2163:
304:
2812:
1211:
2121:
in the language for children and an improved attachment to their
Indigenous identity. The immersion schools allowed children to learn their mother tongue, which increases the number of fluent speakers while still obtaining the dominant language. Community member educators also participated in a program to obtain a Certificate in Aboriginal Literacy Education that increased their fluency in the language.
2808:
1229:, a script of partially native origin. The Francis-Smith orthography used here was developed in 1974 and was adopted as the official orthography of the Míkmaq Nation in 1980. It is the most widely used orthography and is that used by Nova Scotian Mikmaq and by the Míkmaq Grand Council. It is quite similar to the "Lexicon" orthography, differing from it only in its use of the straight apostrophe
1167:('the two move'). However, these solidly placed elements of verbs are paired with markers that can appear throughout the word, depending again on emphasis; animacy in particular can appear fluidly throughout verbs. In short, while a few specific aspects of Miꞌkmaq can be predicted, its syntax in general is largely free and dependent on context.
2120:
Wagmatcook, Cape Breton, is undergoing significant efforts to revitalize the language. The community created a variety of children's books suited for a range of ages to develop Mi'kmaq language skills as children mature. The use of Mi'kmaq immersion schools in this area also increased the proficiency
2108:
Atlas of the World's
Languages in Danger scale. A level of vulnerable means the language may not be used consistently and instead the dominant language English is opted for. This also means it is still somewhat commonly spoken by younger generations or children of Mi'kmaq people. A lack of fluent
1138:
categories such as SVO or SOV, a more fixed aspect in the language comes in the morphology of its verbs. Certain areas of internal morphology of verbs in Miꞌkmaq have regular placement: for instance, when the aspect of a verb is included, it appears as the first prefix, while the negative marker
1244:
When the
Francis-Smith orthography was first developed, the straight apostrophe (often called a "tick") was the designated symbol for vowel length, but since software applications incorrectly autocorrected the tick to a curly apostrophe, a secondary means of indicating vowel length was formally
2733:"Language Highlight Tables, 2016 Census – Aboriginal mother tongue, Aboriginal language spoken most often at home and Other Aboriginal language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population excluding institutional residents of Canada, provinces and territories, 2016 Census – 100% Data"
2117:. These schools under the notation of assimilation, forced Indigenous children to reject their cultural identity and language. These schools resulted in a significant number of children physically and mentally abused and without the means to speak their mother tongue.
946:
Miꞌkmaq distinguishes between long and short vowels and consonants, the latter indicated in
Listuguj by doubling the consonant. Beyond expanding in length, long consonants add a schwa when they precede other consonants. For instance, compare
2400:
in Miꞌkmaq, presumably because of extensive trade contact between Basque sailors and Native
Americans in the 16th century. The overall friendly exchanges starting in mid-16th century between the Miꞌkmaqs and the
1086:
Miꞌkmaq uses free word order, based on emphasis rather than a traditionally fixed order of subjects, objects and verbs. For instance, the sentence "I saw a moose standing right there on the hill" could be stated
2206:. Beyond having a similar language background and sharing close geographic proximity, the Miꞌkmaq notably held an alliance with four other tribes within the Eastern Algonquian language group known as the
2143:'s Miꞌkmaq Burial Grounds Research and Restoration Association has about forty students in its Miꞌkmaq language revitalization classes, and Miꞌkmaq greetings are becoming more common in public places.
2131:"Parents come to me and say they hear their children in the backseat of the car speaking Miꞌkmaq and they're excited", said the Miꞌkmaq language instructor at Lnu Siꞌpuk Kinaꞌmuokuom Miꞌkmaq school in
1295:, is also given in the table below; this orthography is more complex than the table suggests, particularly as far as vowel quantity and quality is concerned, employing various letters such as ⟨
5367:
4614:
2292:, is animate, a fact used by some scholars to claim that the Wampanoag people were aware of the Earth's rotation around an unmoving Sun; however, in Miꞌkmaq, both the word for 'Sun',
1981:
for 30, etc.) While 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 all use a single word containing a prefix, the tens between 60 and 90 use the numeral as a preceding word to a separate word meaning ten,
2280:. The animacy system in general is common, but the specifics of Miꞌkmaq's system differ even from closely related Algic languages. For instance, in Wampanoag, the word for 'Sun',
2327:; in French-speaking areas, traces of Miꞌkmaq can also be found largely in geographical names within regions historically that were occupied by the Miꞌkmaq people, including
2213:
Miꞌkmaq has many similarities with its fellow
Eastern Algonquian languages, including multiple word cognates: for instance, compare the Miꞌkmaq word for 'woman',
2135:. Miꞌkmaq language courses are mandatory from grades Primary to 12 at the school, which only opened six years ago. Evening classes are starting as of Oct. 2013.
2017:
For numbers beyond 99, Miꞌkmaq uses a pattern similar to that of 60 to 99, with numeral words preceding separate roots that identify higher numbers (such as
3238:
2068:
On top of the basic structure, numbers in Miꞌkmaq must agree with the animacy of whatever they are counting: for instance, when speaking of two people,
2756:
2390:
in pre-colonial Miꞌkmaq society shows that Miꞌkmaq was one of the few Native
American languages to have a writing system before European contact.
1945:. Every multiple-digit number is formed by using one of the first nine numerals as a prefix or a preceding word, as seen in the number for ten,
3655:
Dictionary of the language of the Micmac
Indians, who reside in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Cape Breton and Newfoundland.
4709:
4408:
3422:
2732:
2092:
to denote the counting of inanimate subjects are common, but animacy-marking suffixes are somewhat fluid and vary by number and dialect.
314:
5372:
3757:
2308:, the core concept of animacy is shared across similar languages while the exact connotations animacy has within Miꞌkmaq are unique.
2114:
3264:
2255:
in Unami. Even outside of the
Eastern Algonquian subgroup, there exist similar cognates within the larger Algic family, such as the
3560:
838:
The obstruents have a wide variety of pronunciations. When they are located word-initially or next to another obstruent, they are
5377:
2127:'s Unamaꞌki College specializes "in Miꞌkmaq history, culture and education". As of 2013, "it has some 250 aboriginal students".
3383:
5362:
5336:
3502:
2833:
2500:), meaning 'stony bottom', 'swift water', or 'rocky point', likely referring to the rocky river bed of the Causapscal River.
4449:
2606:
1024:('ice'). However, such clusters are pronounced over separate syllables, with a schwa preceding the cluster; for instance,
810:
794:
336:
3710:
5332:
4702:
4401:
3691:
3671:
3647:
3622:
3599:
3395:
3316:
2595:
2304:, are animate, and parallel cultural knowledge regarding astronomy cannot be gleaned through the language. Much like
430:
2210:: in short, a history of long-term language contact has existed between Miꞌkmaq and its close linguistic relatives.
1139:
always appears directly after the verb root. An example for both of these instances can be seen in the Miꞌkmaq verb
4186:
2387:
2105:
1226:
732:
168:
2008:(meaning 'and' or 'also') and ending with one of the nine numerals: for instance, the number 28 is constructed as
4787:
4470:
4067:
2638:, which means 'running far in' (in reference to the tide, which has a long range over the shallow, sandy beaches)
2187:
326:
1996:
Numbers between the tens are stated by multiple-word phrases, beginning with the ten-based root number, such as
5267:
4835:
3750:
2140:
2461:
249:
5382:
5191:
5171:
4695:
4394:
4245:
4054:
3904:
2527:
2406:
2183:
762:
447:
290:
130:
2770:
2059:
is used between hundreds and tens, or thousands and hundreds: for example, the number 3,452 is written as
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1070:
1060:
1041:
1031:
990:
976:
962:
948:
931:
907:
883:
832:
824:
633:
628:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
582:
577:
570:
565:
5313:
5077:
4629:
4601:
4267:
4154:
4149:
3939:
3208:"Learning through an Aboriginal Language: The Impact on Students' English and Aboriginal Language Skills"
1292:
3539:
3470:
2424:, a word used by the natives to designate a fertile area like Passamaquoddy, Shubenacadie and Tracadie.
2319:
words are rooted in the Miꞌkmaq language, due to the
Acadians and Miꞌkmaq living together prior to the
801:
725:
718:
3518:
1125:, has verbs which usually contain the sentence's subject and object: for instance, the aforementioned
4737:
4349:
3725:
3435:
2402:
2336:
2320:
1115:/on the hill/right-there/he was standing); the latter sentence puts emphasis on the moose by placing
771:
2186:
spoken largely along the Atlantic coast. It is closely related to several extant languages, such as
4181:
3743:
2339:. Moreover, several Miꞌkmaq words have made their way into colonizing languages: the English words
2179:
2151:
1225:
based on ones devised by missionaries in the 19th century. Previously, the language was written in
2938:
5151:
5087:
4206:
4176:
4166:
3946:
3720:
2857:
2341:
2332:
2265:
1215:
739:
4845:
2409:
with a strong Miꞌkmaq imprint, which was recorded to be still in use in the early 18th century.
5319:
5298:
5034:
4609:
3811:
2124:
2101:
1942:
1122:
3953:
3926:
3594:
Nouvelle-York, Presse Cramoisy de J.M. Shea. Reprinted 2007: Toronto: Global Language Press,
3492:
2962:
2191:
2147:
786:
698:
691:
81:
69:
4900:
462:; the total ethnic Mi'kmaq population is roughly 20,000. The native name of the language is
5303:
5115:
5004:
4827:
4792:
4754:
4619:
4460:
4342:
3859:
3854:
3805:
3774:
3058:
2207:
2041:. The exceptions to that pattern are the numbers 100 and 1,000, which are simply the roots
1183:
225:
125:
61:
5357:
4860:
3034:
2986:
2182:, and the northeastern coast of North America. Within this family, Miꞌkmaq is part of the
1256:
In Listuguj orthography, an apostrophe marks long vowels as well as schwa, and the letter
8:
5308:
5272:
4948:
4817:
4718:
4656:
4565:
4417:
4224:
4216:
4191:
4127:
4031:
3932:
3849:
3797:
3783:
3207:
3087:
2914:
2162:
847:
754:
3654:
3606:
3010:
2882:"Mi'kmaq Language and the Mi'kmaq Indian Tribe (Micmac Indians, Mikmaq, Míkmaq, Mikmak)"
846:, and appear as . When the plosives and affricate are located word-finally, they may be
5282:
5217:
5059:
4996:
4981:
4850:
4772:
4767:
4518:
4500:
4317:
4261:
4251:
4144:
4024:
3977:
3880:
3635:
3627:
3151:
3143:
2374:
2305:
1284:
658:
2503:
282:
65:
5262:
5212:
5067:
5049:
5044:
5024:
5019:
4971:
4905:
4324:
4256:
4196:
4171:
4160:
4113:
4078:
4061:
3687:
3677:
3667:
3643:
3618:
3595:
3590:
3498:
3391:
3219:
3185:
3155:
3135:
2794:
2750:
2562:
2110:
843:
712:
663:
3401:
2654:
A 2012 book, by the Miꞌkmaq linguist Bernie Francis and anthropologist Trudy Sable,
332:
5257:
5247:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5146:
5141:
5131:
5097:
5039:
4986:
4933:
4895:
4840:
4802:
4762:
4732:
4676:
4648:
4578:
4495:
4273:
4048:
4004:
3960:
3890:
3791:
3588:
Maillard, M. l'abbé, redigée et mise en ordre par Joseph M. Bellenger, ptre. 1864.
3299:
3127:
2439:
2199:
653:
404:
73:
2515:
1053:('instigate') are pronounced over a single syllable: compare the pronunciation of
5252:
5242:
5237:
5196:
5105:
5072:
5029:
4976:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4915:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4855:
4807:
4797:
4573:
4547:
4485:
4361:
4136:
4123:
3988:
3982:
3766:
3639:
3617:
Sainte-Anne de Restigouche, P.Q. Reprinted 2007: Toronto: Global Language Press,
2837:
2558:
2394:
2195:
2171:
2132:
685:
668:
589:
389:
120:
112:
4865:
3730:
295:
5186:
5136:
5110:
5009:
4870:
4812:
4377:
4369:
4300:
4294:
4201:
3995:
3365:"toboggan | Origin and meaning of toboggan by Online Etymology Dictionary"
3265:"Miꞌkmaq is making a comeback in a Nova Scotia community – Politics – CBC News"
2366:
2312:
2203:
2175:
1157:
marks the verb as being in the completive aspect, whereas the negative marker,
151:
3287:
3206:
Usborne, Esther; Peck, Josephine; Smith, Donna-Lee; Taylor, Donald M. (2011).
3131:
1006:
Listuguj orthography occasionally begins words with consonant clusters, as in
5351:
5176:
4782:
4777:
4592:
4533:
4510:
4435:
4106:
3920:
3831:
3822:
3715:
3681:
3456:
3347:"caribou | Origin and meaning of caribou by Online Etymology Dictionary"
3223:
3189:
3139:
3120:
Canadian Journal of Political Science / Revue canadienne de science politique
2881:
2256:
2154:" in the language to raise awareness and help in its revitalization efforts.
839:
778:
746:
678:
528:
459:
220:
57:
43:
3658:
Halifax: Nova Scotia Printing Company. Reprinted 1994: New Delhi & Madra
5277:
5181:
4938:
4101:
4093:
3364:
3329:"quebec | Origin and meaning of quebec by Online Etymology Dictionary"
2641:
1288:
1222:
161:
5082:
3346:
3173:
2568:
2276:
Like many Native American languages, Miꞌkmaq uses a classifying system of
2053:, respectively. Similarly to digits between the tens, the connecting word
266:
4923:
3328:
3239:"Efforts gain strength across N.S. to ensure future for Miꞌkmaq language"
3178:
McGill Journal of Education / Revue des sciences de l'éducation de McGill
3174:"WKSITNUOW WEJKWAPNIAQEWA – MI'KMAQ: A VOICE FROM THE PEOPLE OF THE Dawn"
2584:
1283:
for these. It also ignores vowel length. The 19th-century orthography of
850:
and appear as . An example of each kind of pronunciation is given below.
560:
523:
197:
53:
3147:
3115:
5014:
3885:
3864:
2479:
2445:
2174:, a family that once spanned from a small portion of California across
1135:
621:
533:
451:
369:
359:
92:
4687:
4386:
4928:
4555:
4523:
3839:
2113:
performed by the Canadian government through the introduction of the
820:
493:
275:
259:
241:
2658:"examines the relationship between Miꞌkmaq language and landscape."
2232:
2220:
303:
3615:
Leçons grammaticales théoriques et pratiques de la langue micmaque.
2397:
828:
344:
3735:
1186:. The verbs change depending on the noun's animacy. For example:
4528:
3457:"Aroostook | county, Maine, United States | Britannica"
2629:
2618:
2578:
2277:
2062:
siꞌst pituimtlnaqn jel neꞌw gasgꞌptnnaqan jel naꞌnisgaq jel taꞌpu
1210:
1179:
1134:
While it is thus difficult to classify Miꞌkmaq under traditional
340:
3705:
3116:"The Genocide Question and Indian Residential Schools in Canada"
2771:"Detailed Languages Spoken at Home and Ability to Speak English"
2383:
as 'caribou' in his Miꞌkmaq-English dictionary (Rand 1888:98).
1249:
for schwa is sometimes replaced by the more common circumflex-i
4365:
3844:
3212:
Canadian Journal of Education / Revue canadienne de l'éducation
2795:"Legislation Enshrines Mi'kmaw as Nova Scotia's First Language"
2328:
2324:
2095:
455:
311:
214:
191:
39:
2867:
2865:
2427:
2316:
842:. However, when they are located between sonorants, they are
422:
77:
5368:
Indigenous languages of the North American eastern woodlands
2268:
2862:
2731:
Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics (2 August 2017).
2561:
that crosses the town just before its confluence with the
2086:
to denote the counting of animate subjects and the suffix
343:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
3317:
Boston Review: Touching Their Ancestors' Hands, 'Animacy'
2572:
2552:
2540:
2471:
2465:
2226:
2214:
416:
413:
3490:
2287:
2281:
3205:
2225:, or the varying related words for the color 'white':
819:
The sounds of Mi'kmaq can be divided into two groups:
3642:). Reprinted 2006: Vancouver: Global Language Press,
2674:
Miꞌkmaq has historically been spelled and pronounced
2650:, which means 'barred across the entrance with sand'.
2074:
is used, as opposed to the number used for two days,
2029:
meaning 'thousand'); for instance, 300 is written as
1044:. On the other hand, word-final clusters, such as in
431:
2901:
Some Aspects of the Phonology of Newfoundland Micmac
2244:
2238:
3421:Bakker, P. (1989). Two Basque Loanwords in Micmac.
2369:in his publication in French in 1610 used the term
1151:), translated as 'they cannot get out': the prefix
419:
410:
407:
2834:"Indigenous Languages Spoken in the United States"
2259:
1121:('moose') earlier in the utterance. Miꞌkmaq, as a
510:The phonemic inventory of Mi'kmaq is shown below.
3721:Chris Harvey's page on Míkmawísimk (Languagegeek)
3088:"UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger"
2871:Micmac Teaching Grammar. Delisle / Metallic 1976.
2704:
2696:
2688:
2645:
2633:
2622:
2610:
2599:
2588:
2546:
2531:
2519:
2507:
2495:
2489:
2483:
2449:
2431:
2419:
2378:
2360:
2354:
2299:
2293:
2087:
2081:
2075:
2069:
2060:
2054:
2048:
2042:
2036:
2030:
2024:
2018:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1988:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1964:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1931:
1919:
1907:
1895:
1883:
1871:
1859:
1847:
1835:
1823:
1197:
1189:
1162:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1126:
1116:
1102:
1088:
1064:
1054:
1045:
1035:
1025:
1016:
1007:
994:
980:
966:
952:
924:
900:
876:
497:
487:
481:
475:
469:
463:
440:
166:
105:7,140, 4% of ethnic population (2016 census)
27:
5349:
3731:OLAC resources in and about the Miꞌkmaq language
3604:Delisle, Gilles L.; Metallic, Emmanuel L. 1976.
3172:Smith, Donna-Lee; Peck, Josephine (2004-09-01).
2157:
2150:, recorded a cover version of the Beatles song "
486:is a plural word meaning 'my friends' (singular
16:Eastern Algonquian language of Canada and the US
3113:
3542:(in French). Commission de toponymie du Québec
3521:(in French). Commission de toponymie du Québec
3473:(in French). Commission de toponymie du Québec
3438:(in French). Commission de toponymie du Québec
2668:
2442:, from Mi'kmaq meaning 'beautiful/clear water'
4703:
4402:
3751:
3610:La Macaza, Quebec: Manitou Community College.
3607:Micmac Teaching Grammar. Preliminary version.
3423:International Journal of American Linguistics
2405:provided the basis for the development of an
1267:The 19th-century Pacifique orthography omits
3666:. Sydney, NS: Cape Breton University Press.
3484:
3114:MacDonald, David B.; Hudson, Graham (2012).
2755:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2166:Bible translations into the Miꞌkmaq language
2096:Language revitalization efforts and teaching
3497:. University of Toronto Press. p. 91.
2678:in English. Contemporary spellings include
2353:was probably derived from the Miꞌkmaq word
2250:
1097:" (I saw him/there/on the hill/right-there/
310:Mi'kmaq is classified as Vulnerable by the
4710:
4696:
4409:
4395:
3758:
3744:
3632:First reading book in the Micmac language.
2286:, is inanimate, but the word for 'Earth',
1969:, meaning ten (the pattern can be seen in
302:
3171:
2892:
2331:and several towns in Nova Scotia such as
2115:Canadian Indian residential school system
1245:accepted, the acute accent. The barred-i
1170:Mi'kmaq verbs are also marked for tense.
3425:Vol. 55, No. 2 (Apr., 1989), pp. 258–261
3381:
3357:
3292:
2826:
2161:
1724:
1710:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1209:
315:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
4717:
4416:
3634:Halifax: Nova Scotia Printing Company (
3339:
3310:
3236:
3230:
2146:In 2021, Emma Stevens, a member of the
1161:, appears directly after the verb root
337:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
5350:
3321:
3262:
2730:
2349:are borrowings from Miꞌkmaq. The name
4691:
4390:
3739:
3711:Internet Archive of "Míkmaq Language"
3661:
3201:
3199:
3167:
3165:
3109:
3107:
3082:
3080:
3078:
2898:
2801:
2656:The Language of this Land, Miꞌkmaꞌki,
2393:Linguist Peter Bakker identified two
1221:Miꞌkmaq is written using a number of
3664:The language of this land, Miꞌkmaꞌki
3300:"Algonkian/Algonquian Words (Algic)"
3765:
3375:
2014:, or literally 'twenty and eight'.
13:
4615:Pro-Tactile American Sign Language
3196:
3162:
3104:
3075:
2858:Chris Harvey's page on Míkmawísimk
2545:('river junction', from the parts
2198:as well as extinct languages like
14:
5394:
5373:First Nations languages in Canada
3706:Miꞌkmaq Online Talking Dictionary
3699:
3491:William Baillie Hamilton (1996).
2458:) meaning 'great little harbour'
2100:The Mi'kmaq language possesses a
1987:: for instance, 60 is written as
1205:
1182:. This is a common feature among
809:
800:
793:
777:
770:
761:
745:
738:
731:
724:
717:
697:
690:
450:language spoken by nearly 11,000
3591:Grammaire de la langue mikmaque.
3382:Kavanagh, Maureen, ed. (2005) ,
2615:(place of amusement or pleasure)
2436:(place of amusement or pleasure)
2323:and the British colonization of
1807:
403:
3716:Native Languages page on Míkmaq
3686:s: Asian Educational Services,
3553:
3532:
3511:
3463:
3449:
3428:
3415:
3281:
3256:
3051:
3027:
3003:
2979:
2955:
2931:
2907:
2109:Mi'kmaq speakers is due to the
5378:Languages of the United States
3494:Place Names of Atlantic Canada
2874:
2851:
2787:
2763:
2724:
2278:animate versus inanimate words
2104:level of vulnerable under the
1951:, a combination of the prefix
1260:is used instead of the letter
1214:Miꞌkmaq-language stop sign in
1:
3237:Beswick, Truro (2013-10-16).
2717:
2418:Placenames ending in Miꞌkmaq
2412:
2158:History and related languages
2141:Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia
1090:sapmiꞌk ala nemaqtꞌk na tett
643:
480:(in some dialects). The word
5363:Eastern Algonquian languages
5192:Labrador Inuit Pidgin French
4610:American Sign Language (ASL)
3388:Canadian Wildlife Service/EC
3263:Myslik, Jaime (2014-03-25).
2573:
2557:('river'), referring to the
2553:
2541:
2528:Kouchibouguac, New Brunswick
2472:
2466:
2377:translated the Miꞌkmaq word
2365:meaning 'the one who paws'.
2298:, and the word for 'Earth',
2288:
2282:
2269:
2239:
2233:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2035:, while 2,000 is written as
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1727:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1227:Miꞌkmaq hieroglyphic writing
1178:Nouns in Mi'kmaq are either
505:
7:
5314:Plains Indian Sign Language
4556:Nunavimmiutitut (ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥᐅᑎᑐᑦ)
4372:language •
3961:Quiripi–Naugatuck–Unquachog
3940:Massachusett Pidgin English
3652:Rand, Silas Tertius. 1888.
2260:
2184:Eastern Algonquian subgroup
1194:– 'I see (inanimate noun)'
1131:translates to 'I saw him'.
10:
5399:
5165:Pidgins, creoles and mixed
3582:
3519:"Matapédia (Municipalité)"
2899:Bragg, Russell A. (1976).
2512:('land recently acquired')
2386:The aforementioned use of
1076:
5329:
5291:
5205:
5164:
5124:
5096:
5058:
4995:
4947:
4914:
4826:
4753:
4746:
4725:
4669:
4647:
4637:Anishinaabe Sign Language
4628:
4600:
4591:
4564:
4546:
4524:Īyiyū Ayimūn / Īnū Ayimūn
4509:
4484:
4459:
4448:
4431:
4424:
4359:
4334:
4309:
4286:
4237:
4215:
4135:
4122:
4092:
4041:
4014:
3970:
3912:
3903:
3873:
3830:
3821:
3782:
3773:
3132:10.1017/S000842391200039X
2321:Expulsion of the Acadians
1202:– 'I see (animate noun)'
1081:
993:, written in Listuguj as
979:, written in Listuguj as
965:, written in Listuguj as
951:, written in Listuguj as
667:
662:
657:
652:
650:
637:
625:
603:
574:
532:
527:
522:
520:
513:
385:
375:
365:
355:
323:
301:
289:
273:
257:
239:
234:
205:
187:Official language in
185:
180:
148:
109:
99:
87:
49:
35:
26:
21:
5172:Algonquian–Basque pidgin
4529:iyuw iyimuun (ᐃᔪᐤ ᐃᔨᒧᐅᓐ)
4246:Algonquian–Basque pidgin
4187:North of Superior Ojibwa
3304:www.native-languages.org
3269:CBC News : Politics
2886:www.native-languages.org
2809:"Statistics Canada 2006"
2661:
2539:Matapédia, from Miꞌkmaq
2407:Algonquian–Basque pidgin
2180:Midwestern United States
2023:, meaning 'hundred', or
2011:tapuisgaꞌq jel ugumuljin
1287:, using characters from
1173:
1108:nemaqtꞌk na tett kaqamit
4094:Mesquakie–Sauk–Kickapoo
3823:Cree–Montagnais–Naskapi
3726:How to count in Miꞌkmaq
3613:Pacifique, Père. 1939.
2705:
2697:
2689:
2646:
2634:
2623:
2611:
2600:
2589:
2547:
2536:('river of long tides')
2532:
2520:
2508:
2496:
2490:
2484:
2450:
2432:
2420:
2379:
2361:
2355:
2300:
2294:
2251:
2245:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2061:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2037:
2031:
2025:
2019:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1932:
1920:
1908:
1896:
1884:
1872:
1860:
1848:
1836:
1824:
1812:
1216:Elsipogtog First Nation
1198:
1190:
1163:
1153:
1147:
1141:
1127:
1117:
1103:
1089:
1065:
1055:
1046:
1036:
1026:
1017:
1008:
995:
981:
967:
953:
925:
901:
877:
498:
488:
482:
476:
470:
464:
441:
167:
28:
5337:Canadian dictionaries
5320:Maritime Sign Language
5299:American Sign Language
4788:Malecite-Passamaquoddy
4471:Malecite-Passamaquoddy
4068:Maliseet–Passamaquoddy
3384:"Hinterland Who's Who"
2188:Malecite-Passamaquoddy
2170:Miꞌkmaq is one of the
2167:
2137:
2125:Cape Breton University
2102:degree of endangerment
1943:decimal numeral system
1339:Miꞌkmaq orthographies
1241:to mark vowel length.
1218:
1123:polysynthetic language
1101:/he was standing) or "
325:This article contains
70:island of Newfoundland
5333:Canadian style guides
3662:Sable, Trudy (2012).
2165:
2148:Eskasoni First Nation
2129:
1237:instead of the colon
1213:
825:/p,t,k,kʷ,t͡ʃ,s,x,xʷ/
82:Boston, Massachusetts
5304:Quebec Sign Language
4747:Indigenous languages
4620:Quebec Sign Language
3913:Southern New England
3471:"Causapscal (Ville)"
3243:The Chronicle Herald
3063:www.mikmaqonline.org
3039:www.mikmaqonline.org
3015:www.mikmaqonline.org
2991:www.mikmaqonline.org
2967:www.mikmaqonline.org
2943:www.mikmaqonline.org
2919:www.mikmaqonline.org
2388:hieroglyphic writing
2208:Wabanaki Confederacy
1184:Algonquian languages
1180:animate or inanimate
1148:kisi-paw-natq-aꞌti-w
975:('stick into'); or,
226:Prince Edward Island
62:Prince Edward Island
5383:Lexis (linguistics)
5273:Pennsylvania German
4719:Languages of Canada
4670:Immigrant languages
4418:Languages of Quebec
4192:Northwestern Ojibwa
4155:Border Lakes Ojibwa
4150:Berens River Ojibwa
4055:Carolina Algonquian
3933:Massachusett Pidgin
3628:Rand, Silas Tertius
3561:"Book launch today"
3540:"Paspébiac (Ville)"
3404:on 24 December 2013
2737:www12.statcan.gc.ca
2032:siꞌst gasgꞌptnnaqan
1340:
1293:Phonotypic Alphabet
1111:" (I saw him/there/
977:/tox.tʃu.pi.la.wek/
961:('flow away') with
207:Recognised minority
5309:Inuk Sign Language
5268:Newfoundland Irish
5233:Tagalog (Filipino)
5206:Minority languages
5078:Heiltsuk-Oowekyala
4836:Babine-Witsuwitʼen
4726:Official languages
4657:Inuk Sign Language
4640:Cree Sign Language
3905:Eastern Algonquian
3369:www.etymonline.com
3351:www.etymonline.com
3333:www.etymonline.com
2375:Silas Tertius Rand
2306:grammatical gender
2219:, to the Maliseet
2168:
2038:taꞌpu pituimtlnaqn
1338:
1325:⟨ɹ́⟩
1321:⟨ɹ̇⟩
1317:⟨ɯ́⟩
1309:⟨ɛ́⟩
1299:⟩, ⟨
1285:Silas Tertius Rand
1219:
835:and all vowels).
448:Eastern Algonquian
131:Eastern Algonquian
5345:
5344:
5263:Doukhobor Russian
5160:
5159:
4685:
4684:
4665:
4664:
4587:
4586:
4542:
4541:
4496:Wôbanakiôdwawôgan
4486:Anishinaabemowin
4444:
4443:
4425:Official language
4384:
4383:
4378:extinct languages
4282:
4281:
4233:
4232:
4161:Broken Oghibbeway
4088:
4087:
3899:
3898:
3504:978-0-8020-7570-3
2577:, meaning 'split
2563:Restigouche River
2551:('junction') and
2139:Also as of 2013,
2111:cultural genocide
1990:asꞌgom teꞌsisgaꞌq
1939:
1938:
1805:
1804:
1329:⟨ơ⟩
1313:⟨ɯ⟩
1305:⟨ɛ⟩
1281:⟨i⟩
1277:⟨o⟩
1273:⟨y⟩
1269:⟨w⟩
1262:⟨k⟩
1258:⟨g⟩
1251:⟨î⟩
1247:⟨ɨ⟩
1239:⟨:⟩
1235:⟨´⟩
1231:⟨ꞌ⟩
1142:kisipawnatqaꞌtiꞌw
944:
943:
817:
816:
641:
640:
395:
394:
351:
350:
333:rendering support
329:phonetic symbols.
5390:
5258:Hutterite German
4751:
4750:
4712:
4705:
4698:
4689:
4688:
4630:Plains Sign Talk
4598:
4597:
4593:Manual languages
4482:
4481:
4457:
4456:
4450:Oral Indigenous
4429:
4428:
4411:
4404:
4397:
4388:
4387:
4350:Proto-Algonquian
4182:Nipissing Ojibwa
4133:
4132:
3910:
3909:
3828:
3827:
3780:
3779:
3760:
3753:
3746:
3737:
3736:
3685:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3565:Cape Breton Post
3557:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3547:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3515:
3509:
3508:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3478:
3467:
3461:
3460:
3453:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3432:
3426:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3400:, archived from
3379:
3373:
3372:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3343:
3337:
3336:
3325:
3319:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3296:
3290:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3203:
3194:
3193:
3169:
3160:
3159:
3111:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3084:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2983:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2878:
2872:
2869:
2860:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2836:. Archived from
2830:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2811:. Archived from
2805:
2799:
2798:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2754:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2728:
2711:
2708:
2700:
2692:
2686:in English, and
2672:
2649:
2637:
2626:
2614:
2603:
2592:
2576:
2556:
2550:
2544:
2535:
2523:
2511:
2499:
2493:
2487:
2475:
2469:
2453:
2440:Aroostook County
2435:
2423:
2382:
2364:
2358:
2303:
2297:
2291:
2285:
2272:
2263:
2254:
2248:
2242:
2236:
2230:
2224:
2218:
2091:
2085:
2079:
2073:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1935:
1923:
1911:
1899:
1887:
1875:
1863:
1851:
1839:
1827:
1817:
1816:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1341:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1263:
1259:
1252:
1248:
1240:
1236:
1233:or acute accent
1232:
1201:
1193:
1166:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1130:
1120:
1110:
1096:
1072:
1068:
1062:
1058:
1052:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1029:
1023:
1014:
1002:
992:
989:('hoist'), with
988:
978:
974:
964:
960:
950:
933:
928:
909:
904:
885:
880:
853:
852:
834:
826:
813:
804:
797:
781:
774:
765:
749:
742:
735:
728:
721:
701:
694:
648:
647:
635:
630:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
584:
579:
572:
567:
518:
517:
501:
491:
485:
479:
473:
467:
444:
434:
429:
428:
425:
424:
421:
418:
415:
412:
409:
399:Mi'kmaq language
353:
352:
317:
306:
285:
269:
262:
253:
252:
244:
209:language in
172:
154:
115:
74:Anticosti Island
31:
19:
18:
5398:
5397:
5393:
5392:
5391:
5389:
5388:
5387:
5348:
5347:
5346:
5341:
5325:
5287:
5253:Canadian Gaelic
5201:
5156:
5152:Coast Tsimshian
5120:
5092:
5054:
4991:
4943:
4910:
4822:
4742:
4721:
4716:
4686:
4681:
4661:
4643:
4624:
4583:
4560:
4538:
4505:
4487:
4480:
4451:
4440:
4420:
4415:
4385:
4380:
4355:
4335:Proto-languages
4330:
4305:
4278:
4229:
4211:
4118:
4084:
4037:
4010:
3989:Pidgin Delaware
3966:
3895:
3869:
3817:
3769:
3767:Algic languages
3764:
3702:
3674:
3585:
3580:
3579:
3570:
3568:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3545:
3543:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3524:
3522:
3517:
3516:
3512:
3505:
3489:
3485:
3476:
3474:
3469:
3468:
3464:
3455:
3454:
3450:
3441:
3439:
3436:"Amqui (ville)"
3434:
3433:
3429:
3420:
3416:
3407:
3405:
3398:
3380:
3376:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3315:
3311:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3286:
3282:
3273:
3271:
3261:
3257:
3248:
3246:
3235:
3231:
3204:
3197:
3170:
3163:
3112:
3105:
3096:
3094:
3086:
3085:
3076:
3067:
3065:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3043:
3041:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3019:
3017:
3009:
3008:
3004:
2995:
2993:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2971:
2969:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2947:
2945:
2939:"toqju'pilaweg"
2937:
2936:
2932:
2923:
2921:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2897:
2893:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2870:
2863:
2856:
2852:
2843:
2841:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2818:
2816:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2779:
2777:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2748:
2747:
2741:
2739:
2729:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2714:
2673:
2669:
2664:
2632:, from Miꞌkmaq
2621:, from Miꞌkmaq
2609:, from Miꞌkmaq
2598:, from Miꞌkmaq
2587:, from Miꞌkmaq
2574:papgeg ipsigiag
2571:, from Miꞌkmaq
2559:Matapedia River
2530:, from Miꞌkmaq
2506:, from Miꞌkmaq
2504:Gaspé Peninsula
2482:, from Miꞌkmaq
2464:, from Miꞌkmaq
2448:, from Mi'kmaq
2430:, from Miꞌkmaq
2415:
2249:in Abenaki and
2172:Algic languages
2160:
2098:
1963:) and the root
1941:Miꞌkmaq uses a
1815:
1810:
1335:⟩, etc.
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1261:
1257:
1250:
1246:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1223:Latin alphabets
1208:
1176:
1084:
1079:
991:/ke.si.kaw.wek/
646:
516:
508:
432:
406:
402:
370:Lnu'k (Mi'kmaq)
331:Without proper
319:
318:
309:
281:
265:
258:
248:
247:
240:
230:
217:
210:
208:
194:
188:
181:Official status
176:
169:Gomgwejui'gasit
155:
150:
144:
116:
113:Language family
111:
102:
101:Native speakers
66:Gaspé Peninsula
17:
12:
11:
5:
5396:
5386:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5343:
5342:
5330:
5327:
5326:
5324:
5323:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5295:
5293:
5292:Sign languages
5289:
5288:
5286:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5209:
5207:
5203:
5202:
5200:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5187:Chinook Jargon
5184:
5179:
5174:
5168:
5166:
5162:
5161:
5158:
5157:
5155:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5128:
5126:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5102:
5100:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5090:
5088:Nuu-chah-nulth
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5064:
5062:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5001:
4999:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4953:
4951:
4945:
4944:
4942:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4920:
4918:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4832:
4830:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4759:
4757:
4748:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4740:
4735:
4729:
4727:
4723:
4722:
4715:
4714:
4707:
4700:
4692:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4679:
4673:
4671:
4667:
4666:
4663:
4662:
4660:
4659:
4653:
4651:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4641:
4638:
4634:
4632:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4606:
4604:
4595:
4589:
4588:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4581:
4576:
4570:
4568:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4552:
4550:
4544:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4515:
4513:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4503:
4501:Anicinâbemowin
4498:
4492:
4490:
4479:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4454:
4446:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4438:
4432:
4426:
4422:
4421:
4414:
4413:
4406:
4399:
4391:
4382:
4381:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4346:
4338:
4336:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4328:
4321:
4313:
4311:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4303:
4298:
4290:
4288:
4284:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4276:
4271:
4268:Miami–Illinois
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4241:
4239:
4235:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4221:
4219:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4209:
4207:Western Ojibwa
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4177:Eastern Ojibwa
4174:
4169:
4167:Central Ojibwa
4164:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4141:
4139:
4130:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4102:Mesquakie–Sauk
4098:
4096:
4090:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4058:
4051:
4045:
4043:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4028:
4020:
4018:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4008:
4001:
4000:
3999:
3992:
3985:
3974:
3972:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3964:
3957:
3950:
3947:Mohegan–Pequot
3943:
3936:
3929:
3924:
3916:
3914:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3877:
3875:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3836:
3834:
3825:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3815:
3808:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3788:
3786:
3777:
3771:
3770:
3763:
3762:
3755:
3748:
3740:
3734:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3701:
3700:External links
3698:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3672:
3659:
3650:
3625:
3611:
3602:
3584:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3552:
3531:
3510:
3503:
3483:
3462:
3448:
3427:
3414:
3396:
3374:
3356:
3338:
3320:
3309:
3291:
3280:
3255:
3229:
3218:(4): 200–215.
3195:
3161:
3126:(2): 427–449.
3103:
3092:www.unesco.org
3074:
3050:
3026:
3002:
2978:
2954:
2930:
2906:
2891:
2873:
2861:
2850:
2825:
2800:
2797:. 11 May 2018.
2786:
2775:www.census.gov
2762:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2652:
2651:
2639:
2627:
2616:
2604:
2593:
2582:
2581:' or 'lagoon'.
2566:
2537:
2525:
2524:('land's end')
2513:
2501:
2477:
2470:('broad') and
2459:
2443:
2437:
2425:
2414:
2411:
2403:Basque whalers
2367:Marc Lescarbot
2313:Acadian French
2266:Miami-Illinois
2176:Central Canada
2159:
2156:
2097:
2094:
2002:, followed by
1957:(derived from
1937:
1936:
1929:
1925:
1924:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1869:
1865:
1864:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1845:
1841:
1840:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1207:
1206:Writing system
1204:
1175:
1172:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1040:is pronounced
1030:is pronounced
1015:('ocean') and
942:
941:
936:
934:
929:
922:
918:
917:
912:
910:
905:
898:
894:
893:
888:
886:
881:
874:
870:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
815:
814:
807:
805:
798:
791:
789:
783:
782:
775:
768:
766:
759:
757:
751:
750:
743:
736:
729:
722:
715:
709:
708:
706:
704:
702:
695:
688:
682:
681:
676:
672:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
645:
642:
639:
638:
636:
631:
626:
624:
618:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
586:
585:
580:
575:
573:
568:
563:
557:
556:
553:
550:
547:
544:
541:
537:
536:
531:
526:
521:
515:
512:
507:
504:
393:
392:
387:
383:
382:
377:
373:
372:
367:
363:
362:
357:
349:
348:
335:, you may see
321:
320:
308:
307:
299:
298:
293:
287:
286:
279:
271:
270:
263:
255:
254:
245:
237:
236:
235:Language codes
232:
231:
229:
228:
223:
213:
211:
206:
203:
202:
201:
200:
189:
186:
183:
182:
178:
177:
175:
174:
173:(historically)
164:
158:
156:
152:Writing system
149:
146:
145:
143:
142:
141:
140:
139:
138:
119:
117:
110:
107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
89:
85:
84:
51:
47:
46:
37:
36:Native to
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5395:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5340:
5338:
5334:
5328:
5322:
5321:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5296:
5294:
5290:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5210:
5208:
5204:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5177:Broken Slavey
5175:
5173:
5170:
5169:
5167:
5163:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5123:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5103:
5101:
5099:
5095:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5065:
5063:
5061:
5057:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4998:
4994:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4950:
4946:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4917:
4913:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4829:
4825:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4756:
4752:
4749:
4745:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4713:
4708:
4706:
4701:
4699:
4694:
4693:
4690:
4678:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4668:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4650:
4646:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4631:
4627:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4603:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4590:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4567:
4563:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4549:
4545:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4512:
4508:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4489:
4483:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4462:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4447:
4437:
4434:
4433:
4430:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4412:
4407:
4405:
4400:
4398:
4393:
4392:
4389:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4358:
4352:
4351:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4340:
4339:
4337:
4333:
4327:
4326:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4308:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4296:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4285:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4269:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4226:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4218:
4214:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4115:
4112:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4095:
4091:
4081:
4080:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4063:
4059:
4057:
4056:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4040:
4034:
4033:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4017:
4013:
4007:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3997:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3969:
3963:
3962:
3958:
3956:
3955:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3944:
3942:
3941:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3872:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3820:
3814:
3813:
3812:Nawathinehena
3809:
3807:
3804:
3800:
3799:
3795:
3794:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3761:
3756:
3754:
3749:
3747:
3742:
3741:
3738:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3695:
3693:
3692:81-206-0954-9
3689:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3673:9781897009499
3669:
3665:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3649:
3648:0-9738924-8-X
3645:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3623:1-897367-15-5
3620:
3616:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3603:
3601:
3600:1-897367-14-7
3597:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3586:
3566:
3562:
3556:
3541:
3535:
3520:
3514:
3506:
3500:
3496:
3495:
3487:
3472:
3466:
3458:
3452:
3437:
3431:
3424:
3418:
3403:
3399:
3397:0-662-39659-6
3393:
3389:
3385:
3378:
3370:
3366:
3360:
3352:
3348:
3342:
3334:
3330:
3324:
3318:
3313:
3305:
3301:
3295:
3289:
3284:
3270:
3266:
3259:
3245:. Halifax, NS
3244:
3240:
3233:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3202:
3200:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3168:
3166:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3110:
3108:
3093:
3089:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3064:
3060:
3054:
3040:
3036:
3030:
3016:
3012:
3006:
2992:
2988:
2982:
2968:
2964:
2958:
2944:
2940:
2934:
2920:
2916:
2910:
2902:
2895:
2887:
2883:
2877:
2868:
2866:
2859:
2854:
2840:on 2017-07-23
2839:
2835:
2829:
2815:on 2018-12-25
2814:
2810:
2804:
2796:
2790:
2776:
2772:
2766:
2758:
2752:
2738:
2734:
2727:
2723:
2709:
2707:
2701:
2699:
2693:
2691:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2671:
2667:
2659:
2657:
2648:
2643:
2640:
2636:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2620:
2617:
2613:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2526:
2522:
2517:
2516:Gaspé, Quebec
2514:
2510:
2505:
2502:
2498:
2492:
2486:
2481:
2478:
2474:
2468:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2434:
2429:
2426:
2422:
2417:
2416:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2399:
2396:
2391:
2389:
2384:
2381:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2363:
2357:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2307:
2302:
2296:
2290:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2271:
2267:
2262:
2258:
2253:
2247:
2241:
2237:in Maliseet,
2235:
2229:
2223:
2217:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2164:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2142:
2136:
2134:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2093:
2090:
2084:
2080:. The suffix
2078:
2072:
2066:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2044:gasgꞌptnnaqan
2039:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2020:gasgꞌptnnaqan
2015:
2012:
2006:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1944:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1808:Number system
1735:
1732:
1731:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1463:
1462:Francis-Smith
1460:
1459:
1346:
1342:
1336:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1265:
1254:
1242:
1228:
1224:
1217:
1212:
1203:
1200:
1195:
1192:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1132:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1107:
1100:
1095:
1093:
1074:
1067:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1038:
1028:
1022:
1020:
1013:
1011:
1004:
1001:
999:
987:
985:
973:
971:
959:
957:
940:
937:
935:
930:
927:
923:
920:
919:
916:
913:
911:
906:
903:
899:
896:
895:
892:
889:
887:
882:
879:
875:
872:
871:
867:
864:
861:
858:
855:
854:
851:
849:
845:
841:
836:
830:
822:
812:
808:
806:
803:
799:
796:
792:
790:
788:
785:
784:
780:
776:
773:
769:
767:
764:
760:
758:
756:
753:
752:
748:
744:
741:
737:
734:
730:
727:
723:
720:
716:
714:
711:
710:
707:
705:
703:
700:
696:
693:
689:
687:
684:
683:
680:
677:
674:
673:
670:
665:
660:
655:
649:
632:
627:
623:
620:
619:
613:
608:
598:
593:
591:
588:
587:
581:
576:
569:
564:
562:
559:
558:
554:
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
538:
535:
530:
525:
519:
511:
503:
500:
495:
490:
484:
478:
472:
471:Miꞌkmawiꞌsimk
466:
461:
460:United States
457:
453:
449:
445:
443:
442:Miꞌkmawiꞌsimk
437:
436:
427:
400:
391:
388:
384:
381:
380:Mi'kmawi'simk
378:
374:
371:
368:
364:
361:
358:
354:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
328:
322:
316:
313:
305:
300:
297:
294:
292:
288:
284:
280:
278:
277:
272:
268:
264:
261:
256:
251:
246:
243:
238:
233:
227:
224:
222:
221:New Brunswick
219:
218:
216:
212:
204:
199:
196:
195:
193:
190:
184:
179:
171:
170:
165:
163:
160:
159:
157:
153:
147:
137:
134:
133:
132:
129:
128:
127:
124:
123:
122:
118:
114:
108:
104:
98:
95:(2016 census)
94:
90:
86:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
58:New Brunswick
55:
52:
48:
45:
44:United States
41:
38:
34:
30:
29:Miꞌkmawiꞌsimk
25:
20:
5331:
5318:
5278:Plautdietsch
4939:Inuvialuktun
4475:
4373:
4348:
4341:
4323:
4316:
4293:
4266:
4244:
4159:
4077:
4072:
4060:
4053:
4030:
4023:
4015:
4003:
3994:
3987:
3959:
3954:Narragansett
3952:
3945:
3938:
3931:
3927:Massachusett
3919:
3810:
3796:
3663:
3653:
3631:
3614:
3605:
3589:
3569:. Retrieved
3567:. 2012-03-26
3564:
3555:
3544:. Retrieved
3534:
3523:. Retrieved
3513:
3493:
3486:
3475:. Retrieved
3465:
3451:
3440:. Retrieved
3430:
3417:
3406:, retrieved
3402:the original
3387:
3377:
3368:
3359:
3350:
3341:
3332:
3323:
3312:
3303:
3294:
3283:
3272:. Retrieved
3268:
3258:
3247:. Retrieved
3242:
3232:
3215:
3211:
3181:
3177:
3123:
3119:
3095:. Retrieved
3091:
3066:. Retrieved
3062:
3053:
3042:. Retrieved
3038:
3029:
3018:. Retrieved
3014:
3005:
2994:. Retrieved
2990:
2981:
2970:. Retrieved
2966:
2963:"gesigawweg"
2957:
2946:. Retrieved
2942:
2933:
2922:. Retrieved
2918:
2909:
2900:
2894:
2885:
2876:
2853:
2842:. Retrieved
2838:the original
2828:
2817:. Retrieved
2813:the original
2803:
2789:
2778:. Retrieved
2774:
2765:
2740:. Retrieved
2736:
2726:
2703:
2695:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2670:
2655:
2653:
2647:Takamegoochk
2642:Tatamagouche
2456:Chebooktoosk
2455:
2454:(pronounced
2392:
2385:
2370:
2350:
2346:
2340:
2337:Shubenacadie
2310:
2275:
2231:in Miꞌkmaq,
2212:
2192:Massachusett
2169:
2145:
2138:
2133:Indian Brook
2130:
2123:
2119:
2099:
2067:
2050:pituimtlnaqn
2026:pituimtlnaqn
2016:
1995:
1940:
1733:
1680:
1607:
1534:
1461:
1344:
1289:Isaac Pitman
1266:
1255:
1243:
1220:
1196:
1188:
1177:
1169:
1158:
1133:
1112:
1105:
1104:sapmiꞌk ala
1098:
1091:
1085:
1048:
1018:
1009:
1005:
997:
983:
969:
955:
945:
938:
914:
890:
859:Orthography
837:
818:
509:
439:
398:
396:
379:
324:
274:
162:Latin script
135:
5116:Assiniboine
5005:Bella Coola
4924:Inuinnaqtun
4343:Proto-Algic
4016:Nanticockan
3860:Swampy Cree
3855:Plains Cree
3806:Gros Ventre
3408:21 December
3288:youtube.com
2710:in Miꞌkmaq.
2635:Es-ed-ei-ik
2596:Restigouche
2533:Pijeboogwek
2497:Gesôpsgigel
2451:Tjipogtotjg
2243:in Munsee,
1933:neꞌwtisgaꞌq
1069:('taste'),
1061:/a.si.ketk/
963:/en.nə.mit/
833:/m,n,w,l,j/
787:Approximant
339:instead of
198:Nova Scotia
76:, northern
54:Nova Scotia
5352:Categories
5015:Halkomelem
4828:Athabaskan
4818:Potawatomi
4755:Algonquian
4602:Francosign
4534:Innu-aimun
4488:(ᐊᓂᔑᓈᐯᒧᐎᓐ)
4461:Algonquian
4225:Potawatomi
4217:Potawatomi
4128:Potawatomi
4032:Piscataway
3886:Innu-aimun
3865:Woods Cree
3850:Moose Cree
3798:Besawunena
3775:Algonquian
3571:2012-10-21
3546:2011-12-29
3525:2012-01-12
3477:2012-01-31
3442:2012-01-30
3274:2014-03-28
3249:2013-10-24
3097:2020-12-11
3068:2022-12-27
3044:2022-12-27
3020:2022-12-27
2996:2022-12-27
2972:2022-12-27
2948:2022-12-27
2924:2022-12-27
2844:2012-11-26
2819:2012-11-26
2780:2017-11-17
2742:2017-11-17
2718:References
2607:Lac-Humqui
2542:matapegiag
2485:Goesôpsiag
2480:Causapscal
2476:('river').
2462:Cascapédia
2446:Bouctouche
2413:Placenames
2333:Antigonish
2077:taꞌpugnaꞌq
2071:taꞌpusijik
1999:neꞌwtisgaq
1984:teꞌsisgaꞌq
1972:tapuisgaꞌq
1948:neꞌwtisgaq
1921:pesgunateg
1331:, ⟨
1303:⟩,
1136:word order
1042:/əm.ku.mi/
1003:('loud').
982:toqjuꞌpila
932:/əsxolt͡ʃ/
921:Aspirated
873:Voiceless
856:Allophone
821:obstruents
644:Consonants
494:adjectival
126:Algonquian
5283:Ukrainian
5218:Cantonese
5083:Kwakʼwala
4982:Tuscarora
4949:Iroquoian
4929:Inuktitut
4901:Tsuutʼina
4851:Chipewyan
4846:Chilcotin
4773:Blackfoot
4768:Algonquin
4566:Iroquoian
4519:Atikamekw
4452:languages
4376:indicate
4318:Nansemond
4310:Uncertain
4262:Menominee
4252:Blackfoot
4145:Algonquin
4025:Nanticoke
3971:Delawaran
3881:Atikamekw
3840:East Cree
3784:Arapahoan
3682:773473837
3224:0380-2361
3190:1916-0666
3156:154633673
3140:0008-4239
3035:"asigetg"
2624:Sakpediak
2569:Paspébiac
2491:Gesapsgel
2398:loanwords
2301:ugsꞌtqamu
2295:naꞌguꞌset
2152:Blackbird
1978:nesisgaꞌq
1909:ugumuljin
1681:Pacifique
1071:/mes.tək/
1032:/ək.taːn/
949:/en.mitk/
908:/miːkmax/
865:Phonetic
862:Phonemic
848:aspirated
840:voiceless
829:sonorants
755:Fricative
506:Phonology
390:Mi'kma'ki
276:Glottolog
260:ISO 639-3
242:ISO 639-2
88:Ethnicity
5213:Mandarin
5068:Ditidaht
5060:Wakashan
5050:Thompson
5045:Squamish
5035:shíshálh
5025:Okanagan
5020:Lillooet
4997:Salishan
4972:Onondaga
4906:Tutchone
4861:Gwichʼin
4325:Pamunkey
4257:Cheyenne
4197:Oji-Cree
4172:Chippewa
4114:Kickapoo
4079:Powhatan
4062:Etchemin
3978:Delaware
3630:. 1875.
3148:23320978
3059:"mest'g"
2915:"ennmit"
2751:cite web
2601:Listuguj
2509:Gespedeg
2347:toboggan
2264:and the
2261:wāpiskāw
1975:for 20,
1897:lluigneg
1535:Listuguj
1275:, using
659:Alveolar
496:form is
477:Miꞌkmwei
458:and the
446:, is an
376:Language
345:Help:IPA
283:mikm1235
91:168,420
5358:Mi'kmaq
5248:Italian
5228:Spanish
5223:Punjabi
5147:Tlingit
5142:Kutenai
5132:Beothuk
5040:Shuswap
5030:Saanich
4987:Wyandot
4934:Inupiaq
4896:Tahltan
4841:Carrier
4803:Naskapi
4793:Miꞌkmaq
4763:Abenaki
4733:English
4677:English
4649:Isolate
4579:Wyandot
4374:Italics
4274:Shawnee
4073:Mi'kmaq
4049:Abenaki
4005:Mahican
3891:Naskapi
3792:Arapaho
3583:Sources
3011:"mgumi"
2987:"gta'n"
2644:, from
2630:Shediac
2619:Sayabec
2380:Kaleboo
2371:caribou
2351:caribou
2342:caribou
2200:Abenaki
1954:neꞌwt -
1759:dj tc̡
1608:Lexicon
1128:sapmiꞌk
1113:a moose
1099:a moose
1094:kaqamit
1077:Grammar
1063:, with
1056:asigetg
915:Miꞌkmaq
902:Miꞌkmaq
897:Voiced
884:/tiaːm/
713:Plosive
664:Palatal
529:Central
499:Miꞌkmaw
492:); the
483:Miꞌkmaq
465:Lnuismk
452:Mi'kmaq
386:Country
341:Unicode
296:Mi'kmaq
136:Mi'kmaq
93:Mi'kmaq
22:Mi'kmaq
5243:German
5238:Arabic
5197:Michif
5182:Bungee
5106:Stoney
5098:Siouan
5073:Haisla
4977:Seneca
4967:Oneida
4962:Mohawk
4957:Cayuga
4891:Tagish
4886:Slavey
4881:Sekani
4876:Nicola
4856:Dogrib
4813:Ottawa
4808:Ojibwe
4798:Munsee
4738:French
4574:Mohawk
4476:Míkmaq
4436:French
4366:Pidgin
4362:Creole
4287:Others
4238:Others
4202:Ottawa
4137:Ojibwa
4124:Ojibwa
4042:Others
3983:Munsee
3874:Others
3845:Michif
3690:
3680:
3670:
3646:
3621:
3598:
3501:
3394:
3222:
3188:
3154:
3146:
3138:
2706:Mìgmao
2698:Míkmaw
2690:Míkmaq
2684:Mikmaw
2680:Migmaw
2676:Micmac
2590:Gepèèg
2585:Quebec
2554:pegiag
2521:Gespeg
2473:pegiag
2421:Quoddy
2395:Basque
2362:Qalipu
2356:xalibu
2329:Quebec
2325:Acadia
2240:waapii
2228:wapeꞌt
2196:Munsee
2178:, the
2106:UNESCO
2089:-gnaꞌq
1966:isgaꞌq
1885:asꞌgom
1199:Nemi'k
1191:Nemitu
1082:Syntax
1066:mestꞌg
1034:while
996:gesiga
868:Gloss
844:voiced
827:) and
675:plain
654:Labial
552:short
546:short
540:short
514:Vowels
456:Canada
438:), or
366:People
356:Person
312:UNESCO
215:Canada
192:Canada
68:, the
50:Region
40:Canada
5137:Haida
5125:other
5111:Sioux
5010:Comox
4916:Inuit
4871:Kaska
4548:Inuit
4370:Mixed
4301:Yurok
4295:Wiyot
3996:Unami
3184:(3).
3152:S2CID
3144:JSTOR
2903:(MA).
2662:Notes
2612:amqui
2579:flats
2467:kaska
2433:amqui
2428:Amqui
2317:Chiac
2311:Many
2289:ahkee
2270:waapi
2222:ehpit
2216:eꞌpit
2204:Unami
2083:-ijik
1849:siꞌst
1837:taꞌpu
1795:oo u
1523:uꞌ/ú
1505:oꞌ/ó
1481:iꞌ/í
1475:eꞌ/é
1469:aꞌ/á
1174:Nouns
1118:tia'm
1106:tia'm
1092:tia'm
1047:asige
1037:mgumi
1027:gtaꞌn
926:sqolj
891:moose
878:tia'm
686:Nasal
669:Velar
561:Close
555:long
549:long
543:long
524:Front
489:miꞌkm
121:Algic
78:Maine
4783:Innu
4778:Cree
4511:Cree
4107:Sauk
3921:Loup
3832:Cree
3688:ISBN
3678:OCLC
3668:ISBN
3644:ISBN
3619:ISBN
3596:ISBN
3499:ISBN
3410:2013
3392:ISBN
3220:ISSN
3186:ISSN
3136:ISSN
2757:link
2702:and
2682:and
2548:mata
2488:(or
2345:and
2335:and
2315:and
2283:cone
2257:Cree
2252:wòpe
2246:wôbi
2234:wapi
2202:and
2194:and
2047:and
1960:newt
1873:naꞌn
1861:neꞌw
1825:newt
1813:1–10
1789:d t
1780:b p
1777:o ō
1762:g k
1741:a â
1734:Rand
1279:and
1271:and
1164:aꞌti
1154:kisi
958:mitg
939:frog
679:lab.
622:Open
534:Back
435:-mah
397:The
360:L'nu
4866:Hän
3128:doi
2359:or
2056:jel
2005:jel
1928:10
1792:ŏŏ
1696:tj
1669:u:
1651:o:
1627:i:
1621:e:
1615:a:
1596:uꞌ
1578:oꞌ
1554:iꞌ
1548:eꞌ
1542:aꞌ
1345:IPA
1291:'s
1253:.
1021:umi
1012:aꞌn
972:mit
733:t͡ʃ
590:Mid
474:or
454:in
433:MIG
327:IPA
291:ELP
267:mic
250:mic
5354::
5335:-
3676:.
3640:GB
3638:,
3636:IA
3563:.
3390:,
3386:,
3367:.
3349:.
3331:.
3302:.
3267:.
3241:.
3216:34
3214:.
3210:.
3198:^
3182:39
3180:.
3176:.
3164:^
3150:.
3142:.
3134:.
3124:45
3122:.
3118:.
3106:^
3090:.
3077:^
3061:.
3037:.
3013:.
2989:.
2965:.
2941:.
2917:.
2884:.
2864:^
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