2868:(not to be confused with spin) was noticed to go up and down along with particle mass. The higher the mass, the lower (more negative) the strangeness (the more s quarks). Particles could be described with isospin projections (related to charge) and strangeness (mass) (see the uds nonet figures). As other quarks were discovered, new quantum numbers were made to have similar description of udc and udb nonets. Because only the u and d mass are similar, this description of particle mass and charge in terms of isospin and flavour quantum numbers only works well for the nonets made of one u, one d and one other quark and breaks down for the other nonets (for example ucb nonet). If the quarks all had the same mass, their behaviour would be called
2043:
2000:
45:
15706:
3295:
2872:, because they would all behave in exactly the same way with respect to the strong interaction. However, as quarks do not have the same mass, they do not interact in the same way (exactly like an electron placed in an electric field will accelerate more than a proton placed in the same field because of its lighter mass), and the symmetry is said to be
3057:
2790:
In the "isospin picture", the three pions and three rhos were thought to be the different states of two particles. However, in the quark model, the rhos are excited states of pions. Isospin, although conveying an inaccurate picture of things, is still used to classify hadrons, leading to unnatural
1418:
for each particle type) were simultaneously mirror-reversed, then the new set of wavefunctions would perfectly satisfy the laws of physics (apart from the weak interaction). It turns out that this is not quite true: In order for the equations to be satisfied, the wavefunctions of certain types of
5666:(i.e., are composed of quarks) and are color-neutral with zero baryon number, and thus by conventional definition are mesons. Yet, these particles do not consist of a single quark/antiquark pair, as all the other conventional mesons discussed above do. A tentative category for these particles is
2094:. Although they had different electric charges, their masses were so similar that physicists believed that they were actually the same particle. The different electric charges were explained as being the result of some unknown excitation similar to spin. This unknown excitation was later dubbed
4836:
Flavoured mesons are mesons made of pair of quark and antiquarks of different flavours. The rules are simpler in this case: The main symbol depends on the heavier quark, the superscript depends on the charge, and the subscript (if any) depends on the lighter quark. In table form, they are:
1528:, a quark and an antiquark have opposite intrinsic parities. Therefore, the intrinsic parity of a meson is the product of the intrinsic parities of the quark (+1) and antiquark (−1). As these are different, their product is −1, and so it contributes the "+1" that appears in the exponent.
525:
experiments. The lightest group of mesons is less massive than the lightest group of baryons, meaning that they are more easily produced in experiments, and thus exhibit certain higher-energy phenomena more readily than do baryons. But mesons can be quite massive: for example, the
677:(1939–1945), with most physicists working in applied projects for wartime necessities. When the war ended in August 1945, many physicists gradually returned to peacetime research. The first true meson to be discovered was what would later be called the
3290:{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}S&=-(n_{\text{s}}-n_{\bar {\text{s}}})\\C&=+(n_{\text{c}}-n_{\bar {\text{c}}})\\B^{\prime }&=-(n_{\text{b}}-n_{\bar {\text{b}}})\\T&=+(n_{\text{t}}-n_{\bar {\text{t}}}),\end{aligned}}}
6255:
1556:-parity is only defined for mesons that are their own antiparticle (i.e. neutral mesons). It represents whether or not the wavefunction of the meson remains the same under the interchange of their quark with their antiquark. If
6579:
1364:. If the universe were reflected in a mirror, most laws of physics would be identical—things would behave the same way regardless of what we call "left" and what we call "right". This concept of mirror reflection is called
389:, but are not thought to play a role in nature today. However, such heavy mesons are regularly created in particle accelerator experiments that explore the nature of the heavier quarks that compose the heavier mesons.
1970:
1859:
7908:
7676:
6055:
10065:
9888:
4036:
1761:-parity. Instead of simply comparing the wavefunction after exchanging quarks and antiquarks, it compares the wavefunction after exchanging the meson for the corresponding antimeson, regardless of quark content.
657:
had about the right mass to be Yukawa's carrier of the strong nuclear force, but over the course of the next decade, it became evident that it was not the right particle. It was eventually found that the
3011:
1706:
1623:
3062:
734:
to hypothesize in 1947 that it was actually a new and different meson. Over the next few years, more experiments showed that the pion was indeed involved in strong interactions. The pion (as a
3662:
Mesons are classified into types according to their spin configurations. Some specific configurations are given special names based on the mathematical properties of their spin configuration.
3590:
14627:"Fermilab's CDF scientists make it official: They have discovered the quick-change behavior of the B-sub-s meson, which switches between matter and antimatter 3 trillion times a second"
706:, they identified a cosmic particle having an average mass close to 200 times the mass of electron. This discovery was made in 1947 with improved full-tone photographic emulsion plates, by
5673:
There are at least five exotic meson resonances that have been experimentally confirmed to exist by two or more independent experiments. The most statistically significant of these is the
730:, based on photographic films placed in the Andes mountains. Some of those mesons had about the same mass as the already-known mu "meson", yet seemed to decay into it, leading physicist
2778:
12811:
Herb, S. W.; Hom, D.; Lederman, L.; Sens, J.; Snyder, H.; Yoh, J.; et al. (1977). "Observation of a di-muon resonance at 9.5 GeV in 400 GeV proton-nucleus collisions".
2634:) as they are each composed of a same total number of up and down quarks and antiquarks. Under the isospin model, they were considered a single particle in different charged states.
1507:
2105:
When the first mesons were discovered, they too were seen through the eyes of isospin and so the three pions were believed to be the same particle, but in different isospin states.
618:
word for "intermediate", because its predicted mass was between that of the electron and that of the proton, which has about 1,836 times the mass of the electron.
347:. All mesons are unstable, with the longest-lived lasting for only a few tenths of a nanosecond. Heavier mesons decay to lighter mesons and ultimately to stable
670:
like the electron, rather than a meson. Physicists in making this choice decided that properties other than particle mass should control their classification.
5689:: a particle composed of two quarks and two antiquarks. See the main article above for other particle resonances that are candidates for being exotic mesons.
700:, and observed long curved ionizing tracks that appeared to be different from the tracks of alpha particles or protons. In a series of articles published in
6175:
6502:
3051:
flavour quantum numbers respectively. They are related to the number of strange, charm, bottom, and top quarks and antiquark according to the relations:
362:
Outside the nucleus, mesons appear in nature only as short-lived products of very high-energy collisions between particles made of quarks, such as
1878:
15629:
14613:
3797:
1770:
7849:
7617:
5996:
1083:) of a particle is the combination of the two intrinsic angular momentums (spin) and the orbital angular momentum. It can take any value from
10007:
9830:
3978:
12623:
mesons; however, the weak eigenstates are considered separate particles only for kaons because of their dramatically different lifetimes.
1052:
singlet. Because mesons are made of one quark and one antiquark, they are found in triplet and singlet spin states. The latter are called
2641:
was adopted, physicists noted that the isospin projections were related to the up and down quark content of particles by the relation
396:
particle family, which are defined simply as particles composed of two or more quarks. The other members of the hadron family are the
15379:
15617:
2927:
1360:-parity is left-right parity, or spatial parity, and was the first of several "parities" discovered, and so is often called just
785:. However, this use has fallen out of favor, and mesons are now defined as particles composed of pairs of quarks and antiquarks.
1642:
2853:
2794:
Because mesons are hadrons, the isospin classification is also used for them all, with the quantum number calculated by adding
1562:
762:
are used to model this force as well, but to a lesser extent. Following the discovery of the pion, Yukawa was awarded the 1949
3681:
1133:
1068:
14630:
14617:
13288:
13219:
12944:
12705:
404:, which do not have the conventional valence quark content of two quarks (one quark and one antiquark), but four or more.
14659:
400:: subatomic particles composed of odd numbers of valence quarks (at least three), and some experiments show evidence of
12660:
is often dropped because it is the "fundamental" unit of spin, and it is implied that "spin 1" means "spin 1
3306:
15515:
13524:
13468:
13321:
335:. Because mesons are composed of quark subparticles, they have a meaningful physical size, a diameter of roughly one
1384:
all behave in the same way regardless of whether or not the universe is reflected in a mirror, and thus are said to
15596:
13385:
Wigner, E. (1937). "On the
Consequences of the Symmetry of the Nuclear Hamiltonian on the Spectroscopy of Nuclei".
438:(antimeson) in which quarks are replaced by their corresponding antiquarks and vice versa. For example, a positive
3300:
meaning that the Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula is equivalent to the expression of charge in terms of quark content:
2112:. Isospin projections varied in increments of 1 just like those of spin, and to each projection was associated a "
1419:
particles have to be multiplied by −1, in addition to being mirror-reversed. Such particle types are said to have
2918:
14535:
van
Beveren, E.; Rupp, G.; Petropoulos, N.; Kleefeld, F. (2003). "The light scalar mesons within quark models".
2647:
13236:
13254:
1460:
662:
did not participate in the strong nuclear interaction at all, but rather behaved like a heavy version of the
12897:
12856:
15612:
14591:
14525:
13501:
13116:
2321:
quarks). The success of the isospin model is now understood to be an artifact of the similar masses of the
977:
Two quarks can have their spins aligned, in which case the two spin vectors add to make a vector of length
423:, the difference in quark number between mesons and baryons results in conventional two-quark mesons being
13135:
1075:), that is the angular momentum due to quarks orbiting each other, and also comes in increments of 1
1024:
triplet. If two quarks have oppositely aligned spins, the spin vectors add up to make a vector of length
758:, which is explicitly used to model strong interaction between quarks. Other mesons, such as the virtual
494:
460:) is made of one up quark and one down antiquark; and its corresponding antiparticle, the negative pion (
113:
12672:
is chosen to be 1, and therefore drops out of equations. The remainder of this article uses the "assume
1733:-parity was originally thought to be conserved, but was later found to be violated on rare occasions in
12620:
13079:
12768:
Augustin, J.E.; Boyarski, A.; Breidenbach, M.; Bulos, F.; Dakin, J.; Feldman, G.; et al. (1974).
9535:
9404:
7937:
7705:
15688:
14504:
13036:
803:
13342:
15100:
14512:
12993:
Lattes, C.; Occhialini, G.; Muirhead, H.; Powell, C. (1947). "Processes involving charged mesons".
14626:
3830:
Flavourless mesons are mesons made of pair of quark and antiquarks of the same flavour (all their
15745:
15656:
15291:
14918:
14652:
12960:
12813:
12774:
12731:
2862:
244:
100:
14614:"What happened to the antimatter? Fermilab's DZero experiment finds clues in quick-change meson"
12936:
2337:
quarks have similar masses, particles made of the same number of them also have similar masses.
517:
are nonetheless more stable than the more massive, and hence are easier to observe and study in
15591:
14928:
13313:
13280:
13211:
9600:
9590:
5760:
5750:
5614:
5608:
5599:
5593:
3916:
3841:
3831:
3695:
3615:
3040:
2819:
for each positively charged up-or-down quark-or-antiquark (up quarks and down antiquarks), and
1147:
807:
763:
498:
17:
15678:
12721:
Aubert, J.J.; Becker, U.; Biggs, P.; Burger, J.; Chen, M.; Everhart, G.; et al. (1974).
2477:
1377:
754:). This is an approximation, as the actual carrier of the strong force is believed to be the
723:
13305:
13272:
13203:
14550:
13433:
13396:
13351:
13152:
13045:
12822:
12783:
12740:
2844:
for each negatively charged up-or-down quark-or-antiquark (up antiquarks and down quarks).
635:
518:
375:
3654:, and are rather convoluted. The rules are presented below, in table form for simplicity.
1725:-parity rarely is studied on its own, but more commonly in combination with P-parity into
630:, had originally named the particle the "mesotron", but he was corrected by the physicist
8:
15693:
14676:
14586:
13490:
13131:
13105:
3651:
719:
682:
646:
623:
78:
14554:
13437:
13400:
13355:
13156:
13049:
12871:
12826:
12787:
12744:
5577:
mesons) follow the rules of flavourless mesons, even if they aren't truly "flavourless".
4747:
mesons) follow the rules of flavourless mesons, even if they aren't truly "flavourless".
2116:". Because the "pion particle" had three "charged states", it was said to be of isospin
15636:
14645:
14566:
14540:
13367:
13184:
13012:
12929:
12562:
5627:
4807:
3731:
3709:
2091:
1517:
1381:
1337:
1057:
486:
332:
320:
105:
63:
13445:
590:
predicted the existence and the approximate mass of the "meson" as the carrier of the
15705:
15673:
15586:
15065:
14810:
14737:
14599:
13520:
13464:
13371:
13337:
13317:
13306:
13284:
13273:
13215:
13204:
13188:
13176:
13143:
13061:
13016:
12940:
12838:
12701:
12551:
11647:
11023:
10865:
10265:
8614:
8005:
7525:
7390:
7189:
6860:
6250:{\displaystyle \mathrm {\tfrac {u{\bar {u}}+d{\bar {d}}-2s{\bar {s}}}{\sqrt {6}}} \,}
4477:
2087:
631:
221:
6574:{\displaystyle \mathrm {\tfrac {u{\bar {u}}+d{\bar {d}}+s{\bar {s}}}{\sqrt {3}}} \,}
1280:
Particle physicists are most interested in mesons with no orbital angular momentum (
15740:
15683:
15454:
15229:
15090:
15075:
14757:
14668:
14570:
14558:
13441:
13404:
13359:
13168:
13164:
13160:
13053:
13004:
12995:
12909:
12830:
12791:
12748:
12632:
12392:
12222:
12043:
11866:
10710:
9275:
9110:
8939:
8770:
7045:
7000:
5678:
4557:
3688:
3623:
2302:
1734:
1400:
1393:
1365:
1361:
1352:
1308: = 0, although they are not the only ones. It is also possible to obtain
1064:
828:
824:
782:
735:
702:
603:
502:
482:
269:
259:
109:
31:
13109:
15735:
15730:
15651:
15576:
15560:
15500:
14910:
14835:
14825:
14815:
14727:
13424:
13387:
12478:
12450:
12351:
12329:
12281:
12179:
12157:
11606:
11584:
10572:
9378:
9234:
9212:
9067:
9045:
8573:
8551:
6905:
6476:
5488:
5466:
5370:
5348:
5279:
5257:
5232:
5161:
5137:
5115:
4356:
2873:
848:
811:
686:
490:
367:
215:
14578:
13494:
12796:
12769:
12753:
12722:
12469:
The exact value depends on the method used. See the given reference for detail.
5634:
4814:
715:
15710:
15624:
15581:
15317:
15105:
14878:
14800:
14795:
14717:
12913:
12834:
12637:
12489:
11184:
9694:
9577:
8284:
5852:
5737:
5698:
5512:
5395:
3674:
3601:
2109:
1525:
1454:
For mesons, parity is related to the orbital angular momentum by the relation:
1126:
816:
799:
778:
743:
731:
595:
238:
155:
147:
58:
13057:
13008:
12992:
12761:
15724:
15668:
15520:
15487:
15279:
15249:
15181:
15040:
14820:
14747:
14732:
12665:
12555:
12203:
10666:
10246:
9610:
9573:
9091:
8069:
7282:
5943:
5770:
5733:
4655:
4585:
2891:
2113:
2099:
1415:
793:
739:
711:
650:
619:
615:
607:
591:
587:
553:
192:
127:
14455:
14422:
14385:
14351:
14317:
14283:
14246:
14230:
14197:
14163:
14130:
14093:
14059:
14026:
13993:
13959:
13926:
13893:
13859:
13822:
13789:
13756:
13722:
13688:
13655:
13622:
13589:
13556:
12714:
11092:
10931:
10775:
10637:
9340:
9182:
9016:
8847:
8679:
8522:
8357:
7098:
6970:
15646:
15196:
15186:
15176:
14937:
14888:
14830:
14752:
14707:
13408:
13180:
13065:
12608:
11418:
10691:
9531:
9397:
8449:
7026:
5667:
5657:
5644:
4824:
3775:
3753:
2090:
in 1932 to explain the similarities between protons and neutrons under the
1521:
1411:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1021:
1016:
707:
690:
674:
641:
The first candidate for Yukawa's meson, in modern terminology known as the
638:). Heisenberg pointed out that there is no "tr" in the Greek word "mesos".
575:
435:
401:
71:
14608:— An interactive visualisation allowing physical properties to be compared
13304:
Gottfried, K.; Weisskopf, V.F. (1986). "Hadronic spectroscopy: G-parity".
13172:
12804:
1965:{\displaystyle |q_{1}{\bar {q}}_{2}\rangle =-|{\bar {q}}_{1}q_{2}\rangle }
527:
15661:
15429:
15332:
15327:
15244:
15239:
15169:
15123:
15080:
15045:
15004:
14896:
14860:
14722:
12539:
12373:
11628:
11399:
11165:
10553:
10529:
9980:
9595:
9256:
8595:
8430:
8265:
6886:
5755:
4774:
4683:
4385:
3835:
3036:
2859:
2638:
2306:
1854:{\displaystyle |q_{1}{\bar {q}}_{2}\rangle =|{\bar {q}}_{1}q_{2}\rangle }
1284: = 0), therefore the two groups of mesons most studied are the
549:
12612:
7903:{\displaystyle \mathrm {\tfrac {d{\bar {s}}-s{\bar {d}}}{\sqrt {2}}} \,}
7671:{\displaystyle \mathrm {\tfrac {d{\bar {s}}+s{\bar {d}}}{\sqrt {2}}} \,}
6050:{\displaystyle \mathrm {\tfrac {u{\bar {u}}-d{\bar {d}}}{\sqrt {2}}} \,}
5561:
a flavour quantum number. This means that the charged pion-like mesons (
4731:
a flavour quantum number. This means that the charged pion-like mesons (
552:, first seen 1974, is about three times as massive as a proton, and the
15403:
15297:
15287:
15269:
15159:
15060:
14995:
14712:
14637:
14545:
13363:
12547:
12535:
12024:
11004:
9605:
9527:
9524:
9400:
8920:
7506:
5765:
5686:
3847:
3044:
2042:
1999:
1385:
697:
522:
379:
363:
336:
44:
14562:
12842:
10060:{\displaystyle \mathrm {\tfrac {u{\bar {u}}+d{\bar {d}}}{\sqrt {2}}} }
9883:{\displaystyle \mathrm {\tfrac {u{\bar {u}}-d{\bar {d}}}{\sqrt {2}}} }
4031:{\displaystyle \mathrm {\tfrac {u{\bar {u}}-d{\bar {d}}}{\sqrt {2}}} }
2035:
598:
together. If there were no nuclear force, all nuclei with two or more
50:
15545:
15535:
15505:
15398:
15364:
15357:
15234:
15224:
15219:
15191:
14959:
14742:
10421:
10221:
9803:
9653:
9631:
9569:
6833:
6690:
6666:
6149:
5729:
4405:
4336:
4189:
4169:
4149:
2207:
1726:
759:
693:
673:
There were years of delays in the subatomic particle research during
371:
328:
13031:
1435: = −), whereas the other particles are said to have
481:
Because mesons are composed of quarks, they participate in both the
385:
Higher-energy (more massive) mesons were created momentarily in the
30:
This article is about the subatomic particle. For the software, see
15641:
15469:
15424:
15408:
15369:
15342:
15055:
15050:
15030:
15000:
14990:
14985:
14805:
14780:
14775:
14702:
13297:
11847:
10846:
9675:
9469:. However, it is known that a difference between the masses of the
8751:
7985:
7370:
7262:
7170:
5923:
5833:
4756:
3639:
3631:
1749:
1548:
663:
510:
506:
386:
352:
348:
14534:
13540:
12619:
Note that these issues also exist in principle for other neutral,
12607:
are not exactly correct, since there is a small correction due to
27:
Subatomic particle; made of equal numbers of quarks and antiquarks
15550:
15540:
15510:
15464:
15459:
15434:
15352:
15337:
15264:
15259:
15164:
15149:
15095:
15070:
15035:
14964:
14946:
14685:
13463:(2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 21–56.
12110:
12001:
11980:
11933:
11826:
11805:
11758:
11715:
11537:
11494:
11375:
11353:
11306:
11263:
11143:
11121:
9585:
8897:
8876:
8730:
8709:
8407:
8386:
8244:
8223:
5745:
5674:
5443:
5422:
5327:
5306:
5091:
5070:
5044:
5023:
4981:
4950:
4927:
4883:
3909:
3856:
3607:
3048:
1992:
1373:
902:
Because spin projections vary in increments of 1 (that is 1
860:
751:
727:
578:, first seen in 1977, is about ten times as massive as a proton.
428:
344:
117:
12767:
2108:
The mathematics of isospin was modeled after the mathematics of
696:
photographic plates in the high altitude mountainous regions of
15530:
15525:
15154:
15141:
15132:
14954:
14868:
14767:
14539:. AIP Conference Proceedings. Vol. 660. pp. 353–366.
13275:
Discrete
Symmetries and CP Violation: From Experiment to Theory
13206:
Discrete
Symmetries and CP Violation: From Experiment to Theory
12302:
12130:
11953:
11735:
11557:
10194:
9614:
6770:
6710:
6323:
6303:
6122:
6102:
5774:
5663:
1531:
As a consequence, all mesons with no orbital angular momentum (
747:
667:
599:
397:
393:
356:
340:
317:
93:
278:
15555:
15495:
15347:
15085:
15025:
14980:
14873:
14851:
14694:
3650:(q) content. The rules for classification are defined by the
3647:
2787:-symbols are the count of up and down quarks and antiquarks.
856:
755:
424:
324:
83:
67:
3006:{\displaystyle Q=I_{3}+{\frac {1}{2}}(B+S+C+B^{\prime }+T),}
15322:
15254:
15214:
14790:
14785:
14531:— Compiles authoritative information on particle properties
13541:
Observation of the resonant character of the Z(4430)− state
13422:
Gell-Mann, M. (1964). "A Schematic of
Baryons and Mesons".
12588:
12567:
12515:
12494:
12481:
11778:
11514:
11326:
11283:
10981:
10960:
10825:
10804:
10501:
10481:
10461:
10441:
10396:
10375:
10352:
10332:
10174:
10151:
10131:
10111:
9953:
9933:
9776:
9756:
8196:
8176:
8156:
8133:
8113:
8093:
8049:
8029:
7965:
7823:
7796:
7776:
7753:
7733:
7591:
7483:
7462:
7434:
7414:
7350:
7327:
7307:
7149:
7128:
6813:
6793:
6750:
6730:
6646:
6626:
6449:
6429:
6409:
6386:
6366:
6346:
5971:
5812:
5791:
5682:
5209:
5188:
5002:
4906:
4121:
4101:
4081:
678:
659:
654:
642:
627:
514:
439:
299:
166:
13508:
2394:. For example, the three pions all have different charges
1701:{\displaystyle |q{\bar {q}}\rangle =-|{\bar {q}}q\rangle }
794:
Spin, orbital angular momentum, and total angular momentum
497:. Mesons are classified according to their quark content,
305:
284:
2854:
Flavour (particle physics) § Flavour quantum numbers
1618:{\displaystyle |q{\bar {q}}\rangle =|{\bar {q}}q\rangle }
339:(10 m), which is about 0.6 times the size of a
5550:
For the purpose of nomenclature, the isospin projection
4720:
For the purpose of nomenclature, the isospin projection
2210:", also with three charged states. Its "charged states"
12720:
1336: = 1 mesons is an active area of research in
13255:"The Discovery of Charge—Conjugation Parity Asymmetry"
13023:
10012:
9835:
7854:
7622:
6507:
6180:
6001:
5662:
There is experimental evidence for particles that are
3983:
1524:. The "+1" comes from the fact that, according to the
14520:
12953:
10010:
9833:
7852:
7620:
6505:
6178:
5999:
3981:
3606:
Mesons are classified into groups according to their
3309:
3060:
2930:
2650:
1881:
1773:
1645:
1565:
1463:
1399:
distinguish "left" from "right", a phenomenon called
308:
302:
287:
281:
14537:
Hadron
Physics: Effective Theories of Low Energy QCD
13123:
12770:"Discovery of a narrow resonance in ee annihilation"
722:, who were investigating cosmic ray products at the
12810:
5874:
478:), is made of one up antiquark and one down quark.
296:
293:
275:
272:
13484:
13482:
13480:
13303:
13264:
13228:
13195:
12928:
12859:. Presentation Speech. The Noble Foundation. 1949.
12689:
10059:
9882:
7902:
7670:
6573:
6249:
6059:
6049:
5633:When the spectroscopic state is unknown, mass (in
5630:of the meson is known, it is added in parentheses.
4813:When the spectroscopic state is unknown, mass (in
4810:of the meson is known, it is added in parentheses.
4030:
3584:
3289:
3005:
2772:
1964:
1853:
1700:
1617:
1501:
863:—specifically in this case, particles having spin
610:called his carrier particle the meson, from μέσος
13452:
13330:
13312:. Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. pp.
13246:
13237:"CP Symmetry Violation—The Search for its origin"
7912:
7680:
7547:
7211:
6260:
2348:quark composition determines the charge, because
2296:
15722:
13415:
12935:(Reprint ed.). Dover Publications. p.
12863:
9893:
6583:
3585:{\displaystyle Q={\frac {2}{3}}-{\frac {1}{3}}.}
370:. Mesons are routinely produced artificially in
14624:
14611:
13533:
13477:
12961:"D. M. Bose: A Scientist Incognito (editorial)"
12920:
12898:"On the Interaction of Elementary Particles. I"
9716:
5546:
5544:
1516:is a result of the parity of the corresponding
1320: = 1. How to distinguish between the
12723:"Experimental observation of a Heavy Particle
11701:
11480:
11246:
11077:
10919:
10760:
10622:
10315:
9325:
9164:
9001:
8832:
8664:
8507:
8342:
7948:
7245:
5906:
906:), a single quark has a spin vector of length
634:(whose father was a professor of Greek at the
513:. Although no meson is stable, those of lower
14653:
14505:"A table of some mesons and their properties"
14152:
13677:
13378:
13097:
13032:"Experiments with high-energy neutrino beams"
12931:The Great Physicists from Galileo to Einstein
5604:= 0, 1, 2, 3, ...), a superscript ∗ is added.
2086:The concept of isospin was first proposed by
1079:. The total angular momentum (quantum number
738:) is also used as force carrier to model the
331:, usually one of each, bound together by the
13850:
13848:
13711:
13514:
13202:Sozzi, M. S. (2008b). "Charge Conjugation".
12872:"On the Interaction of Elementary Particles"
10094:
9919:
9742:
9371:Makeup inexact due to non-zero quark masses.
7716:
6955:
6609:
6286:
6085:
5541:
3861:= 0). The rules for flavourless mesons are:
1959:
1916:
1848:
1808:
1695:
1666:
1612:
1586:
1410:Based on this, one might think that, if the
14274:
14272:
13644:
13029:
12554:, so these are the particles with definite
1117:Meson angular momentum quantum numbers for
14660:
14646:
14502:
14235:
13811:
13459:Wong, S.S.M. (1998). "Nucleon Structure".
13336:
2847:
2773:{\displaystyle I_{3}={\frac {1}{2}}\left,}
2264:, corresponded to the isospin projections
2177:, corresponded to the isospin projections
14544:
14483:
14481:
14121:
14119:
13845:
13545:
13421:
12902:Nippon Sugaku-Buturigakkwai Kizi Dai 3 Ki
12795:
12752:
12695:
12472:
9367:
7899:
7667:
6570:
6246:
6046:
2883:) was related to the isospin projection (
2081:
1060:, depending on their parity (see below).
831:of a particle. It comes in increments of
827:quantity that represents the "intrinsic"
586:From theoretical considerations, in 1934
14667:
14413:
14411:
14269:
14219:
13778:
13745:
13578:
12676:units" convention for all types of spin.
9393:
2309:in 1964 (containing originally only the
2041:
1998:
1872: = +1). On the other hand, if
1636: = +1). On the other hand, if
14507:. Department of Physics and Astronomy.
12453:(Γ). Here the conversion τ =
9381:(Γ). Here the conversion τ =
5685:in 2014. It is a candidate for being a
4750:
1502:{\displaystyle P=\left(-1\right)^{L+1}}
1414:for each particle (more precisely, the
1063:There is another quantity of quantized
922:, and has two spin projections, either
434:Each type of meson has a corresponding
366:(high-energy protons and neutrons) and
14:
15723:
15131:
14478:
14444:
14374:
14340:
14306:
14186:
14116:
13611:
13488:
13384:
13340:(1932). "Über den Bau der Atomkerne".
13270:
13234:
13201:
13129:
13103:
12895:
12869:
12465:
12445:
5703:
2206:respectively. Another example is the "
505:and various other properties, such as
14641:
14631:Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
14625:Perricone, Mike (25 September 2006).
14618:Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
14408:
14082:
14048:
14015:
13982:
13948:
13915:
13882:
13271:Sozzi, M. S. (2008c). "CP-Symmetry".
13252:
12926:
9409:
9373:
3825:
1986:
1300: = 0, which corresponds to
984:with three possible spin projections
781:, which is involved in mediating the
13519:(2nd ed.). Longman Publishing.
13458:
13279:. Oxford University Press. pp.
13210:. Oxford University Press. pp.
12698:Introduction to Elementary Particles
4762:
4759:is only relevant for neutral mesons.
4831:
3865:Nomenclature of flavourless mesons
1757:-parity is a generalization of the
24:
13515:Burcham, W. E.; Jobes, M. (1995).
10039:
10033:
10021:
10015:
9862:
9856:
9844:
9838:
7881:
7875:
7863:
7857:
7649:
7643:
7631:
7625:
6552:
6546:
6534:
6528:
6516:
6510:
6228:
6222:
6207:
6201:
6189:
6183:
6028:
6022:
6010:
6004:
5647:, nothing is added in parentheses.
5607:If the meson is not pseudoscalar (
4827:, nothing is added in parentheses.
4010:
4004:
3992:
3986:
3176:
2986:
2791:and often confusing nomenclature.
2624:but they all have similar masses (
1447: = +1, or alternatively
1431: = −1, or alternatively
1014:and their combination is called a
769:For a while in the past, the word
666:, and was eventually classed as a
25:
15757:
14612:Perricone, Mike (22 March 2006).
14496:
13080:"Particles of the Standard Model"
12477:There are two complications with
9520:
5598:is in the "normal series" (i.e.,
4841:Nomenclature of flavoured mesons
3657:
3595:
1535: = 0) have odd parity (
15704:
15597:Timeline of particle discoveries
10686:
10548:
10241:
10000:
9823:
9541:
7843:
7611:
7021:
6881:
6496:
6168:
5990:
5651:
5532:
5390:
5252:
5110:
4976:
4876:
2077:configuration also form a nonet.
653:of cosmic ray interactions. The
268:
43:
13072:
12986:
12974:(11–12). November–December 2010
12650:
4714:
3820:
2898:) and flavour quantum numbers (
323:composed of an equal number of
14629:(Press release). Batavia, IL:
14616:(Press release). Batavia, IL:
13165:10.1016/j.physletb.2008.07.018
12889:
12849:
10042:
10024:
9865:
9847:
7884:
7866:
7652:
7634:
6555:
6537:
6519:
6231:
6210:
6192:
6031:
6013:
4013:
3995:
3576:
3573:
3566:
3540:
3534:
3527:
3501:
3495:
3488:
3462:
3459:
3443:
3440:
3433:
3407:
3401:
3394:
3368:
3362:
3355:
3329:
3326:
3277:
3270:
3244:
3224:
3217:
3191:
3164:
3157:
3131:
3111:
3104:
3078:
2997:
2960:
2750:
2707:
2297:Replacement by the quark model
1937:
1926:
1904:
1883:
1826:
1815:
1796:
1775:
1686:
1676:
1660:
1647:
1603:
1593:
1580:
1567:
1312: = 1 particles from
378:in the collisions of protons,
13:
1:
13446:10.1016/S0031-9163(64)92001-3
12857:"Nobel Prize in Physics 1949"
12683:
2625:
1031:and only one spin projection
681:(or pion). During 1939–1942,
15613:History of subatomic physics
14592:Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
14526:Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
14231:Particle listings – J/Ψ
13517:Nuclear and Particle Physics
13502:Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
13461:Introductory Nuclear Physics
13308:Concepts of Particle Physics
13136:"Review of Particle Physics"
13117:Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
12643:
12550:, which determines how they
9403:. No definite lifetime (see
645:, was discovered in 1936 by
7:
14579:"Naming scheme for hadrons"
13539:LHCb collaborators (2014):
13495:"Naming scheme for hadrons"
12797:10.1103/PhysRevLett.33.1406
12754:10.1103/PhysRevLett.33.1404
12700:(2nd ed.). Wiley-VCH.
12626:
12565:given in the table for the
2919:Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula
1740:
1542:
1343:
1140:
788:
773:was sometimes used to mean
495:electromagnetic interaction
407:Because quarks have a spin
10:
15762:
14529:(main page). Lawrence, CA.
12914:10.11429/ppmsj1919.17.0_48
12879:Proc. Phys.-Math. Soc. Jpn
12835:10.1103/PhysRevLett.39.252
9530:. Makeup is missing small
5696:
5655:
5640:) is added in parentheses.
4820:) is added in parentheses.
3599:
2879:It was noted that charge (
2851:
1990:
1747:
1546:
1350:
797:
581:
29:
15702:
15605:
15569:
15486:
15447:
15417:
15391:
15387:
15378:
15310:
15278:
15205:
15140:
15122:
15018:
14973:
14945:
14936:
14927:
14909:
14887:
14859:
14850:
14766:
14693:
14684:
14675:
13489:Amsler, C.; et al. (
13130:Amsler, C.; et al. (
13104:Amsler, C.; et al. (
13058:10.1103/RevModPhys.61.533
13037:Reviews of Modern Physics
13009:10.1007/s00016-014-0128-6
9451:are given as that of the
5681:in 2007 and confirmed by
5643:When the meson is in its
5557:is treated as if it were
4848:
4845:
4823:When the meson is in its
4727:is treated as if it were
3915:
3908:
3869:
2301:This belief lasted until
1392:-symmetry). However, the
1219:
1160:
804:angular momentum operator
237:
214:
154:
142:
134:
123:
99:
89:
77:
57:
42:
15630:mathematical formulation
15225:Eta and eta prime mesons
14513:Georgia State University
14503:Nave, C.R., ed. (2005).
13030:Steinberger, J. (1989).
9604:
9599:
9594:
9589:
9584:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5623:is added as a subscript.
4772:=1, the ψ is called the
1069:orbital angular momentum
493:also participate in the
49:Mesons of spin 0 form a
15292:Double-charm tetraquark
14604:thingsmadethinkable.com
14600:"Mesons made thinkable"
13260:. The Nobel Foundation.
13242:. The Nobel Foundation.
12908:. 日本物理学会、日本数学会: 48–57.
12896:Yukawa, Hideki (1935).
12814:Physical Review Letters
12775:Physical Review Letters
12732:Physical Review Letters
5692:
3832:flavour quantum numbers
3646:) when applicable, and
2848:Flavour quantum numbers
777:force carrier, such as
602:would fly apart due to
392:Mesons are part of the
13409:10.1103/PhysRev.51.106
13343:Zeitschrift für Physik
12696:Griffiths, D. (2008).
12664:". In some systems of
12473:Notes on neutral kaons
10061:
9884:
9536:notes on neutral kaons
7904:
7672:
6575:
6251:
6051:
4032:
3616:total angular momentum
3586:
3291:
3007:
2774:
2082:Original isospin model
2078:
2039:
1966:
1855:
1702:
1619:
1503:
808:Total angular momentum
764:Nobel Prize in Physics
499:total angular momentum
427:, whereas baryons are
382:, or other particles.
15689:Wave–particle duality
15679:Relativistic particle
14816:Electron antineutrino
14521:"Particle Data Group"
13235:Cronin, J.W. (1980).
12613:CP violation in kaons
10062:
9885:
7905:
7673:
6576:
6252:
6052:
4768:For the special case
4033:
3587:
3292:
3008:
2775:
2478:quantum superposition
2123:Its "charged states"
2045:
2034:configuration form a
2002:
1967:
1856:
1703:
1620:
1504:
1378:electromagnetic force
766:for his predictions.
724:University of Bristol
626:, who discovered the
519:particle accelerators
376:particle accelerators
14919:Faddeev–Popov ghosts
14669:Particles in physics
14456:Particle listings –
14423:Particle listings –
14386:Particle listings –
14352:Particle listings –
14318:Particle listings –
14284:Particle listings –
14247:Particle listings –
14198:Particle listings –
14164:Particle listings –
14131:Particle listings –
14094:Particle listings –
14060:Particle listings –
14027:Particle listings –
13994:Particle listings –
13960:Particle listings –
13927:Particle listings –
13894:Particle listings –
13860:Particle listings –
13823:Particle listings –
13790:Particle listings –
13757:Particle listings –
13723:Particle listings –
13689:Particle listings –
13656:Particle listings –
13623:Particle listings –
13590:Particle listings –
13557:Particle listings –
13253:Fitch, V.L. (1980).
10008:
9831:
7850:
7618:
6503:
6176:
5997:
5677:, discovered by the
3979:
3307:
3058:
2928:
2648:
2375:quarks carry charge
2352:quarks carry charge
2329:quarks. Because the
2046:Combinations of one
2003:Combinations of one
1879:
1864:then, the meson is "
1771:
1643:
1628:then, the meson is "
1563:
1461:
1113:in increments of 1.
636:University of Munich
216:Electric charge
160:from 134.9 MeV/
15694:Particle chauvinism
15637:Subatomic particles
14587:Particle Data Group
14555:2003AIPC..660..353V
13491:Particle Data Group
13438:1964PhL.....8..214G
13401:1937PhRv...51..106W
13356:1932ZPhy...77....1H
13157:2008PhLB..667....1A
13132:Particle Data Group
13106:Particle Data Group
13050:1989RvMP...61..533S
12968:Science and Culture
12927:Gamow, G. (1988) .
12870:Yukawa, H. (1935).
12827:1977PhRvL..39..252H
12788:1974PhRvL..33.1406A
12745:1974PhRvL..33.1404A
12563:linear combinations
12546:eigenstates of the
12490:neutral kaon mixing
9622:(>5% of decays)
9620:Commonly decays to
5782:(>5% of decays)
5780:Commonly decays to
5704:Pseudoscalar mesons
5628:spectroscopic state
4842:
4808:spectroscopic state
3866:
3667:
3652:Particle Data Group
1975:then the meson is "
1711:then the meson is "
1328: = 0 and
1316: = 0 and
1304: = 1 and
1292: = 0 and
1122:
1058:pseudoscalar mesons
720:Giuseppe Occhialini
683:Debendra Mohan Bose
647:Carl David Anderson
624:Carl David Anderson
39:
14487:J.W. Cronin (1980)
13364:10.1007/BF01342433
10057:
10055:
9880:
9878:
9799:Neutral rho meson
9627:Charged rho meson
7900:
7897:
7668:
7665:
6856:Charmed eta meson
6571:
6568:
6247:
6244:
6047:
6044:
4840:
4028:
4026:
3864:
3826:Flavourless mesons
3732:Pseudovector meson
3710:Pseudoscalar meson
3665:
3582:
3287:
3285:
3003:
2770:
2092:strong interaction
2079:
2040:
1987:Isospin and charge
1983: = −1).
1962:
1851:
1719: = −1).
1698:
1615:
1539: = −1).
1518:spherical harmonic
1499:
1382:strong interaction
1338:meson spectroscopy
1116:
649:and others in the
489:. Mesons with net
487:strong interaction
333:strong interaction
321:subatomic particle
186:to 9.460 GeV/
37:
15718:
15717:
15674:Massless particle
15482:
15481:
15478:
15477:
15443:
15442:
15306:
15305:
15118:
15117:
15114:
15113:
15066:Magnetic monopole
15014:
15013:
14905:
14904:
14846:
14845:
14826:Muon antineutrino
14811:Electron neutrino
14563:10.1063/1.1570585
13290:978-0-19-929666-8
13221:978-0-19-929666-8
13144:Physics Letters B
12946:978-0-486-25767-9
12782:(23): 1406–1408.
12739:(23): 1404–1406.
12707:978-3-527-40601-2
12542:. However, they
12463:is given instead.
12443:
12442:
11111:(892) decay modes
10950:(892) decay modes
10054:
10053:
10045:
10027:
9877:
9876:
9868:
9850:
9391:is given instead.
9365:
9364:
7896:
7895:
7887:
7869:
7664:
7663:
7655:
7637:
6996:Bottom eta meson
6567:
6566:
6558:
6540:
6522:
6243:
6242:
6234:
6213:
6195:
6043:
6042:
6034:
6016:
5537:
5536:
4710:
4709:
4025:
4024:
4016:
3998:
3818:
3817:
3569:
3565:
3550:
3530:
3526:
3511:
3491:
3487:
3472:
3457:
3436:
3432:
3417:
3397:
3393:
3378:
3358:
3354:
3339:
3324:
3273:
3269:
3254:
3220:
3216:
3201:
3160:
3156:
3141:
3107:
3103:
3088:
2958:
2753:
2749:
2734:
2710:
2706:
2691:
2672:
2088:Werner Heisenberg
1940:
1907:
1829:
1799:
1735:weak interactions
1689:
1663:
1606:
1583:
1451: = +).
1278:
1277:
632:Werner Heisenberg
574:) containing the
548:) containing the
256:
255:
16:(Redirected from
15753:
15708:
15684:Virtual particle
15455:Mesonic molecule
15389:
15388:
15385:
15384:
15230:Bottom eta meson
15138:
15137:
15129:
15128:
15101:W′ and Z′ bosons
15091:Sterile neutrino
15076:Majorana fermion
14943:
14942:
14934:
14933:
14857:
14856:
14836:Tau antineutrino
14691:
14690:
14682:
14681:
14662:
14655:
14648:
14639:
14638:
14634:
14621:
14607:
14595:
14590:. Lawrence, CA:
14583:
14574:
14548:
14530:
14516:
14488:
14485:
14476:
14474:
14473:
14472:
14464:
14463:
14448:
14442:
14440:
14439:
14438:
14431:
14430:
14415:
14406:
14404:
14403:
14402:
14394:
14393:
14378:
14372:
14369:
14368:
14367:
14360:
14359:
14344:
14338:
14335:
14334:
14333:
14326:
14325:
14310:
14304:
14301:
14300:
14299:
14292:
14291:
14276:
14267:
14264:
14263:
14262:
14255:
14254:
14239:
14233:
14223:
14217:
14215:
14214:
14213:
14206:
14205:
14190:
14184:
14181:
14180:
14179:
14172:
14171:
14156:
14150:
14148:
14147:
14146:
14139:
14138:
14123:
14114:
14112:
14111:
14110:
14102:
14101:
14086:
14080:
14078:
14077:
14076:
14068:
14067:
14052:
14046:
14044:
14043:
14042:
14035:
14034:
14019:
14013:
14011:
14010:
14009:
14002:
14001:
13986:
13980:
13978:
13977:
13976:
13968:
13967:
13952:
13946:
13944:
13943:
13942:
13935:
13934:
13919:
13913:
13911:
13910:
13909:
13902:
13901:
13886:
13880:
13878:
13877:
13876:
13868:
13867:
13852:
13843:
13841:
13840:
13839:
13831:
13830:
13815:
13809:
13807:
13806:
13805:
13798:
13797:
13782:
13776:
13774:
13773:
13772:
13765:
13764:
13749:
13743:
13741:
13740:
13739:
13731:
13730:
13715:
13709:
13707:
13706:
13705:
13697:
13696:
13681:
13675:
13673:
13672:
13671:
13664:
13663:
13648:
13642:
13640:
13639:
13638:
13631:
13630:
13615:
13609:
13607:
13606:
13605:
13598:
13597:
13582:
13576:
13574:
13573:
13572:
13565:
13564:
13549:
13543:
13537:
13531:
13530:
13512:
13506:
13505:
13499:
13486:
13475:
13474:
13456:
13450:
13449:
13419:
13413:
13412:
13382:
13376:
13375:
13334:
13328:
13327:
13311:
13301:
13295:
13294:
13278:
13268:
13262:
13261:
13259:
13250:
13244:
13243:
13241:
13232:
13226:
13225:
13209:
13199:
13193:
13192:
13140:
13127:
13121:
13120:
13114:
13101:
13095:
13094:
13092:
13090:
13076:
13070:
13069:
13027:
13021:
13020:
12990:
12984:
12983:
12981:
12979:
12965:
12957:
12951:
12950:
12934:
12924:
12918:
12917:
12893:
12887:
12886:
12876:
12867:
12861:
12860:
12853:
12847:
12846:
12808:
12802:
12801:
12799:
12765:
12759:
12758:
12756:
12718:
12712:
12711:
12693:
12677:
12675:
12671:
12663:
12659:
12654:
12633:Mesonic molecule
12606:
12604:
12603:
12595:
12594:
12585:
12583:
12582:
12574:
12573:
12533:
12531:
12530:
12522:
12521:
12512:
12510:
12509:
12501:
12500:
12468:
12462:
12461:
12457:
12449:PDG reports the
12448:
12424:
12419:
12411:
12409:
12408:
12402:
12399:
12398:
12390:
12388:
12387:
12380:
12379:
12369:
12367:
12366:
12358:
12357:
12347:
12345:
12344:
12336:
12335:
12325:Charmed B meson
12320:
12319:
12317:
12316:
12309:
12308:
12299:
12297:
12296:
12288:
12287:
12264:
12259:
12254:
12252:
12248:
12241:
12239:
12238:
12232:
12229:
12228:
12220:
12218:
12217:
12210:
12209:
12199:
12197:
12196:
12189:
12186:
12185:
12175:
12173:
12172:
12164:
12163:
12153:Strange B meson
12148:
12147:
12145:
12144:
12137:
12136:
12127:
12125:
12124:
12117:
12116:
12093:
12088:
12087:
12086:
12082:
12075:
12073:
12069:
12062:
12060:
12059:
12053:
12050:
12049:
12041:
12039:
12038:
12031:
12030:
12020:
12018:
12017:
12011:
12008:
12007:
11997:
11995:
11994:
11987:
11986:
11971:
11970:
11968:
11967:
11960:
11959:
11950:
11948:
11947:
11940:
11939:
11916:
11911:
11910:
11909:
11905:
11898:
11896:
11892:
11885:
11883:
11882:
11876:
11873:
11872:
11864:
11862:
11861:
11854:
11853:
11843:
11841:
11840:
11833:
11832:
11822:
11820:
11819:
11812:
11811:
11796:
11795:
11793:
11792:
11785:
11784:
11775:
11773:
11772:
11765:
11764:
11754:
11752:
11750:
11749:
11742:
11741:
11732:
11730:
11729:
11722:
11721:
11710:
11709:
11707:
11689:
11684:
11679:
11677:
11673:
11666:
11664:
11663:
11657:
11654:
11653:
11645:
11643:
11642:
11635:
11634:
11624:
11622:
11621:
11613:
11612:
11602:
11600:
11599:
11591:
11590:
11580:strange D meson
11575:
11574:
11572:
11571:
11564:
11563:
11554:
11552:
11551:
11544:
11543:
11533:
11531:
11529:
11528:
11521:
11520:
11511:
11509:
11508:
11501:
11500:
11489:
11488:
11486:
11468:
11463:
11462:
11461:
11457:
11450:
11448:
11444:
11437:
11435:
11434:
11428:
11425:
11424:
11416:
11414:
11413:
11406:
11405:
11394:
11392:
11391:
11385:
11382:
11381:
11370:
11368:
11367:
11360:
11359:
11344:
11343:
11341:
11340:
11333:
11332:
11323:
11321:
11320:
11313:
11312:
11302:
11300:
11298:
11297:
11290:
11289:
11280:
11278:
11277:
11270:
11269:
11258:
11257:
11255:
11251:
11234:
11229:
11228:
11227:
11223:
11216:
11214:
11210:
11203:
11201:
11200:
11194:
11191:
11190:
11182:
11180:
11179:
11172:
11171:
11160:
11158:
11157:
11150:
11149:
11138:
11136:
11135:
11128:
11127:
11110:
11109:
11108:
11101:
11100:
11089:
11088:
11086:
11082:
11062:
11061:
11057:
11051:
11049:
11042:
11040:
11039:
11033:
11030:
11029:
11021:
11019:
11018:
11011:
11010:
11000:
10998:
10997:
10991:
10988:
10987:
10977:
10975:
10974:
10967:
10966:
10949:
10948:
10947:
10940:
10939:
10928:
10927:
10925:
10904:
10903:
10899:
10893:
10891:
10884:
10882:
10881:
10875:
10872:
10871:
10863:
10861:
10860:
10853:
10852:
10842:
10840:
10839:
10832:
10831:
10821:
10819:
10818:
10811:
10810:
10794:(1S) decay modes
10793:
10792:
10791:
10784:
10783:
10772:
10771:
10769:
10765:
10742:
10740:
10736:
10729:
10727:
10726:
10720:
10717:
10716:
10708:
10706:
10705:
10698:
10697:
10683:
10681:
10680:
10673:
10672:
10656:(1S) decay modes
10655:
10654:
10653:
10646:
10645:
10634:
10633:
10631:
10627:
10604:
10602:
10598:
10591:
10589:
10588:
10582:
10579:
10578:
10570:
10568:
10567:
10560:
10559:
10546:
10544:
10543:
10536:
10535:
10520:
10518:
10516:
10515:
10508:
10507:
10498:
10496:
10495:
10488:
10487:
10478:
10476:
10475:
10468:
10467:
10458:
10456:
10455:
10448:
10447:
10438:
10436:
10435:
10428:
10427:
10416:
10414:
10412:
10411:
10403:
10402:
10393:
10391:
10390:
10382:
10381:
10371:
10369:
10367:
10366:
10359:
10358:
10349:
10347:
10346:
10339:
10338:
10327:
10326:
10324:
10320:
10297:
10295:
10291:
10284:
10282:
10281:
10275:
10272:
10271:
10263:
10261:
10260:
10253:
10252:
10238:
10236:
10235:
10228:
10227:
10212:
10211:
10209:
10208:
10201:
10200:
10191:
10189:
10188:
10181:
10180:
10170:
10168:
10166:
10165:
10158:
10157:
10148:
10146:
10145:
10138:
10137:
10128:
10126:
10125:
10118:
10117:
10106:
10105:
10103:
10099:
10076:
10074:
10067:
10066:
10064:
10063:
10058:
10056:
10049:
10048:
10047:
10046:
10038:
10029:
10028:
10020:
10013:
9997:
9995:
9994:
9987:
9986:
9971:
9970:
9968:
9967:
9960:
9959:
9950:
9948:
9947:
9940:
9939:
9928:
9927:
9925:
9901:
9900:
9898:
9890:
9889:
9887:
9886:
9881:
9879:
9872:
9871:
9870:
9869:
9861:
9852:
9851:
9843:
9836:
9820:
9818:
9817:
9810:
9809:
9794:
9793:
9791:
9790:
9783:
9782:
9773:
9771:
9770:
9763:
9762:
9751:
9750:
9748:
9724:
9723:
9721:
9713:
9711:
9710:
9704:
9701:
9700:
9692:
9690:
9689:
9682:
9681:
9670:
9668:
9667:
9660:
9659:
9648:
9646:
9645:
9638:
9637:
9546:
9545:
9523:
9517:
9512:
9507:on the order of
9506:
9505:
9504:
9496:
9495:
9487:
9486:
9485:
9477:
9476:
9468:
9467:
9466:
9459:
9458:
9450:
9449:
9448:
9440:
9439:
9431:
9430:
9429:
9421:
9420:
9413:The mass of the
9412:
9396:
9390:
9389:
9385:
9377:PDG reports the
9376:
9370:
9359:
9358:
9357:
9349:
9348:
9337:
9336:
9334:
9330:
9313:
9308:
9303:
9301:
9294:
9292:
9291:
9285:
9282:
9281:
9273:
9271:
9270:
9263:
9262:
9252:
9250:
9249:
9241:
9240:
9230:
9228:
9227:
9219:
9218:
9208:Charmed B meson
9201:
9200:
9199:
9191:
9190:
9179:
9178:
9176:
9173:
9172:
9152:
9147:
9142:
9140:
9136:
9129:
9127:
9126:
9120:
9117:
9116:
9108:
9106:
9105:
9098:
9097:
9087:
9085:
9084:
9077:
9074:
9073:
9063:
9061:
9060:
9052:
9051:
9041:Strange B meson
9034:
9033:
9032:
9025:
9024:
9013:
9012:
9010:
9006:
8989:
8984:
8983:
8982:
8978:
8971:
8969:
8965:
8958:
8956:
8955:
8949:
8946:
8945:
8937:
8935:
8934:
8927:
8926:
8916:
8914:
8913:
8907:
8904:
8903:
8893:
8891:
8890:
8883:
8882:
8865:
8864:
8863:
8856:
8855:
8844:
8843:
8841:
8837:
8820:
8815:
8814:
8813:
8809:
8802:
8800:
8796:
8789:
8787:
8786:
8780:
8777:
8776:
8768:
8766:
8765:
8758:
8757:
8747:
8745:
8744:
8737:
8736:
8726:
8724:
8723:
8716:
8715:
8698:
8697:
8696:
8688:
8687:
8676:
8675:
8673:
8669:
8646:
8644:
8640:
8633:
8631:
8630:
8624:
8621:
8620:
8612:
8610:
8609:
8602:
8601:
8591:
8589:
8588:
8580:
8579:
8569:
8567:
8566:
8558:
8557:
8547:strange D meson
8540:
8539:
8538:
8531:
8530:
8519:
8518:
8516:
8512:
8492:
8491:
8487:
8481:
8479:
8475:
8468:
8466:
8465:
8459:
8456:
8455:
8447:
8445:
8444:
8437:
8436:
8426:
8424:
8423:
8417:
8414:
8413:
8403:
8401:
8400:
8393:
8392:
8375:
8374:
8373:
8366:
8365:
8354:
8353:
8351:
8347:
8327:
8326:
8322:
8316:
8314:
8310:
8303:
8301:
8300:
8294:
8291:
8290:
8282:
8280:
8279:
8272:
8271:
8261:
8259:
8258:
8251:
8250:
8240:
8238:
8237:
8230:
8229:
8214:
8213:
8211:
8210:
8203:
8202:
8193:
8191:
8190:
8183:
8182:
8173:
8171:
8170:
8163:
8162:
8152:
8150:
8148:
8147:
8140:
8139:
8130:
8128:
8127:
8120:
8119:
8110:
8108:
8107:
8100:
8099:
8089:
8087:
8085:
8084:
8076:
8075:
8066:
8064:
8063:
8056:
8055:
8046:
8044:
8043:
8036:
8035:
8025:
8023:
8021:
8020:
8012:
8011:
8002:
8000:
7999:
7992:
7991:
7982:
7980:
7979:
7972:
7971:
7960:
7959:
7957:
7953:
7931:
7930:
7926:
7920:
7919:
7917:
7909:
7907:
7906:
7901:
7898:
7891:
7890:
7889:
7888:
7880:
7871:
7870:
7862:
7855:
7841:
7839:
7838:
7830:
7829:
7814:
7813:
7811:
7810:
7803:
7802:
7793:
7791:
7790:
7783:
7782:
7772:
7770:
7768:
7767:
7760:
7759:
7750:
7748:
7747:
7740:
7739:
7728:
7727:
7725:
7721:
7699:
7698:
7694:
7688:
7687:
7685:
7677:
7675:
7674:
7669:
7666:
7659:
7658:
7657:
7656:
7648:
7639:
7638:
7630:
7623:
7609:
7607:
7606:
7598:
7597:
7566:
7565:
7561:
7555:
7554:
7552:
7544:
7542:
7541:
7535:
7532:
7531:
7523:
7521:
7520:
7513:
7512:
7502:
7500:
7499:
7493:
7490:
7489:
7479:
7477:
7476:
7469:
7468:
7452:
7451:
7449:
7448:
7441:
7440:
7431:
7429:
7428:
7421:
7420:
7410:
7408:
7406:
7405:
7397:
7396:
7387:
7385:
7384:
7377:
7376:
7367:
7365:
7364:
7357:
7356:
7346:
7344:
7342:
7341:
7334:
7333:
7324:
7322:
7321:
7314:
7313:
7302:
7300:
7298:
7297:
7289:
7288:
7279:
7277:
7276:
7269:
7268:
7257:
7256:
7254:
7250:
7230:
7229:
7225:
7219:
7218:
7216:
7208:
7206:
7205:
7199:
7196:
7195:
7187:
7185:
7184:
7177:
7176:
7166:
7164:
7163:
7156:
7155:
7145:
7143:
7142:
7135:
7134:
7117:
7116:
7115:
7107:
7106:
7083:
7078:
7073:
7071:
7064:
7062:
7061:
7055:
7052:
7051:
7043:
7041:
7040:
7033:
7032:
7018:
7016:
7015:
7007:
7006:
6989:
6988:
6987:
6979:
6978:
6967:
6966:
6964:
6960:
6937:
6935:
6931:
6924:
6922:
6921:
6915:
6912:
6911:
6903:
6901:
6900:
6893:
6892:
6878:
6876:
6875:
6867:
6866:
6851:
6850:
6848:
6847:
6840:
6839:
6830:
6828:
6827:
6820:
6819:
6810:
6808:
6807:
6800:
6799:
6789:
6787:
6785:
6784:
6777:
6776:
6767:
6765:
6764:
6757:
6756:
6747:
6745:
6744:
6737:
6736:
6727:
6725:
6724:
6717:
6716:
6707:
6705:
6704:
6697:
6696:
6685:
6683:
6681:
6680:
6673:
6672:
6663:
6661:
6660:
6653:
6652:
6643:
6641:
6640:
6633:
6632:
6621:
6620:
6618:
6614:
6591:
6590:
6588:
6580:
6578:
6577:
6572:
6569:
6562:
6561:
6560:
6559:
6551:
6542:
6541:
6533:
6524:
6523:
6515:
6508:
6493:
6491:
6490:
6483:
6482:
6472:Eta prime meson
6467:
6466:
6464:
6463:
6456:
6455:
6446:
6444:
6443:
6436:
6435:
6426:
6424:
6423:
6416:
6415:
6405:
6403:
6401:
6400:
6393:
6392:
6383:
6381:
6380:
6373:
6372:
6363:
6361:
6360:
6353:
6352:
6341:
6340:
6338:
6337:
6330:
6329:
6320:
6318:
6317:
6310:
6309:
6298:
6297:
6295:
6291:
6268:
6267:
6265:
6257:
6256:
6254:
6253:
6248:
6245:
6238:
6237:
6236:
6235:
6227:
6215:
6214:
6206:
6197:
6196:
6188:
6181:
6166:
6164:
6163:
6156:
6155:
6140:
6139:
6137:
6136:
6129:
6128:
6119:
6117:
6116:
6109:
6108:
6097:
6096:
6094:
6090:
6067:
6066:
6064:
6056:
6054:
6053:
6048:
6045:
6038:
6037:
6036:
6035:
6027:
6018:
6017:
6009:
6002:
5988:
5986:
5985:
5978:
5977:
5962:
5961:
5959:
5958:
5950:
5949:
5940:
5938:
5937:
5930:
5929:
5918:
5917:
5915:
5911:
5888:
5887:
5886:
5882:
5879:
5871:
5869:
5868:
5862:
5859:
5858:
5850:
5848:
5847:
5840:
5839:
5829:
5827:
5826:
5819:
5818:
5808:
5806:
5805:
5798:
5797:
5708:
5707:
5679:Belle experiment
5622:
5617:
5613:= 0) or vector (
5611:
5602:
5596:
5578:
5576:
5572:
5568:
5564:
5553:
5548:
5530:
5528:
5527:
5519:
5518:
5508:
5506:
5505:
5498:
5495:
5494:
5484:
5482:
5481:
5473:
5472:
5462:
5460:
5459:
5453:
5450:
5449:
5439:
5437:
5436:
5429:
5428:
5413:
5411:
5410:
5402:
5401:
5388:
5386:
5385:
5377:
5376:
5366:
5364:
5363:
5355:
5354:
5344:
5342:
5341:
5334:
5333:
5323:
5321:
5320:
5313:
5312:
5297:
5295:
5294:
5286:
5285:
5275:
5273:
5272:
5264:
5263:
5250:
5248:
5247:
5239:
5238:
5228:
5226:
5225:
5219:
5216:
5215:
5205:
5203:
5202:
5195:
5194:
5179:
5177:
5176:
5168:
5167:
5157:
5155:
5154:
5147:
5144:
5143:
5133:
5131:
5130:
5122:
5121:
5108:
5106:
5105:
5098:
5097:
5087:
5085:
5084:
5077:
5076:
5061:
5059:
5058:
5051:
5050:
5040:
5038:
5037:
5030:
5029:
5019:
5017:
5016:
5009:
5008:
4998:
4996:
4995:
4988:
4987:
4967:
4965:
4964:
4957:
4956:
4946:
4944:
4943:
4937:
4934:
4933:
4923:
4921:
4920:
4913:
4912:
4902:
4900:
4899:
4893:
4890:
4889:
4843:
4839:
4832:Flavoured mesons
4792:
4791:
4789:
4788:
4781:
4780:
4771:
4766:
4760:
4754:
4748:
4746:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4723:
4718:
4700:
4698:
4697:
4690:
4689:
4673:
4671:
4670:
4662:
4661:
4648:
4647:
4646:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4629:
4628:
4627:
4620:
4619:
4602:
4600:
4599:
4592:
4591:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4564:
4563:
4550:
4549:
4548:
4542:
4539:
4538:
4531:
4530:
4529:
4522:
4521:
4495:
4493:
4492:
4484:
4483:
4470:
4469:
4468:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4451:
4450:
4449:
4442:
4441:
4430:
4422:
4420:
4419:
4412:
4411:
4402:
4400:
4399:
4392:
4391:
4381:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4363:
4362:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4343:
4342:
4329:
4328:
4327:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4310:
4309:
4308:
4301:
4300:
4292:
4291:
4290:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4264:
4263:
4255:
4254:
4253:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4236:
4235:
4234:
4227:
4226:
4206:
4204:
4203:
4196:
4195:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4176:
4175:
4166:
4164:
4163:
4156:
4155:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4128:
4127:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4108:
4107:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4088:
4087:
4074:
4073:
4072:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4055:
4054:
4053:
4046:
4045:
4037:
4035:
4034:
4029:
4027:
4020:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4009:
4000:
3999:
3991:
3984:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3955:
3954:
3953:
3946:
3945:
3919:
3912:
3905:
3904:
3903:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3877:
3876:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3844:
3838:
3704:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3668:
3666:Types of mesons
3664:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3583:
3572:
3571:
3570:
3563:
3562:
3552:
3551:
3548:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3524:
3523:
3513:
3512:
3509:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3485:
3484:
3474:
3473:
3470:
3458:
3450:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3430:
3429:
3419:
3418:
3415:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3391:
3390:
3380:
3379:
3376:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3352:
3351:
3341:
3340:
3337:
3325:
3317:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3286:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3267:
3266:
3256:
3255:
3252:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3214:
3213:
3203:
3202:
3199:
3180:
3179:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3154:
3153:
3143:
3142:
3139:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3101:
3100:
3090:
3089:
3086:
3029:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3004:
2990:
2989:
2959:
2951:
2946:
2945:
2911:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2823:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2798:
2786:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2747:
2746:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2704:
2703:
2693:
2692:
2689:
2673:
2665:
2660:
2659:
2633:
2627:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2590:
2589:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2572:
2571:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2556:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2539:
2538:
2537:
2530:
2529:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2490:
2489:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2465:
2464:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2424:
2423:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2406:
2405:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2380:
2374:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2303:Murray Gell-Mann
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2254:
2253:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2236:
2235:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2218:
2217:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2167:
2166:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2149:
2148:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2131:
2130:
2122:
2120:
2076:
2074:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2033:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
1982:
1978:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1957:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1941:
1933:
1929:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1908:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1886:
1871:
1867:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1846:
1837:
1836:
1831:
1830:
1822:
1818:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1800:
1792:
1788:
1787:
1778:
1760:
1756:
1743:
1732:
1724:
1718:
1714:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1691:
1690:
1682:
1679:
1665:
1664:
1656:
1650:
1635:
1631:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1608:
1607:
1599:
1596:
1585:
1584:
1576:
1570:
1555:
1538:
1534:
1515:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1486:
1482:
1450:
1446:
1434:
1430:
1406:
1401:parity violation
1394:weak interaction
1391:
1371:
1359:
1353:Parity (physics)
1346:
1335:
1332: = 0,
1331:
1327:
1324: = 1,
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1296: = 0;
1295:
1291:
1288: = 1;
1287:
1283:
1156:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1129:
1123:
1120:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1071:(quantum number
1065:angular momentum
1041:
1036:
1030:
1028:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
994:
989:
983:
981:
976:
974:
972:
971:
968:
965:
961:
952:
947:
946:
944:
943:
940:
937:
927:
921:
919:
918:
915:
912:
905:
901:
899:
897:
896:
893:
890:
883:
878:
876:
875:
872:
869:
851:
846:
844:
843:
840:
837:
829:angular momentum
822:
819:(quantum number
783:weak interaction
736:virtual particle
573:
572:
571:
564:
563:
547:
546:
545:
538:
537:
483:weak interaction
477:
476:
475:
468:
467:
459:
458:
457:
450:
449:
422:
420:
419:
416:
413:
315:
314:
311:
310:
307:
304:
301:
298:
295:
290:
289:
286:
283:
280:
277:
274:
260:particle physics
209:
207:
206:
199:
198:
183:
181:
180:
173:
172:
47:
40:
36:
32:Meson (software)
21:
15761:
15760:
15756:
15755:
15754:
15752:
15751:
15750:
15721:
15720:
15719:
15714:
15698:
15652:Nuclear physics
15601:
15565:
15501:Davydov soliton
15474:
15439:
15413:
15374:
15302:
15274:
15201:
15110:
15010:
14969:
14923:
14901:
14883:
14842:
14762:
14671:
14666:
14598:
14581:
14577:
14519:
14511:. Atlanta, GA:
14499:
14493:
14491:
14486:
14479:
14471:
14468:
14467:
14466:
14462:
14460:
14459:
14458:
14457:
14449:
14445:
14437:
14435:
14434:
14433:
14429:
14427:
14426:
14425:
14424:
14416:
14409:
14401:
14398:
14397:
14396:
14392:
14390:
14389:
14388:
14387:
14379:
14375:
14366:
14364:
14363:
14362:
14358:
14356:
14355:
14354:
14353:
14345:
14341:
14332:
14330:
14329:
14328:
14324:
14322:
14321:
14320:
14319:
14311:
14307:
14298:
14296:
14295:
14294:
14290:
14288:
14287:
14286:
14285:
14277:
14270:
14261:
14259:
14258:
14257:
14253:
14251:
14250:
14249:
14248:
14240:
14236:
14224:
14220:
14212:
14210:
14209:
14208:
14204:
14202:
14201:
14200:
14199:
14191:
14187:
14178:
14176:
14175:
14174:
14170:
14168:
14167:
14166:
14165:
14157:
14153:
14145:
14143:
14142:
14141:
14137:
14135:
14134:
14133:
14132:
14124:
14117:
14109:
14106:
14105:
14104:
14100:
14098:
14097:
14096:
14095:
14087:
14083:
14075:
14072:
14071:
14070:
14066:
14064:
14063:
14062:
14061:
14053:
14049:
14041:
14039:
14038:
14037:
14033:
14031:
14030:
14029:
14028:
14020:
14016:
14008:
14006:
14005:
14004:
14000:
13998:
13997:
13996:
13995:
13987:
13983:
13975:
13972:
13971:
13970:
13966:
13964:
13963:
13962:
13961:
13953:
13949:
13941:
13939:
13938:
13937:
13933:
13931:
13930:
13929:
13928:
13920:
13916:
13908:
13906:
13905:
13904:
13900:
13898:
13897:
13896:
13895:
13887:
13883:
13875:
13872:
13871:
13870:
13866:
13864:
13863:
13862:
13861:
13853:
13846:
13838:
13835:
13834:
13833:
13829:
13827:
13826:
13825:
13824:
13816:
13812:
13804:
13802:
13801:
13800:
13796:
13794:
13793:
13792:
13791:
13783:
13779:
13771:
13769:
13768:
13767:
13763:
13761:
13760:
13759:
13758:
13750:
13746:
13738:
13735:
13734:
13733:
13729:
13727:
13726:
13725:
13724:
13716:
13712:
13704:
13701:
13700:
13699:
13695:
13693:
13692:
13691:
13690:
13682:
13678:
13670:
13668:
13667:
13666:
13662:
13660:
13659:
13658:
13657:
13649:
13645:
13637:
13635:
13634:
13633:
13629:
13627:
13626:
13625:
13624:
13616:
13612:
13604:
13602:
13601:
13600:
13596:
13594:
13593:
13592:
13591:
13583:
13579:
13571:
13569:
13568:
13567:
13563:
13561:
13560:
13559:
13558:
13550:
13546:
13538:
13534:
13527:
13513:
13509:
13497:
13487:
13478:
13471:
13457:
13453:
13425:Physics Letters
13420:
13416:
13388:Physical Review
13383:
13379:
13335:
13331:
13324:
13302:
13298:
13291:
13269:
13265:
13257:
13251:
13247:
13239:
13233:
13229:
13222:
13200:
13196:
13138:
13128:
13124:
13112:
13102:
13098:
13088:
13086:
13078:
13077:
13073:
13028:
13024:
12991:
12987:
12977:
12975:
12963:
12959:
12958:
12954:
12947:
12925:
12921:
12894:
12890:
12874:
12868:
12864:
12855:
12854:
12850:
12809:
12805:
12766:
12762:
12719:
12715:
12708:
12694:
12690:
12686:
12681:
12680:
12673:
12669:
12661:
12657:
12655:
12651:
12646:
12629:
12602:
12599:
12598:
12597:
12593:
12591:
12590:
12589:
12587:
12581:
12578:
12577:
12576:
12572:
12570:
12569:
12568:
12566:
12529:
12526:
12525:
12524:
12520:
12518:
12517:
12516:
12514:
12508:
12505:
12504:
12503:
12499:
12497:
12496:
12495:
12493:
12475:
12464:
12459:
12455:
12454:
12451:resonance width
12422:
12417:
12407:
12405:
12404:
12403:
12400:
12397:
12395:
12394:
12393:
12391:
12386:
12384:
12383:
12382:
12378:
12376:
12375:
12374:
12372:
12365:
12362:
12361:
12360:
12356:
12354:
12353:
12352:
12350:
12343:
12340:
12339:
12338:
12334:
12332:
12331:
12330:
12328:
12315:
12313:
12312:
12311:
12307:
12305:
12304:
12303:
12301:
12295:
12292:
12291:
12290:
12286:
12284:
12283:
12282:
12280:
12279:
12262:
12257:
12250:
12246:
12244:
12237:
12235:
12234:
12233:
12230:
12227:
12225:
12224:
12223:
12221:
12216:
12214:
12213:
12212:
12208:
12206:
12205:
12204:
12202:
12195:
12192:
12191:
12190:
12187:
12184:
12182:
12181:
12180:
12178:
12171:
12168:
12167:
12166:
12162:
12160:
12159:
12158:
12156:
12143:
12141:
12140:
12139:
12135:
12133:
12132:
12131:
12129:
12123:
12121:
12120:
12119:
12115:
12113:
12112:
12111:
12109:
12108:
12091:
12084:
12080:
12079:
12078:
12071:
12067:
12065:
12058:
12056:
12055:
12054:
12051:
12048:
12046:
12045:
12044:
12042:
12037:
12035:
12034:
12033:
12029:
12027:
12026:
12025:
12023:
12016:
12014:
12013:
12012:
12009:
12006:
12004:
12003:
12002:
12000:
11993:
11991:
11990:
11989:
11985:
11983:
11982:
11981:
11979:
11966:
11964:
11963:
11962:
11958:
11956:
11955:
11954:
11952:
11946:
11944:
11943:
11942:
11938:
11936:
11935:
11934:
11932:
11931:
11914:
11907:
11903:
11902:
11901:
11894:
11890:
11888:
11881:
11879:
11878:
11877:
11874:
11871:
11869:
11868:
11867:
11865:
11860:
11858:
11857:
11856:
11852:
11850:
11849:
11848:
11846:
11839:
11837:
11836:
11835:
11831:
11829:
11828:
11827:
11825:
11818:
11816:
11815:
11814:
11810:
11808:
11807:
11806:
11804:
11791:
11789:
11788:
11787:
11783:
11781:
11780:
11779:
11777:
11771:
11769:
11768:
11767:
11763:
11761:
11760:
11759:
11757:
11756:
11755:
11748:
11746:
11745:
11744:
11740:
11738:
11737:
11736:
11734:
11728:
11726:
11725:
11724:
11720:
11718:
11717:
11716:
11714:
11713:
11705:
11703:
11687:
11682:
11675:
11671:
11669:
11662:
11660:
11659:
11658:
11655:
11652:
11650:
11649:
11648:
11646:
11641:
11639:
11638:
11637:
11633:
11631:
11630:
11629:
11627:
11620:
11617:
11616:
11615:
11611:
11609:
11608:
11607:
11605:
11598:
11595:
11594:
11593:
11589:
11587:
11586:
11585:
11583:
11570:
11568:
11567:
11566:
11562:
11560:
11559:
11558:
11556:
11550:
11548:
11547:
11546:
11542:
11540:
11539:
11538:
11536:
11535:
11534:
11527:
11525:
11524:
11523:
11519:
11517:
11516:
11515:
11513:
11507:
11505:
11504:
11503:
11499:
11497:
11496:
11495:
11493:
11492:
11484:
11482:
11466:
11459:
11455:
11454:
11453:
11446:
11442:
11440:
11433:
11431:
11430:
11429:
11426:
11423:
11421:
11420:
11419:
11417:
11412:
11410:
11409:
11408:
11404:
11402:
11401:
11400:
11398:
11390:
11388:
11387:
11386:
11383:
11380:
11378:
11377:
11376:
11374:
11366:
11364:
11363:
11362:
11358:
11356:
11355:
11354:
11352:
11339:
11337:
11336:
11335:
11331:
11329:
11328:
11327:
11325:
11319:
11317:
11316:
11315:
11311:
11309:
11308:
11307:
11305:
11304:
11303:
11296:
11294:
11293:
11292:
11288:
11286:
11285:
11284:
11282:
11276:
11274:
11273:
11272:
11268:
11266:
11265:
11264:
11262:
11261:
11253:
11249:
11247:
11232:
11225:
11221:
11220:
11219:
11212:
11208:
11206:
11199:
11197:
11196:
11195:
11192:
11189:
11187:
11186:
11185:
11183:
11178:
11176:
11175:
11174:
11170:
11168:
11167:
11166:
11164:
11156:
11154:
11153:
11152:
11148:
11146:
11145:
11144:
11142:
11134:
11132:
11131:
11130:
11126:
11124:
11123:
11122:
11120:
11107:
11105:
11104:
11103:
11099:
11097:
11096:
11095:
11094:
11084:
11080:
11078:
11059:
11055:
11054:
11047:
11045:
11038:
11036:
11035:
11034:
11031:
11028:
11026:
11025:
11024:
11022:
11017:
11015:
11014:
11013:
11009:
11007:
11006:
11005:
11003:
10996:
10994:
10993:
10992:
10989:
10986:
10984:
10983:
10982:
10980:
10973:
10971:
10970:
10969:
10965:
10963:
10962:
10961:
10959:
10946:
10944:
10943:
10942:
10938:
10936:
10935:
10934:
10933:
10923:
10921:
10901:
10897:
10896:
10889:
10887:
10880:
10878:
10877:
10876:
10873:
10870:
10868:
10867:
10866:
10864:
10859:
10857:
10856:
10855:
10851:
10849:
10848:
10847:
10845:
10838:
10836:
10835:
10834:
10830:
10828:
10827:
10826:
10824:
10817:
10815:
10814:
10813:
10809:
10807:
10806:
10805:
10803:
10790:
10788:
10787:
10786:
10782:
10780:
10779:
10778:
10777:
10767:
10763:
10761:
10738:
10734:
10732:
10725:
10723:
10722:
10721:
10718:
10715:
10713:
10712:
10711:
10709:
10704:
10702:
10701:
10700:
10696:
10694:
10693:
10692:
10690:
10679:
10677:
10676:
10675:
10671:
10669:
10668:
10667:
10665:
10652:
10650:
10649:
10648:
10644:
10642:
10641:
10640:
10639:
10629:
10625:
10623:
10600:
10596:
10594:
10587:
10585:
10584:
10583:
10580:
10577:
10575:
10574:
10573:
10571:
10566:
10564:
10563:
10562:
10558:
10556:
10555:
10554:
10552:
10542:
10540:
10539:
10538:
10534:
10532:
10531:
10530:
10528:
10514:
10512:
10511:
10510:
10506:
10504:
10503:
10502:
10500:
10494:
10492:
10491:
10490:
10486:
10484:
10483:
10482:
10480:
10474:
10472:
10471:
10470:
10466:
10464:
10463:
10462:
10460:
10454:
10452:
10451:
10450:
10446:
10444:
10443:
10442:
10440:
10434:
10432:
10431:
10430:
10426:
10424:
10423:
10422:
10420:
10418:
10417:
10410:
10407:
10406:
10405:
10401:
10399:
10398:
10397:
10395:
10389:
10386:
10385:
10384:
10380:
10378:
10377:
10376:
10374:
10373:
10372:
10365:
10363:
10362:
10361:
10357:
10355:
10354:
10353:
10351:
10345:
10343:
10342:
10341:
10337:
10335:
10334:
10333:
10331:
10330:
10322:
10318:
10316:
10293:
10289:
10287:
10280:
10278:
10277:
10276:
10273:
10270:
10268:
10267:
10266:
10264:
10259:
10257:
10256:
10255:
10251:
10249:
10248:
10247:
10245:
10234:
10232:
10231:
10230:
10226:
10224:
10223:
10222:
10220:
10207:
10205:
10204:
10203:
10199:
10197:
10196:
10195:
10193:
10187:
10185:
10184:
10183:
10179:
10177:
10176:
10175:
10173:
10172:
10171:
10164:
10162:
10161:
10160:
10156:
10154:
10153:
10152:
10150:
10144:
10142:
10141:
10140:
10136:
10134:
10133:
10132:
10130:
10124:
10122:
10121:
10120:
10116:
10114:
10113:
10112:
10110:
10109:
10101:
10097:
10095:
10072:
10070:
10037:
10036:
10019:
10018:
10014:
10011:
10009:
10006:
10005:
10004:
9993:
9991:
9990:
9989:
9985:
9983:
9982:
9981:
9979:
9966:
9964:
9963:
9962:
9958:
9956:
9955:
9954:
9952:
9946:
9944:
9943:
9942:
9938:
9936:
9935:
9934:
9932:
9931:
9923:
9921:
9896:
9894:
9860:
9859:
9842:
9841:
9837:
9834:
9832:
9829:
9828:
9827:
9816:
9814:
9813:
9812:
9808:
9806:
9805:
9804:
9802:
9789:
9787:
9786:
9785:
9781:
9779:
9778:
9777:
9775:
9769:
9767:
9766:
9765:
9761:
9759:
9758:
9757:
9755:
9754:
9746:
9744:
9719:
9717:
9709:
9707:
9706:
9705:
9702:
9699:
9697:
9696:
9695:
9693:
9688:
9686:
9685:
9684:
9680:
9678:
9677:
9676:
9674:
9666:
9664:
9663:
9662:
9658:
9656:
9655:
9654:
9652:
9644:
9642:
9641:
9640:
9636:
9634:
9633:
9632:
9630:
9621:
9565:
9560:
9555:
9550:
9544:
9519:
9510:
9508:
9503:
9500:
9499:
9498:
9494:
9492:
9491:
9490:
9489:
9484:
9481:
9480:
9479:
9475:
9473:
9472:
9471:
9470:
9465:
9463:
9462:
9461:
9457:
9455:
9454:
9453:
9452:
9447:
9444:
9443:
9442:
9438:
9436:
9435:
9434:
9433:
9428:
9425:
9424:
9423:
9419:
9417:
9416:
9415:
9414:
9408:
9392:
9387:
9383:
9382:
9379:resonance width
9372:
9356:
9353:
9352:
9351:
9347:
9345:
9344:
9343:
9342:
9332:
9328:
9326:
9311:
9306:
9299:
9297:
9290:
9288:
9287:
9286:
9283:
9280:
9278:
9277:
9276:
9274:
9269:
9267:
9266:
9265:
9261:
9259:
9258:
9257:
9255:
9248:
9245:
9244:
9243:
9239:
9237:
9236:
9235:
9233:
9226:
9223:
9222:
9221:
9217:
9215:
9214:
9213:
9211:
9198:
9195:
9194:
9193:
9189:
9187:
9186:
9185:
9184:
9174:
9170:
9168:
9167:
9165:
9150:
9145:
9138:
9134:
9132:
9125:
9123:
9122:
9121:
9118:
9115:
9113:
9112:
9111:
9109:
9104:
9102:
9101:
9100:
9096:
9094:
9093:
9092:
9090:
9083:
9080:
9079:
9078:
9075:
9072:
9070:
9069:
9068:
9066:
9059:
9056:
9055:
9054:
9050:
9048:
9047:
9046:
9044:
9031:
9029:
9028:
9027:
9023:
9021:
9020:
9019:
9018:
9008:
9004:
9002:
8987:
8980:
8976:
8975:
8974:
8967:
8963:
8961:
8954:
8952:
8951:
8950:
8947:
8944:
8942:
8941:
8940:
8938:
8933:
8931:
8930:
8929:
8925:
8923:
8922:
8921:
8919:
8912:
8910:
8909:
8908:
8905:
8902:
8900:
8899:
8898:
8896:
8889:
8887:
8886:
8885:
8881:
8879:
8878:
8877:
8875:
8862:
8860:
8859:
8858:
8854:
8852:
8851:
8850:
8849:
8839:
8835:
8833:
8818:
8811:
8807:
8806:
8805:
8798:
8794:
8792:
8785:
8783:
8782:
8781:
8778:
8775:
8773:
8772:
8771:
8769:
8764:
8762:
8761:
8760:
8756:
8754:
8753:
8752:
8750:
8743:
8741:
8740:
8739:
8735:
8733:
8732:
8731:
8729:
8722:
8720:
8719:
8718:
8714:
8712:
8711:
8710:
8708:
8695:
8692:
8691:
8690:
8686:
8684:
8683:
8682:
8681:
8671:
8667:
8665:
8642:
8638:
8636:
8629:
8627:
8626:
8625:
8622:
8619:
8617:
8616:
8615:
8613:
8608:
8606:
8605:
8604:
8600:
8598:
8597:
8596:
8594:
8587:
8584:
8583:
8582:
8578:
8576:
8575:
8574:
8572:
8565:
8562:
8561:
8560:
8556:
8554:
8553:
8552:
8550:
8537:
8535:
8534:
8533:
8529:
8527:
8526:
8525:
8524:
8514:
8510:
8508:
8489:
8485:
8484:
8477:
8473:
8471:
8464:
8462:
8461:
8460:
8457:
8454:
8452:
8451:
8450:
8448:
8443:
8441:
8440:
8439:
8435:
8433:
8432:
8431:
8429:
8422:
8420:
8419:
8418:
8415:
8412:
8410:
8409:
8408:
8406:
8399:
8397:
8396:
8395:
8391:
8389:
8388:
8387:
8385:
8372:
8370:
8369:
8368:
8364:
8362:
8361:
8360:
8359:
8349:
8345:
8343:
8324:
8320:
8319:
8312:
8308:
8306:
8299:
8297:
8296:
8295:
8292:
8289:
8287:
8286:
8285:
8283:
8278:
8276:
8275:
8274:
8270:
8268:
8267:
8266:
8264:
8257:
8255:
8254:
8253:
8249:
8247:
8246:
8245:
8243:
8236:
8234:
8233:
8232:
8228:
8226:
8225:
8224:
8222:
8209:
8207:
8206:
8205:
8201:
8199:
8198:
8197:
8195:
8189:
8187:
8186:
8185:
8181:
8179:
8178:
8177:
8175:
8169:
8167:
8166:
8165:
8161:
8159:
8158:
8157:
8155:
8154:
8153:
8146:
8144:
8143:
8142:
8138:
8136:
8135:
8134:
8132:
8126:
8124:
8123:
8122:
8118:
8116:
8115:
8114:
8112:
8106:
8104:
8103:
8102:
8098:
8096:
8095:
8094:
8092:
8091:
8090:
8083:
8080:
8079:
8078:
8074:
8072:
8071:
8070:
8068:
8062:
8060:
8059:
8058:
8054:
8052:
8051:
8050:
8048:
8042:
8040:
8039:
8038:
8034:
8032:
8031:
8030:
8028:
8027:
8026:
8019:
8016:
8015:
8014:
8010:
8008:
8007:
8006:
8004:
7998:
7996:
7995:
7994:
7990:
7988:
7987:
7986:
7984:
7978:
7976:
7975:
7974:
7970:
7968:
7967:
7966:
7964:
7963:
7955:
7951:
7949:
7928:
7924:
7923:
7915:
7913:
7879:
7878:
7861:
7860:
7856:
7853:
7851:
7848:
7847:
7837:
7834:
7833:
7832:
7828:
7826:
7825:
7824:
7822:
7809:
7807:
7806:
7805:
7801:
7799:
7798:
7797:
7795:
7789:
7787:
7786:
7785:
7781:
7779:
7778:
7777:
7775:
7774:
7773:
7766:
7764:
7763:
7762:
7758:
7756:
7755:
7754:
7752:
7746:
7744:
7743:
7742:
7738:
7736:
7735:
7734:
7732:
7731:
7723:
7719:
7717:
7696:
7692:
7691:
7683:
7681:
7647:
7646:
7629:
7628:
7624:
7621:
7619:
7616:
7615:
7605:
7602:
7601:
7600:
7596:
7594:
7593:
7592:
7590:
7563:
7559:
7558:
7550:
7548:
7540:
7538:
7537:
7536:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7527:
7526:
7524:
7519:
7517:
7516:
7515:
7511:
7509:
7508:
7507:
7505:
7498:
7496:
7495:
7494:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7485:
7484:
7482:
7475:
7473:
7472:
7471:
7467:
7465:
7464:
7463:
7461:
7447:
7445:
7444:
7443:
7439:
7437:
7436:
7435:
7433:
7427:
7425:
7424:
7423:
7419:
7417:
7416:
7415:
7413:
7412:
7411:
7404:
7401:
7400:
7399:
7395:
7393:
7392:
7391:
7389:
7383:
7381:
7380:
7379:
7375:
7373:
7372:
7371:
7369:
7363:
7361:
7360:
7359:
7355:
7353:
7352:
7351:
7349:
7348:
7347:
7340:
7338:
7337:
7336:
7332:
7330:
7329:
7328:
7326:
7320:
7318:
7317:
7316:
7312:
7310:
7309:
7308:
7306:
7305:
7303:
7296:
7293:
7292:
7291:
7287:
7285:
7284:
7283:
7281:
7275:
7273:
7272:
7271:
7267:
7265:
7264:
7263:
7261:
7260:
7252:
7248:
7246:
7227:
7223:
7222:
7214:
7212:
7204:
7202:
7201:
7200:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7191:
7190:
7188:
7183:
7181:
7180:
7179:
7175:
7173:
7172:
7171:
7169:
7162:
7160:
7159:
7158:
7154:
7152:
7151:
7150:
7148:
7141:
7139:
7138:
7137:
7133:
7131:
7130:
7129:
7127:
7114:
7111:
7110:
7109:
7105:
7103:
7102:
7101:
7100:
7081:
7076:
7069:
7067:
7060:
7058:
7057:
7056:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7047:
7046:
7044:
7039:
7037:
7036:
7035:
7031:
7029:
7028:
7027:
7025:
7014:
7011:
7010:
7009:
7005:
7003:
7002:
7001:
6999:
6986:
6983:
6982:
6981:
6977:
6975:
6974:
6973:
6972:
6962:
6958:
6956:
6933:
6929:
6927:
6920:
6918:
6917:
6916:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6907:
6906:
6904:
6899:
6897:
6896:
6895:
6891:
6889:
6888:
6887:
6885:
6874:
6871:
6870:
6869:
6865:
6863:
6862:
6861:
6859:
6846:
6844:
6843:
6842:
6838:
6836:
6835:
6834:
6832:
6826:
6824:
6823:
6822:
6818:
6816:
6815:
6814:
6812:
6806:
6804:
6803:
6802:
6798:
6796:
6795:
6794:
6792:
6791:
6790:
6783:
6781:
6780:
6779:
6775:
6773:
6772:
6771:
6769:
6763:
6761:
6760:
6759:
6755:
6753:
6752:
6751:
6749:
6743:
6741:
6740:
6739:
6735:
6733:
6732:
6731:
6729:
6723:
6721:
6720:
6719:
6715:
6713:
6712:
6711:
6709:
6703:
6701:
6700:
6699:
6695:
6693:
6692:
6691:
6689:
6687:
6686:
6679:
6677:
6676:
6675:
6671:
6669:
6668:
6667:
6665:
6659:
6657:
6656:
6655:
6651:
6649:
6648:
6647:
6645:
6639:
6637:
6636:
6635:
6631:
6629:
6628:
6627:
6625:
6624:
6616:
6612:
6610:
6586:
6584:
6550:
6549:
6532:
6531:
6514:
6513:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6500:
6489:
6487:
6486:
6485:
6481:
6479:
6478:
6477:
6475:
6462:
6460:
6459:
6458:
6454:
6452:
6451:
6450:
6448:
6442:
6440:
6439:
6438:
6434:
6432:
6431:
6430:
6428:
6422:
6420:
6419:
6418:
6414:
6412:
6411:
6410:
6408:
6407:
6406:
6399:
6397:
6396:
6395:
6391:
6389:
6388:
6387:
6385:
6379:
6377:
6376:
6375:
6371:
6369:
6368:
6367:
6365:
6359:
6357:
6356:
6355:
6351:
6349:
6348:
6347:
6345:
6344:
6343:
6336:
6334:
6333:
6332:
6328:
6326:
6325:
6324:
6322:
6316:
6314:
6313:
6312:
6308:
6306:
6305:
6304:
6302:
6301:
6293:
6289:
6287:
6263:
6261:
6226:
6225:
6205:
6204:
6187:
6186:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6173:
6172:
6162:
6160:
6159:
6158:
6154:
6152:
6151:
6150:
6148:
6135:
6133:
6132:
6131:
6127:
6125:
6124:
6123:
6121:
6115:
6113:
6112:
6111:
6107:
6105:
6104:
6103:
6101:
6100:
6092:
6088:
6086:
6062:
6060:
6026:
6025:
6008:
6007:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5994:
5984:
5982:
5981:
5980:
5976:
5974:
5973:
5972:
5970:
5957:
5954:
5953:
5952:
5948:
5946:
5945:
5944:
5942:
5936:
5934:
5933:
5932:
5928:
5926:
5925:
5924:
5922:
5921:
5913:
5909:
5907:
5884:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5867:
5865:
5864:
5863:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5854:
5853:
5851:
5846:
5844:
5843:
5842:
5838:
5836:
5835:
5834:
5832:
5825:
5823:
5822:
5821:
5817:
5815:
5814:
5813:
5811:
5804:
5802:
5801:
5800:
5796:
5794:
5793:
5792:
5790:
5781:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5706:
5701:
5695:
5660:
5654:
5620:
5615:
5609:
5600:
5594:
5582:
5581:
5574:
5570:
5566:
5562:
5556:
5551:
5549:
5542:
5526:
5523:
5522:
5521:
5517:
5515:
5514:
5513:
5511:
5504:
5501:
5500:
5499:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5490:
5489:
5487:
5480:
5477:
5476:
5475:
5471:
5469:
5468:
5467:
5465:
5458:
5456:
5455:
5454:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5445:
5444:
5442:
5435:
5433:
5432:
5431:
5427:
5425:
5424:
5423:
5421:
5409:
5406:
5405:
5404:
5400:
5398:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5384:
5381:
5380:
5379:
5375:
5373:
5372:
5371:
5369:
5362:
5359:
5358:
5357:
5353:
5351:
5350:
5349:
5347:
5340:
5338:
5337:
5336:
5332:
5330:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5319:
5317:
5316:
5315:
5311:
5309:
5308:
5307:
5305:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5288:
5284:
5282:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5271:
5268:
5267:
5266:
5262:
5260:
5259:
5258:
5256:
5246:
5243:
5242:
5241:
5237:
5235:
5234:
5233:
5231:
5224:
5222:
5221:
5220:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5211:
5210:
5208:
5201:
5199:
5198:
5197:
5193:
5191:
5190:
5189:
5187:
5175:
5172:
5171:
5170:
5166:
5164:
5163:
5162:
5160:
5153:
5150:
5149:
5148:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5139:
5138:
5136:
5129:
5126:
5125:
5124:
5120:
5118:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5104:
5102:
5101:
5100:
5096:
5094:
5093:
5092:
5090:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5079:
5075:
5073:
5072:
5071:
5069:
5057:
5055:
5054:
5053:
5049:
5047:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5036:
5034:
5033:
5032:
5028:
5026:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5015:
5013:
5012:
5011:
5007:
5005:
5004:
5003:
5001:
4994:
4992:
4991:
4990:
4986:
4984:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4963:
4961:
4960:
4959:
4955:
4953:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4942:
4940:
4939:
4938:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4919:
4917:
4916:
4915:
4911:
4909:
4908:
4907:
4905:
4898:
4896:
4895:
4894:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4834:
4796:
4795:
4787:
4785:
4784:
4783:
4779:
4777:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4769:
4767:
4763:
4755:
4751:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4732:
4726:
4721:
4719:
4715:
4706:
4696:
4694:
4693:
4692:
4688:
4686:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4664:
4660:
4658:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4645:
4643:
4642:
4641:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4632:
4631:
4630:
4626:
4624:
4623:
4622:
4618:
4616:
4615:
4614:
4613:
4608:
4598:
4596:
4595:
4594:
4590:
4588:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4571:
4568:
4567:
4566:
4562:
4560:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4547:
4545:
4544:
4543:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4534:
4533:
4532:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4524:
4520:
4518:
4517:
4516:
4515:
4510:
4501:
4491:
4488:
4487:
4486:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4467:
4465:
4464:
4463:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4454:
4453:
4452:
4448:
4446:
4445:
4444:
4440:
4438:
4437:
4436:
4435:
4428:
4426:
4418:
4416:
4415:
4414:
4410:
4408:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4403:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4394:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4379:
4377:
4369:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4354:
4349:
4347:
4346:
4345:
4341:
4339:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4326:
4324:
4323:
4322:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4307:
4305:
4304:
4303:
4299:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4289:
4287:
4286:
4285:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4276:
4275:
4274:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4266:
4262:
4260:
4259:
4258:
4257:
4252:
4250:
4249:
4248:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4238:
4237:
4233:
4231:
4230:
4229:
4225:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4220:
4219:
4212:
4210:
4202:
4200:
4199:
4198:
4194:
4192:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4187:
4182:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4167:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4158:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4144:
4142:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4126:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4119:
4114:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4090:
4086:
4084:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4058:
4057:
4056:
4052:
4050:
4049:
4048:
4044:
4042:
4041:
4040:
4039:
4038:
4008:
4007:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3967:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3957:
3956:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3944:
3942:
3941:
3940:
3939:
3917:
3910:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3857:
3850:
3848:
3842:
3836:
3828:
3823:
3702:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3675:
3660:
3604:
3598:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3547:
3543:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3508:
3504:
3483:
3482:
3478:
3469:
3465:
3449:
3428:
3427:
3423:
3414:
3410:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3375:
3371:
3350:
3349:
3345:
3336:
3332:
3316:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3284:
3283:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3251:
3247:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3198:
3194:
3181:
3175:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3138:
3134:
3121:
3115:
3114:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3085:
3081:
3068:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3027:
2985:
2981:
2950:
2941:
2937:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2909:
2889:
2856:
2850:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2821:
2820:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2796:
2795:
2784:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2731:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2688:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2664:
2655:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2628:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2417:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2299:
2290:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2275:
2274:
2271:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2203:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2084:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1995:
1989:
1980:
1976:
1953:
1949:
1943:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1910:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1869:
1865:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1802:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1783:
1779:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1758:
1754:
1752:
1746:
1741:
1730:
1722:
1716:
1712:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1655:
1654:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1633:
1629:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1575:
1574:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1553:
1551:
1545:
1536:
1532:
1513:
1487:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1448:
1444:
1432:
1428:
1404:
1389:
1386:conserve parity
1369:
1357:
1355:
1349:
1344:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1154:
1148:
1141:
1134:
1127:
1118:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1011:
1006:
1005:
1001:
996:
995:
992:
987:
985:
979:
978:
969:
966:
963:
962:
959:
957:
955:
950:
949:
941:
938:
935:
934:
932:
930:
925:
923:
916:
913:
910:
909:
907:
903:
894:
891:
888:
887:
885:
881:
879:
873:
870:
867:
866:
864:
849:
841:
838:
835:
834:
832:
820:
814:
812:Quantum numbers
798:Main articles:
796:
791:
687:Bibha Chowdhuri
604:electromagnetic
584:
570:
568:
567:
566:
562:
560:
559:
558:
557:
544:
542:
541:
540:
536:
534:
533:
532:
531:
491:electric charge
474:
472:
471:
470:
466:
464:
463:
462:
461:
456:
454:
453:
452:
448:
446:
445:
444:
443:
417:
414:
411:
410:
408:
368:baryonic matter
316:) is a type of
292:
271:
267:
205:
203:
202:
201:
197:
195:
194:
193:
191:
185:
179:
177:
176:
175:
171:
169:
168:
167:
165:
114:electromagnetic
53:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
15759:
15749:
15748:
15746:Force carriers
15743:
15738:
15733:
15716:
15715:
15711:Physics portal
15703:
15700:
15699:
15697:
15696:
15691:
15686:
15681:
15676:
15671:
15666:
15665:
15664:
15654:
15649:
15644:
15639:
15634:
15633:
15632:
15625:Standard Model
15622:
15621:
15620:
15609:
15607:
15603:
15602:
15600:
15599:
15594:
15592:Quasiparticles
15589:
15584:
15579:
15573:
15571:
15567:
15566:
15564:
15563:
15558:
15553:
15548:
15543:
15538:
15533:
15528:
15523:
15518:
15513:
15508:
15503:
15498:
15492:
15490:
15488:Quasiparticles
15484:
15483:
15480:
15479:
15476:
15475:
15473:
15472:
15467:
15462:
15457:
15451:
15449:
15445:
15444:
15441:
15440:
15438:
15437:
15432:
15427:
15421:
15419:
15415:
15414:
15412:
15411:
15406:
15401:
15395:
15393:
15382:
15376:
15375:
15373:
15372:
15367:
15362:
15361:
15360:
15355:
15350:
15345:
15340:
15335:
15325:
15320:
15314:
15312:
15308:
15307:
15304:
15303:
15301:
15300:
15295:
15284:
15282:
15280:Exotic hadrons
15276:
15275:
15273:
15272:
15267:
15262:
15257:
15252:
15247:
15242:
15237:
15232:
15227:
15222:
15217:
15211:
15209:
15203:
15202:
15200:
15199:
15194:
15189:
15184:
15179:
15174:
15173:
15172:
15167:
15162:
15157:
15146:
15144:
15135:
15126:
15120:
15119:
15116:
15115:
15112:
15111:
15109:
15108:
15106:X and Y bosons
15103:
15098:
15093:
15088:
15083:
15078:
15073:
15068:
15063:
15058:
15053:
15048:
15043:
15038:
15033:
15028:
15022:
15020:
15016:
15015:
15012:
15011:
15009:
15008:
14998:
14993:
14988:
14983:
14977:
14975:
14971:
14970:
14968:
14967:
14962:
14957:
14951:
14949:
14940:
14931:
14925:
14924:
14922:
14921:
14915:
14913:
14907:
14906:
14903:
14902:
14900:
14899:
14893:
14891:
14885:
14884:
14882:
14881:
14879:W and Z bosons
14876:
14871:
14865:
14863:
14854:
14848:
14847:
14844:
14843:
14841:
14840:
14839:
14838:
14833:
14828:
14823:
14818:
14813:
14803:
14798:
14793:
14788:
14783:
14778:
14772:
14770:
14764:
14763:
14761:
14760:
14755:
14750:
14745:
14740:
14735:
14733:Strange (quark
14730:
14725:
14720:
14715:
14710:
14705:
14699:
14697:
14688:
14679:
14673:
14672:
14665:
14664:
14657:
14650:
14642:
14636:
14635:
14622:
14609:
14596:
14575:
14546:hep-ph/0211411
14532:
14517:
14498:
14497:External links
14495:
14490:
14489:
14477:
14469:
14461:
14443:
14436:
14428:
14407:
14399:
14391:
14373:
14365:
14357:
14339:
14331:
14323:
14305:
14297:
14289:
14268:
14260:
14252:
14234:
14218:
14211:
14203:
14185:
14177:
14169:
14151:
14144:
14136:
14115:
14107:
14099:
14081:
14073:
14065:
14047:
14040:
14032:
14014:
14007:
13999:
13981:
13973:
13965:
13947:
13940:
13932:
13914:
13907:
13899:
13881:
13873:
13865:
13844:
13836:
13828:
13810:
13803:
13795:
13777:
13770:
13762:
13744:
13736:
13728:
13710:
13702:
13694:
13676:
13669:
13661:
13643:
13636:
13628:
13610:
13603:
13595:
13577:
13570:
13562:
13544:
13532:
13525:
13507:
13476:
13469:
13451:
13432:(3): 214–215.
13414:
13395:(2): 106–119.
13377:
13338:Heisenberg, W.
13329:
13322:
13296:
13289:
13263:
13245:
13227:
13220:
13194:
13173:1854/LU-685594
13122:
13096:
13071:
13044:(3): 533–545.
13022:
12985:
12952:
12945:
12919:
12888:
12862:
12848:
12821:(5): 252–255.
12803:
12760:
12713:
12706:
12687:
12685:
12682:
12679:
12678:
12648:
12647:
12645:
12642:
12641:
12640:
12638:Standard Model
12635:
12628:
12625:
12617:
12616:
12600:
12592:
12579:
12571:
12559:
12527:
12519:
12506:
12498:
12474:
12471:
12441:
12440:
12437:
12434:
12431:
12428:
12425:
12420:
12415:
12412:
12406:
12396:
12385:
12377:
12370:
12363:
12355:
12348:
12341:
12333:
12326:
12322:
12321:
12314:
12306:
12293:
12285:
12277:
12274:
12271:
12268:
12265:
12260:
12255:
12242:
12236:
12226:
12215:
12207:
12200:
12193:
12183:
12176:
12169:
12161:
12154:
12150:
12149:
12142:
12134:
12122:
12114:
12106:
12103:
12100:
12097:
12094:
12089:
12076:
12063:
12057:
12047:
12036:
12028:
12021:
12015:
12005:
11998:
11992:
11984:
11977:
11973:
11972:
11965:
11957:
11945:
11937:
11929:
11926:
11923:
11920:
11917:
11912:
11899:
11886:
11880:
11870:
11859:
11851:
11844:
11838:
11830:
11823:
11817:
11809:
11802:
11798:
11797:
11790:
11782:
11770:
11762:
11747:
11739:
11727:
11719:
11711:
11699:
11696:
11693:
11690:
11685:
11680:
11667:
11661:
11651:
11640:
11632:
11625:
11618:
11610:
11603:
11596:
11588:
11581:
11577:
11576:
11569:
11561:
11549:
11541:
11526:
11518:
11506:
11498:
11490:
11478:
11475:
11472:
11469:
11464:
11451:
11438:
11432:
11422:
11411:
11403:
11396:
11389:
11379:
11372:
11365:
11357:
11350:
11346:
11345:
11338:
11330:
11318:
11310:
11295:
11287:
11275:
11267:
11259:
11244:
11241:
11238:
11235:
11230:
11217:
11204:
11198:
11188:
11177:
11169:
11162:
11155:
11147:
11140:
11133:
11125:
11118:
11114:
11113:
11106:
11098:
11090:
11075:
11072:
11069:
11066:
11063:
11052:
11043:
11037:
11027:
11016:
11008:
11001:
10995:
10985:
10978:
10972:
10964:
10957:
10953:
10952:
10945:
10937:
10929:
10917:
10914:
10911:
10908:
10905:
10894:
10885:
10879:
10869:
10858:
10850:
10843:
10837:
10829:
10822:
10816:
10808:
10801:
10797:
10796:
10789:
10781:
10773:
10758:
10755:
10752:
10749:
10746:
10743:
10730:
10724:
10714:
10703:
10695:
10688:
10685:
10678:
10670:
10663:
10662:Upsilon meson
10659:
10658:
10651:
10643:
10635:
10620:
10617:
10614:
10611:
10608:
10605:
10592:
10586:
10576:
10565:
10557:
10550:
10547:
10541:
10533:
10526:
10522:
10521:
10513:
10505:
10493:
10485:
10473:
10465:
10453:
10445:
10433:
10425:
10408:
10400:
10387:
10379:
10364:
10356:
10344:
10336:
10328:
10313:
10310:
10307:
10304:
10301:
10298:
10285:
10279:
10269:
10258:
10250:
10243:
10240:
10233:
10225:
10218:
10214:
10213:
10206:
10198:
10186:
10178:
10163:
10155:
10143:
10135:
10123:
10115:
10107:
10092:
10089:
10086:
10083:
10080:
10077:
10068:
10052:
10044:
10041:
10035:
10032:
10026:
10023:
10017:
10002:
9999:
9992:
9984:
9977:
9973:
9972:
9965:
9957:
9945:
9937:
9929:
9917:
9914:
9911:
9908:
9905:
9902:
9891:
9875:
9867:
9864:
9858:
9855:
9849:
9846:
9840:
9825:
9822:
9815:
9807:
9800:
9796:
9795:
9788:
9780:
9768:
9760:
9752:
9740:
9737:
9734:
9731:
9728:
9725:
9714:
9708:
9698:
9687:
9679:
9672:
9665:
9657:
9650:
9643:
9635:
9628:
9624:
9623:
9618:
9608:
9603:
9598:
9593:
9588:
9583:
9567:
9562:
9557:
9552:
9543:
9540:
9501:
9493:
9482:
9474:
9464:
9456:
9445:
9437:
9426:
9418:
9363:
9362:
9354:
9346:
9338:
9323:
9320:
9317:
9314:
9309:
9304:
9295:
9289:
9279:
9268:
9260:
9253:
9246:
9238:
9231:
9224:
9216:
9209:
9205:
9204:
9196:
9188:
9180:
9162:
9159:
9156:
9153:
9148:
9143:
9130:
9124:
9114:
9103:
9095:
9088:
9081:
9071:
9064:
9057:
9049:
9042:
9038:
9037:
9030:
9022:
9014:
8999:
8996:
8993:
8990:
8985:
8972:
8959:
8953:
8943:
8932:
8924:
8917:
8911:
8901:
8894:
8888:
8880:
8873:
8869:
8868:
8861:
8853:
8845:
8830:
8827:
8824:
8821:
8816:
8803:
8790:
8784:
8774:
8763:
8755:
8748:
8742:
8734:
8727:
8721:
8713:
8706:
8702:
8701:
8693:
8685:
8677:
8662:
8659:
8656:
8653:
8650:
8647:
8634:
8628:
8618:
8607:
8599:
8592:
8585:
8577:
8570:
8563:
8555:
8548:
8544:
8543:
8536:
8528:
8520:
8505:
8502:
8499:
8496:
8493:
8482:
8469:
8463:
8453:
8442:
8434:
8427:
8421:
8411:
8404:
8398:
8390:
8383:
8379:
8378:
8371:
8363:
8355:
8340:
8337:
8334:
8331:
8328:
8317:
8304:
8298:
8288:
8277:
8269:
8262:
8256:
8248:
8241:
8235:
8227:
8220:
8216:
8215:
8208:
8200:
8188:
8180:
8168:
8160:
8145:
8137:
8125:
8117:
8105:
8097:
8081:
8073:
8061:
8053:
8041:
8033:
8017:
8009:
7997:
7989:
7977:
7969:
7961:
7946:
7943:
7940:
7935:
7932:
7921:
7910:
7894:
7886:
7883:
7877:
7874:
7868:
7865:
7859:
7845:
7842:
7835:
7827:
7820:
7816:
7815:
7808:
7800:
7788:
7780:
7765:
7757:
7745:
7737:
7729:
7714:
7711:
7708:
7703:
7700:
7689:
7678:
7662:
7654:
7651:
7645:
7642:
7636:
7633:
7627:
7613:
7610:
7603:
7595:
7588:
7584:
7583:
7581:
7579:
7576:
7573:
7570:
7567:
7556:
7545:
7539:
7529:
7518:
7510:
7503:
7497:
7487:
7480:
7474:
7466:
7459:
7455:
7454:
7446:
7438:
7426:
7418:
7402:
7394:
7382:
7374:
7362:
7354:
7339:
7331:
7319:
7311:
7294:
7286:
7274:
7266:
7258:
7243:
7240:
7237:
7234:
7231:
7220:
7209:
7203:
7193:
7182:
7174:
7167:
7161:
7153:
7146:
7140:
7132:
7125:
7121:
7120:
7112:
7104:
7096:
7093:
7090:
7087:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7065:
7059:
7049:
7038:
7030:
7023:
7020:
7012:
7004:
6997:
6993:
6992:
6984:
6976:
6968:
6953:
6950:
6947:
6944:
6941:
6938:
6925:
6919:
6909:
6898:
6890:
6883:
6880:
6872:
6864:
6857:
6853:
6852:
6845:
6837:
6825:
6817:
6805:
6797:
6782:
6774:
6762:
6754:
6742:
6734:
6722:
6714:
6702:
6694:
6678:
6670:
6658:
6650:
6638:
6630:
6622:
6607:
6604:
6601:
6598:
6595:
6592:
6581:
6565:
6557:
6554:
6548:
6545:
6539:
6536:
6530:
6527:
6521:
6518:
6512:
6498:
6495:
6488:
6480:
6473:
6469:
6468:
6461:
6453:
6441:
6433:
6421:
6413:
6398:
6390:
6378:
6370:
6358:
6350:
6335:
6327:
6315:
6307:
6299:
6284:
6281:
6278:
6275:
6272:
6269:
6258:
6241:
6233:
6230:
6224:
6221:
6218:
6212:
6209:
6203:
6200:
6194:
6191:
6185:
6170:
6167:
6161:
6153:
6146:
6142:
6141:
6134:
6126:
6114:
6106:
6098:
6083:
6080:
6077:
6074:
6071:
6068:
6057:
6041:
6033:
6030:
6024:
6021:
6015:
6012:
6006:
5992:
5989:
5983:
5975:
5968:
5964:
5963:
5955:
5947:
5935:
5927:
5919:
5904:
5901:
5898:
5895:
5892:
5889:
5872:
5866:
5856:
5845:
5837:
5830:
5824:
5816:
5809:
5803:
5795:
5788:
5784:
5783:
5778:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5711:Particle name
5705:
5702:
5699:List of mesons
5697:Main article:
5694:
5691:
5656:Main article:
5653:
5650:
5649:
5648:
5641:
5631:
5624:
5605:
5589:
5588:
5586:
5580:
5579:
5554:
5539:
5538:
5535:
5534:
5531:
5524:
5516:
5509:
5502:
5492:
5485:
5478:
5470:
5463:
5457:
5447:
5440:
5434:
5426:
5419:
5415:
5414:
5407:
5399:
5392:
5389:
5382:
5374:
5367:
5360:
5352:
5345:
5339:
5331:
5324:
5318:
5310:
5303:
5299:
5298:
5291:
5283:
5276:
5269:
5261:
5254:
5251:
5244:
5236:
5229:
5223:
5213:
5206:
5200:
5192:
5185:
5181:
5180:
5173:
5165:
5158:
5151:
5141:
5134:
5127:
5119:
5112:
5109:
5103:
5095:
5088:
5082:
5074:
5067:
5063:
5062:
5056:
5048:
5041:
5035:
5027:
5020:
5014:
5006:
4999:
4993:
4985:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4969:
4968:
4962:
4954:
4947:
4941:
4931:
4924:
4918:
4910:
4903:
4897:
4887:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4871:
4870:
4867:
4864:
4861:
4858:
4855:
4851:
4850:
4847:
4833:
4830:
4829:
4828:
4821:
4811:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4794:
4793:
4786:
4778:
4761:
4749:
4724:
4712:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4704:
4701:
4695:
4687:
4680:
4677:
4674:
4667:
4659:
4652:
4649:
4644:
4634:
4625:
4617:
4610:
4609:
4606:
4603:
4597:
4589:
4582:
4579:
4576:
4569:
4561:
4554:
4551:
4546:
4536:
4527:
4519:
4512:
4511:
4508:
4505:
4502:
4499:
4496:
4489:
4481:
4474:
4471:
4466:
4456:
4447:
4439:
4432:
4431:
4423:
4417:
4409:
4397:
4389:
4382:
4374:
4368:
4360:
4348:
4340:
4333:
4330:
4325:
4315:
4306:
4298:
4288:
4278:
4269:
4261:
4251:
4241:
4232:
4224:
4215:
4214:
4207:
4201:
4193:
4181:
4173:
4161:
4153:
4146:
4139:
4133:
4125:
4113:
4105:
4093:
4085:
4078:
4075:
4070:
4060:
4051:
4043:
4023:
4015:
4012:
4006:
4003:
3997:
3994:
3988:
3970:
3960:
3951:
3943:
3936:
3935:
3932:
3929:
3926:
3922:
3921:
3914:
3907:
3901:
3891:
3882:
3874:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3812:
3809:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3790:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3759:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3746:
3743:
3740:
3737:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3724:
3721:
3718:
3715:
3712:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3693:
3686:
3679:
3672:
3659:
3658:Types of meson
3656:
3602:List of mesons
3597:
3596:Classification
3594:
3593:
3592:
3581:
3578:
3575:
3568:
3559:
3555:
3546:
3542:
3539:
3536:
3529:
3520:
3516:
3507:
3503:
3500:
3497:
3490:
3481:
3477:
3468:
3464:
3461:
3456:
3453:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3435:
3426:
3422:
3413:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3396:
3387:
3383:
3374:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3357:
3348:
3344:
3335:
3331:
3328:
3323:
3320:
3315:
3312:
3298:
3297:
3282:
3279:
3272:
3263:
3259:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3226:
3219:
3210:
3206:
3197:
3193:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3159:
3150:
3146:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3113:
3106:
3097:
3093:
3084:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3035:represent the
3014:
3013:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2957:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2933:
2887:
2863:quantum number
2852:Main article:
2849:
2846:
2824:
2799:
2781:
2780:
2769:
2765:
2760:
2752:
2743:
2739:
2730:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2709:
2700:
2696:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2671:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2654:
2622:
2621:
2614:
2604:
2595:
2587:
2577:
2569:
2562:
2554:
2544:
2535:
2527:
2514:
2504:
2495:
2487:
2470:
2462:
2455:
2448:
2438:
2429:
2421:
2411:
2403:
2377:−
2298:
2295:
2293:respectively.
2288:
2278:
2269:
2259:
2251:
2241:
2233:
2223:
2215:
2201:
2191:
2182:
2172:
2164:
2154:
2146:
2136:
2128:
2083:
2080:
2058:quark and one
2015:quark and one
1991:Main article:
1988:
1985:
1973:
1972:
1961:
1956:
1952:
1946:
1939:
1936:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1913:
1906:
1903:
1894:
1890:
1885:
1862:
1861:
1850:
1845:
1841:
1835:
1828:
1825:
1817:
1813:
1810:
1805:
1798:
1795:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1748:Main article:
1745:
1739:
1709:
1708:
1697:
1694:
1688:
1685:
1678:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1653:
1649:
1626:
1625:
1614:
1611:
1605:
1602:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1582:
1579:
1573:
1569:
1547:Main article:
1544:
1541:
1526:Dirac equation
1510:
1509:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1466:
1351:Main article:
1348:
1342:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1145:
1138:
1131:
1037:
1009:
999:
990:
958:−
953:
928:
800:Spin (physics)
795:
792:
790:
787:
732:Robert Marshak
651:decay products
583:
580:
569:
561:
543:
535:
473:
465:
455:
447:
254:
253:
241:
235:
234:
218:
212:
211:
204:
196:
178:
170:
158:
152:
151:
144:
140:
139:
136:
132:
131:
125:
121:
120:
103:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
81:
75:
74:
61:
55:
54:
48:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
15758:
15747:
15744:
15742:
15739:
15737:
15734:
15732:
15729:
15728:
15726:
15713:
15712:
15707:
15701:
15695:
15692:
15690:
15687:
15685:
15682:
15680:
15677:
15675:
15672:
15670:
15669:Exotic matter
15667:
15663:
15660:
15659:
15658:
15657:Eightfold way
15655:
15653:
15650:
15648:
15647:Antiparticles
15645:
15643:
15640:
15638:
15635:
15631:
15628:
15627:
15626:
15623:
15619:
15616:
15615:
15614:
15611:
15610:
15608:
15604:
15598:
15595:
15593:
15590:
15588:
15585:
15583:
15580:
15578:
15575:
15574:
15572:
15568:
15562:
15559:
15557:
15554:
15552:
15549:
15547:
15544:
15542:
15539:
15537:
15534:
15532:
15529:
15527:
15524:
15522:
15519:
15517:
15514:
15512:
15509:
15507:
15504:
15502:
15499:
15497:
15494:
15493:
15491:
15489:
15485:
15471:
15468:
15466:
15463:
15461:
15458:
15456:
15453:
15452:
15450:
15446:
15436:
15433:
15431:
15428:
15426:
15423:
15422:
15420:
15416:
15410:
15407:
15405:
15402:
15400:
15397:
15396:
15394:
15390:
15386:
15383:
15381:
15377:
15371:
15368:
15366:
15363:
15359:
15356:
15354:
15351:
15349:
15346:
15344:
15341:
15339:
15336:
15334:
15331:
15330:
15329:
15326:
15324:
15321:
15319:
15318:Atomic nuclei
15316:
15315:
15313:
15309:
15299:
15296:
15293:
15289:
15286:
15285:
15283:
15281:
15277:
15271:
15268:
15266:
15263:
15261:
15258:
15256:
15253:
15251:
15250:Upsilon meson
15248:
15246:
15243:
15241:
15238:
15236:
15233:
15231:
15228:
15226:
15223:
15221:
15218:
15216:
15213:
15212:
15210:
15208:
15204:
15198:
15195:
15193:
15190:
15188:
15185:
15183:
15182:Lambda baryon
15180:
15178:
15175:
15171:
15168:
15166:
15163:
15161:
15158:
15156:
15153:
15152:
15151:
15148:
15147:
15145:
15143:
15139:
15136:
15134:
15130:
15127:
15125:
15121:
15107:
15104:
15102:
15099:
15097:
15094:
15092:
15089:
15087:
15084:
15082:
15079:
15077:
15074:
15072:
15069:
15067:
15064:
15062:
15059:
15057:
15054:
15052:
15049:
15047:
15044:
15042:
15041:Dual graviton
15039:
15037:
15034:
15032:
15029:
15027:
15024:
15023:
15021:
15017:
15006:
15002:
14999:
14997:
14994:
14992:
14989:
14987:
14984:
14982:
14979:
14978:
14976:
14972:
14966:
14963:
14961:
14958:
14956:
14953:
14952:
14950:
14948:
14944:
14941:
14939:
14938:Superpartners
14935:
14932:
14930:
14926:
14920:
14917:
14916:
14914:
14912:
14908:
14898:
14895:
14894:
14892:
14890:
14886:
14880:
14877:
14875:
14872:
14870:
14867:
14866:
14864:
14862:
14858:
14855:
14853:
14849:
14837:
14834:
14832:
14829:
14827:
14824:
14822:
14821:Muon neutrino
14819:
14817:
14814:
14812:
14809:
14808:
14807:
14804:
14802:
14799:
14797:
14794:
14792:
14789:
14787:
14784:
14782:
14779:
14777:
14774:
14773:
14771:
14769:
14765:
14759:
14756:
14754:
14753:Bottom (quark
14751:
14749:
14746:
14744:
14741:
14739:
14736:
14734:
14731:
14729:
14726:
14724:
14721:
14719:
14716:
14714:
14711:
14709:
14706:
14704:
14701:
14700:
14698:
14696:
14692:
14689:
14687:
14683:
14680:
14678:
14674:
14670:
14663:
14658:
14656:
14651:
14649:
14644:
14643:
14640:
14632:
14628:
14623:
14619:
14615:
14610:
14605:
14601:
14597:
14593:
14589:
14588:
14580:
14576:
14572:
14568:
14564:
14560:
14556:
14552:
14547:
14542:
14538:
14533:
14528:
14527:
14522:
14518:
14514:
14510:
14506:
14501:
14500:
14494:
14484:
14482:
14475:
14453:
14447:
14441:
14420:
14414:
14412:
14405:
14383:
14377:
14371:
14349:
14343:
14337:
14315:
14309:
14303:
14281:
14275:
14273:
14266:
14244:
14238:
14232:
14228:
14222:
14216:
14195:
14189:
14183:
14161:
14155:
14149:
14128:
14122:
14120:
14113:
14091:
14085:
14079:
14057:
14051:
14045:
14024:
14018:
14012:
13991:
13985:
13979:
13957:
13951:
13945:
13924:
13918:
13912:
13891:
13885:
13879:
13857:
13851:
13849:
13842:
13820:
13814:
13808:
13787:
13781:
13775:
13754:
13748:
13742:
13720:
13714:
13708:
13686:
13680:
13674:
13665:η′
13653:
13647:
13641:
13620:
13614:
13608:
13587:
13581:
13575:
13554:
13548:
13542:
13536:
13528:
13526:0-582-45088-8
13522:
13518:
13511:
13503:
13496:
13492:
13485:
13483:
13481:
13472:
13470:0-471-23973-9
13466:
13462:
13455:
13447:
13443:
13439:
13435:
13431:
13427:
13426:
13418:
13410:
13406:
13402:
13398:
13394:
13390:
13389:
13381:
13373:
13369:
13365:
13361:
13357:
13353:
13350:(1–2): 1–11.
13349:
13346:(in German).
13345:
13344:
13339:
13333:
13325:
13323:0-19-503393-0
13319:
13315:
13310:
13309:
13300:
13292:
13286:
13282:
13277:
13276:
13267:
13256:
13249:
13238:
13231:
13223:
13217:
13213:
13208:
13207:
13198:
13190:
13186:
13182:
13178:
13174:
13170:
13166:
13162:
13158:
13154:
13151:(1): 1–1340.
13150:
13146:
13145:
13137:
13133:
13126:
13118:
13111:
13110:"Quark Model"
13107:
13100:
13085:
13081:
13075:
13067:
13063:
13059:
13055:
13051:
13047:
13043:
13039:
13038:
13033:
13026:
13018:
13014:
13010:
13006:
13002:
12998:
12997:
12989:
12973:
12969:
12962:
12956:
12948:
12942:
12938:
12933:
12932:
12923:
12915:
12911:
12907:
12903:
12899:
12892:
12884:
12880:
12873:
12866:
12858:
12852:
12844:
12840:
12836:
12832:
12828:
12824:
12820:
12816:
12815:
12807:
12798:
12793:
12789:
12785:
12781:
12777:
12776:
12771:
12764:
12755:
12750:
12746:
12742:
12738:
12734:
12733:
12728:
12726:
12717:
12709:
12703:
12699:
12692:
12688:
12667:
12666:natural units
12653:
12649:
12639:
12636:
12634:
12631:
12630:
12624:
12622:
12614:
12610:
12605:
12584:
12564:
12560:
12557:
12553:
12549:
12545:
12541:
12537:
12532:
12511:
12491:
12487:
12486:
12485:
12483:
12480:
12470:
12467:
12452:
12447:
12438:
12435:
12432:
12429:
12426:
12421:
12416:
12413:
12410:
12389:
12371:
12368:
12349:
12346:
12327:
12324:
12323:
12318:
12298:
12278:
12275:
12272:
12269:
12266:
12261:
12256:
12243:
12240:
12219:
12201:
12198:
12177:
12174:
12155:
12152:
12151:
12146:
12126:
12107:
12104:
12101:
12098:
12095:
12090:
12077:
12064:
12061:
12040:
12022:
12019:
11999:
11996:
11978:
11975:
11974:
11969:
11949:
11930:
11927:
11924:
11921:
11918:
11913:
11900:
11887:
11884:
11863:
11845:
11842:
11824:
11821:
11803:
11800:
11799:
11794:
11774:
11751:
11731:
11712:
11700:
11697:
11694:
11691:
11686:
11681:
11668:
11665:
11644:
11626:
11623:
11604:
11601:
11582:
11579:
11578:
11573:
11553:
11530:
11510:
11491:
11479:
11476:
11473:
11470:
11465:
11452:
11439:
11436:
11415:
11397:
11393:
11373:
11369:
11351:
11348:
11347:
11342:
11322:
11299:
11279:
11260:
11245:
11242:
11239:
11236:
11231:
11218:
11205:
11202:
11181:
11163:
11159:
11141:
11137:
11119:
11116:
11115:
11112:
11091:
11076:
11073:
11070:
11067:
11064:
11053:
11044:
11041:
11020:
11002:
10999:
10979:
10976:
10958:
10955:
10954:
10951:
10930:
10918:
10915:
10912:
10909:
10906:
10895:
10886:
10883:
10862:
10844:
10841:
10823:
10820:
10802:
10799:
10798:
10795:
10774:
10759:
10756:
10753:
10750:
10747:
10744:
10731:
10728:
10707:
10689:
10682:
10664:
10661:
10660:
10657:
10636:
10621:
10618:
10615:
10612:
10609:
10606:
10593:
10590:
10569:
10551:
10545:
10527:
10524:
10523:
10517:
10497:
10477:
10457:
10437:
10413:
10392:
10368:
10348:
10329:
10314:
10311:
10308:
10305:
10302:
10299:
10286:
10283:
10262:
10244:
10237:
10219:
10216:
10215:
10210:
10190:
10167:
10147:
10127:
10108:
10093:
10090:
10087:
10084:
10081:
10078:
10069:
10050:
10030:
10003:
9996:
9978:
9975:
9974:
9969:
9949:
9930:
9918:
9915:
9912:
9909:
9906:
9903:
9892:
9873:
9853:
9826:
9819:
9801:
9798:
9797:
9792:
9772:
9753:
9741:
9738:
9735:
9732:
9729:
9726:
9715:
9712:
9691:
9673:
9669:
9651:
9647:
9629:
9626:
9625:
9619:
9616:
9612:
9611:Mean lifetime
9609:
9607:
9602:
9597:
9592:
9587:
9581:
9580:
9575:
9571:
9568:
9563:
9559:Antiparticle
9558:
9553:
9548:
9547:
9542:Vector mesons
9539:
9537:
9533:
9529:
9526:
9522:
9516:
9411:
9406:
9402:
9399:
9395:
9380:
9375:
9369:
9361:
9339:
9324:
9321:
9318:
9315:
9310:
9305:
9296:
9293:
9272:
9254:
9251:
9232:
9229:
9210:
9207:
9206:
9203:
9181:
9163:
9160:
9157:
9154:
9149:
9144:
9131:
9128:
9107:
9089:
9086:
9065:
9062:
9043:
9040:
9039:
9036:
9015:
9000:
8997:
8994:
8991:
8986:
8973:
8960:
8957:
8936:
8918:
8915:
8895:
8892:
8874:
8871:
8870:
8867:
8846:
8831:
8828:
8825:
8822:
8817:
8804:
8791:
8788:
8767:
8749:
8746:
8728:
8725:
8707:
8704:
8703:
8700:
8678:
8663:
8660:
8657:
8654:
8651:
8648:
8635:
8632:
8611:
8593:
8590:
8571:
8568:
8549:
8546:
8545:
8542:
8521:
8506:
8503:
8500:
8497:
8494:
8483:
8470:
8467:
8446:
8428:
8425:
8405:
8402:
8384:
8381:
8380:
8377:
8356:
8341:
8338:
8335:
8332:
8329:
8318:
8305:
8302:
8281:
8263:
8260:
8242:
8239:
8221:
8218:
8217:
8212:
8192:
8172:
8149:
8129:
8109:
8086:
8065:
8045:
8022:
8001:
7981:
7962:
7947:
7944:
7941:
7939:
7936:
7933:
7922:
7911:
7892:
7872:
7846:
7840:
7821:
7818:
7817:
7812:
7792:
7769:
7749:
7730:
7715:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7701:
7690:
7679:
7660:
7640:
7614:
7608:
7589:
7586:
7585:
7582:
7580:
7577:
7574:
7571:
7568:
7557:
7546:
7543:
7522:
7504:
7501:
7481:
7478:
7460:
7457:
7456:
7453:
7450:
7430:
7407:
7386:
7366:
7343:
7323:
7299:
7278:
7259:
7244:
7241:
7238:
7235:
7232:
7221:
7210:
7207:
7186:
7168:
7165:
7147:
7144:
7126:
7123:
7122:
7119:
7097:
7094:
7091:
7088:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7066:
7063:
7042:
7024:
7017:
6998:
6995:
6994:
6991:
6969:
6954:
6951:
6948:
6945:
6942:
6939:
6926:
6923:
6902:
6884:
6877:
6858:
6855:
6854:
6849:
6829:
6809:
6786:
6766:
6746:
6726:
6706:
6682:
6662:
6642:
6623:
6608:
6605:
6602:
6599:
6596:
6593:
6582:
6563:
6543:
6525:
6499:
6492:
6484:η′
6474:
6471:
6470:
6465:
6445:
6425:
6402:
6382:
6362:
6339:
6319:
6300:
6285:
6282:
6279:
6276:
6273:
6270:
6259:
6239:
6219:
6216:
6198:
6171:
6165:
6147:
6144:
6143:
6138:
6118:
6099:
6084:
6081:
6078:
6075:
6072:
6069:
6058:
6039:
6019:
5993:
5987:
5969:
5966:
5965:
5960:
5939:
5920:
5905:
5902:
5899:
5896:
5893:
5890:
5873:
5870:
5849:
5831:
5828:
5810:
5807:
5789:
5786:
5785:
5779:
5776:
5772:
5771:Mean lifetime
5769:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5741:
5740:
5735:
5731:
5728:
5723:
5719:Antiparticle
5718:
5713:
5710:
5709:
5700:
5690:
5688:
5684:
5680:
5676:
5671:
5669:
5668:exotic mesons
5665:
5659:
5652:Exotic mesons
5646:
5642:
5639:
5638:
5632:
5629:
5625:
5618:
5612:
5606:
5603:
5597:
5591:
5590:
5587:
5584:
5583:
5560:
5547:
5545:
5540:
5529:
5510:
5507:
5486:
5483:
5464:
5461:
5441:
5438:
5420:
5417:
5416:
5412:
5393:
5387:
5368:
5365:
5346:
5343:
5325:
5322:
5304:
5301:
5300:
5296:
5277:
5274:
5255:
5249:
5230:
5227:
5207:
5204:
5186:
5183:
5182:
5178:
5159:
5156:
5135:
5132:
5113:
5107:
5089:
5086:
5068:
5065:
5064:
5060:
5042:
5039:
5021:
5018:
5000:
4997:
4979:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4966:
4948:
4945:
4925:
4922:
4904:
4901:
4881:
4879:
4873:
4872:
4868:
4865:
4862:
4859:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4844:
4838:
4826:
4822:
4819:
4818:
4812:
4809:
4805:
4804:
4801:
4798:
4797:
4790:
4765:
4758:
4753:
4730:
4717:
4713:
4702:
4699:
4681:
4675:
4672:
4653:
4650:
4612:
4611:
4604:
4601:
4583:
4577:
4574:
4555:
4552:
4514:
4513:
4506:
4503:
4497:
4494:
4475:
4472:
4434:
4433:
4424:
4421:
4401:
4383:
4375:
4372:
4364:η′
4352:
4334:
4331:
4217:
4216:
4208:
4205:
4185:
4165:
4147:
4140:
4137:
4117:
4097:
4079:
4076:
4021:
4001:
3938:
3937:
3934:0, 1, 2, ...
3933:
3931:1, 2, 3, ...
3930:
3928:1, 3, 5, ...
3927:
3925:0, 2, 4, ...
3924:
3923:
3920:
3913:
3868:
3862:
3860:
3854:
3845:
3839:
3833:
3813:
3810:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3766:
3763:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3747:
3744:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3701:
3699:
3694:
3692:
3687:
3685:
3680:
3678:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3663:
3655:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3603:
3579:
3557:
3553:
3544:
3537:
3518:
3514:
3505:
3498:
3479:
3475:
3466:
3454:
3451:
3446:
3424:
3420:
3411:
3404:
3385:
3381:
3372:
3365:
3346:
3342:
3333:
3321:
3318:
3313:
3310:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3280:
3261:
3257:
3248:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3231:
3208:
3204:
3195:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3172:
3148:
3144:
3135:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3118:
3095:
3091:
3082:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3065:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3023:
3019:
3000:
2994:
2991:
2982:
2978:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2955:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2931:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2892:baryon number
2886:
2882:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2855:
2845:
2792:
2788:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2741:
2737:
2728:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2698:
2694:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2669:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2652:
2644:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2635:
2632:
2629:140 MeV/
2563:
2479:
2456:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2338:
2308:
2305:proposed the
2304:
2294:
2209:
2115:
2114:charged state
2111:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2100:Eugene Wigner
2097:
2093:
2089:
2070:antiquark in
2044:
2037:
2027:antiquark in
2001:
1997:
1994:
1984:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1934:
1922:
1919:
1911:
1901:
1892:
1888:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1843:
1839:
1833:
1823:
1811:
1803:
1793:
1784:
1780:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1751:
1738:
1736:
1728:
1720:
1692:
1683:
1672:
1669:
1657:
1651:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1609:
1600:
1589:
1577:
1571:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1550:
1540:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1464:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1442:
1438:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1416:quantum field
1413:
1408:
1407:-violation).
1402:
1398:
1395:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1367:
1363:
1354:
1341:
1339:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1159:
1153:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1139:
1137:
1132:
1130:
1125:
1124:
1121:= 0, 1, 2, 3
1114:
1070:
1067:, called the
1066:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1054:scalar mesons
1051:
1047:
1046:
1023:
1019:
1018:
862:
858:
854:
852:
830:
826:
818:
813:
809:
805:
801:
786:
784:
780:
779:"the Z meson"
776:
772:
767:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
744:atomic nuclei
741:
740:nuclear force
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
712:Hugh Muirhead
709:
705:
704:
699:
695:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
671:
669:
665:
661:
656:
652:
648:
644:
639:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
596:atomic nuclei
593:
592:nuclear force
589:
588:Hideki Yukawa
579:
577:
555:
554:upsilon meson
551:
529:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
479:
441:
437:
432:
430:
426:
405:
403:
402:exotic mesons
399:
395:
390:
388:
383:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
319:
313:
265:
261:
252:
248:
247:
242:
240:
236:
233:
229:
225:
224:
219:
217:
213:
208:
189:
182:
163:
159:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
128:Hideki Yukawa
126:
122:
119:
115:
111:
107:
104:
102:
98:
95:
92:
88:
85:
82:
80:
76:
73:
69:
65:
62:
60:
56:
52:
46:
41:
33:
19:
15709:
15380:Hypothetical
15328:Exotic atoms
15206:
15197:Omega baryon
15187:Sigma baryon
15177:Delta baryon
14929:Hypothetical
14911:Ghost fields
14897:Higgs boson
14831:Tau neutrino
14723:Charm (quark
14603:
14585:
14536:
14524:
14509:Hyperphysics
14508:
14492:
14451:
14446:
14418:
14381:
14376:
14347:
14342:
14313:
14308:
14279:
14242:
14237:
14226:
14221:
14193:
14188:
14159:
14154:
14126:
14089:
14084:
14055:
14050:
14022:
14017:
13989:
13984:
13955:
13950:
13922:
13917:
13889:
13884:
13855:
13818:
13813:
13785:
13780:
13752:
13747:
13718:
13713:
13684:
13679:
13651:
13646:
13618:
13613:
13585:
13580:
13552:
13547:
13535:
13516:
13510:
13460:
13454:
13429:
13423:
13417:
13392:
13386:
13380:
13347:
13341:
13332:
13307:
13299:
13274:
13266:
13248:
13230:
13205:
13197:
13148:
13142:
13125:
13099:
13087:. Retrieved
13084:pdfslide.net
13083:
13074:
13041:
13035:
13025:
13000:
12994:
12988:
12976:. Retrieved
12971:
12967:
12955:
12930:
12922:
12905:
12901:
12891:
12882:
12878:
12865:
12851:
12818:
12812:
12806:
12779:
12773:
12763:
12736:
12730:
12724:
12716:
12697:
12691:
12652:
12618:
12609:CP violation
12543:
12476:
12466:
12446:
12444:
9976:Omega meson
9578:
9532:CP–violating
9521:
9514:
9513:10 MeV/
9410:
9394:
9374:
9368:
9366:
7304:
5738:
5672:
5661:
5658:Exotic meson
5645:ground state
5636:
5558:
4835:
4825:ground state
4816:
4764:
4752:
4728:
4716:
3829:
3821:Nomenclature
3798:Tensor meson
3776:Scalar meson
3754:Vector meson
3661:
3643:
3635:
3627:
3619:
3611:
3605:
3299:
3032:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3015:
2914:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2884:
2880:
2878:
2869:
2865:
2857:
2793:
2789:
2782:
2636:
2630:
2623:
2339:
2300:
2208:rho particle
2107:
2104:
2095:
2085:
1996:
1974:
1863:
1763:
1753:
1721:
1710:
1627:
1552:
1530:
1522:wavefunction
1511:
1453:
1440:
1436:
1424:
1420:
1412:wavefunction
1409:
1397:
1356:
1279:
1062:
1045:scalar meson
1043:
1017:vector meson
1015:
855:
815:
774:
770:
768:
716:César Lattes
708:Cecil Powell
701:
675:World War II
672:
640:
611:
585:
576:bottom quark
480:
436:antiparticle
433:
406:
391:
384:
361:
263:
257:
250:
245:
231:
227:
222:
187:
161:
101:Interactions
15662:Quark model
15430:Theta meson
15333:Positronium
15245:Omega meson
15240:J/psi meson
15170:Antineutron
15081:Dark photon
15046:Graviphoton
15005:Stop squark
14713:Down (quark
14633:(Fermilab).
14620:(Fermilab).
13500:. Reviews.
13115:. Reviews.
13003:: 694–698.
12540:strangeness
12536:eigenstates
9360:decay modes
9202:decay modes
9035:decay modes
8866:decay modes
8699:decay modes
8541:decay modes
8376:decay modes
7118:decay modes
6990:decay modes
5585:In addition
4799:In addition
3037:strangeness
2860:strangeness
2639:quark model
2307:quark model
606:repulsion.
594:that holds
550:charm quark
528:J/Psi meson
380:antiprotons
364:cosmic rays
59:Composition
15725:Categories
15404:Heptaquark
15365:Superatoms
15298:Pentaquark
15288:Tetraquark
15270:Quarkonium
15160:Antiproton
15061:Leptoquark
14996:Neutralino
14758:antiquark)
14748:antiquark)
14743:Top (quark
14738:antiquark)
14728:antiquark)
14718:antiquark)
14708:antiquark)
14677:Elementary
14454:. (2008):
14450:C. Amsler
14421:. (2008):
14417:C. Amsler
14384:. (2008):
14380:C. Amsler
14350:. (2008):
14346:C. Amsler
14316:. (2008):
14312:C. Amsler
14282:. (2008):
14278:C. Amsler
14245:. (2008):
14241:C. Amsler
14229:. (2008):
14225:C. Amsler
14196:. (2008):
14192:C. Amsler
14162:. (2008):
14158:C. Amsler
14129:. (2008):
14125:C. Amsler
14092:. (2008):
14088:C. Amsler
14058:. (2008):
14054:C. Amsler
14025:. (2008):
14021:C. Amsler
13992:. (2008):
13988:C. Amsler
13958:. (2008):
13954:C. Amsler
13925:. (2008):
13921:C. Amsler
13892:. (2008):
13888:C. Amsler
13858:. (2008):
13854:C. Amsler
13821:. (2008):
13817:C. Amsler
13788:. (2008):
13784:C. Amsler
13755:. (2008):
13751:C. Amsler
13721:. (2008):
13717:C. Amsler
13687:. (2008):
13683:C. Amsler
13654:. (2008):
13650:C. Amsler
13621:. (2008):
13617:C. Amsler
13588:. (2008):
13584:C. Amsler
13555:. (2008):
13551:C. Amsler
13493:) (2008).
13134:) (2008).
13108:) (2008).
12978:5 February
12684:References
12548:weak force
10217:Phi meson
9534:term (see
9528:eigenstate
9405:kaon notes
9401:eigenstate
6145:Eta meson
5687:tetraquark
4849:Antiquark
3834:are zero:
3600:See also:
3045:bottomness
2783:where the
2637:After the
2340:The exact
1512:where the
1380:, and the
760:rho mesons
698:Darjeeling
679:"pi meson"
660:"mu meson"
655:"mu meson"
523:cosmic ray
372:cyclotrons
337:femtometre
329:antiquarks
230:, +1
135:Discovered
79:Statistics
72:antiquarks
15642:Particles
15587:Particles
15546:Polariton
15536:Plasmaron
15506:Dropleton
15399:Hexaquark
15370:Molecules
15358:Protonium
15235:Phi meson
15220:Rho meson
15192:Xi baryon
15124:Composite
14960:Gravitino
14703:Up (quark
13372:186218053
13189:227119789
13017:122718292
12644:Footnotes
12267:−1
10043:¯
10025:¯
9866:¯
9854:−
9848:¯
9570:Rest mass
9554:Particle
9549:Particle
9155:−1
7885:¯
7873:−
7867:¯
7653:¯
7635:¯
6556:¯
6538:¯
6520:¯
6232:¯
6217:−
6211:¯
6193:¯
6032:¯
6020:−
6014:¯
5730:Rest mass
5714:Particle
5626:When the
4806:When the
4014:¯
4002:−
3996:¯
3567:¯
3554:−
3528:¯
3515:−
3489:¯
3476:−
3447:−
3434:¯
3421:−
3395:¯
3382:−
3356:¯
3343:−
3271:¯
3258:−
3218:¯
3205:−
3189:−
3177:′
3158:¯
3145:−
3105:¯
3092:−
3076:−
2987:′
2917:) by the
2870:symmetric
2827:= −
2751:¯
2738:−
2720:−
2708:¯
2695:−
2102:in 1937.
1960:⟩
1938:¯
1923:−
1917:⟩
1905:¯
1849:⟩
1827:¯
1809:⟩
1797:¯
1727:CP-parity
1696:⟩
1687:¯
1673:−
1667:⟩
1661:¯
1613:⟩
1604:¯
1587:⟩
1581:¯
1477:−
1042:called a
746:(between
694:half-tone
374:or other
353:neutrinos
349:electrons
249:, 1
226:, 0
124:Theorized
64:composite
15618:timeline
15470:R-hadron
15425:Glueball
15409:Skyrmion
15343:Tauonium
15056:Inflaton
15051:Graviton
15031:Curvaton
15001:Sfermion
14991:Higgsino
14986:Chargino
14947:Gauginos
14806:Neutrino
14791:Antimuon
14781:Positron
14776:Electron
14686:Fermions
13181:10020536
13066:17747881
12627:See also
12621:flavored
12556:lifetime
12534:are not
12439:Unknown
12436:Unknown
12414:Unknown
12276:Unknown
12105:Unknown
11976:B meson
11928:Unknown
11801:B meson
11349:D meson
11117:D meson
10647:J/ψ
10537:J/ψ
9566:content
9538:below).
8872:B meson
8705:B meson
8382:D meson
8219:D meson
7587:K-Short
7095:Unknown
6061:134.9766
5726:content
4782:J/ψ
4757:C-parity
3906:content
3640:C-parity
3632:G-parity
2371:whereas
2354:+
1750:G-parity
1549:C-parity
1543:C-parity
1443:parity (
1437:positive
1427:parity (
1421:negative
1362:"parity"
861:fermions
789:Overview
752:neutrons
689:exposed
664:electron
539:J/ψ
511:G-parity
507:C-parity
429:fermions
387:Big Bang
318:hadronic
220:−1
15741:Hadrons
15606:Related
15577:Baryons
15551:Polaron
15541:Plasmon
15516:Fracton
15511:Exciton
15465:Diquark
15460:Pomeron
15435:T meson
15392:Baryons
15353:Pionium
15338:Muonium
15265:D meson
15260:B meson
15165:Neutron
15150:Nucleon
15142:Baryons
15133:Hadrons
15096:Tachyon
15071:Majoron
15036:Dilaton
14965:Photino
14801:Antitau
14768:Leptons
14594:. 2004.
14571:6295609
14551:Bibcode
13434:Bibcode
13397:Bibcode
13352:Bibcode
13153:Bibcode
13046:Bibcode
12843:1155396
12823:Bibcode
12784:Bibcode
12741:Bibcode
12611:. See
12488:Due to
12479:neutral
12458:⁄
12083:⁄
11906:⁄
11458:⁄
11395:(2007)
11371:(2007)
11224:⁄
11161:(2010)
11139:(2010)
11058:⁄
10900:⁄
10239:(1020)
9561:symbol
9556:symbol
9518:exists.
9386:⁄
8979:⁄
8810:⁄
8488:⁄
8323:⁄
7927:⁄
7914:497.614
7819:K-Long
7695:⁄
7682:497.614
7562:⁄
7549:497.614
7251:0.0021)
7247:(1.2380
7226:⁄
7213:493.677
6262:547.853
5912:0.0005)
5908:(2.6033
5876:139.570
5721:symbol
5716:symbol
5675:Z(4430)
5664:hadrons
5184:strange
4869:bottom
4863:strange
4218:Mix of
3608:isospin
3049:topness
2890:), the
2841:
2829:
2816:
2804:
2392:
2369:
2096:isospin
1993:Isospin
1868:even" (
1744:-parity
1632:even" (
1520:of the
1374:Gravity
1347:-parity
973:
945:
933:
920:
908:
898:
886:
877:
865:
845:
833:
823:) is a
748:protons
728:England
600:protons
582:History
421:
409:
398:baryons
357:photons
345:neutron
243:0
118:gravity
84:bosonic
15736:Bosons
15731:Mesons
15582:Mesons
15531:Phonon
15526:Magnon
15448:Others
15418:Mesons
15311:Others
15207:Mesons
15155:Proton
15019:Others
14974:Others
14955:Gluino
14889:Scalar
14869:Photon
14852:Bosons
14695:Quarks
14569:
14370:(2007)
14336:(2010)
14173:ω
14140:ρ
13732:η
13698:η
13632:η
13599:π
13566:π
13523:
13467:
13370:
13320:
13316:–311.
13287:
13283:–275.
13218:
13214:–120.
13187:
13179:
13089:24 May
13064:
13015:
12996:Nature
12943:
12841:
12704:
12492:, the
12460:Γ
12310:γ
12138:γ
11961:γ
11786:π
11743:γ
11565:γ
11522:π
11334:π
11291:π
11083:0.002)
11079:(7.346
11046:896.00
10888:891.66
10525:J/Psi
10509:π
10489:π
10469:π
10449:π
10429:ρ
10202:γ
10182:π
10159:π
10139:π
10119:π
10071:782.65
9998:(782)
9988:ω
9961:π
9941:π
9895:775.49
9821:(770)
9811:ρ
9784:π
9764:π
9671:(770)
9661:ρ
9649:(770)
9639:ρ
9407:below)
9398:Strong
9388:Γ
9171:−0.027
9169:+0.026
9007:0.009)
9003:(1.530
8838:0.011)
8834:(1.638
8513:0.015)
8509:(4.101
8348:0.007)
8344:(1.040
8204:π
8184:π
8164:π
8141:π
8121:π
8101:π
8082:μ
8077:ν
8057:μ
8037:π
8013:ν
7973:π
7954:0.020)
7950:(5.116
7804:π
7784:π
7761:π
7741:π
7722:0.005)
7718:(8.953
7442:π
7422:π
7398:ν
7358:π
7335:π
7315:π
7295:μ
7290:ν
7270:μ
7108:η
7008:η
6980:η
6868:η
6841:η
6821:π
6801:π
6778:γ
6758:π
6738:π
6718:γ
6698:ρ
6674:η
6654:π
6634:π
6585:957.66
6494:(958)
6457:π
6437:π
6417:π
6394:π
6374:π
6354:π
6331:γ
6311:γ
6157:η
6130:γ
6110:γ
6065:0.0006
5979:π
5956:μ
5951:ν
5931:μ
5820:π
5799:π
5724:Quark
5619:= 1),
5573:, and
5418:bottom
4846:Quark
4743:, and
4691:θ
4663:η
4565:η
4485:η
4393:ω
4344:η
4197:ρ
4177:ρ
4157:ρ
4129:π
4109:π
4089:π
3624:parity
3031:, and
3016:where
2874:broken
2573:π
2561:states
2520:) and
2466:π
2407:π
2317:, and
2272:= +1 ,
2255:ρ
2246:, and
2237:ρ
2219:ρ
2185:= +1 ,
2168:π
2159:, and
2150:π
2132:π
1979:odd" (
1715:odd" (
1376:, the
1366:parity
1098:up to
1050:spin-0
1040:= 0 ),
1022:spin-1
1012:= −1),
857:Quarks
847:
825:vector
810:, and
718:, and
703:Nature
691:Ilford
668:lepton
620:Yukawa
614:, the
608:Yukawa
521:or in
503:parity
469:π
451:π
425:bosons
394:hadron
341:proton
325:quarks
174:π
146:~140 (
130:(1935)
106:strong
94:hadron
90:Family
68:quarks
38:Mesons
18:Mesons
15570:Lists
15561:Trion
15556:Roton
15496:Anyon
15323:Atoms
15086:Preon
15026:Axion
14981:Axino
14874:Gluon
14861:Gauge
14582:(PDF)
14567:S2CID
14541:arXiv
14452:et al
14419:et al
14382:et al
14348:et al
14314:et al
14302:(892)
14280:et al
14243:et al
14227:et al
14194:et al
14182:(782)
14160:et al
14127:et al
14090:et al
14056:et al
14023:et al
13990:et al
13956:et al
13923:et al
13890:et al
13856:et al
13819:et al
13786:et al
13753:et al
13719:et al
13685:et al
13652:et al
13619:et al
13586:et al
13553:et al
13498:(PDF)
13368:S2CID
13258:(PDF)
13240:(PDF)
13185:S2CID
13139:(PDF)
13113:(PDF)
13013:S2CID
12964:(PDF)
12885:(48).
12875:(PDF)
12552:decay
12482:kaons
11050:0.025
10956:Kaon
10892:0.026
10800:Kaon
10766:0.03)
10762:(1.22
10687:Self
10684:(1S)
10603:0.011
10549:Self
10459:) / (
10321:0.01)
10317:(1.55
10296:0.020
10242:Self
10100:0.07)
10096:(7.75
10001:Self
9824:Self
9718:775.4
9564:Quark
9551:name
9166:1.470
8670:0.07)
8666:(5.00
7918:0.024
7844:Self
7686:0.024
7612:Self
7553:0.024
7458:Kaon
7217:0.016
7124:Kaon
7022:Self
7019:(1S)
6882:Self
6879:(1S)
6728:) / (
6497:Self
6266:0.024
6169:Self
5991:Self
5967:Pion
5883:0.000
5787:Pion
5066:charm
4860:charm
3855:= 0,
3846:= 0,
3840:= 0,
3671:Type
3648:quark
3638:) or
3041:charm
2291:= −1
2281:= 0 ,
2204:= −1
2194:= 0 ,
2121:= 1 .
2066:, or
2054:, or
2036:nonet
2023:, or
2011:, or
1274:4, 2
1260:3, 1
1246:2, 0
993:= +1,
982:= 1 ,
771:meson
756:gluon
616:Greek
612:mesos
264:meson
143:Types
51:nonet
15521:Hole
15348:Onia
15255:Kaon
15215:Pion
14786:Muon
14265:(1S)
13521:ISBN
13465:ISBN
13318:ISBN
13285:ISBN
13216:ISBN
13177:PMID
13091:2020
13062:PMID
12980:2011
12941:ISBN
12839:OSTI
12702:ISBN
12656:The
12586:and
12561:The
12513:and
11702:>
11481:>
11449:0.19
11252:1.9)
11248:(6.9
11215:0.17
11093:See
10932:See
10922:7.35
10776:See
10741:0.26
10638:See
10628:0.2)
10624:(7.1
10599:.916
10292:.445
10075:0.12
9899:0.34
9525:Weak
9488:and
9432:and
9341:See
9331:0.7)
9327:(4.6
9298:6276
9183:See
9017:See
8848:See
8801:0.31
8680:See
8645:0.34
8523:See
8480:0.17
8358:See
8315:0.20
7099:See
7068:9300
6971:See
6961:0.3)
6957:(2.5
6788:) or
6615:0.2)
6611:(3.2
6589:0.24
6292:0.3)
6288:(5.0
6091:0.6)
6087:(8.4
5693:List
5683:LHCb
5635:MeV/
4972:down
4857:down
4815:MeV/
3805:1, 3
3761:0, 2
3736:0, 1
3047:and
2858:The
2582:= (
2476:= a
2416:= (
2344:and
2333:and
2325:and
2283:and
2196:and
2110:spin
2075:= 1
2032:= 0
1441:even
1396:does
1271:4, 2
1257:3, 1
1243:2, 0
1029:= 0,
1004:and
1002:= 0,
859:are
817:Spin
750:and
685:and
643:muon
628:muon
515:mass
509:and
485:and
440:pion
355:and
327:and
262:, a
239:Spin
156:Mass
148:List
138:1947
116:and
110:weak
70:and
14796:Tau
14559:doi
13442:doi
13405:doi
13360:doi
13314:303
13281:231
13169:hdl
13161:doi
13149:667
13054:doi
13005:doi
13001:159
12937:315
12910:doi
12831:doi
12792:doi
12749:doi
12544:are
12538:of
12433:+1
12430:+1
12273:+1
12253:1.3
12247:412
12102:+1
12074:0.5
12068:325
11925:+1
11897:0.5
11891:325
11704:3.4
11695:+1
11692:+1
11678:0.5
11672:112
11483:3.1
11474:+1
11445:.97
11443:006
11240:+1
11211:.27
11209:010
10737:.30
10735:460
10597:096
10290:019
9922:4.5
9745:4.5
9722:0.4
9574:MeV
9509:2.2
9322:+1
9319:+1
9161:+1
9141:0.6
9135:366
8998:+1
8966:.53
8964:279
8829:+1
8797:.15
8795:279
8658:+1
8655:+1
8641:.49
8639:968
8501:+1
8476:.84
8474:864
8336:+1
8311:.62
8309:869
7938:(*)
7706:(*)
6936:1.2
6930:980
6342:or
5734:MeV
5592:If
5559:not
5302:top
4866:top
4729:not
3630:),
3622:),
3614:),
2802:= +
2480:of
2098:by
1764:If
1439:or
1425:odd
1423:or
1372:).
1111:| ,
1103:= |
1088:= |
1056:or
1048:or
1020:or
948:or
931:= +
775:any
742:in
726:in
622:or
343:or
258:In
15727::
14602:.
14584:.
14565:.
14557:.
14549:.
14523:.
14480:^
14410:^
14271:^
14118:^
13847:^
13479:^
13440:.
13428:.
13403:.
13393:51
13391:.
13366:.
13358:.
13348:77
13212:88
13183:.
13175:.
13167:.
13159:.
13147:.
13141:.
13082:.
13060:.
13052:.
13042:61
13040:.
13034:.
13011:.
12999:.
12972:76
12970:.
12966:.
12939:.
12906:17
12904:.
12900:.
12883:17
12881:.
12877:.
12837:.
12829:.
12819:39
12817:.
12790:.
12780:33
12778:.
12772:.
12747:.
12737:33
12735:.
12729:.
12668:,
12484::
12427:0
12270:0
12249:.8
12128:+
12099:0
12096:0
12070:.1
11951:+
11922:0
11919:0
11893:.1
11776:+
11753:or
11733:+
11708:10
11698:0
11674:.3
11555:+
11532:or
11512:+
11487:10
11477:0
11471:0
11324:+
11301:or
11281:+
11256:10
11243:0
11237:0
11087:10
11074:0
11071:0
11068:1
11065:1
10926:10
10916:0
10913:0
10910:1
10907:1
10770:10
10757:0
10754:0
10751:0
10748:1
10745:0
10632:10
10619:0
10616:0
10613:0
10610:1
10607:0
10499:+
10479:+
10439:+
10415:or
10394:+
10370:or
10350:+
10325:10
10312:0
10309:0
10306:0
10303:1
10300:0
10192:+
10169:or
10149:+
10129:+
10104:10
10091:0
10088:0
10085:0
10082:1
10079:0
9951:+
9926:10
9916:0
9913:0
9910:0
9907:1
9904:1
9774:+
9749:10
9739:0
9736:0
9733:0
9730:1
9727:1
9617:)
9606:B'
9582:)
9335:10
9316:0
9177:10
9158:0
9137:.3
9011:10
8995:0
8992:0
8970:33
8842:10
8826:0
8823:0
8674:10
8661:0
8652:0
8649:0
8517:10
8504:0
8498:0
8495:0
8352:10
8339:0
8333:0
8330:0
8194:+
8174:+
8151:or
8131:+
8111:+
8088:or
8067:+
8047:+
8024:or
8003:+
7983:+
7958:10
7945:0
7942:0
7934:0
7794:+
7771:or
7751:+
7726:10
7713:0
7710:0
7702:0
7578:0
7575:0
7572:1
7569:0
7432:+
7409:or
7388:+
7368:+
7345:or
7325:+
7301:or
7280:+
7255:10
7242:0
7239:0
7236:1
7233:0
7092:0
7089:0
7086:0
7072:40
6965:10
6952:0
6949:0
6946:0
6943:0
6940:0
6932:.3
6831:+
6811:+
6768:+
6748:+
6708:+
6684:or
6664:+
6644:+
6619:10
6606:0
6603:0
6600:0
6597:0
6594:0
6447:+
6427:+
6404:or
6384:+
6364:+
6321:+
6296:10
6283:0
6280:0
6277:0
6274:0
6271:0
6120:+
6095:10
6082:0
6079:0
6076:0
6073:0
6070:1
5941:+
5916:10
5903:0
5900:0
5897:0
5894:0
5891:1
5885:35
5878:18
5777:)
5766:B'
5742:)
5670:.
5569:,
5565:,
5543:^
5533:—
4874:up
4854:up
4739:,
4735:,
4293:,
4256:,
4213:a
3814:2
3792:0
3770:1
3748:1
3726:0
3043:,
3039:,
3024:,
3020:,
2921::
2913:,
2906:,
2902:,
2876:.
2626:c.
2619:)
2559:)
2522:(
2482:(
2453:)
2313:,
2228:,
2141:,
2062:,
2050:,
2019:,
2007:,
1737:.
1731:CP
1729:.
1340:.
1232:1
1220:1
1215:3
1201:2
1187:1
1173:0
1161:0
1107:+
1096:|
1092:−
1033:(
986:(
975:).
956:=
924:(
900:).
884:=
880:(
853:.
806:,
802:,
714:,
710:,
501:,
431:.
359:.
351:,
279:iː
112:,
108:,
66::
15294:)
15290:(
15007:)
15003:(
14661:e
14654:t
14647:v
14606:.
14573:.
14561::
14553::
14543::
14515:.
14470:s
14465:B
14432:B
14400:s
14395:D
14361:D
14327:D
14293:K
14256:ϒ
14207:ϕ
14108:c
14103:B
14074:s
14069:B
14036:B
14003:B
13974:s
13969:D
13936:D
13903:D
13874:L
13869:K
13837:S
13832:K
13799:K
13766:K
13737:b
13703:c
13529:.
13504:.
13473:.
13448:.
13444::
13436::
13430:8
13411:.
13407::
13399::
13374:.
13362::
13354::
13326:.
13293:.
13224:.
13191:.
13171::
13163::
13155::
13119:.
13093:.
13068:.
13056::
13048::
13019:.
13007::
12982:.
12949:.
12916:.
12912::
12845:.
12833::
12825::
12800:.
12794::
12786::
12757:.
12751::
12743::
12727:"
12725:J
12710:.
12674:ħ
12670:ħ
12662:ħ
12658:ħ
12615:.
12601:L
12596:K
12580:S
12575:K
12558:.
12528:L
12523:K
12507:S
12502:K
12456:ħ
12423:1
12418:0
12401:b
12381:c
12364:c
12359:B
12342:c
12337:B
12300:+
12294:s
12289:B
12263:1
12258:0
12251:±
12245:5
12231:b
12211:s
12194:s
12188:B
12170:s
12165:B
12118:B
12092:1
12085:2
12081:1
12072:±
12066:5
12052:b
12032:d
12010:B
11988:B
11941:B
11915:1
11908:2
11904:1
11895:±
11889:5
11875:b
11855:u
11834:B
11813:B
11766:D
11723:D
11706:×
11688:1
11683:0
11676:±
11670:2
11656:s
11636:c
11619:s
11614:D
11597:s
11592:D
11545:D
11502:D
11485:×
11467:1
11460:2
11456:1
11447:±
11441:2
11427:u
11407:c
11384:D
11361:D
11314:D
11271:D
11254:×
11250:±
11233:1
11226:2
11222:1
11213:±
11207:2
11193:d
11173:c
11151:D
11129:D
11102:K
11085:×
11081:±
11060:2
11056:1
11048:±
11032:s
11012:d
10990:K
10968:K
10941:K
10924:×
10920:~
10902:2
10898:1
10890:±
10874:s
10854:u
10833:K
10812:K
10785:ϒ
10768:×
10764:±
10739:±
10733:9
10719:b
10699:b
10674:ϒ
10630:×
10626:±
10601:±
10595:3
10581:c
10561:c
10519:)
10419:(
10409:L
10404:K
10388:S
10383:K
10360:K
10340:K
10323:×
10319:±
10294:±
10288:1
10274:s
10254:s
10229:ϕ
10102:×
10098:±
10073:±
10051:2
10040:d
10034:d
10031:+
10022:u
10016:u
9924:×
9920:~
9897:±
9874:2
9863:d
9857:d
9845:u
9839:u
9747:×
9743:~
9720:±
9703:d
9683:u
9615:s
9613:(
9601:C
9596:S
9591:J
9586:I
9579:c
9576:/
9572:(
9515:c
9511:×
9502:S
9497:K
9483:L
9478:K
9460:K
9446:S
9441:K
9427:L
9422:K
9384:ħ
9355:c
9350:B
9333:×
9329:±
9312:0
9307:0
9302:4
9300:±
9284:b
9264:c
9247:c
9242:B
9225:c
9220:B
9197:s
9192:B
9175:×
9151:0
9146:0
9139:±
9133:5
9119:b
9099:s
9082:s
9076:B
9058:s
9053:B
9026:B
9009:×
9005:±
8988:0
8981:2
8977:1
8968:±
8962:5
8948:b
8928:d
8906:B
8884:B
8857:B
8840:×
8836:±
8819:0
8812:2
8808:1
8799:±
8793:5
8779:b
8759:u
8738:B
8717:B
8694:s
8689:D
8672:×
8668:±
8643:±
8637:1
8623:s
8603:c
8586:s
8581:D
8564:s
8559:D
8532:D
8515:×
8511:±
8490:2
8486:1
8478:±
8472:1
8458:u
8438:c
8416:D
8394:D
8367:D
8350:×
8346:±
8325:2
8321:1
8313:±
8307:1
8293:d
8273:c
8252:D
8231:D
8018:e
7993:e
7956:×
7952:±
7929:2
7925:1
7916:±
7893:2
7882:d
7876:s
7864:s
7858:d
7836:L
7831:K
7724:×
7720:±
7697:2
7693:1
7684:±
7661:2
7650:d
7644:s
7641:+
7632:s
7626:d
7604:S
7599:K
7564:2
7560:1
7551:±
7534:s
7514:d
7492:K
7470:K
7403:e
7378:e
7253:×
7249:±
7228:2
7224:1
7215:±
7198:s
7178:u
7157:K
7136:K
7113:b
7082:0
7077:0
7070:±
7054:b
7034:b
7013:b
6985:c
6963:×
6959:±
6934:±
6928:2
6914:c
6894:c
6873:c
6688:(
6617:×
6613:±
6587:±
6564:3
6553:s
6547:s
6544:+
6535:d
6529:d
6526:+
6517:u
6511:u
6294:×
6290:±
6264:±
6240:6
6229:s
6223:s
6220:2
6208:d
6202:d
6199:+
6190:u
6184:u
6093:×
6089:±
6063:±
6040:2
6029:d
6023:d
6011:u
6005:u
5914:×
5910:±
5881:±
5861:d
5841:u
5775:s
5773:(
5761:C
5756:S
5751:J
5746:I
5739:c
5736:/
5732:(
5637:c
5621:J
5616:J
5610:J
5601:J
5595:J
5575:ρ
5571:b
5567:a
5563:π
5555:3
5552:I
5525:b
5520:T
5503:s
5497:B
5479:c
5474:B
5452:B
5430:B
5408:b
5403:T
5391:—
5383:s
5378:T
5361:c
5356:T
5335:T
5314:T
5292:s
5287:B
5270:s
5265:T
5253:—
5245:s
5240:D
5218:K
5196:K
5174:c
5169:B
5152:c
5146:T
5128:s
5123:D
5111:—
5099:D
5078:D
5052:B
5031:T
5010:K
4989:D
4977:—
4958:B
4936:T
4914:K
4892:D
4877:—
4817:c
4770:J
4745:ρ
4741:b
4737:a
4733:π
4725:3
4722:I
4705:t
4703:χ
4678:t
4676:h
4668:t
4651:0
4639:t
4621:t
4607:b
4605:χ
4593:ϒ
4580:b
4578:h
4570:b
4553:0
4541:b
4523:b
4509:c
4507:χ
4504:ψ
4500:c
4498:h
4490:c
4473:0
4461:c
4443:c
4429:′
4427:f
4425:f
4413:ϕ
4380:′
4378:h
4376:h
4332:0
4320:s
4302:s
4283:d
4265:d
4246:u
4228:u
4211:a
4209:a
4145:b
4143:b
4141:b
4077:1
4065:u
4047:d
4022:2
4011:d
4005:d
3993:u
3987:u
3965:d
3947:u
3918:J
3911:I
3896:q
3878:q
3858:T
3851:′
3849:B
3843:C
3837:S
3811:2
3808:+
3802:1
3789:0
3786:+
3783:1
3780:1
3767:1
3764:−
3758:1
3745:1
3742:+
3739:1
3723:0
3720:−
3717:0
3714:0
3703:J
3697:J
3690:P
3683:L
3676:S
3644:C
3642:(
3636:G
3634:(
3628:P
3626:(
3620:J
3618:(
3612:I
3610:(
3580:.
3577:]
3574:)
3564:b
3558:n
3549:b
3545:n
3541:(
3538:+
3535:)
3525:s
3519:n
3510:s
3506:n
3502:(
3499:+
3496:)
3486:d
3480:n
3471:d
3467:n
3463:(
3460:[
3455:3
3452:1
3444:]
3441:)
3431:t
3425:n
3416:t
3412:n
3408:(
3405:+
3402:)
3392:c
3386:n
3377:c
3373:n
3369:(
3366:+
3363:)
3353:u
3347:n
3338:u
3334:n
3330:(
3327:[
3322:3
3319:2
3314:=
3311:Q
3281:,
3278:)
3268:t
3262:n
3253:t
3249:n
3245:(
3242:+
3239:=
3232:T
3225:)
3215:b
3209:n
3200:b
3196:n
3192:(
3186:=
3173:B
3165:)
3155:c
3149:n
3140:c
3136:n
3132:(
3129:+
3126:=
3119:C
3112:)
3102:s
3096:n
3087:s
3083:n
3079:(
3073:=
3066:S
3033:T
3028:′
3026:B
3022:C
3018:S
3001:,
2998:)
2995:T
2992:+
2983:B
2979:+
2976:C
2973:+
2970:S
2967:+
2964:B
2961:(
2956:2
2953:1
2948:+
2943:3
2939:I
2935:=
2932:Q
2915:T
2910:′
2908:B
2904:C
2900:S
2896:B
2894:(
2888:3
2885:I
2881:Q
2866:S
2838:2
2835:/
2832:1
2825:3
2822:I
2813:2
2810:/
2807:1
2800:3
2797:I
2785:n
2768:,
2764:]
2759:)
2748:d
2742:n
2733:d
2729:n
2724:(
2716:)
2705:u
2699:n
2690:u
2686:n
2681:(
2676:[
2670:2
2667:1
2662:=
2657:3
2653:I
2631:c
2609:u
2591:d
2549:d
2531:d
2509:u
2491:u
2443:d
2425:u
2389:3
2386:/
2383:1
2379:+
2373:d
2366:3
2363:/
2360:2
2356:+
2350:u
2346:d
2342:u
2335:d
2331:u
2327:d
2323:u
2319:s
2315:d
2311:u
2289:3
2286:I
2279:3
2276:I
2270:3
2267:I
2202:3
2199:I
2192:3
2189:I
2183:3
2180:I
2119:I
2073:J
2068:s
2064:d
2060:u
2056:s
2052:d
2048:u
2038:.
2030:J
2025:s
2021:d
2017:u
2013:s
2009:d
2005:u
1981:G
1977:G
1955:2
1951:q
1945:1
1935:q
1927:|
1920:=
1912:2
1902:q
1893:1
1889:q
1884:|
1870:G
1866:G
1844:2
1840:q
1834:1
1824:q
1816:|
1812:=
1804:2
1794:q
1785:1
1781:q
1776:|
1759:C
1755:G
1742:G
1723:C
1717:C
1713:C
1693:q
1684:q
1677:|
1670:=
1658:q
1652:q
1648:|
1634:C
1630:C
1610:q
1601:q
1594:|
1590:=
1578:q
1572:q
1568:|
1554:C
1537:P
1533:L
1514:L
1495:1
1492:+
1489:L
1484:)
1480:1
1473:(
1468:=
1465:P
1449:P
1445:P
1433:P
1429:P
1405:P
1403:(
1390:P
1388:(
1370:P
1368:(
1358:P
1345:P
1334:L
1330:S
1326:L
1322:S
1318:L
1314:S
1310:J
1306:J
1302:J
1298:L
1294:S
1290:L
1286:S
1282:L
1268:+
1265:3
1254:−
1251:2
1240:+
1237:1
1229:1
1226:−
1223:0
1212:3
1209:+
1206:3
1198:2
1195:−
1192:2
1184:1
1181:+
1178:1
1170:0
1167:−
1164:0
1155:J
1149:J
1142:P
1135:L
1128:S
1119:L
1109:S
1105:L
1101:J
1094:S
1090:L
1086:J
1081:J
1077:ħ
1073:L
1038:z
1035:S
1027:S
1010:z
1007:S
1000:z
997:S
991:z
988:S
980:S
970:2
967:/
964:1
960:+
954:z
951:S
942:2
939:/
936:1
929:z
926:S
917:2
914:/
911:1
904:ħ
895:2
892:/
889:1
882:S
874:2
871:/
868:1
850:ħ
842:2
839:/
836:1
821:S
565:ϒ
556:(
530:(
442:(
418:2
415:/
412:1
312:/
309:n
306:ɒ
303:z
300:ɛ
297:m
294:ˈ
291:,
288:n
285:ɒ
282:z
276:m
273:ˈ
270:/
266:(
251:ħ
246:ħ
232:e
228:e
223:e
210:)
200:ϒ
190:(
188:c
184:)
164:(
162:c
150:)
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
