 August 1444:10 August 1409:10 August 1376:10 August 1326:10 August 1290:10 August 1256:10 August 904:"History" 872:11 August 529:Yu-Na Kim 148:program. 82:Equipment 3031:Category 2707:Sit spin 2575:Elements 2396:Segments 2192:Archived 2026:ESPN.com 1898:MPR News 1210:9 August 1184:9 August 1129:9 August 1103:9 August 1081:9 August 980:8 August 954:9 August 910:9 August 663:Clothing 427:toe loop 177:toe loop 144:and the 116:to today 112:Part of 92:Presence 56:Highest 3041:Commons 2836:skating 2316:History 2304:General 2297:skating 1528:23 July 674:in 1988 598:spirals 521:grasp". 451:at the 439:Salchow 219:History 197:spirals 189:Salchow 98:Olympic 47:at the 2816:Spiral 2769: 2744: 2341:Season 2209: 2169: 2154: 1741:5 July 976:. 2022 779:p. 12. 429:, the 298:, and 179:, the 2908:Lists 2862:Other 2771:step) 2746:step) 2683:Spins 2632:Jumps 2613:Spins 2608:Lifts 2603:Jumps 2579:moves 2530:Final 2500:Final 1250:(PDF) 741:Notes 638:Music 503:Spins 465:Euler 415:Jumps 169:spins 165:jumps 2331:Club 2326:Rink 2207:ISBN 2167:ISBN 2152:ISBN 2094:2019 2068:2022 2033:2022 2007:2022 1981:2021 1943:2021 1905:2022 1858:2022 1832:2022 1806:2022 1743:2022 1651:2022 1625:2022 1598:2022 1530:2022 1491:2022 1446:2022 1411:2022 1378:2022 1328:2022 1292:2022 1258:2022 1212:2022 1186:2022 1131:2022 1105:2022 1083:2022 1057:help 982:2022 956:2022 912:2022 874:2022 818:2022 645:2018 629:Time 435:Lutz 431:flip 345:spin 341:jump 337:Axel 244:1896 193:Axel 185:Lutz 181:flip 108:1920 106:and 104:1908 647:in 455:in 3058:: 2767:(C 2742:(S 2085:. 2059:. 2024:. 1998:. 1972:. 1960:^ 1934:. 1922:^ 1896:. 1884:^ 1866:^ 1849:. 1823:. 1797:. 1783:^ 1760:^ 1726:^ 1714:^ 1702:^ 1684:^ 1668:^ 1642:. 1606:^ 1589:. 1568:^ 1547:^ 1520:. 1508:^ 1477:. 1463:^ 1437:. 1386:^ 1369:. 1336:^ 1318:. 1278:. 1266:^ 1220:^ 1202:. 1121:. 1074:. 1032:^ 1011:^ 990:^ 972:. 947:. 882:^ 865:. 849:^ 835:^ 659:. 608:, 604:, 383:. 375:. 250:. 207:, 203:, 171:, 137:. 110:; 2532:) 2528:( 2502:) 2498:( 2252:e 2245:t 2238:v 2213:. 2173:. 2158:. 2096:. 2070:. 2035:. 2009:. 1983:. 1945:. 1907:. 1860:. 1834:. 1808:. 1745:. 1653:. 1627:. 1600:. 1532:. 1493:. 1448:. 1413:. 1380:. 1330:. 1294:. 1260:. 1214:. 1188:. 1133:. 1107:. 1085:. 1059:) 984:. 958:. 914:. 876:. 820:. 757:. 535:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index