365:, 863 F.2d 1503 (11th Cir. 1989) (after the trial court granted a defense motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict, on the ground that a noose hung over a black employee's desk on two different occasions was not enough, as a matter of law, to establish that the alleged racial harassment was a persistent, pervasive practice, the appellate court held that the determination of whether the defendant's conduct was sufficiently "severe and pervasive" did not turn solely on the number of incidents alleged by the plaintiff but was to be based on a consideration of all the circumstances, including the number and severity of individual incidents of harassment).
31:
338:
Act of 1964. Prior to the ruling on Vinson's case, discrimination under Title VII was constituted as economic loss. This court case articulated that the creation of a hostile work environment is a form of discrimination and that economic loss is not required to be in violation of Title VII. Additionally, this case ruled that the sexual conduct between Taylor and Vinson could not be deemed voluntary due to the hierarchical relationship between supervisor and subordinates in the workplace.
319:. The Court recognized that the plaintiff, Mechelle Vinson, could establish violations of the Act "by proving that discrimination based on sex has created a hostile or abusive work environment." A Plaintiff with hostile environment-styled claims must prove that the challenged conduct was severe or pervasive, created a hostile or abusive working environment, was unwelcome, and was based on the plaintiff's sex.
284:, came in September 1978. Vinson charged that Taylor had coerced her to have sexual relations with him and made demands for sexual favors at work. Vinson stated that she had intercourse with Taylor 40 or 50 times. Additionally, she testified that Taylor had touched her in public, exposed himself to her, and forcibly raped her multiple times.
337:
The ruling of
Mechelle Vinson's Supreme Court case was the first instance of sexual harassment being recognized by the court as “actionable”. This ruling also qualified the hostile environment which sexual harassment in the workplace creates as sex discrimination under Title VII of the Civil Rights
274:
In 1974, at the age of 19, Mechelle Vinson, an
African American, was hired as a teller-trainee at the northeast branch of Capitol City Federal Savings and Loan Association in Washington D.C. Vinson reported that by May 1975 her supervisor, Sidney L. Taylor, began what would be 3 years of recurring
341:
Following the ruling of
Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson, reported sexual harassment cases grew from 10 cases being registered by the EEOC per year before 1986 to 624 case being reported in the subsequent following year. This number of reported cases rose to 2,217 in 1990 and then 4,626 by 1995.
345:
A review revealed that the determination of what constitutes "severe or pervasive conduct" is invariably based on an examination of the totality of circumstances. Moreover, in gauging the totality of circumstances, lower courts typically focus on some or all of the following four factors:
287:
She argued such harassment created a '"hostile working environment'" and a form of unlawful discrimination under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Vinson sought injunctive relief along with compensatory and punitive damages against Taylor and the bank.
279:
which Taylor explained as being due to Vinson's inordinate use of sick leave. The first initiation of Vinson's civil lawsuit against Sidney L. Taylor and
Capital City Federal Savings and Loan Association, which would soon change its name to
307:
The Court held that Title VII was "not limited to 'economic' or 'tangible' discrimination" and found that the intention of
Congress was "'to strike at the entire spectrum of disparate treatment of men and women' in employment...."
361:
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It established the standards for analyzing whether conduct was unlawful and when an employer would be liable. The court, for the first time, made sexual harassment an illegal form of discrimination.
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A claim of "hostile environment" sexual harassment is a form of discrimination on the basis of sex that is actionable under the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
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Defendants' Motion to
Dismiss Granted; Vinson v. Taylor, Civil Action No. 78-1793., 1980 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 10676 (Feb. 26, 1980).
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263:. The case was the first of its kind to reach the Supreme Court and would redefine sexual harassment in the workplace.
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35:
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specified that sexual harassment leading to noneconomic injury was a form of sex discrimination prohibited by
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644:. Schneider, Elizabeth M., Wildman, Stephanie M., 1949-. New York: Foundation Press/Thomson Reuters. 2011.
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Anderson, Katherine S. (October 1987). "Employer liability under Title VII for sexual harassment after
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467:"She said her boss raped her in a bank vault. Her sexual harassment case would make legal history"
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sexual harassment while in the workplace. In
November 1978 Vinson was fired from her job at a
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Geare, A J. (1997). "Sexual harassment: Modern issue--ancient problem".
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401:, which set the "reasonable woman" precedent in sexual harassment law.
329:, was co-counsel for the respondent and wrote the respondent's brief.
504:"What About #UsToo?: The Invisibility of Race in the #MeToo Movement"
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the context in which the harassing conduct occurred. See for example
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79:
709:
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cert. granted, PSFS Sav. Bank, FSB v. Vinson, 474 U.S. 815 (1985).
30:
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Sexual harassment and the law : the
Mechelle Vinson case
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Rehnquist, joined by Burger, White, Powell, Stevens, O'Connor
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the total length of time over which the encounters occurred;
353:
the frequency or pervasiveness of the offensive encounters;
350:
the level of offensiveness of the unwelcome acts or words;
779:: A Search for Standards in the Law of Sexual Harassment"
727:"Sexual Harassment and the Law: The Mechelle Vinson Case"
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constituted a form of unlawful discrimination under the
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United States
Supreme Court cases of the Burger Court
381:
List of United States
Supreme Court cases, volume 477
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311:
The Court pointed out that guidelines issued by the
54:
Meritor Savings Bank, FSB v. Mechelle Vinson, et al.
887:Link to 1986 Washington Post Article on the Trial:
547:
914:United States employment discrimination case law
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554:. Lawrence, Kan.: University Press of Kansas.
224:Marshall, joined by Brennan, Blackmun, Stevens
291:The primary question presented was whether a
934:United States gender discrimination case law
772:
585:New Zealand Journal of Industrial Relations
109:1985), reh'g en banc denied (May 14, 1985).
392:Hostile Advances: The Kerry Ellison Story
362:Vance v. Southernbell Tel. & Tel. Co.
317:Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
261:Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
235:Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
689:
724:
924:Sexual harassment in the United States
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741:
327:Towards a Feminist Theory of the State
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465:Brown, DeNeen L. (October 13, 2017).
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413:Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services
386:Hostile environment sexual harassment
18:1986 United States Supreme Court case
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828:57 (1986) is available from:
255:, in a 9–0 decision, recognized
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746:Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson
692:Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson
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439:Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson
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406:Jenson v. Eveleth Taconite Co.
244:Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson
24:Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson
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773:Vinciguerra, Marlisa (1989).
546:Cochran, Augustus B. (2004).
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748:: Sexual Harassment at Work"
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253:United States Supreme Court
247:, 477 U.S. 57 (1986), is a
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508:Yale Law Journal Forum
323:Catharine A. MacKinnon
148:William J. Brennan Jr.
919:Business ethics cases
733:: 256. Archived from
420:Crawford v. Nashville
45:Decided June 19, 1986
43:Argued March 25, 1986
282:Meritor Savings Bank
277:Meritor Savings Bank
78:106 S. Ct. 2399; 91
939:Harassment case law
860:Library of Congress
697:Columbia Law Review
613:on October 21, 2010
192:Sandra Day O'Connor
172:Lewis F. Powell Jr.
775:"The Aftermath of
587:. 22/23: 241–276.
259:as a violation of
144:Associate Justices
737:on June 26, 2010.
502:(June 18, 2018).
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88:Case history
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484:October 13,
221:Concurrence
213:Concurrence
156:Byron White
898:Categories
617:October 2,
427:References
270:Background
101:Reversed;
766:0270-1456
668:cite book
660:671639786
593:213511841
479:0190-8286
107:D.C. Cir.
80:L. Ed. 2d
60:Citations
878:WorldLII
816:Text of
589:ProQuest
570:53284947
370:See also
303:Decision
205:Majority
842:Findlaw
777:Meritor
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684:Sources
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520:2020
486:2017
475:ISSN
447:U.S.
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