35:
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739:"Wildu mit wasser schyessen // daß du kein pulfer prauch // est vnd sterker und waiter // mit schewst dann als du daß aller // pest pulfer hast das yemann gehab // en mag und ye gemacht wurd so ny // salpeter und distillier den mit wasser // vnd nym oleo benedicto dazu auch … // … vnd zunt sie an mit sinnen das du davon kommen magst … // …mit disem wasser schewst du dreytousent schrit weit … // … es ist gar köstlich…"
747:"Do you want to shoot with water // so that you don't need powder // and stronger and further // you shoot than the very // best powder somebody might have had ever // and was made ever // so take salpetre and distill it with water // and also take oleo benedicto (the oil of Benedicus) // and ignite it with the intention that you may get off ... with this water you will shoot threethousand foot // it is so delicious"
783:
461:
701:
at a constant rate and so its composition would not change over time. It presents a slight explosive danger (it is somewhat difficult to detonate) and does not detonate easily via shock.
689:
Methyl nitrate has not received much attention as an explosive, but as a mixture containing 25% methanol it was used as rocket fuel and volumetric explosive under the name Myrol in
708:
in 1933. Gartz shows in a recent work that only methyl nitrate with its production and explosion potential can represent the famous and mysterious "shooting water" from the German
984:
Reichel, Marco; Krumm, Burkhard; Vishnevskiy, Yury V.; Blomeyer, Sebastian; Schwabedissen, Jan; Stammler, Hans-Georg; Karaghiosoff, Konstantin; Mitzel, Norbert W. (2019-12-16).
616:. However, the process is usually run at a slightly higher temperature and the mixture is stirred mechanically on an industrial scale instead of with compressed air.
642:. When ignited it burns extremely fiercely with a gray-blue flame. Methyl nitrate is a very strong explosive with a detonation velocity of 6,300 m/s, like
474:
919:
1178:
630:, while also producing nitromethane. Oxidation of nitromethane using nitrogen dioxide in an inert atmosphere can also yield methyl nitrate.
300:
622:
Methyl nitrate is also the product of the oxidation of some organic compounds in the presence of nitrogen oxides and chlorine, namely
665:
Despite the superior explosive properties of methyl nitrate, it has not received application as an explosive due mostly to its high
1305:
1255:
1216:
932:
619:
Electrolytic production methods have been reported involving electrolyzing sodium acetate and sodium nitrate in acetic acid.
469:
608:
and nitric acids. The first procedure is not preferred due to the great explosion danger presented by the methyl nitrate
265:
1101:"FTIR product study of the chlorine-initiated oxidation of chloroethane: reactions of the alkoxy radical CH3CHClO"
481:
986:"Solid-State and Gas-Phase Structures and Energetic Properties of the Dangerous Methyl and Fluoromethyl Nitrates"
133:
34:
431:
790:
In the solid state there are weak interactions between the O and N atoms of different molecules (see figure).
1383:
208:
171:
229:
1140:"Reaction of hydroxymethyl radicals with oxygen, nitric oxide, and nitrogen dioxide at room temperature"
1388:
647:
776:
757:
246:
1180:
Basic
Chemistry of Explosives and Hazards of Home-Made Explosives and Chemical Precursors Handbook
1378:
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761:
666:
1211:. Köhler, Josef., Homburg, Axel. (10., vollst. überarb. Aufl ed.). Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
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732:
525:
75:
756:
The structure of methyl nitrate has been studied experimentally in the gas phase (combined
405:
217:
153:
8:
1085:
627:
415:
109:
99:
250:
175:
1020:
985:
596:
Methyl nitrate can be produced on a laboratory or industrial scale either through the
1311:
1301:
1261:
1251:
1222:
1212:
1177:
Friedel, Robert (2021). "Improvised
Explosive Device Clearance Good Practice Guide".
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1297:
Vom griechischen Feuer zum
Dynamit : eine Kulturgeschichte der Explosivstoffe
1138:
Pagsberg, Palle; Munk, Jette; Anastasi, Christopher; Simpson, Victoria J. (1989).
197:
794:
Table 1: Structural parameters of methyl nitrate Bond lengths in Å , angles in °
713:
662:, the lowest power available, producing a near full detonation of the explosive.
949:
704:
According to A. Stettbacher, the substance was used as a combustible during the
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1186:. Geneva: Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining. p. 175
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Solid-state structure of methyl nitrate determined by X-ray diffraction
655:
342:
144:
639:
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451:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
782:
721:
533:
612:. The second procedure is essentially identical to that of making
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184:
1329:
983:
771:
712:("fireworks book") of about 1420 (the oldest technical text in
609:
917:
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122:
234:
1137:
1099:
Shi, Jichun; Wallington, Timothy J.; Kaiser, E. W. (1993).
947:
669:, which prevents it from being stored or handled safely.
385:
64.6 °C (148.3 °F; 337.8 K) (explodes)
654:. The sensitivity of methyl nitrate to initiation by
775:
Gas phase structure of methyl nitrate determined by
658:
is among the greatest known, with even a number one
600:
of a mixture of methanol and nitric acid, or by the
1098:
677:As well as being an explosive, methyl nitrate is
1370:
516:. It is a colourless explosive volatile liquid.
196:
108:
1293:
1204:
375:−82.3 °C (−116.1 °F; 190.8 K)
1043:Fichter, Fr.; Metz, Fritz (January 1935). .
1278:
1246:(in German) (2. Auflage ed.). Berlin:
1042:
918:Meyer, R.; Köhler, J.; Homberg, A. (2007).
249:
174:
152:
1019:
1001:
216:
87:nitric acid methyl ester, nitrooxymethane
927:(6th ed.). Wiley-VCH. p. 212.
781:
770:
764:, GED/MW) and in the crystalline state (
1243:Sprengstoffe, Treibmittel, Pyrotechnika
1176:
990:Angewandte Chemie International Edition
913:
911:
909:
894:
892:
633:
245:
1371:
902:(64th ed.). 1983. pp. C–376.
165:
900:CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
727:An extract of the text from the 1420
277:Key: LRMHVVPPGGOAJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
1300:. Hamburg: E.S. Mittler & Sohn.
1240:Koch, Ernst-Christian (2019-06-17).
1239:
979:
977:
948:Black, A. P.; Babers, F. H. (1939).
906:
889:
681:and causes headaches when inhaled.
287:Key: LRMHVVPPGGOAJQ-UHFFFAOYAP
187:
13:
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14:
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1144:The Journal of Physical Chemistry
1105:The Journal of Physical Chemistry
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459:
33:
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455:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
274:InChI=1S/CH3NO3/c1-5-2(3)4/h1H3
1198:
1170:
1131:
1092:
1036:
941:
638:Methyl nitrate is a sensitive
432:Occupational safety and health
284:InChI=1/CH3NO3/c1-5-2(3)4/h1H3
1:
882:
751:
604:of methanol by a mixture of
519:
7:
42:
10:
1410:
969:, vol. 2, p. 412
731:is as follows (written in
684:
524:It can be produced by the
420:6300 m s at ρ=1.217 g cm
15:
1283:. Rascher Verlag, Zürich.
1057:10.1002/hlca.193501801137
801:
672:
648:ethylene glycol dinitrate
449:
429:
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347:77.04 g/mol
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1281:Schieß- und Sprengstoffe
1279:Stettbacher, A. (1948).
777:gas electron diffraction
758:gas-electron diffraction
16:Not to be confused with
1330:"www.feuerwerkbuch.de"
1294:Gartz, Jochen (2007).
1205:Meyer, Rudolf (2008).
1045:Helvetica Chimica Acta
1003:10.1002/anie.201911300
787:
779:
768:, XRD) (see Table 1).
762:microwave spectroscopy
749:
741:
445:Toxic, High Explosive
60:
51:
785:
774:
745:
737:
733:Early New High German
720:and later printed in
697:. This mixture would
59:
50:
1334:www.feuerwerkbuch.de
634:Explosive properties
564:A newer method uses
406:Friction sensitivity
1384:Explosive chemicals
1156:10.1021/j100350a028
1117:10.1021/j100125a016
996:(51): 18557–18561.
795:
628:di-tert-butyl ether
416:Detonation velocity
365:1.203 g/cm, liquid
29:
793:
788:
780:
482:Infobox references
61:
52:
27:
1389:Liquid explosives
1307:978-3-8132-0867-2
1257:978-3-11-055784-8
1218:978-3-527-32009-7
1150:(13): 5162–5165.
1111:(23): 6184–6192.
967:Collected Volumes
955:Organic Syntheses
934:978-3-527-31656-4
880:
879:
766:X-ray diffraction
716:, handwritten in
490:Chemical compound
488:
487:
396:Shock sensitivity
230:CompTox Dashboard
134:Interactive image
65:
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1358:"Methyl nitrate"
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950:"Methyl nitrate"
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1379:Alkyl nitrates
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1351:External links
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1337:. Retrieved
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1188:. Retrieved
1179:
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1073:cite journal
1048:
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746:
743:Translated:
742:
738:
728:
726:
709:
703:
695:World War II
691:Nazi Germany
688:
676:
664:
660:blasting cap
650:, and other
637:
624:chloroethane
621:
618:
598:distillation
595:
563:
526:condensation
523:
504:and has the
493:
492:
441:Main hazards
430:
93:Identifiers
85:Other names
18:nitromethane
530:nitric acid
502:nitric acid
435:(OHS/OSH):
352:Appearance
317:Properties
172:100.009.039
1373:Categories
1339:2020-06-15
1266:1107346317
1248:De Gruyter
1082:|url=
921:Explosives
883:References
799:Parameter
667:volatility
656:detonation
343:Molar mass
218:LAD9RT85ES
145:ChemSpider
121:3D model (
100:CAS Number
76:IUPAC name
1316:153884719
1227:244068971
1164:0022-3654
1125:0022-3654
1065:0018-019X
1012:1433-7851
876:131.4(4)
873:128.6(1)
858:113.6(3)
855:113.3(1)
847:1.205(1)
844:1.204(1)
833:1.403(2)
830:1.388(1)
822:1.425(3)
819:1.451(1)
752:Structure
699:evaporate
640:explosive
602:nitration
520:Synthesis
1030:31573130
869:terminal
865:terminal
840:terminal
722:Augsburg
606:sulfuric
580:I + AgNO
544:OH + HNO
534:methanol
425:Hazards
110:598-58-3
1364:. NIST.
1362:Webbook
1084:value (
1021:6916544
811:GED/MW
718:Dresden
693:during
685:History
475:what is
473: (
361:Density
355:Liquid
337:
185:PubChem
1314:
1304:
1264:
1254:
1225:
1215:
1190:29 May
1162:
1123:
1080:Check
1063:
1028:
1018:
1010:
931:
852:C–O–N
673:Safety
610:vapour
470:verify
467:
410:High
400:High
308:(=O)OC
301:SMILES
70:Names
1184:(PDF)
925:(PDF)
827:N–OC
679:toxic
592:+ AgI
498:ester
266:InChI
198:11724
154:11231
123:JSmol
1312:OCLC
1302:ISBN
1262:OCLC
1252:ISBN
1223:OCLC
1213:ISBN
1192:2024
1160:ISSN
1121:ISSN
1086:help
1061:ISSN
1026:PMID
1008:ISSN
962:: 64
929:ISBN
867:-N-O
816:C–O
808:XRD
760:and
584:→ CH
568:and
548:→ CH
532:and
209:UNII
1152:doi
1113:doi
1053:doi
1016:PMC
998:doi
838:N–O
735:):
724:).
626:or
556:+ H
528:of
500:of
235:EPA
188:CID
20:or
1375::
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1024:.
1014:.
1006:.
994:58
992:.
988:.
976:^
964:;
960:19
958:.
952:.
908:^
891:^
646:,
588:NO
576:CH
572::
552:NO
540:CH
536::
512:NO
508:CH
333:NO
329:CH
1342:.
1318:.
1268:.
1229:.
1194:.
1166:.
1154::
1127:.
1115::
1088:)
1067:.
1055::
1032:.
1000::
971:.
937:.
863:O
590:3
586:3
582:3
578:3
560:O
558:2
554:3
550:3
546:3
542:3
514:3
510:3
465:Y
335:3
331:3
237:)
233:(
125:)
24:.
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