37:
407:. Topoisomerase V is a unique enzyme because it possesses both topoisomerase and DNA repair activities, specifically multiple DNA repair sites that can act independently of each other even if there is damage to one of the sites on the DNA. Although topoisomerase V is useful in this case, finding other hyperthermophiles that have topoisomerase V has proven difficult. This lack of topoisomerase V in other archaeon has led researchers to believe that the origin of the enzyme in
359:
can survive up to temperatures of 122 °C, although optimal growth has been determined to be at 98 °C. High internal ionic cell concentrations (>1 M) are required for cell growth and activity. Due to the extremity of environment that
301:
denaturation in high temperatures. The increased concentration of cyclic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate protects the methanogen, helping it survive in an environment that many other organisms could not. Beyond this compound to help protect the proteins,
997:
Kurr M, Huber R, König H, Jannasch HW, Fricke H, Trincone A, Kristjansson JK, Stetter KO (September 1991). "Methanopyrus kandleri, gen. and sp. nov. represents a novel group of hyperthermophilic methanogens, growing at 110°C".
346:
have been isolated from various submarine hydrothermal vents from locations in the Gulf of
California, Central Indian Ridge, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and Iceland. The species was first discovered on the wall of a
183:
at a depth of 2,000 m, at temperatures of 84–110 °C. Strain 116 was discovered in black smoker fluid of the Kairei hydrothermal field; it can survive and reproduce at 122 °C.
388:. The single circular chromosome possesses 1,691 protein-coding genes and 39 RNA genes. The species also possesses a large number of orphan genes, possibly through viral gene transfer.
411:
is a result of viral gene transfer and the unusual amount of orphan genes in the species provides evidence for this theory. Additionally, the evolved cellular responses in
2943:
2770:
2623:
2463:
762:"Salt dependence, kinetic properties and catalytic mechanism of N-formylmethanofuran:tetrahydromethanopterin formyltransferase from the extreme thermophile
415:
due to its extreme environment has been another subject of research, as scientists look to apply the resilient enzymatic processes for industrial purposes.
952:"RNA-Seq analyses reveal the order of tRNA processing events and the maturation of C/D box and CRISPR RNAs in the hyperthermophile Methanopyrus kandleri"
1478:
1366:
1110:
3020:
2917:
2744:
2597:
2437:
2956:
2783:
2636:
2476:
483:"Cell proliferation at 122 degrees C and isotopically heavy CH4 production by a hyperthermophilic methanogen under high-pressure cultivation"
456:
444:
2891:
2731:
2584:
2424:
2930:
2757:
2610:
2450:
1921:
1058:
712:
364:
resides in, it is hypothesized that further phylogenetic isolation has occurred due to the exclusivity of the species niche.
2935:
2762:
2615:
2455:
1103:
322:
utilizes hydrogen as an electron source and reduces carbon dioxide from the environment into methane, a process known as
919:"Structural characterization of the ribonuclease H-like type ASKHA superfamily kinase MK0840 from Methanopyrus kandleri"
2240:
2982:
2809:
2788:
1148:
1043:
Bergey's Manual of
Systematic Bacteriology Volume 1: The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria
2961:
2641:
2536:
2481:
1143:
1096:
447:
376:
was sequenced by researchers at
Fidelity Systems. It was determined to be a GC-rich genome containing 1,694,969
629:"Search for the most 'primitive' membranes and their reinforcers: a review of the polyprenyl phosphates theory"
1227:
1217:
1200:
561:
Slesarev AI, Mezhevaya KV, Makarova KS, Polushin NN, Shcherbinina OV, Shakhova VV, et al. (April 2002).
857:
topoisomerase V contains three distinct AP lyase active sites in addition to the topoisomerase active site"
191:) in order for growth and cellular activity. Due to the species' high resilience and extreme environment,
1914:
36:
306:
also has a high salt concentration inside its membrane. This increased concentration of salt helps with
2225:
2158:
2987:
2814:
2696:
691:
Oren, Aharon (2014), Rosenberg, Eugene; DeLong, Edward F.; Lory, Stephen; Stackebrandt, Erko (eds.),
2856:
2076:
3010:
2199:
2192:
2178:
2083:
1517:
1232:
1075:
963:
235:
with an approximate length of 2–14 μm and diameter of 0.5 μm. The cellular membrane of
3025:
2602:
2389:
2351:
1907:
424:
2442:
1050:
1037:
918:
3015:
2974:
2749:
2185:
2114:
1195:
133:
2922:
2801:
2654:
2494:
481:
Takai K, Nakamura K, Toki T, Tsunogai U, Miyazaki M, Miyazaki J, et al. (August 2008).
2878:
2718:
2571:
2411:
2107:
1007:
733:
640:
578:
494:
293:
has a high concentration of cyclic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. This compound is often found in
627:
Nakatani Y, Ribeiro N, Streiff S, Gotoh M, Pozzi G, DĂ©saubry L, Milon A (September 2014).
8:
2306:
2283:
2230:
2205:
2139:
1974:
692:
1011:
644:
582:
498:
1433:
1311:
1212:
1190:
1178:
1153:
1023:
980:
951:
889:
782:
761:
661:
628:
517:
482:
403:
to survive in such high temperatures and helps to relax both positively and negatively
352:
331:
180:
31:
1088:
601:
562:
2969:
2865:
2796:
2705:
2649:
2628:
2558:
2489:
2398:
2311:
2289:
2151:
2100:
1888:
1824:
1704:
1605:
1528:
1451:
1222:
1185:
1173:
1163:
1054:
985:
938:
894:
876:
833:
787:
708:
666:
606:
522:
1027:
2563:
2245:
2043:
2038:
2014:
1832:
1762:
1137:
1015:
975:
967:
930:
884:
868:
823:
777:
700:
656:
648:
596:
586:
512:
502:
399:
is also the only species known to have topoisomerase V. Topoisomerase V allows for
294:
172:
2403:
828:
811:
704:
2870:
2710:
2521:
2329:
2265:
2235:
2029:
1994:
1746:
1690:
1644:
1553:
1428:
1413:
1395:
1380:
1323:
1306:
1046:
760:
Breitung J, Börner G, Scholz S, Linder D, Stetter KO, Thauer RK (December 1992).
2841:
2775:
2681:
2374:
2321:
2260:
1979:
1662:
1573:
1503:
1353:
1335:
1168:
571:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
487:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
323:
204:
2948:
934:
652:
3004:
2276:
1771:
1680:
1617:
1593:
1248:
880:
404:
243:
lipids, believed to be one of the most primitive lipids and a predecessor to
212:
58:
2468:
507:
2334:
2270:
2250:
2089:
2024:
1930:
1814:
1809:
1792:
1741:
1730:
1390:
1375:
1318:
1257:
989:
942:
898:
837:
670:
610:
591:
526:
348:
196:
188:
176:
791:
251:
found in later archaea. Terpenoid lipids are a group of lipids containing
2904:
2850:
2690:
2530:
2383:
2301:
2255:
2034:
2019:
1949:
1670:
1345:
1330:
971:
872:
252:
68:
452:
2589:
2429:
2316:
2145:
2009:
1999:
1989:
1984:
1954:
1944:
1119:
1019:
377:
310:
stability and promotes activity of the enzymes at higher temperatures.
260:
232:
162:
2909:
2550:
2169:
2048:
2004:
1964:
852:
276:
268:
256:
240:
2896:
2736:
2345:
699:, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 247–252,
2835:
2675:
2515:
2368:
2094:
2067:
1969:
1959:
1207:
385:
280:
207:
rich environment, and like other methanogens reduces the latter to
200:
2545:
2130:
1123:
560:
381:
298:
264:
244:
208:
48:
2576:
1899:
271:. Although terpenoids are the main component of the membrane in
2416:
2120:
307:
851:
Rajan, Rakhi; Osterman, Amy; MondragĂłn, Alfonso (2016-04-20).
2883:
2723:
1544:
923:
916:
248:
1653:
626:
759:
355:
at a depth of 2,000 m, at temperatures of 84–110 °C.
917:
Schacherl M, Waltersperger S, Baumann U (December 2013).
480:
1118:
996:
850:
812:"DNA topoisomerase V: a new fold of mysterious origin"
334:
and does not use oxygen as a final electron acceptor.
1036:
218:
1034:
3002:
187:also requires a high ionic concentration (>1
633:Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere
1915:
1661:
1104:
949:
457:National Center for Biotechnology Information
275:, they are more of a supporting structure in
1922:
1908:
1111:
1097:
979:
888:
827:
781:
660:
600:
590:
563:"The complete genome of hyperthermophile
516:
506:
809:
1084:- the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
3021:Marine fauna of the Gulf of California
3003:
1038:"Family I. Methanopyralceae fam. nov."
950:Su AA, Tripp V, Randau L (July 2013).
567:and monophyly of archaeal methanogens"
556:
2350:
2349:
1903:
1092:
1041:. In DR Boone; RW Castenholz (eds.).
622:
620:
554:
552:
550:
548:
546:
544:
542:
540:
538:
536:
367:
330:is a chemolithoautotrophic, obligate
805:
803:
801:
755:
753:
690:
686:
684:
682:
680:
476:
474:
472:
287:is motile via polar flagella tufts.
165:, with a single described species,
13:
909:
783:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb17502.x
617:
533:
391:
14:
3037:
2241:Acidophiles in acid mine drainage
1929:
1069:
798:
750:
677:
469:
770:European Journal of Biochemistry
35:
810:Forterre, Patrick (June 2006).
219:Microbiological characteristics
844:
726:
437:
175:, discovered on the wall of a
1:
829:10.1016/j.tibtech.2006.04.006
705:10.1007/978-3-642-38954-2_328
430:
313:
223:
1035:Huber R; Stetter KO (2001).
693:"The Family Methanopyraceae"
239:is unique as it consists of
7:
450:. Data extracted from the
418:
10:
3042:
2226:Abiogenic petroleum origin
2159:Thermococcus gammatolerans
1045:(2nd ed.). New York:
565:Methanopyrus kandleri AV19
337:
2825:
2665:
2505:
2358:
2218:
2168:
2129:
2066:
2057:
1937:
1880:
1823:
1770:
1761:
1652:
1643:
1543:
1476:
1364:
1299:
1280:
1256:
1247:
1131:
935:10.1107/S0907444913022683
653:10.1007/s11084-014-9365-6
453:"NCBI taxonomy resources"
211:. It is placed among the
195:is also classified as an
139:
132:
32:Scientific classification
30:
23:
2077:Chloroflexus aurantiacus
1000:Archives of Microbiology
380:of which about 62.1% is
2200:Halicephalobus mephisto
2193:Paralvinella sulfincola
2179:Cyanidioschyzon merolae
2084:Deinococcus radiodurans
1518:Methanomassiliicoccales
1443:Methanonatronarchaeales
964:Oxford University Press
816:Trends in Biotechnology
508:10.1073/pnas.0712334105
448:webpage on Methanopyrus
372:The complete genome of
1440:Methanonatronarchaeia
1350:"Methanofastidiosales"
956:Nucleic Acids Research
861:Nucleic Acids Research
592:10.1073/pnas.032671499
425:List of Archaea genera
97:Huber and Stetter 2002
83:Huber and Stetter 2002
2629:methanopyrus-kandleri
2537:Methanopyrus kandleri
2507:Methanopyrus kandleri
2186:Galdieria sulphuraria
2115:Spirochaeta americana
1722:"Methanomethylicales"
1290:"Hydrothermarchaeles"
1287:"Hydrothermarchaeia"
1281:"Hydrothermarchaeota"
1078:Methanopyrus kandleri
855:Methanopyrus kandleri
764:Methanopyrus kandleri
397:Methanopyrus kandleri
374:Methanopyrus kandleri
297:, helping to prevent
291:Methanopyrus kandleri
229:Methanopyrus kandleri
171:. It is a rod-shaped
168:Methanopyrus kandleri
143:Methanopyrus kandleri
2776:methanopyraceae.html
2108:Thermus thermophilus
1840:"Heimdallarchaeales"
1719:"Methanomethylicia"
1701:"Geothermarchaeales"
1522:"Natronoplasmatales"
1508:"Aciduliprofundales"
1467:"Syntropharchaeales"
215:, in its own class.
2949:methanopyrales.html
2307:Radiotrophic fungus
2284:Helaeomyia petrolei
2231:Acidithiobacillales
2140:Pyrococcus furiosus
1887:Alternative views:
1490:"Thermoprofundales"
1461:"Syntropharchaeia"
1300:"Methanobacteriota"
1273:"Persephonarchaeia"
1012:1991ArMic.156..239K
645:2014OLEB...44..197N
583:2002PNAS...99.4644S
499:2008PNAS..10510949T
1698:Conexivisphaerales
1559:"Aenigmatarchaeia"
1525:"Sysuiplasmatales"
1434:Methanomicrobiales
1423:"Methanoliparales"
1312:Methanobacteriales
1020:10.1007/BF00262992
972:10.1093/nar/gkt317
929:(Pt 12): 2440–50.
873:10.1093/nar/gkw122
368:Genomic properties
353:Gulf of California
181:Gulf of California
2998:
2997:
2970:Open Tree of Life
2797:Open Tree of Life
2650:Open Tree of Life
2490:Open Tree of Life
2469:methanopyrus.html
2352:Taxon identifiers
2343:
2342:
2290:Hydrothermal vent
2214:
2213:
2152:Pyrolobus fumarii
2101:Thermus aquaticus
1897:
1896:
1876:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1825:Heimdallarchaeota
1804:"Sigynarchaeales"
1757:
1756:
1725:"Nezhaarchaeales"
1705:Nitrososphaerales
1631:"Undinarchaeota"
1611:"Nanohalarchaeia"
1584:"Huberarchaeota"
1554:Aenigmatarchaeota
1539:
1538:
1529:Thermoplasmatales
1514:"Lunaplasmatales"
1511:"Gimiplasmatales"
1464:"Methanophagales"
1452:Methanosarcinales
1420:"Methanoliparia"
1385:"Mnemosynellales"
1060:978-0-387-98771-2
714:978-3-642-38953-5
318:As a methanogen,
154:
153:
114:
98:
84:
3033:
2991:
2990:
2978:
2977:
2965:
2964:
2952:
2951:
2939:
2938:
2926:
2925:
2913:
2912:
2900:
2899:
2887:
2886:
2874:
2873:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2846:
2845:
2844:
2818:
2817:
2805:
2804:
2792:
2791:
2779:
2778:
2766:
2765:
2753:
2752:
2740:
2739:
2727:
2726:
2714:
2713:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2658:
2657:
2645:
2644:
2632:
2631:
2619:
2618:
2606:
2605:
2593:
2592:
2580:
2579:
2567:
2566:
2554:
2553:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2498:
2497:
2485:
2484:
2472:
2471:
2459:
2458:
2446:
2445:
2433:
2432:
2420:
2419:
2407:
2406:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2347:
2346:
2246:Archaeoglobaceae
2219:Related articles
2064:
2063:
2044:Thermoacidophile
2039:Hyperthermophile
2015:Polyextremophile
1924:
1917:
1910:
1901:
1900:
1865:"Wukongarchaeia"
1857:"Borrarchaeales"
1846:"Kariarchaeales"
1837:"Gerdarchaeales"
1833:Heimdallarchaeia
1801:"Lokiarchaeales"
1785:"Hermodarchaeia"
1768:
1767:
1738:"Marsarchaeales"
1714:"Culexarchaeles"
1711:"Culexarchaeia"
1695:"Caldarchaeales"
1659:
1658:
1650:
1649:
1606:Nanohalarchaeota
1479:Thermoplasmatota
1456:Methanotrichales
1448:Methanosarcinia
1410:"Methanocellia"
1342:"Theionarchaeia"
1254:
1253:
1160:
1140:
1113:
1106:
1099:
1090:
1089:
1064:
1040:
1031:
993:
983:
946:
903:
902:
892:
867:(7): 3464–3474.
848:
842:
841:
831:
807:
796:
795:
785:
757:
748:
747:
745:
744:
730:
724:
723:
722:
721:
688:
675:
674:
664:
624:
615:
614:
604:
594:
558:
531:
530:
520:
510:
493:(31): 10949–54.
478:
467:
466:
464:
463:
441:
295:hyperthermophile
231:is a rod-shaped
199:. It lives in a
173:hyperthermophile
149:Kurr et al. 1992
145:
125:M. kandleri
113:Kurr et al. 1992
112:
96:
82:
40:
39:
21:
20:
16:Genus of archaea
3041:
3040:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2986:
2981:
2973:
2968:
2960:
2955:
2947:
2942:
2934:
2929:
2921:
2916:
2908:
2903:
2895:
2890:
2882:
2877:
2869:
2864:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2840:
2839:
2834:
2821:
2813:
2808:
2800:
2795:
2787:
2782:
2774:
2769:
2761:
2756:
2748:
2743:
2735:
2730:
2722:
2717:
2709:
2704:
2697:Methanopyraceae
2695:
2694:
2689:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2667:Methanopyraceae
2661:
2653:
2648:
2640:
2635:
2627:
2622:
2614:
2609:
2601:
2596:
2588:
2583:
2575:
2570:
2562:
2557:
2549:
2544:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2501:
2493:
2488:
2480:
2475:
2467:
2462:
2454:
2449:
2441:
2436:
2428:
2423:
2415:
2410:
2402:
2397:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2373:
2372:
2367:
2354:
2344:
2339:
2330:Thermostability
2266:Grylloblattidae
2236:Acidobacteriota
2210:
2164:
2125:
2059:
2053:
1995:Metallotolerant
1933:
1928:
1898:
1893:
1868:
1860:"Sifarchaeales"
1851:"Njordarchaeia"
1843:"Hodarchaeales"
1819:
1798:"Helarchaeales"
1782:"Freyrarchaeia"
1779:"Baldrarchaeia"
1753:
1747:Thermoproteales
1691:Nitrososphaeria
1675:"Korarchaeales"
1645:Proteoarchaeota
1639:
1634:"Undinarchaeia"
1587:"Huberarchaeia"
1564:"Altarchaeota"
1535:
1498:"Poseidoniales"
1472:
1429:Methanomicrobia
1414:Methanocellales
1405:"Hikarchaeales"
1396:Halobacteriales
1381:Archaeoglobales
1360:
1324:Methanococcales
1307:Methanobacteria
1295:
1276:
1268:"Hadarchaeales"
1243:
1242:
1158:
1136:
1127:
1117:
1076:Type strain of
1072:
1067:
1061:
1047:Springer Verlag
912:
910:Further reading
907:
906:
849:
845:
808:
799:
758:
751:
742:
740:
732:
731:
727:
719:
717:
715:
697:The Prokaryotes
689:
678:
625:
618:
559:
534:
479:
470:
461:
459:
451:
442:
438:
433:
421:
405:supercoiled DNA
394:
392:Future research
370:
340:
316:
226:
221:
150:
147:
141:
128:
111:
95:
93:Methanopyraceae
81:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3039:
3029:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3011:Archaea genera
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2979:
2966:
2953:
2940:
2927:
2914:
2901:
2888:
2875:
2862:
2857:Methanopyrales
2847:
2831:
2829:
2827:Methanopyrales
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2806:
2793:
2780:
2767:
2754:
2741:
2728:
2715:
2702:
2687:
2671:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2646:
2633:
2620:
2607:
2594:
2581:
2568:
2555:
2542:
2527:
2511:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2486:
2473:
2460:
2447:
2434:
2421:
2408:
2395:
2380:
2364:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2292:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2261:Thermoproteota
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2174:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2143:
2135:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2080:
2072:
2070:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2032:
2030:Radioresistant
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1980:Lithoautotroph
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1927:
1926:
1919:
1912:
1904:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1854:"Sifarchaeia"
1852:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1829:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1789:
1788:"Jordarchaeia"
1786:
1783:
1780:
1776:
1774:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1736:
1735:"Gearchaeales"
1728:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1685:"Hecatellales"
1678:
1677:
1676:
1667:
1665:
1663:Thermoproteota
1656:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1626:"Nanohalobiia"
1624:
1623:"Nanoarchaeia"
1614:
1613:
1612:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1599:"Micrarchaeia"
1590:
1589:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1579:"Iainarchaeia"
1570:
1569:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1549:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1504:Thermoplasmata
1501:
1500:
1499:
1495:"Poseidoniia"
1493:
1492:
1491:
1487:"Izemarchaea"
1484:
1482:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1402:"Hikarchaeia"
1400:
1399:
1398:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1372:
1370:
1367:Halobacteriota
1362:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1354:Thermococcales
1351:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1336:Methanopyrales
1328:
1327:
1326:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1265:"Hadarchaeia"
1262:
1260:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1233:Mesomycetozoea
1230:
1225:
1215:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1169:Diaphoretickes
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1126:classification
1116:
1115:
1108:
1101:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1071:
1070:External links
1068:
1066:
1065:
1059:
1032:
1006:(4): 239–247.
994:
947:
913:
911:
908:
905:
904:
843:
822:(6): 245–247.
797:
749:
725:
713:
676:
639:(3): 197–208.
616:
532:
468:
435:
434:
432:
429:
428:
427:
420:
417:
393:
390:
369:
366:
339:
336:
324:methanogenesis
315:
312:
225:
222:
220:
217:
205:carbon dioxide
161:is a genus of
152:
151:
148:
137:
136:
130:
129:
122:
120:
116:
115:
104:
100:
99:
90:
86:
85:
79:Methanopyrales
76:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
46:
42:
41:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3038:
3027:
3026:Euryarchaeota
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3006:
2989:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2867:
2863:
2858:
2852:
2848:
2843:
2837:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2816:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2692:
2688:
2683:
2677:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2656:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2532:
2528:
2523:
2517:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2496:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2391:
2385:
2381:
2376:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2348:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2277:Halobacterium
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2062:
2060:extremophiles
2056:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1931:Extremophiles
1925:
1920:
1918:
1913:
1911:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1864:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1772:Lokiarchaeota
1769:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1731:Thermoproteia
1729:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1681:Bathyarchaeia
1679:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1618:Nanoarchaeota
1615:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:Micrarchaeota
1591:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1574:Iainarchaeota
1571:
1567:"Altarchaeia"
1566:
1565:
1563:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1475:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1376:Archaeoglobia
1374:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1363:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1272:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1249:Euryarchaeota
1246:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1196:Stramenopiles
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1159:(major groups
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1121:
1114:
1109:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1073:
1062:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
995:
991:
987:
982:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
915:
914:
900:
896:
891:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
856:
847:
839:
835:
830:
825:
821:
817:
813:
806:
804:
802:
793:
789:
784:
779:
776:(3): 971–81.
775:
771:
767:
765:
756:
754:
739:
738:www.ebi.ac.uk
735:
729:
716:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
687:
685:
683:
681:
672:
668:
663:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
623:
621:
612:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
584:
580:
577:(7): 4644–9.
576:
572:
568:
566:
557:
555:
553:
551:
549:
547:
545:
543:
541:
539:
537:
528:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
477:
475:
473:
458:
454:
449:
446:
440:
436:
426:
423:
422:
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
389:
387:
383:
379:
375:
365:
363:
358:
354:
350:
345:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
311:
309:
305:
300:
296:
292:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
216:
214:
213:Euryarchaeota
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
146:
144:
138:
135:
134:Binomial name
131:
127:
126:
121:
118:
117:
110:
109:
105:
102:
101:
94:
91:
88:
87:
80:
77:
74:
73:
70:
67:
64:
63:
60:
59:Euryarchaeota
57:
54:
53:
50:
47:
44:
43:
38:
33:
29:
26:
22:
19:
3016:Thermophiles
2826:
2666:
2506:
2390:Methanopyrus
2360:Methanopyrus
2359:
2335:Thermotogota
2322:
2296:Methanopyrus
2295:
2294:
2282:
2275:
2271:Halobacteria
2251:Berkeley Pit
2206:Pompeii worm
2198:
2191:
2184:
2177:
2157:
2150:
2138:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2090:Deinococcota
2082:
2075:
2037: /
2025:Psychrophile
1815:Thorarchaeia
1810:Odinarchaeia
1793:Lokiarchaeia
1742:Sulfolobales
1391:Halobacteria
1319:Methanococci
1258:Hadarchaeota
1218:Opisthokonta
1081:
1077:
1042:
1003:
999:
959:
955:
926:
922:
864:
860:
854:
846:
819:
815:
773:
769:
763:
741:. Retrieved
737:
728:
718:, retrieved
696:
636:
632:
574:
570:
564:
490:
486:
460:. Retrieved
439:
412:
408:
400:
396:
395:
373:
371:
361:
356:
349:black smoker
343:
342:Cultures of
341:
327:
319:
317:
303:
290:
289:
284:
272:
236:
228:
227:
197:extremophile
192:
184:
177:black smoker
167:
166:
158:Methanopyrus
157:
156:
155:
142:
140:
124:
123:
108:Methanopyrus
107:
106:
92:
78:
25:Methanopyrus
24:
18:
2905:iNaturalist
2851:Wikispecies
2691:Wikispecies
2531:Wikispecies
2384:Wikispecies
2302:Movile Cave
2256:Blood Falls
2035:Thermophile
2020:Psammophile
1950:Alkaliphile
1889:Wikispecies
1671:Korarchaeia
1346:Thermococci
1331:Methanopyri
1120:Prokaryotes
413:M. kandleri
409:M. kandleri
401:M. kandleri
378:nucleotides
362:M. kandleri
357:M. kandleri
344:M. kandleri
328:M. kandleri
320:M. kandleri
304:M. kandleri
285:M. kandleri
273:M. kandleri
253:cholesterol
237:M. kandleri
193:M. kandleri
185:M. kandleri
69:Methanopyri
3005:Categories
2325:polymerase
2317:Tardigrade
2146:Strain 121
2010:Piezophile
2000:Oligotroph
1990:Methanogen
1985:Lithophile
1955:Capnophile
1945:Acidophile
1049:. p.
966:: 6250–8.
743:2021-04-23
734:"InterPro"
720:2021-10-11
462:2007-03-19
431:References
314:Metabolism
269:bisphytane
261:carotenoid
233:methanogen
224:Morphology
163:methanogen
2522:Q16664181
2312:Rio Tinto
2170:Eukaryota
2049:Xerophile
2005:Osmophile
1975:Lipophile
1965:Halophile
1213:Amoebozoa
1191:Alveolata
1179:Cryptista
1154:Eukaryota
881:0305-1048
351:from the
277:eukaryote
257:hopanoids
241:terpenoid
179:from the
119:Species:
55:Kingdom:
2842:Q6823597
2836:Wikidata
2682:Q6823596
2676:Wikidata
2603:10033541
2516:Wikidata
2375:Q2700637
2369:Wikidata
2095:Snottite
2068:Bacteria
1970:Hypolith
1960:Endolith
1208:Amorphea
1186:Rhizaria
1174:Hacrobia
1164:Excavata
1149:Bacteria
1028:20254769
990:23620296
943:24311585
899:26908655
838:16650908
671:25351682
611:11930014
527:18664583
443:See the
419:See also
386:cytosine
332:anaerobe
281:bacteria
245:phytanyl
201:hydrogen
89:Family:
45:Domain:
2975:1039775
2590:1000423
2577:1015752
2546:BacDive
2443:1061510
2430:1000422
2131:Archaea
2058:Notable
1884:Source:
1223:Animals
1144:Archaea
1124:Archaea
1008:Bibcode
981:3695527
890:4838376
792:1483480
662:4669544
641:Bibcode
579:Bibcode
518:2490668
495:Bibcode
382:guanine
338:Habitat
299:protein
265:phytane
209:methane
103:Genus:
75:Order:
65:Class:
49:Archaea
2988:416263
2936:951447
2910:152514
2815:416264
2802:577717
2789:183713
2763:951467
2750:106062
2655:891930
2616:951840
2495:487507
2456:951550
2417:101716
2121:GFAJ-1
1763:Asgard
1201:Plants
1138:Domain
1080:at Bac
1057:
1026:
988:
978:
962:(12).
941:
897:
887:
879:
836:
790:
711:
669:
659:
609:
602:123701
599:
525:
515:
308:enzyme
267:, and
249:ethers
2983:WoRMS
2962:68985
2923:11567
2918:IRMNG
2810:WoRMS
2745:IRMNG
2598:IRMNG
2564:6RFJ2
2438:IRMNG
1938:Types
1545:DPANN
1228:Fungi
1024:S2CID
2957:NCBI
2944:LPSN
2931:ITIS
2897:1195
2892:GBIF
2884:7931
2784:NCBI
2771:LPSN
2758:ITIS
2737:3807
2732:GBIF
2724:7932
2642:2320
2637:NCBI
2624:LPSN
2611:ITIS
2585:GBIF
2551:7044
2482:2319
2477:NCBI
2464:LPSN
2451:ITIS
2425:GBIF
2404:5QT7
1654:TACK
1082:Dive
1055:ISBN
986:PMID
939:PMID
895:PMID
877:ISSN
834:PMID
788:PMID
709:ISBN
667:PMID
607:PMID
523:PMID
445:NCBI
279:and
2879:EoL
2871:3JY
2866:CoL
2719:EoL
2711:CPD
2706:CoL
2572:EoL
2559:CoL
2412:EoL
2399:CoL
2323:Taq
1051:169
1016:doi
1004:156
976:PMC
968:doi
931:doi
885:PMC
869:doi
824:doi
778:doi
774:210
701:doi
657:PMC
649:doi
597:PMC
587:doi
513:PMC
503:doi
491:105
384:or
247:di-
3007::
2985::
2972::
2959::
2946::
2933::
2920::
2907::
2894::
2881::
2868::
2853::
2838::
2812::
2799::
2786::
2773::
2760::
2747::
2734::
2721::
2708::
2693::
2678::
2652::
2639::
2626::
2613::
2600::
2587::
2574::
2561::
2548::
2533::
2518::
2492::
2479::
2466::
2453::
2440::
2427::
2414::
2401::
2386::
2371::
1795:"
1620:"
1608:"
1596:"
1576:"
1556:"
1122::
1053:.
1022:.
1014:.
1002:.
984:.
974:.
960:41
958:.
954:.
937:.
927:69
925:.
921:.
893:.
883:.
875:.
865:44
863:.
859:.
832:.
820:24
818:.
814:.
800:^
786:.
772:.
768:.
752:^
736:.
707:,
695:,
679:^
665:.
655:.
647:.
637:44
635:.
631:.
619:^
605:.
595:.
585:.
575:99
573:.
569:.
535:^
521:.
511:.
501:.
489:.
485:.
471:^
455:.
326:.
283:.
263:,
259:,
255:,
1923:e
1916:t
1909:v
1791:"
1616:"
1604:"
1592:"
1572:"
1552:"
1481:"
1477:"
1369:"
1365:"
1235:)
1112:e
1105:t
1098:v
1063:.
1030:.
1018::
1010::
992:.
970::
945:.
933::
901:.
871::
853:"
840:.
826::
794:.
780::
766:"
746:.
703::
673:.
651::
643::
613:.
589::
581::
529:.
505::
497::
465:.
203:–
189:M
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
