1112:
1592:
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1230:
1100:
1152:
2683:
2945:
3029:
1088:
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3212:
3200:
3188:
3176:
3164:
3152:
3140:
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3114:
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1201:
1180:
1159:
299:
268:
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1173:
1470:
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3005:
3017:
2885:
1111:
2993:
34:
2921:
2909:
1219:
1481:
1635:
The
Mengjiang state also had 5 Defense Divisions in 1943, made up of local militia and other security forces, nominally of three regiments. Apparently only one of these regiments in each division was capable of operations. In 1944, the Japanese reorganized them along with the Chahar garrisons into
1623:
After the
Suiyuan Campaign, the Mengjiang National Army was rebuilt from the defeated remnants of the Inner Mongolian Army, the new eight Mongol cavalry Divisions were 1,500 men strong, in three regiments of 500 men. Each regiment were to have three Saber companies and a machine gun company of 120
1619:
submachine gun for Teh Wang's 1,000 bodyguard troops. They had 70 artillery pieces, mostly mortars and a few captured
Chinese mountain and field guns of a variety of types (making ammo and spare parts a problem). The few tanks and armored cars were captured Chinese vehicles crewed by Japanese.
2856:
1139:
2849:
1627:
In 1939, the ethnic
Chinese troops in the Mongol Divisions were brigaded together in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Divisions and turned into the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Ch'ing An Tui Brigades of the "Mongolian Pacification Force" and used against various guerrilla groups.
1631:
In 1943, the Mongol 4th and 5th
Divisions were combined to form a new 8th Division and the old 7th and 8th Divisions formed the new 9th Division. Strength of the army was between 4,000–10,000 men, all cavalry at this time and had little heavy equipment.
2842:
1642:
The sole secondary language which could be taught in schools was
Japanese while students were forced to pay respect to the Emperor of Japan and Shinto. The government and army of Mengjiang were complete puppets of the Japanese.
1281:
1151:
1687:
1767:
1511:
Longyan into production, with a reserve of 91,645,000 tonnes in 1941; and analyzed the reserves of coal in land, one was 504 tonnes, and another with a potential production of 202,000 of tonnes (1934).
1273:
1672:
1286:
1253:
1377:
1243:
1040:(улс) in Mongolian, which means "country". Thus, the name in Chinese implied Mengjiang to be an autonomous region of China, whereas in Mongolian the name implied it to be an independent state.
1639:
At the end of the war, a total of six divisions (two
Cavalry and four Infantry), three Independent Ch'ing An Tui Brigades and a "Pao An Tui" Security Force Regiment made up the Army.
298:
2961:
287:
1118:
1099:
648:
634:
609:
595:
581:
567:
1545:
special force group under direct command, having native commanders alongside
Japanese commanding officers, as in other auxiliary outer sections of the Kwantung Army.
1957:
875:
333:
2344:
1712:
3298:
2642:
1773:
1122:
2691:
3328:
2056:
3313:
1489:
1248:
2506:
1966:
3082:
2429:
2327:
1786:
1036:). The term "state" (邦) was specifically chosen to appease both the Chinese and Mengjiang governments, as both "state" and "country" translated to
2332:
2315:
3254:
1591:
2834:
2594:
2585:
2094:
1929:
2461:
2682:
3303:
3094:
2973:
2796:
2774:
2511:
2441:
1950:
1556:), or the north China areas, and to act as a local security force, with the local police forces. It also had the duty of protecting Prince
1303:
1126:
2823:
2154:
2149:
1519:(another Mengjiang occupied sector), including one of 417 million tonnes, and one with a potential extraction of 58,000 tonnes in 1940.
3204:
3192:
2672:
2628:
2337:
2322:
2528:
2019:
1348:: Director of the Counseling Bureau and Sub-General, Chairman of the House, President of the Preparatory School for Studying in Japan
1193:
1172:
1130:
1074:
506:
2486:
1943:
304:
2563:
3308:
3230:
2714:
3323:
3131:
2662:
1853:
1826:
1361:
1229:
2523:
1145:
A lecture held in Japan in 1940 discussing Inner
Mongolia and Mengjiang, note the map in the background featuring the state
3106:
2784:
2638:
2310:
2272:
1507:
The
Japanese had mineral interests in their created state of Mengjiang. In one example the Japanese put the iron mine in
1163:
997:
951:
586:
2757:
1515:
The Mengjiang iron deposits were exported directly to Japan. At the same time, the Japanese sought the coal reserves of
98:
2925:
2913:
2578:
2471:
1268:
1263:
1205:
1184:
1013:
1009:
614:
600:
1087:
70:
3216:
2779:
2657:
2026:
1970:
1751:
1662:
1200:
1179:
1158:
1047:
reorganized the remnants of the occupied Chinese government for a Japanese puppet state, commonly referred to as the
572:
117:
1935:
3156:
3144:
2901:
2747:
2667:
2633:
2496:
2419:
1016:
were merged with the Mongol United Autonomous Government, creating the new Mengjiang United Autonomous Government (
3338:
3333:
2752:
2501:
2134:
77:
2864:
2099:
1579:. It was organised as a mobile cavalry and light infantry force with little artillery support, and did not have
1117:
The Reformed Government's territory in central China from 1937 until 1940 when all three states, Mengjiang, the
2762:
2404:
1553:
939:
899:
641:
55:
3118:
2647:
2571:
2466:
2195:
1652:
1055:. Mengjiang was nominally incorporated into the regime in 1940, though it remained autonomous from Nanjing.
3235:
3180:
2709:
2652:
2618:
2381:
2349:
1059:
84:
2446:
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3070:
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2699:
2424:
2036:
958:
and in 1936 proclaimed itself the independent Mongol Military Government, allied with Japan under Prince
1794:
3034:
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2769:
2548:
2516:
2481:
2225:
51:
66:
2623:
2535:
2456:
2257:
2247:
766:
1741:
1332:: Minister of Communications, Head of the Mongolian Cultural Centre, Rector of the Mongolian Academy
2997:
2735:
2543:
2282:
2144:
2089:
2084:
2009:
1432:, meaning "Mongol Territories", came from the acceptance speech of chairmanship by Demchugdongrub:
1414:: Colonel, engaged in Chahar area operation as Staff Officer, Kwantung Army, North China Detachment
1387:
474:
281:
267:
2593:
2491:
2451:
2409:
2391:
2386:
2305:
2262:
2252:
2237:
2185:
2117:
2079:
2041:
1692:
1624:
men. However these divisions actually ranged in size from 1,000 men to 2,000 men (8th Division).
44:
2061:
1549:
1335:
1843:
1816:
2267:
1576:
1560:, the head of state, and the Mengjiang native establishment and local government properties.
432:
404:
878:(which was itself also a puppet state). It consisted of the previously Chinese provinces of
3318:
2949:
2359:
2232:
2220:
2210:
2104:
2069:
1667:
1657:
1608:
1528:
1370:: Director of the Department of Finance (1937–1939), Member of the Mengjiang Bank Committee
1317:
1258:
824:
8:
2985:
2364:
2277:
2205:
2129:
1537:
was the Japanese-created native army organized in Mengjiang; not to be confused with the
1048:
627:
419:
1417:
3293:
2819:
2139:
1906:
1070:
923:
365:
247:
187:
91:
2719:
886:, corresponding to the central part of modern Inner Mongolia. It has also been called
3058:
2434:
1965:
1849:
1822:
1747:
955:
510:
398:
370:
329:
273:
206:
145:
2014:
1611:
was armed with Mauser rifles and they had 200 machine guns: mostly the Czechoslovak
1496:
without years on it. Some traditional local money shops also made currency with the
3046:
2122:
2109:
2074:
1898:
1508:
1405:
1399:
969:
966:
780:
722:
691:
394:
390:
360:
210:
149:
1924:
2866:
2598:
2476:
2176:
1889:
1568:
1383:
1021:
927:
879:
871:
859:
323:
20:
3009:
2610:
2354:
2297:
2031:
1884:
1493:
1473:
1323:
1299:
1222:
1078:
989:
959:
919:
863:
743:
538:
456:
1688:
Treaty of friendship and alliance between the Government of Mongolia and Tibet
3287:
3269:
3256:
2046:
1997:
1596:
1542:
1469:
1411:
1408:: Commander of the 1st Independent Mixed Brigade, Chahar Expeditionary Force
2870:
2602:
2399:
2159:
1992:
1497:
1480:
1393:
1367:
1063:
1044:
1032:. On August 4, 1941, it was again renamed: the Mongolian Autonomous State (
867:
729:
480:
414:
319:
1673:
List of East Asian leaders in the Japanese sphere of influence (1931-1945)
3240:
2164:
1983:
1600:
1538:
1077:. Most of the area, with the notable exception of Kalgan, is now part of
1025:
1005:
915:
347:
1910:
1373:
1339:
1329:
1309:
1306:
Head of State; Commander of the Mongolian Military Command Headquarters
3021:
2889:
2814:
2414:
2369:
2200:
1677:
1572:
1354:: Commander of the Mongol Militia, Deputy commander of the Pao An Tui
1345:
943:
911:
907:
1902:
1874:
Rays of the Rising Sun: Armed Forces of Japan's Asian Allies 1931–45
33:
2242:
2190:
2051:
1616:
1357:
1351:
1066:
947:
386:
16:
Imperial Japanese puppet state in northern China from 1939 to 1945
1557:
1516:
1442:
1313:
1218:
1052:
993:
973:
883:
1682:
1564:
1029:
409:
1051:, or the Reorganized National Government, with its capital in
918:, from where it was under the nominal rule of Mongol nobleman
2215:
1612:
1364:, Vice-Chairman of the Mongolian United Autonomous Government
996:
as its first chairman. It was renamed in October 1937 as the
801:
666:
874:, then from 1940 being under the nominal sovereignty of the
1580:
1162:
Flag of the Mongol Military Government (1936–1937) and the
2865:
States and territories in the sphere of influence of the
976:
saw the occupation and absorption of that province, too.
984:
Formed on May 12, 1936, the Mongol Military Government (
876:
Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China
334:
Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China
1380:, Vice-Chairman of the Mongolian Autonomous Federation
922:. The territory returned to Chinese control after the
829:
942:
in 1931 and the establishment of the puppet state of
748:
734:
1841:
1814:
1548:
The purpose of the army was to support any eventual
1105:
A map of the Mengjiang United Autonomous Government
58:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1396:: Commanding General of the Mongolia Garrison Army
1282:People's Autonomous Government of Eastern Mongolia
1028:, with the government's control extending around
3285:
2663:Sarawak, Brunei, Labuan and British North Borneo
1739:
1743:A short history of Nationalist China, 1919–1949
785:
771:
2095:National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands
1967:Collaboration with Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy
1835:
806:
3299:States and territories disestablished in 1945
2850:
2579:
1951:
1930:Mongolian education under the Japanese regime
1887:(December 1937). "The Phantom of Mengkukuo".
1233:Foundation ceremony of Mengjiang's government
954:, the armies of Manchukuo and Japan occupied
696:
1808:
1776:on January 7, 2017, retrieved April 27, 2021
1500:numbering system, such as the Jiachen Year (
3329:Mongolian collaborators with Imperial Japan
1004:). On September 1, 1939, the predominantly
182:Монголын Өөртөө Засах Холбоот Засгийн Ордон
3314:States and territories established in 1939
2857:
2843:
2586:
2572:
1958:
1944:
1848:. Stanford University Press. p. 168.
1821:. Stanford University Press. p. 166.
1131:Reorganized National Government of the ROC
1058:Mengjiang capitulated in 1945 when it was
946:, Japan sought to expand its influence in
297:
1883:
1845:China at War: Regions of China, 1937–1945
1818:China at War: Regions of China, 1937–1945
1733:
1326:: First Chairman of Mengjiang (1936–1938)
1274:United Autonomous Government of Mengjiang
950:and North China. In a series of actions,
118:Learn how and when to remove this message
2986:Reorganized National Government of China
1590:
1479:
1468:
1287:Pailingmiao Autonomous Political Council
1228:
1217:
1075:Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation
628:Reorganized National Government of China
1254:Mongolian Military Command Headquarters
305:Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere
3286:
3231:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
2938:Mengjiang United Autonomous Government
1779:
856:Mengjiang United Autonomous Government
303:Mengjiang (dark green) along side the
134:Mengjiang United Autonomous Government
2838:
2567:
1939:
1476:issued by the Bank of Mengjiang, 1940
1402:: Commander of Mongolia Garrison Army
1378:Southern Chahar Autonomous Government
1362:Northern Shanxi Autonomous Government
1342:, General commander of the Ordos army
1244:Directorate General of Communications
3022:Provisional Government of Free India
1793:, September 22, 2003, archived from
1715:. 内蒙古人民出版社 – via Google Books.
1278:Government Mongol administrative uls
307:(light green) at its furthest extent
56:adding citations to reliable sources
27:
3304:Former countries in Chinese history
2273:Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman
1563:The army was equipped with rifles,
1552:operations against Outer Mongolia (
1164:Mongol United Autonomous Government
1125:of the same name and flag) and the
1081:in the People's Republic of China.
998:Mongol United Autonomous Government
910:, another Japanese puppet state in
587:Mongol United Autonomous Government
13:
2926:South Chahar Autonomous Government
2914:North Shanxi Autonomous Government
2595:Countries and territories occupied
1866:
1636:four Divisions of 2,000 men each.
1269:South Chahar Autonomous Government
1264:North Shanxi Autonomous Government
1206:North Shanxi Autonomous Government
1185:South Chahar Autonomous Government
1020:). The capital was established at
615:North Shanxi Autonomous Government
601:South Chahar Autonomous Government
14:
3350:
2027:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
1918:
1567:, light and medium machine guns,
1484:A 1943 postage stamp of Mengjiang
1119:Provisional Government of the ROC
3210:
3198:
3186:
3174:
3162:
3150:
3138:
3125:
3112:
3100:
3088:
3076:
3064:
3052:
3040:
3027:
3015:
3003:
2991:
2979:
2967:
2955:
2943:
2931:
2919:
2907:
2902:East Hebei Autonomous Government
2895:
2883:
2681:
2123:Russian Liberation People's Army
1199:
1192:
1178:
1171:
1157:
1150:
1138:
1110:
1098:
1086:
646:
632:
607:
593:
579:
565:
280:
266:
32:
2962:Provisional Government of China
2135:Slovak Expeditionary Army Group
1237:
507:Reorganized National Government
43:needs additional citations for
19:For the Chinese folk tale, see
1760:
1727:山西通志: 政务志. 人民代表大会, 政府篇, 政治协商会议
1719:
1705:
1663:Inner Mongolian People's Party
1501:
1449:
1289:(Mongolian political movement)
1127:Reformed Government of the ROC
1033:
1017:
1001:
985:
903:
830:
749:
735:
697:
642:Soviet occupation of Manchuria
156:Měngjiāng Liánhé Zìzhì Zhèngfǔ
1:
3309:Former countries in East Asia
2950:Shanghai Great Way Government
2196:Collaborationist Chinese Army
1842:Stephen R. MacKinnon (2007).
1815:Stephen R. MacKinnon (2007).
1653:Collaborationist Chinese Army
1488:The Japanese established the
1121:(not to be confused with the
933:
505:• Incorporated into the
3236:Greater East Asia Conference
2974:Reformed Government of China
1698:
1586:
1390:, Chinese bandit and Warlord
7:
3035:Republic of the Philippines
2643:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
2037:Battaglione Azad Hindoustan
1646:
1554:Mongolian People's Republic
1522:
1213:
10:
3355:
3095:Occupied Dutch East Indies
2226:First Indian National Army
1526:
1464:
979:
195:Mongolian Autonomous State
18:
3226:
2877:
2807:
2728:
2690:
2679:
2609:
2295:
2175:
1991:
1981:
1977:
1880:. Solihull: Helion, 2004.
1740:George F. Botjer (1979).
1293:
841:
823:
818:
814:
807:
800:
795:
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779:
772:
765:
760:
742:
728:
721:
716:
712:
704:
690:
685:
681:
676:
662:
544:
534:
530:
520:
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493:
489:
466:
462:
450:
446:
438:
428:
379:
353:
343:
312:
296:
262:
257:
242:Монголын Өөртөө Засах Yлс
132:
3324:Japan–Mongolia relations
3205:Occupied Solomon Islands
3193:Occupied Gilbert Islands
3083:Kingdom of Luang Prabang
2145:Ukrainian Insurgent Army
2090:National Republican Army
2085:Latvian Auxiliary Police
2010:Albanian Fascist Militia
1440:originally owned by the
1388:Grand Han Righteous Army
1376:: Supreme Member of the
1360:: Supreme Member of the
1316:, Chief of Staff of the
475:Second Sino-Japanese War
3132:Occupied British Borneo
2263:Royal Thai Armed Forces
2253:Manchukuo Imperial Army
2238:Lanka Sama Samaja Party
2186:Burma Independence Army
2118:Russian Liberation Army
2080:Kalmykian Cavalry Corps
2042:Belarusian Home Defence
2006:Albanian collaborators
1746:. Putnam. p. 180.
1693:Wang Jingwei Government
1535:Mengjiang National Army
1424:
940:occupation of Manchuria
420:Mongolian folk religion
162:Mōkyō Rengō Jichi Seifu
3339:Military dictatorships
3334:History of Zhangjiakou
2248:Malayan Volunteer Army
2114:Russian collaborators
2062:Finnish Defence Forces
1932:(archived 24 May 2006)
1772:, 1937, archived from
1766:D. E. Helmuth (2007).
1604:
1485:
1477:
1336:Altanochir (1882-1949)
1234:
1226:
1093:Inner Mongolia in 1911
866:, formed in 1939 as a
522:• Disestablished
3107:Occupied West Sumatra
2268:Russian Fascist Party
2057:Croatian Armed Forces
1878:China & Manchuria
1603:, Hebei, in the 1950s
1594:
1483:
1472:
1232:
1221:
433:Military dictatorship
405:Chinese folk religion
354:Common languages
3071:Kingdom of Kampuchea
2233:Inner Mongolian Army
2221:Indian National Army
2105:Royal Hungarian Army
2100:Romanian Land Forces
1797:on November 17, 2007
1769:A New Stamp Country?
1668:Japanese imperialism
1658:Inner Mongolian Army
1609:Inner Mongolian Army
1529:Inner Mongolian Army
1318:Inner Mongolian Army
1259:Inner Mongolian Army
1026:Kalgan (Zhangjiakou)
52:improve this article
3266: /
3217:Occupied New Guinea
2998:Kingdom of Thailand
2278:Takasago Volunteers
2206:Gando Special Force
2130:Security Battalions
1872:Jowett, Phillip S.
1791:Inner Mongolia News
1386:: Commander of the
1049:Wang Jingwei Regime
914:). The capital was
495:• Established
3270:40.817°N 114.883°E
3157:Occupied Singapore
3145:Occupied Hong Kong
2820:South Seas Mandate
2140:Slovene Home Guard
1605:
1577:anti-aircraft guns
1486:
1478:
1420:: Military advisor
1235:
1227:
1129:, merged into the
965:In 1936 and 1937,
938:Following Japan's
767:Mongolian Cyrillic
708:Mongolian Frontier
3249:
3248:
3059:Empire of Vietnam
2832:
2831:
2824:Northern Marianas
2775:Dutch East Indies
2561:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2540:
2396:
2291:
2290:
2179:collaborationists
2155:Wehrmacht foreign
2150:Waffen-SS foreign
2066:
2000:collaborationists
1855:978-0-8047-5509-2
1828:978-0-8047-5509-2
1492:that printed its
1490:Bank of Mengjiang
1474:One-yuan banknote
1338:: Deputy Head of
1249:Bank of Mengjiang
1208:(1937–1939)
1187:(1937–1939)
1024:(Changpei), near
854:, officially the
845:
844:
837:
836:
756:
755:
723:Standard Mandarin
672:
671:
658:
657:
654:
653:
620:
619:
573:Republic of China
511:autonomous region
452:• 1939–1945
399:Japanese Buddhism
330:Autonomous region
229:ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ
217:Ménggǔ Zìzhì Bāng
167:ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ
128:
127:
120:
102:
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3267:
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3263:
3262:
3259:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3047:French Indochina
3045:
3044:
3043:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3008:
3007:
3006:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2859:
2852:
2845:
2836:
2835:
2797:Portuguese Timor
2685:
2624:Christmas Island
2588:
2581:
2574:
2565:
2564:
2538:
2394:
2110:Royal Iraqi Army
2064:
1989:
1988:
1979:
1978:
1960:
1953:
1946:
1937:
1936:
1914:
1860:
1859:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1783:
1777:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1709:
1615:and a few Swiss
1503:
1459:
1418:Torashirō Kawabe
1400:Sadamu Shimomura
1203:
1196:
1182:
1175:
1161:
1154:
1142:
1114:
1102:
1090:
1035:
1019:
1003:
987:
952:starting in 1933
906:; in analogy to
905:
850:, also known as
833:
832:
816:
815:
810:
809:
791:
790:
789:
781:Mongolian script
775:
774:
752:
751:
738:
737:
714:
713:
700:
699:
674:
673:
650:
649:
636:
635:
624:
623:
611:
610:
597:
596:
583:
582:
569:
568:
562:
561:
546:
545:
499:1 September 1939
477:
395:Tibetan Buddhism
391:Chinese Buddhism
301:
284:
270:
252:
251:
244:
237:
226:
225:
219:
204:
200:
192:
191:
184:
178:
164:
158:
143:
139:
130:
129:
123:
116:
112:
109:
103:
101:
60:
36:
28:
3354:
3353:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3284:
3283:
3275:40.817; 114.883
3274:
3272:
3268:
3265:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3245:
3222:
3221:
3211:
3209:
3199:
3197:
3187:
3185:
3175:
3173:
3163:
3161:
3151:
3149:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3126:
3124:
3119:Occupied Malaya
3113:
3111:
3101:
3099:
3089:
3087:
3077:
3075:
3065:
3063:
3053:
3051:
3041:
3039:
3028:
3026:
3016:
3014:
3004:
3002:
2992:
2990:
2980:
2978:
2968:
2966:
2956:
2954:
2944:
2942:
2932:
2930:
2920:
2918:
2908:
2906:
2896:
2894:
2884:
2882:
2873:
2867:Empire of Japan
2863:
2833:
2828:
2803:
2724:
2686:
2677:
2673:Solomon Islands
2629:Gilbert Islands
2605:
2599:Empire of Japan
2592:
2562:
2553:
2316:Italian Albania
2287:
2171:
1996:
1973:
1964:
1921:
1903:10.2307/2750626
1890:Pacific Affairs
1885:Lattimore, Owen
1869:
1867:General sources
1864:
1863:
1856:
1840:
1836:
1829:
1813:
1809:
1800:
1798:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1765:
1761:
1754:
1738:
1734:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1649:
1617:Sig. Model 1930
1589:
1531:
1525:
1467:
1436:To recover the
1427:
1384:Wang Ying (ROC)
1296:
1240:
1216:
1209:
1197:
1188:
1176:
1167:
1155:
1146:
1143:
1134:
1123:1912 government
1115:
1106:
1103:
1094:
1091:
1073:as part of the
1071:Mongol Red Army
1008:governments of
982:
936:
928:Japanese Empire
872:Empire of Japan
860:autonomous zone
825:Revised Hepburn
787:
705:Literal meaning
647:
633:
608:
594:
580:
566:
523:
513:
496:
485:
473:
453:
424:
375:
339:
324:Empire of Japan
308:
292:
291:
290:
285:
277:
276:
271:
253:
245:
240:
239:
238:
236:
234:
232:
230:
228:
227:
221:
220:
215:
214:
202:
201:
198:
197:
196:
194:
193:
185:
180:
179:
176:
175:ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ
174:
172:
170:
168:
166:
165:
160:
159:
154:
153:
141:
140:
137:
136:
135:
124:
113:
107:
104:
61:
59:
49:
37:
24:
21:Lady Meng Jiang
17:
12:
11:
5:
3352:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3207:
3195:
3183:
3181:Occupied Nauru
3171:
3159:
3147:
3135:
3123:
3121:
3109:
3097:
3085:
3073:
3061:
3049:
3037:
3024:
3012:
3010:State of Burma
3000:
2988:
2976:
2964:
2952:
2940:
2928:
2916:
2904:
2892:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2862:
2861:
2854:
2847:
2839:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2817:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2696:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2615:
2613:
2611:British Empire
2607:
2606:
2591:
2590:
2583:
2576:
2568:
2559:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2311:German Albania
2302:
2300:
2298:Axis countries
2293:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2283:Vanguard Youth
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2182:
2180:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2032:Armistice Army
2029:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2015:Balli Kombëtar
2012:
2003:
2001:
1986:
1975:
1974:
1971:Imperial Japan
1963:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1927:
1925:Mengjiang flag
1920:
1919:External links
1917:
1916:
1915:
1881:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1854:
1834:
1827:
1807:
1778:
1759:
1752:
1732:
1718:
1713:"内蒙古自治区志: 政府志"
1703:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1648:
1645:
1588:
1585:
1527:Main article:
1524:
1521:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1446:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1381:
1371:
1365:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1333:
1327:
1324:Yondonwangchug
1321:
1307:
1300:Demchugdongrub
1295:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1284:
1279:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1239:
1236:
1223:Demchugdongrub
1215:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1198:
1191:
1189:
1177:
1170:
1168:
1156:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1137:
1135:
1116:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1085:
1079:Inner Mongolia
990:Yondonwangchug
981:
978:
960:Demchugdongrub
935:
932:
920:Demchugdongrub
864:Inner Mongolia
843:
842:
839:
838:
835:
834:
827:
821:
820:
819:Transcriptions
812:
811:
804:
798:
797:
793:
792:
783:
777:
776:
769:
763:
762:
761:Mongolian name
758:
757:
754:
753:
746:
740:
739:
732:
726:
725:
719:
718:
717:Transcriptions
710:
709:
706:
702:
701:
694:
688:
687:
683:
682:
679:
678:
670:
669:
664:
660:
659:
656:
655:
652:
651:
644:
638:
637:
630:
621:
618:
617:
612:
604:
603:
598:
590:
589:
584:
576:
575:
570:
558:
557:
552:
542:
541:
539:Mengjiang yuan
536:
532:
531:
528:
527:
526:19 August 1945
524:
521:
518:
517:
514:
504:
501:
500:
497:
494:
491:
490:
487:
486:
484:
483:
478:
470:
468:
467:Historical era
464:
463:
460:
459:
457:Demchugdongrub
454:
451:
448:
447:
444:
443:
440:
436:
435:
430:
426:
425:
423:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
383:
381:
377:
376:
374:
373:
368:
363:
357:
355:
351:
350:
345:
341:
340:
338:
337:
327:
316:
314:
310:
309:
302:
294:
293:
286:
279:
278:
272:
265:
264:
263:
260:
259:
255:
254:
133:
126:
125:
40:
38:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3351:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3282:
3279:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3225:
3218:
3208:
3206:
3196:
3194:
3184:
3182:
3172:
3170:
3169:Occupied Guam
3160:
3158:
3148:
3146:
3136:
3133:
3122:
3120:
3110:
3108:
3098:
3096:
3086:
3084:
3074:
3072:
3062:
3060:
3050:
3048:
3038:
3036:
3025:
3023:
3013:
3011:
3001:
2999:
2989:
2987:
2977:
2975:
2965:
2963:
2953:
2951:
2941:
2939:
2929:
2927:
2917:
2915:
2905:
2903:
2893:
2891:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2860:
2855:
2853:
2848:
2846:
2841:
2840:
2837:
2825:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2768:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2692:United States
2689:
2684:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2589:
2584:
2582:
2577:
2575:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2537:
2534:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
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2488:
2485:
2483:
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2478:
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2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
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2460:
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2448:
2445:
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2431:
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2421:
2418:
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2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
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2383:
2380:
2376:
2373:
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2368:
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2358:
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2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2323:Baltic states
2321:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2294:
2284:
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2279:
2276:
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2269:
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2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2211:Golden Square
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2070:Golden Square
2068:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2047:Blue Division
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2021:
2020:Cham Albanian
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1961:
1956:
1954:
1949:
1947:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1897:(4): 420–27.
1896:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1857:
1851:
1847:
1846:
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1819:
1811:
1796:
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1770:
1763:
1755:
1753:9780399123825
1749:
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1650:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1607:In 1936, the
1602:
1598:
1593:
1584:
1583:or aircraft.
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1544:
1543:Kwantung Army
1540:
1536:
1530:
1520:
1518:
1513:
1510:
1505:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1482:
1475:
1471:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1412:Kitsuju Ayabe
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1356:
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1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1298:
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1288:
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1283:
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1277:
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1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1231:
1224:
1220:
1207:
1202:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1153:
1148:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1108:
1101:
1096:
1089:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1039:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1015:
1011:
1007:
999:
995:
991:
988:) had Prince
977:
975:
971:
968:
963:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
931:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
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2871:World War II
2785:West Sumatra
2740:
2603:World War II
2507:Soviet Union
2395:(until 1944)
2374:
2160:Afrika Korps
2065:(until 1944)
1894:
1888:
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1876:. Volume I:
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1795:the original
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1494:own currency
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1394:Gen Sugiyama
1368:Cui Xiaoqian
1238:Institutions
1204:Flag of the
1183:Flag of the
1057:
1045:Wang Jingwei
1042:
1037:
1014:North Shanxi
1010:South Chahar
983:
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868:puppet state
855:
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730:Hanyu Pinyin
686:Chinese name
555:Succeeded by
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415:Confucianism
320:Puppet state
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50:Please help
45:verification
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3319:Axis powers
3273: /
3241:Pacific War
2770:Netherlands
2720:Wake Island
2715:Philippines
2512:Byelorussia
2482:Philippines
2472:Netherlands
2165:Ostlegionen
1984:Axis forces
1601:Zhangjiakou
1541:. It was a
1539:Mongol Army
1438:territories
1406:Hideki Tōjō
1320:(1937–1945)
1166:(1937–1939)
1006:Han Chinese
750:Meng-chiang
550:Preceded by
199:(1941–1945)
138:(1939–1941)
67:"Mengjiang"
3288:Categories
2780:New Guinea
2658:New Guinea
2462:Luxembourg
1595:Mengjiang
1504:), on it.
1374:Yu Pinqing
1340:Ordos City
1330:Altanochir
1310:Li Shouxin
1304:Khungtayji
970:operations
934:Background
744:Wade–Giles
429:Government
78:newspapers
3294:Mengjiang
2890:Manchukuo
2815:Manchukuo
2808:1931–1945
2741:Mengkiang
2668:Singapore
2634:Hong Kong
2539:(limited)
2442:Indonesia
2420:Indochina
2370:Manchukuo
2338:Lithuania
2296:Lists by
2201:Gakutotai
1982:Lists by
1801:August 5,
1699:Citations
1678:Manchukuo
1573:artillery
1571:and some
1430:Mengjiang
1346:Wu Heling
1312:: Chahar
1043:In 1939,
944:Manchukuo
930:in 1945.
912:Manchuria
908:Manchukuo
896:Mengkukuo
892:Mengguguo
858:, was an
852:Mengkiang
848:Mengjiang
736:Měngjiāng
677:Mengjiang
380:Religion
366:Mongolian
336:(1940–45)
326:(1939–40)
258:1939–1945
248:Mongolian
231:ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ
188:Mongolian
173:ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠲᠤ
169:ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ
108:June 2013
3261:114°53′E
2792:Portugal
2753:Cambodia
2544:Thailand
2524:Chechnya
2502:Slovakia
2425:Cambodia
2375:Mongolia
2350:Bulgaria
2243:Makapili
2191:Chinilpa
2177:Japanese
2052:Chetniks
1647:See also
1550:Japanese
1523:Military
1358:Xia Gong
1352:Jodbajab
1214:Politics
1067:Red Army
1022:Zhangbei
1018:蒙疆聯合自治政府
1002:蒙古聯盟自治政府
948:Mongolia
888:Mongukuo
535:Currency
387:Buddhism
371:Japanese
207:Japanese
146:Japanese
142:蒙疆聯合自治政府
3258:40°49′N
2869:during
2763:Vietnam
2601:during
2597:by the
2529:Ukraine
2517:Belarus
2492:Romania
2435:Vietnam
2410:Hungary
2392:Finland
2387:Denmark
2382:Croatia
2345:Belgium
2328:Estonia
2306:Albania
1998:Italian
1911:2750626
1787:"云端旺楚克"
1729:. 中華書局.
1587:History
1569:mortars
1565:pistols
1558:De Wang
1517:Suiyuan
1509:Xuanhua
1465:Economy
1443:Mongols
1314:warlord
1062:by the
1060:invaded
1053:Nanjing
994:Ulanqab
980:History
974:Suiyuan
967:similar
926:of the
900:Chinese
884:Suiyuan
870:of the
692:Chinese
361:Chinese
344:Capital
332:of the
322:of the
211:Chinese
150:Chinese
92:scholar
3032:
2748:France
2648:Malaya
2549:Taiwan
2497:Serbia
2487:Poland
2477:Norway
2467:Malaya
2405:Greece
2400:France
2360:Ceylon
2333:Latvia
1993:German
1909:
1852:
1825:
1750:
1683:Wuhuan
1597:shrine
1294:People
1225:(left)
1064:Soviet
1030:Hohhot
956:Chahar
924:defeat
916:Kalgan
902::
880:Chahar
788:ᠮᠡᠩᠵᠢᠩ
773:Мэнжян
509:as an
442:
410:Taoism
348:Kalgan
313:Status
288:Emblem
233:ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ
171:ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ
94:
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2736:China
2729:Other
2710:Kiska
2653:Nauru
2639:India
2619:Burma
2536:Spain
2457:Korea
2452:Italy
2415:India
2365:China
2355:Burma
2216:Heiho
1907:JSTOR
1613:ZB-26
1581:tanks
1034:蒙古自治邦
986:蒙古軍政府
831:Mōkyō
802:Kanji
667:China
203:蒙古自治邦
177:ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ
99:JSTOR
85:books
2758:Laos
2705:Guam
2700:Attu
2447:Iraq
2430:Laos
2258:PETA
2075:Hiwi
1969:and
1850:ISBN
1823:ISBN
1803:2011
1748:ISBN
1575:and
1533:The
1425:Name
1069:and
1038:ulus
1012:and
894:(or
882:and
397:and
274:Flag
71:news
1995:and
1899:doi
1599:in
1502:甲辰年
1454:古固有
992:of
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890:or
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235:ᠤᠯᠰ
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1893:.
1789:,
1450:收復
1302::
898:;
808:蒙疆
698:蒙疆
393:,
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2858:e
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