144:), and the third a mixture of these. Sometimes the excretions of sick people are too small or too large, or a particular excretion might be deficient or excessive. These kinds of illnesses are sometimes severe, sometimes chronic, sometimes increasing, sometimes stable, and sometimes abating. As soon as it is known to which of these diseases an illness belongs, if the body is bound, then it must be opened; if it is loose, then it must be restrained; if it is complicated, then the most urgent malady must be fought first. One type of treatment is required in acute, another in inveterate illnesses; another when diseases are increasing, another when stable, and another when decreasing. The observation of these things constitute the art of medicine, called
184:
proper treatment for an ailment. However, Methodists do not support the
Dogmatic concept of employing reason to find hidden causes that underlie the disease manifested. The causes of diseases can not be fantastic or obscure forces that would not occur in ordinary life. The key difference between Methodist doctors and Empiricist or Dogmatic doctors is that a Methodist's knowledge is "firm and certain," and that it leaves no room for future revision. Rather than rely upon reason and experience, the Methodist does what is inherently obvious; there is no room for error.
936:
117:. All a doctor really needs to know is the disease itself, and from that knowledge alone will he know the treatment. To claim that knowledge of the disease alone will provide knowledge of the treatment, the Methodists first claim that diseases are indicative of their own treatments. Just as how hunger leads a person naturally to food and how thirst leads a person naturally to water, so too does the disease naturally indicate the cure. As
90:, Asclepiades' most distinguished student, is often credited with founding the Methodic school in the first century BC. However, some historians claim that the Methodic school was founded by Asclepiades himself in 50 BC. It has also been claimed that Methodism did not truly arise until the first century AD. In any case, it is widely accepted that Methodism was a reaction to the
176:
indicative of a hidden state that causes the disease. Only by knowing the hidden state can a doctor understand how to treat a patient. Like the
Empiricists, the Methodists reject the notion of hidden states, claiming that there is no need to take a detour into inferences of hidden states. The symptoms manifested make it immediately obvious what needs to be done.
110:). In other words, medicine was no more than the awareness of general, recurring features that manifest in a tangible way. While Methodist views on medicine are slightly more complex than this, the above generalization was meant to apply to not only medicine, but to any art. Methodists conceive of medicine as a true art, in contrast to Empiricists or Dogmatists.
183:
Because
Methodists do not take their knowledge of proper treatment as an issue of observation or experience, they are willing to concede that their knowledge is a matter of reason. On this point, the Methodists bear a similarity to Dogmatists, taking reason as a constructive approach to selecting the
179:
On the other hand, Methodists also reject the
Empiricist notion that the connection between a disease and its treatment is a matter of experience. Methodists hold that experience is not necessary to understand that a state of depletion implies a need for replenishment, that a state of restraint must
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The
Methodic school takes it to be that once a doctor has recognized the disease a patient has for what it is, the treatment that should follow is inherently obvious. It is not a matter of inference or observation, but of an immediate knowledge. To a Dogmatist, the symptoms a disease manifests are
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be loosened. To a
Methodist, treatments for diseases are immediately obvious; it is a matter of common sense, of reason. There is no need for justification by experience; to Methodists, there are no conceivable alternatives to their innate knowledge of proper treatments.
106:
The
Methodic school emphasized the treatment of diseases rather than the history of the individual patient. According to the Methodists, medicine is no more than a “knowledge of manifest generalities” (
159:
As the seeking after the causes of diseases seemed to
Themison to rest on too uncertain a foundation, he thus wished to establish his system upon the analogies and indications common to many diseases (
250:
Yapijakis, C: ‘’Hippocrates of Kos, the Father of
Clinical Medicine, and Asclepiades of Bithynia, the Father of Molecular Medicine’’. International Institute of Anticaner Research, 2009.
66:(sometimes referred to as the Rationalist school). While the exact origins of the Methodic school are shrouded in some controversy, its doctrines are fairly well documented.
82:
There is no clear consensus on who founded the
Methodic school and when it was founded. It has been supposed that the Methodic school was founded by the students of
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They asserted that the knowledge of the cause of the disease bears no relation to the method of cure, and that it is sufficient to observe some general symptoms of
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167:), no matter that these analogies were as obscure as the causes of the Dogmatic school. Themison wrote several works which are now lost.
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Hippocrates of Kos, the Father of Clinical Medicine, and Asclepiades of Bithynia, the Father of Molecular Medicine
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points out, when a dog is pricked by a thorn, it naturally removes the foreign object ailing its body.
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The core theory was disruption of the normal circulation of '
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The Fragments of the Methodists. Methodism outside Soranus.
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http://iv.iiarjournals.org/content/23/4/507.full.pdf+html
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Barnes, J.; Brunschwig, J.; Burnyeat, B.; Schofield, M.,
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Barnes, Brunschwig, Burnyeat, Schofield 1982, p. 18-19.
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Barnes, Brunschwig, Burnyeat, Schofield 1982, p. 7-8.
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Barnes, Brunschwig, Burnyeat, Schofield 1982, p. 4,5.
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Barnes, Brunschwig, Burnyeat, Schofield 1982, p. 7.
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Barnes, Brunschwig, Burnyeat, Schofield 1982, p. 6.
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Barnes, Brunschwig, Burnyeat, Schofield 1982, p. 3.
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Barnes, Brunschwig, Burnyeat, Schofield 1982, p. 2.
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Barnes, Brunschwig, Burnyeat, Schofield 1982, p. 2.
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Barnes, Brunschwig, Burnyeat, Schofield 1982, p. 2.
171:Differences from the Empiric and Dogmatic Schools
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417:, pages 1–20. Cambridge University Press, 1982.
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16:School of medicine in ancient Greece and Rome
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241:, Wesleyan University Press, 1964, p. 98).
70:points to the school's common ground with
373:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities
379:The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
261:The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
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432:Myths in Medicine and Old-Time Doctors
283:Myths in Medicine and Old-Time Doctors
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50:) was a branch of medical thought in
58:. It arose in reaction to both the
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818:Medical community of ancient Rome
803:Food and diet in ancient medicine
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239:Scepticism, Man, and God
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19:Not to be confused with
828:Surgery in ancient Rome
549:Asclepiades of Bithynia
415:Science and Speculation
387:Pilar Pérez Cañizares,
370:William Smith, (1857),
279:Garratt, Alfred Charles
968:Ancient Roman medicine
963:Ancient Greek medicine
554:Aulus Cornelius Celsus
235:Outlines of Pyrrhonism
128:' through the body's '
694:Charmis of Marseilles
684:Crinas of Marseilles
679:Athenaeus of Attalia
664:Thessalus of Tralles
534:Pedanius Dioscorides
398:of Manuela Tecusan,
94:and Rationalist (or
88:Themison of Laodicea
604:Marcellus Empiricus
729:Medical literature
644:Serenus Sammonicus
629:Criton of Heraclea
609:Caelius Aurelianus
539:Soranus of Ephesus
233:Sextus Empiricus,
194:Philo of Hyampolis
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750:De materia medica
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639:Marcellus of Side
574:Antiochis of Tlos
259:Boylan, Michael:
86:. In particular,
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447:On Medicine
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569:Philonides
526:Physicians
396:2005-03-15
365:References
72:Pyrrhonism
36:Methodists
783:Archiater
719:Herodotus
559:Oribasius
188:Adherents
142:discharge
134:illnesses
115:illnesses
102:Doctrines
48:Μεθοδικοί
40:Methodici
32:Methodics
21:Methodism
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861:Humorism
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624:Antyllus
506:Speculum
200:See also
165:κοινότες
96:Dogmatic
62:and the
909:Plagues
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709:Eudemus
516:Strigil
434:. 1884.
285:. 1884.
154:Μέθοδος
92:Empiric
78:History
894:Febris
674:Arcyon
564:Muscio
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389:review
146:method
138:fluens
775:Roles
714:Alcon
544:Galen
493:Tools
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265:Galen
212:Notes
161:Greek
150:Greek
130:pores
126:atoms
44:Greek
38:, or
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54:and
26:The
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