Mesothelioma - Knowledge

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this as early as 1898). The liability resulting from the sheer number of lawsuits and people affected has reached billions of dollars. The amounts and method of allocating compensation have been the source of many court cases, reaching up to the United States Supreme Court, and government attempts at resolution of existing and future cases. However, to date, the US Congress has not stepped in and there are no federal laws governing asbestos compensation. In 2013, the "Furthering Asbestos Claim Transparency (FACT) Act of 2013" passed the US House of representatives and was sent to the US Senate, where it was referred to the Senate Judiciary Committee. As the Senate did not vote on it before the end of the 113th Congress, it died in committee. It was revived in the 114th Congress, where it has not yet been brought before the House for a vote.

1786:. The indications for performing these operations are unique. The choice of operation namely depends on the size of the patient's tumor. This is an important consideration because tumor volume has been identified as a prognostic factor in mesothelioma. Pleurectomy/decortication spares the underlying lung and is performed in patients with early stage disease when the intention is to remove all gross visible tumor (macroscopic complete resection), not simply palliation. Extrapleural pneumonectomy is a more extensive operation that involves resection of the 591:. Since the early 1940s, millions of American workers have been exposed to asbestos dust. Initially, the risks associated with asbestos exposure were not publicly known. However, an increased risk of developing mesothelioma was later found among naval personnel (e.g., Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard), shipyard workers, people who work in asbestos mines and mills, producers of asbestos products, workers in the heating and construction industries, and other tradespeople. Today, the official position of the U.S. 254:. The greater the exposure the greater the risk. As of 2013, about 125 million people worldwide have been exposed to asbestos at work. High rates of disease occur in people who mine asbestos, produce products from asbestos, work with asbestos products, live with asbestos workers, or work in buildings containing asbestos. Asbestos exposure and the onset of cancer are generally separated by about 40 years. Washing the clothing of someone who worked with asbestos also increases the risk. Other risk factors include 772: 1087: 1123: 1581:

mesothelial surface of the pleural cavity which favors local metastasis via exfoliated cells, invasion to underlying tissue and other organs within the pleural cavity, and the extremely long latency period between asbestos exposure and development of the disease. The histological subtype and the patient's age and health status also help predict prognosis. The epithelioid histology responds better to treatment and has a survival advantage over sarcomatoid histology.

8581: 607:(HSE) states formally that any threshold for exposure to asbestos must be at a very low level and it is widely agreed that if any such threshold does exist at all, then it cannot currently be quantified. For practical purposes, therefore, HSE assumes that no such "safe" threshold exists. Others have noted as well that there is no evidence of a threshold level below which there is no risk of mesothelioma. There appears to be a linear, 1079: 42: 8610: 1153: 8638: 5266: 4225: 2004:

exposure to asbestos. The article referred to over 30 case studies of people who had had mesothelioma in South Africa. Some exposures were transient and some were mine workers. Before the use of advanced microscopy techniques, malignant mesothelioma was often diagnosed as a variant form of lung cancer. In 1962, McNulty reported the first diagnosed case of malignant mesothelioma in an

1596:) was only 11.7 months. However, research indicates varied success when used in combination with radiation and chemotherapy (Duke, 2008), or with one of the latter. A pleurectomy/decortication is the most common surgery, in which the lining of the chest is removed. Less common is an extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP), in which the lung, lining of the inside of the chest, the hemi- 1774:, which includes a combined approach of surgery, radiation or photodynamic therapy, and chemotherapy, is not suggested for routine practice for treating malignant pleural mesothelioma. The effectiveness and safety of multimodal therapy is not clear (not enough research has been performed) and one clinical trial has suggested a possible increased risk of adverse effects. 1645:(brand name Alimta) chemotherapy in patients who had not received chemotherapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma previously and were not candidates for more aggressive "curative" surgery. This trial was the first to report a survival advantage from chemotherapy in malignant pleural mesothelioma, showing a statistically significant improvement in 1266:

mesothelioma from carcinoma or even benign versus malignant. The positive markers indicate that mesothelioma is present; if other markers are positive it may indicate another type of cancer, such as breast or lung adenocarcinoma. Calretinin is a particularly important marker in distinguishing mesothelioma from metastatic breast or lung cancer.

1050:(chromosome-breaking) and membrane-active agents thought to promote asbestos carcinogenicity. These oxidants can participate in the oncogenic process by directly and indirectly interacting with DNA, modifying membrane-associated cellular events, including oncogene activation and perturbation of cellular antioxidant defences. 1679:(FDA) approved pemetrexed for treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma. However, there are still unanswered questions about the optimal use of chemotherapy, including when to start treatment, and the optimal number of cycles to give. Cisplatin and pemetrexed together give patients a median survival of 12.1 months. 1245:. In this procedure, the doctor makes a small cut through the chest wall and puts a thin, lighted tube called a thoracoscope into the chest between two ribs. Thoracoscopy allows the doctor to look inside the chest and obtain tissue samples. Alternatively, the cardiothoracic surgeon might directly open the chest ( 1762:

is used in conjunction with surgery, including in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. The surgeon removes as much of the tumor as possible followed by the direct administration of a chemotherapy agent, heated to between 40 and 48 °C, in the abdomen. The fluid is perfused for 60 to 120

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based assay on epitheloid and biphasic tumors obtained from female patients. These results suggest that an environmental factor, most likely asbestos exposure, may damage and transform a group of cells in the tissue, resulting in a population of tumor cells that are, albeit only slightly, genetically

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The incidence of mesothelioma has been found to be higher in populations living near naturally occurring asbestos. People can be exposed to naturally occurring asbestos in areas where mining or road construction is occurring, or when the asbestos-containing rock is naturally weathered. Another common

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Between 1940 and 1979, approximately 27.5 million people were occupationally exposed to asbestos in the United States. Between 1973 and 1984, the incidence of pleural mesothelioma among Caucasian males increased 300%. From 1980 to the late 1990s, the death rate from mesothelioma in the USA increased

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Incidence of mesothelioma lags behind that of asbestosis due to the longer time it takes to develop; due to the cessation of asbestos use in developed countries, mesothelioma incidence is expected to decrease. Incidence is expected to continue increasing in developing countries due to continuing use

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incidence of over 1,000 per 1,000,000. Incidence of malignant mesothelioma currently ranges from about 7 to 40 per 1,000,000 in industrialized Western nations, depending on the amount of asbestos exposure of the populations during the past several decades. Worldwide incidence is estimated at 1–6 per

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Although reported incidence rates have increased in the past 20 years, mesothelioma is still a relatively rare cancer. The incidence rate varies from one country to another, from a low rate of less than 1 per 1,000,000 in Tunisia and Morocco, to the highest rate in Britain, Australia and Belgium: 30

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Women, young people, people with low-stage cancers, and people with epithelioid cancers have better prognoses. Negative prognostic factors include sarcomatoid or biphasic histology, high platelet counts (above 400,000), age over 50 years, white blood cell counts above 15.5, low glucose levels in the

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has shown an improvement in survival similar to that reported for pemetrexed in combination with cisplatin, but raltitrexed is no longer commercially available for this indication. For patients unable to tolerate pemetrexed, cisplatin in combination with gemcitabine or vinorelbine is an alternative,

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Family members and others living with asbestos workers have an increased risk of developing mesothelioma, and possibly other asbestos-related diseases. This risk may be the result of exposure to asbestos dust brought home on the clothing and hair of asbestos workers via washing a worker's clothes or

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Exposure to asbestos fibers has been recognized as an occupational health hazard since the early 20th century. Numerous epidemiological studies have associated occupational exposure to asbestos with the development of pleural plaques, diffuse pleural thickening, asbestosis, carcinoma of the lung and

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The first lawsuits against asbestos manufacturers were in 1929. Since then, many lawsuits have been filed against asbestos manufacturers and employers, for neglecting to implement safety measures after the links between asbestos, asbestosis, and mesothelioma became known (some reports seem to place

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Immunohistochemical studies play an important role for the pathologist in differentiating malignant mesothelioma from neoplastic mimics, such as breast or lung cancer that has metastasized to the pleura. There are numerous tests and panels available, but no single test is perfect for distinguishing

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or white asbestos fibers). However, there is now evidence that smaller particles may be more dangerous than the larger fibers. They remain suspended in the air where they can be inhaled, and may penetrate more easily and deeper into the lungs. "We probably will find out a lot more about the health

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can be substituted but non-randomised data have shown lower response rates and high rates of haematological toxicity for carboplatin-based combinations, albeit with similar survival figures to patients receiving cisplatin. Cisplatin in combination with premetrexed disodium, folic acid, and vitamin

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Experimental evidence suggests that asbestos acts as a complete carcinogen with the development of mesothelioma occurring in sequential stages of initiation and promotion. The molecular mechanisms underlying the malignant transformation of normal mesothelial cells by asbestos fibers remain unclear

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In 2015, about 60,800 people had mesothelioma, and 32,000 died from the disease. Rates of mesothelioma vary in different areas of the world. Rates are higher in Australia, the United Kingdom, and lower in Japan. It occurs in about 3,000 people per year in the United States. It occurs more often in

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The first lawsuit against asbestos manufacturers was brought in 1929. The parties settled that lawsuit, and as part of the agreement, the attorneys agreed not to pursue further cases. In 1960, an article published by Wagner et al. was seminal in establishing mesothelioma as a disease arising from

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alone, palliative treatment regimens are sometimes used to relieve symptoms arising from tumor growth, such as obstruction of a major blood vessel. Radiation therapy, when given alone with curative intent, has never been shown to improve survival from mesothelioma. The necessary radiation dose to

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Mesothelioma is generally resistant to radiation and chemotherapy treatment. Long-term survival and cures are exceedingly rare. Treatment of malignant mesothelioma at earlier stages has a better prognosis. Clinical behavior of the malignancy is affected by several factors including the continuous

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Mesothelioma development in rats has been demonstrated following intra-pleural inoculation of phosphorylated chrysotile fibers. It has been suggested that in humans, transport of fibers to the pleura is critical to the pathogenesis of mesothelioma. This is supported by the observed recruitment of

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In January 2009, the United States FDA approved using conventional therapies such as surgery in combination with radiation and or chemotherapy on stage I or II Mesothelioma after research conducted by a nationwide study by Duke University concluded an almost 50 point increase in remission rates.

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For patients with localized disease, and who can tolerate a radical surgery, radiation can be given post-operatively as a consolidative treatment. The entire hemithorax is treated with radiation therapy, often given simultaneously with chemotherapy. Delivering radiation and chemotherapy after a

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There are three main histological subtypes of malignant mesothelioma: epithelioid, sarcomatous, and biphasic. Epithelioid and biphasic mesothelioma make up approximately 75-95% of mesotheliomas and have been well characterized histologically, whereas sarcomatous mesothelioma has not been studied

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Despite proof that the dust associated with asbestos mining and milling causes asbestos-related disease, mining began at Wittenoom in 1943 and continued until 1966. In 1974, the first public warnings of the dangers of blue asbestos were published in a cover story called "Is this Killer in Your

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The time from first exposure to onset of the disease, is between 25 and 70 years. It is virtually never less than fifteen years and peaks at 30–40 years. The duration of exposure to asbestos causing mesothelioma can be short. For example, cases of mesothelioma have been documented with only 1–3

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In the United States, asbestos is considered the major cause of malignant mesothelioma and has been considered "indisputably" associated with the development of mesothelioma. Indeed, the relationship between asbestos and mesothelioma is so strong that many consider mesothelioma a "signal" or

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Connections between asbestos exposure and mesothelioma were first identified in the 1960s, with significant evidence emerging from South Africa. In the United States, asbestos manufacture stopped in 2002. Asbestos exposure thus shifted from workers in asbestos textile mills, friction product

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Diagnosing mesothelioma is often difficult because the symptoms are similar to those of a number of other conditions. Diagnosis begins with a review of the patient's medical history. A history of exposure to asbestos may increase clinical suspicion for mesothelioma. A physical examination is

2019:, asbestos-containing mine waste was used to cover schoolyards and playgrounds. In 1965, an article in the British Journal of Industrial Medicine established that people who lived in the neighbourhoods of asbestos factories and mines, but did not work in them, had contracted mesothelioma. 1918:, following cancer surgery. He may have been exposed to asbestos while serving with the U.S. Marines as a young adult—asbestos was then commonly used to insulate ships' piping—or from its use as an insulating material in automobile racing suits (McQueen was an avid racing driver and fan). 992:

can also be altered and overexpressed in many mesotheliomas. Some association has been found with EGFR and epithelioid histology but no clear association has been found between EGFR overexpression and overall survival; BAP1 alterations are also predominantly in the epithelioid histology.

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following exposure to asbestos fibers has not yet been achieved. In general, asbestos fibers are thought to act through direct physical interactions with the cells of the mesothelium in conjunction with indirect effects following interaction with inflammatory cells such as macrophages.

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of asbestos. Mesothelioma occurs more often in men than in women and risk increases with age, but this disease can appear in either men or women at any age. Approximately one fifth to one third of all mesotheliomas are peritoneal. Less than 5% of mesotheliomas are pericardial. The

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level might be useful in screening asbestos-exposed people for mesothelioma. The level of soluble mesothelin-related protein is elevated in the serum of about 75% of patients at diagnosis and it has been suggested that it may be useful for screening. Doctors have begun testing the

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Occupational exposure to asbestos in the United States mainly occurs when people are maintaining buildings that already have asbestos. Approximately 1.3 million US workers are exposed to asbestos annually; in 2002, an estimated 44,000 miners were potentially exposed to asbestos.

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to localized lesions of accumulated asbestos fibers in the pleural and peritoneal cavities of rats. These lesions continued to attract and accumulate macrophages as the disease progressed, and cellular changes within the lesion culminated in a morphologically malignant tumor.

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minutes and then drained. High concentrations of selected drugs are then administered into the pleural cavity. Heating the chemotherapy treatment increases the penetration of the drugs into tissues. Also, heating itself damages the malignant cells more than the normal cells.

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function. The combination therapy was evaluated through a randomized, open-label trial in which participants who received nivolumab in combination with ipilimumab survived a median of 18.1 months while participants who underwent chemotherapy survived a median of 14.1 months.

1727:(IL-2), but patients undergoing this particular therapy experienced major side effects. Indeed, this trial was suspended in view of the unacceptably high levels of IL-2 toxicity and the severity of side effects such as fever and cachexia. Nonetheless, other trials involving 2071:

Some growth factors have been identified and as a result, targeted therapies have emerged to help slow the growth of oncogenic abnormalities. For example, bevacizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, is directed at the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR).

1976:. After his diagnosis, Gould wrote "The Median Isn't the Message", in which he argued that statistics such as median survival are useful abstractions, not destiny. Gould lived for another 20 years, eventually succumbing to cancer not linked to his mesothelioma. 611:, with increasing dose producing increasing risk of disease. Nevertheless, mesothelioma may be related to brief, low level or indirect exposures to asbestos. The dose necessary for effect appears to be lower for asbestos-induced mesothelioma than for pulmonary 1662:

1000mcg every 9 weeks compared with patients receiving pemetrexed without vitamin supplementation. The objective response rate increased from 20% in the cisplatin group to 46% in the combination pemetrexed group. Some side effects such as nausea and vomiting,

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and is known to cause mesothelioma. Detailed epidemiological investigation has shown that erionite causes mesothelioma mostly in families with a genetic predisposition. Erionite is found in deposits in the Western United States, where it is used in gravel for

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larynx, gastrointestinal tumors, and diffuse malignant mesothelioma of the pleura and peritoneum. Asbestos has been widely used in many industrial products, including cement, brake linings, gaskets, roof shingles, flooring products, textiles, and insulation.

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Asbestos fibers have been shown to alter the function and secretory properties of macrophages, ultimately creating conditions which favour the development of mesothelioma. Following asbestos phagocytosis, macrophages generate increased amounts of hydroxyl

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radical surgery has led to extended life expectancy in selected patient populations. It can also induce severe side-effects, including fatal pneumonitis. As part of a curative approach to mesothelioma, radiotherapy is commonly applied to the sites of

409:. If the cancer has spread beyond the mesothelium to other parts of the body, symptoms may include pain, trouble swallowing, or swelling of the neck or face. These symptoms may be caused by mesothelioma or by other, less serious conditions. 1990:

Some people who were exposed to asbestos have collected damages for an asbestos-related disease, including mesothelioma. Compensation via asbestos funds or class action lawsuits is an important issue in law practices regarding mesothelioma.

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on December 22, 1979. He was not offered surgery or chemotherapy because doctors felt the cancer was too advanced. McQueen subsequently sought alternative treatments at clinics in Mexico. He died of a heart attack on November 7, 1980, in

1667:, and diarrhoea were more common in the combination pemetrexed group but only affected a minority of patients and overall the combination of pemetrexed and cisplatin was well tolerated when patients received vitamin supplementation; both 1658:. Vitamin supplementation was given to most patients in the trial and pemetrexed related side effects were significantly less in patients receiving pemetrexed when they also received daily oral folate 500mcg and intramuscular vitamin B 1861:

Mesothelioma accounts for less than 1% of all cancers diagnosed in the UK, (around 2,600 people were diagnosed with the disease in 2011), and it is the seventeenth most common cause of cancer death (around 2,400 people died in 2012).

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coming into contact with asbestos-contaminated work clothing. To reduce the chance of exposing family members to asbestos fibres, asbestos workers are usually required to shower and change their clothing before leaving the workplace.

1221:). However, with primary pericardial mesothelioma, pericardial fluid may not contain malignant cells and a tissue biopsy is more useful in diagnosis. Using conventional cytology diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma is difficult, but 1140:

Diagnosis of mesothelioma can be suspected with imaging but is confirmed with biopsy. It must be clinically and histologically differentiated from other pleural and pulmonary malignancies, including reactive pleural disease, primary

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Government decided to phase out the town of Wittenoom, following the publication of a Health Dept. booklet, "The Health Hazard at Wittenoom", containing the results of air sampling and an appraisal of worldwide medical information.

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Vogelzang NJ, Rusthoven JJ, Symanowski J, Denham C, Kaukel E, Ruffie P, et al. (July 2003). "Phase III study of pemetrexed in combination with cisplatin versus cisplatin alone in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma".

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Henderson DW, Rödelsperger K, Woitowitz HJ, Leigh J (December 2004). "After Helsinki: a multidisciplinary review of the relationship between asbestos exposure and lung cancer, with emphasis on studies published during 1997–2004".

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where local residents who contracted mesothelioma demanded compensation because of the asbestos pollution from the company's factory. One notable case was that of June Hancock, who contracted the disease in 1993 and died in 1997.

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There is no universally agreed protocol for screening people who have been exposed to asbestos. Screening tests might diagnose mesothelioma earlier than conventional methods thus improving the survival prospects for patients. The

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fibers or becoming entangled within the chromosome. This contact between the asbestos fiber and the chromosomes or structural proteins of the spindle apparatus can induce complex abnormalities. The most common abnormality is

5432: 1934:, American musician, was diagnosed with pleural mesothelioma in 2002, and died on September 7, 2003. It is believed that this was caused through childhood exposure to asbestos insulation in the attic of his father's shop. 1057:

properties. For example, chrysotile fibres have been shown to depress the in vitro proliferation of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes, suppress natural killer cell lysis and significantly reduce

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males than females. Rates of disease have increased since the 1950s. Diagnosis typically occurs after the age of 65 and most deaths occur around 70 years old. The disease was rare before the commercial use of asbestos.

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are removed. In localized pericardial mesothelioma, pericardectomy can be curative; when the tumor has metastasized, pericardectomy is a palliative care option. It is often not possible to remove the entire tumor.

1940:, Australian sailor and politician, died on 10 August 1990 of pleural mesothelioma. It is believed that this was caused by his exposure to asbestos on military ships during his career in the Royal Australian Navy. 573:

The documented presence of asbestos fibers in water supplies and food products has fostered concerns about the possible impact of long-term and, as yet, unknown exposure of the general population to these fibers.

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Symptoms or signs of mesothelioma may not appear until 20 to 50 years (or more) after exposure to asbestos. Shortness of breath, cough, and pain in the chest due to an accumulation of fluid in the pleural space

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survival from 10 months in the patients treated with cisplatin alone to 13.3 months in the group of patients treated with cisplatin in the combination with pemetrexed and who also received supplementation with

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pleural fluid, low albumin levels, and high fibrinogen levels. Several markers are under investigation as prognostic factors, including nuclear grade, and serum c-reactive protein. Long-term survival is rare.

727:, and in Turkey, where it is used to construct homes. In Turkey, the United States, and Mexico, erionite has been associated with mesothelioma and has thus been designated a "known human carcinogen" by the US 5126:"Extrapleural pneumonectomy followed by intracavitary intraoperative hyperthermic cisplatin with pharmacologic cytoprotection for treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma: A phase II prospective study" 1777:

Large series of examining multimodality treatment have only demonstrated modest improvement in survival (median survival 14.5 months and only 29.6% surviving 2 years). Reducing the bulk of the tumor with

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Milosevic V, Kopecka J, Salaroglio IC, Libener R, Napoli F, Izzo S, et al. (2020). "Wnt/IL-1β/IL-8 autocrine circuitries control chemoresistance in mesothelioma initiating cells by inducing ABCB5".

3857: 2470:"Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015" 1814:

Mesothelioma usually has a poor prognosis. Typical survival despite surgery is between 12 and 21 months depending on the stage of disease at diagnosis with about 7.5% of people surviving for 5 years.

8251: 8186: 1253:. To obtain tissue for examination, the doctor makes a small incision in the abdomen and inserts a special instrument into the abdominal cavity. If these procedures do not yield enough tissue, an 6087: 2418:"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015" 643:

of miners employed at the mine reported that 85 deaths attributable to mesothelioma had occurred by 1985. By 1994, 539 reported deaths due to mesothelioma had been reported in Western Australia.

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is the most common risk factor for mesothelioma. However, mesothelioma has been reported in some individuals without any known exposure to asbestos. Tentative evidence also raises concern about

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Bueno, Stawiski, Goldstein, Durinck, De Rienzo (2016). "Comprehensive genomic analysis of malignant pleural mesothelioma identifies recurrent mutations, gene fusions and splicing alterations".

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is the only treatment for mesothelioma that has been proven to improve survival in randomised and controlled trials. The landmark study published in 2003 by Vogelzang and colleagues compared

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By 1979, the first writs for negligence related to Wittenoom were issued against CSR and its subsidiary ABA, and the Asbestos Diseases Society was formed to represent the Wittenoom victims.

566:, this exposure had resulted in mesothelioma incidence around 300 times more than expected in asbestos-free populations, and was associated with very frequent pleural calcification known as 5165:

Allen AM, Czerminska M, Jänne PA, Sugarbaker DJ, Bueno R, Harris JR, et al. (1 July 2006). "Fatal pneumonitis associated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy for mesothelioma".

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Asbestos has also been shown to mediate the entry of foreign DNA into target cells. Incorporation of this foreign DNA may lead to mutations and oncogenesis by several possible mechanisms:

562:. Environmental exposure to asbestos has caused mesothelioma in places other than Turkey, including Corsica, Greece, Cyprus, China, and California. In the northern Greek mountain town of 5705: 3113:

Carbone M, Emri S, Dogan AU, Steele I, Tuncer M, Pass HI, et al. (February 2007). "A mesothelioma epidemic in Cappadocia: scientific developments and unexpected social outcomes".

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There are two high-confidence miRNAs that can potentially serve as biomarkers of asbestos exposure and malignant mesothelioma. Validation studies are needed to assess their relevance.

635:, took place from 1937 to 1966. The first case of mesothelioma in the town occurred in 1960. The second case was in 1969, and new cases began to appear more frequently thereafter. The 3011:

Constantopoulos SH (October 2008). "Environmental mesothelioma associated with tremolite asbestos: lessons from the experiences of Turkey, Greece, Corsica, New Caledonia and Cyprus".

4210: 6038: 2769: 7873: 1213:. While absence of malignant cells on cytology does not completely exclude mesothelioma, it makes it much more unlikely, especially if an alternative diagnosis can be made (e.g., 853:

despite the demonstration of its oncogenic capabilities (see next-but-one paragraph). However, complete in vitro transformation of normal human mesothelial cells to a malignant

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from where the fiber can then be carried to the pleural surface, thus leading to the development of malignant mesothelial plaques. The processes leading to the development of

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Roggli VL, Sharma A, Butnor KJ, Sporn T, Vollmer RT (2002). "Malignant mesothelioma and occupational exposure to asbestos: a clinicopathological correlation of 1445 cases".

5285:"Pemetrexed plus cisplatin or pemetrexed plus carboplatin for chemonaïve patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma: results of the International Expanded Access Program" 5997: 1363: 6725: 6157: 2350: 599:(EPA) is that protections and "permissible exposure limits" required by U.S. regulations, while adequate to prevent most asbestos-related non-malignant disease, are 7751: 7258: 1062:

viability and recovery. Furthermore, genetic alterations in asbestos-activated macrophages may result in the release of potent mesothelial cell mitogens such as

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Chiosea S, Krasinskas A, Cagle PT, Mitchell KA, Zander DS, Dacic S (June 2008). "Diagnostic importance of 9p21 homozygous deletion in malignant mesotheliomas".

1742:(Yervoy) for the first-line treatment of adults with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) that cannot be removed by surgery. Nivolumab and ipilimumab are both 1149:

of other cancers, and other primary pleural cancers. Primary pericardial mesothelioma is often diagnosed after it has metastasized to lymph nodes or the lungs.

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aspects of asbestos from , unfortunately," said Dr. Alan Fein, chief of pulmonary and critical-care medicine at North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System.

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Many building materials used in both public and domestic premises prior to the banning of asbestos may contain asbestos. Those performing renovation works or

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ORTIZ V. FIBREBOARD CORP. (97-1704) 527 U.S. 815 (1999) had individual liability from a single corporation and its insurance carriers of nearly $ 2 billion.

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Robinson BW, Creaney J, Lake R, Nowak A, Musk AW, de Klerk N, et al. (July 2005). "Soluble mesothelin-related protein--a blood test for mesothelioma".

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Therefore, it is a legal requirement that all who may come across asbestos in their day-to-day work have been provided with the relevant asbestos training.

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Panou V, Vyberg M, Weinreich UM, Meristoudis C, Falkmer UG, Røe OD (June 2015). "The established and future biomarkers of malignant pleural mesothelioma".

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Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, et al. (GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators) (October 2016).

2102: 6079: 5334:"Pemetrexed disodium in combination with cisplatin versus other cytotoxic agents or supportive care for the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma" 1850:

from 2,000 per year to 3,000, with men four times more likely to acquire it than women. More than 80% of mesotheliomas are caused by asbestos exposure.

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Exposure to talc is also a risk factor for mesothelioma; exposure can affect those who live near talc mines, work in talc mines, or work in talc mills.

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Glover J (April 1973). "Hygiene standards for airborne amosite asbestos dust. British Occupational Hygiene Society Committee on Hygiene Standards".

8596: 8230: 8192: 1241:. A biopsy may be done in different ways, depending on where the abnormal area is located. If the cancer is in the chest, the doctor may perform a 1626:

treat mesothelioma that has not been surgically removed would be beyond human tolerance. Radiotherapy is of some use in pericardial mesothelioma.

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remain unresolved, although it has been proposed that asbestos fibers from the lung are transported to the abdomen and associated organs via the

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Asbestos was known in antiquity, but it was not mined and widely used commercially until the late 19th century. Its use greatly increased during

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Sugarbaker DJ (February 2006). "Macroscopic complete resection: the goal of primary surgery in multimodality therapy for pleural mesothelioma".

4515:"Multiomic analysis of malignant pleural mesothelioma identifies molecular axes and specialized tumor profiles driving intertumor heterogeneity" 8501: 4343: 2468:

Wang H, Naghavi M, Allen C, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Carter A, et al. (GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators) (October 2016).

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have proved more encouraging with 20% of patients experiencing a greater than 50% reduction in tumor mass combined with minimal side effects.

1094:(the section follows the plane that divides the body in a front and a back half). The mesothelioma is indicated by yellow arrows, the central 558:, Turkey, mesothelioma was causing 50% of all deaths in three small villages—Tuzköy, Karain, and Sarıhıdır. Initially, this was attributed to 8668: 8204: 8154: 7558: 6718: 1871:

manufacturing, cement pipe fabrication, and insulation manufacture and installation to maintenance workers in asbestos-containing buildings.

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Restrepo CS, Vargas D, Ocazionez D, Martínez-Jiménez S, Betancourt Cuellar SL, Gutierrez FR (October 2013). "Primary pericardial tumors".

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or vinorelbine on its own, although a survival benefit has not been shown for these drugs. For patients in whom cisplatin cannot be used,

6288: 3739:"Malignant mesotheliomas in former miners and millers of crocidolite at Wittenoom (Western Australia) after more than 50 years follow-up" 2761: 1237:

is needed to confirm a diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma. A doctor removes a sample of tissue for examination under a microscope by a

6285:"H.R.526 - 114th Congress (2015-2016): Furthering Asbestos Claim Transparency (FACT) Act of 2015 - Congress.gov - Library of Congress" 6259:"H.R.982 - 113th Congress (2013-2014): Furthering Asbestos Claim Transparency (FACT) Act of 2013 - Congress.gov - Library of Congress" 3343: 823:

Pleural contamination with asbestos or other mineral fibers has been shown to cause cancer. Long thin asbestos fibers (blue asbestos,

2927: 2376:"Age-Adjusted SEER Incidence and U.S. Death Rates and 5-Year Relative Survival (Percent) By Primary Cancer Site, Sex and Time Period" 1331: 1070:-β (TGF-β) which in turn, may induce the chronic stimulation and proliferation of mesothelial cells after injury by asbestos fibres. 5381:

Sugarbaker PH, Welch LS, Mohamed F, Glehen O (July 2003). "A review of peritoneal mesothelioma at the Washington Cancer Institute".

3716: 6711: 3424: 2060: 1715:(BCG) in an attempt to boost the immune response, was found to be of no benefit to the patient (while it may benefit patients with 5489:"Phase I to II study of pleurectomy/decortication and intraoperative intracavitary hyperthermic cisplatin lavage for mesothelioma" 554:

route of exposure is through asbestos-containing soil, which is used to whitewash, plaster, and roof houses in Greece. In central

8585: 8374: 7737: 7532: 1846:

of pericardial mesothelioma is less than 0.002%; it is more common in men than women. It typically occurs in a person's 50s-70s.

1759: 8561: 8420: 7833: 6005: 5433:"Diaphragm and lung–preserving surgery with hyperthermic chemotherapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma: A 10-year experience" 4160: 478: 615:

or lung cancer. Again, there is no known safe level of exposure to asbestos as it relates to increased risk of mesothelioma.

7578: 4454: 4029: 4004: 3972: 3947: 2321: 739:

In rare cases, mesothelioma has also been associated with irradiation of the chest or abdomen, intrapleural thorium dioxide (

460:(shortness of breath when lying flat), and cough. These symptoms are caused by the tumor encasing or infiltrating the heart. 1853:

The incidence of peritoneal mesothelioma is 0.5–3.0 per million per year in men, and 0.2–2.0 per million per year in women.

1592:

Surgery, by itself, has proved disappointing. In one large series, the median survival with surgery (including extrapleural

8678: 8541: 7079: 6926: 2342: 1177:. The X-ray may reveal pleural thickening commonly seen after asbestos exposure and increases suspicion of mesothelioma. A 5411: 7823: 7523: 7394: 6764: 6629: 820:. Additionally, asbestos fibers may be deposited in the gut after ingestion of sputum contaminated with asbestos fibers. 639:

between initial exposure to asbestos and the development of mesothelioma varied from 12 years 9 months up to 58 years. A

603:

adequate to prevent or protect against asbestos-related cancers such as mesothelioma. Likewise, the British Government's

5085:"Malignant pleural mesothelioma: clinicopathologic and survival characteristics in a consecutive series of 394 patients" 8491: 7596: 7553: 1584:

The effectiveness of radiotherapy compared to chemotherapy or surgery for malignant pleural mesothelioma is not known.

763:

in the development of mesothelioma. This has been confirmed in animal studies, but studies in humans are inconclusive.

3810:"Radiographic abnormalities and exposure to asbestos-contaminated vermiculite in the community of Libby, Montana, USA" 3786: 2525: 1098:(fluid collection) is marked with a yellow star. Red numbers: (1) right lung, (2) spine, (3) left lung, (4) ribs, (5) 883:

of chromosome 22. Other frequent abnormalities include structural rearrangement of 1p, 3p, 9p and 6q chromosome arms.

412:

Tumors that affect the abdominal cavity often do not cause symptoms until they are at a late stage. Symptoms include:

247:, a swollen abdomen, chest wall pain, cough, feeling tired, and weight loss. These symptoms typically come on slowly. 8414: 8404: 8159: 6841: 1396: 680:

were banned in the UK around 1985. Buildings built or renovated prior to these dates may contain asbestos materials.

2876:"Bone metastases with nerve root compression as a late complication in patient with epithelial pleural mesothelioma" 440:

Pericardial mesothelioma is not well characterized, but observed cases have included cardiac symptoms, specifically

7573: 7330: 1720: 1711:

Treatment regimens involving immunotherapy have yielded variable results. For example, intrapleural inoculation of

1059: 981: 297:, may be used to prevent more fluid from building up around the lungs. Chemotherapy often includes the medications 2375: 7098: 6809: 5658:"Prevention, early detection, and management of complications after 328 consecutive extrapleural pneumonectomies" 1952:, South African retired politician, was diagnosed with mesothelioma on March 19, 2021, and died in November 2021. 6127: 1946:, diagnosed in 1997, is considered the longest currently living (as of 2017) mesothelioma survivor in the world. 8683: 8591: 8456: 8111: 7848: 7760: 7387: 6874: 6856: 4431: 2937: 2098: 1370: 1063: 608: 5918: 3157:"Asbestos in Drinking-water: Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water quality" 8327: 8080: 7515: 6972: 6879: 6477: 4379:

Dehé PM, Gaillard PH (May 2017). "Control of structure-specific endonucleases to maintain genome stability".

1046:, which are normal by-products of cellular anaerobic metabolism. However, these free radicals are also known 1968:

Although life expectancy with this disease is typically limited, there are notable survivors. In July 1982,

1782:

is key to extending survival. Two surgeries have been developed: extrapleural pneumonectomy and pleurectomy/

8369: 8302: 8055: 7843: 7273: 7263: 6984: 5249: 3503:"Mesothelioma mortality in asbestos workers: implications for models of carcinogenesis and risk assessment" 2065:

The WT-1 protein is overexpressed in mesothelioma and is being researched as a potential target for drugs.

2016: 2009: 1676: 1002: 968:

Several genes are commonly mutated in mesothelioma, and may be prognostic factors. These include primarily

632: 4365: 8673: 8506: 8198: 8106: 8070: 7908: 7452: 6921: 6560: 6108: 4657:

Comertpay S, Pastorino S, Tanji M, Mezzapelle R, Strianese O, Napolitano A, et al. (December 2014).

1294: 728: 604: 3599:

Lanphear BP, Buncher CR (July 1992). "Latent period for malignant mesothelioma of occupational origin".

1712: 8628: 8566: 8471: 8245: 7948: 7528: 7201: 6779: 1544: 1182: 1067: 1802:. This operation is indicated for a subset of patients with more advanced tumors, who can tolerate a 8688: 8164: 8075: 8060: 7923: 7918: 7893: 7651: 7538: 7325: 7213: 6994: 6543: 3197:"Asbestos fibers and other elongate mineral particles: state of the science and roadmap for research" 2949: 1771: 441: 3808:

Peipins LA, Lewin M, Campolucci S, Lybarger JA, Miller A, Middleton D, et al. (November 2003).

8556: 8481: 8461: 8354: 7978: 7968: 7943: 7568: 7469: 7447: 6864: 6640: 5656:

Sugarbaker DJ, Jaklitsch MT, Bueno R, Richards W, Lukanich J, Mentzer SJ, et al. (July 2004).

2796:

Barreiro TJ, Katzman PJ (December 2006). "Malignant mesothelioma: a case presentation and review".

2043: 1301: 1190: 989: 691:

In a recent research carried on white American population in 2012, it was found that people with a

7310: 3326:

Gennaro V, Finkelstein MM, Ceppi M, Fontana V, Montanaro F, Perrotta A, et al. (March 2000).

219:

that develops from the thin layer of tissue that covers many of the internal organs (known as the

8526: 8312: 7563: 7479: 7422: 7292: 7050: 6894: 6836: 6788: 5853: 4887:

Beyer HL, Geschwindt RD, Glover CL, Tran L, Hellstrom I, Hellstrom KE, et al. (April 2007).

1973: 1937: 1925: 1910: 1900: 1519:

of mesothelioma is based on the recommendation by the International Mesothelioma Interest Group.

1406: 1001:

hypermethylation have also been shown to be frequent and associated with survival. Expression of

813: 760: 88: 3996: 3737:

Berry G, Reid A, Aboagye-Sarfo P, de Klerk NH, Olsen NJ, Merler E, et al. (February 2012).

3052: 2874:

Cedrés S, Fariñas L, Stejpanovic N, Martinez P, Martinez A, Zamora E, et al. (April 2013).

8121: 8101: 7888: 7858: 7700: 7128: 6979: 6936: 6931: 6258: 6217: 6200: 5487:

Richards WG, Zellos L, Bueno R, Jaklitsch MT, Jänne PA, Chirieac LR, et al. (April 2006).

5125: 3156: 1185:

is usually performed. If a large amount of fluid is present, abnormal cells may be detected by

636: 6680: 6284: 3787:"Protecting Workers' Families: A Research Agenda of the Workers' Family Protection Task Force" 2311: 1159:

showing conventionally-stained mesothelioma in a core biopsy (higher magnifications on right).

8693: 8658: 8116: 7548: 7435: 6703: 1906: 1779: 1014: 887: 5283:

Santoro A, O'Brien ME, Stahel RA, Nackaerts K, Baas P, Karthaus M, et al. (July 2008).

3988: 1429:

extensively. Most mesotheliomas express high levels of cytokeratin 5 regardless of subtype.

8317: 8292: 8096: 8013: 7863: 7853: 7813: 7768: 7588: 7315: 7160: 6884: 6814: 6171: 5083:

Borasio P, Berruti A, Billé A, Lausi P, Levra MG, Giardino R, et al. (February 2008).

4191:(Report). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. 4107: 1985: 1833:

per 1,000,000 per year. For comparison, populations with high levels of smoking can have a

1499: 1272: 1222: 1025: 4610:"MicroRNAs in mesothelioma: from tumour suppressors and biomarkers to therapeutic targets" 8: 8451: 8334: 8322: 8287: 8065: 8050: 8043: 8023: 7793: 7775: 7666: 7379: 7305: 7231: 7113: 6913: 6889: 6851: 6846: 6759: 6606: 3712: 3628:"Occupational characteristics of cases with asbestos-related diseases in The Netherlands" 1824:

In peritoneal mesothelioma, high expression of WT-1 protein indicates a worse prognosis.

1743: 1672: 1178: 1043: 715: 240: 80: 6453: 6028: 5582:"Preoperative tumor volume is associated with outcome in malignant pleural mesothelioma" 4625: 4539: 4514: 4183: 4153: 4111: 3550:

Carbone M, Ly BH, Dodson RF, Pagano I, Morris PT, Dogan UA, et al. (January 2012).

3435: 2891: 2226: 8486: 8390: 8307: 8126: 7718: 7488: 7268: 7243: 7206: 7103: 7072: 7036: 6869: 6622: 6520: 6503: 6435: 6423: 6387: 6360: 6336: 6312:"Diffuse pleural mesothelioma and asbestos exposure in the North Western Cape Province" 6311: 6176: 6060: 6033: 5974: 5950:"Diffuse pleural mesothelioma and asbestos exposure in the North Western Cape Province" 5949: 5793: 5557: 5532: 5358: 5333: 5314: 5062: 5049: 5024: 4964: 4829: 4802: 4783: 4685: 4658: 4634: 4609: 4552: 4495: 4404: 4337: 4310: 4267: 4130: 4095: 4076: 3912: 3887: 3834: 3809: 3763: 3738: 3576: 3551: 3527: 3502: 3478: 3453: 3406: 3293: 3138: 3095: 2900: 2875: 2851: 2824: 2738: 2713: 2586: 2569: 2494: 2469: 2442: 2417: 2235: 2210: 2159: 2134: 2047: 1928:

in May 2003; however, it has been questioned whether this was due to asbestos exposure.

1795: 1597: 1539:

Mesothelioma can be prevented in most cases by preventing exposure to asbestos. The US

1520: 1210: 942: 500: 449: 306: 277:

Prevention focuses on reducing exposure to asbestos. Treatment often includes surgery,

187: 75: 5598: 5581: 5394: 2485: 2433: 2284: 2259: 1834: 1618:

insertion, in order to prevent growth of the tumor along the track in the chest wall.

1024:

As an environmentally triggered malignancy, mesothelioma tumors have been found to be

397:(a buildup of fluid in the abdominal cavity). Other features may include weight loss, 8663: 8536: 8349: 8028: 8003: 7898: 7883: 7625: 7414: 7368: 7340: 7248: 7108: 6899: 6734: 6651: 6525: 6427: 6392: 6341: 6222: 5979: 5900: 5828: 5785: 5750: 5679: 5638: 5634: 5603: 5562: 5510: 5462: 5398: 5363: 5306: 5218: 5182: 5147: 5106: 5054: 5005: 4968: 4956: 4910: 4869: 4834: 4775: 4731: 4690: 4639: 4590: 4556: 4544: 4487: 4450: 4396: 4302: 4259: 4135: 4068: 4063: 4046: 4025: 4000: 3989: 3968: 3943: 3917: 3839: 3768: 3694: 3659: 3608: 3581: 3532: 3483: 3398: 3347: 3285: 3241: 3130: 3099: 3087: 3028: 2990: 2905: 2856: 2805: 2743: 2683: 2591: 2499: 2447: 2317: 2289: 2240: 2164: 2028: 1969: 1054: 894: 692: 453: 278: 167: 135: 63: 6611: 6439: 6410:

Mcnulty JC (December 1962). "Malignant pleural mesothelioma in an asbestos worker".

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Testa JR, Cheung M, Pei J, Below JE, Tan Y, Sementino E, et al. (August 2011).

3410: 3311:

Sporn TA, Roggli VL (2004). "Mesothelioma". In Roggli VL, Oury TD, Sporn TA (eds.).

3297: 3237: 1531:

is performed. Mesothelioma is staged Ia–IV (one-A to four) based on the TNM status.

344:

Shortness of breath – which could be due to a collapsed lung or the pleural effusion

270:

findings, and is confirmed by either examining fluid produced by the cancer or by a

8277: 8272: 7938: 7878: 7464: 7197: 7093: 7031: 6967: 6691: 6515: 6419: 6382: 6372: 6331: 6323: 6212: 6080:"Asbestos Killed Warren Zevon — Now His Son Is Fighting to Ban It Once and for All" 5969: 5961: 5890: 5820: 5777: 5740: 5669: 5630: 5593: 5552: 5548: 5544: 5500: 5452: 5444: 5390: 5353: 5349: 5345: 5296: 5210: 5174: 5137: 5096: 5044: 5040: 5036: 4995: 4946: 4938: 4900: 4861: 4824: 4814: 4770: 4765: 4753: 4721: 4680: 4670: 4629: 4621: 4582: 4534: 4526: 4479: 4388: 4294: 4271: 4251: 4125: 4115: 4058: 3907: 3899: 3829: 3821: 3758: 3750: 3686: 3649: 3639: 3571: 3563: 3522: 3514: 3473: 3465: 3390: 3339: 3277: 3233: 3204: 3142: 3122: 3079: 3020: 2980: 2895: 2887: 2846: 2836: 2733: 2725: 2675: 2581: 2489: 2481: 2437: 2429: 2279: 2271: 2230: 2222: 2154: 2146: 1728: 1488: 1313: 1099: 1095: 973: 817: 542: 495: 473: 406: 328: 244: 236: 93: 4865: 4586: 2275: 1915: 1675:

improved in the combination pemetrexed group. In February 2004, the United States

8642: 8551: 8531: 8359: 8038: 8033: 7988: 7729: 7320: 7184: 7012: 6645: 5301: 5284: 5178: 4905: 4888: 4185: 2729: 1888: 1791: 1787: 1668: 931: 809: 468:

In severe cases of the disease, the following signs and symptoms may be present:

456:. They have also included nonspecific symptoms, including substernal chest pain, 259: 140: 128: 5674: 5657: 5448: 5142: 5101: 5084: 4573:

Davidson B (June 2015). "Prognostic factors in malignant pleural mesothelioma".

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Green J, Dundar Y, Dodd S, Dickson R, Walley T (January 2007). Green JA (ed.).

4530: 3328:"Mesothelioma and lung tumors attributable to asbestos among petroleum workers" 2679: 2568:

Sardar MR, Kuntz C, Patel T, Saeed W, Gnall E, Imaizumi S, et al. (2012).

1949: 1716: 1565: 1516: 1477: 1238: 1142: 1029: 938: 771: 724: 700: 673: 665: 6656: 6119: 4675: 4255: 3394: 3281: 3224:

Kanarek MS (September 2011). "Mesothelioma from chrysotile asbestos: update".

2985: 2968: 2841: 2135:"Malignant pleural mesothelioma: an update on diagnosis and treatment options" 1009:

is a positive prognostic factor. In general, mesothelioma is characterized by

8652: 8521: 8282: 7983: 7928: 7656: 5745: 5728: 5505: 5488: 5270: 5000: 4983: 4819: 4229: 3454:"Mesothelioma: cases associated with non-occupational and low dose exposures" 3209: 3196: 3091: 3083: 2150: 1803: 1783: 1724: 1692:

B12 may also improve survival for people who are responding to chemotherapy.

1593: 1218: 1194: 1186: 1133: 1130: 1091: 1086: 886:

Common gene abnormalities in mesothelioma cell lines include deletion of the

845: 522: 445: 271: 148: 6596: 6546: 5895: 5878: 5416:(Third ed.). Grand Rapids, Michigan: The Ludann Company. Archived from 5214: 4726: 4709: 3690: 3644: 3627: 2517: 8436: 8410: 8400: 7993: 7903: 7430: 7007: 6909: 6828: 6801: 6769: 6529: 6431: 6396: 6377: 6345: 6226: 5983: 5904: 5832: 5789: 5768:

Robinson BW, Lake RA (October 2005). "Advances in malignant mesothelioma".

5754: 5683: 5642: 5580:

Pass HI, Temeck BK, Kranda K, Steinberg SM, Feuerstein IR (February 1998).

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asbestos worker. The worker had worked in the mill at the asbestos mine in

1961: 1955: 1931: 1634: 1622: 1557: 1505: 1338: 1254: 1242: 1214: 1202: 743:) as a contrast medium, and inhalation of other fibrous silicates, such as 640: 588: 567: 490: 402: 370: 282: 171: 5607: 4120: 3794: 3698: 3612: 3536: 1958:, American actor, died on May 27, 2006, just a few months after diagnosis. 1122: 775:

Diffuse pleural mesothelioma with extensive involvement of the pericardium

8446: 7913: 7808: 7803: 7710: 7506: 7442: 7355: 7193: 7067: 7062: 6962: 6738: 6675: 6327: 5965: 5824: 5781: 5729:"Malignant mesothelioma: global incidence and relationship with asbestos" 4392: 4047:"Mesothelial cells: their structure, function and role in serosal repair" 3469: 3344:

10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(200003)37:3<275::AID-AJIM5>3.0.CO;2-I

2967:

Attanoos RL, Churg A, Galateau-Salle F, Gibbs AR, Roggli VL (June 2018).

1921: 1896: 1799: 1688: 1683: 1615: 1601: 1560: 1415: 1391: 1250: 1246: 1206: 1170: 1047: 797: 785: 378: 334:

Mesothelioma that affects the pleura can cause these signs and symptoms:

286: 263: 232: 220: 175: 119: 53: 6579: 5457: 4951: 3754: 3518: 1703:

or cisplatin—is primarily used to shrink the tumor and is not curative.

1621:

Although mesothelioma is generally resistant to curative treatment with

1432:

Epithelioid mesothelioma is characterized by high levels of calretinin.

8546: 8496: 8466: 8441: 7963: 7953: 7828: 7818: 7798: 7788: 7661: 7300: 7149: 5810: 4285:

Sherr CJ (September 2006). "Divorcing ARF and p53: an unsettled case".

1943: 1843: 1739: 1700: 1664: 1642: 1569: 1528: 1524: 1461: 1378: 1326: 1198: 1174: 1156: 1146: 1126: 998: 994: 956: 949: 900: 871: 841: 832: 828: 805: 793: 789: 740: 677: 669: 612: 584:

Pericardial mesothelioma may not be associated with asbestos exposure.

581:"sentinel" tumor. A history of asbestos exposure exists in most cases. 555: 514: 390: 358: 302: 228: 56: 8187:

Istituto nazionale per l'assicurazione contro gli infortuni sul lavoro

4942: 3654: 3567: 1964:, American football player, announcer, and actor, died March 11, 2010. 788:

consists of a single layer of flattened to cuboidal cells forming the

8267: 8235: 7973: 7783: 7697: 7607: 7226: 7169: 7118: 6686: 3825: 2714:"Asbestosis and environmental causes of usual interstitial pneumonia" 2005: 1892: 1735: 1638: 1435:

Sarcomatous mesothelioma does not express high levels of calretinin.

1384: 1350: 1319: 1018: 962: 875: 854: 824: 668:

activities may expose themselves to asbestos dust. In the UK, use of

457: 298: 182: 83:, swollen abdomen, chest wall pain, cough, feeling tired, weight loss 4512: 4483: 4298: 4093: 3327: 3126: 2570:"Primary pericardial mesothelioma unique case and literature review" 8511: 7998: 7868: 7630: 7620: 6741: 6454:"Wittenoom Chronology - Asbestos Diseases Society of Australia Inc" 4513:

Mangiante, Alcala, Sexton-Oates, Di Genova, Gonzalez-Perez (2023).

4094:

Miserocchi G, Sancini G, Mantegazza F, Chiappino G (January 2008).

3903: 3791:

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. DHHS (NIOSH)

3379: 1010: 919: 880: 744: 719: 711: 559: 538: 484: 255: 251: 144: 124: 112: 68: 6481: 5533:"Radical multimodality therapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma" 5199: 4803:"The eighth TNM classification for malignant pleural mesothelioma" 1078: 7615: 6824: 6797: 6745: 5530: 5282: 5269:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

4927: 4656: 4228:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

4184:

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) (2001).

1884:

Mesothelioma, though rare, has had a number of notable patients:

1493: 1483: 1355: 927: 870:

has shown that phagocytosed fibers are able to make contact with

563: 507: 419: 394: 267: 49: 41: 6634: 5655: 5531:

Abdel-Rahman O, Elsayed Z, Mohamed H, Eltobgy M (January 2018).

2966: 2873: 2260:"Emergent human pathogen simian virus 40 and its role in cancer" 2211:"Malignant pleural mesothelioma: an epidemiological perspective" 239:

may be affected. Signs and symptoms of mesothelioma may include

8297: 7684: 7459: 7410: 7058: 6958: 6950: 6591: 6564: 5847:"Asbestos Litigation Costs and Compensation: An Interim Report" 4889:"MESOMARK: a potential test for malignant pleural mesothelioma" 4754:"Multidisciplinary treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma" 4449:. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. 2665: 1747: 1651: 1646: 1234: 1152: 1111: 1107: 1006: 905: 801: 526: 354: 294: 224: 216: 6733: 5164: 4241: 3888:"Germline BAP1 mutations predispose to malignant mesothelioma" 3807: 3736: 3325: 2316:(3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 669. 1821:

Pericardial mesothelioma has a 10-month median survival time.

1719:). Mesothelioma cells proved susceptible to in vitro lysis by 250:

More than 80% of mesothelioma cases are caused by exposure to

7145: 5167:

International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics

5022: 4469: 4428:

The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas

2039: 1249:). If the cancer is in the abdomen, the doctor may perform a 1115: 1103: 985: 923: 752: 518: 398: 366: 6542:

This article includes information from a public domain U.S.

5486: 5380: 4350: 2933: 2762:"What are the key statistics about malignant mesothelioma?" 2343:"Malignant Mesothelioma Treatment – Patient Version (PDQ®)" 2099:"Malignant Mesothelioma Treatment – Patient Version (PDQ®)" 1343: 1268: 977: 969: 756: 748: 696: 374: 309:

following diagnosis is on average 8% in the United States.

290: 7409: 5023:

Chapman E, Berenstein EG, Diéguez M, Ortiz Z (July 2006).

4447:

Means to an End: Apoptosis and other Cell Death Mechanisms

1754: 1572:-related proteins (SMRPs) released by mesothelioma cells. 1017:, rather than by an overexpression or gain of function in 5579: 5244:"FDA Approves Drug Combination for Treating Mesothelioma" 4886: 3365:

Selikoff IJ (1986). "Occupational Respiratory Diseases".

3055:. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. 1309: 867: 866:

Analysis of the interactions between asbestos fibers and

6158:"FW de Klerk diagnosed with cancer, undergoes treatment" 5082: 4851: 3070:

Dogan U (2003). "Mesothelioma in Cappadocian villages".

1903:

in October 2009 and died on 8 April 2010 in Switzerland.

1746:

that, when combined, decrease tumor growth by enhancing

792:

lining of the serous cavities of the body including the

481:, a disorder causing severe bleeding in many body organs 6248:

ORTIZ V. FIBREBOARD CORP. (97-1704) 527 U.S. 815 (1999)

4984:"Malignant mesothelioma: a clinical study of 238 cases" 4751: 4659:"Evaluation of clonal origin of malignant mesothelioma" 3967:(8th ed.). People's Medical Publishing House USA. 3267: 2825:"Advances in the management of peritoneal mesothelioma" 1641:

chemotherapy alone with a combination of cisplatin and

699:

gene are at higher risk of developing mesothelioma and

7259:

Multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomatosis syndrome

5430: 5331: 4154:"The Junkman's Answer to Terrorism: Use More Asbestos" 3552:"Malignant mesothelioma: facts, myths, and hypotheses" 3369:(12th ed.). Appleton-Century-Crofts. p. 532. 3112: 2950:"Study says Carbon Nanotubes as Dangerous as Asbestos" 2467: 650: 8626: 8210:

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

6180:. No. 29 May 2016. Associated Press. 29 May 2006 4800: 4159:. Center for Media and Democracy: Prwatch.org. 2001. 3940:

Murray & Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine

3549: 2567: 1972:, a well-regarded paleontologist, was diagnosed with 1734:

In October 2020, the FDA approved the combination of

1541:

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

6569: 6309: 4096:"Translocation pathways for inhaled asbestos fibers" 3793:. May 2002. Publication No. 2002-113. Archived from 2969:"Malignant Mesothelioma and Its Non-Asbestos Causes" 1699:

In pericardial mesothelioma, chemotherapy—typically

393:

mesothelioma are abdominal swelling and pain due to

6172:"Paul Gleason, 67, 'Breakfast Club' Actor, Is Dead" 5879:"Epidemiology of peritoneal mesothelioma: a review" 3885: 3625: 3500: 2798:

The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association

2415: 2132: 1193:with a syringe. For pleural fluid, this is done by 52:showing a left sided mesothelioma with an enlarged 8396:Occupational Safety and Health Act (United States) 8181:Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety 7759: 6358: 5662:The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 5586:The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 5437:The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 5238: 5236: 5234: 5232: 3715:. US Environmental Protection Agency. 2013-03-05. 1438:Other morphological subtypes have been described: 6310:Wagner JC, Sleggs CA, Marchand P (October 1960). 5025:"Radiotherapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma" 4801:Berzenji L, Van Schil PE, Carp L (October 2018). 941:due to incorporation of foreign DNA containing a 808:of the lung may result in the penetration of the 8650: 8193:National Institute for Safety and Health at Work 6359:Moore AJ, Parker RJ, Wiggins J (December 2008). 5123: 4752:Ceresoli GL, Gridelli C, Santoro A (July 2007). 4024:(8th ed.). Saunders Elsevier. p. 536. 3937: 422:, or an abnormal buildup of fluid in the abdomen 8241:Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 5229: 5078: 5076: 3938:Broaddus VC, Robinson BW (2010). "Chapter 75". 3598: 3501:Peto J, Seidman H, Selikoff IJ (January 1982). 3432:U.S. Centers for Disease Control and prevention 3010: 2973:Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 2822: 2795: 1225:has greatly enhanced the accuracy of cytology. 1005:is a negative prognostic factor. Expression of 804:cavities. Deposition of asbestos fibers in the 341:Pleural effusion, or fluid surrounding the lung 5726: 3933: 3931: 3050: 331:) are often symptoms of pleural mesothelioma. 8205:Occupational Safety and Health Administration 8155:European Agency for Safety and Health at Work 7745: 7395: 6719: 4506: 3626:Burdorf A, Dahhan M, Swuste P (August 2003). 3263: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3255: 3053:"Erionite: An Emerging North American Hazard" 2823:Raza A, Huang WC, Takabe K (September 2014). 2711: 2337: 2335: 2333: 597:United States Environmental Protection Agency 593:Occupational Safety and Health Administration 503:, or blood clots in the arteries of the lungs 405:, poor appetite, vomiting, constipation, and 5767: 5761: 5073: 4650: 4378: 3962: 3879: 3217: 2411: 2409: 2407: 2257: 2133:Kondola S, Manners D, Nowak AK (June 2016). 1547:of 0.1 asbestos fiber per cubic centimeter. 997:, ranging from haploidy to tetraploidy, and 5537:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 5413:Management of Peritoneal Surface Malignancy 5338:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 5089:European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery 5029:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 4747: 4745: 4019: 3995:(4th ed.). McGraw-Hill. 2008. p. 3928: 3310: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2563: 2463: 2461: 2139:Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease 2093: 2091: 2089: 2087: 2085: 1794:, underlying lung, ipsilateral (same side) 7849:Coalworker's pneumoconiosis ("black lung") 7752: 7738: 7402: 7388: 6726: 6712: 6218:10.1001/virtualmentor.2013.15.1.mnar1-1301 5620: 5431:Ambrogi MC, Bertoglio P, Aprile V (2018). 5409: 5383:Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America 4981: 4342:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4177: 3991:Fishman's Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders 3252: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2707: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2605: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2518:"Malignant Mesothelioma – Patient Version" 2370: 2368: 2330: 2309: 2305: 2303: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2198: 472:Blood clots in the veins, which may cause 365:In severe cases, the person may have many 289:, which involves using substances such as 262:. The diagnosis may be suspected based on 223:). The area most commonly affected is the 40: 6519: 6386: 6376: 6335: 6303: 6216: 5973: 5894: 5744: 5673: 5597: 5556: 5504: 5456: 5357: 5300: 5141: 5100: 5048: 4999: 4950: 4904: 4828: 4818: 4769: 4725: 4684: 4674: 4633: 4538: 4129: 4119: 4062: 3911: 3833: 3762: 3653: 3643: 3575: 3526: 3494: 3477: 3451: 3313:Pathology of Asbestos-associated Diseases 3208: 3051:Weissman D, Kiefer M (22 November 2011). 2984: 2899: 2850: 2840: 2737: 2585: 2493: 2441: 2404: 2283: 2234: 2196: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2182: 2180: 2178: 2158: 2128: 2126: 2124: 2122: 2120: 1470: 6403: 5876: 4742: 4572: 4044: 3364: 2458: 2208: 2082: 2061:Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation 1766: 1151: 1121: 1090:CT scan of a patient with mesothelioma, 1085: 1077: 770: 672:asbestos was banned at the end of 1999. 659: 381:, or spread to other parts of the body. 8375:Immediately dangerous to life or health 6409: 6128:"Survivor sees his illness as a 'gift'" 6125: 6077: 5954:Occupational and Environmental Medicine 5948:Wagner J, Sleggs C, Marchard P (1960). 5720: 4013: 3619: 3458:Occupational and Environmental Medicine 3367:Public Health and Preventative Medicine 3332:American Journal of Industrial Medicine 3223: 2784: 2694: 2602: 2540: 2365: 2300: 1760:Hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy 1755:Hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy 8651: 8562:Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19 7834:Chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy 6316:British Journal of Industrial Medicine 6192: 6026: 5698:"Survival statistics for mesothelioma" 4421: 4327: 3676: 3670: 3315:(2nd ed.). Springer. p. 104. 3059:from the original on 5 September 2015. 3013:Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 2175: 2117: 1874: 915:Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes 686: 479:Disseminated intravascular coagulation 145:examining fluid produced by the cancer 7733: 7579:Basaloid squamous cell lung carcinoma 7383: 6707: 6198: 6138:from the original on 12 November 2014 5526: 5524: 4880: 4707: 4568: 4566: 4444: 4381:Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 4284: 3191: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3183: 3181: 3179: 3177: 3069: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3006: 3004: 2718:Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 2392:from the original on 6 September 2015 2046:involved several court cases against 1909:, American actor, was diagnosed with 369:masses. The individual may develop a 316: 8669:Connective and soft tissue neoplasms 8609: 8252:Working Environment Convention, 1977 6501: 6041:from the original on August 11, 2010 5929:from the original on 30 October 2014 5708:from the original on 6 November 2016 4845: 4607: 4424:"What are telomeres and telomerase?" 4213:from the original on 23 January 2018 952:enzymes, which may be prone to error 8421:Workers' right to access the toilet 6765:Desmoplastic small-round-cell tumor 6287:. Library of Congress. 2015-11-30. 6261:. Library of Congress. 2013-11-14. 5770:The New England Journal of Medicine 4626:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.04.56 3963:Holland-Frei (2010). "Chapter 79". 3942:(5th ed.). Saunders Elsevier. 2892:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2012.07.08 2712:Gulati M, Redlich CA (March 2015). 2227:10.3978/j.issn.2225-319X.2012.11.04 1568:, which measures levels of soluble 751:. Some studies suggest that simian 718:mineral with similar properties to 651:Paraoccupational secondary exposure 487:, or yellowing of the eyes and skin 13: 8492:International Chemical Safety Card 6424:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1962.tb24396.x 6061:"Asbestos 'did not kill' producer" 5998:"McLaren to be buried at Highgate" 5727:Bianchi C, Bianchi T (June 2007). 5592:(2): 310–317, discussion 317–318. 5521: 5117: 4807:Translational Lung Cancer Research 4563: 4186:Toxicological profile for Asbestos 3679:The Annals of Occupational Hygiene 3632:The Annals of Occupational Hygiene 3174: 3039: 3001: 2313:Cancer epidemiology and prevention 2258:Vilchez RA, Butel JS (July 2004). 1260: 766: 517:, these most commonly involve the 225:lining of the lungs and chest wall 14: 8705: 8502:National Day of Mourning (Canada) 8160:International Labour Organization 6842:Aggressive infantile fibromatosis 6554: 6365:Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 6265:from the original on 24 July 2014 5124:Tilleman RT, Richards WG (2009). 4663:Journal of Translational Medicine 4332:(7th ed.). San Francisco, C. 3814:Environmental Health Perspectives 2829:World Journal of Gastroenterology 2772:from the original on 8 April 2016 2528:from the original on 6 April 2016 2353:from the original on 5 April 2016 2105:from the original on 5 April 2016 1397:Epithelial cell adhesion molecule 8636: 8608: 8580: 8579: 7331:Clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney 6495: 6470: 6446: 6412:The Medical Journal of Australia 6352: 6277: 6251: 6242: 6233: 6164: 6150: 6101: 6071: 5635:10.1097/01243894-200602000-00014 5264: 4223: 4064:10.1046/j.1440-1843.2002.00404.x 3601:Journal of Occupational Medicine 3201:Current Intelligence Bulletin 62 2215:Annals of Cardiothoracic Surgery 1879: 1706: 1082:CXR demonstrating a mesothelioma 1060:lymphokine-activated killer cell 1036: 982:epidermal growth factor receptor 861: 350:Wheezing, hoarseness, or a cough 305:. The percentage of people that 7099:Intradermal spindle cell lipoma 6810:Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans 6291:from the original on 2015-09-07 6090:from the original on 2016-11-16 6053: 6020: 6004:. 10 April 2010. Archived from 5990: 5947: 5941: 5911: 5870: 5839: 5804: 5690: 5649: 5614: 5573: 5480: 5424: 5410:Sugarbaker PH (November 1998). 5374: 5325: 5276: 5254:(Press release). 2 October 2020 5193: 5158: 5016: 4975: 4931:International Journal of Cancer 4921: 4794: 4701: 4601: 4463: 4438: 4415: 4372: 4321: 4278: 4235: 4195: 4166:from the original on 2011-10-16 4146: 4087: 4038: 3981: 3956: 3850: 3801: 3779: 3730: 3719:from the original on 2016-06-23 3705: 3592: 3543: 3445: 3417: 3373: 3358: 3319: 3304: 3238:10.1016/j.annepidem.2011.05.010 3149: 3106: 3063: 2960: 2942: 2916: 2867: 2816: 2754: 2510: 1979: 1827: 1629: 1297:) in a membranous distribution 622: 16:Cancer associated with asbestos 8457:Environment, health and safety 8112:Occupational health psychology 7761:Occupational safety and health 6927:Malignant fibrous histiocytoma 6875:Infantile digital fibromatosis 6861:Familial myxovascular fibromas 6857:Diffuse infantile fibromatosis 6201:"The Median Isn't the Message" 6029:"McQueen's Legacy of Laetrile" 5549:10.1002/14651858.CD012605.pub2 5350:10.1002/14651858.CD005574.pub2 5041:10.1002/14651858.CD003880.pub4 4771:10.1634/theoncologist.12-7-850 4203:"Neurofibromatosis Fact Sheet" 4045:Mutsaers SE (September 2002). 3858:"Where can you find asbestos?" 3556:Journal of Cellular Physiology 2938:Mount Sinai Hospital, New York 2251: 1891:, musician and manager of the 1682:Cisplatin in combination with 1371:thyroid transcription factor-1 1136:specimen showing mesothelioma. 1064:platelet-derived growth factor 631:Commercial asbestos mining at 111:c. 40 years after exposure to 1: 8328:Personal protective equipment 8081:Workplace health surveillance 7597:Combined small-cell carcinoma 7559:Salivary gland–like carcinoma 7516:Non-small-cell lung carcinoma 6973:Superficial acral fibromyxoma 6880:Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis 5599:10.1016/S0022-5223(98)70274-0 5395:10.1016/S1055-3207(03)00045-0 4866:10.1016/j.lungcan.2005.03.020 4587:10.1016/j.humpath.2015.02.006 2574:Texas Heart Institute Journal 2486:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1 2434:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 2276:10.1128/CMR.17.3.495-508.2004 2264:Clinical Microbiology Reviews 2209:Robinson BM (November 2012). 2075: 1534: 926:cells, these genes are often 198:60,800 (affected during 2015) 190:c. 8–12% (US; varies by race) 8370:Standard operating procedure 8303:Hierarchy of hazard controls 8056:Hierarchy of hazard controls 7274:Solitary cutaneous leiomyoma 7264:Multiple cutaneous leiomyoma 6985:Ossifying fibromyxoid tumour 6478:"June Hancock Research Fund" 5623:Journal of Thoracic Oncology 5493:Journal of Clinical Oncology 5302:10.1097/JTO.0b013e31817c73d6 5289:Journal of Thoracic Oncology 5250:Food and Drug Administration 5203:Journal of Clinical Oncology 5179:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.03.012 4906:10.1373/clinchem.2006.079327 3072:Indoor and Built Environment 2730:10.1097/MCP.0000000000000144 1998: 1809: 1677:Food and Drug Administration 1608: 1575: 1550: 1073: 1028:in origin, by performing an 1003:AXL receptor tyrosine kinase 633:Wittenoom, Western Australia 463: 428:Problems with bowel function 389:The most common symptoms of 7: 8679:Infectious causes of cancer 8507:NIOSH air filtration rating 8199:Health and Safety Executive 8107:Occupational health nursing 8071:Occupational exposure limit 7909:Hospital-acquired infection 7874:Exposure to human nail dust 7533:Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma 7453:Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma 6922:Benign fibrous histiocytoma 5675:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2004.02.021 5449:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.10.070 5143:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.02.046 5102:10.1016/j.ejcts.2007.09.044 4982:Haber SE, Haber JM (2011). 4614:Journal of Thoracic Disease 3452:Hillerdal G (August 1999). 3425:"NIOSH Working Group Paper" 3025:10.1016/j.yrtph.2007.11.001 2880:Journal of Thoracic Disease 2054: 1924:, record producer, died of 1423: 1295:epithelial membrane antigen 779: 729:National Toxicology Program 706: 605:Health and Safety Executive 548: 158:Decreased asbestos exposure 127:, possibly, infection with 10: 8710: 8567:Workplace health promotion 8472:Hawks Nest Tunnel disaster 8246:Worker Protection Standard 7949:Noise-induced hearing loss 7202:Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma 6780:Connective tissue neoplasm 4531:10.1038/s41588-023-01321-1 4020:Maitra A, Kumar V (2007). 2680:10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.05.001 2101:. NCI. September 4, 2015. 2058: 1983: 1865: 1587: 1545:recommended exposure limit 1511: 1460:Cartilaginous and osseous 1205:or ascitic drain; and for 1163: 1068:transforming growth factor 1053:Asbestos also may possess 609:dose–response relationship 384: 237:sac surrounding the testis 8575: 8429: 8383: 8260: 8223: 8173: 8165:World Health Organization 8147: 8135: 8089: 8076:Occupational epidemiology 8061:Prevention through design 8012: 7919:Laboratory animal allergy 7844:Chimney sweeps' carcinoma 7819:Byssinosis ("brown lung") 7767: 7709: 7683: 7652:Solitary pulmonary nodule 7639: 7605: 7587: 7539:Large-cell lung carcinoma 7514: 7505: 7487: 7478: 7421: 7354: 7326:Malignant rhabdoid tumour 7293:Complex mixed and stromal 7291: 7222: 7214:Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma 7182: 7158: 7136: 7127: 7049: 7021: 6993: 6949: 6908: 6823: 6796: 6787: 6778: 6752: 6666: 6573: 6544:National Cancer Institute 6113:The Sydney Morning Herald 6078:Bradley PT (2016-07-05). 5919:"Mesothelioma statistics" 4676:10.1186/s12967-014-0301-3 4256:10.1038/modpathol.2008.45 3743:British Journal of Cancer 3507:British Journal of Cancer 3395:10.1080/00313020400010955 3282:10.1080/01913120252959227 3270:Ultrastructural Pathology 2986:10.5858/arpa.2017-0365-RA 2842:10.3748/wjg.v20.i33.11700 1527:involvement, and distant 1228: 990:receptor tyrosine kinases 532: 442:constrictive pericarditis 233:sac surrounding the heart 202: 194: 181: 162: 154: 134: 118: 107: 99: 87: 74: 62: 48: 39: 31: 26: 8482:Hostile work environment 8462:Environmental toxicology 8355:Redundancy (engineering) 7969:Repetitive strain injury 7569:Papillary adenocarcinoma 7470:Laryngeal papillomatosis 7448:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma 6865:Fibroma of tendon sheath 6504:"Mesothelioma: a review" 6458:asbestosdiseases.org.au/ 6361:"Malignant mesothelioma" 6126:Branley A (7 May 2013). 6027:Lerner BH (2005-11-15). 5877:Boffetta P (June 2007). 5746:10.2486/indhealth.45.379 5506:10.1200/JCO.2005.04.6813 5001:10.2486/indhealth.MS1147 4820:10.21037/tlcr.2018.07.05 4708:Weder W (October 2010). 3210:10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011159 3084:10.1177/1420326X03039065 2668:Cancer Treatment Reviews 2151:10.1177/1753465816628800 2044:Armley asbestos disaster 1723:following activation by 1713:Bacillus Calmette-Guérin 1364:human mesothelial cell 1 1302:carcinoembryonic antigen 1114:, (8) right kidney, (9) 874:, often adhering to the 831:than "feathery fibers" ( 827:fibers) are more potent 734: 513:If a mesothelioma forms 435: 321: 8527:Quality of working life 8313:Administrative controls 7564:Adenosquamous carcinoma 7524:Squamous-cell carcinoma 6895:Oral submucous fibrosis 6837:Aggressive fibromatosis 6753:Not otherwise specified 5215:10.1200/JCO.2003.11.136 4362:Kimball's Biology Pages 4022:Robbins Basic Pathology 2766:American Cancer Society 2027:magazine. In 1978, the 1974:peritoneal mesothelioma 1926:peritoneal mesothelioma 1911:peritoneal mesothelioma 1901:peritoneal mesothelioma 1407:Estrogen receptor alpha 1255:open surgical procedure 1169:performed, followed by 844:and other cells of the 840:significant numbers of 814:peritoneal mesothelioma 285:. A procedure known as 258:and infection with the 8122:Occupational therapist 8102:Industrial engineering 7894:Glassblower's cataract 7859:Decompression sickness 7701:solitary fibrous tumor 6937:Solitary fibrous tumor 6932:Atypical fibroxanthoma 6378:10.1186/1750-1172-3-34 4860:(Suppl 1): S109–S111. 4328:Wilbur B, ed. (2009). 4287:Nature Reviews. Cancer 3713:"Learn About Asbestos" 3434:. 1980. Archived from 3226:Annals of Epidemiology 3115:Nature Reviews. Cancer 3019:(1 Suppl): S110–S115. 2310:Whittemore AS (2006). 2023:Home?" in Australia's 1523:of the primary tumor, 1498:Metastatic clear cell 1471:Differential diagnosis 1197:or tube thoracostomy ( 1160: 1137: 1119: 1083: 1015:tumor suppressor genes 888:tumor suppressor genes 776: 35:Malignant mesothelioma 8684:Occupational diseases 8592:Occupational diseases 8557:Workers' compensation 8117:Occupational medicine 7979:Silo-filler's disease 7944:Mule spinners' cancer 7549:Sarcomatoid carcinoma 7436:Esthesioneuroblastoma 7311:Mixed Müllerian tumor 6205:AMA Journal of Ethics 5896:10.1093/annonc/mdl345 4727:10.1093/annonc/mdq471 4330:The World of the Cell 4121:10.1186/1476-069X-7-4 3691:10.1093/annhyg/16.1.1 3645:10.1093/annhyg/meg062 2349:. September 4, 2015. 1899:, was diagnosed with 1856: 1780:cytoreductive surgery 1767:Multimodality therapy 1744:monoclonal antibodies 1201:); for ascites, with 1155: 1125: 1089: 1081: 774: 660:Asbestos in buildings 425:A mass in the abdomen 373:, or collapse of the 293:to scar together the 245:fluid around the lung 229:lining of the abdomen 94:Fluid around the lung 8318:Engineering controls 8293:Emergency evacuation 8097:Environmental health 7864:De Quervain syndrome 7854:Concussions in sport 7589:Small-cell carcinoma 7574:Giant-cell carcinoma 7316:Mesoblastic nephroma 6885:Plantar fibromatosis 6815:Desmoplastic fibroma 6328:10.1136/oem.17.4.260 6115:. 25 September 2004. 5966:10.1136/oem.17.4.260 5825:10.1148/rg.336135512 5782:10.1056/NEJMra050152 5704:. 17 February 2016. 4720:(7): vii326–vii333. 4608:Reid G (June 2015). 4422:Shay JW, Wright WE. 4393:10.1038/nrm.2016.177 4100:Environmental Health 3470:10.1136/oem.56.8.505 2480:(10053): 1459–1544. 2428:(10053): 1545–1602. 1986:Asbestos and the law 1500:renal cell carcinoma 1273:immunohistochemistry 1223:immunohistochemistry 1181:(or CAT) scan or an 619:months of exposure. 357:(fluid) coughed up ( 227:. Less commonly the 8452:Effects of overtime 8335:Job safety analysis 8323:Hazard substitution 8288:Emergency procedure 8066:Exposure assessment 8051:Occupational stress 8044:Psychosocial hazard 8024:Occupational hazard 7889:Flock worker's lung 7667:Bronchial leiomyoma 7306:Pleomorphic adenoma 7114:Spindle cell lipoma 6914:histiocytic sarcoma 6890:Pleomorphic fibroma 6852:Collagenous fibroma 6847:Aponeurotic fibroma 6760:Soft-tissue sarcoma 6508:The Ochsner Journal 6109:"Lives in the dust" 5443:(4): 1857–1866.e2. 4209:. 3 February 2016. 4112:2008EnvHe...7....4M 3755:10.1038/bjc.2012.23 3519:10.1038/bjc.1982.15 2954:Scientific American 2835:(33): 11700–11712. 2048:Turner & Newall 2012:from 1948 to 1950. 1875:Society and culture 1673:lung function tests 1277: 1175:lung function tests 687:Genetic disposition 241:shortness of breath 81:Shortness of breath 8674:Diseases of pleura 8487:Indoor air quality 8391:Diving regulations 8308:Hazard elimination 8127:Safety engineering 7719:Mediastinal tumors 7544:Rhabdoid carcinoma 7269:Neural fibrolipoma 7244:Angiolipoleiomyoma 7207:Sarcoma botryoides 7104:Pleomorphic lipoma 7073:Myxoid liposarcoma 7037:Clear-cell sarcoma 6870:Fibromatosis colli 6667:External resources 6177:The New York Times 6034:The New York Times 5923:Cancer Research UK 5883:Annals of Oncology 5389:(3): 605–621, xi. 4893:Clinical Chemistry 4714:Annals of Oncology 2029:Western Australian 1798:, and ipsilateral 1772:Multimodal therapy 1521:TNM classification 1269: 1257:may be necessary. 1211:pericardiocentesis 1161: 1138: 1120: 1084: 777: 501:Pulmonary embolism 450:pulmonary embolism 377:. The disease may 317:Signs and symptoms 307:survive five years 188:Five year survival 8624: 8623: 8537:Safety data sheet 8350:Operations manual 8231:Bangladesh Accord 8219: 8218: 8029:Biological hazard 7727: 7726: 7679: 7678: 7675: 7674: 7626:Immature teratoma 7415:respiratory tract 7377: 7376: 7369:Adenomatoid tumor 7341:Pancreatoblastoma 7287: 7286: 7249:Genital leiomyoma 7109:Lipoblastomatosis 7045: 7044: 6945: 6944: 6900:Pachydermodactyly 6701: 6700: 6199:Gould SJ (2013). 5776:(15): 1591–1603. 5733:Industrial Health 5499:(10): 1561–1567. 5209:(14): 2636–2644. 4988:Industrial Health 4943:10.1002/ijc.32419 4456:978-0-87969-888-1 4434:on 10 March 2008. 4031:978-1-4160-2973-1 4006:978-0-07-145739-2 3974:978-1-60795-014-1 3949:978-1-4160-4710-0 3898:(10): 1022–1025. 3820:(14): 1753–1759. 3568:10.1002/jcp.22724 2323:978-0-19-974797-9 1970:Stephen Jay Gould 1466:Lymphohistiocytic 1421: 1420: 1189:if this fluid is 1055:immunosuppressive 895:Neurofibromatosis 693:germline mutation 529:, or other lung. 454:cardiac tamponade 347:Fatigue or anemia 279:radiation therapy 210: 209: 168:radiation therapy 136:Diagnostic method 21:Medical condition 8701: 8689:Pleura neoplasia 8641: 8640: 8639: 8632: 8612: 8611: 8583: 8582: 8278:Contingency plan 8273:Code of practice 8145: 8144: 7939:Metal fume fever 7754: 7747: 7740: 7731: 7730: 7512: 7511: 7485: 7484: 7465:Laryngeal cancer 7404: 7397: 7390: 7381: 7380: 7198:rhabdomyosarcoma 7187: 7163: 7139: 7134: 7133: 7094:Chondroid lipoma 7032:Synovial sarcoma 6968:Cutaneous myxoma 6794: 6793: 6785: 6784: 6728: 6721: 6714: 6705: 6704: 6571: 6570: 6534: 6533: 6523: 6502:Mott FE (2012). 6499: 6493: 6492: 6490: 6489: 6480:. Archived from 6474: 6468: 6467: 6465: 6464: 6450: 6444: 6443: 6407: 6401: 6400: 6390: 6380: 6356: 6350: 6349: 6339: 6307: 6301: 6300: 6298: 6296: 6281: 6275: 6274: 6272: 6270: 6255: 6249: 6246: 6240: 6237: 6231: 6230: 6220: 6196: 6190: 6189: 6187: 6185: 6168: 6162: 6161: 6154: 6148: 6147: 6145: 6143: 6123: 6117: 6116: 6105: 6099: 6098: 6096: 6095: 6075: 6069: 6068: 6057: 6051: 6050: 6048: 6046: 6024: 6018: 6017: 6015: 6013: 5994: 5988: 5987: 5977: 5945: 5939: 5938: 5936: 5934: 5915: 5909: 5908: 5898: 5874: 5868: 5867: 5865: 5864: 5858: 5852:. Archived from 5851: 5843: 5837: 5836: 5819:(6): 1613–1630. 5808: 5802: 5801: 5765: 5759: 5758: 5748: 5724: 5718: 5717: 5715: 5713: 5694: 5688: 5687: 5677: 5653: 5647: 5646: 5618: 5612: 5611: 5601: 5577: 5571: 5570: 5560: 5528: 5519: 5518: 5508: 5484: 5478: 5477: 5475: 5473: 5460: 5428: 5422: 5421: 5406: 5378: 5372: 5371: 5361: 5329: 5323: 5322: 5304: 5280: 5274: 5268: 5267: 5263: 5261: 5259: 5240: 5227: 5226: 5197: 5191: 5190: 5162: 5156: 5155: 5145: 5121: 5115: 5114: 5104: 5080: 5071: 5070: 5052: 5020: 5014: 5013: 5003: 4979: 4973: 4972: 4954: 4925: 4919: 4918: 4908: 4884: 4878: 4877: 4849: 4843: 4842: 4832: 4822: 4798: 4792: 4791: 4773: 4749: 4740: 4739: 4729: 4705: 4699: 4698: 4688: 4678: 4654: 4648: 4647: 4637: 4620:(6): 1031–1040. 4605: 4599: 4598: 4570: 4561: 4560: 4542: 4510: 4504: 4503: 4467: 4461: 4460: 4445:Green D (2011). 4442: 4436: 4435: 4430:. Archived from 4419: 4413: 4412: 4376: 4370: 4369: 4364:. Archived from 4354: 4348: 4347: 4341: 4333: 4325: 4319: 4318: 4282: 4276: 4275: 4244:Modern Pathology 4239: 4233: 4227: 4226: 4222: 4220: 4218: 4199: 4193: 4192: 4190: 4181: 4175: 4174: 4172: 4171: 4165: 4158: 4150: 4144: 4143: 4133: 4123: 4091: 4085: 4084: 4066: 4042: 4036: 4035: 4017: 4011: 4010: 3994: 3985: 3979: 3978: 3960: 3954: 3953: 3935: 3926: 3925: 3915: 3883: 3877: 3876: 3874: 3873: 3864:. Archived from 3854: 3848: 3847: 3837: 3826:10.1289/ehp.6346 3805: 3799: 3798: 3783: 3777: 3776: 3766: 3749:(5): 1016–1020. 3734: 3728: 3727: 3725: 3724: 3709: 3703: 3702: 3674: 3668: 3667: 3657: 3647: 3623: 3617: 3616: 3596: 3590: 3589: 3579: 3547: 3541: 3540: 3530: 3498: 3492: 3491: 3481: 3449: 3443: 3442: 3440: 3429: 3421: 3415: 3414: 3377: 3371: 3370: 3362: 3356: 3355: 3323: 3317: 3316: 3308: 3302: 3301: 3265: 3250: 3249: 3221: 3215: 3214: 3212: 3203:. 10 July 2020. 3193: 3172: 3171: 3169: 3167: 3161: 3153: 3147: 3146: 3110: 3104: 3103: 3067: 3061: 3060: 3048: 3037: 3036: 3008: 2999: 2998: 2988: 2964: 2958: 2957: 2946: 2940: 2936:; accessed from 2931: 2926:. Archived from 2924:"EBSCO database" 2920: 2914: 2913: 2903: 2871: 2865: 2864: 2854: 2844: 2820: 2814: 2813: 2793: 2782: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2758: 2752: 2751: 2741: 2709: 2692: 2691: 2663: 2600: 2599: 2589: 2565: 2538: 2537: 2535: 2533: 2524:. January 1980. 2514: 2508: 2507: 2497: 2465: 2456: 2455: 2445: 2413: 2402: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2391: 2380: 2372: 2363: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2339: 2328: 2327: 2307: 2298: 2297: 2287: 2255: 2249: 2248: 2238: 2206: 2173: 2172: 2162: 2130: 2115: 2114: 2112: 2110: 2095: 1792:visceral pleurae 1729:interferon alpha 1489:Synovial sarcoma 1278: 1096:pleural effusion 1011:loss of function 818:lymphatic system 543:carbon nanotubes 496:Pleural effusion 474:thrombophlebitis 407:umbilical hernia 329:pleural effusion 44: 24: 23: 8709: 8708: 8704: 8703: 8702: 8700: 8699: 8698: 8649: 8648: 8647: 8637: 8635: 8627: 8625: 8620: 8571: 8552:Toxic workplace 8532:Risk management 8425: 8379: 8360:Risk assessment 8256: 8215: 8169: 8140: 8131: 8085: 8039:Physical hazard 8034:Chemical hazard 8015: 8008: 7773: 7770: 7763: 7758: 7728: 7723: 7705: 7671: 7662:Peripheral lung 7635: 7601: 7583: 7501: 7474: 7417: 7408: 7378: 7373: 7350: 7283: 7218: 7185:Skeletal muscle 7183: 7178: 7159: 7154: 7137: 7123: 7041: 7017: 7013:Phyllodes tumor 6995:Fibroepithelial 6989: 6941: 6904: 6819: 6774: 6748: 6732: 6702: 6697: 6696: 6662: 6661: 6582: 6557: 6538: 6537: 6500: 6496: 6487: 6485: 6476: 6475: 6471: 6462: 6460: 6452: 6451: 6447: 6408: 6404: 6357: 6353: 6308: 6304: 6294: 6292: 6283: 6282: 6278: 6268: 6266: 6257: 6256: 6252: 6247: 6243: 6238: 6234: 6197: 6193: 6183: 6181: 6170: 6169: 6165: 6156: 6155: 6151: 6141: 6139: 6124: 6120: 6107: 6106: 6102: 6093: 6091: 6076: 6072: 6067:. 10 June 2003. 6059: 6058: 6054: 6044: 6042: 6025: 6021: 6011: 6009: 6002:The Independent 5996: 5995: 5991: 5946: 5942: 5932: 5930: 5917: 5916: 5912: 5875: 5871: 5862: 5860: 5856: 5849: 5845: 5844: 5840: 5809: 5805: 5766: 5762: 5725: 5721: 5711: 5709: 5696: 5695: 5691: 5654: 5650: 5619: 5615: 5578: 5574: 5543:(1): CD012605. 5529: 5522: 5485: 5481: 5471: 5469: 5429: 5425: 5408:Online manual: 5407: 5379: 5375: 5344:(1): CD005574. 5330: 5326: 5281: 5277: 5265: 5257: 5255: 5242: 5241: 5230: 5198: 5194: 5163: 5159: 5122: 5118: 5081: 5074: 5035:(3): CD003880. 5021: 5017: 4980: 4976: 4926: 4922: 4885: 4881: 4850: 4846: 4799: 4795: 4750: 4743: 4706: 4702: 4655: 4651: 4606: 4602: 4575:Human Pathology 4571: 4564: 4519:Nature Genetics 4511: 4507: 4484:10.1038/ng.3520 4472:Nature Genetics 4468: 4464: 4457: 4443: 4439: 4420: 4416: 4377: 4373: 4356: 4355: 4351: 4335: 4334: 4326: 4322: 4299:10.1038/nrc1954 4283: 4279: 4240: 4236: 4224: 4216: 4214: 4201: 4200: 4196: 4188: 4182: 4178: 4169: 4167: 4163: 4156: 4152: 4151: 4147: 4092: 4088: 4043: 4039: 4032: 4018: 4014: 4007: 3987: 3986: 3982: 3975: 3965:Cancer Medicine 3961: 3957: 3950: 3936: 3929: 3892:Nature Genetics 3884: 3880: 3871: 3869: 3856: 3855: 3851: 3806: 3802: 3785: 3784: 3780: 3735: 3731: 3722: 3720: 3711: 3710: 3706: 3675: 3671: 3624: 3620: 3597: 3593: 3548: 3544: 3499: 3495: 3450: 3446: 3438: 3427: 3423: 3422: 3418: 3378: 3374: 3363: 3359: 3324: 3320: 3309: 3305: 3266: 3253: 3222: 3218: 3195: 3194: 3175: 3165: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3154: 3150: 3127:10.1038/nrc2068 3111: 3107: 3068: 3064: 3049: 3040: 3009: 3002: 2965: 2961: 2948: 2947: 2943: 2922: 2921: 2917: 2872: 2868: 2821: 2817: 2804:(12): 699–704. 2794: 2785: 2775: 2773: 2760: 2759: 2755: 2710: 2695: 2664: 2603: 2566: 2541: 2531: 2529: 2516: 2515: 2511: 2466: 2459: 2414: 2405: 2395: 2393: 2389: 2378: 2374: 2373: 2366: 2356: 2354: 2341: 2340: 2331: 2324: 2308: 2301: 2256: 2252: 2207: 2176: 2131: 2118: 2108: 2106: 2097: 2096: 2083: 2078: 2063: 2057: 2015:In the town of 2001: 1988: 1982: 1889:Malcolm McLaren 1882: 1877: 1868: 1859: 1830: 1812: 1769: 1757: 1709: 1669:quality of life 1661: 1657: 1632: 1611: 1590: 1578: 1553: 1537: 1514: 1473: 1426: 1263: 1261:Immunochemistry 1231: 1166: 1092:coronal section 1076: 1039: 939:proto-oncogenes 934:at high levels. 897:type 2 at 22q12 864: 810:visceral pleura 782: 769: 767:Pathophysiology 759:) may act as a 737: 709: 689: 662: 653: 625: 595:(OSHA) and the 551: 535: 491:Low blood sugar 466: 438: 387: 338:Chest wall pain 324: 319: 274:of the cancer. 260:simian virus 40 231:and rarely the 141:Medical imaging 129:simian virus 40 22: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8707: 8697: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8646: 8645: 8622: 8621: 8619: 8618: 8606: 8605: 8604: 8599: 8594: 8576: 8573: 8572: 8570: 8569: 8564: 8559: 8554: 8549: 8544: 8542:Source control 8539: 8534: 8529: 8524: 8519: 8517:Process safety 8514: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8494: 8489: 8484: 8479: 8477:Health physics 8474: 8469: 8464: 8459: 8454: 8449: 8444: 8439: 8433: 8431: 8427: 8426: 8424: 8423: 8418: 8408: 8398: 8393: 8387: 8385: 8381: 8380: 8378: 8377: 8372: 8367: 8365:Safety culture 8362: 8357: 8352: 8347: 8345:Permit To Work 8342: 8340:Lockout-tagout 8337: 8332: 8331: 8330: 8325: 8320: 8315: 8310: 8300: 8295: 8290: 8285: 8280: 8275: 8270: 8264: 8262: 8258: 8257: 8255: 8254: 8249: 8243: 8238: 8233: 8227: 8225: 8221: 8220: 8217: 8216: 8214: 8213: 8207: 8202: 8196: 8190: 8184: 8177: 8175: 8171: 8170: 8168: 8167: 8162: 8157: 8151: 8149: 8142: 8133: 8132: 8130: 8129: 8124: 8119: 8114: 8109: 8104: 8099: 8093: 8091: 8087: 8086: 8084: 8083: 8078: 8073: 8068: 8063: 8058: 8053: 8048: 8047: 8046: 8041: 8036: 8031: 8020: 8018: 8010: 8009: 8007: 8006: 8004:Writer's cramp 8001: 7996: 7991: 7986: 7981: 7976: 7971: 7966: 7961: 7959:Pneumoconiosis 7956: 7951: 7946: 7941: 7936: 7931: 7926: 7924:Lead poisoning 7921: 7916: 7911: 7906: 7901: 7899:Golfer's elbow 7896: 7891: 7886: 7884:Fiddler's neck 7881: 7876: 7871: 7866: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7846: 7841: 7839:Chronic stress 7836: 7831: 7826: 7824:Cardiovascular 7821: 7816: 7811: 7806: 7801: 7796: 7791: 7786: 7780: 7778: 7765: 7764: 7757: 7756: 7749: 7742: 7734: 7725: 7724: 7722: 7721: 7715: 7713: 7707: 7706: 7704: 7703: 7695: 7689: 7687: 7681: 7680: 7677: 7676: 7673: 7672: 7670: 7669: 7664: 7659: 7654: 7649: 7647:Pancoast tumor 7643: 7641: 7637: 7636: 7634: 7633: 7628: 7623: 7618: 7612: 7610: 7603: 7602: 7600: 7599: 7593: 7591: 7585: 7584: 7582: 7581: 7576: 7571: 7566: 7561: 7556: 7551: 7546: 7541: 7536: 7529:Adenocarcinoma 7526: 7520: 7518: 7509: 7503: 7502: 7500: 7499: 7497:Tracheal tumor 7493: 7491: 7482: 7476: 7475: 7473: 7472: 7467: 7462: 7456: 7455: 7450: 7445: 7439: 7438: 7433: 7427: 7425: 7419: 7418: 7413:involving the 7407: 7406: 7399: 7392: 7384: 7375: 7374: 7372: 7371: 7366: 7360: 7358: 7352: 7351: 7349: 7348: 7346:Carcinosarcoma 7343: 7338: 7336:Hepatoblastoma 7333: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7297: 7295: 7289: 7288: 7285: 7284: 7282: 7281: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7254:Leiomyosarcoma 7251: 7246: 7241: 7239:Angioleiomyoma 7236: 7235: 7234: 7223: 7220: 7219: 7217: 7216: 7211: 7210: 7209: 7190: 7188: 7180: 7179: 7177: 7176: 7174:leiomyosarcoma 7166: 7164: 7156: 7155: 7153: 7152: 7142: 7140: 7131: 7125: 7124: 7122: 7121: 7116: 7111: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7090: 7089: 7088: 7087: 7085:Angiomyolipoma 7077: 7076: 7075: 7070: 7055: 7053: 7047: 7046: 7043: 7042: 7040: 7039: 7034: 7028: 7026: 7019: 7018: 7016: 7015: 7010: 7005: 7003:Brenner tumour 6999: 6997: 6991: 6990: 6988: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6976: 6975: 6970: 6955: 6953: 6947: 6946: 6943: 6942: 6940: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6918: 6916: 6906: 6905: 6903: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6862: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6839: 6833: 6831: 6821: 6820: 6818: 6817: 6812: 6806: 6804: 6791: 6782: 6776: 6775: 6773: 6772: 6767: 6762: 6756: 6754: 6750: 6749: 6731: 6730: 6723: 6716: 6708: 6699: 6698: 6695: 6694: 6683: 6671: 6670: 6668: 6664: 6663: 6660: 6659: 6648: 6637: 6626: 6614: 6599: 6583: 6578: 6577: 6575: 6574:Classification 6568: 6567: 6556: 6555:External links 6553: 6552: 6551: 6536: 6535: 6494: 6469: 6445: 6418:(2): 953–954. 6402: 6351: 6322:(4): 260–271. 6302: 6276: 6250: 6241: 6232: 6191: 6163: 6149: 6118: 6100: 6070: 6052: 6019: 5989: 5960:(4): 260–271. 5940: 5925:. 2015-05-14. 5910: 5889:(6): 985–990. 5869: 5838: 5803: 5760: 5739:(3): 379–387. 5719: 5702:www.cancer.org 5689: 5668:(1): 138–146. 5648: 5629:(2): 175–176. 5613: 5572: 5520: 5479: 5423: 5420:on 2005-12-28. 5373: 5324: 5295:(7): 756–763. 5275: 5228: 5192: 5173:(3): 640–645. 5157: 5116: 5095:(2): 307–313. 5072: 5015: 4994:(2): 166–172. 4974: 4937:(1): 192–207. 4920: 4899:(4): 666–672. 4879: 4844: 4813:(5): 543–549. 4793: 4764:(7): 850–863. 4758:The Oncologist 4741: 4710:"Mesothelioma" 4700: 4649: 4600: 4581:(6): 789–804. 4562: 4525:(4): 607–618. 4505: 4478:(4): 407–416. 4462: 4455: 4437: 4414: 4387:(5): 315–330. 4371: 4368:on 2017-12-31. 4349: 4320: 4293:(9): 663–673. 4277: 4250:(6): 742–747. 4234: 4194: 4176: 4145: 4086: 4057:(3): 171–191. 4037: 4030: 4012: 4005: 3980: 3973: 3955: 3948: 3927: 3904:10.1038/ng.912 3878: 3862:www.hse.gov.uk 3849: 3800: 3797:on 2017-06-19. 3778: 3729: 3704: 3669: 3638:(6): 485–492. 3618: 3607:(7): 718–721. 3591: 3542: 3513:(1): 124–135. 3493: 3464:(8): 505–513. 3444: 3441:on 2017-06-18. 3416: 3389:(6): 517–550. 3372: 3357: 3338:(3): 275–282. 3318: 3303: 3251: 3232:(9): 688–697. 3216: 3173: 3148: 3121:(2): 147–154. 3105: 3078:(6): 367–375. 3062: 3038: 3000: 2979:(6): 753–760. 2959: 2941: 2930:on 2012-05-12. 2915: 2886:(2): E35–E37. 2866: 2815: 2783: 2768:. 2016-02-17. 2753: 2724:(2): 193–200. 2693: 2674:(6): 486–495. 2601: 2580:(2): 261–264. 2539: 2509: 2457: 2403: 2364: 2329: 2322: 2299: 2270:(3): 495–508. 2250: 2221:(4): 491–496. 2174: 2145:(3): 275–288. 2116: 2080: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2056: 2053: 2042:, England the 2000: 1997: 1984:Main article: 1981: 1978: 1966: 1965: 1959: 1953: 1950:F. W. De Klerk 1947: 1941: 1935: 1929: 1919: 1916:Juárez, Mexico 1904: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1873: 1867: 1864: 1858: 1855: 1829: 1826: 1811: 1808: 1768: 1765: 1756: 1753: 1738:(Opdivo) with 1717:bladder cancer 1708: 1705: 1659: 1655: 1631: 1628: 1610: 1607: 1589: 1586: 1577: 1574: 1566:Mesomark assay 1552: 1549: 1536: 1533: 1513: 1510: 1509: 1508: 1502: 1496: 1491: 1486: 1480: 1478:adenocarcinoma 1472: 1469: 1468: 1467: 1464: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1443: 1425: 1422: 1419: 1418: 1413: 1410: 1409: 1404: 1401: 1400: 1394: 1388: 1387: 1382: 1375: 1374: 1367: 1359: 1358: 1353: 1347: 1346: 1341: 1335: 1334: 1329: 1323: 1322: 1317: 1306: 1305: 1298: 1290: 1289: 1284: 1262: 1259: 1230: 1227: 1209:effusion with 1165: 1162: 1143:lung carcinoma 1075: 1072: 1038: 1035: 1030:X-inactivation 966: 965: 961:Prevention of 959: 955:Activation of 953: 948:Activation of 946: 937:Activation of 935: 918:Activation of 916: 909: 908: 903: 898: 863: 860: 781: 778: 768: 765: 736: 733: 725:road surfacing 708: 705: 701:uveal melanoma 688: 685: 661: 658: 652: 649: 624: 621: 550: 547: 534: 531: 511: 510: 504: 498: 493: 488: 482: 476: 465: 462: 437: 434: 433: 432: 429: 426: 423: 417: 416:Abdominal pain 386: 383: 363: 362: 351: 348: 345: 342: 339: 323: 320: 318: 315: 208: 207: 204: 200: 199: 196: 192: 191: 185: 179: 178: 164: 160: 159: 156: 152: 151: 138: 132: 131: 122: 116: 115: 109: 105: 104: 101: 97: 96: 91: 85: 84: 78: 72: 71: 66: 60: 59: 46: 45: 37: 36: 33: 29: 28: 20: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8706: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8656: 8654: 8644: 8634: 8633: 8630: 8617: 8616: 8607: 8603: 8602:Organizations 8600: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8590: 8589: 8588: 8587: 8578: 8577: 8574: 8568: 8565: 8563: 8560: 8558: 8555: 8553: 8550: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8522:Public health 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8495: 8493: 8490: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8473: 8470: 8468: 8465: 8463: 8460: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8438: 8435: 8434: 8432: 8428: 8422: 8419: 8416: 8415:United States 8412: 8409: 8406: 8405:United States 8402: 8399: 8397: 8394: 8392: 8389: 8388: 8386: 8382: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8353: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8329: 8326: 8324: 8321: 8319: 8316: 8314: 8311: 8309: 8306: 8305: 8304: 8301: 8299: 8296: 8294: 8291: 8289: 8286: 8284: 8283:Diving safety 8281: 8279: 8276: 8274: 8271: 8269: 8266: 8265: 8263: 8259: 8253: 8250: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8228: 8226: 8222: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8200: 8197: 8194: 8191: 8188: 8185: 8182: 8179: 8178: 8176: 8172: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8152: 8150: 8148:International 8146: 8143: 8141:organizations 8138: 8134: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8110: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8095: 8094: 8092: 8088: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8052: 8049: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8026: 8025: 8022: 8021: 8019: 8017: 8014:Occupational 8011: 8005: 8002: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7992: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7984:Sports injury 7982: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7965: 7962: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7952: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7929:Low back pain 7927: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7900: 7897: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7879:Farmer's lung 7877: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7781: 7779: 7777: 7772: 7769:Occupational 7766: 7762: 7755: 7750: 7748: 7743: 7741: 7736: 7735: 7732: 7720: 7717: 7716: 7714: 7712: 7708: 7702: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7690: 7688: 7686: 7682: 7668: 7665: 7663: 7660: 7658: 7655: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7645: 7644: 7642: 7638: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7613: 7611: 7609: 7604: 7598: 7595: 7594: 7592: 7590: 7586: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7567: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7534: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7521: 7519: 7517: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7504: 7498: 7495: 7494: 7492: 7490: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7477: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7457: 7454: 7451: 7449: 7446: 7444: 7441: 7440: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7428: 7426: 7424: 7420: 7416: 7412: 7405: 7400: 7398: 7393: 7391: 7386: 7385: 7382: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7362: 7361: 7359: 7357: 7353: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7298: 7296: 7294: 7290: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7233: 7230: 7229: 7228: 7225: 7224: 7221: 7215: 7212: 7208: 7205: 7204: 7203: 7199: 7195: 7192: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7181: 7175: 7171: 7168: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7161:Smooth muscle 7157: 7151: 7147: 7144: 7143: 7141: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7126: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7091: 7086: 7083: 7082: 7081: 7078: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7065: 7064: 7060: 7057: 7056: 7054: 7052: 7048: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7020: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 7000: 6998: 6996: 6992: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6965: 6964: 6960: 6957: 6956: 6954: 6952: 6948: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6919: 6917: 6915: 6911: 6907: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6834: 6832: 6830: 6826: 6822: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6807: 6805: 6803: 6799: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6777: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6757: 6755: 6751: 6747: 6743: 6740: 6736: 6729: 6724: 6722: 6717: 6715: 6710: 6709: 6706: 6693: 6689: 6688: 6684: 6682: 6678: 6677: 6673: 6672: 6669: 6665: 6658: 6654: 6653: 6649: 6647: 6643: 6642: 6638: 6636: 6632: 6631: 6627: 6624: 6620: 6619: 6615: 6613: 6609: 6608: 6604: 6600: 6598: 6594: 6593: 6589: 6585: 6584: 6581: 6576: 6572: 6566: 6562: 6559: 6558: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6540: 6539: 6531: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6513: 6509: 6505: 6498: 6484:on 2010-01-28 6483: 6479: 6473: 6459: 6455: 6449: 6441: 6437: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6421: 6417: 6413: 6406: 6398: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6370: 6366: 6362: 6355: 6347: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6329: 6325: 6321: 6317: 6313: 6306: 6290: 6286: 6280: 6264: 6260: 6254: 6245: 6236: 6228: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6210: 6206: 6202: 6195: 6179: 6178: 6173: 6167: 6159: 6153: 6137: 6133: 6129: 6122: 6114: 6110: 6104: 6089: 6085: 6081: 6074: 6066: 6062: 6056: 6040: 6036: 6035: 6030: 6023: 6008:on 2017-08-19 6007: 6003: 5999: 5993: 5985: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5967: 5963: 5959: 5955: 5951: 5944: 5928: 5924: 5920: 5914: 5906: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5888: 5884: 5880: 5873: 5859:on 2009-04-24 5855: 5848: 5842: 5834: 5830: 5826: 5822: 5818: 5814: 5813:Radiographics 5807: 5799: 5795: 5791: 5787: 5783: 5779: 5775: 5771: 5764: 5756: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5738: 5734: 5730: 5723: 5707: 5703: 5699: 5693: 5685: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5667: 5663: 5659: 5652: 5644: 5640: 5636: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5617: 5609: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5576: 5568: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5550: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5527: 5525: 5516: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5498: 5494: 5490: 5483: 5468: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5450: 5446: 5442: 5438: 5434: 5427: 5419: 5415: 5414: 5404: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5388: 5384: 5377: 5369: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5351: 5347: 5343: 5339: 5335: 5328: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5308: 5303: 5298: 5294: 5290: 5286: 5279: 5272: 5271:public domain 5253: 5251: 5245: 5239: 5237: 5235: 5233: 5224: 5220: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5196: 5188: 5184: 5180: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5161: 5153: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5136:(2): 405–11. 5135: 5131: 5127: 5120: 5112: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5094: 5090: 5086: 5079: 5077: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5034: 5030: 5026: 5019: 5011: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4978: 4970: 4966: 4962: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4944: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4924: 4916: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4883: 4875: 4871: 4867: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4848: 4840: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4804: 4797: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4748: 4746: 4737: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4704: 4696: 4692: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4653: 4645: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4604: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4569: 4567: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4520: 4516: 4509: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4466: 4458: 4452: 4448: 4441: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4418: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4382: 4375: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4353: 4345: 4339: 4331: 4324: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4281: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4238: 4231: 4230:public domain 4212: 4208: 4204: 4198: 4187: 4180: 4162: 4155: 4149: 4141: 4137: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4090: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4041: 4033: 4027: 4023: 4016: 4008: 4002: 3998: 3993: 3992: 3984: 3976: 3970: 3966: 3959: 3951: 3945: 3941: 3934: 3932: 3923: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3882: 3868:on 2022-07-03 3867: 3863: 3859: 3853: 3845: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3804: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3782: 3774: 3770: 3765: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3733: 3718: 3714: 3708: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3673: 3665: 3661: 3656: 3651: 3646: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3622: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3595: 3587: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3546: 3538: 3534: 3529: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3497: 3489: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3448: 3437: 3433: 3426: 3420: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3376: 3368: 3361: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3322: 3314: 3307: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3264: 3262: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3220: 3211: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3184: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3158: 3152: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3109: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3066: 3058: 3054: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3007: 3005: 2996: 2992: 2987: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2963: 2955: 2951: 2945: 2939: 2935: 2929: 2925: 2919: 2911: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2870: 2862: 2858: 2853: 2848: 2843: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2819: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2757: 2749: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2708: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2700: 2698: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2656: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2640: 2638: 2636: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2597: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2552: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2513: 2505: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2464: 2462: 2453: 2449: 2444: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2388: 2384: 2377: 2371: 2369: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2325: 2319: 2315: 2314: 2306: 2304: 2295: 2291: 2286: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2254: 2246: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2197: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2170: 2166: 2161: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2129: 2127: 2125: 2123: 2121: 2104: 2100: 2094: 2092: 2090: 2088: 2086: 2081: 2073: 2069: 2066: 2062: 2052: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2026: 2020: 2018: 2013: 2011: 2007: 1996: 1992: 1987: 1977: 1975: 1971: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1948: 1945: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1923: 1920: 1917: 1912: 1908: 1907:Steve McQueen 1905: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1887: 1886: 1885: 1880:Notable cases 1872: 1863: 1854: 1851: 1847: 1845: 1839: 1836: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1815: 1807: 1805: 1804:pneumonectomy 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1784:decortication 1781: 1775: 1773: 1764: 1761: 1752: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1732: 1730: 1726: 1725:interleukin-2 1722: 1718: 1714: 1707:Immunotherapy 1704: 1702: 1697: 1693: 1690: 1685: 1680: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1654:and vitamin B 1653: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1627: 1624: 1619: 1617: 1606: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1594:pneumonectomy 1585: 1582: 1573: 1571: 1567: 1562: 1559: 1548: 1546: 1542: 1532: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1507: 1503: 1501: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1485: 1481: 1479: 1475: 1474: 1465: 1463: 1459: 1456: 1453: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1441: 1440: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1411: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1402: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1389: 1386: 1383: 1380: 1377: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1365: 1361: 1360: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1351:Cytokeratin 5 1349: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1336: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1324: 1321: 1318: 1315: 1314:Wilms' tumour 1311: 1308: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1296: 1292: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1267: 1258: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1233:Generally, a 1226: 1224: 1220: 1219:heart failure 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1195:thoracentesis 1192: 1188: 1187:cytopathology 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1148: 1144: 1135: 1134:cytopathology 1132: 1131:pleural fluid 1128: 1124: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1088: 1080: 1071: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1056: 1051: 1049: 1045: 1037:Immune system 1034: 1031: 1027: 1022: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 964: 960: 958: 954: 951: 947: 944: 940: 936: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 914: 913: 912: 907: 904: 902: 899: 896: 893: 892: 891: 889: 884: 882: 877: 873: 869: 862:Intracellular 859: 856: 850: 847: 846:immune system 843: 837: 834: 830: 826: 821: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 773: 764: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 732: 730: 726: 721: 717: 713: 704: 702: 698: 694: 684: 681: 679: 678:blue asbestos 675: 671: 667: 657: 648: 644: 642: 638: 634: 629: 620: 616: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 585: 582: 578: 575: 571: 569: 565: 561: 557: 546: 544: 540: 537:Working with 530: 528: 524: 523:adrenal gland 520: 516: 509: 505: 502: 499: 497: 494: 492: 489: 486: 483: 480: 477: 475: 471: 470: 469: 461: 459: 455: 451: 447: 446:heart failure 443: 430: 427: 424: 421: 418: 415: 414: 413: 410: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 382: 380: 376: 372: 368: 360: 356: 353:Blood in the 352: 349: 346: 343: 340: 337: 336: 335: 332: 330: 314: 310: 308: 304: 300: 296: 292: 288: 284: 280: 275: 273: 272:tissue biopsy 269: 265: 261: 257: 253: 248: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 215:is a type of 214: 206:32,400 (2015) 205: 201: 197: 193: 189: 186: 184: 180: 177: 173: 169: 165: 161: 157: 153: 150: 149:tissue biopsy 146: 142: 139: 137: 133: 130: 126: 123: 121: 117: 114: 110: 106: 103:Gradual onset 102: 98: 95: 92: 90: 89:Complications 86: 82: 79: 77: 73: 70: 67: 65: 61: 58: 55: 51: 47: 43: 38: 34: 30: 25: 19: 8694:Rare cancers 8659:Mesothelioma 8613: 8584: 8411:Right to sit 8401:Potty parity 7994:Tennis elbow 7989:Surfer's ear 7934:Mesothelioma 7933: 7904:Hearing loss 7693:Mesothelioma 7692: 7657:Central lung 7431:Nasal cavity 7364:Mesothelioma 7363: 7321:Wilms' tumor 7008:Fibroadenoma 6910:Histiocytoma 6829:fibromatosis 6802:fibrosarcoma 6770:Skin sarcoma 6685: 6674: 6650: 6639: 6628: 6616: 6601: 6586: 6561:Mesothelioma 6541: 6514:(1): 70–79. 6511: 6507: 6497: 6486:. Retrieved 6482:the original 6472: 6461:. Retrieved 6457: 6448: 6415: 6411: 6405: 6368: 6364: 6354: 6319: 6315: 6305: 6293:. Retrieved 6279: 6267:. Retrieved 6253: 6244: 6235: 6211:(1): 77–81. 6208: 6204: 6194: 6182:. Retrieved 6175: 6166: 6152: 6140:. Retrieved 6131: 6121: 6112: 6103: 6092:. Retrieved 6083: 6073: 6064: 6055: 6043:. Retrieved 6032: 6022: 6010:. Retrieved 6006:the original 6001: 5992: 5957: 5953: 5943: 5931:. Retrieved 5922: 5913: 5886: 5882: 5872: 5861:. Retrieved 5854:the original 5841: 5816: 5812: 5806: 5773: 5769: 5763: 5736: 5732: 5722: 5710:. Retrieved 5701: 5692: 5665: 5661: 5651: 5626: 5622: 5616: 5589: 5585: 5575: 5540: 5536: 5496: 5492: 5482: 5470:. Retrieved 5458:11568/888183 5440: 5436: 5426: 5418:the original 5412: 5386: 5382: 5376: 5341: 5337: 5327: 5292: 5288: 5278: 5256:. 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