2174:
315:
2823:
1222:
2132:
in the language for children and an improved attachment to their
Indigenous identity. The immersion schools allowed children to learn their mother tongue, which increases the number of fluent speakers while still obtaining the dominant language. Community member educators also participated in a program to obtain a Certificate in Aboriginal Literacy Education that increased their fluency in the language.
2819:
1240:, a script of partially native origin. The Francis-Smith orthography used here was developed in 1974 and was adopted as the official orthography of the Míkmaq Nation in 1980. It is the most widely used orthography and is that used by Nova Scotian Mikmaq and by the Míkmaq Grand Council. It is quite similar to the "Lexicon" orthography, differing from it only in its use of the straight apostrophe
1178:('the two move'). However, these solidly placed elements of verbs are paired with markers that can appear throughout the word, depending again on emphasis; animacy in particular can appear fluidly throughout verbs. In short, while a few specific aspects of Miꞌkmaq can be predicted, its syntax in general is largely free and dependent on context.
2131:
Wagmatcook, Cape Breton, is undergoing significant efforts to revitalize the language. The community created a variety of children's books suited for a range of ages to develop Mi'kmaq language skills as children mature. The use of Mi'kmaq immersion schools in this area also increased the proficiency
2119:
Atlas of the World's
Languages in Danger scale. A level of vulnerable means the language may not be used consistently and instead the dominant language English is opted for. This also means it is still somewhat commonly spoken by younger generations or children of Mi'kmaq people. A lack of fluent
1149:
categories such as SVO or SOV, a more fixed aspect in the language comes in the morphology of its verbs. Certain areas of internal morphology of verbs in Miꞌkmaq have regular placement: for instance, when the aspect of a verb is included, it appears as the first prefix, while the negative marker
1255:
When the
Francis-Smith orthography was first developed, the straight apostrophe (often called a "tick") was the designated symbol for vowel length, but since software applications incorrectly autocorrected the tick to a curly apostrophe, a secondary means of indicating vowel length was formally
2744:"Language Highlight Tables, 2016 Census – Aboriginal mother tongue, Aboriginal language spoken most often at home and Other Aboriginal language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population excluding institutional residents of Canada, provinces and territories, 2016 Census – 100% Data"
2128:. These schools under the notation of assimilation, forced Indigenous children to reject their cultural identity and language. These schools resulted in a significant number of children physically and mentally abused and without the means to speak their mother tongue.
957:
Miꞌkmaq distinguishes between long and short vowels and consonants, the latter indicated in
Listuguj by doubling the consonant. Beyond expanding in length, long consonants add a schwa when they precede other consonants. For instance, compare
2411:
in Miꞌkmaq, presumably because of extensive trade contact between Basque sailors and Native
Americans in the 16th century. The overall friendly exchanges starting in mid-16th century between the Miꞌkmaqs and the
1097:
Miꞌkmaq uses free word order, based on emphasis rather than a traditionally fixed order of subjects, objects and verbs. For instance, the sentence "I saw a moose standing right there on the hill" could be stated
2217:. Beyond having a similar language background and sharing close geographic proximity, the Miꞌkmaq notably held an alliance with four other tribes within the Eastern Algonquian language group known as the
2154:'s Miꞌkmaq Burial Grounds Research and Restoration Association has about forty students in its Miꞌkmaq language revitalization classes, and Miꞌkmaq greetings are becoming more common in public places.
2142:"Parents come to me and say they hear their children in the backseat of the car speaking Miꞌkmaq and they're excited", said the Miꞌkmaq language instructor at Lnu Siꞌpuk Kinaꞌmuokuom Miꞌkmaq school in
1306:, is also given in the table below; this orthography is more complex than the table suggests, particularly as far as vowel quantity and quality is concerned, employing various letters such as ⟨
5378:
4625:
2303:, is animate, a fact used by some scholars to claim that the Wampanoag people were aware of the Earth's rotation around an unmoving Sun; however, in Miꞌkmaq, both the word for 'Sun',
1992:
for 30, etc.) While 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 all use a single word containing a prefix, the tens between 60 and 90 use the numeral as a preceding word to a separate word meaning ten,
2291:. The animacy system in general is common, but the specifics of Miꞌkmaq's system differ even from closely related Algic languages. For instance, in Wampanoag, the word for 'Sun',
2338:; in French-speaking areas, traces of Miꞌkmaq can also be found largely in geographical names within regions historically that were occupied by the Miꞌkmaq people, including
2224:
Miꞌkmaq has many similarities with its fellow
Eastern Algonquian languages, including multiple word cognates: for instance, compare the Miꞌkmaq word for 'woman',
2146:. Miꞌkmaq language courses are mandatory from grades Primary to 12 at the school, which only opened six years ago. Evening classes are starting as of Oct. 2013.
2028:
For numbers beyond 99, Miꞌkmaq uses a pattern similar to that of 60 to 99, with numeral words preceding separate roots that identify higher numbers (such as
3249:
2079:
On top of the basic structure, numbers in Miꞌkmaq must agree with the animacy of whatever they are counting: for instance, when speaking of two people,
2767:
2401:
in pre-colonial Miꞌkmaq society shows that Miꞌkmaq was one of the few Native
American languages to have a writing system before European contact.
1956:. Every multiple-digit number is formed by using one of the first nine numerals as a prefix or a preceding word, as seen in the number for ten,
3666:
Dictionary of the language of the Micmac
Indians, who reside in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Cape Breton and Newfoundland.
4720:
4419:
3433:
2743:
2103:
to denote the counting of inanimate subjects are common, but animacy-marking suffixes are somewhat fluid and vary by number and dialect.
325:
5383:
3768:
2319:, the core concept of animacy is shared across similar languages while the exact connotations animacy has within Miꞌkmaq are unique.
2125:
3275:
2266:
in Unami. Even outside of the
Eastern Algonquian subgroup, there exist similar cognates within the larger Algic family, such as the
3571:
849:
The obstruents have a wide variety of pronunciations. When they are located word-initially or next to another obstruent, they are
5388:
2138:'s Unamaꞌki College specializes "in Miꞌkmaq history, culture and education". As of 2013, "it has some 250 aboriginal students".
3394:
5373:
5347:
3513:
2844:
2511:), meaning 'stony bottom', 'swift water', or 'rocky point', likely referring to the rocky river bed of the Causapscal River.
4460:
17:
2617:
1035:('ice'). However, such clusters are pronounced over separate syllables, with a schwa preceding the cluster; for instance,
821:
805:
347:
3721:
5343:
4713:
4412:
3702:
3682:
3658:
3633:
3610:
3406:
3327:
2606:
2315:, are animate, and parallel cultural knowledge regarding astronomy cannot be gleaned through the language. Much like
441:
2221:: in short, a history of long-term language contact has existed between Miꞌkmaq and its close linguistic relatives.
1150:
always appears directly after the verb root. An example for both of these instances can be seen in the Miꞌkmaq verb
4197:
2398:
2116:
1237:
743:
179:
2019:(meaning 'and' or 'also') and ending with one of the nine numerals: for instance, the number 28 is constructed as
4798:
4481:
4078:
2649:, which means 'running far in' (in reference to the tide, which has a long range over the shallow, sandy beaches)
2198:
337:
2007:
Numbers between the tens are stated by multiple-word phrases, beginning with the ten-based root number, such as
5278:
4846:
3761:
2151:
2472:
260:
5393:
5202:
5182:
4706:
4405:
4256:
4065:
3915:
2538:
2417:
2194:
773:
458:
301:
141:
2781:
2070:
is used between hundreds and tens, or thousands and hundreds: for example, the number 3,452 is written as
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1081:
1071:
1052:
1042:
1001:
987:
973:
959:
942:
918:
894:
843:
835:
644:
639:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
593:
588:
581:
576:
5324:
5088:
4640:
4612:
4278:
4165:
4160:
3950:
3219:"Learning through an Aboriginal Language: The Impact on Students' English and Aboriginal Language Skills"
1303:
3550:
3481:
2435:, a word used by the natives to designate a fertile area like Passamaquoddy, Shubenacadie and Tracadie.
2330:
words are rooted in the Miꞌkmaq language, due to the
Acadians and Miꞌkmaq living together prior to the
812:
736:
729:
3529:
1136:, has verbs which usually contain the sentence's subject and object: for instance, the aforementioned
4748:
4360:
3736:
3446:
2413:
2347:
2331:
1126:/on the hill/right-there/he was standing); the latter sentence puts emphasis on the moose by placing
782:
2197:
spoken largely along the Atlantic coast. It is closely related to several extant languages, such as
4192:
3754:
2350:. Moreover, several Miꞌkmaq words have made their way into colonizing languages: the English words
2190:
2162:
1236:
based on ones devised by missionaries in the 19th century. Previously, the language was written in
2949:
5162:
5098:
4217:
4187:
4177:
3957:
3731:
2868:
2352:
2343:
2276:
1226:
750:
4856:
2420:
with a strong Miꞌkmaq imprint, which was recorded to be still in use in the early 18th century.
5330:
5309:
5045:
4620:
3822:
2135:
2112:
1953:
1133:
3964:
3937:
3605:
Nouvelle-York, Presse Cramoisy de J.M. Shea. Reprinted 2007: Toronto: Global Language Press,
3503:
2973:
2202:
2158:
797:
709:
702:
92:
80:
4911:
473:; the total ethnic Mi'kmaq population is roughly 20,000. The native name of the language is
5314:
5126:
5015:
4838:
4803:
4765:
4630:
4471:
4353:
3870:
3865:
3816:
3785:
3069:
2218:
2052:. The exceptions to that pattern are the numbers 100 and 1,000, which are simply the roots
1194:
236:
136:
72:
5368:
4871:
3045:
2997:
2193:, and the northeastern coast of North America. Within this family, Miꞌkmaq is part of the
1267:
In Listuguj orthography, an apostrophe marks long vowels as well as schwa, and the letter
8:
5319:
5283:
4959:
4828:
4729:
4667:
4576:
4428:
4235:
4227:
4202:
4138:
4042:
3943:
3860:
3808:
3794:
3218:
3098:
2925:
2173:
858:
765:
3665:
3617:
3021:
2893:"Mi'kmaq Language and the Mi'kmaq Indian Tribe (Micmac Indians, Mikmaq, Míkmaq, Mikmak)"
857:, and appear as . When the plosives and affricate are located word-finally, they may be
5293:
5228:
5070:
5007:
4992:
4861:
4783:
4778:
4529:
4511:
4328:
4272:
4262:
4155:
4035:
3988:
3891:
3646:
3638:
3162:
3154:
2385:
2316:
1295:
669:
2514:
293:
76:
5273:
5223:
5078:
5060:
5055:
5035:
5030:
4982:
4916:
4335:
4267:
4207:
4182:
4171:
4124:
4089:
4072:
3698:
3688:
3678:
3654:
3629:
3606:
3601:
3509:
3402:
3230:
3196:
3166:
3146:
2805:
2761:
2573:
2121:
854:
723:
674:
3412:
2665:
A 2012 book, by the Miꞌkmaq linguist Bernie Francis and anthropologist Trudy Sable,
343:
5268:
5258:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5157:
5152:
5142:
5108:
5050:
4997:
4944:
4906:
4851:
4813:
4773:
4743:
4687:
4659:
4589:
4506:
4284:
4059:
4015:
3971:
3901:
3802:
3599:
Maillard, M. l'abbé, redigée et mise en ordre par Joseph M. Bellenger, ptre. 1864.
3310:
3138:
2450:
2210:
664:
415:
84:
2526:
1064:('instigate') are pronounced over a single syllable: compare the pronunciation of
5263:
5253:
5248:
5207:
5116:
5083:
5040:
4987:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4926:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4866:
4818:
4808:
4584:
4558:
4496:
4372:
4147:
4134:
3999:
3993:
3777:
3650:
3628:
Sainte-Anne de Restigouche, P.Q. Reprinted 2007: Toronto: Global Language Press,
2848:
2569:
2405:
2206:
2182:
2143:
696:
679:
600:
400:
131:
123:
4876:
3741:
306:
5197:
5147:
5121:
5020:
4881:
4823:
4388:
4380:
4311:
4305:
4212:
4006:
3376:"toboggan | Origin and meaning of toboggan by Online Etymology Dictionary"
3276:"Miꞌkmaq is making a comeback in a Nova Scotia community – Politics – CBC News"
2377:
2323:
2214:
2186:
1168:
marks the verb as being in the completive aspect, whereas the negative marker,
162:
3298:
3217:
Usborne, Esther; Peck, Josephine; Smith, Donna-Lee; Taylor, Donald M. (2011).
3142:
1017:
Listuguj orthography occasionally begins words with consonant clusters, as in
5362:
5187:
4793:
4788:
4603:
4544:
4521:
4446:
4117:
3931:
3842:
3833:
3726:
3692:
3467:
3358:"caribou | Origin and meaning of caribou by Online Etymology Dictionary"
3234:
3200:
3150:
3131:
Canadian Journal of Political Science / Revue canadienne de science politique
2892:
2267:
2165:" in the language to raise awareness and help in its revitalization efforts.
850:
789:
757:
689:
539:
470:
231:
68:
54:
3669:
Halifax: Nova Scotia Printing Company. Reprinted 1994: New Delhi & Madra
5288:
5192:
4949:
4112:
4104:
3375:
3340:"quebec | Origin and meaning of quebec by Online Etymology Dictionary"
2652:
1299:
1233:
172:
5093:
3357:
3184:
2579:
2287:
Like many Native American languages, Miꞌkmaq uses a classifying system of
2064:, respectively. Similarly to digits between the tens, the connecting word
277:
4934:
3339:
3250:"Efforts gain strength across N.S. to ensure future for Miꞌkmaq language"
3189:
McGill Journal of Education / Revue des sciences de l'éducation de McGill
3185:"WKSITNUOW WEJKWAPNIAQEWA – MI'KMAQ: A VOICE FROM THE PEOPLE OF THE Dawn"
2595:
1294:
for these. It also ignores vowel length. The 19th-century orthography of
861:
and appear as . An example of each kind of pronunciation is given below.
571:
534:
208:
64:
3158:
3126:
5025:
3896:
3875:
2490:
2456:
2185:, a family that once spanned from a small portion of California across
1146:
632:
544:
462:
380:
370:
103:
4698:
4397:
4939:
4566:
4534:
3850:
2124:
performed by the Canadian government through the introduction of the
831:
504:
286:
270:
252:
2669:"examines the relationship between Miꞌkmaq language and landscape."
2243:
2231:
314:
3626:
Leçons grammaticales théoriques et pratiques de la langue micmaque.
2408:
839:
355:
3746:
1197:. The verbs change depending on the noun's animacy. For example:
4539:
3468:"Aroostook | county, Maine, United States | Britannica"
2640:
2629:
2589:
2288:
2073:
siꞌst pituimtlnaqn jel neꞌw gasgꞌptnnaqan jel naꞌnisgaq jel taꞌpu
1221:
1190:
1145:
While it is thus difficult to classify Miꞌkmaq under traditional
351:
3716:
3127:"The Genocide Question and Indian Residential Schools in Canada"
2782:"Detailed Languages Spoken at Home and Ability to Speak English"
2394:
as 'caribou' in his Miꞌkmaq-English dictionary (Rand 1888:98).
1260:
for schwa is sometimes replaced by the more common circumflex-i
4376:
3855:
3223:
Canadian Journal of Education / Revue canadienne de l'éducation
2806:"Legislation Enshrines Mi'kmaw as Nova Scotia's First Language"
2339:
2335:
2106:
466:
322:
225:
202:
50:
2878:
2876:
2438:
2327:
853:. However, when they are located between sonorants, they are
433:
88:
5379:
Indigenous languages of the North American eastern woodlands
2279:
2873:
2742:
Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics (2 August 2017).
2572:
that crosses the town just before its confluence with the
2097:
to denote the counting of animate subjects and the suffix
354:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
3328:
Boston Review: Touching Their Ancestors' Hands, 'Animacy'
2583:
2563:
2551:
2482:
2476:
2237:
2225:
427:
424:
3501:
2298:
2292:
3216:
2236:, or the varying related words for the color 'white':
830:
The sounds of Mi'kmaq can be divided into two groups:
3653:). Reprinted 2006: Vancouver: Global Language Press,
2685:
Miꞌkmaq has historically been spelled and pronounced
2661:, which means 'barred across the entrance with sand'.
2085:
is used, as opposed to the number used for two days,
2040:
meaning 'thousand'); for instance, 300 is written as
1055:. On the other hand, word-final clusters, such as in
442:
2912:
Some Aspects of the Phonology of Newfoundland Micmac
2255:
2249:
3432:Bakker, P. (1989). Two Basque Loanwords in Micmac.
2380:in his publication in French in 1610 used the term
1162:), translated as 'they cannot get out': the prefix
430:
421:
418:
2845:"Indigenous Languages Spoken in the United States"
2270:
1132:('moose') earlier in the utterance. Miꞌkmaq, as a
521:The phonemic inventory of Mi'kmaq is shown below.
3732:Chris Harvey's page on Míkmawísimk (Languagegeek)
3099:"UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger"
2882:Micmac Teaching Grammar. Delisle / Metallic 1976.
2715:
2707:
2699:
2656:
2644:
2633:
2621:
2610:
2599:
2557:
2542:
2530:
2518:
2506:
2500:
2494:
2460:
2442:
2430:
2389:
2371:
2365:
2310:
2304:
2098:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2071:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2020:
2014:
2008:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1942:
1930:
1918:
1906:
1894:
1882:
1870:
1858:
1846:
1834:
1208:
1200:
1173:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1137:
1127:
1113:
1099:
1075:
1065:
1056:
1046:
1036:
1027:
1018:
1005:
991:
977:
963:
935:
911:
887:
508:
498:
492:
486:
480:
474:
451:
177:
116:7,140, 4% of ethnic population (2016 census)
38:
5360:
3742:OLAC resources in and about the Miꞌkmaq language
3615:Delisle, Gilles L.; Metallic, Emmanuel L. 1976.
3183:Smith, Donna-Lee; Peck, Josephine (2004-09-01).
2168:
2161:, recorded a cover version of the Beatles song "
497:is a plural word meaning 'my friends' (singular
27:Eastern Algonquian language of Canada and the US
3124:
3553:(in French). Commission de toponymie du Québec
3532:(in French). Commission de toponymie du Québec
3484:(in French). Commission de toponymie du Québec
3449:(in French). Commission de toponymie du Québec
2679:
2453:, from Mi'kmaq meaning 'beautiful/clear water'
4714:
4413:
3762:
3621:La Macaza, Quebec: Manitou Community College.
3618:Micmac Teaching Grammar. Preliminary version.
3434:International Journal of American Linguistics
2416:provided the basis for the development of an
1278:The 19th-century Pacifique orthography omits
3677:. Sydney, NS: Cape Breton University Press.
3495:
3125:MacDonald, David B.; Hudson, Graham (2012).
2766:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2177:Bible translations into the Miꞌkmaq language
2107:Language revitalization efforts and teaching
3508:. University of Toronto Press. p. 91.
2689:in English. Contemporary spellings include
2364:was probably derived from the Miꞌkmaq word
2261:
1108:" (I saw him/there/on the hill/right-there/
321:Mi'kmaq is classified as Vulnerable by the
4721:
4707:
4420:
4406:
3769:
3755:
3643:First reading book in the Micmac language.
2297:, is inanimate, but the word for 'Earth',
1980:, meaning ten (the pattern can be seen in
313:
3182:
2903:
2342:and several towns in Nova Scotia such as
2126:Canadian Indian residential school system
1256:accepted, the acute accent. The barred-i
1181:Mi'kmaq verbs are also marked for tense.
3436:Vol. 55, No. 2 (Apr., 1989), pp. 258–261
3392:
3368:
3303:
2837:
2172:
1735:
1721:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1220:
326:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
4728:
4427:
3645:Halifax: Nova Scotia Printing Company (
3350:
3321:
3247:
3241:
2157:In 2021, Emma Stevens, a member of the
1172:, appears directly after the verb root
348:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
14:
5361:
3332:
3273:
2741:
2360:are borrowings from Miꞌkmaq. The name
4702:
4401:
3750:
3722:Internet Archive of "Míkmaq Language"
3672:
3212:
3210:
3178:
3176:
3120:
3118:
3093:
3091:
3089:
2909:
2812:
2667:The Language of this Land, Miꞌkmaꞌki,
2404:Linguist Peter Bakker identified two
1232:Miꞌkmaq is written using a number of
3675:The language of this land, Miꞌkmaꞌki
3311:"Algonkian/Algonquian Words (Algic)"
3776:
3386:
2025:, or literally 'twenty and eight'.
24:
4626:Pro-Tactile American Sign Language
3207:
3173:
3115:
3086:
2869:Chris Harvey's page on Míkmawísimk
2556:('river junction', from the parts
2209:as well as extinct languages like
25:
5405:
5384:First Nations languages in Canada
3717:Miꞌkmaq Online Talking Dictionary
3710:
3502:William Baillie Hamilton (1996).
2469:) meaning 'great little harbour'
2111:The Mi'kmaq language possesses a
1998:: for instance, 60 is written as
1216:
1193:. This is a common feature among
820:
811:
804:
788:
781:
772:
756:
749:
742:
735:
728:
708:
701:
461:language spoken by nearly 11,000
3602:Grammaire de la langue mikmaque.
3393:Kavanagh, Maureen, ed. (2005) ,
2626:(place of amusement or pleasure)
2447:(place of amusement or pleasure)
2334:and the British colonization of
1818:
414:
3727:Native Languages page on Míkmaq
3697:s: Asian Educational Services,
3564:
3543:
3522:
3474:
3460:
3439:
3426:
3292:
3267:
3062:
3038:
3014:
2990:
2966:
2942:
2918:
2120:Mi'kmaq speakers is due to the
5389:Languages of the United States
3505:Place Names of Atlantic Canada
2885:
2862:
2798:
2774:
2735:
2289:animate versus inanimate words
2115:level of vulnerable under the
1962:, a combination of the prefix
1271:is used instead of the letter
1225:Miꞌkmaq-language stop sign in
13:
1:
3248:Beswick, Truro (2013-10-16).
2728:
2429:Placenames ending in Miꞌkmaq
2423:
2169:History and related languages
2152:Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia
1101:sapmiꞌk ala nemaqtꞌk na tett
654:
491:(in some dialects). The word
5374:Eastern Algonquian languages
5203:Labrador Inuit Pidgin French
4621:American Sign Language (ASL)
3399:Canadian Wildlife Service/EC
3274:Myslik, Jaime (2014-03-25).
2584:
2568:('river'), referring to the
2564:
2552:
2539:Kouchibouguac, New Brunswick
2483:
2477:
2388:translated the Miꞌkmaq word
2376:meaning 'the one who paws'.
2309:, and the word for 'Earth',
2299:
2293:
2280:
2250:
2244:
2238:
2232:
2226:
2046:, while 2,000 is written as
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1738:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1238:Miꞌkmaq hieroglyphic writing
1189:Nouns in Mi'kmaq are either
516:
7:
5325:Plains Indian Sign Language
4567:Nunavimmiutitut (ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥᐅᑎᑐᑦ)
4383:language •
3972:Quiripi–Naugatuck–Unquachog
3951:Massachusett Pidgin English
3663:Rand, Silas Tertius. 1888.
2271:
2195:Eastern Algonquian subgroup
1205:– 'I see (inanimate noun)'
1142:translates to 'I saw him'.
10:
5410:
5176:Pidgins, creoles and mixed
3593:
3530:"Matapédia (Municipalité)"
2910:Bragg, Russell A. (1976).
2523:('land recently acquired')
2397:The aforementioned use of
1087:
5340:
5302:
5216:
5175:
5135:
5107:
5069:
5006:
4958:
4925:
4837:
4764:
4757:
4736:
4680:
4658:
4648:Anishinaabe Sign Language
4639:
4611:
4602:
4575:
4557:
4535:Īyiyū Ayimūn / Īnū Ayimūn
4520:
4495:
4470:
4459:
4442:
4435:
4370:
4345:
4320:
4297:
4248:
4226:
4146:
4133:
4103:
4052:
4025:
3981:
3923:
3914:
3884:
3841:
3832:
3793:
3784:
3143:10.1017/S000842391200039X
2332:Expulsion of the Acadians
1213:– 'I see (animate noun)'
1092:
1004:, written in Listuguj as
990:, written in Listuguj as
976:, written in Listuguj as
962:, written in Listuguj as
678:
673:
668:
663:
661:
648:
636:
614:
585:
543:
538:
533:
531:
524:
396:
386:
376:
366:
334:
312:
300:
284:
268:
250:
245:
216:
198:Official language in
196:
191:
159:
120:
110:
98:
60:
46:
37:
32:
5183:Algonquian–Basque pidgin
4540:iyuw iyimuun (ᐃᔪᐤ ᐃᔨᒧᐅᓐ)
4257:Algonquian–Basque pidgin
4198:North of Superior Ojibwa
3315:www.native-languages.org
3280:CBC News : Politics
2897:www.native-languages.org
2820:"Statistics Canada 2006"
2672:
2550:Matapédia, from Miꞌkmaq
2418:Algonquian–Basque pidgin
2191:Midwestern United States
2034:, meaning 'hundred', or
2022:tapuisgaꞌq jel ugumuljin
1298:, using characters from
1184:
1119:nemaqtꞌk na tett kaqamit
4105:Mesquakie–Sauk–Kickapoo
3834:Cree–Montagnais–Naskapi
3737:How to count in Miꞌkmaq
3624:Pacifique, Père. 1939.
2716:
2708:
2700:
2657:
2645:
2634:
2622:
2611:
2600:
2558:
2547:('river of long tides')
2543:
2531:
2519:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2461:
2443:
2431:
2390:
2372:
2366:
2311:
2305:
2262:
2256:
2099:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2072:
2066:
2060:
2054:
2048:
2042:
2036:
2030:
2021:
2015:
2009:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1964:
1958:
1943:
1931:
1919:
1907:
1895:
1883:
1871:
1859:
1847:
1835:
1823:
1227:Elsipogtog First Nation
1209:
1201:
1174:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1138:
1128:
1114:
1100:
1076:
1066:
1057:
1047:
1037:
1028:
1019:
1006:
992:
978:
964:
936:
912:
888:
509:
499:
493:
487:
481:
475:
452:
178:
39:
5348:Canadian dictionaries
5331:Maritime Sign Language
5310:American Sign Language
4799:Malecite-Passamaquoddy
4482:Malecite-Passamaquoddy
4079:Maliseet–Passamaquoddy
3395:"Hinterland Who's Who"
2199:Malecite-Passamaquoddy
2181:Miꞌkmaq is one of the
2178:
2148:
2136:Cape Breton University
2113:degree of endangerment
1954:decimal numeral system
1350:Miꞌkmaq orthographies
1252:to mark vowel length.
1229:
1134:polysynthetic language
1112:/he was standing) or "
336:This article contains
81:island of Newfoundland
5344:Canadian style guides
3673:Sable, Trudy (2012).
2176:
2159:Eskasoni First Nation
2140:
1248:instead of the colon
1224:
836:/p,t,k,kʷ,t͡ʃ,s,x,xʷ/
93:Boston, Massachusetts
5315:Quebec Sign Language
4758:Indigenous languages
4631:Quebec Sign Language
3924:Southern New England
3482:"Causapscal (Ville)"
3254:The Chronicle Herald
3074:www.mikmaqonline.org
3050:www.mikmaqonline.org
3026:www.mikmaqonline.org
3002:www.mikmaqonline.org
2978:www.mikmaqonline.org
2954:www.mikmaqonline.org
2930:www.mikmaqonline.org
2399:hieroglyphic writing
2219:Wabanaki Confederacy
1195:Algonquian languages
1191:animate or inanimate
1159:kisi-paw-natq-aꞌti-w
986:('stick into'); or,
237:Prince Edward Island
73:Prince Edward Island
5394:Lexis (linguistics)
5284:Pennsylvania German
4730:Languages of Canada
4681:Immigrant languages
4429:Languages of Quebec
4203:Northwestern Ojibwa
4166:Border Lakes Ojibwa
4161:Berens River Ojibwa
4066:Carolina Algonquian
3944:Massachusett Pidgin
3639:Rand, Silas Tertius
3572:"Book launch today"
3551:"Paspébiac (Ville)"
3415:on 24 December 2013
2748:www12.statcan.gc.ca
2043:siꞌst gasgꞌptnnaqan
1351:
1304:Phonotypic Alphabet
1122:" (I saw him/there/
988:/tox.tʃu.pi.la.wek/
972:('flow away') with
218:Recognised minority
5320:Inuk Sign Language
5279:Newfoundland Irish
5244:Tagalog (Filipino)
5217:Minority languages
5089:Heiltsuk-Oowekyala
4847:Babine-Witsuwitʼen
4737:Official languages
4668:Inuk Sign Language
4651:Cree Sign Language
3916:Eastern Algonquian
3380:www.etymonline.com
3362:www.etymonline.com
3344:www.etymonline.com
2386:Silas Tertius Rand
2317:grammatical gender
2230:, to the Maliseet
2179:
2049:taꞌpu pituimtlnaqn
1349:
1336:⟨ɹ́⟩
1332:⟨ɹ̇⟩
1328:⟨ɯ́⟩
1320:⟨ɛ́⟩
1310:⟩, ⟨
1296:Silas Tertius Rand
1230:
846:and all vowels).
459:Eastern Algonquian
142:Eastern Algonquian
5356:
5355:
5274:Doukhobor Russian
5171:
5170:
4696:
4695:
4676:
4675:
4598:
4597:
4553:
4552:
4507:Wôbanakiôdwawôgan
4497:Anishinaabemowin
4455:
4454:
4436:Official language
4395:
4394:
4389:extinct languages
4293:
4292:
4244:
4243:
4172:Broken Oghibbeway
4099:
4098:
3910:
3909:
3515:978-0-8020-7570-3
2588:, meaning 'split
2574:Restigouche River
2562:('junction') and
2150:Also as of 2013,
2122:cultural genocide
2001:asꞌgom teꞌsisgaꞌq
1950:
1949:
1816:
1815:
1340:⟨ơ⟩
1324:⟨ɯ⟩
1316:⟨ɛ⟩
1292:⟨i⟩
1288:⟨o⟩
1284:⟨y⟩
1280:⟨w⟩
1273:⟨k⟩
1269:⟨g⟩
1262:⟨î⟩
1258:⟨ɨ⟩
1250:⟨:⟩
1246:⟨´⟩
1242:⟨ꞌ⟩
1153:kisipawnatqaꞌtiꞌw
955:
954:
828:
827:
652:
651:
406:
405:
362:
361:
344:rendering support
340:phonetic symbols.
16:(Redirected from
5401:
5269:Hutterite German
4762:
4761:
4723:
4716:
4709:
4700:
4699:
4641:Plains Sign Talk
4609:
4608:
4604:Manual languages
4493:
4492:
4468:
4467:
4461:Oral Indigenous
4440:
4439:
4422:
4415:
4408:
4399:
4398:
4361:Proto-Algonquian
4193:Nipissing Ojibwa
4144:
4143:
3921:
3920:
3839:
3838:
3791:
3790:
3771:
3764:
3757:
3748:
3747:
3696:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3576:Cape Breton Post
3568:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3526:
3520:
3519:
3499:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3478:
3472:
3471:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3443:
3437:
3430:
3424:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3411:, archived from
3390:
3384:
3383:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3336:
3330:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3307:
3301:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3214:
3205:
3204:
3180:
3171:
3170:
3122:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3095:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2889:
2883:
2880:
2871:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2847:. Archived from
2841:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2822:. Archived from
2816:
2810:
2809:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2765:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2739:
2722:
2719:
2711:
2703:
2697:in English, and
2683:
2660:
2648:
2637:
2625:
2614:
2603:
2587:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2546:
2534:
2522:
2510:
2504:
2498:
2486:
2480:
2464:
2451:Aroostook County
2446:
2434:
2393:
2375:
2369:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2283:
2274:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2247:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2024:
2018:
2012:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1946:
1934:
1922:
1910:
1898:
1886:
1874:
1862:
1850:
1838:
1828:
1827:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1274:
1270:
1263:
1259:
1251:
1247:
1244:or acute accent
1243:
1212:
1204:
1177:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1141:
1131:
1121:
1107:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1069:
1063:
1054:
1050:
1044:
1040:
1034:
1025:
1013:
1003:
1000:('hoist'), with
999:
989:
985:
975:
971:
961:
944:
939:
920:
915:
896:
891:
864:
863:
845:
837:
824:
815:
808:
792:
785:
776:
760:
753:
746:
739:
732:
712:
705:
659:
658:
646:
641:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
595:
590:
583:
578:
529:
528:
512:
502:
496:
490:
484:
478:
455:
445:
440:
439:
436:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
420:
410:Mi'kmaq language
364:
363:
328:
317:
296:
280:
273:
264:
263:
255:
220:language in
183:
165:
126:
85:Anticosti Island
42:
30:
29:
21:
18:Miꞌkmaq language
5409:
5408:
5404:
5403:
5402:
5400:
5399:
5398:
5359:
5358:
5357:
5352:
5336:
5298:
5264:Canadian Gaelic
5212:
5167:
5163:Coast Tsimshian
5131:
5103:
5065:
5002:
4954:
4921:
4833:
4753:
4732:
4727:
4697:
4692:
4672:
4654:
4635:
4594:
4571:
4549:
4516:
4498:
4491:
4462:
4451:
4431:
4426:
4396:
4391:
4366:
4346:Proto-languages
4341:
4316:
4289:
4240:
4222:
4129:
4095:
4048:
4021:
4000:Pidgin Delaware
3977:
3906:
3880:
3828:
3780:
3778:Algic languages
3775:
3713:
3685:
3596:
3591:
3590:
3581:
3579:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3556:
3554:
3549:
3548:
3544:
3535:
3533:
3528:
3527:
3523:
3516:
3500:
3496:
3487:
3485:
3480:
3479:
3475:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3452:
3450:
3447:"Amqui (ville)"
3445:
3444:
3440:
3431:
3427:
3418:
3416:
3409:
3391:
3387:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3326:
3322:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3297:
3293:
3284:
3282:
3272:
3268:
3259:
3257:
3246:
3242:
3215:
3208:
3181:
3174:
3123:
3116:
3107:
3105:
3097:
3096:
3087:
3078:
3076:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3054:
3052:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3030:
3028:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3006:
3004:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2982:
2980:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2958:
2956:
2950:"toqju'pilaweg"
2948:
2947:
2943:
2934:
2932:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2908:
2904:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2881:
2874:
2867:
2863:
2854:
2852:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2829:
2827:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2790:
2788:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2759:
2758:
2752:
2750:
2740:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2725:
2684:
2680:
2675:
2643:, from Miꞌkmaq
2632:, from Miꞌkmaq
2620:, from Miꞌkmaq
2609:, from Miꞌkmaq
2598:, from Miꞌkmaq
2585:papgeg ipsigiag
2582:, from Miꞌkmaq
2570:Matapedia River
2541:, from Miꞌkmaq
2517:, from Miꞌkmaq
2515:Gaspé Peninsula
2493:, from Miꞌkmaq
2475:, from Miꞌkmaq
2459:, from Mi'kmaq
2441:, from Miꞌkmaq
2426:
2260:in Abenaki and
2183:Algic languages
2171:
2109:
1974:) and the root
1952:Miꞌkmaq uses a
1826:
1821:
1346:⟩, etc.
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1272:
1268:
1261:
1257:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1234:Latin alphabets
1219:
1187:
1095:
1090:
1002:/ke.si.kaw.wek/
657:
527:
519:
443:
417:
413:
381:Lnu'k (Mi'kmaq)
342:Without proper
330:
329:
320:
292:
276:
269:
259:
258:
251:
241:
228:
221:
219:
205:
199:
192:Official status
187:
180:Gomgwejui'gasit
166:
161:
155:
127:
124:Language family
122:
113:
112:Native speakers
77:Gaspé Peninsula
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5407:
5397:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5354:
5353:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5335:
5334:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5306:
5304:
5303:Sign languages
5300:
5299:
5297:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5220:
5218:
5214:
5213:
5211:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5198:Chinook Jargon
5195:
5190:
5185:
5179:
5177:
5173:
5172:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5139:
5137:
5133:
5132:
5130:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5113:
5111:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5101:
5099:Nuu-chah-nulth
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5075:
5073:
5067:
5066:
5064:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5012:
5010:
5004:
5003:
5001:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4964:
4962:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4931:
4929:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4843:
4841:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4770:
4768:
4759:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4751:
4746:
4740:
4738:
4734:
4733:
4726:
4725:
4718:
4711:
4703:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4690:
4684:
4682:
4678:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4670:
4664:
4662:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4649:
4645:
4643:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4617:
4615:
4606:
4600:
4599:
4596:
4595:
4593:
4592:
4587:
4581:
4579:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4569:
4563:
4561:
4555:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4526:
4524:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4512:Anicinâbemowin
4509:
4503:
4501:
4490:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4465:
4457:
4456:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4443:
4437:
4433:
4432:
4425:
4424:
4417:
4410:
4402:
4393:
4392:
4371:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4357:
4349:
4347:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4339:
4332:
4324:
4322:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4309:
4301:
4299:
4295:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4287:
4282:
4279:Miami–Illinois
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4252:
4250:
4246:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4238:
4232:
4230:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4220:
4218:Western Ojibwa
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4188:Eastern Ojibwa
4185:
4180:
4178:Central Ojibwa
4175:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4152:
4150:
4141:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4122:
4121:
4120:
4113:Mesquakie–Sauk
4109:
4107:
4101:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4069:
4062:
4056:
4054:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4039:
4031:
4029:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4012:
4011:
4010:
4003:
3996:
3985:
3983:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3975:
3968:
3961:
3958:Mohegan–Pequot
3954:
3947:
3940:
3935:
3927:
3925:
3918:
3912:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3847:
3845:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3819:
3814:
3813:
3812:
3799:
3797:
3788:
3782:
3781:
3774:
3773:
3766:
3759:
3751:
3745:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3712:
3711:External links
3709:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3683:
3670:
3661:
3636:
3622:
3613:
3595:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3563:
3542:
3521:
3514:
3494:
3473:
3459:
3438:
3425:
3407:
3385:
3367:
3349:
3331:
3320:
3302:
3291:
3266:
3240:
3229:(4): 200–215.
3206:
3172:
3137:(2): 427–449.
3114:
3103:www.unesco.org
3085:
3061:
3037:
3013:
2989:
2965:
2941:
2917:
2902:
2884:
2872:
2861:
2836:
2811:
2808:. 11 May 2018.
2797:
2786:www.census.gov
2773:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2663:
2662:
2650:
2638:
2627:
2615:
2604:
2593:
2592:' or 'lagoon'.
2577:
2548:
2536:
2535:('land's end')
2524:
2512:
2488:
2481:('broad') and
2470:
2454:
2448:
2436:
2425:
2422:
2414:Basque whalers
2378:Marc Lescarbot
2324:Acadian French
2277:Miami-Illinois
2187:Central Canada
2170:
2167:
2108:
2105:
2013:, followed by
1968:(derived from
1948:
1947:
1940:
1936:
1935:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1904:
1900:
1899:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1844:
1840:
1839:
1832:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1218:
1217:Writing system
1215:
1186:
1183:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1051:is pronounced
1041:is pronounced
1026:('ocean') and
953:
952:
947:
945:
940:
933:
929:
928:
923:
921:
916:
909:
905:
904:
899:
897:
892:
885:
881:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
826:
825:
818:
816:
809:
802:
800:
794:
793:
786:
779:
777:
770:
768:
762:
761:
754:
747:
740:
733:
726:
720:
719:
717:
715:
713:
706:
699:
693:
692:
687:
683:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
656:
653:
650:
649:
647:
642:
637:
635:
629:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
597:
596:
591:
586:
584:
579:
574:
568:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
548:
547:
542:
537:
532:
526:
523:
518:
515:
404:
403:
398:
394:
393:
388:
384:
383:
378:
374:
373:
368:
360:
359:
346:, you may see
332:
331:
319:
318:
310:
309:
304:
298:
297:
290:
282:
281:
274:
266:
265:
256:
248:
247:
246:Language codes
243:
242:
240:
239:
234:
224:
222:
217:
214:
213:
212:
211:
200:
197:
194:
193:
189:
188:
186:
185:
184:(historically)
175:
169:
167:
163:Writing system
160:
157:
156:
154:
153:
152:
151:
150:
149:
130:
128:
121:
118:
117:
114:
111:
108:
107:
100:
96:
95:
62:
58:
57:
48:
47:Native to
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5406:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5366:
5364:
5351:
5349:
5345:
5339:
5333:
5332:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5307:
5305:
5301:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5221:
5219:
5215:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5188:Broken Slavey
5186:
5184:
5181:
5180:
5178:
5174:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5134:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5110:
5106:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5074:
5072:
5068:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5009:
5005:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4965:
4963:
4961:
4957:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4928:
4924:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4840:
4836:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4767:
4763:
4760:
4756:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4735:
4731:
4724:
4719:
4717:
4712:
4710:
4705:
4704:
4701:
4689:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4679:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4661:
4657:
4650:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4642:
4638:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4614:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4601:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4578:
4574:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4560:
4556:
4546:
4543:
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4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4523:
4519:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4500:
4494:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4473:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4458:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4441:
4438:
4434:
4430:
4423:
4418:
4416:
4411:
4409:
4404:
4403:
4400:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4374:
4369:
4363:
4362:
4358:
4356:
4355:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4344:
4338:
4337:
4333:
4331:
4330:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4319:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4307:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4296:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4280:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4247:
4237:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4225:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4149:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4126:
4123:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4106:
4102:
4092:
4091:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4068:
4067:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4051:
4045:
4044:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4018:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4008:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3980:
3974:
3973:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3955:
3953:
3952:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3922:
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3913:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3889:
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3883:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
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3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3831:
3825:
3824:
3823:Nawathinehena
3820:
3818:
3815:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3772:
3767:
3765:
3760:
3758:
3753:
3752:
3749:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3706:
3704:
3703:81-206-0954-9
3700:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3684:9781897009499
3680:
3676:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3662:
3660:
3659:0-9738924-8-X
3656:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3634:1-897367-15-5
3631:
3627:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3614:
3612:
3611:1-897367-14-7
3608:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3597:
3577:
3573:
3567:
3552:
3546:
3531:
3525:
3517:
3511:
3507:
3506:
3498:
3483:
3477:
3469:
3463:
3448:
3442:
3435:
3429:
3414:
3410:
3408:0-662-39659-6
3404:
3400:
3396:
3389:
3381:
3377:
3371:
3363:
3359:
3353:
3345:
3341:
3335:
3329:
3324:
3316:
3312:
3306:
3300:
3295:
3281:
3277:
3270:
3256:. Halifax, NS
3255:
3251:
3244:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3213:
3211:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3179:
3177:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3121:
3119:
3104:
3100:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3075:
3071:
3065:
3051:
3047:
3041:
3027:
3023:
3017:
3003:
2999:
2993:
2979:
2975:
2969:
2955:
2951:
2945:
2931:
2927:
2921:
2913:
2906:
2898:
2894:
2888:
2879:
2877:
2870:
2865:
2851:on 2017-07-23
2850:
2846:
2840:
2826:on 2018-12-25
2825:
2821:
2815:
2807:
2801:
2787:
2783:
2777:
2769:
2763:
2749:
2745:
2738:
2734:
2720:
2718:
2712:
2710:
2704:
2702:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2682:
2678:
2670:
2668:
2659:
2654:
2651:
2647:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2631:
2628:
2624:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2566:
2560:
2554:
2549:
2545:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2528:
2527:Gaspé, Quebec
2525:
2521:
2516:
2513:
2509:
2503:
2497:
2492:
2489:
2485:
2479:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2445:
2440:
2437:
2433:
2428:
2427:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2410:
2407:
2402:
2400:
2395:
2392:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2374:
2368:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2320:
2318:
2313:
2307:
2301:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2273:
2269:
2264:
2258:
2252:
2248:in Maliseet,
2246:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2175:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2155:
2153:
2147:
2145:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2118:
2114:
2104:
2101:
2095:
2091:. The suffix
2089:
2083:
2077:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2055:gasgꞌptnnaqan
2050:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2031:gasgꞌptnnaqan
2026:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2005:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1955:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1819:Number system
1746:
1743:
1742:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1474:
1473:Francis-Smith
1471:
1470:
1357:
1353:
1347:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1276:
1265:
1253:
1239:
1235:
1228:
1223:
1214:
1211:
1206:
1203:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1143:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1118:
1111:
1106:
1104:
1085:
1078:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1049:
1039:
1033:
1031:
1024:
1022:
1015:
1012:
1010:
998:
996:
984:
982:
970:
968:
951:
948:
946:
941:
938:
934:
931:
930:
927:
924:
922:
917:
914:
910:
907:
906:
903:
900:
898:
893:
890:
886:
883:
882:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
865:
862:
860:
856:
852:
847:
841:
833:
823:
819:
817:
814:
810:
807:
803:
801:
799:
796:
795:
791:
787:
784:
780:
778:
775:
771:
769:
767:
764:
763:
759:
755:
752:
748:
745:
741:
738:
734:
731:
727:
725:
722:
721:
718:
716:
714:
711:
707:
704:
700:
698:
695:
694:
691:
688:
685:
684:
681:
676:
671:
666:
660:
643:
638:
634:
631:
630:
624:
619:
609:
604:
602:
599:
598:
592:
587:
580:
575:
573:
570:
569:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
549:
546:
541:
536:
530:
522:
514:
511:
506:
501:
495:
489:
483:
482:Miꞌkmawiꞌsimk
477:
472:
471:United States
468:
464:
460:
456:
454:
453:Miꞌkmawiꞌsimk
448:
447:
438:
411:
402:
399:
395:
392:
391:Mi'kmawi'simk
389:
385:
382:
379:
375:
372:
369:
365:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
339:
333:
327:
324:
316:
311:
308:
305:
303:
299:
295:
291:
289:
288:
283:
279:
275:
272:
267:
262:
257:
254:
249:
244:
238:
235:
233:
232:New Brunswick
230:
229:
227:
223:
215:
210:
207:
206:
204:
201:
195:
190:
182:
181:
176:
174:
171:
170:
168:
164:
158:
148:
145:
144:
143:
140:
139:
138:
135:
134:
133:
129:
125:
119:
115:
109:
106:(2016 census)
105:
101:
97:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
69:New Brunswick
66:
63:
59:
56:
55:United States
52:
49:
45:
41:
40:Miꞌkmawiꞌsimk
36:
31:
19:
5342:
5329:
5289:Plautdietsch
4950:Inuvialuktun
4486:
4384:
4359:
4352:
4334:
4327:
4304:
4277:
4255:
4170:
4088:
4083:
4071:
4064:
4041:
4034:
4026:
4014:
4005:
3998:
3970:
3965:Narragansett
3963:
3956:
3949:
3942:
3938:Massachusett
3930:
3821:
3807:
3674:
3664:
3642:
3625:
3616:
3600:
3580:. Retrieved
3578:. 2012-03-26
3575:
3566:
3555:. Retrieved
3545:
3534:. Retrieved
3524:
3504:
3497:
3486:. Retrieved
3476:
3462:
3451:. Retrieved
3441:
3428:
3417:, retrieved
3413:the original
3398:
3388:
3379:
3370:
3361:
3352:
3343:
3334:
3323:
3314:
3305:
3294:
3283:. Retrieved
3279:
3269:
3258:. Retrieved
3253:
3243:
3226:
3222:
3192:
3188:
3134:
3130:
3106:. Retrieved
3102:
3077:. Retrieved
3073:
3064:
3053:. Retrieved
3049:
3040:
3029:. Retrieved
3025:
3016:
3005:. Retrieved
3001:
2992:
2981:. Retrieved
2977:
2974:"gesigawweg"
2968:
2957:. Retrieved
2953:
2944:
2933:. Retrieved
2929:
2920:
2911:
2905:
2896:
2887:
2864:
2853:. Retrieved
2849:the original
2839:
2828:. Retrieved
2824:the original
2814:
2800:
2789:. Retrieved
2785:
2776:
2751:. Retrieved
2747:
2737:
2714:
2706:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2681:
2666:
2664:
2658:Takamegoochk
2653:Tatamagouche
2467:Chebooktoosk
2466:
2465:(pronounced
2403:
2396:
2381:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2348:Shubenacadie
2321:
2286:
2242:in Miꞌkmaq,
2223:
2203:Massachusett
2180:
2156:
2149:
2144:Indian Brook
2141:
2134:
2130:
2110:
2078:
2061:pituimtlnaqn
2037:pituimtlnaqn
2027:
2006:
1951:
1744:
1691:
1618:
1545:
1472:
1355:
1300:Isaac Pitman
1277:
1266:
1254:
1231:
1207:
1199:
1188:
1180:
1169:
1144:
1123:
1116:
1115:sapmiꞌk ala
1109:
1102:
1096:
1059:
1029:
1020:
1016:
1008:
994:
980:
966:
956:
949:
925:
901:
870:Orthography
848:
829:
520:
450:
409:
407:
390:
335:
285:
173:Latin script
146:
5127:Assiniboine
5016:Bella Coola
4935:Inuinnaqtun
4354:Proto-Algic
4027:Nanticockan
3871:Swampy Cree
3866:Plains Cree
3817:Gros Ventre
3419:21 December
3299:youtube.com
2721:in Miꞌkmaq.
2646:Es-ed-ei-ik
2607:Restigouche
2544:Pijeboogwek
2508:Gesôpsgigel
2462:Tjipogtotjg
2254:in Munsee,
1944:neꞌwtisgaꞌq
1080:('taste'),
1072:/a.si.ketk/
974:/en.nə.mit/
844:/m,n,w,l,j/
798:Approximant
350:instead of
209:Nova Scotia
87:, northern
65:Nova Scotia
5363:Categories
5026:Halkomelem
4839:Athabaskan
4829:Potawatomi
4766:Algonquian
4613:Francosign
4545:Innu-aimun
4499:(ᐊᓂᔑᓈᐯᒧᐎᓐ)
4472:Algonquian
4236:Potawatomi
4228:Potawatomi
4139:Potawatomi
4043:Piscataway
3897:Innu-aimun
3876:Woods Cree
3861:Moose Cree
3809:Besawunena
3786:Algonquian
3582:2012-10-21
3557:2011-12-29
3536:2012-01-12
3488:2012-01-31
3453:2012-01-30
3285:2014-03-28
3260:2013-10-24
3108:2020-12-11
3079:2022-12-27
3055:2022-12-27
3031:2022-12-27
3007:2022-12-27
2983:2022-12-27
2959:2022-12-27
2935:2022-12-27
2855:2012-11-26
2830:2012-11-26
2791:2017-11-17
2753:2017-11-17
2729:References
2618:Lac-Humqui
2553:matapegiag
2496:Goesôpsiag
2491:Causapscal
2487:('river').
2473:Cascapédia
2457:Bouctouche
2424:Placenames
2344:Antigonish
2088:taꞌpugnaꞌq
2082:taꞌpusijik
2010:neꞌwtisgaq
1995:teꞌsisgaꞌq
1983:tapuisgaꞌq
1959:neꞌwtisgaq
1932:pesgunateg
1342:, ⟨
1314:⟩,
1147:word order
1053:/əm.ku.mi/
1014:('loud').
993:toqjuꞌpila
943:/əsxolt͡ʃ/
932:Aspirated
884:Voiceless
867:Allophone
832:obstruents
655:Consonants
505:adjectival
137:Algonquian
5294:Ukrainian
5229:Cantonese
5094:Kwakʼwala
4993:Tuscarora
4960:Iroquoian
4940:Inuktitut
4912:Tsuutʼina
4862:Chipewyan
4857:Chilcotin
4784:Blackfoot
4779:Algonquin
4577:Iroquoian
4530:Atikamekw
4463:languages
4387:indicate
4329:Nansemond
4321:Uncertain
4273:Menominee
4263:Blackfoot
4156:Algonquin
4036:Nanticoke
3982:Delawaran
3892:Atikamekw
3851:East Cree
3795:Arapahoan
3693:773473837
3235:0380-2361
3201:1916-0666
3167:154633673
3151:0008-4239
3046:"asigetg"
2635:Sakpediak
2580:Paspébiac
2502:Gesapsgel
2409:loanwords
2312:ugsꞌtqamu
2306:naꞌguꞌset
2163:Blackbird
1989:nesisgaꞌq
1920:ugumuljin
1692:Pacifique
1082:/mes.tək/
1043:/ək.taːn/
960:/en.mitk/
919:/miːkmax/
876:Phonetic
873:Phonemic
859:aspirated
851:voiceless
840:sonorants
766:Fricative
517:Phonology
401:Mi'kma'ki
287:Glottolog
271:ISO 639-3
253:ISO 639-2
99:Ethnicity
5224:Mandarin
5079:Ditidaht
5071:Wakashan
5061:Thompson
5056:Squamish
5046:shíshálh
5036:Okanagan
5031:Lillooet
5008:Salishan
4983:Onondaga
4917:Tutchone
4872:Gwichʼin
4336:Pamunkey
4268:Cheyenne
4208:Oji-Cree
4183:Chippewa
4125:Kickapoo
4090:Powhatan
4073:Etchemin
3989:Delaware
3641:. 1875.
3159:23320978
3070:"mest'g"
2926:"ennmit"
2762:cite web
2612:Listuguj
2520:Gespedeg
2358:toboggan
2275:and the
2272:wāpiskāw
1986:for 20,
1908:lluigneg
1546:Listuguj
1286:, using
670:Alveolar
507:form is
488:Miꞌkmwei
469:and the
457:, is an
387:Language
356:Help:IPA
294:mikm1235
102:168,420
5369:Mi'kmaq
5259:Italian
5239:Spanish
5234:Punjabi
5158:Tlingit
5153:Kutenai
5143:Beothuk
5051:Shuswap
5041:Saanich
4998:Wyandot
4945:Inupiaq
4907:Tahltan
4852:Carrier
4814:Naskapi
4804:Miꞌkmaq
4774:Abenaki
4744:English
4688:English
4660:Isolate
4590:Wyandot
4385:Italics
4285:Shawnee
4084:Mi'kmaq
4060:Abenaki
4016:Mahican
3902:Naskapi
3803:Arapaho
3594:Sources
3022:"mgumi"
2998:"gta'n"
2655:, from
2641:Shediac
2630:Sayabec
2391:Kaleboo
2382:caribou
2362:caribou
2353:caribou
2211:Abenaki
1965:neꞌwt -
1770:dj tc̡
1619:Lexicon
1139:sapmiꞌk
1124:a moose
1110:a moose
1105:kaqamit
1088:Grammar
1074:, with
1067:asigetg
926:Miꞌkmaq
913:Miꞌkmaq
908:Voiced
895:/tiaːm/
724:Plosive
675:Palatal
540:Central
510:Miꞌkmaw
503:); the
494:Miꞌkmaq
476:Lnuismk
463:Mi'kmaq
397:Country
352:Unicode
307:Mi'kmaq
147:Mi'kmaq
104:Mi'kmaq
33:Mi'kmaq
5254:German
5249:Arabic
5208:Michif
5193:Bungee
5117:Stoney
5109:Siouan
5084:Haisla
4988:Seneca
4978:Oneida
4973:Mohawk
4968:Cayuga
4902:Tagish
4897:Slavey
4892:Sekani
4887:Nicola
4867:Dogrib
4824:Ottawa
4819:Ojibwe
4809:Munsee
4749:French
4585:Mohawk
4487:Míkmaq
4447:French
4377:Pidgin
4373:Creole
4298:Others
4249:Others
4213:Ottawa
4148:Ojibwa
4135:Ojibwa
4053:Others
3994:Munsee
3885:Others
3856:Michif
3701:
3691:
3681:
3657:
3632:
3609:
3512:
3405:
3233:
3199:
3165:
3157:
3149:
2717:Mìgmao
2709:Míkmaw
2701:Míkmaq
2695:Mikmaw
2691:Migmaw
2687:Micmac
2601:Gepèèg
2596:Quebec
2565:pegiag
2532:Gespeg
2484:pegiag
2432:Quoddy
2406:Basque
2373:Qalipu
2367:xalibu
2340:Quebec
2336:Acadia
2251:waapii
2239:wapeꞌt
2207:Munsee
2189:, the
2117:UNESCO
2100:-gnaꞌq
1977:isgaꞌq
1896:asꞌgom
1210:Nemi'k
1202:Nemitu
1093:Syntax
1077:mestꞌg
1045:while
1007:gesiga
879:Gloss
855:voiced
838:) and
686:plain
665:Labial
563:short
557:short
551:short
525:Vowels
467:Canada
449:), or
377:People
367:Person
323:UNESCO
226:Canada
203:Canada
79:, the
61:Region
51:Canada
5148:Haida
5136:other
5122:Sioux
5021:Comox
4927:Inuit
4882:Kaska
4559:Inuit
4381:Mixed
4312:Yurok
4306:Wiyot
4007:Unami
3195:(3).
3163:S2CID
3155:JSTOR
2914:(MA).
2673:Notes
2623:amqui
2590:flats
2478:kaska
2444:amqui
2439:Amqui
2328:Chiac
2322:Many
2300:ahkee
2281:waapi
2233:ehpit
2227:eꞌpit
2215:Unami
2094:-ijik
1860:siꞌst
1848:taꞌpu
1806:oo u
1534:uꞌ/ú
1516:oꞌ/ó
1492:iꞌ/í
1486:eꞌ/é
1480:aꞌ/á
1185:Nouns
1129:tia'm
1117:tia'm
1103:tia'm
1058:asige
1048:mgumi
1038:gtaꞌn
937:sqolj
902:moose
889:tia'm
697:Nasal
680:Velar
572:Close
566:long
560:long
554:long
535:Front
500:miꞌkm
132:Algic
89:Maine
4794:Innu
4789:Cree
4522:Cree
4118:Sauk
3932:Loup
3843:Cree
3699:ISBN
3689:OCLC
3679:ISBN
3655:ISBN
3630:ISBN
3607:ISBN
3510:ISBN
3421:2013
3403:ISBN
3231:ISSN
3197:ISSN
3147:ISSN
2768:link
2713:and
2693:and
2559:mata
2499:(or
2356:and
2346:and
2326:and
2294:cone
2268:Cree
2263:wòpe
2257:wôbi
2245:wapi
2213:and
2205:and
2058:and
1971:newt
1884:naꞌn
1872:neꞌw
1836:newt
1824:1–10
1800:d t
1791:b p
1788:o ō
1773:g k
1752:a â
1745:Rand
1290:and
1282:and
1175:aꞌti
1165:kisi
969:mitg
950:frog
690:lab.
633:Open
545:Back
446:-mah
408:The
371:L'nu
4877:Hän
3139:doi
2370:or
2067:jel
2016:jel
1939:10
1803:ŏŏ
1707:tj
1680:u:
1662:o:
1638:i:
1632:e:
1626:a:
1607:uꞌ
1589:oꞌ
1565:iꞌ
1559:eꞌ
1553:aꞌ
1356:IPA
1302:'s
1264:.
1032:umi
1023:aꞌn
983:mit
744:t͡ʃ
601:Mid
485:or
465:in
444:MIG
338:IPA
302:ELP
278:mic
261:mic
5365::
5346:-
3687:.
3651:GB
3649:,
3647:IA
3574:.
3401:,
3397:,
3378:.
3360:.
3342:.
3313:.
3278:.
3252:.
3227:34
3225:.
3221:.
3209:^
3193:39
3191:.
3187:.
3175:^
3161:.
3153:.
3145:.
3135:45
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