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executive and legislative branches they are understood as those that are the rights of the entities; as the ownership of the command of the public force (state police and national guard attached), direction and regulation of their own economic policies, of social development and public safety; as well as the administration of those resources that arise from their local taxes or own income. Griselda Álvarez was the first female governor in Mexico. Álvarez was
Governor of the state of
450:
559:
1097:
1046:
289:
500:
342:
Office of the
Presidency. The President is protected by the Presidential General Staff, which is the military technical body that assists the president in obtaining general information, planning the personal activities of the position, performing safety precautions, and participating in the execution of the activities coming for these purposes.
1144:
or boroughs. Though not fully equivalent to a municipality in that they do not have regulatory powers, they have gained limited autonomy in recent years, and the representatives to the head of government are now elected by the citizens as well. In 2016, the name was changed to Mexico City and the 16
1106:
The states are divided internally into municipalities—or mayors, in the case of Mexico City. Each municipality enjoys autonomy in its capacity to choose its own town hall which is responsible, in most cases; to provide all the public services required by its population. To this concept, which would
507:
The judiciary consists of The
Supreme Court of Justice, composed of eleven judges or ministers appointed by the President with Congress approval, who interpret laws and judge cases of federal competency. Other institutions of the judiciary are the Electoral Tribunal, collegiate, unitary and district
316:
assumes the position on
October 1 of the election year. (Prior to the Electoral Reform of 2014, the office was assumed on December 1 of the election year.) Their position lasts for a period of six years, with no possibility of reelection, not even in the case of having served as interim, provisional
341:
The
President is the head of the Federal Public Administration and is assisted by a cabinet composed of several Secretariats of State, federal agencies, decentralized agencies, and parastatals, which are in charge of various public interest portfolios, in addition to various advisers on call to the
1126:
does not belong to any state in particular, but to the federation, being the capital of the country and seat of the powers of the Union. As such, it is constituted as a special jurisdiction, ultimately administered by the Powers of the Union. Nonetheless, since the late 1990s certain autonomy and
1110:
In addition to municipalities, Mexico's states are also organized into three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial. The legislative branch consists of a unicameral state congress (congreso del estado), responsible for passing laws and overseeing state affairs. The judicial
526:
The entities of the
Mexican Federation are free and sovereigns, autonomous in its internal regime. They have the power to govern themselves according to their own laws; they have their own constitution that does not have to contradict the principles of the federal constitution. The powers of its
484:
elected jointly; 32 senators are assigned through the principle of "first minority", that is, they are awarded to the first runner-up party for each constituent state and Mexico City; and 32 are elected by proportional representation with closed-party lists, for which the country forms a single
337:
provides for said position in its third title third chapter and is addressed by fifteen articles. They specify the obligations, powers requirements, and restrictions to the position; specifications ranging from the command of the armed forces; ownership of foreign, economic policies, social
321:
immediately and provisionally assumes the position (if the absence is the day of the inauguration, it would be the president of the senate, the provisional president). Later, with the reservations contemplated by the constitution, it is up to
Congress to appoint a substitute or interim.
1114:
Each state in Mexico has its own constitution, which outlines its specific powers, governance structure, and relationship with the federal government. This decentralized system allows for significant variation in local governance practices and policies across Mexico's diverse states.
338:
development, and public safety; the promulgation and enforcement of laws issued by the legislative branch; propose appointments to positions that require of the Senate or the
Supreme Court; and various prerogatives granted in other articles of the same magna letter and federal laws.
479:
The Senate consists of 128 representatives of the constituent states of the federation. All senators are elected in free universal elections every six years through a parallel voting system as well: 64 senators are elected by first-past-the-post plurality, two per state and two for
427:, approve or reject treaties and conventions made with foreign countries, and ratify diplomatic appointments. The Senate addresses all matters that concern foreign policy, approves international agreements, and confirms presidential appointments.
274:, as the capital of Mexico, seats all the powers of the Union. All branches of government are independent; no two separate branches must be vested upon a single person or institution, and the legislative power must not be vested upon a single
223:, the central government established by its constitution to share sovereignty over the republic with the governments of the 31 individual Mexican states, and to represent such governments before international bodies such as the
1274:
The composition, responsibilities and requirements of the judicial power are outlined in articles 94 to 107of the
Political Constitution of the United Mexican States Archived November 13, 2006, at the Wayback
1270:
The composition, responsibilities and requirements of the legislative power are outlined in articles 50 to 79 of the
Political Constipoo of the United Mexican States Archived November 13, 2006, at the Wayback
446:(called plurinominal deputies) with closed-party lists for which the country is divided into five constituencies or plurinominal circumscriptions. Deputies cannot be reelected for the next immediate term.
317:
or substitute. The office of President of the Republic is only waived for serious cause, which must be qualified by the Congress of the Union. In case of death, dismissal, or resignation, the
465:, proportionality is only confined to the plurinominal seats. However, to prevent a party to be overrepresented, several restrictions to the assignation of plurinominal seats are applied:
472:
A party's percentage of deputies in the Chamber (uninominal and plurinominal together) cannot be more than 8% greater than the percentage of votes the party obtained in the elections;
1278:
The form of government of the Mexico City is outlined in the 112th article of the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States Archived 2011-07-22 at the Wayback Machine.
353:. The National Palace is also the formal seat of the Executive Power and had been the official seat of power in Mexico since early colonial times until it was moved in 1937 to
1153:
In April 2023, The New York Times reported that the Mexican government had continued to use the Pegasus spyware, despite having promised to stop on multiple occasions.
270:
The federal government, known as the Supreme Power of the Federation, is constituted by the Powers of the Union: the legislative, the executive, and the judicial.
508:
tribunals, and the Council of the Federal Judiciary. The ministers of the Supreme Court will serve for 15 years and cannot be appointed to serve more than once.
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2038:
430:
The Chamber of Deputies is formed by 500 representatives of the nation. All deputies are elected in free universal elections every three years, in
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arise from the Mexican Revolution, it is known as free municipality. The town hall is headed by a municipal president elected every three years.
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757:
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2001:
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No party can have more than 300 seats (uninominal and plurinominal together), even if the party gets more than 52% of the votes.
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The composition, responsibilities and requirements of the legislative power are outlined in articles 50 to 79 of the
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The composition, responsibilities and requirements of the judicial power are outlined in articles 94 to 107of the
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The President of the United Mexican States is the head of the executive branch of the country. They are also the
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The Mexican federal government has three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial and functions per the
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838:
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2016:
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872:
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423:). The powers of Congress include the right to pass laws, impose taxes, declare war, approve the national
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branch includes a state court system that administers justice and interprets the law at the state level.
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The legislative power is vested upon the Congress of the Union, a bicameral congress comprising the
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1135:. The judicial power is exercised by the Supreme Tribunal of Justice and the Judiciary Council.
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1292:(Library of Congress. Federal Research Division, 1996) US government document; not copyright
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elected by first-past-the-post plurality. The legislative power is vested upon a unicameral
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262:, the Council of the Federal Judiciary, and the collegiate, unitary, and district courts.
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312:. The President is elected by direct, popular, and universal suffrage. Once elected, the
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442:(called uninominal deputies), and the remaining 200 are elected by the principle of
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delegations were transformed into municipalities, each one with its own mayor.
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is exercised by the executive branch, which is headed by the president and her
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A party must obtain at least 2% of votes to be assigned a plurinominal seat;
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1256:"How Mexico Became the Biggest User of the World's Most Notorious Spy Tool"
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powers have been gradually devolved. The executive power is vested upon a
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Since the beginning of his term, the official residence of the president
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112th article of the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States
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2011:
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258:. Judicial power is exercised by the judiciary, consisting of the
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Grito de Independencia ceremony. Mexico City. September 15, 2023.
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has been the National Palace, a building facing Mexico City's
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The form of government of the Mexico City is outlined in the
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203:(alternately known as the Government of the Republic or
242:, which, together, are independent of the legislature.
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95:
1321:
Mexican Council for Economic and Social Development
1254:Kitroeff, Natalie; Bergman, Ronen (18 April 2023).
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Political Constitution of the United Mexican States
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434:: 300 deputies are elected in single-seat
234:, as enacted in 1917, and as amended. The
719:LXIII Legislature of the Mexican Congress
522:List of current state governors in Mexico
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250:, a bicameral legislature comprising the
232:Constitution of the United Mexican States
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1306:Presidency of the United Mexican States
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503:Supreme court of Justice of the nation
495:Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation
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260:Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation
182:Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation
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461:Being a supplementary system (PM) of
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219:) is the national government of the
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535:Internal organization of the states
391:in the Mexican Chamber of Deputies.
308:, and the supreme commander of the
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24:
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518:Administrative divisions of Mexico
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1499:Institutional Revolutionary Party
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1101:Library of the Congress of Mexico
2357:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
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48:Seal of the Government of Mexico
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296:, seat of the executive branch.
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915:National Regeneration Movement
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1:
1419:Centralist Republic of Mexico
1288:Merrill, Tim and Ramón Miró.
1138:Mexico City was divided into
1006:Diplomatic missions of Mexico
127:San Lázaro Legislative Palace
2482:United States Virgin Islands
1848:Institutional stock exchange
1484:Second American intervention
873:Instituto Nacional Electoral
375:The backdrop of the Mexican
201:Federal Government of Mexico
59:; 200 years ago
30:Federal government of Mexico
7:
2243:Politics of North America
2049:Water supply and sanitation
1414:Spanish reconquest attempts
1163:State governments of Mexico
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988:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
895:Institutional Revolutionary
773:Federal electoral districts
670:Andrés Manuel López Obrador
444:proportional representation
347:Andrés Manuel López Obrador
319:Secretariat of the Interior
10:
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1449:Second French intervention
1397:Control of Central America
1221:November 13, 2006, at the
1202:November 13, 2006, at the
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36:Gobierno federal de México
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944:Administrative divisions
758:President of the Chamber
541:Municipalities of Mexico
207:Gobierno de la República
2104:Handcrafts and folk art
1873:National stock exchange
1611:Protected natural areas
1439:Second Mexican Republic
1404:Supreme Executive Power
1290:Mexico: a country study
762:Marcela Guerra Castillo
736:President of the Senate
438:by first-past-the-post
2407:British Virgin Islands
1916:States by unemployment
1906:Science and technology
1409:First Mexican Republic
1168:Constitution of Mexico
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823:Recent major elections
728:Senate of the Republic
680:List of heads of state
581:Constitution of Mexico
512:State and local powers
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381:Constitution of Mexico
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1638:Territorial evolution
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905:Democratic Revolution
711:Congress of the Union
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248:Congress of the Union
221:United Mexican States
111:Congress of the Union
86:United Mexican States
2503:Government of Mexico
2161:World Heritage Sites
1576:Environmental issues
1434:Mexican–American War
1392:First Mexican Empire
1184:References and notes
1133:Legislative Assembly
335:Constitution of 1917
2362:Trinidad and Tobago
2257:Antigua and Barbuda
1816:Automotive industry
1704:Chamber of Deputies
1387:War of Independence
750:Chamber of Deputies
662:President of Mexico
531:from 1979 to 1985.
421:Cámara de Diputados
413:Chamber of Deputies
405:Cámara de Senadores
379:, covered with the
377:Chamber of Deputies
284:President of Mexico
266:Powers of the union
256:Chamber of Deputies
246:is vested upon the
147:President of Mexico
131:Chamber of Deputies
31:
2508:Politics of Mexico
2297:Dominican Republic
2017:Indigenous peoples
1921:Telecommunications
1780:State legislatures
1721:Federal government
1601:Metropolitan areas
1479:Mexican Revolution
1260:The New York Times
1240:2011-07-22 at the
1173:Politics of Mexico
1129:head of government
1104:
963:State legislatures
925:Citizens' Movement
685:Federal government
629:Capital punishment
573:Federal government
550:Politics of Mexico
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367:Congress of Mexico
361:Legislative branch
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306:head of government
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215:Gobierno de México
102:Legislative branch
96:http://www.gob.mx/
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1377:Pre-Columbian era
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1051:Mexico portal
1028:Visa requirements
981:Foreign relations
887:Political parties
634:Life imprisonment
244:Legislative power
197:
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120:Senate Building (
72:Founding document
16:(Redirected from
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2447:Saint Barthélemy
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2472:Sint Maarten
2452:Saint Martin
2072:Architecture
1977:Demographics
1821:Central bank
1731:Human rights
1720:
1711:Constitution
1529:War on drugs
1504:World War II
1489:Cristero War
1382:Colonial era
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1141:delegaciones
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930:New Alliance
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595:Human rights
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387:. President
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333:The current
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310:Armed Forces
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153:Headquarters
82:Jurisdiction
35:
26:
2442:Puerto Rico
2352:Saint Lucia
2302:El Salvador
1997:Immigration
1863:Land reform
1811:Agriculture
1633:Territories
1571:Earthquakes
1519:Peso crisis
1514:Lost Decade
1294:online free
1149:Controversy
1124:Mexico City
1033:Visa policy
910:Labor Party
703:Legislature
624:Nationality
600:LGBT rights
482:Mexico City
389:Vicente Fox
272:Mexico City
192:Mexico City
107:Legislature
2497:Categories
2437:Montserrat
2432:Martinique
2427:Guadeloupe
2282:Costa Rica
2156:Television
2114:Literature
1992:Healthcare
1967:Censorship
1962:Corruption
1895:(currency)
1853:Irrigation
1474:Porfiriato
1469:Yaqui Wars
1444:La Reforma
1429:Pastry War
539:See also:
516:See also:
493:See also:
411:) and the
163:Main organ
2422:Greenland
2337:Nicaragua
2312:Guatemala
2119:Monuments
2109:Languages
1982:Education
1901:Petroleum
1858:Labor law
1826:Companies
1768:President
1716:Elections
1606:Mountains
1539:Geography
1464:Caste War
1010:in Mexico
956:Governors
825:General:
817:Elections
788:Judiciary
654:Executive
440:plurality
355:Los Pinos
314:candidate
54:Formation
2387:Anguilla
2322:Honduras
2292:Dominica
2267:Barbados
2196:Category
2139:Religion
2099:Folklore
1758:Military
1736:Intersex
1694:Congress
1677:Politics
1663:Wildlife
1653:Volcanos
1494:Maximato
1361:articles
1238:Archived
1219:Archived
1200:Archived
1157:See also
1023:Passport
993:Minister
742:(MORENA)
673:(MORENA)
614:Abortion
254:and the
2417:Curaçao
2402:Bonaire
2397:Bermuda
2327:Jamaica
2307:Grenada
2262:Bahamas
2180:Outline
2087:Cuisine
2064:Culture
2054:Welfare
2044:Smoking
2029:Poverty
1950:Society
1926:Tourism
1799:Economy
1773:Cabinet
1591:Islands
1586:Forests
1561:Climate
1551:Borders
1369:History
1275:Machine
1271:Machine
690:Cabinet
587:history
417:Spanish
401:Spanish
240:Cabinet
167:Cabinet
92:Website
62: (
2342:Panama
2332:Mexico
2277:Canada
2272:Belize
2201:Portal
2151:Sports
2082:Cinema
2012:People
1836:Energy
1699:Senate
1621:States
1616:Rivers
1556:Cities
1359:
1357:Mexico
951:States
837:, and
529:Colima
455:Senate
425:budget
409:Senado
397:Senate
385:cravat
351:Zócalo
304:, the
252:Senate
143:Leader
122:Senate
2392:Aruba
2317:Haiti
2187:Index
2134:Radio
2124:Music
2022:Women
1987:Flags
1972:Crime
1893:Peso
1596:Lakes
764:(PRI)
619:Labor
178:Court
2462:Saba
2287:Cuba
2092:Wine
1741:LGBT
1643:Time
865:2021
863:and
861:2010
856:2021
854:and
852:2015
848:2009
844:2003
839:2024
835:2018
831:2012
827:2006
520:and
292:The
199:The
188:Seat
64:1824
57:1824
2077:Art
1883:Oil
1748:Law
609:Law
407:or
227:.
211:or
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