Mexican Americans - Knowledge

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commonly used among Mexican families are consejos (advice). Additional research has supported the idea that parents' consejos have had a significant influence on the education of Mexican American students. Espino (2016) studied the influence that parental involvement had on seven, 1st generation Mexican American PhDs. The study found that one of the participant's father would frequently use consejos to encourage his son to continue his education. The father's consejos served as an encouragement tool, which motivated the participant to continue his education. Consejos are commonly associated with the parents' occupation. Parents use their occupation as leverage to encourage their child to continue his or her education, or else they may end up working an undesirable job (Espino, 2016). While this might not be the most common form of parental involvement, studies have shown that it has been an effective tool that encourages Mexican American students. Although that might be an effective tool for Mexican American students, a mother can be just as an important figure for consejos. A mother's role teaches their child the importance of everyday tasks such as knowing how to cook, clean and care for oneself to be independent and also to help out around the house. The children of single mothers have a huge impact on their children in pushing them to be successful in school to have a better life than what they provided to their children. Most single mothers live in poverty and are dependent of the government, so they want the best for their children so they are always encouraging their children to be focused and do their best.

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a steady decline. In addition, the percentage of births to unmarried mothers increased for females of Mexican descent from 20.3% in 1980 to 40.8% in 2000, more than doubling in that time frame. The study also found that for females of all Hispanic ethnicities, including Mexican origin, "considerably fewer births to unmarried Latino mothers involve partnerships with non-Latino white males than is the case for married Latino mothers. Second, births outside marriage are more likely to involve a non-Latino black father than births within marriage." Additionally, "Unions among partners from different Latino origins or between Latinos and non-Latino blacks are considerably more evident in cohabitation and parenthood than they are in marriage. In particular, unions between Latinos and non-Latino blacks are prominent in parenthood, especially non-marital births." Furthermore, for 29.7% of unmarried births to native-born females of Mexican origin and 40% of unmarried births to females of "Other Latino" origin, which may include Mexican American, information on the father's ethnicity was missing. The study was supported by the US Census Bureau, among other sources.

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Mexican Americans from Whites in Texas. Racial attitudes that supported segregation of African Americans probably arrived in Texas during the 1820s in company with the "peculiar institution," slavery. Anglo-Americans began extending segregation to Mexican Americans after the Texas Revolution as a social custom. Tejanos formed a suspect class during and after the revolution, and that fact led to a general aversion of them. After the Civil War, segregation developed as a method of group control. For both minority groups, segregation existed in schools, churches, residential districts, and most public places such as restaurants, theaters, and barber shops. By the latter years of the nineteenth century, institutionalized segregation flourished legally in places with a visible Black population and was extended informally to Tejanos. Most Texas towns and cities had a "Negro quarter" and a "Mexican quarter."

4480: 3603:(1954), civil rights lawyers for the appellant, named Pedro Hernandez, were confronted with a paradox: because Mexican Americans were classified as White by the federal government and not as a separate race in the census, lower courts held that they were not being denied equal protection by being tried by juries that excluded Mexican Americans by practice. The lower court ruled there was no violation of the Fourteenth Amendment by excluding people with Mexican ancestry among the juries. Attorneys for the state of Texas and judges in the state courts contended that the amendment referred only to racial, not "nationality", groups. Thus, since Mexican Americans were tried by juries composed of their racial group—whites—their constitutional rights were not violated. The US Supreme Court ruling in 3017: 4971:

the notion that Mexicans do not value education by providing evidence that shows the opposite. Setting high expectations and expressing their desire for their children to be academically successful has served as powerful tools to increase of the academic achievement among Mexican American students (Valencia & Black, 2002). Keith and Lichtman (1995) also conducted a research study that measured the influence of parental involvement and academic achievement. The data was collected from the NELS and used a total of 1,714 students that identified as Mexican American (Chicana/o). The study found a higher level of academic achievement among 8th grade Mexican American students and parents who had high educational aspirations for their children (Keith & Lichtman, 1995).

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primary identification as an American. Testing these hypotheses with data from the US Census and national and Los Angeles opinion surveys, Citrin et al. (2007) show that Latinos generally acquire English and lose Spanish rapidly beginning with the second generation, and appear to be no more or less religious or committed to the work ethic than native-born non-Mexican American whites. However, the children and grandchildren of Mexican immigrants were able to make close ties with their extended families in Mexico, since United States shares a 2,000-mile border with Mexico. Many had the opportunity to visit Mexico on a relatively frequent basis. As a result, many Mexicans were able to maintain a strong Mexican culture, language, and relationship with others.

2920: 4553:. Their longitudinal analysis of seven hundred Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban immigrants followed from 1990 to 1995 finds broad support for hypotheses derived from the classical account of assimilation into American society. High income, English-language use, and embeddedness in American social contexts increased Latin American immigrants' geographic mobility into multi-ethnic neighborhoods. US citizenship and years spent in the United States were positively associated with geographic mobility into different neighborhoods while co-ethnic contact and prior experiences of ethnic discrimination decreased the likelihood that Latino immigrants would move from their original neighborhoods and into non-Latino white census tracts. 4804: 4737:

citizenship. Although Mexican Americans were legally classified as "White" in terms of official federal policy, many organizations, businesses, and homeowners associations and local legal systems had official policies to exclude Mexican Americans. Throughout the southwest discrimination in wages were institutionalized in "white wages" versus lower "Mexican wages" for the same job classifications. For Mexican Americans, opportunities for employment were largely limited to guest worker programs. The bracero program, which began in 1942 and officially ended in 1964, allowed them temporary entry into the United States as migrant workers in farms throughout California and the Southwest.

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Progressive era did not improve matters. During the 1920s, Black schoolchildren were more likely to miss school than White students, Black teachers received less pay and training than their White counterparts, and teaching accommodations ordinarily amounted to one-room buildings generally under the tutelage of a single teacher. The same circumstances applied to Hispanic students, who were segregated because some Whites thought them "dirty" and because some White employers desired an uneducated, inexpensive labor pool. Whatever schools existed often suffered from inadequate financing, poor educational facilities, and racist curriculum.

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diverse set of peoples, stereotypes and discriminatory practices will decrease, as awareness and acceptance increase. The diffusion model predicts that new immigrants will break down old patterns of discrimination and prejudice, as one becomes more and more comfortable with the more diverse neighborhoods that are created through the influx of immigrants. Applying this model to the experiences of Mexican Americans forces one to see Mexican American immigrants as positive additions to the "American melting pot", in which as more additions are made to the pot, the more equal and accepting society will become.

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have been migrating, but to make the transition from one country to another involves re-training and re-adjusting to conform to US laws —i.e. professional licensing is required. Millions crossed into the United States to find work that would help them survive as well as sustain their families in Mexico. However now, Mexican Americans, primarily those who are bilingual are being used by firms to attract immigrant clientele. More value is being placed on Mexican Americans because they possess the ability to communicate with Spanish-speaking clients, thus expanding the customer range of companies.

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groups was 1.6 months shorter than the average school year. Some have interpreted the shortened school year as a "means of social control" implementing policies to ensure that Mexican Americans would maintain the unskilled labor force required for a strong economy. A lesser education would serve to confine Mexican Americans to the bottom rung of the social ladder. By limiting the number of days that Mexican Americans could attend school and allotting time for these same students to work, in mainly agricultural and seasonal jobs, the prospects for higher education and upward mobility were slim.

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education. A key aspect of parental involvement in education is that it can be transmitted in many ways. For a long time, there has been a misconception that the parents of Mexican American students are not involved in their children's education; however, multiple studies have demonstrated that parents are involved in their children's education (Valencia & Black, 2002). It is important to know that the parents of Mexican American students frequently display their involvement through untraditional methods; such as, consejos, home-base practices, and high academic expectations.

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assimilation model. More contemporary models are the polarization model and the diffusion model: The spatial assimilation model posits that as immigrants would live within this country's borders, they would simultaneously become more comfortable in their new surroundings, their socioeconomic status would rise, and their ability to speak English would increase. The combination of these changes would allow for the immigrant to move out of the barrio and into the dominant society. This type of assimilation reflects the experiences of immigrants of the early twentieth century.

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perceived parental involvement, acculturation, and self-esteem had any effect on academic achievement and aspirations. Results from their study demonstrated that perceived parental involvement had an influence on the students' academic achievement and aspirations. Additionally, Carranza et al. noted that among females, those who perceived that their parents expected them to get good grades tended to study more and have higher academic aspirations (2009). The findings suggest that parental expectations can affect the academic performance of Mexican American students.

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Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994. In a 2014 study, The US Census Bureau estimates that by 2050, one in three people living in the United States will be of Latino origin including Mexican Americans. Type 2 diabetes prevalence is rising due to many risk factors and there are still many cases of pre-diabetes and undiagnosed diabetes due to lack of sources. According to the US Department of Health and Human Services (2011), individuals of Mexican descent are 50% more likely to die from diabetes than their white counterparts.

5355:– Colorado has the eighth largest population of Hispanics, seventh highest percentage of Latinos, fourth largest population of Mexican-Americans, and sixth highest percentage of Mexican-Americans in the United States. According to the 2010 census, there are over one million Mexican-Americans in Colorado. Over one-third of the city's population is Mexican-American or Latino, as well as approximately one-fourth of the entire Denver Metropolitan area. About 17% of the cities population is foreign born, mostly from Latin America. 4850: 4252:, former Chairman of the Federal Reserve, has said that the growth of the working-age population is a large factor in keeping the economy growing and that immigration can be used to grow that population. According to Greenspan, by 2030, the growth of the US workforce will slow from 1 percent to 1/2 percent, while the percentage of the population over 65 years will rise from 13 percent to perhaps 20 percent. Greenspan has also stated that immigration reform could be brought about with a "stroke of the pen", referring to the 4426: 4701: 4967:

Study (NELS) of 1988. The data was used to evaluate the influence of parental practices in the 8th grade and their effect on students once they were in the 10th grade. Altschul (2011) noted that home-based parental involvement had a more positive effect on the academic achievement of Mexican American students, than involvement in school organizations. The literature suggests that parental involvement in the school setting is not necessary, parents can impact the academic achievement of their children from their home.

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Chicano (Mexican American) nationalism. The 1968 Los Angeles school walkouts expressed Mexican American demands to end segregation, increase graduation rates, and reinstate a teacher fired for supporting student organizing. A notable event in the Chicano movement was the 1972 Convention of La Raza Unida (United People) Party, which organized with the goal of creating a third party that would give Chicanos political power in the United States.

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that had been advanced as politically "progressive" and had resulted in the removal of the Mexican American landowners of Chavez Ravine, was abandoned after passage of a public referendum prohibiting the original housing proposal and election of a conservative Los Angeles mayor opposed to public housing. Years later, the land acquired by the government in Chavez Ravine was dedicated by the city of Los Angeles as the site of what is now

7130: 5914: 6121: 6667: 6478: 6226: 4518: 4184: 6289: 6142: 6793: 4975: 3443:, which genotyped 104 samples, reported that Mestizo Mexicans are 58.96% European, 35.05% Amerindian, and 5.03% African. According to a 2009 report by the Mexican Genome Project, which sampled 300 Mestizos from six Mexican states and one Indigenous group, the gene pool of the Mexican mestizo population was calculated to be 55.2% percent Indigenous, 41.8% European, 5% African, and 0.5% Asian. A 2012 study published by the 6814: 6625: 6205: 4630:(regarding employment, income, credit checks, etc.) and asked to meet the same general qualifications of their non-Hispanic white peers. In this same study, it was found that Mexican Americans were more likely than non-Hispanic white Americans to be asked to pay a security deposit or application fee and Mexican American applicants were also more likely to be placed onto a waiting list than non-Latino white applicants. 4990:

displayed through various forms. There are numerous studies that suggest that parental expectations are associated with the achievement level of Mexican American students. Future research should continue to study the reasons why Mexican American students perform better when their parents expect them to do well in school. Furthermore, future research can also look into whether gender influences parental expectations.

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Mexican Americans to attend white schools and colleges, mix socially with whites and marry whites: all of these things were impossible for African Americans, largely due to the legalized nature of black-white segregation. Racial segregation was rarely as rigid for Mexican Americans as it was for African Americans, even in situations where African Americans enjoyed higher economic status than Mexican Americans.

13700: 3013:, and other steel-producing regions, where they gained industrial jobs. Like European immigrants, they were attracted to work that did not require proficiency in English. Industrial restructuring in the second half of the century put many Mexican Americans out of work in addition to people of other ethnic groups. Their industrial skills were not as useful in the changing economies of these areas. 4903: 2885:

grants, or as a result of legislation passed after the treaty. Even those statutes which Congress passed to protect the owners of property at the time of the extension of the United States' borders, such as the 1851 California Land Act, had the effect of dispossessing Californio owners. They were ruined by the cost over years of having to maintain litigation to support their land titles.

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the coast and outside the California interior. The California economy was based on agriculture and livestock. In contrast to central New Spain, coastal colonists found little mineral wealth. Some became farmers or ranchers, working for themselves on their own land or for other colonists. Government officials, priests, soldiers, and artisans settled in towns, missions, and presidios.

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motivated by a bias toward the victims' ethnicity or national origin were directed at Latinos. In California, the state with the largest Mexican American population, the number of hate crimes committed against Latinos almost doubled from 2003 to 2007. In 2011, hate crimes against Hispanics declined 31% in the United States and 43% in California. The

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civil rights, and a change in editing procedures to accept reports of "Other race" for respondents who wrote in ethnic Hispanic entries, such as Mexican, Cuban, or Puerto Rican. In 1970, such responses in the Other race category were reclassified and tabulated as white. During this census, the bureau attempted to identify all

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exclude Mexican Americans in a racially discriminatory way. Throughout the Southwest, discrimination in wages was institutionalized in "White wages" versus lower "Mexican wages" for the same job classifications. For Mexican Americans, opportunities for employment were largely limited to guest worker programs.

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Based on current literature, one can conclude that parental involvement is an extremely important aspect of Mexican American students' education. The studies demonstrated that parental involvement is not limited to participating in school activities at the school; instead, parental involvement can be

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Additional research done by Carranza, You, Chhuon, and Hudley (2009) added support to the idea that high parental expectations were associated with higher achievement levels among Mexican American students. Carranza et al. (2009) studied 298 Mexican American high school students. They studied whether

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election to the Los Angeles City Council in 1949 and then to Congress in 1962 also represented this rising Mexican American political power. In the late 1960s the founding of the Crusade for Justice in Denver in and the land grant movement in New Mexico in 1967 set the bases for what would become the

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A study done by the National Research Council (US) Panel on Hispanics in the United States published in 2006 looked at not only marriages, but also non-marriage unions. It found that since at least 1980, marriage for females across all Hispanic ethnic groups, including Mexican Americans, has been in

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makes them highly vulnerable to exploitation by employers. Many employers, however, have developed a "don't ask, don't tell" attitude toward hiring undocumented Mexican nationals. In May 2006, hundreds of thousands of undocumented immigrants, Mexicans and other nationalities, walked out of their jobs

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From 1970 to 1980, there was a dramatic increase in the number of people who identified as "of Other Race" in the census, reflecting the addition of a question on 'Latino origin' to the 100-percent questionnaire, an increased propensity for Latinos to identify as other than White as they agitated for

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Mexican Americans were found to place more importance on social and economic issues than they do on immigration. Those who are not citizens care considerably more about social issues. Both citizens and noncitizens identify ethnic issues as the key problem that Mexican Americans face, highlighting the

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list. The National Film Board said that it was "one of the most popular of a new wave of narrative feature films produced in the 1980s by Latino filmmakers" and that it "celebrates in a direct, approachable, and impactful way, values of self-betterment through hard work and power through knowledge."

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Additional literature has demonstrated that parent involvement also comes in the form of parent expectations. Valencia and Black (2002) argued that Mexican parents place a significant amount of value on education and hold high expectations for their children. The purpose of their study was to debunk

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The diffusion model has also been suggested as a way of describing the immigrant's experience within the United States. This model is rooted in the belief that as time passes, more and more immigrants enter the country. This model suggests that as the United States becomes more populated with a more

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over approximately ten years (1951–1961). The eventual result was the removal of the entire population of Chavez Ravine from land on which Dodger Stadium was later constructed. The great majority of the Chavez Ravine land was acquired to make way for proposed public housing. The public housing plan

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Studies have shown that the segregation among Mexican Americans and Mexican immigrants seems to be declining. One study from 1984 found that Mexican American applicants were offered the same housing terms and conditions as non-Hispanic white Americans. They were asked to provide the same information

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Two marginalized identities has a bigger impact on the oppression and struggles that the oppressed face. This is specially true in the case of women and immigrants. The level of education and the cultural factors directly effect women facing domestic violence, and women with lower levels of literacy

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Genetic studies made in the Mexican population have found their common ancestry at 58.96% European, 31.05% Amerindian and 10.03% African. There is genetic asymmetry, with the direct paternal line predominately European and the maternal line predominately Amerindian. Younger Mexican Americans tend to

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The barrier that the language places on people who are immigrating from Mexico is difficult due to the importance that is placed in the United States related to knowing how to speak English. The lack of support from surrounding people places an even more difficult strain given that there is not much

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For the first time, Mexicans in increasing numbers migrated north into the United States for better economic opportunities. In the early 20th century, the first main period of migration to the United States happened between the 1910s to the 1920s, referred to as the Great Migration. During this time

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One of the most important events in the history of Mexican settlers in California occurred in 1833, when the Mexican Government secularized the missions. In effect this meant that the government took control of large and vast areas of land. The government eventually distributed these lands among the

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settlers outnumbered Tejanos ten to one in the region. Both groups were settled mostly in the eastern part of the territory. The Mexican government became concerned about the increasing volume of Anglo-American immigration and restricted the number of settlers from the United States allowed to enter

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Various reasons for the inferiority of the education given to Mexican American students have been listed by James A. Ferg-Cadima including: inadequate resources, poor equipment, unfit building construction. In 1923, the Texas Education Survey Commission found that the school year for some non-white

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Despite the similarities between Mexican American and African American patterns of segregation, there were important differences. The racial demarcations between whites and blacks in a state like Texas were inviolable, whereas those between whites and Mexican Americans were not. It was possible for

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According to James P. Smith, the children and grandchildren of Hispanic immigrants tend to lessen educational and income gaps with White American. Immigrant Latino men earn about half of what whites make, while second generation US-born Hispanics make about 78 percent of the salaries of their white

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Most immigrants from Mexico, as elsewhere, come from the lower classes and from families generationally employed in lower skilled jobs. They also are most likely from rural areas. Thus, many new Mexican immigrants are not skilled in white collar professions. Recently, some professionals from Mexico

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The Mexican American population was still concentrated in Southwestern states such as Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Texas, and California in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Mexican Americans starting moving from the southwestern to large northeastern and midwestern cities after World War II. Large

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Thus in Mexico, the term "Mestizo", while still applying mostly to people who are of mixed European and Indigenous descent, to various degrees, has become more of a cultural label rather than a racial one. It is vaguely defined and may include people who do not have Indigenous ancestry, people who

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embarked on a program of economic modernization that triggered not only a wave of internal migration in Mexico from rural areas to cities, but also Mexican emigration to the United States. A railway network was constructed that connected central Mexico to the US border and also opened up previously

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who colonized Texas in the Spanish Colonial Period established a government in Texas that desired independence from Spanish-ruled Mexico. In those days, there was no concept of identity as Mexican. Many Mexicans were more loyal to their states/provinces than to their country as a whole, which was a

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The 1930 US census added a separate category for "color" or "race" which declassified Mexicans as white. Census workers were instructed to write "W" for white and "Mex" for Mexican. Other categories were "Neg" for Negro; "In" for Amerindian; "Ch" for Chinese; "Jp" for Japanese; "Fil" for Filipino;

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While Mexico does not have comprehensive modern racial censuses, some international publications believe that Mexican people of predominately European descent (Spanish or other European) make up approximately one-sixth (16.5%); this is based on the figures of the last racial census in the country,

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came to the United States from Argentina. In 2015, the United States admitted 157,227 Mexican immigrants, and as of November 2016, 1.31 million Mexicans were on the waiting list to immigrate to the United States through legal means. A 2014 survey showed that 34% of Mexicans would immigrate to

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Following the concession of California to the United States under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Mexicans were repeatedly targeted by legislation that targeted their socio-economic standing in the area. One significant instance of this is exemplified by the passage of legislation that placed the

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In California, Mexican settlement had begun in 1769 with the establishment of the Presidio and Catholic mission of San Diego. 20 more missions were established along the California coast by 1823, along with military Presidios and civilian communities. Settlers in California tended to stay close to

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Another study emphasized the importance of home-based parental involvement. Altschul (2011) conducted a study that tested the effects of six different types of parental involvement and their effect on Mexican American students. The study used previous data from the National Education Longitudinal

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Polarization model suggests that the immigration of non-black minorities into the United States further separates blacks and whites, as though the new immigrants are a buffer between them. This creates a hierarchy in which blacks are at the bottom, whites are at the top, and other groups fill the

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This model of immigration and residential segregation, explained above, is the model which has historically been accurate in describing the experiences of Latino immigrants. However, the patterns of immigration seen today no longer follows this model. This old model is termed the standard spatial

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Huntington (2005) argues that the sheer number, concentration, linguistic homogeneity, and other characteristics of Latin American immigrants will erode the dominance of English as a nationally unifying language, weaken the country's dominant cultural values, and promote ethnic allegiances over a

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In the past, Mexicans were legally considered "White" because either they were accepted as being of Spanish ancestry, or because of early treaty obligations to Spaniards and Mexicans that conferred citizenship status to Mexican peoples before the American Civil War. Numerous slave states bordered

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An autosomal ancestry study performed in 2007 on residents of Mexico City reported that the European ancestry of Mexicans was 52%, with the rest being Amerindian and some African contribution. Maternal ancestry was analyzed, with 47% being of European origin. Unlike previous studies that included

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was taking place, creating turmoil within and against the Mexican government causing civilians to seek out economic and political stability in the United States. Over 1.3 million Mexicans relocated to the United States from 1910 well into the 1930s, with significant increases each decade. Many of

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Price, Alkes L.; Patterson, Nick; Yu, Fuli; Cox, David R.; Waliszewska, Alicja; McDonald, Gavin J.; Tandon, Arti; Schirmer, Christine; Neubauer, Julie; Bedoya, Gabriel; Duque, Constanza; Villegas, Alberto; Bortolini, Maria Catira; Salzano, Francisco M.; Gallo, Carla; Mazzotti, Guido; Tello-Ruiz,

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among Mexican Americans in the United States. Mexican American men have higher prevalence rates in comparison to non-Latinos, whites and blacks. "The prevalence of diabetes increased from 8.9% in 1976–1980 to 12.3% in 1988–94 among adults aged 40 to 74" according to the third National Health and

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Literature has demonstrated that parental involvement has had a positive influence in the academic achievement of Mexican American students. Studies have shown that Mexican families show their value towards education by using untraditional methods (Kiyama, 2011). One educational practice that is

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When comparing the contemporary segregation of Mexican Americans to that of Black Americans, some scholars claim that "Hispanic segregation is less severe and fundamentally different from Black residential segregation." suggesting that the segregation faced by Latinos is more likely to be due to

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took place from June 3–8, 1943, in Los Angeles involving white American servicemen stationed in Southern California and young Latino and Mexican American city residents. It was one of the dozen wartime industrial cities that suffered race-related riots in the summer of 1943. White servicemen and

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Although Mexican Americans were legally classified as "white" in terms of official federal policy, socially they were seen as "too Indian" to be treated as such. Many organizations, businesses, and homeowners associations and local legal systems had official policies in the early 20th century to

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is probably the most famous Tejano to be involved in the War of Texas Independence. His story is complex because he joined the Anglo rebels and helped defeat the Mexican forces of Santa Anna. But later on, as Mayor of San Antonio, he and other Tejano felt the hostile encroachments of the growing

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Silva-Zolezzi, Irma; Hidalgo-Miranda, Alfredo; Estrada-Gil, Jesus; Fernandez-Lopez, Juan Carlos; Uribe-Figueroa, Laura; Contreras, Alejandra; Balam-Ortiz, Eros; del Bosque-Plata, Laura; Velazquez-Fernandez, David; Lara, Cesar; Goya, Rodrigo; Hernandez-Lemus, Enrique; Davila, Carlos; Barrientos,

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Parents are commonly associated with being a child's first teacher. As the child grows older, the parent's role in their child's learning may change; however, a parent will often continue to serve as a role model. There are multiple research articles that have looked at parental involvement and

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have been growing in size since 2010. According to Gutiérrez, Ramón throughout the 1980s, single Mexican women have made up an important portion of this migration, they are representing up to 40% of the total immigrant movement. Mexican women are mostly employed in service-related jobs such as

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Although many Mexican Americans descend from indigenous Amerindians, and although many Mexican Americans have been in country for many generations, Mexicans are often seen and stereotyped as newly arrived cultural parasites and border hoppers in the United States. Mexican men are stereotyped as

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in June 2007, 63% of Americans would support an immigration policy that would put undocumented immigrants on a path to citizenship if they "pass background checks, pay fines and have jobs, learn English", while 30% would oppose such a plan. The survey also found that if this program was instead

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Mexican Americans have the highest fertility rate in the United States. While only 10% of the United States's population was Mexican American in the year 2008, 16% of the country's births were to Mexican mothers. Mexican-Americans are generally younger than other racial and ethnic groups in the

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ethnic segregation (also based on residential patterns), increase graduation rates, and reinstate a teacher fired for supporting student political organizing. A notable event in the Chicano movement was the 1972 Convention of La Raza Unida (United People) Party, which organized with the goal of

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draft. An estimated 4.6 million Mexican immigrants were pulled into the United States through the Bracero Program from the 1940s to the 1960s. The lack of agricultural laborers due to increases in military drafts for World War II opened up a chronic need for low-wage workers to fill jobs.

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Although the treaty promised that the landowners in this newly acquired territory would have their property rights preserved and protected as if they were citizens of the United States, many former citizens of Mexico lost their land in lawsuits before state and federal courts over terms of land

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While both Mexican American and African American minorities were subject to segregation and racial discrimination, they were treated differently. Segregation is the physical separation of peoples on the basis of ethnicity and social custom historically applied to separate African Americans and

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magazine reported that the number of hate groups in the United States increased by 33% since 2000, with illegal immigration being used as a foundation for recruitment. According to the 2011 Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Hate Crimes Statistics Report, 56.9% of the 939 victims of crimes

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program which was intended to encourage people to voluntarily move to Mexico, but thousands were deported against their will. During the 1930s, between 355 000 and 1 million individuals were repatriated or deported to Mexico, approximately 40 to 60 percent of which were actually United States

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In the late 1960s the founding of the Crusade for Justice in Denver and the land grant movement in New Mexico in 1967 set the bases for what would become known as Chicano (Mexican American) nationalism. The 1968 Los Angeles, California school walkouts expressed Mexican-American demands to end

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heaviest tax burden on land. The fact that there was such a heavy tax on land was important to the socio-economic standing of Mexican Americans, because it essentially limited their ability to retain possession of the Ranchos that had been originally granted to them by the Mexican government.

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Historically, immigrants first settled in immigration hubs, where immigrants of similar background settle after they first arrive to the United States. Although they are segregated from the general population, hubs have helped many immigrants to acclimate to the United States, learn English,

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Although the law specified until 1890 that Black schools were to have equal access to the common school fund, they often did not. In the early twentieth century, Black and Mexican schools faced lamentable conditions endemic in an antiquated educational system, and educational reforms of the

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This identification as "some other race" reflects activism among Mexican Americans as claiming a cultural status and working for their rights in the United States, as well as the separation due to different language and culture. Hispanics are not a racial classification but an ethnic group.

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In the past, Mexicans were legally considered "White" because either they were considered to be of full Spanish heritage, or because of early treaty obligations to Spaniards and Mexicans that conferred citizenship status to Mexican peoples at a time when whiteness was a prerequisite for US

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In times and places in the United States where Mexicans were classified as White, they were permitted by law to intermarry with what today are termed "non-Latino whites". Social customs typically approved of such marriages only if the Mexican partner was not of visible Indigenous ancestry.

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Trend of Mexican migration to the United States. Here the term immigrant refers to those who were not born in the United States but are now currently residing in the United States. This can include naturalized US citizens, legal permanent residents, employees and students on visas, and the

3239:, which was promoted by the post-revolutionary Mexican government in an effort to create a united Mexican ethno-cultural identity with no racial distinctions. It is because of this that sometimes the Mestizo population in Mexico is estimated to be as high as 93% of the Mexican population. 9001:

en el censo de 1930 el gobierno mexicano dejó de clasificar a la población del país en tres categorías raciales, blanco, mestizo e indígena, y adoptó una nueva clasificación étnica que distinguía a los hablantes de lenguas indígenas del resto de la población, es decir de los hablantes de

2849:. On July 9, US military forces reached Sonoma; they lowered the Bear Flag Republic's flag, replacing it with a US flag. Californios organized an army to defend themselves from invading American forces after the Mexican army retreated from Alta California to defend other parts of Mexico. 4300:

schooling in a number of Western states during the Depression era. In Wyoming, the segregation of Mexican children—regardless of US citizenship—mirrored the South's Jim Crow laws. The segregation of Mexicans also occurred in California and in neighboring Colorado, Montana, and Nebraska.

3116:

were founded. By the early 21st century, the states with the largest percentages and populations of Mexican Americans are California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Colorado, Nevada and Utah. There have also been markedly increasing populations in Oklahoma, Pennsylvania and Illinois.

11549: 4421:

is recorded exhibiting prejudice toward Mexican Americans and African Americans. Referring to Latinos he states, "At the present time they steal, they're dishonest, but they do have some concept of family life. They don't live like a bunch of dogs, which the Negroes do live like."

4211:

signed into law by President Ronald Reagan, which granted citizenship to Mexican nationals living and working without documentation in the US). Governmentalities have been the result of unequal relations with its northern neighbors versus a response to more locally driven needs.

4542:

service workers, housekeepers, and nannies, with a smaller involvement in agricultural labor. While Mexicans who have strong academic skills, have been granted with legal status in the United States, and their percentage is less compared to the infusion of unskilled immigrants.

4494:

There have been increases in average personal and household incomes for Mexican Americans in the 21st century. US-born Americans of Mexican heritage earn more and are represented more in the middle and upper-class segments more than most recently arriving Mexican immigrants.

4292:

Throughout US history, Mexican Americans have endured various types of negative stereotypes which have long circulated in media and popular culture. Mexican Americans have also faced discrimination based on ethnicity, race, culture, poverty, and use of the Spanish language.

4335:

During World War II, more than 300,000 Mexican Americans served in the US armed forces. Mexican Americans were generally integrated into regular military units; however, many Mexican–American War veterans were discriminated against and even denied medical services by the

4936: 2860:

The United States had first come into conflict with Mexico in the 1830s, as the westward spread of United States settlements and of slavery brought significant numbers of new settlers into the region known as Tejas (modern-day Texas), then part of Mexico. The

2852:

The Californios defeated an American force in Los Angeles on September 30, 1846. In turn, they were defeated after the Americans reinforced their forces in what is now southern California. Tens of thousands of miners and associated people arrived during the

2957:– overwhelmingly children. Voluntary repatriation was much more common during the repatriations than formal deportation. According to legal professor Kevin R. Johnson, the repatriation campaign was based on ethnicity and meets the modern legal standards of 2774:

Although the events of 1836 led to independence for the people of Texas, the Latino population of the state was very quickly disenfranchised, to the extent that their political representation in the Texas State Legislature disappeared entirely for several

7794: 2620:. Mexicans living in the United States after the treaty was signed were forced to choose between keeping their Mexican citizenship or becoming a US citizen. Few chose to leave their homes, despite the changes in national government. The majority of these 3661:

program, begun in 1942 during World War II, when many United States men were drafted for war, allowed Mexicans temporary entry into the United States as migrant workers at farms throughout California and the Southwest. This program continued until 1964.

3546:. This practice continued through the 1960 census. The 1960 census also used the title "Spanish-surnamed American" in their reporting data of Mexican Americans; this category also covered Cuban Americans, Puerto Ricans and others under the same category. 9496: 4691:

Legally, Mexican Americans could vote and hold elected office, however, it was not until the creation of organizations such as the League of United Latin America Citizens and the G.I. Forum that Mexican Americans began to achieve political influence.

2857:, and their activities in some areas meant the end of the Californios' ranching lifestyle. Many of the English-speaking 49ers turned from mining to farming and moved, often illegally, onto land granted to Californios by the former Mexican government. 11447:

Carranza, Francisco D.; You, Sukkyung; Chhuon, Vichet; Hudley, Cynthia (22 June 2009). "Mexican American adolescents' academic achievement and aspirations: the role of perceived parental educational involvement, acculturation, and self-esteem".

9316:

Marcela; Riba, Laura; Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A.; Canizales-Quinteros, Samuel; Menjivar, Marta; Klitz, William; Henderson, Brian; Haiman, Christopher A.; Winkler, Cheryl; Tusie-Luna, Teresa; Ruiz-Linares, Andrés; Reich, David (June 2007).

2632:. Also called Hispanos, these descendants of independent Mexico from the early-to-middle 19th century differentiate themselves culturally from the population of Mexican Americans whose ancestors arrived in the American Southwest after the 7713: 4827:

middle. In other words, the polarization model posits that Asians and Hispanics are less segregated than their African-American peers because white American society would rather live closer to Asians or Latinos than African-Americans.

2750:

Consistent with its abolition of slavery, the Mexican government banned slavery within the state, which angered American slave owners. The American settlers, along with many of the Tejano, rebelled against the centralized authority of

4857:

The Chicano Moratorium, formally known as the National Chicano Moratorium Committee, was a movement of Chicano anti-war activists that built a broad-based but fragile coalition of Mexican-American groups to organize opposition to the

5762:

New Jersey The North Jersey region (nicknamed "Puebla Jersey" by migrants) is home to Mexican migrants and their descendants primarily from the states of Puebla and Oaxaca. The largest Mexican community is found in the small city of

2821:

With relations between Californios and Americans quickly souring, Fremont returned to Alta California, where he encouraged European-American settlers to seize a group of Castro's soldiers and their horses. Another group seized the

3128:. Notably, according to a Pew Hispanic Center report in 2006 and the Pew Religious Landscape Survey in 2008, Mexican Americans are significantly less likely than other Latino groups to abandon Catholicism for Protestant churches. 4287:

began in the Mexican-American barrios of Los Angeles in the mid-to-late 1940s and during the post-war prosperity of the 1950s. Initially, some youths would place sandbags in the trunk of their customized cars to create a lowered

3424:

have more Indigenous ancestry; in those studied born between the 1940s and 1990s, there was an average increase in Indigenous ancestry of 0.4% per year. Though there is no simple explanation, it is possibly some combination of

4602:

In addition, based on 2000 data, there is a significant amount of ethnic absorption of ethnic Mexicans into the mainstream population with 16% of the children of mixed marriages not being identified in the census as Mexican.

10808: 5785:

at #2), despite being much smaller cities. The Mexican population of these respective cities began to grow in the 1990s from the tens into the hundreds, to around 8,000 each by 2020. New Haven has thousands of migrants from

4785:

decision, held that the forced segregation of Mexican American students into separate "Mexican schools" was unconstitutional and unlawful because Mexicans were white. It was the first ruling in the United States in favor of

9177:

Spear, Melissa L; Diaz-Papkovich, Alex; Ziv, Elad; Yracheta, Joseph M; Gravel, Simon; Torgerson, Dara G; Hernandez, Ryan D (2020-12-29). Sohail, Mashaal; Wittkopp, Patricia J; Sohail, Mashaal; Wojcik, Genevieve L (eds.).

2952:

and the Department of Labor. The government deported at least 82,000 people. Between 355,000 and 1,000,000 were repatriated or deported to Mexico in total; approximately forty to sixty percent of those repatriated were

4790:

In the 1940s in Texas, Mexican American children were at times forced to register at "Mexican schools", where classroom conditions were poor, the school year was shorter, and the quality of education was substandard.

3621:

While Mexican Americans served in all-White units during World War II, many Mexican–American veterans continued to face discrimination when they arrived home; they created the G.I. Forum to work for equal treatment.

3753:

Mexican American communities developed in cities in the northeast and midwest such as St. Louis, Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, and Pittsburgh. Around 90 percent of Mexicans in the United States live in urban areas.

3166:

has led in part to an increased polarization in the nation over an increasingly diverse population. Mexican Americans have increasingly settled in areas other than traditional centers in the Southwest and Chicago.

2563:. In 2019, 71% of Mexican Americans were born in the United States. Mexicans born outside the US make up 53% of the total population of foreign-born Hispanic Americans and 25% of the total foreign-born population. 3577:

For certain purposes, respondents who wrote in "Chicano" or "Mexican" (or indeed, almost all Latino origin groups) in the "Some other race" category were automatically re-classified into the "White race" group.

3542:. Instructions for enumerators were: "Mexicans – Report 'White' (W) for Mexicans unless they are definitely of Indigenous or other non-white race." During the same census, however, the bureau began to track the 2691:

Mexican Americans of Spanish and Indigenous descent, Spanish settlers, other Hispanicized European settlers who settled in the Southwest during Spanish colonial times, as well as local and Mexican Amerindians.

3476:

notable figure in the U.S. Census Bureau, serving as its director from 1974 to 1979, where he played a key role in modernizing census methodologies and improving the use of data for public policy and planning.

2592:

ancestry, with the latter being of mostly Spanish origins. Those of indigenous ancestry descend from one or more of the over 60 indigenous groups in Mexico (approximately 200,000 people in California alone).

3223:

The meaning of the word has changed through time, and in the early 21st century, it is used to refer to the segment of the Mexican population who are of at least partial Indigenous ancestry, but do not speak

14534: 4031:

Family units and structures are typically larger among Mexican Americans. Parents and elders are treated with a high degree of respect by Mexican Americans. Mexican Americans often celebrate Quinceanerais.

3568:

From 1980 on, the Census Bureau has collected data on Latino origin on a 100-percent basis. The bureau has noted in 2002 that an increasing number of respondents identify as of Latino origin but not of the

2771:

Anglo power against them. After receiving a series of death threats, Seguín relocated his family in Mexico. He was coerced into military service and fought against the US in 1846–1848 Mexican–American War.

2464: 11419:

Keith, Patricia B.; Lichtman, Marilyn V. (1994). "Does parental involvement influence the academic achievement of Mexican-American eighth graders? Results from the National Education Longitudinal Study".

1294: 5101:– Unincorporated community of roughly 130,000, name synonymous with Mexican Americans, 97% Hispanic, 88% of Mexicans are immigrant, 40% of east L.A. residents reportedly Mexican including American-born. 2869:

in 1853, extended US control over a wide range of territory once held by Mexico, including the present-day borders of Texas and the states of New Mexico, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, Arizona and California.

14361: 5722:

New York City – Mexicans are the third largest Hispanic ethnic group after Puerto Ricans and Dominicans. New York City's Mexican population ranked 11th among major American cities in 2000 at 186,872.

1700: 12678:

Seligman, Rebecca; Mendenhall, Emily; Valdovinos, Maria D.; Fernandez, Alicia; Jacobs, Elizabeth A. (March 2015). "Self-care and Subjectivity among Mexican Diabetes Patients in the United States".

8992: 9786: 4241:

Some immigrants to the United States, both from Mexico and elsewhere, oppose illegal immigration, even if they once lacked documents themselves. However, according to a survey conducted by the

3503:. The Census Bureau estimates that during this period the number of persons who could not be categorized as white or black did not exceed 0.25% of the total population based on 1860 census data. 3100:

Since there were not many job opportunities in their country, Mexicans moved to the United States to gain work. They often had to settle for low-paying jobs, including as agricultural workers.

2948:

in the 1930s, many Mexicans and Mexican Americans were repatriated to Mexico. Many deportations were overseen by state and local authorities who acted on the encouragement of Secretary of Labor

10368:

Sandoval, Denise M. (2013). "The Politics of Low and Slow/Bajito y Suavecito: Black and Chicano Lowriders in Los Angeles, from the 1960s through the 1970s". In Kun, Josh; Pulido, Laura (eds.).

7030: 4414:

violated the Fourteenth Amendment of the Federal Constitution from 1868. The case involved Andrea Perez, a Mexican-American woman listed as White, and Sylvester Davis, an African American man.

7849: 3085:; demands ranged from the restoration of land grants to farm workers' rights, to enhanced education, to voting and political rights, as well as emerging awareness of collective history. The 1962: 8009: 11767: 8917:"U.S. State Department: "Annual Report of Immigrant Visa Applicants in the Family-sponsored and Employment-based preferences Registered at the National Visa Center as of November 1, 2016" 5488:

Chicago – As of 2021, 571,577 people or 21.2% of the city population, largest Mexican population outside of the Southwest region. Mexicans represent almost 80% of the Latinos in Chicago.

9271:

Martínez-Cortés, G; Salazar-Flores, J; Fernández-Rodríguez, LG; Rubi-Castellanos, R; Rodríguez-Loya, C; Velarde-Félix, JS; Muñoz-Valle, JF; Parra-Rojas, I; Rangel-Villalobos, H (2012).

11004:"Violencia de género y mujeres migrantes en la frontera: el Caso de El Paso, Texas. [Domestic Violence Against Migrant Women at the Border: The Case Study of El Paso, Texas. ]" 10050:

Scruggs, O. (1984). Operation Wetback: The Mass Deportation of Mexican Undocumented Workers in 1954. Labor History, 25(1), 135–137. Retrieved from America: History & Life database.

3428:, changes in migration patterns over time (with more recent immigrants coming from areas of more concentrated Indigenous communities), population growth and other unexamined factors. 2699:

were a notably large majority of the southwest US population. The vast majority of Hispanos are genetically Mestizo with varying degrees of Spanish ancestry, as well as ancestry from

5245:, California – slightly less than one-third of the city's population is Latino, primarily Mexican American, making it the lowest percentage of Latinos of any significant border city. 13645: 10203:"Steven H. Wilson | Brown over "Other White": Mexican Americans' Legal Arguments and Litigation Strategy in School Desegregation Lawsuits | Law and History Review, 21.1" 3484:

changed its racial classification methods for Mexican Americans under United States jurisdiction. The Bureau's classification system has evolved significantly from its inception:

12776: 4395: 4400:

mural by artist David Alfaro Siqueiros, created in 1932, that depicts the struggles of indigenous peoples and critiques imperialism, colonialism, and the exploitation of labor.

2783:

is the term for the Spanish-speaking residents of modern-day California; they were the original Mexicans (regardless of race) and local Hispanicized Amerindians in the region (

13198: 5794:

speakers), where New Haven is the primary destination for migrants. Mexicans are the second largest Hispanic group in both cities, but in both they are heavily outnumbered by

2220: 11392:

Altschul, I. (1 September 2011). "Parental Involvement and the Academic Achievement of Mexican American Youths: What Kinds of Involvement in Youths' Education Matter Most?".

5798:(Bridgeport has the 7th largest Puerto Rican community in the US), there they outnumber Mexicans roughly 4:1 there. Mexicans are the largest groups in the West End and North 13736: 7697: 4324: 2130: 8916: 8775: 2596:

It is estimated that approximately 10% of the current Mexican-American population are descended from residents of the Spanish Empire and later Mexico, which preceded the

13655: 12849: 12165: 5091:. Unsurprisingly, it has the largest Mexican American population in the United States. (according to the 2010 census, L.A. is now 31.9% of Mexican descent with numerous 3266:(0.1%). It is notable that only 5% of Mexican Americans reported being of two or more races despite the presumption of mestizaje among the Mexican population in Mexico. 2802:

arrived in Alta California with a United States force of 60 men on an exploratory expedition. Fremont made an agreement with Comandante Castro that he would stay in the

13218: 12147: 11899:"B03001 HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY SPECIFIC ORIGIN – United States – 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates – Chicago Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI Metro Area" 3216:. Also on a smaller scale, some also have backgrounds of East Asian and Middle Eastern descent (mainly Lebanese). The majority of the Mexican population identifies as 10557: 9414:"Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States" 8437: 7778: 5646:– Largest Mexican-American community bordering a state of Mexico. 74% of El Paso is of Mexican descent, highest percentage of any city with a population of over 500k. 4256:

which would have created a guest worker program and put undocumented immigrants currently residing in the US on a path to citizenship if they met certain conditions.

14615: 12979: 8706:

de la Garza, Rodolfo O. "Interests Not Passions: Mexican-American Attitudes toward Mexico, Immigration from Mexico, and Other Issues Shaping U.S.-Mexico Relations."

3649:

the first Mexican American mayor of a major U.S. city, San Antonio, Texas, in 1981. Cisneros later went on to serve as the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development

3597:

In some cases, legal classification of White racial status has made it difficult for Mexican-American rights activists to prove minority discrimination. In the case

1955: 14751: 11808: 7177: 5139:– About two-thirds are of Mexican ancestry or Hispanic, one of the largest Hispanic (in percentage, the most Mexican American community) populations in California. 11357:

Espino, Michelle M. (2 April 2016). "The Value of Education and Educación : Nurturing Mexican American Children's Educational Aspirations to the Doctorate".

4684:

factors such as lower socioeconomic status and immigration while the segregation of African Americans is more likely to be due to larger issues of the history of

3607:

case held that "nationality" groups could be protected under the Fourteenth Amendment, and it became a landmark in the civil rights history of the United States.

14694: 8886: 7920:

Borunda, Rose; Martinez, Lorena Magdalena (September 2020). "Strategies for Defusing Contemporary Weapons in the Ongoing War Against Xicanx Children and Youth".

2521: 10356:

Over the next few days, crowds of white civilians joined in the rampage, targeting mainly Mexican American youths but also some African Americans and Filipinos.

5305:– Nearly one-third of the city's population is Mexican American or of Hispanic origin; San Jose has the largest Mexican American population within the Bay Area. 13519: 12632: 11472: 2916:

isolated regions. The second factor was the shift in land tenure that left Mexican peasants without title or access to land for farming on their own account.

2225: 7750: 7509: 15837: 14487: 12327: 11041: 11003: 7212: 5593: 4317:

citizens – overwhelmingly children. Voluntary repatriation was far more common than formal deportation. In the post-war era, the Justice Department launched

1796: 14298: 12961: 4453:

offended Mexican Americans by stating "They're bringing drugs. They're bringing crime. They're rapists. And some, I assume, are good people." He built the

1948: 1630: 12970: 9671: 3449:

found the deep paternal ancestry of the Mexican Mestizo population to be predominately European (64.9%) followed by Amerindian (30.8%) and African (5%).

15963: 15953: 15913: 12122: 11872: 9151: 8996: 3453:

only Mexicans who self-identified as Mestizos, the only criteria for sample selection in this study was that the volunteers self-identified as Mexicans.

3113: 2818:, raised a US flag and vowed to fight to the last man to defend it. After three days of tension, Fremont retreated to Oregon without a shot being fired. 2210: 1299: 13191: 11701: 11492: 9413: 8377: 11775: 9896: 9862: 8115: 13729: 12148:"B03001 HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY SPECIFIC ORIGIN – United States – 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates – Milwaukee County, Wisconsin" 11169: 9557: 5755:

Detroit – In the early 1900s, many Mexican American families moved to Michigan and Detroit. The epicenter of Detroit's Mexican American community is

4537:

counterparts and by the third generation US-born Latinos make on average identical wages to their US-born white counterparts. However, the number of

3538:

In the 1940 census, due to widespread protests by the Mexican American community following the 1930 changes, Mexican Americans were re-classified as

13007: 10827: 8073: 8035: 4652:

has several meanings, but often refers to controversy surrounding government acquisition of land largely owned by Mexican Americans in Los Angeles'

14564: 13830: 13660: 13514: 12430: 12257: 12166:"B03001 HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY SPECIFIC ORIGIN – United States – 2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates – Milwaukee city, Wisconsin" 11924: 10202: 2787:) before the United States acquired it as a territory. In the mid-19th century, more settlers from the United States began to enter the territory. 9014:

Lizcano Fernandez, Francisco (August 2005). "Composición étnica de las tres áreas culturales del continente americano al comienzo del siglo XXI".

8655: 7061:

is a distinguished physician and academic leader who has made significant contributions to healthcare and medical education, particularly in Texas

12805: 12069:"B03001 HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY SPECIFIC ORIGIN – United States – 2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates – Waukegan city, Illinois" 11979:"B03001 HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY SPECIFIC ORIGIN – United States – 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates – Dupage County, Illinois" 8013: 7816:"Table 4. Top Five States for Detailed Hispanic or Latino Origin Groups With a Population Size of One Million or More in the United States: 2010" 5080: 11943:"B03001 HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY SPECIFIC ORIGIN – United States – 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates – Chicago city, Illinois" 11873:"B03001 HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY SPECIFIC ORIGIN – United States – 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates – Chicago city, Illinois" 8754: 7336: 2703:

and various North American Indigenous tribes. New Mexico was far more populated since the 16th century in comparison to Texas & California.

16877: 16837: 14396: 13555: 12087:"B03001 HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY SPECIFIC ORIGIN – United States – 2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates – Lake County, Illinois" 12051:"B03001 HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY SPECIFIC ORIGIN – United States – 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates – Lake County, Illinois" 12033:"B03001 HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY SPECIFIC ORIGIN – United States – 2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates – Aurora city, Illinois" 12015:"B03001 HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY SPECIFIC ORIGIN – United States – 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates – Kane County, Illinois" 11961:"B03001 HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY SPECIFIC ORIGIN – United States – 2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates – Cicero city, Illinois" 11925:"B03001 HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY SPECIFIC ORIGIN – United States – 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates – Cook County, Illinois" 10904: 8323: 7072:, which then affects the levels of glucose. The prevalence of diabetes in the United States is constantly rising. Common types of Diabetes are 4226: 4204: 4154: 3440: 3251: 1936: 1931: 12105:"B03001 HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY SPECIFIC ORIGIN – United States – 2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates – Lake County, Indiana" 12068: 12032: 11997:"B03001 HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY SPECIFIC ORIGIN – United States – 2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates – Elgin city, Illinois" 11996: 11960: 11942: 10450: 15597: 14608: 14440: 13703: 13693: 13235: 13184: 12557: 9303:

In the total population sample, paternal ancestry was predominately European (64.9%), followed by Native American (30.8%) and African (4.2%).

7222: 1778: 12104: 12086: 12050: 12014: 11978: 11898: 9952:"Mexican | Immigration and Relocation in U.S. History | Classroom Materials at the Library of Congress | Library of Congress" 13722: 10614: 8797:"U.S. Religious Landscape Survey: Religious Affiliation, Diverse and Dynamic, February 2008 | Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life" 8681: 4461:

illiterate criminals. Mexican women are depicted as hypersexual. Mexicans are stereotyped as lazy, dirty, physically unattractive menaces.

4337: 4253: 4172: 2968:

implemented by the United States beginning in World War II. They contracted agricultural labor from Mexico due to labor shortages from the

12504: 8509: 7670: 5164:(Riverside/ San Bernardino Counties- and the cities of that namesake) – About a third of the population are of Mexican descent. Including 4348:

to address the concerns of Mexican American veterans who were being discriminated against. The AGIF's first campaign was on the behalf of

16882: 14761: 14729: 14659: 14582: 14392: 14388: 11720: 7202: 5051:

Large Mexican American populations by both size and per capita exist in the following American counties, metropolitan areas, and cities:

4352:, a Mexican American private who was killed in the Philippines while in the line of duty. Upon the return of his body to his hometown of 2954: 2514: 1764: 4308:

have traditionally been from Latin America, the Mexican American community has been the subject of widespread immigration raids. During

14029: 13060: 12784: 12532: 12448: 10285: 4882: 4208: 3488:

From 1790 to 1850, there was no distinct racial classification of Mexican Americans in the US census. The categories recognized by the

2245: 824: 8618: 7280: 5767:, where roughly a quarter of the city's population is of Mexican origin, where Mexicans began to arrive in the 1970s to work in mills. 4446:

which resulted in 23 deaths, was a result of the gunman's racist attitude towards Mexican Americans and Latino immigrants in general.

3461:

organization in 2011, 52% of Mexican respondents said they were mestizos, 19% Indigenous, 6% white, 2% mulattos, and 3% "other race".

15906: 13650: 13629: 13605: 11277:

Valencia, Richard R. (April 2002). "'Mexican Americans Don't Value Education!' On the Basis of the Myth, Mythmaking, and Debunking".

8055: 4581: 4215:

US politicians cited numbers as high as 20 million undocumented immigrants in the United States without providing statistical proof.

4077: 2280: 14779: 9245: 5739:– Atlanta has a sizable Mexican population. Mexicans are the largest Hispanic ethnic group in Atlanta. Mexicans are concentrated in 5383:'s population is Latino, mostly Mexican-American. Many other towns in southern Colorado have high proportions of Mexican-Americans. 5379:

is home to many communities of Hispanics descended from Mexican settlers who arrived during Spanish colonial times. Roughly half of

4576:, German and French ancestry, while her paternal grandparents, who were born in California, were the children of Mexican immigrants. 15019: 14679: 14633: 14601: 14011: 13984: 10304: 7084:

is the more common type of diabetes among Mexican Americans, and is constantly increasing due to poor diet habits. The increase of

4198:

Since the 1960s, Mexican immigrants have met a significant portion of the demand for low cost labor in the United States. Fear of

4158: 3152: 3148: 2205: 1323: 801: 774: 12582: 5453:

Illinois – As of 2021, the state has 1.76 million people of full or partial Mexican ancestry (13.9% of the state population)

4814:

begun by Carmelita Torres at the Santa Fe International Bridge disinfecting plant at the El Paso, Texas and Juarez, Mexico border.

2569:

is a term used by some to describe the unique identity held by Mexican-Americans. The United States is home to the second-largest

15061: 14903: 14878: 14746: 14492: 13918: 13223: 11073: 10526: 8927: 8776:"Changing Faiths: Latinos and the Transformation of American Religion (2006 Hispanic Religion Survey) | Pew Hispanic Center" 7217: 5623: 4479: 4297: 3163: 1801: 1537: 806: 556: 12518: 11312:

Kiyama, Judy Marquez (January 2011). "Family Lessons and Funds of Knowledge: College-Going Paths in Mexican American Families".

10184: 9765: 9699: 5719:– This region of Washington contains many communities of Mexican-American majority thanks to high demand for agricultural labor. 15088: 14719: 14699: 14689: 14654: 14381: 14017: 13577: 12965: 7232: 2742:

was initially a colonial Tejano cause. Mexico encouraged immigration from the United States to settle east Texas and, by 1831,

2507: 1757: 1711: 812: 12893: 12874: 10882:

South, Scott J.; Crowder, Kyle; and Chavez, Erick. "Geographic Mobility and Spatial Assimilation among US Latino Immigrants."

7751:"B05006 PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES – 2019 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates" 7510:"B05006 PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES – 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates" 5606:– Over half of the population in the city proper (53.2%, 705,530) and second largest Mexican population of any city in the US. 16080: 15024: 14674: 14549: 14482: 13134: 12903: 12857: 10947: 10847: 10062:"Crossing Borders: Mexican State Practices, Managing Migration, and the Construction of "Unsafe" Travelers: Crossing Borders" 9811: 9731: 9597: 7207: 3420:

remorse or yet very little patience that comes from those who these Mexican immigrants may find themselves seeking aid from.

3339: 2469: 2350: 2240: 2170: 1791: 357: 268: 12909:

Sánchez, George I (2006). "Ideology, and Whiteness in the Making of the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement, 1930–1960".

12365: 661: 14995: 14794: 14724: 14709: 14559: 13524: 13083: 12843: 10565: 7149: 5295:– California's third largest Mexican-American city by percentage (over 25%) after Long Beach (about 30%). Many live in the 5021:

Los Angeles attracts Mexican American immigrants because of its rich Spanish and Mexican architecture, history and culture.

5012: 4943: 4474: 4004: 2495: 2372: 1304: 711: 292: 12976: 11478: 11099:

Martin, Michael E. Residential Segregation Patterns of Latinos in the United States, 1991–2000. New York: Routledge, 2007.

9929: 6977:

The largest populations of Mexicans are situated in the following metropolitan areas (Source: 2020 ACS 5-Year Estimates):

16064: 15294: 15287: 15220: 15007: 14893: 14734: 14305: 14153: 13592: 13587: 13545: 13498: 13493: 13488: 11059:

James, Franklin J., and Eileen A. Tynan. Minorities in the Sunbelt. New Jersey: The State University of New Jersey, 1984.

7255: 3293: 3259: 3255: 3247: 3220:. In colonial times, Mestizo was understood to be a person of mixed heritage, particularly European and Native American. 2444: 2439: 2434: 1637: 716: 11819: 7956: 2919: 15115: 15012: 14990: 14809: 14669: 14400: 14274: 13989: 13550: 12183: 11144: 7541:"B03001 HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY SPECIFIC ORIGIN – United States – 2022 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates" 7250: 7187: 4679:

focuses on the freeway construction and difficult conditions for the Mexican Americans living in this area at the time.

1605: 1484: 1166: 779: 666: 4194:

faltered a few years after Chavez died in 1993, he became an iconic "folk saint" in the pantheon of Mexican Americans.

2290: 15993: 14846: 14789: 14741: 14664: 14624: 14461: 14414: 13597: 13572: 13562: 13098: 13018: 12241: 10624: 10381: 10349: 10029: 9906: 9872: 9838: 8953: 8573: 8544: 8485: 8234: 7904: 7680: 7638: 7596: 7569: 7485: 5494:– As of 2021, 67,434 people or 79.42% of the city population, the largest Mexican ancestry majority city in the state 4886: 4305: 3078: 3016: 2584:, with more than 60% of Mexican Americans living in the states of California and Texas. They have varying degrees of 2200: 10692:

Salgado, Casandra D.; Ortiz, Vilma (2019-05-03). "Mexican Americans and wealth: economic status, family and place".

9180:"Recent shifts in the genomic ancestry of Mexican Americans may alter the genetic architecture of biomedical traits" 8257: 5557: 5539: 5521: 5503: 5482: 5265:– also with over one million Hispanics, many of whom are Mexican Americans, both US-born and foreign-born (see also 4853:

A plaque honoring Ruben Salazar mounted in the Globe Lobby of the Los Angeles Times Building in downtown Los Angeles

3771:

United States. Mexican Americans also have more children than other races and Hispanic groups in the United States.

14925: 14883: 14868: 14684: 14544: 14333: 13617: 13567: 13540: 7331: 7309: 7172: 4877:, known for his reporting on civil rights and police brutality. The official story is that Salazar was killed by a 3034:

farm worker strike in Coachella Valley, May 1965. Migrant Filipino-American workers asked for a $ 0.15/hour raise.

2798:

Relations between Californios and English-speaking settlers were relatively good until 1846, when military officer

1896: 1665: 17: 13028: 12835:(Volume 1, "Notre Dame History of Hispanic Catholics in the U.S." series), (University of Notre Dame Press, 1994). 8590: 8140: 4962:'s Mexican-American studies program. A new state law HB2281 effectively ended the program, saying it was divisive. 4750:). However, most were not socially considered white, and therefore, according to Historian Neil Foley in the book 2795:

elite of the population in the form of Ranchos, which soon became the basic socio-economic units of the province.

1187: 14935: 14873: 14312: 14056: 13582: 13023: 12987: 8631: 7000: 5597: 5589: 5308: 3749:

Mexican Americans have long been the second largest minority group in the United States after African Americans.

3739: 2878: 1644: 1180: 846: 127: 10134: 9977:"Mexican Immigration to the United States and Its Effect on Mexican Culture and the Family Structure – LatinxKC" 9976: 7655: 3506:

From 1850 through 1920, the Census Bureau expanded its racial categories to include multi-racial persons, under

14980: 14955: 14836: 14756: 14649: 13612: 13165: 13053: 12271: 12205: 10373: 10185:"Life on the Texas-Mexico Border: Myth and reality as represented in Mainstream and Independent Western Cinema" 9675: 9365: 8796: 8536: 7275: 7182: 5640:. 53% of San Antonio is of Mexican descent, highest percentage of any city with a population of over 1 million. 5084: 4959: 4538: 1131: 11631: 10424: 9997: 9466:"Race and Nationality Descriptions from the 2000 US Census and Bureau of Vital Statistics. 2007. May 21, 2007" 5667:

Brownsville,Texas – The Hispanic population of Brownsville is 94.6% due to its proximity to the Mexico border.

16516: 14816: 14784: 14771: 14554: 14507: 13963: 13624: 13207: 12822: 10505: 9421: 4376:

youths who were wearing zoot suits were also attacked. The defiance of zoot suiters became inspirational for

4223: 3677: 2964:

The second period of increased migration is known as the Bracero Era from 1942 to 1964. This referred to the

2684: 2560: 2195: 1983: 1901: 1117: 726: 361: 14259: 1403: 16586: 14888: 14821: 14714: 13160: 13093: 12657: 11738: 10480: 9565: 8510:"Immigration, Repatriation, and Deportation: The Mexican-Origin Population in the United States, 1920–1950" 8456: 8348: 8119: 7167: 7024: 5315: 5098: 4709: 4329: 4176: 3639:

Mexican territory at a time when 'whiteness' was nearly a prerequisite for US citizenship in those states.

3205: 2645: 2585: 2190: 2140: 1843: 471: 353: 13928: 13003: 11165: 11109: 10648:"Trump's border wall was never just about security. It's meant to remind all Latinos that we're unwelcome" 8041: 4803: 2779:

As a Spanish colony, the territory of California also had an established population of colonial settlers.

736: 16852: 16827: 16623: 14960: 14447: 13943: 13103: 12298:"Understanding the Diversity Of Atlanta's Latino Population: Intersections of Race, Ethnicity, and Class" 12297: 11645: 9532: 5677: 5576: 5282: 5252: 4685: 4385: 4008: 3481: 3103: 3020: 2833:

The Henry B. González Convention Center and Lila Cockrell Theater along the San Antonio River Walk. The

2613: 2235: 2230: 1785: 1547: 1145: 1090: 691: 518: 110: 11844: 10790: 10206: 8381: 8156: 4810:

newspaper January 30, 1917, headlinedː "Bill Before Legislature to Prevent Mexicans Voting" depicts the

4673:

Viramontes' childhood neighborhood was divided by the East LA interchange in the early 1960s. The novel

4595:

26.7% of US-born Mexican men and 28.1% of US-born Mexican women were married to non-Hispanic whites; and

3124:, which was largely established in culture during the Spanish and Mexican periods. A large minority are 16608: 14831: 13835: 8659: 8420: 5272: 5203: 3557:

Spanish speakers and persons belonging to a household where the head of household was a Spanish speaker

3263: 3243: 2994: 2581: 2125: 1344: 641: 571: 229: 207: 179: 11790: 11592: 5269:

about 10–20% Hispanic and San Francisco – the Mission District section- the city is 10–20% Hispanic).

2559:

of Mexican heritage. In 2022, Mexican Americans comprised 11.2% of the US population and 58.9% of all

2135: 16832: 16799: 16443: 15923: 15521: 14539: 14148: 13046: 13033: 8327: 7389: 7102: 7036: 7012: 7006: 5456: 5277: 5161: 4866:", a group with roots in the high school student movement that staged walkouts in 1968, known as the 4776: 4744:

laws in most western states until the 1960s, could not legally marry African or Asian Americans (See

4675: 4598:

13.6% of US-born Mexican men and 17.4% of US-born Mexican women were married to Mexico-born Mexicans.

3735: 3445: 3354: 2815: 2687:

of Mexican descent living in New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Colorado, California, and Texas. Most were

1891: 1848: 1580: 1152: 1004: 561: 160: 13893: 12379: 11212: 10283:

1930s Mexican Deportation: Educator brings attention to historic period and its effect on her family

10113: 9465: 9064:"Analysis of genomic diversity in Mexican Mestizo populations to develop genomic medicine in Mexico" 7540: 4237:

and classify undocumented immigrants and anyone who helped them enter or remain in the US as felons.

1527: 696: 16847: 16822: 15606: 15453: 15175: 15125: 15071: 14863: 14475: 14143: 13855: 12519:"Hispanic Population and Origin in Select U.S. Metropolitan Areas, 2014 | Pew Research Center" 12490: 11226: 10458: 10229:""Things change you know": Schools as the Architects of the Mexican Race in Depression-Era Wyoming" 7356: 7089: 7081: 7077: 7073: 5802:

census tracks of Bridgeport, while in New Haven they are the largest national origin group in East

5376: 5287: 5191: 5088: 5066: 4717: 2981: 2862: 2728: 2617: 2145: 1337: 1221: 933: 686: 591: 498: 304: 13933: 13888: 12775:

Drive, American Diabetes Association 2451 Crystal; Arlington, Suite 900; Va 22202 1-800-Diabetes.

12607: 11606: 8903: 8293: 741: 636: 16784: 16391: 15933: 15103: 15039: 14229: 13316: 13256: 10015: 7427: 5815: 5704: 5652:– Heavily populated by Mexican-Americans, who are the ethnic majority, in a region spanning from 5499: 5339: 5335: 5110: 4729: 4648: 4592:

50.6% of US-born Mexican men and 45.3% of US-born Mexican women were married to US-born Mexicans;

4411: 3073:" (Spanish for "Yes we can"), was popularized by Chávez's fast. It became a rallying cry for the 2080: 1886: 1509: 1368: 1235: 546: 513: 142: 12341: 10891: 9806:. American Social and Political Movements of the 20th Century. Taylor & Francis. p. 3. 9270: 8685: 7994: 5302: 16571: 15130: 14985: 14856: 14454: 14078: 14040: 14023: 13285: 11252: 10990:

Hispanic Families in the United States: Family Structure and Process in an Era of Family change

10588: 9951: 7197: 5799: 5716: 5472: 5459:– As of 2021, nearly 1.69 million people or 17.8% of the metro population (which includes 5430: 5327: 5262: 5130: 5120: 5104: 4999: 4725: 4713: 4588:. Based on a sample size of 38,911 US-born Mexican husbands and 43,527 US-born Mexican wives: 4265: 3610: 2696: 2650: 2601: 2574: 2474: 2412: 1831: 1489: 1228: 818: 671: 454: 308: 95: 13261: 12476: 10962: 10937: 10322: 9828: 8181: 7896: 7890: 7779:

Number of Mexican Immigrants and Their Share of the Total U.S. Immigrant Population, 1850–2019

7628: 7586: 2662: 2407: 681: 16751: 16668: 16633: 16628: 16529: 15988: 15958: 15688: 15651: 15573: 15421: 15416: 15029: 14930: 14704: 14529: 14524: 14433: 14347: 14284: 14264: 14133: 13994: 13339: 12321: 12231: 11199: 11035: 10839: 9721: 9587: 8591:"The Forgotten Repatriation of Persons of Mexican Ancestry and Lessons for the War on Terror" 8224: 7559: 7058: 5803: 5657: 5553: 5535: 5517: 5478: 5434: 5364: 5224: 5216: 5175: 5136: 4771: 4766: 4638: 4443: 4275: 3669: 3593:, a Californio statesman and first Mexican to serve in the US House of Representatives (1877) 3121: 3082: 2834: 2636:. The number of Mexican immigrants in the United States has sharply risen in recent decades. 2025: 1881: 1876: 1722: 1679: 1616: 1479: 1408: 784: 566: 508: 11134: 10282: 10092: 9801: 9243: 9126: 7815: 5025: 4503: 4028:

Mexican American culture reflects the influences of Spain, Mexico, and indigenous cultures.

3696: 1532: 16741: 16731: 16721: 16711: 16663: 16554: 16549: 16544: 16534: 15973: 15938: 15928: 15765: 15583: 15553: 15507: 15373: 15348: 15170: 15108: 15000: 14467: 14340: 14088: 14035: 13953: 13948: 13860: 13840: 13680:

The U.S. Census Bureau excludes Brazilian Americans from the "Hispanic or Latino" category.

13429: 13414: 13409: 13364: 13359: 13354: 13344: 12992: 12890:

No Mexicans, women, or dogs allowed: The rise of the Mexican American civil rights movement

9246:"Evaluation of Ancestry and Linkage Disequilibrium Sharing in Admixed Population in Mexico" 9075: 7435: 7304: 7121: 6102: 5756: 5683: 5572: 5468: 5400: 5392: 5388: 5233:

is the highest densely populated Mexican-American region, but by areas of percentage it is

5207: 5183: 5169: 5152: 4313: 4309: 4022: 4013: 3727: 3719: 3369: 2986: 2854: 2345: 2100: 2085: 2070: 2065: 2060: 2045: 2040: 1926: 1672: 1446: 1083: 835: 701: 656: 596: 576: 51: 14326: 10752:"Weighing the Costs and Benefits of Mexican Immigration: The Mexican-American Perspective" 10400: 9748: 8226:

Las Tejanas: 300 Years of History – Teresa Palomo Acosta, Ruthe Winegarten – Google Boeken

8059: 2762:

Author John P. Schmal wrote of the effect Texas independence had on the Tejano community:

1658: 8: 16736: 16706: 16696: 16686: 16566: 16460: 16059: 16052: 16030: 16008: 16003: 15891: 15812: 15631: 15568: 15538: 15490: 15480: 15433: 15409: 15363: 15358: 15206: 15076: 15034: 14965: 14950: 14945: 14841: 14421: 14163: 13958: 13938: 13424: 13404: 13394: 13384: 13311: 13155: 10061: 9249: 7699:

On religion, Mexicans are more Catholic and often more traditional than Mexican Americans

7381: 7227: 7192: 7018: 6982: 5839: 5764: 5426: 5292: 5266: 5230: 5124: 5034: 4585: 4550: 4353: 4242: 4234: 4190:'s supporters say his work led to numerous improvements for union laborers. Although the 4179:, which deals with the issue of migration in the context of the United States and Mexico. 4166: 4081: 4069: 3731: 3614: 3586: 3225: 3140: 3066: 3038: 3027: 3002: 2362: 2340: 2250: 2095: 2035: 2020: 2010: 2000: 1771: 923: 885: 756: 706: 263: 196: 12313: 11739:"Riverside, California | City of Arts & Innovation | at Home in Riverside" 11469: 10308: 9079: 8202: 3175:

the United States if given the opportunity, with 17% saying they would do it illegally.

16759: 16726: 16716: 16691: 16600: 16539: 16524: 16509: 15978: 15948: 15876: 15854: 15822: 15800: 15755: 15750: 15745: 15732: 15693: 15683: 15678: 15641: 15616: 15543: 15485: 15448: 15397: 15392: 15264: 15257: 15242: 15225: 15201: 15180: 15165: 15155: 15140: 15120: 15098: 15044: 14975: 14940: 14427: 14291: 14254: 14098: 13913: 13908: 13820: 13789: 13779: 13470: 13460: 13450: 13419: 13389: 13349: 13150: 13108: 12926: 12752: 12727: 12169: 12151: 12108: 12090: 12072: 12054: 12036: 12018: 12000: 11982: 11964: 11946: 11928: 11902: 11876: 11374: 11339: 11294: 10771: 10717: 10401:"Perez v. Sharp – 32 Cal.2d 711 – Fri, 10/01/1948 | California Supreme Court Resources" 10250: 9342: 9317: 9214: 9179: 9098: 9063: 8846: 8821: 7976: 7937: 7754: 7544: 7513: 7491: 7398: 7341: 6882: 5661: 5545: 5414: 5404: 5384: 5331: 5323: 5296: 5199: 5165: 5148: 5142: 4917: 4867: 3715: 3665: 3599: 3425: 3086: 3077:

or Mexican-American civil rights movement. The Chicano movement aimed for a variety of

3042: 3031: 2937: 2846: 2823: 2807: 2803: 2756: 2633: 2075: 2050: 2005: 1623: 1499: 1398: 1052: 1047: 852: 676: 651: 541: 493: 433: 413: 169: 13714: 10751: 10533: 9060: 7286: 4498: 4097: 3711:

Mexican Americans are concentrated in California (34%), Texas (26%) and Arizona (5%).

3458: 3162:

The struggle of presidents of both Democratic and Republican administrations to solve

3093:

is traditionally seen as the start of the more radical phase of the Chicano movement.

16817: 16701: 16643: 16035: 16020: 16013: 15983: 15943: 15918: 15901: 15859: 15827: 15817: 15790: 15785: 15780: 15775: 15770: 15720: 15715: 15708: 15698: 15636: 15621: 15563: 15558: 15526: 15495: 15458: 15443: 15426: 15385: 15353: 15331: 15304: 15252: 15150: 15145: 15135: 15093: 15081: 14970: 14920: 14354: 13850: 13845: 13465: 13445: 13399: 13129: 13088: 12949: 12853: 12799: 12757: 12739: 12703: 12695: 12237: 11650: 11465: 11457: 11378: 11298: 11191: 11140: 11023: 10943: 10887: 10843: 10767: 10721: 10709: 10620: 10377: 10345: 10270:

Strategies of Segregation: Race, Residence, and the Struggle for Educational Equality

10254: 10188: 9902: 9868: 9834: 9807: 9727: 9703: 9593: 9347: 9294: 9219: 9201: 9103: 8851: 8569: 8540: 8481: 8477:

Unwanted Mexican Americans in the Great Depression: Repatriation Pressures, 1929–1939

8230: 7980: 7941: 7900: 7729: 7676: 7634: 7613: 7592: 7565: 7495: 7481: 7065: 5749:– Mexicans are one of the largest Hispanic groups in New Orleans following Hondurans. 5712: 5629: 5358: 5319: 5212: 4994: 4721: 4507: 4373: 4345: 4318: 4207:

to support immigration reform (many in hopes of a path to citizenship similar to the

3309: 3156: 3062: 3046: 2720: 2275: 2090: 2015: 1693: 1686: 626: 586: 581: 16433: 16247: 14593: 14083: 11343: 8822:"Explaining the Decline in Mexico-U.S. Migration: The Effect of the Great Recession" 8273: 7068:

refers to a disease in which the body has an inefficiency of properly responding to

3159:

president depended in part on the growing importance of the Mexican American vote.

2759:

regime, while other Tejano remained loyal to Mexico, and still others were neutral.

2330: 890: 16653: 16648: 16638: 16618: 16297: 16175: 16095: 16025: 15998: 15968: 15881: 15864: 15842: 15760: 15671: 15666: 15656: 15592: 15500: 15473: 15463: 15438: 15404: 15336: 15321: 15316: 15311: 15299: 15247: 15237: 15230: 15211: 15187: 15160: 15066: 14799: 14577: 14188: 14178: 14168: 14158: 14045: 13903: 13875: 13769: 13455: 13228: 13069: 12918: 12747: 12687: 12309: 12272:"Percentage of Mexican Population in Oklahoma by City | 2023 | Zip Atlas" 11429: 11401: 11366: 11329: 11321: 11286: 11015: 10835: 10775: 10763: 10701: 10240: 10172:

Batos, Bolillos, Pochos, and Pelados: Class & Culture on the South Texas Border

10073: 9443: 9337: 9329: 9284: 9273:"Admixture and population structure in Mexican-Mestizos based on paternal lineages" 9209: 9191: 9093: 9083: 9023: 8841: 8833: 8715: 8096: 7968: 7929: 7715:

Among U.S. Latinos, Catholicism Continues to Decline but is Still the Largest Faith

7473: 7412: 6567: 6066: 5847: 5527: 5491: 5422: 5418: 5380: 5151:– There is a large Mexican American community in San Gabriel Valley cities such as 5092: 5060: 4910: 4849: 4840: 4693: 4381: 4341: 4121: 4093: 3673: 3590: 3074: 2958: 2945: 2941:

these immigrants found agricultural work, being contracted under private laborers.

2866: 2739: 2735: 2716: 2625: 2320: 2315: 2165: 1504: 1330: 1271: 1138: 1110: 999: 840: 751: 611: 389: 253: 190: 154: 12864:

Making Aztlán: Ideology and Culture of the Chicana and Chicano Movement, 1966–1977

12533:"Detailed Races and Ethnicities in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2020 Census" 11370: 10705: 8142:

Multicultural America: An Encyclopedia of the Newest Americans [4 volumes]

5127:, one of many cities in the region with a large Mexican/Latin American population. 4874: 4754:, Mexicans and Mexican-Americans did marry non-whites typically without reprisal. 4700: 4425: 3767:

The Mexican population has been rapidly increasing in North Carolina and Georgia.

3700: 2912: 16613: 16561: 16202: 16165: 16120: 16047: 15896: 15886: 15849: 15832: 15805: 15740: 15661: 15646: 15626: 15548: 15531: 15512: 15468: 15378: 15368: 15341: 15326: 15282: 14851: 14005: 13865: 13825: 13815: 13306: 12983: 12206:"Percentage of Mexican Population in Nevada by City | 2023 | Zip Atlas" 11325: 11173: 10289: 9379: 8561: 8530: 8515:. Vol. 47, no. 4. The International migration review. pp. 944–975. 8475: 8261: 7404: 7346: 6994: 5740: 5509: 5438: 5410: 5396: 5368: 5248: 5114: 4844: 4811: 4779:. In its ruling, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, in an 4549:

South et al. (2005) examine Hispanic spatial assimilation and inter-neighborhood

4487: 4384:

that worked to embrace a Chicano identity and worldview that combated structural

4360: 3743: 3473: 3324: 2965: 2949: 2806:

only for the winter, then move north to Oregon. However, Fremont remained in the

2799: 2784: 2743: 2629: 2597: 2335: 2030: 1276: 1254: 1173: 961: 895: 795: 601: 551: 536: 273: 248: 122: 13176: 12962:

California Ethnic and Multicultural Archives – In the Chicano/Latino Collections

11519: 10527:"Latino Communities of the Central Valley: Population, Families, and Households" 9518: 5361:– Over one-third of the city's population is Hispanic, mostly Mexican-American. 4819:

accumulate wealth, and once they are established, move into mainstream society.

4708:

in ancestry or national origin by census tracts. Heaviest concentrations are in

3134: 3070: 16794: 16455: 16408: 16272: 16267: 16232: 16217: 15795: 15611: 15578: 15056: 15051: 14234: 14108: 14093: 12886: 12462: 11632:"Cities with the Highest Percentage of Mexicans in California | Zip Atlas" 11290: 10989: 10667: 10647: 9068:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

7933: 7612:

Gutiérrez, Verónica F.; Wallace, Steven P.; Castañeda, Xóchitl (October 2004).

7477: 7421: 7326: 7260: 6735: 6588: 5851: 5824: 5643: 5464: 5017: 4921: 4746: 4658: 4483: 4406: 4349: 4249: 4113: 3757: 3646: 3209: 3197: 3058: 2897: 2842: 2668: 2589: 2295: 1575: 1451: 1373: 1076: 1057: 488: 115: 11110:"ROYBAL, Edward R. | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives" 9027: 8837: 7972: 5413:– The San Luis Valley has many towns with large Mexican-American populations. 4704:

Map of Los Angeles County showing percentage of population self-identified as

4218: 4018: 3635:

creating a third party to give Chicanos political power in the United States.

3189: 2767: 16871: 16500: 16371: 16319: 16307: 16302: 16292: 16282: 16277: 16197: 16170: 16160: 16155: 16150: 15703: 14826: 14319: 14244: 14224: 14128: 14103: 12743: 12699: 12658:"Article: Mexican Immigrants in the United States | migrationpolicy.org" 11027: 10713: 10613:

Gonzales, Phillip B.; Rosaldo, Renato; Pratt, Mary Louise (15 October 2021).

9205: 7558:

Frazier, John W.; Tettey-Fio, Eugene L.; Henry, Norah F. (29 December 2016).

7444: 7375: 7292: 7135: 6988: 6903: 6504: 6336: 5835: 5795: 5726: 5653: 5609: 5460: 5256: 5195: 5040: 5030: 4978: 4939: 4862:. The committee was led by activists from local colleges and members of the " 4741: 4653: 4580:

According to 2000 census data, US-born ethnic Mexicans have a high degree of

4569: 4418: 4372:. While most of the violence was directed toward Mexican American youth, and 3489: 3213: 3171: 3125: 3050: 2845:

as Commander in Chief and on July 5, 1846, he proclaimed the creation of the

2417: 2325: 2285: 1651: 1388: 1363: 900: 345: 300: 219: 173: 137: 105: 11493:"Complete National Film Registry Listing – National Film Preservation Board" 9088: 5701:, Nevada – 70% of Hispanics that are eligible to vote in Nevada are Mexican 5594:

Fifth-largest Mexican-American population and over 1.5 million Mexicans

4752:

The White Scourge: Mexicans, Blacks, and Poor Whites in Texas Cotton Culture

4457:

to prevent undocumented Mexican immigrants from entering the United States.

4229:

in Chicago. The protests began in response to proposed legislation known as

3204:

Ethnically, Mexican Americans are a diverse population made up primarily of

16480: 16356: 16140: 14249: 14203: 14193: 14118: 14113: 12828: 12761: 12707: 12431:"Passaic-Puebla Connection: New Jersey Enclave Rooted in One Mexican State" 11461: 11405: 11019: 9527: 9351: 9298: 9223: 9107: 8855: 7864: 7054: 6756: 6714: 6693: 6609: 5831: 5613: 5044: 4863: 4573: 4565: 4525: 4521: 4450: 4269: 4187: 4129: 4125: 4120:. It also includes the indigenous and Mexican American music styles of the 3144: 3054: 2969: 2873: 2814:. When Castro demanded that Fremont leave Alta California, Fremont rode to 2655: 2621: 1570: 1542: 1461: 1393: 1214: 1159: 1124: 1009: 989: 984: 966: 956: 830: 631: 329: 224: 10037: 8904:

Department of Homeland Security: "2015 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics"

8157:"The U.S.-Mexican War: War (1846–1848): The Borderlands on the Eve of War" 6972: 4775:

was a 1947 federal court case that challenged Mexican remedial schools in

4669: 3642: 16475: 16396: 16376: 16262: 16135: 16040: 14123: 14050: 13999: 13251: 12842:

edited by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 3, Gale, 2014), pp. 195–217.

12404: 8255: 7244: 6399: 6024: 5859: 5778: 5746: 5649: 5603: 5234: 5187: 5156: 4954: 4859: 4391: 4199: 4133: 4109: 3723: 3520: 3469: 3090: 2998: 2780: 2752: 2609: 1565: 1441: 1378: 951: 789: 325: 132: 12930: 11765: 11699: 11190:

White, Michael J.; Bueker, Catherine; Glick, Jennifer E. (August 2002).

10245: 10228: 9289: 9272: 9244:

J.K. Estrada; A. Hidalgo-Miranda; I. Silva-Zolezzi; G. Jimenez-Sanchez.

9196: 8887:"Romani Heritage: A Glimpse Into Mexico's Misunderstood Gypsy Community" 8116:"Latinos and the Changing Face of America – Population Reference Bureau" 4561: 2892: 2711:

colony of Spain. This was particularly true in frontier regions such as

16438: 16381: 16212: 14407: 13898: 13268: 13014:

Think Mexican – News, Culture, and Information on the Mexican Community

12366:"A Glance at New Orleans' Contemporary Hispanic and Latino Communities" 10077: 9764:

Moslimani, Mohamad; Noe-Bustamante, Luis; Shah, Sono (16 August 2023).

7957:"Decolonizing Xicana/x Studies: Healing the Susto of De-indigenization" 7321: 7265: 6546: 6525: 5982: 5820: 5770: 5633: 4906: 4454: 4137: 3010: 2928: 2402: 2392: 1826: 746: 646: 503: 337: 312: 16485: 16237: 12691: 12380:"Mexican Americans in Kansas – Kansapedia – Kansas Historical Society" 11334: 11168:. Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund. April 28, 2008 8984: 7738:

a citizen or resident of the U.S. of Mexican birth or descent; Chicano

5777:, Connecticut have the 1st and 3rd largest Mexican populations in the 5481:– As of 2021, 1,032,984 people or 20.0% of the county population, the 4280: 3707:, the United States' largest Hispanic nonprofit advocacy organization. 3061:, founder of the National Farm Workers Association, and her co-leader 16812: 16789: 16764: 16490: 16386: 16242: 16192: 16110: 14208: 14183: 13321: 12922: 12677: 11433: 11002:

Deusdad-Ayala, Blanca; Moya, Eva M.; Chávez-Baray, Silvia M. (2012).

8324:"American Experience | The Gold Rush | People & Events" 7361: 7157: 6924: 6777: 6378: 6273: 5843: 5774: 5698: 5242: 4913: 4369: 4365: 4230: 4049: 4045: 3431: 3006: 2712: 2700: 2556: 2422: 2357: 1207: 1014: 258: 184: 100: 16222: 13979: 13883: 9700:"JS Online: Filmmaker explores practice of redlining in documentary" 8719: 8656:"Meet the 20 MAKERS Inducted Into the National Women's Hall of Fame" 8092: 5556:– As of 2021, 105,266 people or 15.1% of the county population, the 5538:– As of 2021, 127,648 people or 18.0% of the county population, the 5520:– As of 2021, 140,682 people or 27.1% of the county population, the 5081:

The city proper is home to over 1.2 million of Mexican ancestry

3235:

Such transformation of the word is the result of a concept known as

621: 16769: 16423: 16413: 16341: 16314: 16227: 16207: 16145: 16125: 16105: 16100: 14239: 14138: 13794: 13038: 13013: 10652: 9672:"RACE – History – Post-War Economic Boom and Racial Discrimination" 9333: 8100: 7162: 6861: 6651: 6462: 6420: 6357: 6315: 6252: 6168: 6045: 6003: 5961: 5787: 5575:– As of 2021, 74,884 people or 15.1% of the county population, the 5502:– As of 2021, 98,864 people or 10.7% of the county population, the 5179: 4878: 4517: 4284: 4183: 4117: 4105: 4101: 4065: 3704: 3514: 3508: 3232:

do not have European ancestry, as well as people of mixed descent.

3193: 3184: 2811: 2570: 2367: 1821: 1494: 1383: 994: 423: 349: 13019:

Regiones de origen y destino de la migración México-Estados Unidos

12971:

California Ethnic and Multicultural Archives – Digital Chicano Art

12900:

Chicano! The history of the Mexican American civil rights movement

11721:"Strength in numbers: Hispanics now the majority in Inland Empire" 10616:

Trumpism, Mexican America, and the Struggle for Latinx Citizenship

9062:

Eduardo; March, Santiago; Jimenez-Sanchez, Gerardo (26 May 2009).

8995:(in Spanish). Programa Universitario México Nacion. Archived from 8755:"Mexicans, Dominicans are more Catholic than most other Hispanics" 5600:(third-largest foreign born Mexican population in the US per MSA). 4974: 4873:

The best known historical fact of the Moratorium was the death of

4834: 3617:

became the first Mexican American to serve in the US Senate (1928)

905: 16848:

Race and ethnicity in the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

16581: 16495: 16470: 16418: 16403: 16287: 16115: 16085: 14804: 14198: 13784: 13774: 13764: 13745: 13290: 13278: 12999:

Mexican American News – Network of the Mexican American Community

12774: 9766:"Facts on Hispanics of Mexican origin in the United States, 2021" 8294:

An Ethnic Historic Site Survey for California (Mexican Americans)

7351: 7270: 7085: 7069: 6945: 6840: 6441: 6189: 6087: 5940: 5898: 5855: 5791: 5736: 5637: 5619: 4781: 4529: 4470: 4430: 4377: 4246:

labeled "amnesty", 54% would support it, while 39% would oppose.

4073: 4041: 3761: 3217: 2903: 2688: 2605: 2565: 2397: 928: 428: 418: 377: 341: 333: 14173: 12881:

Leaders of the Mexican American Generation: Biographical Essays.

11666:

Mexican Americans: Leadership, Ideology, and Identity, 1930–1960

11192:"The Impact of Immigration on Residential Segregation Revisited" 10168:

Latino Images in Film: Stereotypes, Subversion, & Resistance

8093:

The Evolution of the Mexican-Born Workforce in the United States

7614:"Demographic Profile of Mexican Immigrants in the United States" 5616:. The majority of Laredo speaks Spanish as their first language. 4740:

Mexican Americans legally classified as "White", following anti-

4664: 3730:. The metropolitan areas with the largest Mexican population is 3246:, the majority (52.8%) of Mexican Americans identified as being 1456: 16774: 16366: 16351: 16346: 16334: 16329: 16257: 16187: 16090: 15869: 14500: 14062: 13799: 12998: 12258:"Mexicans Are Now New York City's Fastest Growing Ethnic Group" 11253:"Death of Rubén Salazar | Smithsonian American Art Museum" 10988:

Nancy S. Landale, R. Salvador Olopesa, and Christina Bradatan.

9830:

An Historical Introduction to American Education: Third Edition

9723:

Black, Brown, Yellow, and Left: Radical Activism in Los Angeles

8313:

State of California, Department of Parks and Recreation. p.207.

8182:"American Experience | Remember the Alamo | Timeline" 8095:(Report). Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. 7561:

Race, Ethnicity, and Place in a Changing America, Third Edition

6672: 6483: 6231: 6126: 5919: 5782: 5680:– As of 2021, 97,796 people or 10.5% of the county population. 5352: 5133:– Over 70.77% of the population is Mexican or Mexican American. 4528:

did decades before and assimilated to the American market like

4368:

attacked and stripped children, teenagers, and youths who wore

4061: 4053: 3581: 3526: 2724: 2707: 2429: 1836: 438: 10114:"FRB: Testimony, Greenspan-Aging population-February 27, 2003" 9176: 5752:

Kansas – There is a large Mexican American presence in Kansas.

4916:

and activist. He was most well known for his role in the 1968

2865:, followed by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 and the 16465: 16448: 16428: 16361: 16324: 16252: 16182: 12838:

Englekirk, Allan, and Marguerite Marín. "Mexican Americans."

11001: 10370:

Black and Brown in Los Angeles: Beyond Conflict and Coalition

6798: 6294: 6147: 5730: 4902: 4356:, he was denied funeral services because of his nationality. 3254:(39.5%), "two or more races" (5.0%), Native American (0.4%), 2924: 2255: 2215: 721: 9152:"The Impact of Language Barriers for Latinos Across America" 8077: 5686:– As of 2021, 77,354 people or 13.4% of the city population. 5548:– As of 2021, 40,229 people or 44.8% of the city population. 5530:– As of 2021, 67,498 people or 36.8% of the city population. 5512:– As of 2021, 46,467 people or 40.7% of the city population. 4328:

Sign from a restaurant in Dallas, Texas, now located in the

3457:

made in 1921. According to an opinion poll conducted by the

2829: 16779: 16130: 13923: 12977:

Calisphere > California Cultures > Hispanic Americans

12850:

Manifest Destinies: The Making of the Mexican American Race

12449:"New Jersey city has Mexican flavor of the state of Puebla" 11791:"This City Is 78% Latino, and the Face of a New California" 11520:"2011 National Film Registry More Than a Box of Chocolates" 11074:"What Dodger Stadium looked like when it was Chavez Ravine" 9763: 9056: 9054: 8871:

Mexican American and Immigrant Poverty in the United States

8529:

Balderrama, Francisco E.; Rodriguez, Raymond (2006-01-01).

8274:"The Hispanic Experience – Tejanos in the Texas Revolution" 8113: 6819: 6630: 6210: 5865: 5326:

have majority Mexican American communities. Examples being

5087:, and a total of about 6.3 million in the five-county 4524:

has become part of the mainstream American market, just as

4057: 731: 12871:

Encyclopedia of the Mexican American civil rights movement

12583:"Mexican-American Population in the United States in 2018" 11695: 11693: 11691: 11689: 9552: 9550: 9548: 8732: 4935: 3560:

persons with Spanish heritage by birth location or surname

2976: 2961:, because it frequently ignored individuals' citizenship. 2911:

In the late nineteenth century, liberal Mexican President

11570: 10506:"FBI Statistics Show Anti-Latino Hate Crimes on the Rise" 9558:"Mexican American Voters / Voting Rights and Citizenship" 9411: 8305: 8303: 8301: 8160: 7611: 4191: 11136:

Racial Dynamics in Early Twentieth-Century Austin, Texas

10791:"Assimilation of immigrants is not a problem in the U.S" 9051: 7668: 5227:– 78% Latino with the majority being of Mexican descent. 3531:

It classified Mexicans and Mexican Americans as "white".

3097:

need for stronger community and political organization.

16844:

Births of U.S. states and territories by race/ethnicity

13744: 11686: 11446: 9545: 9358: 8954:"Third of Mexicans would migrate to U.S., survey finds" 8632:"When Grapes Became America's Most Controversial Fruit" 8606:

On the Move: Changing Mechanisms of Mexico-US Migration

8593:. Vol. 26, no. 1. Davis, CA: Pace Law Review. 8417:

On the Move: Changing Mechanisms of Mexico-US Migration

8223:

Acosta, Teresa Palomo; Winegarten, Ruthe (2010-01-01).

7463: 7461: 6973:

Metropolitan areas with the largest Mexican populations

5069:– 30% of the almost 1 million people in the metro area. 11789:

Nagourney, Adam; Medina, Jennifer (October 11, 2016).

10558:"Report Shows Anti-Latino Hate Crimes Down 31 Percent" 10093:"Summary of Findings: Mixed Views on Immigration Bill" 8401:

Martín Valadez, "Migration: To the United States", in

8298: 7557: 5862:, Minnesota have a large Mexican-American population. 4410:, the Supreme Court of California recognized that the 4068:, are regular in American vernacular. The cuisines of 3120:

In terms of religion, Mexican Americans are primarily

14623: 10905:"Hollywood Now: New Fall Previews – InterfaithFamily" 10589:"Here Are All the Times Donald Trump Insulted Mexico" 10425:"Nixon On Tape Expounds On Welfare And Homosexuality" 8532:

Decade of Betrayal: Mexican Repatriation in the 1930s

7630:

Geopolitics: The Geography of International Relations

4885:

into the Silver Dollar Café at the conclusion of the

3714:

The counties with the largest Mexican population are

3563:

Persons who self-identified Spanish origin or descent

2997:: California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas, during 2893:

19th-century and Early 20th-century Mexican migration

2734:

As shown by the writings of colonial Tejanos such as

2598:

acquisition of their territories by the United States

12833:

Mexican Americans and the Catholic Church, 1900–1965

12429:

Haddon, Heather; Roman, Esteban (6 September 2014).

12230:

Simich, Jerry L.; Wright, Thomas C. (7 March 2005).

11126: 10612: 9616:

Haney-Lopez, Ian F. (1996). "3 Prerequisite cases".

9407: 9405: 9403: 9401: 9399: 8978:

Race and Classification: The Case of Mexican America

7844: 7842: 7840: 7458: 7178:

Migrant deaths along the Mexico–United States border

7111: 4040:

Mexican Americans have influenced American cuisine,

3774: 3112:

During this period, civil rights groups such as the

12993:

ImaginArte – Interpreting and Re-imaging Chican@Art

12405:"Mexicantown | Historical Society of Michigan" 11646:"Latinos' rising fortunes are epitomized in Downey" 11593:"Demographic Statistics for Montebello, California" 9740: 9674:. Understandingrace.org. 1956-12-21. Archived from 9633: 9615: 9481: 9318:"A Genomewide Admixture Map for Latino Populations" 9314: 8566:

The Praeger Handbook of Latino Education in the U.S

8528: 5612:– The largest Mexican-American community bordering 4958:Protesters are seen in June 2011 in support of the 3464: 3114:

National Mexican-American Anti-Defamation Committee

12721: 12719: 12717: 11185: 11183: 11181: 11160: 11158: 11156: 11095: 11093: 11055: 11053: 11051: 10668:"Mexican and Latino Stereotypes – Jim Crow Museum" 10299: 10297: 9694: 9692: 8524: 8522: 8405:, vol. 2, p. 890. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1997. 7669:Montero-Sieburth, Martha; Meléndez, Edwin (2007). 3554:by use of the following criteria in sampled sets: 3250:. The remainder identified themselves as being of 13206: 12326:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 ( 11040:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 ( 9666: 9664: 9662: 9660: 9642: 9396: 9239: 9237: 9235: 9233: 9121: 9119: 9117: 9013: 8508:Gratton, Brian; Merchant, Emily (December 2013). 8438:"Mexican-Born Population Over Time, 1850–Present" 8372: 8370: 7837: 7535: 7533: 7531: 7213:History of Mexican Americans in Dallas–Fort Worth 4464: 4259: 3439:For instance, a 2006 study conducted by Mexico's 16869: 14565:List of Mexican-American political organizations 12883:Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado, 2015. 11189: 11072:Radio, Southern California Public (2017-10-31). 11067: 11065: 10832:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History 10395: 10393: 10344:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 33. 8568:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 400–403. 8222: 7470:Multicultural America: A Multimedia Encyclopedia 3441:National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN) 2993:While Mexican Americans are concentrated in the 56:Percent of population of Mexican descent in 2010 12816: 12728:"Diabetes and Mexicans: Why the Two Are Linked" 12714: 11788: 11178: 11153: 11090: 11048: 10294: 9956:Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA 9689: 9648: 9629: 9627: 9611: 9609: 9366:"Encyclopædia Britannica: Mexico Ethnic groups" 8813: 8619:Mexicans in the Midwest – University of Arizona 8519: 8507: 7919: 7795:"National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011" 7743: 7654:Zong, Jie; Batalova, Jeanne (October 5, 2018). 5006: 4835:The Chicano movement and the Chicano Moratorium 4642:View of downtown and the Palos Verdes Peninsula 3196:bands, who are available for hire, wait at the 2683:In 1900, there were slightly more than 500,000 2639: 12946:A documentary history of the Mexican Americans 12302:Norteamérica, Revista Académica del CISAN-UNAM 12296:Odem, Mary; Browne, Irene (19 December 2011). 12233:The Peoples Of Las Vegas: One City, Many Faces 11766:Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). 11700:Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). 11680:Mexican American Baseball in the Central Coast 10272:. Oakland, CA: University of California Press. 10135:"Immigration curbs hurting US, Greenspan says" 9726:. University of California Press. p. 53. 9657: 9412:Gibson, Campbell; Jung, Kay (September 2002). 9230: 9114: 8367: 7722: 7528: 7502: 4798: 4155:2006 United States immigration reform protests 3518:, as well as new categories of distinction of 2612:. They became US citizens in 1848 through the 14609: 13730: 13192: 13054: 12777:"Diabetes Among Hispanics: All Are Not Equal" 11809:"2010 Population by Race and Hispanic Origin" 11418: 11062: 10390: 9898:Chicanas and Chicanos in Contemporary Society 8311:A History of Mexican Americans in California. 8091:Borjas, George; Katz, Lawrence (April 2005). 7223:History of Mexican Americans in Metro Detroit 5407:all have large Mexican American communities. 5371:has a very large Hispanic population as well. 4665:Hispanic segregation versus Black segregation 4616:have a higher vulnerability in facing abuse. 4340:when they arrived home. In 1948, war veteran 4143: 3001:many moved to industrial communities such as 2658:, San Diego, stating "All the way to the Bay" 2515: 1956: 40: 13024:Mexican Americans | History Detectives | PBS 12229: 10984: 10982: 10980: 10978: 10976: 10974: 10942:. University of Chicago Press. p. 244. 10691: 10090: 9715: 9713: 9636:White by Law: The Legal Construction of Race 9634:Haney-Lopez, Ian F. (1996). "Appendix "A"". 9624: 9618:White by Law: The Legal Construction of Race 9606: 9127:"The Hispanic Population: 2010 Census Brief" 9046:The Idea of Race in Latin America, 1870–1940 9040:Knight, Alan. 1990. "Racism, Revolution and 8553: 8467: 7913: 7882: 7653: 7468:García, Justin (2013). "Mexican Americans". 7337:El Pueblo de Los Ángeles Historical Monument 5145:– Between 45 and 50% are of Mexican descent. 5063:– Fifth-largest Mexican-American population. 4338:United States Department of Veterans Affairs 4254:Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007 4173:United States Conference of Catholic Bishops 3582:Politics and debate of racial classification 3480:As the United States' borders expanded, the 3355:Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders 2877:An example of a Chicano-themed mural in the 14583:Category:American people of Mexican descent 12944:Moquin, Wayne, and Charles Van Doren, eds. 12840:Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America, 12804:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 12428: 11719:Cruz, Rene Ray De La (September 28, 2017). 10931: 10929: 10927: 10925: 9489:"LexisNexis® Litigation Essentials – Error" 9436: 7948: 7203:History of Mexican Americans in Los Angeles 4624: 4312:, the United States government sponsored a 14616: 14602: 13737: 13723: 13199: 13185: 13061: 13047: 12295: 10828:"Mexican Immigration to the United States" 9589:Racial Transformations: Latinos And Asians 9444:"US Population in the 1930 Census by Race" 8819: 8648: 8503: 8501: 8499: 8497: 8114:Population Reference Bureau (2013-11-13). 8090: 4633: 4209:Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 2522: 2508: 1963: 1949: 50: 12862:Gómez-Quiñones, Juan, and Irene Vásquez. 12751: 12725: 11333: 10971: 10825: 10244: 10205:. The History Cooperative. Archived from 9930:"II. Mexican-American Fertility Patterns" 9799: 9787:"Mexican Immigrants in the United States" 9710: 9585: 9341: 9288: 9213: 9195: 9097: 9087: 8990: 8845: 8658:. Makers. October 5, 2015. Archived from 8608:. Princeton University Press. p. 22. 8457:"Mexican Immigrants in the United States" 7656:"Mexican Immigrants in the United States" 7633:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 137. 7616:. UCLA Center for Health Policy Research. 5733:have sizable growing Mexican populations. 4610: 4078:cuisine of the Southwestern United States 3544:White population of Spanish mother tongue 13029:A History of the Mexican-American People 12995:– University of California Santa Barbara 12973:– University of California Santa Barbara 11391: 11276: 11132: 10964:Mexican Immigration to the United States 10939:Mexican Immigration to the United States 10922: 10451:"How Immigration is Rousing the Zealots" 10367: 10059: 9860: 9380:"Informe 2011 Latinobarómetro – pag. 58" 8993:"El Mestizaje Y Las Culturas Regionales" 8752: 8674: 8423:. pp. Introduction & Chapter 1. 7774: 7772: 7627:Cohen, Saul Bernard (25 November 2014). 7053: 5866:US states by Mexican American population 5823:on Navigation Boulevard, established by 5814: 5810: 5624:Third-largest Mexican ancestry community 5577:second-most populous county in the state 5558:fourth-most populous county in the state 5504:second-most populous county in the state 5107:– Over 62% of the population is Mexican. 5039: 5024: 5016: 4973: 4953: 4934: 4901: 4848: 4802: 4765: 4699: 4668: 4637: 4560: 4516: 4497: 4478: 4424: 4390: 4323: 4279: 4217: 4182: 4171:, a pastoral letter written by both the 4159:Illegal immigration to the United States 4140:, which originate in the United States. 4012: 3695: 3664: 3641: 3609: 3585: 3468: 3430: 3188: 3102: 3015: 2980: 2918: 2896: 2872: 2828: 2661: 2649: 2496:Hispanic and Latino Americans portal 1324:Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza 16813:People of the United States / Americans 15062:Southeast Africans in the United States 15020:African immigrants to the United States 14535:U.S. communities with Hispanic majority 13919:Mission Cultural Center for Latino Arts 12908: 12115: 11548:. Factfinder.census.gov. Archived from 11514: 11512: 10749: 10739:. Harvard University Press. p. 76. 10694:Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 10448: 9901:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 9746: 8684:. The Adelante Movement. Archived from 8588: 8582: 8559: 8494: 8473: 8432: 8430: 7888: 7787: 7696:Donoso, Juan Carlos (8 December 2014). 7218:History of Mexican Americans in Houston 7007:Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, IL-IN-WI MSA 5781:region respectively in 2020 (alongside 5540:third-most populous county in the state 5522:fifth-most populous county in the state 4897: 4883:Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department 3164:immigration reform in the United States 2977:Late 20th century to early 21st century 2667:Arrival of the caravan at Santa Fe the 1538:Mission Cultural Center for Latino Arts 168:Northwestern United States (especially 14: 16870: 15089:Southern Africans in the United States 14931:Afro-Caribbean / West Indian Americans 12966:University of California Santa Barbara 12184:"Latinos in the 2014 Election: Nevada" 11356: 11311: 10935: 10902: 10840:10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.013.146 10734: 10586: 10267: 10226: 9895:Anda, De Roberto M. (18 August 2004). 9864:Mexican Americans and the U.S. Economy 9827:Gutek, Gerald L. (18 September 2012). 9719: 9322:The American Journal of Human Genetics 8562:"Repatriation of Mexicans from the US" 8007: 7954: 7695: 7467: 7233:History of Mexican Americans in Tucson 6983:Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA MSA 5083:, another 2.3 million throughout 3535:"Hin" for Hindu; and "Kor" for Korean. 2575:Mexican-origin population of the world 203:(also growing/emerging populations in 16878:Mexican diaspora in the United States 15025:Central Africans in the United States 14597: 14550:List of Hispanic and Latino Americans 13718: 13180: 13042: 12869:Meier, Matt S., and Margo Gutiérrez. 11845:"San Luis Valley Statistical Profile" 11071: 10788: 10778:– via Business Source Complete. 10339: 10164:Black-Brown Relations and Stereotypes 9826: 9753:. Texas State Historical Association. 9592:. Duke University Press. p. 96. 8884: 8753:Krogstad, Jens Manuel (27 May 2014). 8603: 8414: 8012:. National Geographic. Archived from 7769: 7626: 7584: 7208:History of Mexican Americans in Texas 5334:, and the heaviest concentrations in 4761: 4619: 4148: 4080:, and Mexican cuisine has influenced 3435:Mexican American family eating a meal 3178: 3065:united with the strikers to form the 2373:Indigenous languages of Latin America 358:Native Americans in the United States 14996:Trinidadian and Tobagonian Americans 14560:List of Mexican-American communities 13985:1985–1987 Watsonville Cannery strike 13699: 13068: 11718: 11509: 10750:Jiménez, Tomás R. (September 2007). 9894: 9861:Gonz‡lez, Arturo (4 December 2002). 9493:litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com 8951: 8820:Villarreal, Andrés (December 2014). 8710:, vol. 32, no. 2, 1998, pp. 401–22. 8454: 8427: 8349:"Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)" 7961:Aztlán: A Journal of Chicano Studies 7862: 7591:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 334. 7150:Hispanic and Latino Americans portal 5013:List of Mexican-American communities 4475:Mexican cuisine in the United States 4005:Mexican cuisine in the United States 3756:There is recent Mexican enclaves in 1305:UCLA Chicano Studies Research Center 84:Regions with significant populations 16065:White Hispanic and Latino Americans 15288:Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans 15221:North Africans in the United States 15008:Black Hispanic and Latino Americans 14362:DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal. 14306:Espinoza v. Farah Manufacturing Co. 12477:"Tlaxcala Dreams Land in New Haven" 12314:10.22201/cisan.24487228e.2011.3.147 10968:page 252 | retrieved March 20, 2013 10867: 10060:Marchand, Marianne H. (June 2017). 10002:National Museum of American History 9149: 7675:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 59. 7256:White Hispanic and Latino Americans 4981:Historic Freedom Trail and Monument 3340:American Indians and Alaska Natives 3131:In 2008, "Yes We Can" (in Spanish: 2628:as their first language and became 2445:White Hispanic and Latino Americans 2440:Black Hispanic and Latino Americans 2435:Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans 1701:DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal. 1638:Espinoza v. Farah Manufacturing Co. 148:Southwestern United States (Arizona 24: 16883:American people of Mexican descent 15116:West Africans in the United States 14991:Stateside Virgin Islands Americans 13674: 12938: 12892:(University of Texas Press, 2010) 12726:Martorell, Reynaldo (2004-12-15). 10826:Gutiérrez, Ramón A. (2019-07-29), 10619:. University of New Mexico Press. 9747:Calvert, Robert (1 January 1996). 9620:. New York University. p. 61. 9044:: Mexico 1910–1940". Chapter 4 in 8885:Carey, Lydia (February 21, 2018). 8708:The International Migration Review 8076:. 19 February 2024. Archived from 7251:Indigenous peoples of the Americas 4881:canister fired by a member of the 4233:, which would raise penalties for 4096:includes Mexican styles of music; 2552:estadounidenses de origen mexicano 1167:The Revolt of the Cockroach People 78:11.2% of total US population, 2022 25: 16894: 16660:Americans of Euro Oceanic origin 15994:Nordic and Scandinavian Americans 14625:Demographics of the United States 12955: 12831:, and Gilberto M. Hinojosa, eds. 10903:Miller, Gerri (August 29, 2014). 10449:Ressner, Jeffrey (May 29, 2006). 10327:History.comdate=December 14, 2023 10227:Guzmán, Gonzalo (November 2021). 8629: 8560:Rosales, F. Arturo (2007-01-01). 8326:. PBS. 2006-09-13. Archived from 8203:"(DV) Felux: Remember the Alamo?" 7096: 5483:most populous county in the state 4946:from August 1988 to December 1990 4887:National Chicano Moratorium March 4306:undocumented immigrants in the US 4169:: Together on the Journey of Hope 4035: 3775:Mexican-born population over time 2580:Most Mexican Americans reside in 2201:Congressional Hispanic Conference 16838:Race and ethnicity in the census 14926:African diaspora in the Americas 14154:Mexican-American women's fashion 13698: 13689: 13688: 13646:Stereotypes in the United States 12768: 12671: 12650: 12625: 12600: 12575: 12550: 12525: 12511: 12497: 12483: 12469: 12455: 12441: 12422: 12397: 12372: 12358: 12334: 12289: 12264: 12250: 12223: 12198: 12176: 12158: 12140: 12097: 12079: 12061: 12043: 12025: 12007: 11989: 11971: 11953: 11935: 11917: 11891: 11865: 11837: 11801: 11782: 11759: 11745: 11731: 11712: 11672: 11658: 11638: 11624: 11599: 11585: 11563: 11538: 11485: 11440: 11412: 11385: 11359:Journal of Latinos and Education 11350: 11314:Journal of Latinos and Education 11305: 11279:Journal of Latinos and Education 11270: 11245: 11219: 11133:McDonald, Jason (14 June 2012). 11102: 11078:Southern California Public Radio 10995: 10956: 10896: 10876: 10861: 10819: 10801: 10782: 10768:10.1111/j.1540-6237.2007.00474.x 10743: 10728: 10685: 10660: 10640: 10606: 10587:Reilly, Katie (31 August 2016). 10580: 10550: 10519: 10498: 10473: 10442: 10417: 10361: 10333: 10315: 10276: 10261: 10220: 10195: 10177: 10153: 10127: 10116:. Federalreserve.gov. 2003-02-27 10106: 10084: 10053: 10044: 10022: 10008: 9990: 9969: 9944: 9048:. Richard Graham (ed.) pp. 78–85 7332:List of Mexican-American writers 7310:Texan raids on New Mexico (1843) 7142: 7128: 7114: 6989:Riverside-San Bernardino, CA MSA 6938: 6917: 6896: 6875: 6854: 6833: 6812: 6791: 6770: 6749: 6728: 6707: 6686: 6665: 6644: 6623: 6602: 6581: 6560: 6539: 6518: 6497: 6476: 6455: 6434: 6413: 6392: 6371: 6350: 6329: 6308: 6287: 6266: 6245: 6224: 6203: 6182: 6161: 6140: 6119: 6101: 6080: 6059: 6038: 6017: 5996: 5975: 5954: 5933: 5912: 5891: 5113:– Also the site of the infamous 5029:Oasis Drive Inn with mural of a 4556: 3465:US Census Bureau classifications 3081:reforms and was inspired by the 3049:struggle when labor leaders and 2573:in the world (24% of the entire 2489: 2465:Communities with Latino majority 1920: 388: 14936:Antiguan and Barbudan Americans 14299:San Antonio I.S.D. v. Rodriguez 12988:University of California System 11768:"American FactFinder – Results" 11702:"American FactFinder – Results" 10305:"Counseling Kevin: The Economy" 10016:"History of California Cuisine" 9922: 9888: 9867:. University of Arizona Press. 9854: 9820: 9803:Rethinking the Chicano Movement 9793: 9779: 9757: 9649:Gomez, Laura E. (Feb 6, 2018). 9579: 9511: 9458: 9372: 9308: 9264: 9170: 9143: 9034: 9007: 8970: 8945: 8909: 8897: 8878: 8862: 8789: 8768: 8746: 8725: 8700: 8623: 8612: 8597: 8564:. In Soto, Lourdes Diaz (ed.). 8474:Hoffman, Abraham (1974-01-01). 8448: 8408: 8395: 8380:. Worldbook.com. Archived from 8341: 8316: 8287: 8266: 8249: 8216: 8195: 8174: 8149: 8133: 8107: 8084: 8066: 8048: 8037:Mexican Americans – MSN Encarta 8028: 8008:Cengel, Katya (June 25, 2013). 8001: 7995:"TSHA | Mexican Americans" 7987: 7856: 7808: 7706: 7689: 5692: 5172:with high Mexican percentages. 5079:Los Angeles, California area – 4502:Two Mexican American boys at a 3691: 2879:Richard Riordan Central Library 1631:San Antonio I.S.D. v. Rodriguez 557:California agricultural strikes 14981:Kittian and Nevisian Americans 14956:Dominican Americans (Dominica) 12680:Medical Anthropology Quarterly 12236:. University of Nevada Press. 10884:International Migration Review 10789:Cowen, Tyler (June 18, 2006). 10374:University of California Press 10233:History of Education Quarterly 10166:(2003); Charles Ramírez Berg, 8537:University of New Mexico Press 8074:"김프로의 건강 관리법 – 건강과 웰빙에 대한 블로그" 7955:Zepeda, Susy (15 March 2020). 7922:Contemporary School Psychology 7892:Chicano Movement For Beginners 7662: 7647: 7620: 7605: 7578: 7551: 7276:Bronze (racial classification) 7247:(metaphor for cultural fusion) 7188:Mexico–United States relations 7183:American immigration to Mexico 4960:Tucson Unified School District 4539:Mexican American professionals 4465:Social status and assimilation 4260:Discrimination and stereotypes 2907:arrived in California in 1917. 2826:and captured Mariano Vallejo. 2706:As early as 1813, some of the 1132:From This Wicked Patch of Dust 13: 1: 16517:Hispanic and Latino Americans 13964:Occupation of Catalina Island 13939:Farm workers' rights campaign 13656:In the United States Congress 13208:Hispanic and Latino Americans 13004:Mexican Americans MSN Encarta 12823:Mexican American bibliography 12781:American Diabetes Association 11753:Mexican Americans in Redlands 11371:10.1080/15348431.2015.1066250 11164:Ferg-Cadima, James A. Black, 10809:"Mexican American Proarchive" 10795:Deseret News (Salt Lake City) 10706:10.1080/1369183X.2019.1592878 9998:"The Mexican Food Revolution" 8778:. Pewhispanic.org. 2007-04-25 8229:. University of Texas Press. 7797:. 2.statcan.gc.ca. 2013-05-08 7672:Latinos in a Changing Society 7658:. Migration Policy Institute. 7451: 7281:Brown (racial classification) 7031:San Francisco–Oakland, CA MSA 5842:, Kansas; Detroit, Michigan; 5219:(primarily Mexican-American). 5073: 3678:Congressional Hispanic Caucus 2837:is visible in the background. 2674: 2561:Hispanic and Latino Americans 2196:Congressional Hispanic Caucus 1188:...y no se lo tragó la tierra 727:Occupation of Catalina Island 362:Hispanic and Latino Americans 27:Americans of Mexican ancestry 16587:Indigenous Mexican Americans 12902:(Arte Público Press, 1997); 12817:Bibliography/further reading 11326:10.1080/15348431.2011.531656 10872:. Philadelphia: Mason Crest. 9586:De Genova, Nicholas (2006). 8991:Navarrete, Federico (2004). 8589:Johnson, Kevin (Fall 2005). 8455:Zong, Jie (March 17, 2016). 7823:The Hispanic Population 2010 7173:Mexico–United States barrier 7168:Indigenous Mexican Americans 5671: 5316:Central Valley of California 5099:East Los Angeles, California 5007:Mexican American communities 4998:was an inductee of the 2011 4892: 4330:National Civil Rights Museum 4177:Mexican Episcopal Conference 3676:, first Latino chair of the 2646:History of Mexican Americans 2640:History of Mexican Americans 2191:Association of Hispanic Arts 1844:Indigenous Mexican Americans 1548:Self Help Graphics & Art 354:Indigenous Mexican Americans 264:Indigenous Mexican languages 7: 16828:Maps of American ancestries 16624:French Polynesian Americans 14961:Dutch West Indian Americans 12911:Journal of Southern History 11422:School Psychology Quarterly 10813:Mexican American Proarchive 10735:Minian, Ana Raquel (2018). 10091:Publications (2007-06-07). 9533:Chicago-Kent College of Law 9418:Working Paper Series No. 56 8952:Romo, Rafael (2014-08-27). 8722:. Accessed 6 December 2023. 7107: 7049: 6965: 6962: 6952: 6949: 6931: 6928: 6910: 6907: 6889: 6886: 6868: 6865: 6847: 6844: 6826: 6823: 6805: 6802: 6784: 6781: 6763: 6760: 6742: 6739: 6721: 6718: 6700: 6697: 6679: 6676: 6658: 6655: 6637: 6634: 6616: 6613: 6595: 6592: 6574: 6571: 6553: 6550: 6532: 6529: 6511: 6508: 6490: 6487: 6469: 6466: 6448: 6445: 6427: 6424: 6406: 6403: 6385: 6382: 6364: 6361: 6343: 6340: 6322: 6319: 6301: 6298: 6280: 6277: 6259: 6256: 6238: 6235: 6217: 6214: 6196: 6193: 6175: 6172: 6154: 6151: 6133: 6130: 6112: 6109: 6094: 6091: 6073: 6070: 6052: 6049: 6031: 6028: 6010: 6007: 5989: 5986: 5968: 5965: 5947: 5944: 5926: 5923: 5905: 5902: 5790:(some of whom are reported 5598:Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex 5447: 5346: 5253:Imperial County, California 4799:Immigration and segregation 4412:ban on interracial marriage 4009:Mexican-American literature 3740:Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex 3482:United States Census Bureau 3021:LA Plaza de Cultura y Artes 2614:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 2236:National Hispanic Institute 2231:National Council of La Raza 1146:The Dirty Girls Social Club 519:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 10: 16899: 16609:Pacific Islander Americans 12820: 12732:Preventing Chronic Disease 11291:10.1207/S1532771XJLE0102_2 10966:edited by George J. Borjas 10936:Borjas, George J. (2007). 8461:Migration Policy Institute 8442:Migration Policy Institute 8421:Princeton University Press 7934:10.1007/s40688-020-00312-x 7895:. For Beginners. pp. 7783:Migration Policy Institute 7564:. SUNY Press. p. 53. 7478:10.4135/9781452276274.n570 7100: 7088:results in an increase of 5566: 5467:counties in Wisconsin and 5441:are all Hispanic majority. 5204:San Bernardino, California 5054: 5010: 4870:, also called "blowouts". 4838: 4468: 4449:In 2015, future president 4273: 4263: 4152: 4144:Economic and social issues 4002: 3998: 3182: 3139:) was adopted as the 2008 2643: 1345:This Bridge Called My Back 1091:Who Would Have Thought It? 16808: 16800:Punjabi Mexican Americans 16750: 16679: 16599: 16073: 15924:Liechtensteiner Americans 15731: 15275: 14913: 14902: 14770: 14640: 14631: 14573: 14517: 14371: 14273: 14217: 14149:Mexican-American folklore 14071: 13972: 13929:Plan Espiritual de Aztlán 13874: 13808: 13757: 13669: 13638: 13533: 13507: 13481: 13438: 13377: 13332: 13299: 13244: 13214: 13143: 13122: 13076: 10636:– via Google Books. 10170:(2002); Chad Richardson, 9918:– via Google Books. 9884:– via Google Books. 9850:– via Google Books. 8838:10.1007/s13524-014-0351-4 8733:"Census Bureau Home Page" 8378:"World Book Encyclopedia" 8118:. Prb.org. Archived from 7973:10.1525/azt.2020.45.1.225 7588:The Rocky Mountain Region 7364:, a clothing fad in 1940s 7103:List of Mexican Americans 7044: 7001:Dallas–Fort Worth, TX MSA 5457:Chicago metropolitan area 5367:is Hispanic majority and 5162:Inland Empire, California 4777:Orange County, California 4676:Their Dogs Came with Them 4433:No. 2, in Houston, Texas. 4092:The popular radio format 3736:Chicago metropolitan area 3446:Journal of Human Genetics 3406: 3396: 3391: 3383: 3378: 3368: 3363: 3353: 3348: 3338: 3333: 3323: 3318: 3308: 3303: 3292: 3285: 3278: 3273: 2766:A native of San Antonio, 1849:Punjabi Mexican Americans 1581:Great Wall of Los Angeles 1153:The House on Mango Street 1005:Mexican-American folklore 737:Plan Espiritual de Aztlán 562:Cantaloupe strike of 1928 323: 318: 287: 282: 244: 239: 88: 83: 66: 61: 49: 38: 16823:Native American ancestry 15598:Hungarian Slovak Gypsies 15454:Indo-Caribbean Americans 15176:Sierra Leonean Americans 15126:Bissau-Guinean Americans 15072:South Sudanese Americans 14144:Mexican-American cuisine 11227:"The Chicano Moratorium" 11172:October 8, 2007, at the 10909:www.interfaithfamily.com 10756:Social Science Quarterly 10672:jimcrowmuseum.ferris.edu 10372:. Berkeley, California: 10288:October 5, 2006, at the 10159:Flores Niemann Yolanda, 9800:Rodriguez, M.S. (2014). 8260:October 9, 2007, at the 7357:Mexican-American cuisine 5583: 5123:– Third largest city in 5089:Greater Los Angeles Area 4625:Housing market practices 4417:In 1971, U.S. president 4087: 2577:), behind only Mexico. 2540:mexicano-estadounidenses 2171:Latino American politics 1927:United States portal 1338:The Church in the Barrio 1198:Poetry and Short Stories 934:Mexican-American cuisine 775:1985–1987 cannery strike 305:Evangelical Christianity 42:Mexicano-estadounidenses 16785:Louisiana Creole people 15934:Luxembourgish Americans 15104:South African Americans 15040:Equatoguinean Americans 14334:Flores-Figueroa v. U.S. 14230:Coyolxauhqui imperative 12879:Quiroz, Anthony (ed.), 11497:The Library of Congress 11022:(inactive 2024-09-12). 10030:"Mexican American Song" 9089:10.1073/pnas.0903045106 7889:Montoya, Maceo (2016). 7869:Encyclopedia Britannica 5336:Kern County, California 5111:Culver City, California 4649:Battle of Chavez Ravine 4634:Battle of Chavez Ravine 3126:Evangelical Protestants 3045:farmworkers, became an 2624:populations eventually 2081:Stateside Puerto Ricans 1666:Flores-Figueroa v. U.S. 1510:Royal Chicano Air Force 1369:Coyolxauhqui imperative 1181:Under the Feet of Jesus 92:California (Los Angeles 16572:Puerto Rican Americans 15131:Cape Verdean Americans 14986:Saint Lucian Americans 14762:Ethnocultural politics 14730:Racial achievement gap 14660:Educational attainment 14313:U.S. v. Brignoni-Ponce 14079:Anti-Mexican sentiment 14041:Killing of Adam Toledo 14024:Great American Boycott 13894:Centro de Arte Público 12316:(inactive 2024-09-12). 11207:Cite journal requires 11020:10.5218/prts.2012.0002 10268:Garcia, David (2018). 9720:Pulido, Laura (2006). 9638:. New York University. 9248:. ASHG. Archived from 8403:Encyclopedia of Mexico 8056:"Contested Landscapes" 7850:"Gale – Product Login" 7198:Emigration from Mexico 7062: 5827: 5717:Tri-Cities, Washington 5590:Dallas/Fort Worth Area 5263:San Francisco Bay Area 5131:South Gate, California 5121:Long Beach, California 5105:Montebello, California 5048: 5037: 5022: 5000:National Film Registry 4982: 4963: 4947: 4944:Secretary of Education 4928: 4854: 4815: 4787: 4733: 4680: 4643: 4611:Double-Marginalization 4577: 4533: 4510: 4491: 4434: 4401: 4332: 4304:Since the majority of 4289: 4266:Anti-Mexican sentiment 4238: 4203:across the country in 4195: 4025: 3708: 3680: 3650: 3618: 3594: 3477: 3436: 3201: 3109: 3030:was influenced by the 3023: 2990: 2932: 2908: 2881: 2838: 2777: 2680: 2659: 2600:; such groups include 2538: 1994:National origin groups 1645:U.S. v. Brignoni-Ponce 1528:Centro de Arte Público 1490:East Los Streetscapers 1229:Pensamiento Serpentino 819:Great American Boycott 697:Las Adelitas de Aztlán 667:Conferencia de Mujeres 455:Anti-Mexican sentiment 41: 16669:New Zealand Americans 16634:Micronesian Americans 16629:Marshallese Americans 16530:Costa Rican Americans 15989:Sammarinese Americans 15959:Montenegrin Americans 15689:Azerbaijani Americans 15652:Palestinian Americans 15574:Singaporean Americans 15422:Bangladeshi Americans 15030:Cameroonian Americans 14752:Unemployment by state 14348:Mendez v. Westminster 14285:Botiller v. Dominguez 14265:Youth control complex 14134:Estrada Courts murals 13995:2019 El Paso shooting 13973:Post-Chicano Movement 13934:Plan de Santa Bárbara 13889:Católicos por La Raza 12852:(New York UP, 2007). 12633:"Explore Census Data" 12608:"Explore Census Data" 12558:"Explore Census Data" 12505:"Explore Census Data" 12123:"Explore Census Data" 11571:"U.S. Census website" 11546:"American FactFinder" 10886:2005 39(3): 577–607. 10340:Peiss, Kathy (2011). 10066:Latin American Policy 9706:on 29 September 2007. 9252:on September 13, 2014 8604:Garip, Filiz (2017). 8415:Garip, Filiz (2017). 7059:Francisco G. Cigarroa 7057: 5818: 5811:Other US destinations 5626:in the United States. 5475:counties in Indiana). 5217:Coachella, California 5137:La Puente, California 5043: 5028: 5020: 4977: 4957: 4938: 4905: 4852: 4808:El Paso Morning Times 4806: 4772:Mendez v. Westminster 4769: 4703: 4672: 4641: 4564: 4520: 4501: 4490:to the United States. 4482: 4444:2019 El Paso shooting 4428: 4394: 4327: 4283: 4276:Madrigal v. Quilligan 4221: 4186: 4016: 3699: 3670:Lucille Roybal-Allard 3668: 3645: 3613: 3589: 3472: 3434: 3287:Percent of population 3212:ancestry, along with 3192: 3155:in 2012 as the first 3106: 3083:civil rights movement 3019: 2984: 2922: 2900: 2876: 2835:Tower of the Americas 2832: 2764: 2673:lithograph published 2665: 2653: 2351:United States Spanish 2119:Americans by ancestry 2026:Costa Rican Americans 1723:Madrigal v. Quilligan 1680:Mendez v. Westminster 1617:Botiller v. Dominguez 1409:Youth control complex 785:2019 El Paso shooting 742:Plan de Santa Bárbara 637:Católicos por La Raza 567:Citrus Strike of 1936 509:San Elizario Salt War 480:Early-American Period 319:Related ethnic groups 16742:Venezuelan Americans 16732:Surinamese Americans 16722:Paraguayan Americans 16712:Ecuadorian Americans 16664:Australian Americans 16555:Salvadoran Americans 16550:Panamanian Americans 16545:Nicaraguan Americans 16535:Guatemalan Americans 15974:Portuguese Americans 15939:Macedonian Americans 15929:Lithuanian Americans 15766:Belarusian Americans 15584:Vietnamese Americans 15554:Indonesian Americans 15508:Sri Lankan Americans 15374:Fuzhounese Americans 15171:Senegalese Americans 15109:Zimbabwean Americans 15001:Vincentian Americans 14341:Leal Garcia v. Texas 14036:Justice for Janitors 13954:Los Siete de la Raza 13949:Colegio César Chávez 13841:Mexican Repatriation 13809:Pre-Chicano Movement 13257:Creoles of Louisiana 12898:Rosales, F. Arturo. 11825:on 19 September 2018 11406:10.1093/swr/35.3.159 11394:Social Work Research 10311:on 2 September 2007. 8999:on August 23, 2013. 8309:Pitti, Jose (1988). 8276:. Houstonculture.org 8205:. Dissidentvoice.org 8010:"The Other Mexicans" 7863:Gallardo, Miguel E. 7585:Newby, Rick (2004). 7305:Reconquista (Mexico) 7122:United States portal 6067:District of Columbia 5632:with other areas of 5614:Nuevo Laredo, Mexico 5033:on US Highway 83 in 4898:Parental Involvement 4429:Food truck Mi Lindo 4404:In the 1948 case of 4314:Mexican Repatriation 4310:The Great Depression 4023:Santa Fe, New Mexico 3497:Free People of Color 3280:Self-identified Race 3226:Indigenous languages 3041:, sparked by mostly 3005:, Chicago, Detroit, 2987:Old Town Albuquerque 2863:Mexican–American War 2855:California Gold Rush 2841:The Americans chose 2810:then headed towards 2618:Mexican–American War 2602:New Mexican Hispanos 2136:Isleños of Louisiana 2101:Venezuelan Americans 2086:Salvadoran Americans 2071:Paraguayan Americans 2066:Panamanian Americans 2061:Nicaraguan Americans 2046:Guatemalan Americans 2041:Ecuadorian Americans 1673:Leal Garcia v. Texas 1295:MAS Programs, Tucson 1084:Living Up the Street 836:Justice for Janitors 702:Los Siete de la Raza 657:Colegio César Chávez 577:Mexican Repatriation 528:Pre-Chicano Movement 499:Mexican–American War 189:Florida (especially 16737:Uruguayan Americans 16707:Colombian Americans 16697:Brazilian Americans 16687:Argentine Americans 16567:Dominican Americans 16461:Alaskan Athabaskans 16060:Non-Hispanic whites 16053:Ukrainian Americans 16031:Slovenian Americans 16009:Norwegian Americans 16004:Icelandic Americans 15892:Hungarian Americans 15838:Dagestani Americans 15813:Bulgarian Americans 15632:Jordanian Americans 15569:Malaysian Americans 15539:Cambodian Americans 15491:Pakistani Americans 15481:Maldivian Americans 15434:Bhutanese Americans 15410:Mongolian Americans 15364:Taiwanese Americans 15359:Hong Kong Americans 15207:Ethiopian Americans 15077:Tanzanian Americans 15035:Congolese Americans 14966:Grenadian Americans 14951:Bermudian Americans 14946:Barbadian Americans 14680:Housing segregation 14634:Demographic history 14164:New Mexican cuisine 13990:1992 Drywall Strike 13959:Los Seis de Boulder 13944:Land grant struggle 13861:Sleepy Lagoon trial 13661:Women in journalism 13224:Hispanic and Latino 12521:. 6 September 2016. 12435:Wall Street Journal 11526:. December 28, 2011 11524:Library of Congress 11139:. Lexington Books. 10870:Mexican Immigration 10868:LeeAnne, Gelletly. 10656:. 28 December 2018. 10405:scocal.stanford.edu 10246:10.1017/heq.2021.37 10191:on 22 October 2007. 10034:Library of Congress 9290:10.1038/jhg.2012.67 9197:10.7554/eLife.56029 9080:2009PNAS..106.8611S 7228:Mexicans in Chicago 7193:Hyphenated American 7019:San Antonio, TX MSA 5324:San Joaquin Valleys 5309:South San Francisco 5231:Southern California 5125:Southern California 5035:Crystal City, Texas 4551:geographic mobility 4486:c, 1850, after the 4354:Three Rivers, Texas 4298:racially segregated 4243:Pew Research Center 4235:illegal immigration 4167:Strangers No Longer 4082:Californian cuisine 3732:Greater Los Angeles 3615:Octaviano Larrazolo 3069:. Huerta's slogan " 3067:United Farm Workers 3039:Delano grape strike 3028:Delano grape strike 2955:birthright citizens 2159:Political movements 2096:Uruguayan Americans 2036:Dominican Americans 2021:Colombian Americans 2011:Brazilian Americans 2001:Argentine Americans 1978:Part of a series on 1712:Federal Court cases 1606:Supreme Court cases 924:New Mexican cuisine 886:Abrazos, no balazos 807:Chicano Art Exhibit 780:1992 Drywall Strike 766:Post-Chicano Period 757:United Farm Workers 707:Los Seis de Boulder 692:Land grant struggle 682:Hijas de Cuauhtémoc 597:Sleepy Lagoon trial 372:Part of a series on 309:Jehovah's Witnesses 197:Greater Kansas City 75:(by ancestry, 2022) 35: 16727:Peruvian Americans 16717:Guyanese Americans 16692:Bolivian Americans 16614:Chamorro Americans 16540:Honduran Americans 16525:Belizean Americans 16510:Canadian Americans 15979:Romanian Americans 15949:Moldovan Americans 15877:Galician Americans 15855:Estonian Americans 15823:Croatian Americans 15801:Scottish Americans 15756:Austrian Americans 15751:Asturian Americans 15746:Albanian Americans 15694:Georgian Americans 15684:Assyrian Americans 15679:Armenian Americans 15642:Lebanese Americans 15617:Bahraini Americans 15544:Filipino Americans 15486:Nepalese Americans 15449:Gujarati Americans 15398:Ryukyuan Americans 15393:Japanese Americans 15265:Sudanese Americans 15258:Tunisian Americans 15243:Algerian Americans 15226:Egyptian Americans 15202:Eritrean Americans 15181:Togolese Americans 15166:Nigerian Americans 15156:Liberian Americans 15141:Ghanaian Americans 15121:Beninese Americans 15099:Malawian Americans 15045:Gabonese Americans 14976:Jamaican Americans 14941:Bahamian Americans 14847:Moorish Scientists 14747:Standard of living 14372:By city and region 14292:Hernandez v. Texas 14255:Spiritual activism 14099:Chicano literature 13914:Chicano Moratorium 13821:Bisbee Deportation 13034:Población Mexicana 12982:2011-07-20 at the 12887:Orozco, Cynthia E. 12587:Socialexplorer.com 12409:www.hsmichigan.org 12170:U.S. Census Bureau 12152:U.S. Census Bureau 12109:U.S. Census Bureau 12091:U.S. Census Bureau 12073:U.S. Census Bureau 12055:U.S. Census Bureau 12037:U.S. Census Bureau 12019:U.S. Census Bureau 12001:U.S. Census Bureau 11983:U.S. Census Bureau 11965:U.S. Census Bureau 11947:U.S. Census Bureau 11929:U.S. Census Bureau 11903:U.S. Census Bureau 11877:U.S. Census Bureau 11795:The New York Times 11573:. 29 November 2014 11257:americanart.si.edu 11014:(Addenda): 13–21. 10737:Undocumented Lives 10323:"Zoot Suits Riots" 10095:. People-press.org 10078:10.1111/lamp.12118 10018:. 27 January 2020. 10004:. August 16, 2013. 9833:. Waveland Press. 9789:. 12 October 2022. 9651:Manifest Destinies 9424:on August 12, 2012 9028:20.500.11799/38330 8933:on 10 October 2017 8080:on 6 October 2007. 7825:. US Census Bureau 7755:U.S. Census Bureau 7730:"Mexican american" 7545:U.S. Census Bureau 7514:U.S. Census Bureau 7399:From Prada to Nada 7342:Cholo (subculture) 7063: 5830:Major cities like 5828: 5604:San Antonio, Texas 5149:San Gabriel Valley 5143:Downey, California 5095:national groups). 5085:Los Angeles County 5049: 5038: 5023: 4983: 4964: 4948: 4929: 4918:East L.A. walkouts 4868:East L.A. walkouts 4855: 4816: 4788: 4762:Segregated schools 4734: 4681: 4644: 4620:Segregation issues 4578: 4534: 4511: 4504:Día de Los Muertos 4492: 4435: 4402: 4333: 4290: 4239: 4196: 4149:Immigration issues 4076:are native to the 4026: 3716:Los Angeles County 3709: 3681: 3651: 3619: 3605:Hernandez v. Texas 3600:Hernandez v. Texas 3595: 3478: 3437: 3426:assortative mating 3202: 3179:Race and ethnicity 3110: 3024: 2991: 2938:Mexican Revolution 2933: 2909: 2901:The first Mexican 2882: 2847:Bear Flag Republic 2839: 2824:Presidio of Sonoma 2808:Santa Clara Valley 2804:San Joaquin Valley 2681: 2660: 2634:Mexican Revolution 2616:, which ended the 2076:Peruvian Americans 2051:Honduran Americans 2006:Bolivian Americans 1748:Population by City 1624:Hernandez v. Texas 1533:Galería de la Raza 1500:Mujeres Muralistas 1399:Spiritual activism 1053:Chicano literature 1048:Chicana literature 853:South Central Farm 677:East L.A. walkouts 652:Chicano Moratorium 542:Bisbee Deportation 494:Las Gorras Blancas 170:Eastern Washington 33: 16865: 16864: 16861: 16860: 16818:American ancestry 16702:Chilean Americans 16644:Palauan Americans 16577:Mexican Americans 16036:Spanish Americans 16021:Serbian Americans 16014:Swedish Americans 15984:Russian Americans 15964:Occitan Americans 15954:Monacan Americans 15944:Maltese Americans 15919:Latvian Americans 15914:Kosovan Americans 15902:Italian Americans 15860:Finnish Americans 15828:Cypriot Americans 15818:Catalan Americans 15791:English Americans 15786:Cornish Americans 15781:British Americans 15776:Bosnian Americans 15771:Belgian Americans 15721:Turkish Americans 15716:Kurdish Americans 15709:Israeli Americans 15699:Iranian Americans 15637:Kuwaiti Americans 15622:Emirati Americans 15564:Laotian Americans 15559:Iu Mien Americans 15527:Burmese Americans 15496:Punjabi Americans 15459:Punjabi Americans 15444:Bengali Americans 15427:Bengali Americans 15386:Tibetan Americans 15354:Chinese Americans 15332:Turkmen Americans 15305:Pashtun Americans 15253:Moroccan American 15151:Ivorian Americans 15146:Guinean Americans 15136:Gambian Americans 15094:Angolan Americans 15082:Ugandan Americans 14971:Haitian Americans 14921:African Americans 14720:Racial inequality 14690:Income inequality 14655:Gender inequality 14591: 14590: 14540:Mexican Americans 14488:Dallas–Fort Worth 14355:Bernal v. Fainter 14327:Medellín v. Texas 13856:Porvenir Massacre 13851:Plan de San Diego 13846:Operation Wetback 13712: 13711: 13373: 13372: 13174: 13173: 12873:(Greenwood 2000) 12858:978-0-8147-3174-1 12692:10.1111/maq.12107 12491:"2014–18 Top AHR" 12368:. 2 October 2017. 12186:. 16 October 2014 11816:Dola.colorado.gov 11651:Los Angeles Times 11233:. 7 November 2011 11166:"White and Brown" 11114:history.house.gov 10949:978-0-226-06668-4 10849:978-0-19-932917-5 10700:(18): 3855–3873. 10562:Fronterasdesk.org 10040:on March 6, 2014. 9813:978-1-136-17537-4 9733:978-0-520-24520-4 9599:978-0-8223-3716-4 9499:on 7 October 2017 9150:Lievano, Wilson. 9074:(21): 8611–8616. 8353:National Archives 8184:. PBS. 2004-01-30 8062:on 30 April 2008. 8044:on June 19, 2009. 7025:San Diego, CA MSA 6970: 6969: 5858:, Washington and 5713:The Yakima Valley 5377:Southern Colorado 4995:Stand and Deliver 4722:South Los Angeles 4586:non-Latino whites 4508:Greeley, Colorado 4346:American GI Forum 4319:Operation Wetback 3996: 3995: 3788:Percentage of all 3411: 3410: 3370:Two or more races 3252:"some other race" 3043:Filipino American 3032:Filipino-American 2571:Mexican community 2546:mexico-americanos 2535:Mexican Americans 2532: 2531: 2091:Spanish Americans 2056:Mexican Americans 2016:Chilean Americans 1973: 1972: 1910: 1909: 1892:Mexican Americans 1857: 1856: 1797:Dallas–Fort Worth 1732: 1731: 1694:Perez v. Brownell 1687:Bernal v. Fainter 1659:Medellín v. Texas 1589: 1588: 1519:Art organizations 1417: 1416: 1245: 1244: 1222:Moment of Silence 1023: 1022: 861: 860: 627:Black-brown unity 592:Porvenir Massacre 587:Plan de San Diego 582:Operation Wetback 462: 461: 382:Mexican Americans 367: 366: 165:Colorado Oklahoma 143:Rio Grande Valley 34:Mexican Americans 16:(Redirected from 16890: 16654:Tongan Americans 16649:Samoan Americans 16639:Native Hawaiians 16619:Fijian Americans 16521:Central America 16081:Native Americans 16026:Slovak Americans 15999:Danish Americans 15969:Polish Americans 15882:German Americans 15865:French Americans 15843:Lezgin Americans 15761:Basque Americans 15704:Jewish Americans 15672:Yemeni Americans 15667:Syrian Americans 15657:Qatari Americans 15593:Romani Americans 15501:Sindhi Americans 15474:Telugu Americans 15464:Sindhi Americans 15439:Indian Americans 15405:Korean Americans 15337:Uyghur Americans 15322:Kyrgyz Americans 15317:Kazakh Americans 15312:Baloch Americans 15300:Afghan Americans 15248:Libyan Americans 15238:Berber Americans 15231:Coptic Americans 15212:Somali Americans 15188:Yoruba Americans 15161:Malian Americans 15067:Kenyan Americans 14911: 14910: 14904:By continent and 14675:Household income 14618: 14611: 14604: 14595: 14594: 14578:Category:Chicano 14508:Salt Lake Valley 14218:Chicana/o Theory 14189:Teatro Campesino 14179:Regional Mexican 14169:New Mexico music 14159:Mexican muralism 14046:Murder of Selena 13909:Chicano Blowouts 13904:Chicana feminism 13876:Chicano Movement 13770:Mexican American 13750:Mexican American 13739: 13732: 13725: 13716: 13715: 13702: 13701: 13692: 13691: 13681: 13678: 13630:Washington, D.C. 13508:Religious groups 13333:Central American 13297: 13296: 13201: 13194: 13187: 13178: 13177: 13070:Mexican diaspora 13063: 13056: 13049: 13040: 13039: 12934: 12923:10.2307/27649149 12810: 12809: 12803: 12795: 12793: 12792: 12783:. Archived from 12772: 12766: 12765: 12755: 12723: 12712: 12711: 12675: 12669: 12668: 12666: 12664: 12654: 12648: 12647: 12645: 12643: 12629: 12623: 12622: 12620: 12618: 12604: 12598: 12597: 12595: 12593: 12579: 12573: 12572: 12570: 12568: 12554: 12548: 12547: 12545: 12543: 12529: 12523: 12522: 12515: 12509: 12508: 12501: 12495: 12494: 12487: 12481: 12480: 12473: 12467: 12466: 12459: 12453: 12452: 12445: 12439: 12438: 12426: 12420: 12419: 12417: 12415: 12401: 12395: 12394: 12392: 12390: 12376: 12370: 12369: 12362: 12356: 12355: 12353: 12351: 12346: 12338: 12332: 12331: 12325: 12317: 12293: 12287: 12286: 12284: 12282: 12268: 12262: 12261: 12254: 12248: 12247: 12227: 12221: 12220: 12218: 12216: 12202: 12196: 12195: 12193: 12191: 12180: 12174: 12173: 12162: 12156: 12155: 12144: 12138: 12137: 12135: 12133: 12119: 12113: 12112: 12101: 12095: 12094: 12083: 12077: 12076: 12065: 12059: 12058: 12047: 12041: 12040: 12029: 12023: 12022: 12011: 12005: 12004: 11993: 11987: 11986: 11975: 11969: 11968: 11957: 11951: 11950: 11939: 11933: 11932: 11921: 11915: 11914: 11912: 11910: 11895: 11889: 11888: 11886: 11884: 11869: 11863: 11862: 11860: 11858: 11849: 11841: 11835: 11834: 11832: 11830: 11824: 11818:. Archived from 11813: 11805: 11799: 11798: 11786: 11780: 11779: 11774:. Archived from 11763: 11757: 11756: 11749: 11743: 11742: 11735: 11729: 11728: 11716: 11710: 11709: 11697: 11684: 11683: 11676: 11670: 11669: 11662: 11656: 11655: 11642: 11636: 11635: 11628: 11622: 11621: 11619: 11617: 11603: 11597: 11596: 11589: 11583: 11582: 11580: 11578: 11567: 11561: 11560: 11558: 11557: 11542: 11536: 11535: 11533: 11531: 11516: 11507: 11506: 11504: 11503: 11489: 11483: 11482: 11477: 11456:(174): 313–334. 11444: 11438: 11437: 11434:10.1037/h0088292 11416: 11410: 11409: 11389: 11383: 11382: 11354: 11348: 11347: 11337: 11309: 11303: 11302: 11274: 11268: 11267: 11265: 11263: 11249: 11243: 11242: 11240: 11238: 11223: 11217: 11216: 11210: 11205: 11203: 11195: 11187: 11176: 11162: 11151: 11150: 11130: 11124: 11123: 11121: 11120: 11106: 11100: 11097: 11088: 11087: 11085: 11084: 11069: 11060: 11057: 11046: 11045: 11039: 11031: 10999: 10993: 10986: 10969: 10960: 10954: 10953: 10933: 10920: 10919: 10917: 10915: 10900: 10894: 10880: 10874: 10873: 10865: 10859: 10858: 10857: 10856: 10823: 10817: 10816: 10805: 10799: 10798: 10786: 10780: 10779: 10747: 10741: 10740: 10732: 10726: 10725: 10689: 10683: 10682: 10680: 10678: 10664: 10658: 10657: 10644: 10638: 10637: 10635: 10633: 10610: 10604: 10603: 10601: 10599: 10584: 10578: 10577: 10575: 10573: 10564:. Archived from 10554: 10548: 10547: 10545: 10544: 10538: 10532:. Archived from 10531: 10523: 10517: 10516: 10514: 10513: 10508:. Democracy Now! 10502: 10496: 10495: 10493: 10491: 10477: 10471: 10470: 10468: 10466: 10461:on June 16, 2006 10457:. Archived from 10446: 10440: 10439: 10437: 10435: 10421: 10415: 10414: 10412: 10411: 10397: 10388: 10387: 10365: 10359: 10358: 10337: 10331: 10330: 10329:. 9 August 2023. 10319: 10313: 10312: 10307:. Archived from 10301: 10292: 10280: 10274: 10273: 10265: 10259: 10258: 10248: 10224: 10218: 10217: 10215: 10214: 10199: 10193: 10192: 10187:. Archived from 10181: 10175: 10157: 10151: 10150: 10148: 10146: 10131: 10125: 10124: 10122: 10121: 10110: 10104: 10103: 10101: 10100: 10088: 10082: 10081: 10057: 10051: 10048: 10042: 10041: 10036:. Archived from 10026: 10020: 10019: 10012: 10006: 10005: 9994: 9988: 9987: 9985: 9983: 9973: 9967: 9966: 9964: 9962: 9948: 9942: 9941: 9939: 9937: 9926: 9920: 9919: 9917: 9915: 9892: 9886: 9885: 9883: 9881: 9858: 9852: 9851: 9849: 9847: 9824: 9818: 9817: 9797: 9791: 9790: 9783: 9777: 9776: 9774: 9772: 9761: 9755: 9754: 9744: 9738: 9737: 9717: 9708: 9707: 9702:. Archived from 9696: 9687: 9686: 9684: 9683: 9668: 9655: 9654: 9646: 9640: 9639: 9631: 9622: 9621: 9613: 9604: 9603: 9583: 9577: 9576: 9574: 9573: 9564:. Archived from 9554: 9543: 9542: 9540: 9539: 9515: 9509: 9508: 9506: 9504: 9495:. Archived from 9485: 9479: 9478: 9476: 9475: 9470: 9462: 9456: 9455: 9453: 9451: 9440: 9434: 9433: 9431: 9429: 9420:. Archived from 9409: 9394: 9393: 9391: 9389: 9384: 9376: 9370: 9369: 9362: 9356: 9355: 9345: 9328:(6): 1024–1036. 9312: 9306: 9305: 9292: 9268: 9262: 9261: 9259: 9257: 9241: 9228: 9227: 9217: 9199: 9174: 9168: 9167: 9165: 9163: 9147: 9141: 9140: 9138: 9136: 9131: 9123: 9112: 9111: 9101: 9091: 9058: 9049: 9038: 9032: 9031: 9011: 9005: 9004: 8988: 8982: 8981: 8974: 8968: 8967: 8965: 8964: 8949: 8943: 8942: 8940: 8938: 8932: 8926:. Archived from 8924:Travel.state.gov 8921: 8913: 8907: 8901: 8895: 8894: 8882: 8876: 8875: 8866: 8860: 8859: 8849: 8832:(6): 2203–2228. 8817: 8811: 8810: 8808: 8807: 8801: 8793: 8787: 8786: 8784: 8783: 8772: 8766: 8765: 8763: 8761: 8750: 8744: 8743: 8741: 8740: 8729: 8723: 8704: 8698: 8697: 8695: 8693: 8688:on 20 March 2018 8682:"Dolores Huerta" 8678: 8672: 8671: 8669: 8667: 8662:on 26 March 2017 8652: 8646: 8645: 8643: 8642: 8627: 8621: 8616: 8610: 8609: 8601: 8595: 8594: 8586: 8580: 8579: 8557: 8551: 8550: 8526: 8517: 8516: 8514: 8505: 8492: 8491: 8471: 8465: 8464: 8452: 8446: 8445: 8434: 8425: 8424: 8412: 8406: 8399: 8393: 8392: 8390: 8389: 8374: 8365: 8364: 8362: 8360: 8345: 8339: 8338: 8336: 8335: 8320: 8314: 8307: 8296: 8291: 8285: 8284: 8282: 8281: 8270: 8264: 8253: 8247: 8246: 8244: 8243: 8220: 8214: 8213: 8211: 8210: 8199: 8193: 8192: 8190: 8189: 8178: 8172: 8171: 8169: 8168: 8153: 8147: 8146: 8137: 8131: 8130: 8128: 8127: 8111: 8105: 8104: 8088: 8082: 8081: 8070: 8064: 8063: 8058:. Archived from 8052: 8046: 8045: 8040:. Archived from 8032: 8026: 8025: 8023: 8021: 8016:on July 10, 2018 8005: 7999: 7998: 7991: 7985: 7984: 7952: 7946: 7945: 7917: 7911: 7910: 7886: 7880: 7879: 7877: 7875: 7860: 7854: 7853: 7846: 7835: 7834: 7832: 7830: 7820: 7812: 7806: 7805: 7803: 7802: 7791: 7785: 7776: 7767: 7766: 7764: 7762: 7747: 7741: 7740: 7726: 7720: 7719: 7718:. 13 April 2023. 7710: 7704: 7703: 7693: 7687: 7686: 7666: 7660: 7659: 7651: 7645: 7644: 7624: 7618: 7617: 7609: 7603: 7602: 7582: 7576: 7575: 7555: 7549: 7548: 7537: 7526: 7525: 7523: 7521: 7506: 7500: 7499: 7465: 7152: 7147: 7146: 7145: 7138: 7133: 7132: 7131: 7124: 7119: 7118: 7117: 6944: 6942: 6941: 6923: 6921: 6920: 6902: 6900: 6899: 6881: 6879: 6878: 6860: 6858: 6857: 6839: 6837: 6836: 6818: 6816: 6815: 6797: 6795: 6794: 6776: 6774: 6773: 6755: 6753: 6752: 6734: 6732: 6731: 6713: 6711: 6710: 6692: 6690: 6689: 6671: 6669: 6668: 6650: 6648: 6647: 6629: 6627: 6626: 6608: 6606: 6605: 6587: 6585: 6584: 6566: 6564: 6563: 6545: 6543: 6542: 6524: 6522: 6521: 6503: 6501: 6500: 6482: 6480: 6479: 6461: 6459: 6458: 6440: 6438: 6437: 6419: 6417: 6416: 6398: 6396: 6395: 6377: 6375: 6374: 6356: 6354: 6353: 6335: 6333: 6332: 6314: 6312: 6311: 6293: 6291: 6290: 6272: 6270: 6269: 6251: 6249: 6248: 6230: 6228: 6227: 6209: 6207: 6206: 6188: 6186: 6185: 6167: 6165: 6164: 6146: 6144: 6143: 6125: 6123: 6122: 6106: 6105: 6086: 6084: 6083: 6065: 6063: 6062: 6044: 6042: 6041: 6023: 6021: 6020: 6002: 6000: 5999: 5981: 5979: 5978: 5960: 5958: 5957: 5939: 5937: 5936: 5918: 5916: 5915: 5897: 5895: 5894: 5870: 5869: 5707:– 30.14% Mexican 5678:Milwaukee County 5093:Central American 4911:Mexican-American 4841:Chicano movement 4710:East Los Angeles 4686:racism in the US 4397:America Tropical 4382:Chicano Movement 4374:African American 4342:Hector P. Garcia 4122:New Mexico music 4094:Regional Mexican 3779: 3778: 3703:is president of 3674:Edward R. Roybal 3591:Romualdo Pacheco 3271: 3270: 3264:Pacific Islander 3157:African American 3091:antiwar students 3087:Chicano walkouts 3075:Chicano Movement 2959:ethnic cleansing 2946:Great Depression 2867:Gadsden Purchase 2744:English-speaking 2740:Texas Revolution 2736:Antonio Menchaca 2679: 2676: 2524: 2517: 2510: 2494: 2493: 2492: 2470:Latino Americans 2166:Chicano Movement 1986:Latino Americans 1975: 1974: 1965: 1958: 1951: 1925: 1924: 1923: 1870: 1869: 1745: 1744: 1602: 1601: 1505:Teatro Campesino 1430: 1429: 1331:Brown, Not White 1272:Chicana feminism 1260: 1259: 1139:Mexican WhiteBoy 1111:Bless Me, Ultima 1067:Autobiographical 1036: 1035: 1000:Lowrider bicycle 874: 873: 841:Murder of Selena 752:Raza Unida Party 612:Chicano Movement 547:Bloody Christmas 477: 476: 403: 402: 392: 369: 368: 269:American Spanish 254:American English 155:Las Vegas Valley 79: 70:(by birth, 2021) 62:Total population 54: 44: 36: 32: 21: 18:Mexican-American 16898: 16897: 16893: 16892: 16891: 16889: 16888: 16887: 16868: 16867: 16866: 16857: 16804: 16746: 16675: 16595: 16562:Cuban Americans 16203:Mission Indians 16069: 16048:Swiss Americans 15897:Irish Americans 15887:Greek Americans 15850:Dutch Americans 15833:Czech Americans 15806:Welsh Americans 15741:White Americans 15727: 15662:Saudi Americans 15647:Omani Americans 15627:Iraqi Americans 15549:Hmong Americans 15532:Karen Americans 15513:Tamil Americans 15469:Tamil Americans 15379:Hoklo Americans 15369:Hakka Americans 15342:Uzbek Americans 15327:Tajik Americans 15283:Asian Americans 15271: 15198:Horn of Africa 14906:ethnic ancestry 14905: 14898: 14864:Native American 14852:Nation of Islam 14842:Five Percenters 14766: 14735:Racial wage gap 14725:Race and health 14710:Personal income 14642: 14636: 14627: 14622: 14592: 14587: 14569: 14513: 14367: 14269: 14213: 14199:Tex-Mex cuisine 14067: 14057:Proposition 187 14006:Arizona SB 1070 13968: 13870: 13866:Zoot Suit Riots 13826:Bracero program 13816:1917 Bath riots 13804: 13753: 13743: 13713: 13708: 13685: 13684: 13679: 13675: 13665: 13634: 13529: 13503: 13477: 13434: 13369: 13328: 13295: 13240: 13210: 13205: 13175: 13170: 13139: 13118: 13072: 13067: 12984:Wayback Machine 12958: 12941: 12939:Primary sources 12825: 12819: 12814: 12813: 12797: 12796: 12790: 12788: 12773: 12769: 12724: 12715: 12676: 12672: 12662: 12660: 12656: 12655: 12651: 12641: 12639: 12637:data.census.gov 12631: 12630: 12626: 12616: 12614: 12612:data.census.gov 12606: 12605: 12601: 12591: 12589: 12581: 12580: 12576: 12566: 12564: 12562:data.census.gov 12556: 12555: 12551: 12541: 12539: 12531: 12530: 12526: 12517: 12516: 12512: 12503: 12502: 12498: 12489: 12488: 12484: 12475: 12474: 12470: 12461: 12460: 12456: 12451:. 20 July 2017. 12447: 12446: 12442: 12427: 12423: 12413: 12411: 12403: 12402: 12398: 12388: 12386: 12378: 12377: 12373: 12364: 12363: 12359: 12349: 12347: 12344: 12340: 12339: 12335: 12319: 12318: 12294: 12290: 12280: 12278: 12270: 12269: 12265: 12256: 12255: 12251: 12244: 12228: 12224: 12214: 12212: 12204: 12203: 12199: 12189: 12187: 12182: 12181: 12177: 12172:. July 1, 2021. 12164: 12163: 12159: 12154:. July 1, 2021. 12146: 12145: 12141: 12131: 12129: 12127:data.census.gov 12121: 12120: 12116: 12111:. July 1, 2021. 12103: 12102: 12098: 12093:. July 1, 2021. 12085: 12084: 12080: 12075:. July 1, 2021. 12067: 12066: 12062: 12057:. July 1, 2021. 12049: 12048: 12044: 12039:. July 1, 2021. 12031: 12030: 12026: 12021:. July 1, 2021. 12013: 12012: 12008: 12003:. July 1, 2021. 11995: 11994: 11990: 11985:. July 1, 2021. 11977: 11976: 11972: 11967:. July 1, 2021. 11959: 11958: 11954: 11949:. July 1, 2021. 11941: 11940: 11936: 11931:. July 1, 2021. 11923: 11922: 11918: 11908: 11906: 11897: 11896: 11892: 11882: 11880: 11871: 11870: 11866: 11856: 11854: 11847: 11843: 11842: 11838: 11828: 11826: 11822: 11811: 11807: 11806: 11802: 11787: 11783: 11764: 11760: 11751: 11750: 11746: 11737: 11736: 11732: 11717: 11713: 11698: 11687: 11678: 11677: 11673: 11664: 11663: 11659: 11644: 11643: 11639: 11630: 11629: 11625: 11615: 11613: 11605: 11604: 11600: 11591: 11590: 11586: 11576: 11574: 11569: 11568: 11564: 11555: 11553: 11544: 11543: 11539: 11529: 11527: 11518: 11517: 11510: 11501: 11499: 11491: 11490: 11486: 11475: 11445: 11441: 11417: 11413: 11390: 11386: 11355: 11351: 11310: 11306: 11275: 11271: 11261: 11259: 11251: 11250: 11246: 11236: 11234: 11225: 11224: 11220: 11208: 11206: 11197: 11196: 11188: 11179: 11174:Wayback Machine 11163: 11154: 11147: 11131: 11127: 11118: 11116: 11108: 11107: 11103: 11098: 11091: 11082: 11080: 11070: 11063: 11058: 11049: 11033: 11032: 11000: 10996: 10987: 10972: 10961: 10957: 10950: 10934: 10923: 10913: 10911: 10901: 10897: 10881: 10877: 10866: 10862: 10854: 10852: 10850: 10824: 10820: 10807: 10806: 10802: 10787: 10783: 10748: 10744: 10733: 10729: 10690: 10686: 10676: 10674: 10666: 10665: 10661: 10646: 10645: 10641: 10631: 10629: 10627: 10611: 10607: 10597: 10595: 10585: 10581: 10571: 10569: 10568:on 29 June 2017 10556: 10555: 10551: 10542: 10540: 10536: 10529: 10525: 10524: 10520: 10511: 10509: 10504: 10503: 10499: 10489: 10487: 10479: 10478: 10474: 10464: 10462: 10447: 10443: 10433: 10431: 10429:Chicago Tribune 10423: 10422: 10418: 10409: 10407: 10399: 10398: 10391: 10384: 10376:. p. 197. 10366: 10362: 10352: 10338: 10334: 10321: 10320: 10316: 10303: 10302: 10295: 10290:Wayback Machine 10281: 10277: 10266: 10262: 10225: 10221: 10212: 10210: 10201: 10200: 10196: 10183: 10182: 10178: 10158: 10154: 10144: 10142: 10133: 10132: 10128: 10119: 10117: 10112: 10111: 10107: 10098: 10096: 10089: 10085: 10058: 10054: 10049: 10045: 10028: 10027: 10023: 10014: 10013: 10009: 9996: 9995: 9991: 9981: 9979: 9975: 9974: 9970: 9960: 9958: 9950: 9949: 9945: 9935: 9933: 9928: 9927: 9923: 9913: 9911: 9909: 9893: 9889: 9879: 9877: 9875: 9859: 9855: 9845: 9843: 9841: 9825: 9821: 9814: 9798: 9794: 9785: 9784: 9780: 9770: 9768: 9762: 9758: 9745: 9741: 9734: 9718: 9711: 9698: 9697: 9690: 9681: 9679: 9670: 9669: 9658: 9647: 9643: 9632: 9625: 9614: 9607: 9600: 9584: 9580: 9571: 9569: 9556: 9555: 9546: 9537: 9535: 9517: 9516: 9512: 9502: 9500: 9487: 9486: 9482: 9473: 9471: 9468: 9464: 9463: 9459: 9449: 9447: 9442: 9441: 9437: 9427: 9425: 9410: 9397: 9387: 9385: 9382: 9378: 9377: 9373: 9368:. 18 July 2023. 9364: 9363: 9359: 9313: 9309: 9269: 9265: 9255: 9253: 9242: 9231: 9175: 9171: 9161: 9159: 9148: 9144: 9134: 9132: 9129: 9125: 9124: 9115: 9059: 9052: 9039: 9035: 9012: 9008: 8989: 8985: 8976: 8975: 8971: 8962: 8960: 8950: 8946: 8936: 8934: 8930: 8919: 8915: 8914: 8910: 8902: 8898: 8883: 8879: 8868: 8867: 8863: 8818: 8814: 8805: 8803: 8799: 8795: 8794: 8790: 8781: 8779: 8774: 8773: 8769: 8759: 8757: 8751: 8747: 8738: 8736: 8731: 8730: 8726: 8720:10.2307/2547189 8705: 8701: 8691: 8689: 8680: 8679: 8675: 8665: 8663: 8654: 8653: 8649: 8640: 8638: 8628: 8624: 8617: 8613: 8602: 8598: 8587: 8583: 8576: 8558: 8554: 8547: 8539:. p. 330. 8527: 8520: 8512: 8506: 8495: 8488: 8472: 8468: 8453: 8449: 8436: 8435: 8428: 8413: 8409: 8400: 8396: 8387: 8385: 8376: 8375: 8368: 8358: 8356: 8347: 8346: 8342: 8333: 8331: 8322: 8321: 8317: 8308: 8299: 8292: 8288: 8279: 8277: 8272: 8271: 8267: 8262:Wayback Machine 8254: 8250: 8241: 8239: 8237: 8221: 8217: 8208: 8206: 8201: 8200: 8196: 8187: 8185: 8180: 8179: 8175: 8166: 8164: 8155: 8154: 8150: 8139: 8138: 8134: 8125: 8123: 8112: 8108: 8089: 8085: 8072: 8071: 8067: 8054: 8053: 8049: 8034: 8033: 8029: 8019: 8017: 8006: 8002: 7993: 7992: 7988: 7953: 7949: 7918: 7914: 7907: 7887: 7883: 7873: 7871: 7861: 7857: 7848: 7847: 7838: 7828: 7826: 7818: 7814: 7813: 7809: 7800: 7798: 7793: 7792: 7788: 7777: 7770: 7760: 7758: 7749: 7748: 7744: 7728: 7727: 7723: 7712: 7711: 7707: 7694: 7690: 7683: 7667: 7663: 7652: 7648: 7641: 7625: 7621: 7610: 7606: 7599: 7583: 7579: 7572: 7556: 7552: 7547:. July 1, 2022. 7539: 7538: 7529: 7519: 7517: 7508: 7507: 7503: 7488: 7466: 7459: 7454: 7347:Mexican cuisine 7287:La raza cósmica 7148: 7143: 7141: 7134: 7129: 7127: 7120: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7105: 7099: 7090:type 2 diabetes 7052: 7047: 7042: 7037:El Paso, TX MSA 7013:Phoenix, AZ MSA 6995:Houston, TX MSA 6975: 6939: 6937: 6918: 6916: 6897: 6895: 6876: 6874: 6855: 6853: 6834: 6832: 6813: 6811: 6792: 6790: 6771: 6769: 6750: 6748: 6729: 6727: 6708: 6706: 6687: 6685: 6666: 6664: 6645: 6643: 6624: 6622: 6603: 6601: 6582: 6580: 6561: 6559: 6540: 6538: 6519: 6517: 6498: 6496: 6477: 6475: 6456: 6454: 6435: 6433: 6414: 6412: 6393: 6391: 6372: 6370: 6351: 6349: 6330: 6328: 6309: 6307: 6288: 6286: 6267: 6265: 6246: 6244: 6225: 6223: 6204: 6202: 6183: 6181: 6162: 6160: 6141: 6139: 6120: 6118: 6100: 6081: 6079: 6060: 6058: 6039: 6037: 6018: 6016: 5997: 5995: 5976: 5974: 5955: 5953: 5934: 5932: 5913: 5911: 5892: 5890: 5881: 5879: 5877: 5873:State/Territory 5868: 5813: 5741:Gwinnett County 5705:North Las Vegas 5695: 5674: 5586: 5569: 5450: 5411:San Luis Valley 5349: 5283:North Fair Oaks 5249:Imperial Valley 5115:Zoot Suit riots 5076: 5057: 5015: 5009: 4900: 4895: 4847: 4845:Chicano studies 4837: 4812:1917 Bath riots 4801: 4764: 4694:Edward Roybal's 4667: 4636: 4627: 4622: 4613: 4559: 4506:celebration in 4488:Mexican Cession 4477: 4467: 4361:Zoot Suit riots 4296:Mexicans faced 4278: 4272: 4264:Main articles: 4262: 4161: 4151: 4146: 4090: 4038: 4021:celebration in 4011: 4003:Main articles: 4001: 3789: 3777: 3744:Greater Houston 3694: 3584: 3474:Vincent Barabba 3467: 3459:Latinobarómetro 3413: 3412: 3404: 3389: 3384:Some Other Race 3376: 3361: 3346: 3331: 3316: 3301: 3200:in Los Angeles. 3187: 3181: 3141:campaign slogan 2979: 2966:Bracero program 2950:William N. Doak 2895: 2800:John C. Fremont 2785:Alta California 2677: 2648: 2642: 2626:adopted English 2528: 2490: 2488: 2481: 2480: 2479: 2459: 2451: 2450: 2449: 2387: 2379: 2378: 2377: 2310: 2302: 2301: 2300: 2270: 2262: 2261: 2260: 2185: 2177: 2176: 2175: 2160: 2152: 2151: 2150: 2121: 2115: 2107: 2106: 2105: 2031:Cuban Americans 1995: 1985: 1969: 1921: 1919: 1912: 1911: 1906: 1887:Chicano rappers 1867: 1859: 1858: 1853: 1808: 1742: 1734: 1733: 1728: 1706: 1599: 1591: 1590: 1585: 1552: 1514: 1471:Art Collectives 1466: 1427: 1419: 1418: 1413: 1350: 1309: 1281: 1277:Chicanafuturism 1257: 1255:Chicano studies 1247: 1246: 1241: 1193: 1174:So Far from God 1096: 1062: 1033: 1025: 1024: 1019: 971: 938: 929:Tex-Mex cuisine 910: 896:Chicano English 871: 863: 862: 857: 847:Proposition 187 796:Arizona SB 1070 761: 642:Centro Cultural 606: 602:Zoot Suit Riots 552:Bracero program 537:1917 Bath riots 523: 474: 464: 463: 400: 299: 295: 291: 278: 274:Chicano English 249:Mexican Spanish 235: 202: 77: 76: 71: 57: 45: 31: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 16896: 16886: 16885: 16880: 16863: 16862: 16859: 16858: 16856: 16855: 16850: 16845: 16842: 16841: 16840: 16830: 16825: 16820: 16815: 16809: 16806: 16805: 16803: 16802: 16797: 16792: 16787: 16782: 16777: 16772: 16767: 16762: 16756: 16754: 16748: 16747: 16745: 16744: 16739: 16734: 16729: 16724: 16719: 16714: 16709: 16704: 16699: 16694: 16689: 16683: 16681: 16677: 16676: 16674: 16673: 16672: 16671: 16666: 16658: 16657: 16656: 16651: 16646: 16641: 16636: 16631: 16626: 16621: 16616: 16605: 16603: 16597: 16596: 16594: 16593: 16592: 16591: 16590: 16589: 16584: 16574: 16569: 16564: 16559: 16558: 16557: 16552: 16547: 16542: 16537: 16532: 16527: 16513: 16512: 16506: 16505: 16504: 16503: 16498: 16493: 16488: 16483: 16478: 16473: 16468: 16463: 16456:Alaska Natives 16453: 16452: 16451: 16446: 16441: 16436: 16434:Tohono Oʼodham 16431: 16426: 16421: 16416: 16411: 16406: 16401: 16400: 16399: 16394: 16384: 16379: 16374: 16369: 16364: 16359: 16354: 16349: 16344: 16339: 16338: 16337: 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15686: 15681: 15676: 15675: 15674: 15669: 15664: 15659: 15654: 15649: 15644: 15639: 15634: 15629: 15624: 15619: 15612:Arab Americans 15603: 15602: 15601: 15600: 15589: 15588: 15587: 15586: 15581: 15579:Thai Americans 15576: 15571: 15566: 15561: 15556: 15551: 15546: 15541: 15536: 15535: 15534: 15522:Southeast Asia 15519: 15518: 15517: 15516: 15515: 15505: 15504: 15503: 15498: 15488: 15483: 15478: 15477: 15476: 15471: 15466: 15461: 15456: 15451: 15446: 15436: 15431: 15430: 15429: 15414: 15413: 15412: 15407: 15402: 15401: 15400: 15390: 15389: 15388: 15383: 15382: 15381: 15376: 15371: 15361: 15346: 15345: 15344: 15339: 15334: 15329: 15324: 15319: 15314: 15309: 15308: 15307: 15292: 15291: 15290: 15279: 15277: 15273: 15272: 15270: 15269: 15268: 15267: 15262: 15261: 15260: 15255: 15250: 15245: 15235: 15234: 15233: 15217: 15216: 15215: 15214: 15209: 15204: 15195: 15194: 15193: 15192: 15191: 15190: 15185: 15184: 15183: 15178: 15173: 15168: 15163: 15158: 15153: 15148: 15143: 15138: 15133: 15128: 15123: 15113: 15112: 15111: 15106: 15101: 15096: 15086: 15085: 15084: 15079: 15074: 15069: 15059: 15057:Igbo Americans 15054: 15052:Fula Americans 15049: 15048: 15047: 15042: 15037: 15032: 15017: 15016: 15015: 15010: 15005: 15004: 15003: 14998: 14993: 14988: 14983: 14978: 14973: 14968: 14963: 14958: 14953: 14948: 14943: 14938: 14917: 14915: 14908: 14900: 14899: 14897: 14896: 14891: 14886: 14884:Scientologists 14881: 14876: 14871: 14866: 14861: 14860: 14859: 14857:Value Creators 14854: 14849: 14844: 14839: 14829: 14824: 14819: 14814: 14813: 14812: 14807: 14802: 14797: 14787: 14782: 14776: 14774: 14768: 14767: 14765: 14764: 14759: 14754: 14749: 14744: 14739: 14738: 14737: 14732: 14727: 14717: 14712: 14707: 14705:Middle classes 14702: 14697: 14692: 14687: 14682: 14677: 14672: 14670:Home-ownership 14667: 14662: 14657: 14652: 14646: 14644: 14638: 14637: 14632: 14629: 14628: 14621: 14620: 14613: 14606: 14598: 14589: 14588: 14586: 14585: 14580: 14574: 14571: 14570: 14568: 14567: 14562: 14557: 14552: 14547: 14542: 14537: 14532: 14527: 14521: 14519: 14515: 14514: 14512: 14511: 14504: 14497: 14496: 14495: 14490: 14480: 14479: 14478: 14470: 14465: 14458: 14455:Nuevomexicanos 14451: 14444: 14437: 14430: 14425: 14418: 14411: 14404: 14386: 14385: 14384: 14375: 14373: 14369: 14368: 14366: 14365: 14358: 14351: 14344: 14337: 14330: 14323: 14316: 14309: 14302: 14295: 14288: 14280: 14278: 14271: 14270: 14268: 14267: 14262: 14257: 14252: 14247: 14242: 14237: 14235:Gringo justice 14232: 14227: 14221: 14219: 14215: 14214: 14212: 14211: 14206: 14201: 14196: 14191: 14186: 14181: 14176: 14171: 14166: 14161: 14156: 14151: 14146: 14141: 14136: 14131: 14126: 14121: 14116: 14111: 14109:Chicano poetry 14106: 14101: 14096: 14094:Chicano cinema 14091: 14086: 14081: 14075: 14073: 14069: 14068: 14066: 14065: 14060: 14053: 14048: 14043: 14038: 14033: 14026: 14021: 14014: 14009: 14002: 13997: 13992: 13987: 13982: 13976: 13974: 13970: 13969: 13967: 13966: 13961: 13956: 13951: 13946: 13941: 13936: 13931: 13926: 13921: 13916: 13911: 13906: 13901: 13896: 13891: 13886: 13880: 13878: 13872: 13871: 13869: 13868: 13863: 13858: 13853: 13848: 13843: 13838: 13833: 13828: 13823: 13818: 13812: 13810: 13806: 13805: 13803: 13802: 13797: 13792: 13787: 13782: 13777: 13772: 13767: 13761: 13759: 13755: 13754: 13742: 13741: 13734: 13727: 13719: 13710: 13709: 13707: 13706: 13696: 13683: 13682: 13672: 13671: 13670: 13667: 13666: 13664: 13663: 13658: 13653: 13648: 13642: 13640: 13636: 13635: 13633: 13632: 13627: 13622: 13621: 13620: 13610: 13609: 13608: 13600: 13595: 13590: 13585: 13580: 13575: 13570: 13565: 13560: 13559: 13558: 13553: 13543: 13537: 13535: 13531: 13530: 13528: 13527: 13522: 13517: 13511: 13509: 13505: 13504: 13502: 13501: 13496: 13491: 13485: 13483: 13479: 13478: 13476: 13475: 13474: 13473: 13468: 13463: 13458: 13453: 13442: 13440: 13436: 13435: 13433: 13432: 13427: 13422: 13417: 13412: 13407: 13402: 13397: 13392: 13387: 13381: 13379: 13378:South American 13375: 13374: 13371: 13370: 13368: 13367: 13362: 13357: 13352: 13347: 13342: 13336: 13334: 13330: 13329: 13327: 13326: 13325: 13324: 13314: 13309: 13303: 13301: 13294: 13293: 13288: 13283: 13282: 13281: 13271: 13266: 13265: 13264: 13254: 13248: 13246: 13245:North American 13242: 13241: 13239: 13238: 13233: 13232: 13231: 13221: 13215: 13212: 13211: 13204: 13203: 13196: 13189: 13181: 13172: 13171: 13169: 13168: 13166:United Kingdom 13163: 13158: 13153: 13147: 13145: 13141: 13140: 13138: 13137: 13132: 13126: 13124: 13120: 13119: 13117: 13116: 13111: 13106: 13101: 13096: 13091: 13086: 13080: 13078: 13074: 13073: 13066: 13065: 13058: 13051: 13043: 13037: 13036: 13031: 13026: 13021: 13016: 13011: 13001: 12996: 12990: 12974: 12968: 12957: 12956:External links 12954: 12953: 12952: 12940: 12937: 12936: 12935: 12917:(3): 569–604. 12906: 12896: 12884: 12877: 12867: 12860: 12848:Gomez, Laura. 12846: 12836: 12821:Main article: 12818: 12815: 12812: 12811: 12767: 12713: 12670: 12649: 12624: 12599: 12574: 12549: 12524: 12510: 12496: 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July 1, 2021 11890: 11879:. July 1, 2021 11864: 11836: 11800: 11781: 11778:on 2020-02-12. 11758: 11744: 11730: 11711: 11685: 11671: 11657: 11637: 11623: 11598: 11584: 11562: 11537: 11508: 11484: 11439: 11428:(4): 256–273. 11411: 11400:(3): 159–170. 11384: 11349: 11304: 11269: 11244: 11218: 11209:|journal= 11177: 11152: 11146:978-0739170977 11145: 11125: 11101: 11089: 11061: 11047: 10994: 10970: 10955: 10948: 10921: 10895: 10875: 10860: 10848: 10818: 10800: 10781: 10762:(3): 599–618. 10742: 10727: 10684: 10659: 10639: 10625: 10605: 10579: 10549: 10518: 10497: 10472: 10441: 10416: 10389: 10382: 10360: 10350: 10332: 10314: 10293: 10275: 10260: 10239:(4): 392–422. 10219: 10194: 10176: 10152: 10141:. May 17, 2007 10126: 10105: 10083: 10052: 10043: 10021: 10007: 9989: 9968: 9943: 9932:. 14 July 2011 9921: 9907: 9887: 9873: 9853: 9839: 9819: 9812: 9792: 9778: 9756: 9739: 9732: 9709: 9688: 9656: 9641: 9623: 9605: 9598: 9578: 9544: 9510: 9480: 9457: 9435: 9395: 9371: 9357: 9334:10.1086/518313 9307: 9263: 9229: 9169: 9142: 9113: 9050: 9033: 9006: 8983: 8969: 8944: 8908: 8896: 8877: 8861: 8812: 8802:. Pewforum.org 8788: 8767: 8745: 8724: 8699: 8673: 8647: 8622: 8611: 8596: 8581: 8574: 8552: 8545: 8518: 8493: 8486: 8466: 8447: 8426: 8407: 8394: 8366: 8355:. 25 June 2021 8340: 8315: 8297: 8286: 8265: 8248: 8235: 8215: 8194: 8173: 8148: 8132: 8106: 8101:10.3386/w11281 8083: 8065: 8047: 8027: 8000: 7986: 7967:(1): 225–242. 7947: 7928:(3): 266–278. 7912: 7905: 7881: 7855: 7836: 7807: 7786: 7768: 7757:. July 1, 2019 7742: 7734:Dictionary.com 7721: 7705: 7688: 7681: 7661: 7646: 7639: 7619: 7604: 7597: 7577: 7570: 7550: 7527: 7516:. July 1, 2021 7501: 7486: 7456: 7455: 7453: 7450: 7449: 7448: 7441: 7433: 7425: 7422:McFarland, USA 7418: 7410: 7402: 7395: 7387: 7379: 7366: 7365: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7329: 7327:Chicano poetry 7324: 7313: 7312: 7307: 7296: 7295: 7290: 7283: 7278: 7273: 7268: 7263: 7261:White Mexicans 7258: 7253: 7248: 7236: 7235: 7230: 7225: 7220: 7215: 7210: 7205: 7200: 7195: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7165: 7160: 7154: 7153: 7139: 7125: 7109: 7106: 7101:Main article: 7098: 7097:Notable people 7095: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7040: 7034: 7028: 7022: 7016: 7010: 7004: 6998: 6992: 6986: 6979: 6974: 6971: 6968: 6967: 6964: 6961: 6955: 6954: 6951: 6948: 6934: 6933: 6930: 6927: 6913: 6912: 6909: 6906: 6892: 6891: 6888: 6885: 6871: 6870: 6867: 6864: 6850: 6849: 6846: 6843: 6829: 6828: 6825: 6822: 6808: 6807: 6804: 6801: 6787: 6786: 6783: 6780: 6766: 6765: 6762: 6759: 6745: 6744: 6741: 6738: 6736:South Carolina 6724: 6723: 6720: 6717: 6703: 6702: 6699: 6696: 6682: 6681: 6678: 6675: 6661: 6660: 6657: 6654: 6640: 6639: 6636: 6633: 6619: 6618: 6615: 6612: 6598: 6597: 6594: 6591: 6589:North Carolina 6577: 6576: 6573: 6570: 6556: 6555: 6552: 6549: 6535: 6534: 6531: 6528: 6514: 6513: 6510: 6507: 6493: 6492: 6489: 6486: 6472: 6471: 6468: 6465: 6451: 6450: 6447: 6444: 6430: 6429: 6426: 6423: 6409: 6408: 6405: 6402: 6388: 6387: 6384: 6381: 6367: 6366: 6363: 6360: 6346: 6345: 6342: 6339: 6325: 6324: 6321: 6318: 6304: 6303: 6300: 6297: 6283: 6282: 6279: 6276: 6262: 6261: 6258: 6255: 6241: 6240: 6237: 6234: 6220: 6219: 6216: 6213: 6199: 6198: 6195: 6192: 6178: 6177: 6174: 6171: 6157: 6156: 6153: 6150: 6136: 6135: 6132: 6129: 6115: 6114: 6111: 6108: 6097: 6096: 6093: 6090: 6076: 6075: 6072: 6069: 6055: 6054: 6051: 6048: 6034: 6033: 6030: 6027: 6013: 6012: 6009: 6006: 5992: 5991: 5988: 5985: 5971: 5970: 5967: 5964: 5950: 5949: 5946: 5943: 5929: 5928: 5925: 5922: 5908: 5907: 5904: 5901: 5887: 5886: 5883: 5874: 5867: 5864: 5852:Salt Lake City 5825:Ninfa Laurenzo 5812: 5809: 5808: 5807: 5768: 5760: 5753: 5750: 5744: 5734: 5723: 5720: 5710: 5709: 5708: 5694: 5691: 5690: 5689: 5688: 5687: 5684:Milwaukee city 5673: 5670: 5669: 5668: 5665: 5658:Corpus Christi 5647: 5641: 5627: 5620:Houston, Texas 5617: 5607: 5601: 5585: 5582: 5581: 5580: 5568: 5565: 5564: 5563: 5562: 5561: 5551: 5550: 5549: 5533: 5532: 5531: 5515: 5514: 5513: 5497: 5496: 5495: 5489: 5476: 5449: 5446: 5445: 5444: 5443: 5442: 5374: 5373: 5372: 5356: 5348: 5345: 5344: 5343: 5313: 5312: 5311: 5306: 5300: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5273:East Palo Alto 5260: 5246: 5240: 5239: 5238: 5228: 5222: 5221: 5220: 5210: 5159: 5146: 5140: 5134: 5128: 5118: 5108: 5102: 5075: 5072: 5071: 5070: 5064: 5056: 5053: 5011:Main article: 5008: 5005: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4836: 4833: 4800: 4797: 4786:desegregation. 4763: 4760: 4747:Perez v. Sharp 4666: 4663: 4659:Dodger Stadium 4635: 4632: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4612: 4609: 4600: 4599: 4596: 4593: 4568:'s mother has 4558: 4555: 4484:Santa Fe Plaza 4466: 4463: 4407:Perez v. Sharp 4350:Felix Longoria 4261: 4258: 4250:Alan Greenspan 4181: 4180: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4089: 4086: 4037: 4036:Food and drink 4034: 4000: 3997: 3994: 3993: 3990: 3987: 3983: 3982: 3979: 3974: 3970: 3969: 3964: 3961: 3957: 3956: 3953: 3950: 3946: 3945: 3942: 3939: 3935: 3934: 3931: 3928: 3924: 3923: 3920: 3917: 3913: 3912: 3909: 3906: 3902: 3901: 3898: 3895: 3891: 3890: 3887: 3884: 3880: 3879: 3876: 3873: 3869: 3868: 3865: 3862: 3858: 3857: 3854: 3851: 3847: 3846: 3843: 3840: 3836: 3835: 3832: 3829: 3825: 3824: 3821: 3818: 3814: 3813: 3810: 3807: 3803: 3802: 3799: 3796: 3792: 3791: 3790:US immigrants 3786: 3783: 3776: 3773: 3758:Salt Lake City 3693: 3690: 3672:, daughter of 3647:Henry Cisneros 3583: 3580: 3575: 3574: 3566: 3565: 3564: 3561: 3558: 3547: 3536: 3532: 3504: 3466: 3463: 3409: 3408: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3394: 3393: 3390: 3387: 3385: 3381: 3380: 3377: 3374: 3372: 3366: 3365: 3362: 3359: 3357: 3351: 3350: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3336: 3335: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3321: 3320: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3306: 3305: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3290: 3289: 3284: 3282: 3276: 3275: 3274:2010 US Census 3269: 3268: 3244:2010 US Census 3198:Mariachi Plaza 3183:Main article: 3180: 3177: 3122:Roman Catholic 3059:Dolores Huerta 3047:intersectional 2978: 2975: 2923:Deteriorating 2894: 2891: 2843:William B. Ide 2669:Santa Fe Trail 2644:Main article: 2641: 2638: 2608:of Texas, and 2530: 2529: 2527: 2526: 2519: 2512: 2504: 2501: 2500: 2499: 2498: 2483: 2482: 2478: 2477: 2472: 2467: 2461: 2460: 2457: 2456: 2453: 2452: 2448: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2426: 2425: 2415: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2389: 2388: 2385: 2384: 2381: 2380: 2376: 2375: 2370: 2365: 2360: 2355: 2354: 2353: 2348: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2328: 2318: 2312: 2311: 2308: 2307: 2304: 2303: 2299: 2298: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2272: 2271: 2268: 2267: 2264: 2263: 2259: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2223: 2218: 2213: 2208: 2203: 2198: 2193: 2187: 2186: 2183: 2182: 2179: 2178: 2174: 2173: 2168: 2162: 2161: 2158: 2157: 2154: 2153: 2149: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2122: 2117: 2116: 2113: 2112: 2109: 2108: 2104: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2068: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1997: 1996: 1993: 1992: 1989: 1988: 1980: 1979: 1971: 1970: 1968: 1967: 1960: 1953: 1945: 1942: 1941: 1940: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1914: 1913: 1908: 1907: 1905: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1873: 1868: 1865: 1864: 1861: 1860: 1855: 1854: 1852: 1851: 1846: 1841: 1840: 1839: 1834: 1832:Nuevomexicanos 1829: 1818: 1815: 1814: 1810: 1809: 1807: 1806: 1805: 1804: 1799: 1789: 1782: 1775: 1768: 1761: 1753: 1750: 1749: 1743: 1740: 1739: 1736: 1735: 1730: 1729: 1727: 1726: 1718: 1715: 1714: 1708: 1707: 1705: 1704: 1697: 1690: 1683: 1676: 1669: 1662: 1655: 1648: 1641: 1634: 1627: 1620: 1612: 1609: 1608: 1600: 1597: 1596: 1593: 1592: 1587: 1586: 1584: 1583: 1578: 1576:Estrada Courts 1573: 1568: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1554: 1553: 1551: 1550: 1545: 1540: 1535: 1530: 1524: 1521: 1520: 1516: 1515: 1513: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1476: 1473: 1472: 1468: 1467: 1465: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1452:Chicano cinema 1449: 1444: 1438: 1435: 1434: 1428: 1425: 1424: 1421: 1420: 1415: 1414: 1412: 1411: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1391: 1386: 1381: 1376: 1374:Gringo justice 1371: 1366: 1360: 1357: 1356: 1352: 1351: 1349: 1348: 1341: 1334: 1327: 1319: 1316: 1315: 1311: 1310: 1308: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1291: 1288: 1287: 1283: 1282: 1280: 1279: 1274: 1268: 1265: 1264: 1258: 1253: 1252: 1249: 1248: 1243: 1242: 1240: 1239: 1232: 1225: 1218: 1211: 1203: 1200: 1199: 1195: 1194: 1192: 1191: 1184: 1177: 1170: 1163: 1156: 1149: 1142: 1135: 1128: 1121: 1114: 1106: 1103: 1102: 1098: 1097: 1095: 1094: 1087: 1080: 1077:Always Running 1072: 1069: 1068: 1064: 1063: 1061: 1060: 1058:Chicano poetry 1055: 1050: 1044: 1041: 1040: 1034: 1031: 1030: 1027: 1026: 1021: 1020: 1018: 1017: 1012: 1007: 1002: 997: 992: 987: 981: 978: 977: 973: 972: 970: 969: 964: 959: 954: 948: 945: 944: 940: 939: 937: 936: 931: 926: 920: 917: 916: 912: 911: 909: 908: 903: 898: 893: 888: 882: 879: 878: 872: 869: 868: 865: 864: 859: 858: 856: 855: 850: 843: 838: 833: 828: 821: 816: 809: 804: 799: 792: 787: 782: 777: 771: 768: 767: 763: 762: 760: 759: 754: 749: 744: 739: 734: 729: 724: 719: 714: 709: 704: 699: 694: 689: 687:Huelga schools 684: 679: 674: 669: 664: 659: 654: 649: 644: 639: 634: 629: 624: 618: 615: 614: 608: 607: 605: 604: 599: 594: 589: 584: 579: 574: 569: 564: 559: 554: 549: 544: 539: 533: 530: 529: 525: 524: 522: 521: 516: 511: 506: 501: 496: 491: 489:Josefa Segovia 485: 482: 481: 475: 470: 469: 466: 465: 460: 459: 458: 457: 449: 448: 444: 443: 442: 441: 436: 431: 426: 421: 416: 408: 407: 401: 398: 397: 394: 393: 385: 384: 374: 373: 365: 364: 321: 320: 316: 315: 285: 284: 280: 279: 277: 276: 271: 266: 261: 256: 251: 245: 242: 241: 237: 236: 234: 233: 227: 222: 217: 214: 213:North Carolina 211: 204: 201: 200: 194: 187: 182: 177: 166: 163: 158: 152: 149: 146: 140: 135: 130: 125: 119: 116:Salinas Valley 113: 111:Central Valley 108: 103: 98: 93: 89: 86: 85: 81: 80: 64: 63: 59: 58: 55: 47: 46: 39: 29: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 16895: 16884: 16881: 16879: 16876: 16875: 16873: 16854: 16851: 16849: 16846: 16843: 16839: 16836: 16835: 16834: 16831: 16829: 16826: 16824: 16821: 16819: 16816: 16814: 16811: 16810: 16807: 16801: 16798: 16796: 16793: 16791: 16788: 16786: 16783: 16781: 16778: 16776: 16773: 16771: 16768: 16766: 16763: 16761: 16758: 16757: 16755: 16753: 16749: 16743: 16740: 16738: 16735: 16733: 16730: 16728: 16725: 16723: 16720: 16718: 16715: 16713: 16710: 16708: 16705: 16703: 16700: 16698: 16695: 16693: 16690: 16688: 16685: 16684: 16682: 16680:South America 16678: 16670: 16667: 16665: 16662: 16661: 16659: 16655: 16652: 16650: 16647: 16645: 16642: 16640: 16637: 16635: 16632: 16630: 16627: 16625: 16622: 16620: 16617: 16615: 16612: 16611: 16610: 16607: 16606: 16604: 16602: 16598: 16588: 16585: 16583: 16580: 16579: 16578: 16575: 16573: 16570: 16568: 16565: 16563: 16560: 16556: 16553: 16551: 16548: 16546: 16543: 16541: 16538: 16536: 16533: 16531: 16528: 16526: 16523: 16522: 16520: 16519: 16518: 16515: 16514: 16511: 16508: 16507: 16502: 16499: 16497: 16494: 16492: 16489: 16487: 16484: 16482: 16479: 16477: 16474: 16472: 16469: 16467: 16464: 16462: 16459: 16458: 16457: 16454: 16450: 16447: 16445: 16442: 16440: 16437: 16435: 16432: 16430: 16427: 16425: 16422: 16420: 16417: 16415: 16412: 16410: 16407: 16405: 16402: 16398: 16395: 16393: 16390: 16389: 16388: 16385: 16383: 16380: 16378: 16375: 16373: 16370: 16368: 16365: 16363: 16360: 16358: 16355: 16353: 16350: 16348: 16345: 16343: 16340: 16336: 16333: 16331: 16328: 16326: 16323: 16321: 16318: 16316: 16313: 16309: 16306: 16304: 16301: 16299: 16296: 16294: 16291: 16289: 16286: 16285: 16284: 16281: 16279: 16276: 16274: 16271: 16269: 16266: 16264: 16261: 16259: 16256: 16254: 16251: 16249: 16246: 16244: 16241: 16239: 16236: 16234: 16231: 16229: 16226: 16224: 16221: 16219: 16216: 16214: 16211: 16209: 16206: 16205: 16204: 16201: 16199: 16196: 16194: 16191: 16189: 16186: 16184: 16181: 16177: 16174: 16172: 16169: 16167: 16164: 16162: 16159: 16157: 16154: 16152: 16149: 16148: 16147: 16144: 16142: 16139: 16137: 16134: 16132: 16129: 16127: 16124: 16122: 16119: 16117: 16114: 16112: 16109: 16107: 16104: 16102: 16099: 16097: 16094: 16092: 16089: 16087: 16084: 16083: 16082: 16079: 16078: 16076: 16074:North America 16072: 16066: 16063: 16061: 16058: 16054: 16051: 16049: 16046: 16042: 16039: 16038: 16037: 16034: 16032: 16029: 16027: 16024: 16022: 16019: 16015: 16012: 16010: 16007: 16005: 16002: 16000: 15997: 15996: 15995: 15992: 15990: 15987: 15985: 15982: 15980: 15977: 15975: 15972: 15970: 15967: 15965: 15962: 15960: 15957: 15955: 15952: 15950: 15947: 15945: 15942: 15940: 15937: 15935: 15932: 15930: 15927: 15925: 15922: 15920: 15917: 15915: 15912: 15908: 15905: 15904: 15903: 15900: 15898: 15895: 15893: 15890: 15888: 15885: 15883: 15880: 15878: 15875: 15871: 15868: 15867: 15866: 15863: 15861: 15858: 15856: 15853: 15851: 15848: 15844: 15841: 15840: 15839: 15836: 15834: 15831: 15829: 15826: 15824: 15821: 15819: 15816: 15814: 15811: 15807: 15804: 15802: 15799: 15797: 15794: 15792: 15789: 15787: 15784: 15783: 15782: 15779: 15777: 15774: 15772: 15769: 15767: 15764: 15762: 15759: 15757: 15754: 15752: 15749: 15747: 15744: 15743: 15742: 15739: 15738: 15736: 15734: 15730: 15722: 15719: 15717: 15714: 15710: 15707: 15706: 15705: 15702: 15700: 15697: 15695: 15692: 15690: 15687: 15685: 15682: 15680: 15677: 15673: 15670: 15668: 15665: 15663: 15660: 15658: 15655: 15653: 15650: 15648: 15645: 15643: 15640: 15638: 15635: 15633: 15630: 15628: 15625: 15623: 15620: 15618: 15615: 15614: 15613: 15610: 15609: 15608: 15605: 15604: 15599: 15596: 15595: 15594: 15591: 15590: 15585: 15582: 15580: 15577: 15575: 15572: 15570: 15567: 15565: 15562: 15560: 15557: 15555: 15552: 15550: 15547: 15545: 15542: 15540: 15537: 15533: 15530: 15529: 15528: 15525: 15524: 15523: 15520: 15514: 15511: 15510: 15509: 15506: 15502: 15499: 15497: 15494: 15493: 15492: 15489: 15487: 15484: 15482: 15479: 15475: 15472: 15470: 15467: 15465: 15462: 15460: 15457: 15455: 15452: 15450: 15447: 15445: 15442: 15441: 15440: 15437: 15435: 15432: 15428: 15425: 15424: 15423: 15420: 15419: 15418: 15415: 15411: 15408: 15406: 15403: 15399: 15396: 15395: 15394: 15391: 15387: 15384: 15380: 15377: 15375: 15372: 15370: 15367: 15366: 15365: 15362: 15360: 15357: 15356: 15355: 15352: 15351: 15350: 15347: 15343: 15340: 15338: 15335: 15333: 15330: 15328: 15325: 15323: 15320: 15318: 15315: 15313: 15310: 15306: 15303: 15302: 15301: 15298: 15297: 15296: 15293: 15289: 15286: 15285: 15284: 15281: 15280: 15278: 15274: 15266: 15263: 15259: 15256: 15254: 15251: 15249: 15246: 15244: 15241: 15240: 15239: 15236: 15232: 15229: 15228: 15227: 15224: 15223: 15222: 15219: 15218: 15213: 15210: 15208: 15205: 15203: 15200: 15199: 15197: 15196: 15189: 15186: 15182: 15179: 15177: 15174: 15172: 15169: 15167: 15164: 15162: 15159: 15157: 15154: 15152: 15149: 15147: 15144: 15142: 15139: 15137: 15134: 15132: 15129: 15127: 15124: 15122: 15119: 15118: 15117: 15114: 15110: 15107: 15105: 15102: 15100: 15097: 15095: 15092: 15091: 15090: 15087: 15083: 15080: 15078: 15075: 15073: 15070: 15068: 15065: 15064: 15063: 15060: 15058: 15055: 15053: 15050: 15046: 15043: 15041: 15038: 15036: 15033: 15031: 15028: 15027: 15026: 15023: 15022: 15021: 15018: 15014: 15013:Black Indians 15011: 15009: 15006: 15002: 14999: 14997: 14994: 14992: 14989: 14987: 14984: 14982: 14979: 14977: 14974: 14972: 14969: 14967: 14964: 14962: 14959: 14957: 14954: 14952: 14949: 14947: 14944: 14942: 14939: 14937: 14934: 14933: 14932: 14929: 14928: 14927: 14924: 14923: 14922: 14919: 14918: 14916: 14912: 14909: 14907: 14901: 14895: 14892: 14890: 14887: 14885: 14882: 14880: 14877: 14875: 14874:Non-religious 14872: 14870: 14867: 14865: 14862: 14858: 14855: 14853: 14850: 14848: 14845: 14843: 14840: 14838: 14835: 14834: 14833: 14830: 14828: 14825: 14823: 14820: 14818: 14815: 14811: 14808: 14806: 14803: 14801: 14798: 14796: 14793: 14792: 14791: 14788: 14786: 14783: 14781: 14778: 14777: 14775: 14773: 14769: 14763: 14760: 14758: 14755: 14753: 14750: 14748: 14745: 14743: 14740: 14736: 14733: 14731: 14728: 14726: 14723: 14722: 14721: 14718: 14716: 14713: 14711: 14708: 14706: 14703: 14701: 14698: 14696: 14693: 14691: 14688: 14686: 14683: 14681: 14678: 14676: 14673: 14671: 14668: 14666: 14663: 14661: 14658: 14656: 14653: 14651: 14648: 14647: 14645: 14639: 14635: 14630: 14626: 14619: 14614: 14612: 14607: 14605: 14600: 14599: 14596: 14584: 14581: 14579: 14576: 14575: 14572: 14566: 14563: 14561: 14558: 14556: 14553: 14551: 14548: 14546: 14543: 14541: 14538: 14536: 14533: 14531: 14530:Chicano poets 14528: 14526: 14525:Chicano films 14523: 14522: 14520: 14516: 14509: 14505: 14502: 14498: 14494: 14491: 14489: 14486: 14485: 14484: 14481: 14477: 14474: 14473: 14472:Pennsylvania 14471: 14469: 14466: 14463: 14462:New York City 14459: 14456: 14452: 14449: 14445: 14442: 14438: 14435: 14431: 14429: 14426: 14423: 14419: 14416: 14412: 14409: 14405: 14402: 14398: 14397:San Francisco 14394: 14390: 14387: 14383: 14380: 14379: 14377: 14376: 14374: 14370: 14364: 14363: 14359: 14357: 14356: 14352: 14350: 14349: 14345: 14343: 14342: 14338: 14336: 14335: 14331: 14329: 14328: 14324: 14322: 14321: 14320:Plyler v. Doe 14317: 14315: 14314: 14310: 14308: 14307: 14303: 14301: 14300: 14296: 14294: 14293: 14289: 14287: 14286: 14282: 14281: 14279: 14276: 14275:Supreme Court 14272: 14266: 14263: 14261: 14258: 14256: 14253: 14251: 14248: 14246: 14245:New tribalism 14243: 14241: 14238: 14236: 14233: 14231: 14228: 14226: 14225:Barrioization 14223: 14222: 14220: 14216: 14210: 14207: 14205: 14202: 14200: 14197: 14195: 14192: 14190: 14187: 14185: 14182: 14180: 14177: 14175: 14172: 14170: 14167: 14165: 14162: 14160: 14157: 14155: 14152: 14150: 14147: 14145: 14142: 14140: 14137: 14135: 14132: 14130: 14129:Cinco de Mayo 14127: 14125: 14122: 14120: 14117: 14115: 14112: 14110: 14107: 14105: 14104:Chicano names 14102: 14100: 14097: 14095: 14092: 14090: 14087: 14085: 14082: 14080: 14077: 14076: 14074: 14070: 14064: 14061: 14059: 14058: 14054: 14052: 14049: 14047: 14044: 14042: 14039: 14037: 14034: 14032: 14031: 14027: 14025: 14022: 14020: 14019: 14015: 14013: 14010: 14008: 14007: 14003: 14001: 13998: 13996: 13993: 13991: 13988: 13986: 13983: 13981: 13978: 13977: 13975: 13971: 13965: 13962: 13960: 13957: 13955: 13952: 13950: 13947: 13945: 13942: 13940: 13937: 13935: 13932: 13930: 13927: 13925: 13922: 13920: 13917: 13915: 13912: 13910: 13907: 13905: 13902: 13900: 13897: 13895: 13892: 13890: 13887: 13885: 13882: 13881: 13879: 13877: 13873: 13867: 13864: 13862: 13859: 13857: 13854: 13852: 13849: 13847: 13844: 13842: 13839: 13837: 13834: 13832: 13829: 13827: 13824: 13822: 13819: 13817: 13814: 13813: 13811: 13807: 13801: 13798: 13796: 13793: 13791: 13788: 13786: 13783: 13781: 13778: 13776: 13773: 13771: 13768: 13766: 13763: 13762: 13760: 13756: 13751: 13747: 13740: 13735: 13733: 13728: 13726: 13721: 13720: 13717: 13705: 13697: 13695: 13687: 13686: 13677: 13673: 13668: 13662: 13659: 13657: 13654: 13652: 13649: 13647: 13644: 13643: 13641: 13637: 13631: 13628: 13626: 13623: 13619: 13616: 13615: 13614: 13611: 13607: 13604: 13603: 13601: 13599: 13596: 13594: 13591: 13589: 13586: 13584: 13581: 13579: 13578:Massachusetts 13576: 13574: 13571: 13569: 13566: 13564: 13561: 13557: 13556:San Francisco 13554: 13552: 13549: 13548: 13547: 13544: 13542: 13539: 13538: 13536: 13532: 13526: 13523: 13521: 13518: 13516: 13513: 13512: 13510: 13506: 13500: 13497: 13495: 13492: 13490: 13487: 13486: 13484: 13482:Ethnic groups 13480: 13472: 13469: 13467: 13464: 13462: 13459: 13457: 13454: 13452: 13449: 13448: 13447: 13444: 13443: 13441: 13437: 13431: 13428: 13426: 13423: 13421: 13418: 13416: 13413: 13411: 13408: 13406: 13403: 13401: 13398: 13396: 13393: 13391: 13388: 13386: 13383: 13382: 13380: 13376: 13366: 13363: 13361: 13358: 13356: 13353: 13351: 13348: 13346: 13343: 13341: 13338: 13337: 13335: 13331: 13323: 13320: 13319: 13318: 13315: 13313: 13310: 13308: 13305: 13304: 13302: 13298: 13292: 13289: 13287: 13286:Nuevomexicano 13284: 13280: 13277: 13276: 13275: 13272: 13270: 13267: 13263: 13260: 13259: 13258: 13255: 13253: 13250: 13249: 13247: 13243: 13237: 13234: 13230: 13227: 13226: 13225: 13222: 13220: 13217: 13216: 13213: 13209: 13202: 13197: 13195: 13190: 13188: 13183: 13182: 13179: 13167: 13164: 13162: 13159: 13157: 13154: 13152: 13149: 13148: 13146: 13142: 13136: 13133: 13131: 13128: 13127: 13125: 13121: 13115: 13114:United States 13112: 13110: 13107: 13105: 13102: 13100: 13097: 13095: 13092: 13090: 13087: 13085: 13082: 13081: 13079: 13075: 13071: 13064: 13059: 13057: 13052: 13050: 13045: 13044: 13041: 13035: 13032: 13030: 13027: 13025: 13022: 13020: 13017: 13015: 13012: 13009: 13005: 13002: 13000: 12997: 12994: 12991: 12989: 12985: 12981: 12978: 12975: 12972: 12969: 12967: 12963: 12960: 12959: 12951: 12947: 12943: 12942: 12932: 12928: 12924: 12920: 12916: 12912: 12907: 12905: 12901: 12897: 12895: 12891: 12888: 12885: 12882: 12878: 12876: 12872: 12868: 12865: 12861: 12859: 12855: 12851: 12847: 12845: 12841: 12837: 12834: 12830: 12829:Dolan, Jay P. 12827: 12826: 12824: 12807: 12801: 12787:on 2018-12-10 12786: 12782: 12778: 12771: 12763: 12759: 12754: 12749: 12745: 12741: 12737: 12733: 12729: 12722: 12720: 12718: 12709: 12705: 12701: 12697: 12693: 12689: 12685: 12681: 12674: 12659: 12653: 12638: 12634: 12628: 12613: 12609: 12603: 12588: 12584: 12578: 12563: 12559: 12553: 12538: 12534: 12528: 12520: 12514: 12506: 12500: 12492: 12486: 12478: 12472: 12464: 12458: 12450: 12444: 12436: 12432: 12425: 12410: 12406: 12400: 12385: 12381: 12375: 12367: 12361: 12343: 12337: 12329: 12323: 12315: 12311: 12307: 12303: 12299: 12292: 12277: 12273: 12267: 12259: 12253: 12245: 12243:9780874176513 12239: 12235: 12234: 12226: 12211: 12207: 12201: 12185: 12179: 12171: 12167: 12161: 12153: 12149: 12143: 12128: 12124: 12118: 12110: 12106: 12100: 12092: 12088: 12082: 12074: 12070: 12064: 12056: 12052: 12046: 12038: 12034: 12028: 12020: 12016: 12010: 12002: 11998: 11992: 11984: 11980: 11974: 11966: 11962: 11956: 11948: 11944: 11938: 11930: 11926: 11920: 11909:September 15, 11904: 11900: 11894: 11883:September 15, 11878: 11874: 11868: 11853: 11846: 11840: 11821: 11817: 11810: 11804: 11796: 11792: 11785: 11777: 11773: 11769: 11762: 11754: 11748: 11740: 11734: 11726: 11722: 11715: 11707: 11703: 11696: 11694: 11692: 11690: 11682:. p. 89. 11681: 11675: 11667: 11661: 11654:. 2015-08-05. 11653: 11652: 11647: 11641: 11633: 11627: 11612: 11608: 11602: 11594: 11588: 11572: 11566: 11552:on 2020-02-11 11551: 11547: 11541: 11525: 11521: 11515: 11513: 11498: 11494: 11488: 11480: 11474: 11471: 11467: 11463: 11459: 11455: 11451: 11443: 11435: 11431: 11427: 11423: 11415: 11407: 11403: 11399: 11395: 11388: 11380: 11376: 11372: 11368: 11364: 11360: 11353: 11345: 11341: 11336: 11331: 11327: 11323: 11319: 11315: 11308: 11300: 11296: 11292: 11288: 11285:(2): 81–103. 11284: 11280: 11273: 11258: 11254: 11248: 11232: 11228: 11222: 11214: 11201: 11193: 11186: 11184: 11182: 11175: 11171: 11167: 11161: 11159: 11157: 11148: 11142: 11138: 11137: 11129: 11115: 11111: 11105: 11096: 11094: 11079: 11075: 11068: 11066: 11056: 11054: 11052: 11043: 11037: 11029: 11025: 11021: 11017: 11013: 11009: 11005: 10998: 10991: 10985: 10983: 10981: 10979: 10977: 10975: 10967: 10965: 10959: 10951: 10945: 10941: 10940: 10932: 10930: 10928: 10926: 10910: 10906: 10899: 10893: 10889: 10885: 10879: 10871: 10864: 10851: 10845: 10841: 10837: 10833: 10829: 10822: 10815:. 2014-12-09. 10814: 10810: 10804: 10796: 10792: 10785: 10777: 10773: 10769: 10765: 10761: 10757: 10753: 10746: 10738: 10731: 10723: 10719: 10715: 10711: 10707: 10703: 10699: 10695: 10688: 10673: 10669: 10663: 10655: 10654: 10649: 10643: 10628: 10626:9780826362858 10622: 10618: 10617: 10609: 10594: 10590: 10583: 10567: 10563: 10559: 10553: 10539:on 2008-02-16 10535: 10528: 10522: 10507: 10501: 10486: 10482: 10476: 10460: 10456: 10452: 10445: 10430: 10426: 10420: 10406: 10402: 10396: 10394: 10385: 10383:9780520956872 10379: 10375: 10371: 10364: 10357: 10353: 10351:9780812223033 10347: 10343: 10336: 10328: 10324: 10318: 10310: 10306: 10300: 10298: 10291: 10287: 10284: 10279: 10271: 10264: 10256: 10252: 10247: 10242: 10238: 10234: 10230: 10223: 10209:on 2012-09-30 10208: 10204: 10198: 10190: 10186: 10180: 10173: 10169: 10165: 10162: 10156: 10140: 10136: 10130: 10115: 10109: 10094: 10087: 10079: 10075: 10071: 10067: 10063: 10056: 10047: 10039: 10035: 10031: 10025: 10017: 10011: 10003: 9999: 9993: 9978: 9972: 9957: 9953: 9947: 9931: 9925: 9910: 9908:9780742573048 9904: 9900: 9899: 9891: 9876: 9874:9780816519774 9870: 9866: 9865: 9857: 9842: 9840:9781478608899 9836: 9832: 9831: 9823: 9815: 9809: 9805: 9804: 9796: 9788: 9782: 9767: 9760: 9752: 9751: 9743: 9735: 9729: 9725: 9724: 9716: 9714: 9705: 9701: 9695: 9693: 9678:on 2013-08-18 9677: 9673: 9667: 9665: 9663: 9661: 9652: 9645: 9637: 9630: 9628: 9619: 9612: 9610: 9601: 9595: 9591: 9590: 9582: 9568:on 2014-04-11 9567: 9563: 9559: 9553: 9551: 9549: 9534: 9530: 9529: 9524: 9522: 9514: 9498: 9494: 9490: 9484: 9467: 9461: 9445: 9439: 9423: 9419: 9415: 9408: 9406: 9404: 9402: 9400: 9381: 9375: 9367: 9361: 9353: 9349: 9344: 9339: 9335: 9331: 9327: 9323: 9319: 9311: 9304: 9300: 9296: 9291: 9286: 9283:(9): 568–74. 9282: 9278: 9277:J. Hum. Genet 9274: 9267: 9251: 9247: 9240: 9238: 9236: 9234: 9225: 9221: 9216: 9211: 9207: 9203: 9198: 9193: 9189: 9185: 9181: 9173: 9157: 9153: 9146: 9128: 9122: 9120: 9118: 9109: 9105: 9100: 9095: 9090: 9085: 9081: 9077: 9073: 9069: 9065: 9057: 9055: 9047: 9043: 9037: 9029: 9025: 9021: 9017: 9010: 9003: 8998: 8994: 8987: 8979: 8973: 8959: 8955: 8948: 8929: 8925: 8918: 8912: 8905: 8900: 8892: 8888: 8881: 8874:. p. 34. 8873: 8872: 8865: 8857: 8853: 8848: 8843: 8839: 8835: 8831: 8827: 8823: 8816: 8798: 8792: 8777: 8771: 8756: 8749: 8734: 8728: 8721: 8717: 8713: 8709: 8703: 8687: 8683: 8677: 8661: 8657: 8651: 8637: 8633: 8630:Janos, Adam. 8626: 8620: 8615: 8607: 8600: 8592: 8585: 8577: 8575:9780313338304 8571: 8567: 8563: 8556: 8548: 8546:9780826339737 8542: 8538: 8534: 8533: 8525: 8523: 8511: 8504: 8502: 8500: 8498: 8489: 8487:9780816503667 8483: 8479: 8478: 8470: 8462: 8458: 8451: 8444:. 2013-08-14. 8443: 8439: 8433: 8431: 8422: 8418: 8411: 8404: 8398: 8384:on 2009-04-21 8383: 8379: 8373: 8371: 8354: 8350: 8344: 8330:on 2013-12-18 8329: 8325: 8319: 8312: 8306: 8304: 8302: 8295: 8290: 8275: 8269: 8263: 8259: 8256: 8252: 8238: 8236:9780292784482 8232: 8228: 8227: 8219: 8204: 8198: 8183: 8177: 8162: 8158: 8152: 8144: 8143: 8136: 8122:on 2012-05-19 8121: 8117: 8110: 8102: 8098: 8094: 8087: 8079: 8075: 8069: 8061: 8057: 8051: 8043: 8039: 8038: 8031: 8015: 8011: 8004: 7996: 7990: 7982: 7978: 7974: 7970: 7966: 7962: 7958: 7951: 7943: 7939: 7935: 7931: 7927: 7923: 7916: 7908: 7906:9781939994646 7902: 7898: 7894: 7893: 7885: 7870: 7866: 7859: 7851: 7845: 7843: 7841: 7824: 7817: 7811: 7796: 7790: 7784: 7780: 7775: 7773: 7756: 7752: 7746: 7739: 7735: 7731: 7725: 7717: 7716: 7709: 7701: 7700: 7692: 7684: 7682:9780275962333 7678: 7674: 7673: 7665: 7657: 7650: 7642: 7640:9781442223516 7636: 7632: 7631: 7623: 7615: 7608: 7600: 7598:9780313328176 7594: 7590: 7589: 7581: 7573: 7571:9781438463292 7567: 7563: 7562: 7554: 7546: 7542: 7536: 7534: 7532: 7520:September 15, 7515: 7511: 7505: 7497: 7493: 7489: 7487:9781452216836 7483: 7479: 7475: 7471: 7464: 7462: 7457: 7447: 7446: 7445:Tortilla Soup 7442: 7440: 7438: 7437:The Long Game 7434: 7432: 7430: 7426: 7424: 7423: 7419: 7417: 7415: 7411: 7409: 7407: 7403: 7401: 7400: 7396: 7394: 7392: 7391:Fools Rush In 7388: 7386: 7384: 7380: 7378: 7377: 7376:A Better Life 7373: 7372: 7371: 7370: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7319: 7318: 7317: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7302: 7301: 7300: 7294: 7293:Afro-Mexicans 7291: 7289: 7288: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7246: 7243: 7242: 7241: 7240: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7155: 7151: 7140: 7137: 7136:Mexico portal 7126: 7123: 7112: 7104: 7094: 7091: 7087: 7083: 7079: 7075: 7071: 7067: 7060: 7056: 7038: 7035: 7032: 7029: 7026: 7023: 7020: 7017: 7014: 7011: 7008: 7005: 7002: 6999: 6996: 6993: 6990: 6987: 6984: 6981: 6980: 6978: 6960: 6957: 6956: 6947: 6936: 6935: 6926: 6915: 6914: 6905: 6904:West Virginia 6894: 6893: 6884: 6873: 6872: 6863: 6852: 6851: 6842: 6831: 6830: 6821: 6810: 6809: 6800: 6789: 6788: 6779: 6768: 6767: 6758: 6747: 6746: 6737: 6726: 6725: 6716: 6705: 6704: 6695: 6684: 6683: 6674: 6663: 6662: 6653: 6642: 6641: 6632: 6621: 6620: 6611: 6600: 6599: 6590: 6579: 6578: 6569: 6558: 6557: 6548: 6537: 6536: 6527: 6516: 6515: 6506: 6505:New Hampshire 6495: 6494: 6485: 6474: 6473: 6464: 6453: 6452: 6443: 6432: 6431: 6422: 6411: 6410: 6401: 6390: 6389: 6380: 6369: 6368: 6359: 6348: 6347: 6338: 6337:Massachusetts 6327: 6326: 6317: 6306: 6305: 6296: 6285: 6284: 6275: 6264: 6263: 6254: 6243: 6242: 6233: 6222: 6221: 6212: 6201: 6200: 6191: 6180: 6179: 6170: 6159: 6158: 6149: 6138: 6137: 6128: 6117: 6116: 6104: 6099: 6098: 6089: 6078: 6077: 6068: 6057: 6056: 6047: 6036: 6035: 6026: 6015: 6014: 6005: 5994: 5993: 5984: 5973: 5972: 5963: 5952: 5951: 5942: 5931: 5930: 5921: 5910: 5909: 5900: 5889: 5888: 5884: 5882:(2020 census) 5875: 5872: 5871: 5863: 5861: 5857: 5853: 5849: 5846:, Wisconsin; 5845: 5841: 5837: 5836:Oklahoma City 5833: 5826: 5822: 5817: 5805: 5801: 5797: 5796:Puerto Ricans 5793: 5789: 5784: 5780: 5776: 5772: 5769: 5766: 5761: 5758: 5754: 5751: 5748: 5745: 5742: 5738: 5735: 5732: 5728: 5727:Oklahoma City 5724: 5721: 5718: 5714: 5711: 5706: 5703: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5696: 5685: 5682: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5675: 5666: 5663: 5659: 5655: 5651: 5648: 5645: 5642: 5639: 5635: 5631: 5628: 5625: 5621: 5618: 5615: 5611: 5608: 5605: 5602: 5599: 5595: 5591: 5588: 5587: 5578: 5574: 5571: 5570: 5559: 5555: 5552: 5547: 5544: 5543: 5541: 5537: 5534: 5529: 5526: 5525: 5523: 5519: 5516: 5511: 5508: 5507: 5505: 5501: 5500:Dupage County 5498: 5493: 5490: 5487: 5486: 5484: 5480: 5477: 5474: 5470: 5466: 5462: 5458: 5455: 5454: 5452: 5451: 5440: 5436: 5432: 5428: 5424: 5420: 5416: 5412: 5409: 5408: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5375: 5370: 5366: 5363: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5354: 5351: 5350: 5341: 5337: 5333: 5329: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5314: 5310: 5307: 5304: 5301: 5298: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5278:Half Moon Bay 5276: 5274: 5271: 5270: 5268: 5264: 5261: 5258: 5257:Yuma, Arizona 5254: 5250: 5247: 5244: 5241: 5236: 5232: 5229: 5226: 5223: 5218: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5196:Victor Valley 5193: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5177: 5174: 5173: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5147: 5144: 5141: 5138: 5135: 5132: 5129: 5126: 5122: 5119: 5116: 5112: 5109: 5106: 5103: 5100: 5097: 5096: 5094: 5090: 5086: 5082: 5078: 5077: 5068: 5065: 5062: 5059: 5058: 5052: 5046: 5042: 5036: 5032: 5031:scarlet macaw 5027: 5019: 5014: 5004: 5001: 4997: 4996: 4991: 4987: 4980: 4979:Sylvia Mendez 4976: 4972: 4968: 4961: 4956: 4952: 4945: 4941: 4940:Lauro Cavazos 4937: 4933: 4926: 4924: 4919: 4915: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4890: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4875:Rubén Salazar 4871: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4851: 4846: 4842: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4796: 4792: 4784: 4783: 4778: 4774: 4773: 4768: 4759: 4755: 4753: 4749: 4748: 4743: 4742:miscegenation 4738: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4702: 4698: 4695: 4689: 4687: 4678: 4677: 4671: 4662: 4660: 4655: 4654:Chavez Ravine 4651: 4650: 4640: 4631: 4617: 4608: 4604: 4597: 4594: 4591: 4590: 4589: 4587: 4583: 4582:intermarriage 4575: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4557:Intermarriage 4554: 4552: 4547: 4543: 4540: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4509: 4505: 4500: 4496: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4476: 4472: 4462: 4458: 4456: 4452: 4447: 4445: 4440: 4432: 4427: 4423: 4420: 4419:Richard Nixon 4415: 4413: 4409: 4408: 4399: 4398: 4393: 4389: 4387: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4331: 4326: 4322: 4320: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4302: 4299: 4294: 4286: 4282: 4277: 4271: 4267: 4257: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4244: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4225: 4220: 4216: 4213: 4210: 4206: 4201: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4168: 4163: 4162: 4160: 4156: 4141: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4085: 4083: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4033: 4029: 4024: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4006: 3991: 3988: 3985: 3984: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3972: 3971: 3968: 3965: 3962: 3959: 3958: 3954: 3951: 3948: 3947: 3943: 3940: 3937: 3936: 3932: 3929: 3926: 3925: 3921: 3918: 3915: 3914: 3910: 3907: 3904: 3903: 3899: 3896: 3893: 3892: 3888: 3885: 3882: 3881: 3877: 3874: 3871: 3870: 3866: 3863: 3860: 3859: 3855: 3852: 3849: 3848: 3844: 3841: 3838: 3837: 3833: 3830: 3827: 3826: 3822: 3819: 3816: 3815: 3811: 3808: 3805: 3804: 3800: 3797: 3794: 3793: 3787: 3784: 3781: 3780: 3772: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3759: 3754: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3728:Dallas County 3725: 3721: 3720:Harris County 3717: 3712: 3706: 3702: 3701:Janet Murguía 3698: 3689: 3685: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3660: 3655: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3633: 3627: 3623: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3606: 3602: 3601: 3592: 3588: 3579: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3559: 3556: 3555: 3553: 3548: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3523: 3522: 3517: 3516: 3511: 3510: 3505: 3502: 3498: 3495: 3491: 3490:Census Bureau 3487: 3486: 3485: 3483: 3475: 3471: 3462: 3460: 3454: 3450: 3448: 3447: 3442: 3433: 3429: 3427: 3421: 3417: 3401: 3399: 3395: 3386: 3382: 3373: 3371: 3367: 3358: 3356: 3352: 3343: 3341: 3337: 3328: 3326: 3322: 3313: 3311: 3307: 3298: 3295: 3291: 3288: 3283: 3281: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3240: 3238: 3233: 3229: 3227: 3221: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3186: 3176: 3173: 3170:Most Mexican 3168: 3165: 3160: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3136: 3129: 3127: 3123: 3118: 3115: 3108:undocumented. 3105: 3101: 3098: 3094: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3051:voting rights 3048: 3044: 3040: 3035: 3033: 3029: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3012: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2989:in New Mexico 2988: 2983: 2974: 2971: 2967: 2962: 2960: 2956: 2951: 2947: 2942: 2939: 2930: 2926: 2921: 2917: 2914: 2913:Porfirio Díaz 2906: 2905: 2899: 2890: 2886: 2880: 2875: 2871: 2868: 2864: 2858: 2856: 2850: 2848: 2844: 2836: 2831: 2827: 2825: 2819: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2786: 2782: 2776: 2772: 2769: 2763: 2760: 2758: 2754: 2748: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2732: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2702: 2698: 2693: 2690: 2686: 2672: 2670: 2664: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2637: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2594: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2582:the Southwest 2578: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2567: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2553: 2548: 2547: 2542: 2541: 2536: 2525: 2520: 2518: 2513: 2511: 2506: 2505: 2503: 2502: 2497: 2487: 2486: 2485: 2484: 2476: 2473: 2471: 2468: 2466: 2463: 2462: 2455: 2454: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2424: 2421: 2420: 2419: 2418:Puerto Ricans 2416: 2414: 2413:Nuevomexicano 2411: 2409: 2406: 2404: 2401: 2399: 2396: 2394: 2391: 2390: 2386:Ethnic groups 2383: 2382: 2374: 2371: 2369: 2366: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2356: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2344: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2323: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2313: 2306: 2305: 2297: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2273: 2266: 2265: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2249: 2247: 2244: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2217: 2214: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2202: 2199: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2188: 2184:Organizations 2181: 2180: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2163: 2156: 2155: 2147: 2146:Puerto Ricans 2144: 2142: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2132: 2129: 2127: 2124: 2123: 2120: 2111: 2110: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2059: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1998: 1991: 1990: 1987: 1982: 1981: 1977: 1976: 1966: 1961: 1959: 1954: 1952: 1947: 1946: 1944: 1943: 1938: 1935: 1933: 1930: 1928: 1918: 1917: 1916: 1915: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1882:Chicano poets 1880: 1878: 1877:Chicano films 1875: 1874: 1872: 1871: 1863: 1862: 1850: 1847: 1845: 1842: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1824: 1823: 1820: 1819: 1817: 1816: 1812: 1811: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1794: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1783: 1780: 1776: 1773: 1769: 1766: 1762: 1759: 1755: 1754: 1752: 1751: 1747: 1746: 1738: 1737: 1725: 1724: 1720: 1719: 1717: 1716: 1713: 1710: 1709: 1703: 1702: 1698: 1696: 1695: 1691: 1689: 1688: 1684: 1682: 1681: 1677: 1675: 1674: 1670: 1668: 1667: 1663: 1661: 1660: 1656: 1654: 1653: 1652:Plyler v. Doe 1649: 1647: 1646: 1642: 1640: 1639: 1635: 1633: 1632: 1628: 1626: 1625: 1621: 1619: 1618: 1614: 1613: 1611: 1610: 1607: 1604: 1603: 1595: 1594: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1563: 1561: 1560: 1556: 1555: 1549: 1546: 1544: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1529: 1526: 1525: 1523: 1522: 1518: 1517: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1485:Culture Clash 1483: 1481: 1478: 1477: 1475: 1474: 1470: 1469: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1439: 1437: 1436: 1432: 1431: 1423: 1422: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1390: 1389:New tribalism 1387: 1385: 1382: 1380: 1377: 1375: 1372: 1370: 1367: 1365: 1364:Barrioization 1362: 1361: 1359: 1358: 1354: 1353: 1347: 1346: 1342: 1340: 1339: 1335: 1333: 1332: 1328: 1326: 1325: 1321: 1320: 1318: 1317: 1313: 1312: 1306: 1303: 1301: 1298: 1296: 1293: 1292: 1290: 1289: 1286:Organizations 1285: 1284: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1269: 1267: 1266: 1262: 1261: 1256: 1251: 1250: 1238: 1237: 1233: 1231: 1230: 1226: 1224: 1223: 1219: 1217: 1216: 1212: 1210: 1209: 1205: 1204: 1202: 1201: 1197: 1196: 1190: 1189: 1185: 1183: 1182: 1178: 1176: 1175: 1171: 1169: 1168: 1164: 1162: 1161: 1157: 1155: 1154: 1150: 1148: 1147: 1143: 1141: 1140: 1136: 1134: 1133: 1129: 1127: 1126: 1122: 1120: 1119: 1115: 1113: 1112: 1108: 1107: 1105: 1104: 1100: 1099: 1093: 1092: 1088: 1086: 1085: 1081: 1079: 1078: 1074: 1073: 1071: 1070: 1066: 1065: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1045: 1043: 1042: 1038: 1037: 1029: 1028: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1006: 1003: 1001: 998: 996: 993: 991: 988: 986: 983: 982: 980: 979: 975: 974: 968: 965: 963: 960: 958: 955: 953: 950: 949: 947: 946: 942: 941: 935: 932: 930: 927: 925: 922: 921: 919: 918: 914: 913: 907: 904: 902: 901:Chicano names 899: 897: 894: 892: 889: 887: 884: 883: 881: 880: 876: 875: 867: 866: 854: 851: 849: 848: 844: 842: 839: 837: 834: 832: 829: 827: 826: 822: 820: 817: 815: 814: 810: 808: 805: 803: 800: 798: 797: 793: 791: 788: 786: 783: 781: 778: 776: 773: 772: 770: 769: 765: 764: 758: 755: 753: 750: 748: 745: 743: 740: 738: 735: 733: 730: 728: 725: 723: 720: 718: 715: 713: 710: 708: 705: 703: 700: 698: 695: 693: 690: 688: 685: 683: 680: 678: 675: 673: 670: 668: 665: 663: 660: 658: 655: 653: 650: 648: 645: 643: 640: 638: 635: 633: 630: 628: 625: 623: 620: 619: 617: 616: 613: 610: 609: 603: 600: 598: 595: 593: 590: 588: 585: 583: 580: 578: 575: 573: 570: 568: 565: 563: 560: 558: 555: 553: 550: 548: 545: 543: 540: 538: 535: 534: 532: 531: 527: 526: 520: 517: 515: 512: 510: 507: 505: 502: 500: 497: 495: 492: 490: 487: 486: 484: 483: 479: 478: 473: 468: 467: 456: 453: 452: 451: 450: 446: 445: 440: 437: 435: 432: 430: 427: 425: 422: 420: 417: 415: 412: 411: 410: 409: 405: 404: 396: 395: 391: 387: 386: 383: 379: 376: 375: 371: 370: 363: 359: 355: 351: 347: 346:Afro-Mexicans 343: 339: 335: 331: 327: 322: 317: 314: 310: 306: 302: 301:Protestantism 298: 294: 290: 286: 281: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 246: 243: 238: 231: 228: 226: 223: 221: 220:Upper Midwest 218: 215: 212: 209: 206: 205: 198: 195: 192: 188: 186: 185:Milwaukee, WI 183: 181: 178: 175: 171: 167: 164: 162: 159: 156: 153: 150: 147: 144: 141: 139: 136: 134: 131: 129: 126: 124: 120: 117: 114: 112: 109: 107: 106:Inland Empire 104: 102: 99: 97: 94: 91: 90: 87: 82: 74: 69: 65: 60: 53: 48: 43: 37: 19: 16576: 15295:Central Asia 14894:Zoroastrians 14742:Social class 14555:Bibliography 14476:Philadelphia 14453:New Mexico ( 14406:California ( 14360: 14353: 14346: 14339: 14332: 14325: 14318: 14311: 14304: 14297: 14290: 14283: 14250:Rasquachismo 14204:Tortilla art 14194:Tejano music 14119:Chicano rock 14114:Chicano Park 14055: 14028: 14016: 14004: 13749: 13676: 13317:Puerto Rican 13273: 13236:Demographics 13113: 12945: 12914: 12910: 12899: 12889: 12880: 12870: 12863: 12839: 12832: 12789:. Retrieved 12785:the original 12780: 12770: 12735: 12731: 12686:(1): 61–79. 12683: 12679: 12673: 12661:. Retrieved 12652: 12640:. Retrieved 12636: 12627: 12615:. Retrieved 12611: 12602: 12590:. Retrieved 12586: 12577: 12565:. Retrieved 12561: 12552: 12540:. Retrieved 12536: 12527: 12513: 12499: 12485: 12471: 12457: 12443: 12434: 12424: 12412:. Retrieved 12408: 12399: 12387:. Retrieved 12384:www.kshs.org 12383: 12374: 12360: 12348:. Retrieved 12336: 12322:cite journal 12305: 12301: 12291: 12279:. Retrieved 12276:zipatlas.com 12275: 12266: 12252: 12232: 12225: 12213:. Retrieved 12210:zipatlas.com 12209: 12200: 12188:. Retrieved 12178: 12160: 12142: 12130:. Retrieved 12126: 12117: 12099: 12081: 12063: 12045: 12027: 12009: 11991: 11973: 11955: 11937: 11919: 11907:. Retrieved 11893: 11881:. Retrieved 11867: 11855:. Retrieved 11851: 11839: 11827:. 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NYU Press. 9650: 9644: 9635: 9617: 9588: 9581: 9570:. Retrieved 9566:the original 9561: 9536:. Retrieved 9526: 9520: 9513: 9501:. Retrieved 9497:the original 9492: 9483: 9472:. Retrieved 9460: 9448:. Retrieved 9438: 9426:. Retrieved 9422:the original 9417: 9386:. Retrieved 9374: 9360: 9325: 9321: 9310: 9302: 9280: 9276: 9266: 9254:. Retrieved 9250:the original 9187: 9183: 9172: 9162:December 11, 9160:. Retrieved 9155: 9145: 9135:November 16, 9133:. Retrieved 9071: 9067: 9045: 9041: 9036: 9019: 9016:Convergencia 9015: 9009: 9000: 8997:the original 8986: 8977: 8972: 8961:. Retrieved 8957: 8947: 8935:. Retrieved 8928:the original 8923: 8911: 8899: 8891:Culture Trip 8890: 8880: 8870: 8864: 8829: 8825: 8815: 8804:. Retrieved 8791: 8780:. Retrieved 8770: 8758:. Retrieved 8748: 8737:. Retrieved 8735:. Census.gov 8727: 8711: 8707: 8702: 8690:. Retrieved 8686:the original 8676: 8664:. Retrieved 8660:the original 8650: 8639:. 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Retrieved 7504: 7469: 7443: 7436: 7428: 7420: 7413: 7405: 7397: 7390: 7383:Cesar Chavez 7382: 7374: 7368: 7367: 7315: 7314: 7298: 7297: 7285: 7238: 7237: 7064: 6976: 6958: 6757:South Dakota 6715:Rhode Island 6694:Pennsylvania 6610:North Dakota 5838:, Oklahoma; 5829: 5693:Other states 5431:Fort Garland 5288:Redwood City 5192:Apple Valley 5050: 5045:City Terrace 4993: 4992: 4988: 4984: 4969: 4965: 4949: 4930: 4922: 4872: 4864:Brown Berets 4856: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4807: 4793: 4789: 4780: 4770: 4756: 4751: 4745: 4739: 4735: 4705: 4690: 4682: 4674: 4647: 4645: 4628: 4614: 4605: 4601: 4579: 4566:Jessica Alba 4548: 4544: 4535: 4526:Italian food 4522:Mexican food 4512: 4493: 4459: 4451:Donald Trump 4448: 4438: 4436: 4416: 4405: 4403: 4396: 4358: 4344:founded the 4334: 4303: 4295: 4291: 4270:Latinophobia 4248: 4240: 4214: 4197: 4188:Cesar Chavez 4164: 4130:Chicano rock 4126:Tejano music 4091: 4039: 4030: 4027: 3976: 3966: 3769: 3766: 3755: 3751: 3748: 3713: 3710: 3692:Demographics 3686: 3682: 3658: 3656: 3652: 3637: 3631: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3604: 3598: 3596: 3576: 3570: 3551: 3543: 3539: 3525: 3519: 3513: 3507: 3500: 3496: 3493: 3479: 3455: 3451: 3444: 3438: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3397: 3286: 3279: 3241: 3236: 3234: 3230: 3222: 3203: 3169: 3161: 3151:in 2008 and 3145:Barack Obama 3135:Sí, se puede 3132: 3130: 3119: 3111: 3099: 3095: 3079:civil rights 3071:Sí, se puede 3063:César Chávez 3055:civil rights 3036: 3025: 2992: 2970:World War II 2963: 2943: 2934: 2910: 2902: 2887: 2883: 2859: 2851: 2840: 2820: 2816:Gavilan Peak 2797: 2793: 2789: 2778: 2773: 2765: 2761: 2749: 2733: 2705: 2694: 2682: 2666: 2656:Chicano Park 2630:Americanized 2622:Hispanophone 2595: 2579: 2564: 2551: 2550: 2545: 2544: 2539: 2534: 2533: 2346:Puerto Rican 2118: 2055: 1984:Hispanic and 1902:Bibliography 1763:California ( 1721: 1699: 1692: 1685: 1678: 1671: 1664: 1657: 1650: 1643: 1636: 1629: 1622: 1615: 1571:Chicano Park 1543:Precita Eyes 1462:Tortilla art 1394:Rasquachismo 1343: 1336: 1329: 1322: 1234: 1227: 1220: 1215:I Am Joaquin 1213: 1206: 1186: 1179: 1172: 1165: 1160:The Rain God 1158: 1151: 1144: 1137: 1130: 1125:Desert Blood 1123: 1116: 1109: 1089: 1082: 1075: 1010:Pancho Claus 985:Cal-Style VW 967:Tejano music 962:Chicano soul 957:Chicano rock 845: 831:Farah strike 823: 811: 794: 632:Brown Berets 381: 330:Neomexicanos 296: 288: 225:Great Plains 161:Chicago area 72: 67: 30:Ethnic group 16833:2010 census 16752:Multiethnic 16041:Californios 15907:before 1880 14810:Protestants 14772:By religion 14685:Immigration 14641:By economic 14408:Californios 14393:Los Angeles 14124:Chicano rap 14089:Chicano art 14051:Party crews 14012:Castro 2020 14000:Abolish ICE 13651:In politics 13340:Costa Rican 13135:Philippines 13010:2009-11-01) 11725:Daily Press 11611:Mapping L.A 11450:Adolescence 10072:(1): 5–26. 9750:Segregation 9519:"Hernandez 9450:December 7, 9428:December 7, 9042:indigenismo 8958:CNN Digital 7761:February 4, 7431:(2015 film) 7429:Spare Parts 7393:(1997 film) 7245:Melting pot 7021:– 1,215,420 7015:– 1,310,764 7009:– 1,639,211 7003:– 1,758,882 6997:– 1,898,723 6991:– 2,046,226 6985:– 4,558,307 6400:Mississippi 6025:Connecticut 5885:Percentage 5860:Minneapolis 5840:Kansas City 5779:New England 5757:Mexicantown 5747:New Orleans 5725:Oklahoma – 5662:Brownsville 5650:South Texas 5573:Lake County 5554:Will County 5536:Lake County 5518:Kane County 5479:Cook County 5435:Monte Vista 5365:Garden City 5340:Bakersfield 5235:South Texas 5188:Victorville 5157:West Covina 4860:Vietnam War 4718:Silver Lake 4380:during the 4222:A rally on 4200:deportation 4134:Chicano rap 4110:Son Jarocho 4070:New Mexican 4019:Quinceañera 3724:Cook County 3521:Amerindians 3237:"mestizaje" 3143:of Senator 2999:World War I 2944:During the 2936:period the 2781:Californios 2768:Juan Seguín 2753:Mexico City 2695:New Mexico 2678: 1844 2610:Californios 2475:Puerto Rico 2341:New Mexican 1827:Californios 1813:Multiethnic 1765:Los Angeles 1566:Balmy Alley 1447:Chicano art 1442:Chicana art 1379:Nahui Ollin 952:Chicano rap 802:Castro 2020 790:Abolish ICE 326:Californios 293:Catholicism 199:, KS and MO 133:San Antonio 16872:Categories 16760:Afro-Asian 16382:Potawatomi 16213:Chemehuevi 15417:South Asia 14879:Rastafaris 14837:Ahmadiyyas 14790:Christians 14665:Emigration 14643:and social 14460:New York ( 14446:Nebraska ( 14439:Michigan ( 14432:Maryland ( 14420:Illinois ( 14413:Colorado ( 14389:California 13899:Chicanismo 13836:La Matanza 13831:Korean War 13593:New Mexico 13588:New Jersey 13546:California 13515:Christians 13430:Venezuelan 13415:Paraguayan 13410:Ecuadorian 13365:Salvadoran 13360:Panamanian 13355:Nicaraguan 13345:Guatemalan 13269:Floridanos 13252:Californio 13099:Costa Rica 12791:2018-12-09 12738:(1): A04. 12663:4 December 12642:4 December 12617:4 December 12567:4 December 12542:4 December 12537:Census.gov 12414:4 December 12389:4 December 12350:4 December 12342:"Mexicans" 12281:4 December 12215:4 December 12190:4 December 12132:4 December 11852:Scseed.org 11772:census.gov 11706:census.gov 11616:4 December 11556:2014-01-06 11502:2018-03-18 11470:A207643292 11335:1802/23012 11262:4 December 11237:4 December 11119:2019-10-05 11083:2019-10-05 11008:Portularia 10855:2023-12-06 10677:4 December 10632:4 December 10598:4 December 10543:2008-03-01 10512:2014-01-06 10410:2019-10-05 10213:2014-01-06 10120:2014-01-06 10099:2014-01-06 9961:4 December 9936:4 December 9914:4 December 9880:4 December 9846:4 December 9771:4 December 9682:2014-01-06 9572:2014-04-10 9538:2019-10-05 9474:2014-01-06 9388:4 December 9190:: e56029. 9156:usnews.com 8963:2021-01-23 8826:Demography 8806:2014-10-16 8782:2014-01-06 8760:4 December 8739:2014-01-06 8641:2020-11-09 8480:. VNR AG. 8388:2014-01-06 8359:4 December 8334:2014-01-06 8280:2014-01-06 8242:2014-01-06 8209:2014-01-06 8188:2014-01-06 8167:2014-01-06 8126:2014-01-06 7801:2014-03-24 7452:References 7322:Chicanismo 7299:Political: 7266:Olive skin 6963:35,850,702 6883:Washington 6547:New Mexico 6526:New Jersey 5987:12,202,347 5983:California 5880:Population 5850:, Oregon; 5804:Fair Haven 5771:Bridgeport 5636:, home to 5634:West Texas 5630:San Angelo 5401:Walsenburg 5393:Las Animas 5389:Rocky Ford 5328:Sacramento 5320:Sacramento 5074:California 4907:Sal Castro 4839:See also: 4730:Wilmington 4469:See also: 4455:Trump wall 4370:zoot suits 4274:See also: 4153:See also: 4138:Cumbia rap 4046:enchiladas 3989:10,931,900 3977:11,711,100 3785:Population 3206:Indigenous 3153:reelection 3057:activists 3011:Pittsburgh 2985:A Walk in 2929:Sonoratown 2757:Santa Anna 2729:New Mexico 2586:indigenous 2537:(Spanish: 2403:Floridanos 2393:Californio 2368:Portuglish 2363:Portuguese 2276:Literature 1784:Nebraska ( 1777:Michigan ( 1770:Illinois ( 1741:Population 1433:Visual Art 1426:Visual art 1039:Literature 1032:Literature 747:Quinto Sol 647:Chicanismo 572:La Matanza 514:Sonoratown 504:Mutualista 338:Floridanos 324:Hispanos ( 313:Irreligion 151:New Mexico 73:37,414,772 68:10,697,374 16790:Melungeon 16765:Amerasian 16491:Tsimshian 16298:Chochenyo 16243:Kitanemuk 16193:Menominee 16176:Tuscarora 16111:Chickasaw 16096:Blackfeet 15607:West Asia 15349:East Asia 14869:Neopagans 14795:Catholics 14785:Buddhists 14650:Affluence 14434:Baltimore 14401:San Diego 14260:Vergüenza 14209:Zoot suit 14184:Skull art 13551:San Diego 13534:By region 13425:Uruguayan 13405:Colombian 13395:Brazilian 13385:Argentine 13322:Nuyorican 13312:Dominican 13300:Caribbean 12744:1545-1151 12700:0745-5194 12463:"Nahuatl" 11857:7 October 11829:7 October 11577:7 October 11379:146963763 11299:144594549 11231:PBS SoCal 11028:1989-5399 10892:0197-9183 10722:155153400 10714:1369-183X 10572:7 October 10490:7 October 10481:"Victims" 10342:Zoot Suit 10255:240357463 10139:USA Today 9503:7 October 9206:2050-084X 8937:7 October 7981:267016181 7942:225409343 7865:"Chicano" 7496:153137775 7414:Lowriders 7362:Zoot suit 7316:Cultural: 7158:Americans 7039:– 657,078 7033:– 658,348 7027:– 988,825 6925:Wisconsin 6803:9,031,289 6778:Tennessee 6379:Minnesota 6274:Louisiana 6173:1,768,747 5945:1,842,769 5844:Milwaukee 5834:, Idaho; 5819:Original 5775:New Haven 5699:Las Vegas 5672:Wisconsin 5427:Del Norte 5318:both the 5299:district. 5297:Fruitvale 5243:San Diego 5225:Santa Ana 5176:Riverside 4893:Education 4726:San Pedro 4714:Echo Park 4437:In 2006, 4366:Angelenos 4231:H.R. 4437 4165:See also 4066:tortillas 4050:guacamole 3963:9,177,500 3952:4,298,000 3941:2,199,200 3552:Hispanics 3258:(2%) and 3037:The 1965 3007:Cleveland 3003:St. Louis 2995:Southwest 2927:homes in 2713:Zacatecas 2685:Hispanics 2654:Mural in 2557:Americans 2423:Nuyorican 2358:Spanglish 2309:Languages 1822:Blaxicans 1756:Arizona ( 1557:Locations 1404:Vergüenza 1236:The Moths 1208:Emplumada 1118:Caballero 1015:Zoot suit 350:Blaxicans 259:Spanglish 240:Languages 230:Northeast 216:Arkansas) 208:Southeast 174:Salem, OR 101:San Diego 16770:Blaxican 16582:Chicanos 16476:Gwich'in 16424:Shoshone 16414:Seminole 16342:Muscogee 16315:Tataviam 16278:Suisunes 16228:Diegueño 16208:Cahuilla 16166:Onondaga 16146:Iroquois 16126:Comanche 16121:Colville 16106:Cheyenne 16101:Cherokee 14695:Language 14468:Oklahoma 14378:Arizona 14240:Nepantla 14139:Lowrider 13795:Blaxican 13694:Category 13606:Portland 13598:New York 13573:Maryland 13563:Colorado 13471:Galician 13461:Canarian 13451:Asturian 13439:European 13420:Peruvian 13390:Bolivian 13350:Honduran 13077:Americas 13008:Archived 12980:Archived 12931:27649149 12800:cite web 12762:15670457 12708:24942832 11479:21922379 11462:19764269 11344:17247506 11170:Archived 10914:June 15, 10653:NBC News 10286:Archived 9562:cuny.edu 9352:17503322 9299:22832385 9256:July 18, 9224:33372659 9158:. usnews 9108:19433783 8856:25407844 8258:Archived 7406:La Bamba 7163:Mexicans 7108:See also 7066:Diabetes 7050:Diabetes 6959:Total US 6862:Virginia 6652:Oklahoma 6568:New York 6463:Nebraska 6421:Missouri 6358:Michigan 6316:Maryland 6253:Kentucky 6169:Illinois 6046:Delaware 6004:Colorado 5962:Arkansas 5878:American 5854:, Utah; 5848:Portland 5788:Tlaxcala 5546:Waukegan 5448:Illinois 5415:Antonito 5405:Trinidad 5385:La Junta 5347:Colorado 5303:San José 5251:region ( 5208:Redlands 5184:Hesperia 5180:Adelanto 5170:Romoland 5153:El Monte 5117:in 1943. 4914:educator 4879:tear gas 4378:Chicanos 4285:Lowrider 4175:and the 4118:mariachi 4106:Conjunto 4102:ranchera 4042:burritos 3705:UnidosUS 3632:de facto 3515:Mulattos 3509:Mestizos 3242:Per the 3210:European 3194:Mariachi 3185:Mexicans 3149:election 2931:, 1920s. 2904:braceros 2812:Monterey 2775:decades. 2755:and the 2747:Texas. 2697:Hispanos 2590:European 2291:Religion 2131:Hispanic 1932:Category 1495:Los Four 1384:Nepantla 995:Lowrider 877:Language 447:Concepts 406:Identity 378:Chicanos 342:Chicanos 297:Minority 289:Majority 283:Religion 210:(Georgia 180:NYC area 96:Bay Area 16795:Mulatto 16601:Oceania 16496:Tlingit 16486:Iñupiat 16471:Alutiiq 16419:Shawnee 16404:Quechan 16288:Awaswas 16273:Serrano 16268:Salinan 16248:Luiseño 16238:Juaneño 16233:Esselen 16218:Chumash 16116:Choctaw 16086:Abenaki 14832:Muslims 14805:Mormons 14800:Coptics 14780:Baha'is 14715:Poverty 14545:Writers 14501:Tejanos 14499:Texas ( 14493:Houston 14441:Detroit 14422:Chicago 14072:Culture 13785:Pachuco 13775:La Raza 13765:Chicano 13746:Chicano 13704:Commons 13618:Houston 13602:Oregon 13568:Florida 13541:Arizona 13525:Muslims 13466:Catalan 13446:Spanish 13400:Chilean 13279:Chicano 13274:Mexican 13156:Germany 12948:(1971) 12753:1323307 12592:July 6, 11755:. 2012. 10776:8854023 10485:Fbi.gov 10465:May 12, 10145:May 12, 9982:1 March 9343:1867092 9215:7771964 9099:2680428 9076:Bibcode 9002:español 8847:4252712 8636:HISTORY 8020:June 1, 7874:26 June 7352:Tex-Mex 7271:Mestizo 7239:Ethnic: 7086:obesity 7070:insulin 6946:Wyoming 6929:299,955 6887:783,668 6866:197,511 6841:Vermont 6824:326,430 6782:256,113 6740:164,506 6698:159,722 6677:446,629 6656:353,908 6635:219,916 6593:563,929 6572:496,747 6551:671,552 6530:252,172 6488:629,558 6467:159,907 6442:Montana 6425:187,563 6383:214,435 6362:381,337 6320:112,886 6278:103,872 6257:105,469 6236:290,747 6215:148,097 6194:374,854 6190:Indiana 6152:189,489 6110:570,149 6107:Georgia 6092:707,301 6088:Florida 6008:874,342 5966:171,732 5941:Arizona 5903:148,193 5899:Alabama 5876:Mexican 5856:Seattle 5821:Ninfa's 5792:Nahuatl 5765:Passaic 5737:Atlanta 5644:El Paso 5638:Tejanos 5596:in the 5567:Indiana 5465:Kenosha 5359:Greeley 5338:around 5293:Oakland 5267:Oakland 5194:in the 5061:Phoenix 5055:Arizona 5047:streets 4923:Walkout 4782:en banc 4706:Mexican 4530:Tex-Mex 4471:Tex-Mex 4431:Huetamo 4288:effect. 4224:May Day 4205:protest 4098:Norteño 4074:Tex-Mex 4062:tamales 3999:Culture 3930:759,700 3919:575,900 3908:451,400 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14382:Tucson 14063:Xicanx 13980:Aztlán 13884:Aztlán 13800:Xicanx 13752:topics 13583:Nevada 13456:Basque 13291:Tejano 13262:Isleño 13229:Latino 13151:France 13144:Europe 13109:Panama 13089:Canada 13084:Belize 12950:online 12929: 12904:online 12894:online 12875:online 12866:(2014) 12856: 12844:online 12760: 12750: 12742: 12706: 12698: 12240: 11476: 11468: 11460: 11377: 11342: 11297: 11143: 11026: 10946: 10890: 10846: 10774: 10720: 10712: 10623: 10380: 10348: 10253: 10174:(1999) 10161:et al. 9905: 9871: 9837: 9810: 9730: 9596: 9523:Texas" 9446:. 2002 9350: 9340: 9297: 9222: 9212: 9204: 9106: 9096: 9022:(38). 8854: 8844: 8692:31 May 8666:31 May 8572: 8543: 8484: 8233: 7979: 7940: 7903: 7829:22 May 7679: 7637: 7595: 7568: 7494: 7484: 7439:(film) 7416:(film) 7408:(film) 7385:(film) 7082:Type 2 7078:type 2 7074:type 1 7045:Health 6966:10.8% 6950:41,891 6943: 6922: 6908:12,539 6901: 6890:10.1% 6880: 6859: 6838: 6827:10.0% 6817: 6806:30.9% 6796: 6775: 6761:20,450 6754: 6733: 6719:11,317 6712: 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See 4909:was a 4570:Danish 4386:racism 4364:white 4116:, and 4114:Cumbia 4064:, and 4054:nachos 3842:77,900 3831:68,400 3820:42,400 3809:27,500 3798:13,300 3742:, and 3734:, the 3527:Asians 3499:, and 3494:White, 3147:. 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6659:8.9% 6638:1.8% 6617:2.7% 6596:5.3% 6575:2.4% 6533:2.7% 6512:0.7% 6470:8.1% 6449:2.6% 6428:3.0% 6407:1.9% 6386:3.7% 6365:3.7% 6344:0.7% 6323:1.8% 6302:0.5% 6299:7,167 6295:Maine 6281:2.0% 6260:2.3% 6239:9.8% 6218:4.6% 6197:5.5% 6148:Idaho 6134:2.9% 6113:5.3% 6095:3.2% 6074:1.9% 6053:3.7% 6032:1.6% 5969:5.6% 5927:3.4% 5906:2.9% 5832:Boise 5731:Tulsa 5584:Texas 5510:Elgin 5439:Romeo 5397:Lamar 5369:Evans 5213:Indio 4584:with 4574:Welsh 4088:Music 4058:tacos 3992:24.3 3981:29.3 3955:21.7 3944:15.6 3573:race. 3571:White 3540:White 3501:Black 3492:were 3398:Total 3392:39.5% 3325:Asian 3310:Black 3304:52.8% 3296:alone 3294:White 3260:Asian 3256:black 3248:white 2925:adobe 2717:Texas 2549:, or 2458:Lists 2326:Cuban 2281:Music 2256:USHCC 2226:NALFO 2221:NALEO 2216:MEChA 2206:LULAC 2126:Cuban 1937:Index 1866:Lists 1792:Texas 1786:Omaha 1314:Texts 1300:NACCS 943:Music 906:Órale 722:MEChA 399:Terms 16780:Hapa 16397:Zuni 16377:Pima 16263:Pomo 16136:Crow 16131:Cree 15276:Asia 14827:Jews 14700:LGBT 14174:Paño 14084:Caló 14030:IRCA 14018:DACA 13924:PCUN 13748:and 13625:Utah 13520:Jews 13123:Asia 13104:Cuba 12854:ISBN 12806:link 12758:PMID 12740:ISSN 12704:PMID 12696:ISSN 12665:2023 12644:2023 12619:2023 12594:2020 12569:2023 12544:2023 12416:2023 12391:2023 12352:2023 12328:link 12283:2023 12238:ISBN 12217:2023 12192:2023 12134:2023 11911:2022 11885:2022 11859:2017 11831:2017 11618:2023 11579:2017 11532:2011 11466:Gale 11458:PMID 11264:2023 11239:2023 11213:help 11141:ISBN 11042:link 11024:ISSN 10944:ISBN 10916:2015 10888:ISSN 10844:ISBN 10710:ISSN 10679:2023 10634:2023 10621:ISBN 10600:2023 10593:Time 10574:2017 10492:2017 10467:2010 10455:Time 10436:2023 10378:ISBN 10346:ISBN 10147:2010 9984:2024 9963:2023 9938:2023 9916:2023 9903:ISBN 9882:2023 9869:ISBN 9848:2023 9835:ISBN 9808:ISBN 9773:2023 9728:ISBN 9594:ISBN 9528:Oyez 9505:2017 9452:2006 9430:2006 9390:2023 9348:PMID 9295:PMID 9258:2012 9220:PMID 9202:ISSN 9164:2023 9137:2012 9104:PMID 8939:2017 8906:2015 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