Michael Collins (Irish leader)

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Mulcahy and Eoin O'Duffy. At the same time martial law was introduced but not proclaimed until January 1923. At this time Collins was President of the IRB Supreme Council which claimed to be the legitimate government of the Irish Republic, commander-in-chief of the pro-treaty army, while retaining control of the Provisional Government which remained unaccountable to any government in September. On the pro-treaty side, Collins controlled civil, military, and the extra constitutional powers of the IRB. The IRB Executive, which acted as the IRB government when the supreme council was not sitting, closely resembled the 'War Council of Three' with Collins and O'Duffy sitting on both. The third member of the IRB Executive was Sean O'Muithile, who Collins appointed as the commissioner of the new police force shortly before Collins was killed in action. The appointment was later rescinded.

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fell to her, as her husband succumbed to old age and died. In a society which honoured hospitality as a prime virtue, Mrs Collins was eulogised as "a hostess in ten thousand". Her five daughters avowedly doted on their youngest brother. He enjoyed rough-housing and outdoor sports. Having won a local wrestling championship while he was still a boy, he is said to have made a pastime of challenging larger, older opponents, with frequent success. A very fit, active man throughout life, in the most stressful times he continued to enjoy wrestling as a form of relaxation and valued friendships which afforded opportunities to share athletic pursuits. He could be abrasive, demanding, and inconsiderate of those around him, but frequently made up for it with gestures such as confectionery and other small gifts.

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had been for personal trips. While clearly fond of command and keen to take charge, he had an equal appetite for input and advice from people at every level of the organisation, prompting the comment that "he took advice from his chauffeur." Although acknowledged by friends and foes as "head centre" of the movement, he continually chose a title just short of actual head of state; becoming Chairman of the Provisional Government only after the abdication of half the Dáil forced him to do so. While his official and personal correspondence records his solicitous care for the wants of insurgents in need, during the war he showed no hesitation in ordering the death of opponents who threatened nationalist lives.

2375: 2499: 2014: 1385: 2598: 1847:Éamon de Valera, the President of the Dáil objected to the Treaty on the grounds that it had been signed without cabinet consent and that it secured neither the full independence of Ireland nor Irish unity. Collins and his supporters argued that de Valera had refused strenuous pleas from Collins, Griffith and others to lead the London negotiations in person. He had refused the delegates' continual requests for instruction, and in fact, had been at the centre of the original decision to enter negotiations without the possibility of an independent republic on the table. 2350: 2211: 86: 8665: 2663: 934: 2362: 1970:). There was no response to Collins' demands for an inquiry. He and his Cabinet warned that they would deem the agreement broken unless Craig took action. In his continual correspondence with Churchill over violence in the North, Collins protested repeatedly that such breaches of the truce threatened to invalidate the Treaty entirely. The prospect was real enough that on 3 June 1922 Churchill presented to the Committee of Imperial Defence his plans "to protect Ulster from invasion by the South". 1434:

effective military force, and concentrating on forcing the RIC – which represented British authority in Ireland – out of isolated barracks and seizing their weapons. Collins was determined to avoid the massive destruction, military and civilian losses for merely symbolic victories that had characterised the 1916 Rising. Instead, he directed a guerrilla war against the British, suddenly attacking and then just as quickly withdrawing, minimising losses and maximising effectiveness.

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assassination and agreed that Collins' reply had not given a 'definite enough commitment' to disperse the Four Courts occupation. They ordered Nevil Macready, commander of the British garrison still in Dublin, to attack the Four Courts, whose republican garrison they blamed for the shooting of Wilson. The plan was put on hold at the last minute when Macready advised the government, on 26 June, to give Collins' Provisional Government one more chance to act against the Four Courts.

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bringing it back for the Dáil cabinet to ratify. But once back in London on 5 December at 7:30 pm, Lloyd George told them it was immediate signature or "immediate and terrible war" and that he had to know by the next day. Winston Churchill recalled Collins's reaction: "Michael Collins rose as if he was going to shoot someone, preferably himself. In all my life I have never seen so much passion and suffering in restraint." The Treaty was signed at 2:20 am, 6 December 1921.

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Provisional Government, headed by Collins, to attack the Four Courts; Historian Michael Hopkinson writes, 'the scarcity of evidence is explained by the acute sensitivity of the subject, both at the time and since'. When Collins arrived back in Dublin, his forces began to act against the anti-Treatyites. On 27 June they arrested anti-Treaty IRA officer Leo Henderson as he was enforcing the Belfast Boycott by seizing cars. In retaliation the anti-Treaty IRA men abducted

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include no mention of the British King. His object was that the Constitution would allow participation in the Dáil by dissenting TDs who opposed the Treaty and refused to take any oath recognising the Crown. Under the Treaty, the Free State was obliged to submit its new Constitution to Westminster for approval. Upon doing so, in June 1922, Collins and Griffith found Lloyd George determined to veto the provisions they had fashioned to prevent civil war.

1962:, Prime Minister of Northern Ireland, in London. They signed an agreement declaring peace in the North, which promised cooperation between Catholics and Protestants in policing and security, and a generous budget for restoring Catholics to homes which had been destroyed. To some northern Republicans Collins had formally recognized partition and had done so without consulting them. The day after the agreement was published, violence erupted again in the 1653: 1815:

is war…. The Treaty was signed by me, not because they held up the alternative of immediate war. I signed it because I would not be one of those to commit the Irish people to war without the Irish people committing themselves to war." While the Treaty fell short of the republic for which he had fought, Collins concluded that the Treaty offered Ireland "not the freedom that all nations desire and develop to, but the freedom to achieve it."

2742: 2104: 1844:. These factors diminished Irish sovereignty and threatened to allow British interference in Ireland's foreign policy. Collins and Griffith were well aware of these issues and strove tenaciously, against British resistance, to achieve language which could be accepted by all constituents. They succeeded in obtaining an oath to the Irish Free State, with a subsidiary oath of fidelity to the King, rather than to the king unilaterally. 5075: 1490: 157: 2569:. Under Kiernan's influence, he would resume Catholic religious practice (though retaining secularism as a political position), despite his previous hostility to the Irish Catholic hierarchy. He made a general confession before his departure for London to negotiate the Anglo-Irish Treaty. While in London, his practice of lighting votive candles for Kiernan developed a habit of attending mass daily, usually at the 2558: 36: 1892: 1570:, including the suspension of "all normal life". Westminster's foreign policy ruled out this option: Irish-American public opinion was important to British agendas in Asia. In addition, Britain's efforts at a military solution had already resulted in a powerful peace movement, which demanded an end to the unrest in Ireland. Prominent voices calling for negotiation included the 1034:", plain-clothes officers from Dublin Metropolitan Police. During his screening, Collins was identified as someone who should be selected for further interrogation, harsher treatment or execution. However, he overheard his name being called out so he moved to the other side of the building to identify the speaker. In doing so, he joined the group that was later transferred to 816:) farm called Woodfield, which the Collins family had held as tenants for several generations. Michael was six and a half years old when his father died. After the death of her husband, Mary Anne had the small family home rebuilt in 1899–1900 as Woodfield House, a much larger dwelling. Michael Collins (the younger) believed his family were descendants of the 3589: 1955:

six months after the ceasefire (truce), Collins helped to form an 'Ulster Council' within the IRA, which included the commanders of its five northern divisions, to co-ordinate IRA activity in the North. Collins' Provisional Government also funded Northern county councils and paid the salaries of teachers in Northern Ireland who recognised the Free State.

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debates on the subject, Collins held out the Constitution of the new Free State as a possible solution. Collins was then in the process of co-writing that document and was striving to make it a republican constitution that included provisions that would allow anti-Treaty TDs to take their seats in good conscience, without any oath concerning the Crown.

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forces held much of the southern province of Munster and several other areas of the country. At the height of their success, they administered local government and policing in large regions. Collins, Richard Mulcahy, and Eoin O'Duffy decided on a series of seaborne landings into republican-held areas, which re-took Munster and the west in July–August.

1090: 2192:, in which role he was seen to be responsible for the B-Specials and for other sources of loyalist violence in the north. The debate concerning Collins' involvement continued in the 1950s when a number of statements and rebuttals on the subject were published in periodicals. These were reprinted with additions in Rex Taylor's 1961 book, 1728:. During two months of arduous negotiations, the Irish delegates made frequent crossings between London and Dublin to confer with their Dáil colleagues, and Collins' correspondence reflects his frustration at Dáil debates and the Irish delegate's inability to agree to clear instructions as to whether or not they should accept a treaty. 824: 1871:, a hero of the War of Independence. The Four Courts was the centre of the Irish courts system, originally under the British and then the Free State. Collins was charged by his Free State colleagues with putting down these insurgents, however, he resisted firing on former comrades and staved off a shooting war throughout this period. 497: 1951:

with it … on lines that will lead very rapidly to goodwill, and the entry of the North-East under the Irish Parliament". The pro-Treaty side argued that the proposed Irish Boundary Commission would give large swathes of Northern Ireland to the Free State, leaving the remaining territory too small to be economically viable.

2826:"Think—what I have got for Ireland? Something which she has wanted these past 700 years. Will anyone be satisfied at the bargain? Will anyone? I tell you this—early this morning I signed my death warrant". Written in a letter dated 6 December 1921 after the signing of the treaty that established the Irish Free State. 851:. There are a number of anecdotal explanations for the origin of his nickname "the Big Fellow". His family claim that he was called this as a child, as a term of endearment for an adventurous and bold youngest brother. The nickname was established in his teens, long before he became a political or military leader. 2388:

delay. He had fended off a number of attempts on his life in the preceding weeks and had acknowledged more than once, in private conversation, that the Civil War might end his life at any moment. On several occasions, Collins assured his advisors "they won't shoot me in my own county," or words to that effect.

2061:, the head of the British administration in Ireland. The republican view of the same meeting is that Collins met FitzAlan to accept the surrender of Dublin Castle, the official seat of the British government in Ireland. Having surrendered, FitzAlan still remained in place as viceroy until December 1922. 2549:

Collins' elderly father, who was 75 when his youngest child was born, inspired his fondness and respect for older people. His mother, who had spent her youth caring for her own invalid mother and raising her own brothers and sisters, was a powerful influence. The entire management of the Collins farm

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Artillery was provided to Richard Mulcahy, as Minister for Defence and the Free State Army by the British for the purposes of attacking the Four Courts. Emmet Dalton, an Irishman who had served in the British Army and the IRA, who was now a leading Free State commander and close associate of Collins,

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at 1:00 pm. Shot while he crossed the pavement from a parked taxi to the door of his house, Wilson suffered six wounds - two of them fatal - to the chest. Two police officers and a chauffeur were also shot as the two assassins sought to avoid capture. They were then surrounded by a crowd and arrested

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A referendum on the Treaty was also planned but it never took place. The Pact elections on 16 June 1922 therefore comprise the best quantitative record of the Irish public's response to the Treaty. The results were pro-Treaty 58 seats, anti-Treaty 36, Labour Party 17, Independents 6, Farmers Party 7,

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De Valera resigned the presidency and sought re-election but Arthur Griffith replaced him after a close vote on 9 January 1922. Griffith chose as his title President of Dáil Éireann, rather than President of the Republic as de Valera had favoured. The Dáil Éireann government did not hold legal status

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in early June, which ended with British troops shelling IRA positions on the border. Collins chided pro-Treaty IRA units who became embroiled in the fighting and the Provisional Government issued an order that their policy was "peaceful obstruction … and no troops from the twenty- six counties either

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However, in private Collins told the northern divisions of the IRA, early in 1922 that, "although the Treaty might have seemed an outward expression of partition, the Government plans to make it impossible … Partition would never be recognised, even if it meant smashing the Treaty". In January 1922,

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The Treaty controversy split the entire nationalist movement. Sinn Féin, the Dáil, the IRB and the army each divided into pro- and anti-Treaty factions. The Supreme Council of the IRB had been informed in detail about every facet of the Treaty negotiations and had approved many of its provisions, and

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Collins was a complex man whose character abounded in contradictions. He seems never to have pursued personal profit. This characteristic was exemplified by a letter he wrote on 4 August 1922 to his canvassing agent; offering to pay half the bill for a hired election car because some of the journeys

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similarly writes, 'it was Griffith rather than Collins who took the lead in this decision'. However a contemporary observer of events, cabinet member Ernest Blythe, contradicts the historians recalling that, 'the decision to attack the Four Courts was almost automatic once Collins had agreed to it'.

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These two developments led to the Provisional Government's 27 June 1922 order serving notice on the Four Courts garrison to surrender the building, their arms and release O'Connell, that night or face military action "at once". According to historian Charles Townsend, 'Collins must have consented to

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The meetings with Lloyd George and Churchill were bitter and contentious. Collins, although less diplomatic than Griffith or de Valera, had no less penetrating comprehension of political issues. He complained that he was being manipulated into "doing Churchill's dirty work", in a potential civil war

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The offensive was to begin on 2 May 1922, but most of the IRA divisions had to postpone until later in the month. The 1st, 4th and 5th divisions, based in Southern territory, did not take part. This, and the staggered start to the offensive, made it easier for the Northern authorities to tackle. The

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In 1920, following Westminster's prominent announcements that it had the Irish insurgents on the run, Collins and his Squad killed several people in a series of coordinated raids, including a number of British secret service agents. Members of the Royal Irish Constabulary went to Croke Park, where a

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The 'Irregulars' in the laneway opened fire with rifles on the convoy. Emmet Dalton, the Free State commander for the county, ordered the driver of the touring car to 'drive like hell', but Collins said 'no, stop and we'll fight 'em'. He then jumped from the vehicle along with the others. At first,

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As a result, an ambush was laid by an anti-Treaty column at that point, on the chance that the convoy might come through again on their return journey. Between 7:30 and 8:00 pm, Collins' convoy approached Béal na Bláth for the second time. By then most of the ambush party had dispersed and gone for

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Collins' position in this conflict was extraordinary indeed. A majority of the IRA he had helped lead in the War of Independence, were now ranged against the Provisional Government, which he led. In addition, the force which by the will of the electorate he was obliged to lead had been re-organised

2188:, Wilson had recently resigned his commission and been elected an MP for a constituency in Northern Ireland. He had a long history as one of the chief British leaders opposing Collins in the Irish conflict. At that time Wilson had served as military advisor to the Northern Ireland government led by 2085:

In this spirit and with the organising efforts of moderates on both sides the Collins–de Valera "Pact" was created. This pact agreed that new elections to the Dáil would be held with each candidate running as explicitly pro- or anti-Treaty and that, regardless of which side obtained a majority, the

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pro- and anti-Treaty IRA units. Collins hoped the offensive would undermine the Northern Ireland government and unite the pro- and anti-treaty IRA in a shared goal. Collins and National Army GHQ secretly supplied weaponry and equipment for the offensive, and some British arms that had been supplied

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Collins argued that he had signed the Treaty as the alternative was a war that the Irish people did not want. "I say that rejection of the Treaty is a declaration of war until you have beaten the British Empire, apart from any alternative document. Rejection of the Treaty means your national policy

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Collins resisted the appointment, protesting that he was "a soldier, not a politician" and that his exposure to the London authorities would reduce his effectiveness as a guerrilla leader should hostilities resume. (He had kept his public visibility to a minimum during the conduct of the war; up to

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During this Truce period, de Valera sued for official designation as President of the Irish Republic and obtained it from the Dáil in August 1921, in place of the title which had previously been used of President of Dáil Éireann. Not long after, the Cabinet was obliged to select the delegation that

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after signing the Anglo-Irish Treaty: "You had us dead beat. We could not have lasted another three weeks. When we were told of the offer of a truce we were astonished. We thought you must have gone mad". However he stated on the record that "there will be no compromise and no negotiations with any

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at the helm and a German crew with a cargo of leftover World War I weapons – 300 guns and 20,000 rounds of ammunition. Other sources cite this shipment as "the largest military shipment ever to reach the I.R.A." consisting of 1,500 rifles, 2,000 pistols and 1.7 million rounds of ammunition smuggled

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by the Dáil) was first referred to as "President". While financially successful, grave political conflicts followed in de Valera's wake there which threatened the unity of Irish-American support for the rebels. Some members of the IRB also objected to the use of the presidential title because their

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Collins bequeathed to posterity a considerable body of writing: essays, speeches and tracts, articles and official documents in which he outlined plans for Ireland's economic and cultural revival, as well as a voluminous correspondence, both official and personal. Selections have been published in

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Collins' personal diary outlined his proposals for peace. Republicans must "accept the People's Verdict" on the Treaty, but could then "go home without their arms. We don't ask for any surrender of their principles". He argued that the Provisional Government was upholding "the people's rights" and

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The Provisional Government's first obligation was to create a Constitution for the Free State. This was undertaken by Collins and a team of solicitors. The outcome of their work became the Irish Constitution of 1922. He drew up a republican constitution which, without repudiating the Treaty, would

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This remark encapsulated his acknowledgement that the Treaty was a compromise that would be vulnerable to charges of "sell-out" from purist Republicans. It did not establish the fully independent republic that Collins himself had shortly before demanded as a non-negotiable condition. The "physical

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was to be established to draw a border, "in accordance with the wishes of the inhabitants' and 'economic and geographic conditions". Collins anticipated a redrawing of the border would result in much of the south and west of Northern Ireland becoming part of the Free State, making Northern Ireland

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would be modelled after Canada's. This was a compromise, halfway between an independent republic and a province of the Empire. The Treaty was signed under considerable pressure from the British. The negotiators had agreed at the cabinet meeting in Dublin that they would not sign the Treaty without

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as the official caretaker of Rising official business, in the event that the leadership did not survive. By June 1916, Mrs. Clarke had sent out the first post-Rising communiqué to the IRB, declaring the Rising to be only the beginning and directing nationalists to prepare for "the next blow". Soon

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While mastermind of a clandestine military, he remained a public figure. When official head of the Free State government, he continued to cooperate in the IRA's secret operations. He was capable of bold, decisive actions on his own authority, which caused friction with his colleagues, such as his

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Unlike some of his political opponents, he had many close personal friendships within the movement. It has been justly said that while some were devoted to "the idea of Ireland", Collins was a people person whose patriotism was rooted in affection and respect for the people of Ireland around him.

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There was no autopsy. Collins' field diary was taken by Dalton who had been with him during his tour of the south. The body was first presented at Shanakiel Hospital in Cork, a small military establishment, and then shipped around the coast to Dublin where it was laid out in St Vincent's Hospital

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The lengthy time the convoy took to cover the twenty miles (32 km) back to Cork City was because many of the roads were blocked and the convoy had to travel across muddy fields and through farms to circumnavigate the obstacles, all in darkness. At times, when the vehicles became bogged down,

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Collins strongly opposed partition, but he was ambiguous about his policy for undoing it. On one hand, he told the Dáil during the Treaty debates: "We have stated we would not coerce the North-East … Surely we recognise that the North-East corner does exist … The Treaty has made an effort to deal

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that there would have to be some compromise in the current negotiations in London. "There was no question of our getting all the demands we were making." He was advised by Lynch not to bring this out in the full assembly. Reviewing subsequent events, Deasy later doubted the wisdom of that advice.

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Numerous questions remain about the events surrounding the death of Collins because the only witnesses to his death were the members of the Free State Army convoy and the anti-Treaty ambushers. As no two stories match and participant statements from both sides are contradictory and inconsistent,

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Apparently, to get a better view of the laneway up which he had seen the enemy running, Collins left the protection of the armoured car and moved even farther back around a bend in the road out of sight of his comrades. Now standing in the open, he fired a couple of shots and as he was once more

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Collins himself was in Cork at the time of the crisis. President Arthur Griffith and military officer Emmet Dalton met with British officials to discuss 'the continued occupation of the Four Courts by the Irregulars under Rory O'Connor'. There is little documentation of the decision taken by the

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The death of Sir Henry Wilson caused a furore in London. Lloyd George, the Prime Minister, sent a letter to Collins saying that the 'ambiguous position' of the Provisional Government with regard to the IRA in the Four Courts could no longer be tolerated. The British cabinet met the day after the

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To foster military unity, Collins and the IRB established an "army re-unification committee", including delegates from pro- and anti-Treaty factions. The still-secret Irish Republican Brotherhood continued to meet, fostering dialogue between pro- and anti-Treaty IRA officers. In the IRB's stormy

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The Dáil debated the Treaty bitterly for ten days until it was approved by a vote of 64 to 57. Having lost this vote, de Valera announced his intent to withdraw his participation from the Dáil and called on all deputies who had voted against the Treaty to follow him. A substantial number did so,

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which now had a mandate to pursue an armed campaign, as the official military of the Irish nation. With Cathal Brugha as Minister of Defence, Collins became Director of Organisation and Adjutant General of the Volunteers. Collins spent much of this period helping to organise the Volunteers as an

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His plan to travel to his native Cork on 20 August was considered particularly dangerous, and he was strenuously advised against it by several trusted associates. County Cork was an IRA stronghold as much of it was still held by anti-Treaty forces. Yet he was determined to make the trip without

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between the anti-Treaty IRA Dublin Brigade and the Free State troops. Much of O'Connell Street suffered heavy damage; the Gresham Hotel was burned and the Four Courts reduced to a ruin. Still, under Collins' direction, the Free State rapidly took control of the capital. By July 1922 anti-Treaty

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expressly to kill British agents and informers. Collins was criticised for these tactics but cited the universal war-time practice of executing enemy spies who were, in his words, "hunting victims for execution." Campaigning for Irish independence, even non-violently, was still targeted both by

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solution based on the Hungarian model. The British government and mainstream Irish media had wrongly blamed Sinn Féin for the Rising. This attracted Rising participants to join the organisation in order to exploit the reputation with which such British propaganda had imbued the organisation. By

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the meeting of the Dail until the end of hostilities, a move that historians such as John M. Regan have seen as an unconstitutional concentration of power in Collins himself and his military colleagues. On 12 July, the pro-treaty army formed a 'War Council of Three' led by Collins with Richard

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A large part of the Irish Republican Army opposed the Treaty and in March 1922 voted at an Army Convention to reject the authority of the Dail, Collins' GHQ and to elect their own Executive. Anti-Treaty IRA units began to seize buildings and take other guerrilla actions against the Provisional

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While some celebrated the fact that a rising had happened at all, believing in Pearse's theory of "blood sacrifice" (namely that the deaths of the Rising's leaders would inspire others), Collins railed against the military blunders made. He cited the seizure of indefensible and very vulnerable

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Papers of Michael Collins. The papers, pertaining to the period when Collins lived in London, relate primarily to Civil Service examinations, the Gaelic League and Gaelic Athletic Association in London, together with draft articles and speeches written by Collins, and several personal letters

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That July, Collins became Commander-in-Chief of the National Army while also retaining his civilian roles as Minister of Finance and Chairman of the Provisional Government. However, according to Charles Townshend, he became 'a kind of generalissimo, combining military and political supremacy.

1465:, an Irish Jew was sent by Collins to Germany in 1919 to be the chief agent for procuring arms for the IRA. While in Germany in 1921 Briscoe purchased a small tug boat named Frieda to be used in transporting guns and ammunition to Ireland. On 28 October 1921 the Frieda slipped out to sea with 2437:

Collins was the only fatality sustained in the ambush, although another member of his party suffered a neck wound. After he was shot the fire from the ambushing party quickly fell off and they withdrew from the scene. Collins was found, face down, on the roadway. One of his men whispered an

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De Valera was present there. However, Michel Hopkinson writes that 'there is no evidence that there was any prospect of a meeting between de Valera and Collins. The People's Rights Association, a local initiative in Cork City, had been mediating a discussion of terms between the Provisional

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The Irish delegates sent to London were designated as "plenipotentiaries", meaning that they had full authority to sign an agreement on behalf of the Dáil government. The Treaty would then be subject to approval by the Dáil. The majority of the delegates, including Arthur Griffith (leader),

1377:. This ambush is considered the first action in the Irish War of Independence. The engagement had no advance authorisation from the nascent government. The legislature's support for the armed struggle soon after became official, with the Dáil ratifying the IRA's claim to be the army of the 2525: 1623:

However, the Dáil as a whole was less uncompromising. It decided to proceed to a peace conference, although it was ascertained in the preliminary stages that a fully independent republic would not be on the table and that the loss of some northeastern counties was a foregone conclusion.

1998:: "I am forced to the conclusion that we may yet have to fight the British in the north-east". At the same time he told northern IRA officers he would "use the political arm against Craig so long as it is of use. If that fails, the treaty can go to hell and we will all start again". 1627:

Many of the rebel forces on the ground first heard of the Truce when it was announced in the newspapers and this gave rise to the first fissures in nationalist unity, which had serious consequences later on. They felt they had not been included in consultations regarding its terms.

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These republican victories would have been impossible without widespread support from the Irish population, which included every level of society and reached deep into the British administration in Ireland. In May 1921, elections were held in the Northern part of Ireland under the

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Before the new body's first meeting, Collins, tipped off by his network of spies, warned his colleagues of plans to arrest all its members in overnight raids. De Valera and others ignored the warnings on the argument that, if the arrests happened, they would constitute a

2692:, which removed virtually all of London's remaining authority over the Free State and the other dominions. This had the effect of granting the Free State internationally recognised independence, thus fulfilling Collins' vision of having "the freedom to achieve freedom". 2336:

would continue to do so. "We want to avoid any possible unnecessary destruction and loss of life. We do not want to mitigate their weakness by resolute action beyond what is required". But if Republicans did not accept his terms, "further blood is on their shoulders".

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While the country teetered on the edge of civil war, continuous meetings were carried on among the various factions from January to June 1922. In these discussions, the nationalists strove to resolve the issue without armed conflict. Collins and his close associate,

839:, James Santry, and his headmaster at Lisavaird National School, Denis Lyons, as the first nationalists to personally inspire his "pride of Irishness". Lyons was a member of the IRB, while Santry's family had participated in, and forged arms for, the rebellions of 1293:

in 1919. At this time, most of the Dáil Éireann's ministries existed only on paper or as one or two individuals working in a room of a private house, as large gatherings of Irish republican politicians would be vulnerable to raid attempts by British Crown forces.

1023:, James Connolly and other members of the Rising leadership. The Rising was put down after six days, but the insurgents achieved their goal of holding their positions for the minimum time required to justify a claim to independence under international criteria. 1470:

hidden in potatoes. Local guerrilla units received supplies, training and had largely a free hand to develop the war in their own region. These were the "flying columns" who comprised the bulk of the War of Independence rank and file in the southwest. Collins,

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De Valera is alleged to have declared in 1966, "It is my considered opinion that in the fullness of time history will record the greatness of Michael Collins; and it will be recorded at my expense." However, there is no evidence he ever made this remark.

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this time the British still had very few reliable photographs of him.) The Cabinet of seven split on the issue, with de Valera casting the deciding vote. Many of Collins' associates warned him not to go, that he was being set up as a political scapegoat.

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Nonetheless, he knew that elements of the Treaty would cause controversy in Ireland. Upon signing the treaty, F. E. Smith remarked "I may have signed my political death warrant tonight". Collins replied "I may have signed my actual death warrant".

1301:, the Dáil Loan raised almost £400,000, of which £25,000 was in gold. The loan, which was declared illegal by the British, was lodged in the individual bank accounts of the trustees. The gold was kept under the floor of O'Connor's house until 1922. The 1636:, with Andrew Cope representing Dublin Castle's British authorities. Later, de Valera travelled to London for the first official contact with Lloyd George. The two met one-on-one in a private meeting, the proceedings of which have never been revealed. 1086:

after his release Mrs. Clarke appointed Collins Secretary to the National Aid and Volunteers Dependents Fund and subsequently passed on to him the secret organisational information and contacts which she had held in trust for the independence movement.

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into his ear, but Collins was clearly close to death if not already dead. He was lifted into the back of the touring car with his head resting against Dalton's shoulder. The convoy cleared the dray cart obstruction and resumed its journey to Cork.

2082:. This manifesto declared that "a closing of ranks all round is necessary" to prevent "the greatest catastrophe in Irish history". It called for new elections, to be followed by the re-unification of the government and army, whatever the result. 1631:

De Valera was widely acknowledged as the most skilful negotiator on the Dáil government side and he participated in the initial parlays, agreeing the basis on which talks could begin. The first meetings were held in strict secrecy soon after the

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Roughly two weeks after Cork city had been taken by Provisional Government forces, Collins travelled there to attempt to seize large sums of money that the anti-Treaty Republicans had lodged in various banks, under the account of the Land Bank.

6811: 1615:. Arrangements were made for a conference between the British government and the leaders of the yet-unrecognised Republic. There remains uncertainty as to the two sides' capability to have carried on the conflict much longer. Collins told 2378:

A newspaper in Boston—a U.S. city with a large population of Irish immigrants—described Collins with adulation, describing his "contempt for danger" through several prior attempts on his life, including a separate attempt only a few days

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government established under British law with royal assent, which would be recognised by Westminster as pertaining to the Free State dominion that had been agreed under the Treaty. Despite the abdication of a large part of the Dáil, the

1486:, who reported directly to Collins at St Ita's secret basement GHQ in central Dublin. They were supported by a vast intelligence network of men and women in all walks of life that reached deep into the British administration in Ireland. 4277: 1640:

would travel to the London peace conference and negotiate a treaty. In a departure from his usual role, de Valera adamantly declined to attend, insisting instead that Collins should take his place there, along with Arthur Griffith.

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Still, it was not the British government that initiated negotiations. Individual English activists, including clergy, made private overtures which reached Arthur Griffith. Griffith expressed his welcome for dialogue. The British MP

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the day, leaving just five or six men on the scene. Two were disarming a mine in the road, while three on a laneway overlooking them, provided cover. A dray cart, placed across the road, remained at the far end of the ambush site.

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attacked the Catholic community in retaliation for IRA actions. More than 500 people were killed, more than 8,000 workers were driven out of their jobs, and more than 10,000 became refugees – mostly from the Catholic minority (see

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falling out with Cathal Brugha; but at critical junctures, he could also bow to majority decisions which were profoundly disadvantageous and dangerous to his own interests, such as his appointment to the Treaty negotiating team.

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The Collins 22 Society established in 2002 is an international organisation dedicated to keeping the name and legacy of Michael Collins in living memory. The patron of the society is Ireland's former Minister for Justice and TD

2168:—two London-based IRA volunteers, who had served in World War I, in which O'Sullivan had lost a leg—outside Wilson's home at 36 Eaton Place at approximately 2:20 pm. He was in full uniform as he was returning from unveiling the 3358: 3322: 2383:

In August 1922, it seemed as though the Civil War was winding down. The Free State had regained control of most of the country, and Collins was making frequent trips to inspect areas recently recovered from anti-Treaty forces.

2913:(Director of Programming for the BBC at that time) resulted in the play eventually being broadcast; Attenborough took the view that the imperatives of free speech could not be compromised in the cause of political expediency. 1452:

As the war began in earnest, de Valera travelled to the United States for an extended speaking tour to raise funds for the outlawed Republican government. It was in publicity for this tour that de Valera (who had been elected

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British Government until Ireland is recognised as an independent republic. The same effort that would get us Dominion Home Rule will get us a republic." At no time had the Dáil or the IRA asked for a conference or a truce.

1513:

In 1920, the British offered £10,000 (equivalent to £300,000 / €360,000 in 2010) for information leading to Collins' capture or death. He evaded capture and continued to strike against British forces, often operating from

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Sinn Féin swept the polls throughout much of Ireland, with many seats uncontested, and formed an overwhelming parliamentary majority in Ireland. Like many senior Sinn Féin representatives Collins was elected as an MP (for

3394: 2685:(Gill & Macmillan, 1997). In the 1960s, Taoiseach Seán Lemass, himself a veteran of the 1916 Rising and War of Independence, credited Collins' ideas as the basis for his successes in revitalizing Ireland's economy. 1549:

At the time of the ceasefire in July 1921 a major operation was allegedly in planning to execute every British secret service agent in Dublin, while a major ambush involving eighty officers and men was also planned for

6804: 772:. This was the clause in the treaty de Valera and other republican leaders found most difficult to accept. Collins viewed the treaty as offering "the freedom to achieve freedom", and helped persuade a majority of the 3155: 2832:"We've been waiting 700 years, you can have the seven minutes". Said by Collins on 16 January 1922 when arriving at Dublin Castle for the handover by British forces after being told that he was seven minutes late. 2605:

An annual commemoration ceremony takes place each year in August at the ambush site at Béal na Bláth, County Cork, organised by The Béal na mBláth Commemoration Committee. In 2009, the former President of Ireland

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Negotiations to prevent civil war resulted in, among others, "The Army Document" published in May 1922 which was signed by an equal number of pro- and anti-Treaty IRA officers including Collins, Dan Breen, and

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to the Provisional Government were passed on to the IRA. Because of this, most northern IRA units supported Collins and 524 individual volunteers came south to join the National Army in the Irish Civil War.

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Griffith had no desire or capacity to dispute the day-to-day conduct of government with him and while Mulcahy had great administrative capacity, he deferred to Collins as a strategist and thinker'. He also

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coup. The intelligence proved accurate and de Valera, along with Sinn Féin MPs who followed his advice, were arrested; Collins and others evaded incarceration. Collins reportedly spent time hiding among

1123:

Under Griffith's policy, Collins and other advocates of the "physical-force" approach to independence gained the cooperation of Sinn Féin, while agreeing to disagree with Griffith's moderate ideas of a

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which were impossible to escape from and difficult to supply. Public outcry placed pressure on the British government to end the internment and, in December 1916, the Frongoch prisoners were sent home.

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the group took cover behind a low grass bank bordering the road, but Collins then jumped up and ran back along the road to begin firing with his Lee Enfield rifle from behind the armoured car. The

1449:", and others. Officially or unofficially, many of these groups were given a free hand to institute a reign of terror, shooting Irish people indiscriminately, invading homes, looting and burning. 2482:

O'Neill remains a mysterious figure because of the contradictions in his biography: such as serving in the British Army but then joining the IRA. He provided them with information concerning the

1049:

Collins first began to emerge as a major figure in the vacuum created by the executions of the 1916 leadership. He began hatching plans for "next time" even before the prison ships left Dublin.

812:(IRB) movement. The elder Collins was 60 years old when he married Mary Anne O'Brien, then 23, in 1876. The marriage was apparently happy. They brought up eight children on a 90-acre (36 2905:

entitled "Michael Collins". The play dealt with Collins' attempt to take the gun out of Irish politics and took the perspective of the republican argument. At the time of writing the script,

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about Collins' last night alive. Set in his hotel room, the one-man production started Liam Brennan in the role of Collins and was produced by the Wiseguise Company. It was performed at the

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When an elder Sinn Fein veteran asked Collins: "Where were you in 1904 when I and others were founding the Sinn Fein movement?" He responded bluntly. "I was playing with marbles, damn you!"

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No official inquiry was ever undertaken into Collins' death and consequently, there is no official version of what happened, nor are there any authoritative, detailed contemporary records.

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released gold and silver commemorative coins on 15 August 2012 which feature a portrait of Michael Collins designed by Thomas Ryan based on a photograph taken not long before his death.

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In November, with the London peace talks still in progress, Collins attended a large meeting of regional IRA commanders at Parnell Place in Dublin. In a private conference, he informed

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which separated the governance of six counties in Ulster from the rest of Ireland. Collins was elected to a seat in Armagh, demonstrating popular support for the republican movement.

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Despite that, Collins managed to produce a Finance Ministry that was able to organise a large bond issue in the form of a "National Loan" to fund the new Irish Republic. According to

6840: 6824: 319: 7667: 1419:, enabling him to identify "G-Men", six of whom would be killed by the IRA. That summer he was elected president of the IRB (and therefore, in the doctrine of that organisation, 733:. In the ensuing War of Independence, he was Director of Organisation and Adjutant General for the Irish Volunteers, and Director of Intelligence of the IRA. He gained fame as a 9192: 4806: 2047:). The Provisional Government operated concurrently with the Dáil Éireann government under Griffith. Collins retained his position as Minister for Finance in both governments. 1526:

G.A.A. football match was taking place between Dublin and Tipperary. The police officers opened fire on the crowd, killing twelve and wounding sixty. This event became known as

3383: 2411:, to ask a question of a man standing at the crossroad. The man turned out to be an anti-Treaty sentry. He and an associate recognised Collins in the back of the open-top car. 7972: 7698: 6733: 2256:

and others who had not fought on the nationalist side before. Collins' profoundly mixed feelings about this situation are recorded in his private and official correspondence.

808:, on 16 October 1890, the third son and youngest of eight children. His father, Michael John (1815–1897), was a farmer and amateur mathematician, who had been a member of the 640: 1538:. In many regions, the RIC and other crown forces became all but confined to the strongest barracks in the larger towns as rural areas came increasingly under rebel control. 1779:". British forces would depart the Free State forthwith and be replaced by an Irish army. Along with an independent judiciary, the Treaty granted the new Free State greater 5400: 2647:

on Emmet Square, where Collins once lived, the museum, tells the life story of Collins through guided tours, interactive displays, audiovisuals and historical artefacts.

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where a number of foreign and Irish dignitaries were in attendance. Some 500,000 people attended his funeral, almost one-fifth of the country's population at that time.

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in Northern Ireland. It was soon disrupted by the Irish Civil War, in which Collins was commander-in-chief of the National Army. He was shot and killed in an ambush by

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Collins also conducted a series of meetings, regarding the possibility of peace talks in Cork on 21–22 August 1922. In Cork city, Collins met with neutral IRA members

1608:

made an urgent public appeal for a negotiated end to the violence. Whether or not Lloyd George welcomed such advisors, he could no longer hold out against this tide.

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At Frongoch he was one of the organisers of a programme of protest and non-cooperation with authorities. The camp proved an excellent opportunity for networking with

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commissioned a musical drama about Collins. "Michael Collins- A Musical Drama" by Bryan Flynn had a successful run in 2009 at Cork opera house and later in the

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working the bolt of his rifle he was struck in the head by a bullet believed to have been fired by one of the ambushing party – Denis "Sonny" O'Neill, a former

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to propose a truce. The anti-Treaty side had called a major convocation of officers to Béal na Bláth, a remote crossroads, with ending the war on the agenda.

2301:

There is also considerable evidence that Collins' journey to Cork in August 1922 was made in order to meet republican leaders with a view to ending the war.

9946: 5948: 781: 1966:. A policeman was shot dead in Belfast and in reprisal, police broke into Catholic homes nearby and shot residents in their beds, including children (see 1798:

The Treaty acknowledged the partition of Ireland. Before Treaty negotiations had concluded, executive powers had already been passed to the government of

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Michael Collins House museum in Clonakilty, Cork is a museum dedicated to Michael Collins and the history of Irish Independence. Situated in a restored

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In spring 1922, Collins, along with other IRB and IRA leaders, developed secret plans for a guerrilla offensive in Northern Ireland. It was to involve

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members of the convoy had to carry Collins' body on their shoulders. The touring car eventually had to be abandoned because of mechanical trouble.

1928: 1254:('First' or 'Prime' Minister but often translated as 'President of Dáil Éireann'). The following April, Collins engineered de Valera's escape from 9896: 7502: 7343: 7199: 7109: 6850: 3971: 3160: 2763: 2121: 1461:

Back in Ireland, Collins arranged the "National Loan", organised the IRA, effectively led the government, and managed arms-smuggling operations.

1935:"Of all the Dublin government ministers, Collins had been most deeply concerned about the fate of northern Catholics." In May 1921, Ireland was 10016: 9178: 8249: 8056: 7785: 7739: 7610: 6380: 6260: 2040: 1940: 1828:

force republicans" who made up the bulk of the army which had fought the British to a draw would be loath to accept dominion status within the

1000:

An organiser of considerable intelligence, Collins had become highly respected in the IRB. This led to his appointment as financial advisor to

17: 6846: 3289: 9976: 9324: 5045: 4905:"Patrick Concannon, Michael Collins, Northern Ireland and the Northern Offensive, May 1922, The Irish Story August 2019. Accessed March 2020" 3569: 2514:

to pay their respects, including many British soldiers departing Ireland who had fought against him. His funeral mass took place at Dublin's

350: 4594: 4021: 3502: 9524: 7816: 3701: 2996:, focused on the 1916 Easter Rising. Collins appeared as a background character, taking part in the uprising, played by Sebastian Thommen. 2554:

Among his famous last words is the final entry in his pocket diary, written on the journey that ended his life, "The people are splendid."

1133:, another veteran of 1916, stood for the presidency of Sinn Féin against Griffith, who stepped aside and supported de Valera's presidency. 9861: 3278: 9487: 4508: 1987: 46: 5545: 4090: 3226: 2315: 8497: 7684: 7495: 7336: 7192: 7102: 6789: 3418: 1129:

October 1917 Collins had risen to become a member of the executive of Sinn Féin and director of organisation for the Irish Volunteers.

6210:

McDonnell, Kathleen Keyes (1972). "There is a bridge at Bandon: A Personal Account of the Irish War of Independence". Cork and Dublin.

2835:"My own fellow countrymen won't kill me". Said by Collins on 20 August 1922 before leaving for Cork where he was ambushed and killed. 9966: 9961: 9956: 9886: 9344: 8560: 8242: 8118: 8049: 974: 3165: 1337:

in effect began on the day that the First Dáil convened, 21 January 1919. On that date, an ambush party of IRA Volunteers from the

957:, along with labour unrest, had led to the formation in 1913 of two major nationalist paramilitary groups which later launched the 777: 496: 3021: 10011: 7809: 6631: 6593: 5920: 1616: 1191: 1031: 941: 710: 343: 5885: 1046:

describes Collins' fortuitous move across the detention room in Richmond Barracks as "one of the luckiest escapes of his life".

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The man generally believed to have fired the fatal shot at Béal na Bláth, Denis "Sonny" O'Neill, was a former officer from the

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After the death of Collins, aid from the Provisional Government to the northern IRA was cut off. Belfast Brigade (IRA) leader

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In British legal tradition, Collins was now a Crown-appointed prime minister of a Commonwealth dominion, installed under the

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is a fictionalised account of Collins' life. Unlike the real Michael Collins, the fictionalised "Dennis Riordan" (played by

2423:

in that car had also been firing at the attackers but then stopped because a badly loaded ammunition belt caused it to jam.

1931:). After the death of Collins, his concern for the plight of northern Catholics was made clear by the Belfast IRA commander 1342: 10001: 9981: 9891: 9582: 6602: 6564: 4670: 3128:, about a meeting between Winston Churchill and Collins. The play premiered in 2006 for the Edinburgh Festival Fringe with 1566:, commander of British forces in Ireland, reported to his government that the Empire's only hope of holding Ireland was by 5426: 3063:(1983) about Collins' life and death, although it begins when he was about 16 and took a job in London. Celtic metal band 2196:. Participants in that discussion were Joe Dolan, Florence O'Donoghue, Denis P. Kelleher, Patrick O'Sullivan, and others. 9114: 8756: 7519: 7360: 7216: 7126: 5810: 3430: 2487: 2189: 1868: 9931: 9926: 9921: 6444: 5692: 4980: 1534:

next day. About the same time, Tom Barry's 3rd Cork Brigade took no prisoners in a bitter battle with British forces at

627:, soldier and politician who was a leading figure in the early-20th century struggle for Irish independence. During the 9732: 9537: 9250: 8798: 8553: 8218: 6509: 6200: 6058: 5474: 4502: 4084: 3829: 3804: 3681: 3656: 3625: 3220: 2635: 2248:

since the Truce. Formed from a nucleus of pro-Treaty IRA men, it had evolved into a more formal, structured, uniformed

2232: 2169: 1725: 1235: 1078: 1053: 910: 5534:. Studies in the Social and Cultural History of Modern Warfare. Vol. 13. Cambridge University Press. p. 87. 9841: 9727: 9652: 9240: 9128: 8618: 7749: 7615: 7023: 6943: 6103: 5841: 3460: 2909:

had just begun in Northern Ireland and the BBC was reluctant to broadcast the production. An appeal by the author to

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in 1966 on the album "Ένας όμηρος" ("A hostage") and became an instant success. It was the soundtrack of the movie

2848: 1203: 882: 663: 7080: 5904: 2259: 9971: 9856: 9846: 9783: 9778: 9667: 8451: 8421: 7600: 7446: 5670: 5392: 3999: 2490:. In the 1940s, twenty years after Collins' death, the Irish State granted O'Neill a captain's military pension. 9881: 7050: 6970: 5940: 3084:

lamenting the death of Collins was translated into Greek in 1961 by Vasilis Rotas. In October of the same year,

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The settlement overturned the Act of Union by recognising the native Irish legislature's independence. Under a

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prosecutions under British law entailing the death penalty and also by extrajudicial killings such as that of

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O'Reilly, Terence, Rebel Heart: George Lennon Flying Column Commander, p164, Mercier 2009, ISBN 1-85635-649-3

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composed the song "Tο γελαστό παιδί" ("The laughing boy") using Rotas' translation. The song was recorded by

2815:"That volley which we have just heard is the only speech which it is proper to make over the grave of a dead 2391:

On 22 August 1922, Collins set out from Cork City on a circuitous tour of West Cork. He passed first through

2157: 1852: 1740: 1706: 1290: 1074: 8361: 4181:

The Irish Revolution, 1912-1923, p.94, Pat McCarthy, Four Courts Press, Dublin, 2015, ISBN 978-1-84682-410-4

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Following the surrender, Collins was arrested and taken into British custody. He was processed at Dublin's

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The Crown responded with an escalation of the war, with the importation of special forces such as the "

978: 797: 659: 624: 413: 5744: 3975: 2966:

in the title role. Collins' great-grandnephew, Aengus O'Malley, played a student in a scene filmed in

2471:. O'Neill had joined the IRA in 1918 and had met Collins on more than one occasion. However, when the 780:

was formed under his chairmanship in early 1922. During this time he secretly provided support for an

9567: 9269: 8724: 8381: 6550: 6489: 5639:

Kennerk, Barry and Alison Healy, Evidence of an Irish Politician's Scruples on Expenses...in 1922 in

3115: 1807: 1678: 1334: 1199: 628: 584: 2987:, a 2007 British documentary television series, devoted its eighth episode to the death of Collins. 2451:

Dublin. From there it was removed to the City Hall beside Dublin Castle where it was laid in state.

1604:

that was printed in the Times, outlining how a peace conference with the Irish should be organised.

1384: 9107: 8784: 8710: 8148: 6396:

Ireland's 1916 Rising: Explorations of History-making, Commemoration & Heritage in Modern Times

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economically non-viable, and facilitating the reunification of the 32 counties in the near future.

1358: 1035: 954: 894: 687: 662:, County Cork, the youngest of eight children. He moved to London in 1906 to become a clerk in the 94: 9592: 8411: 6538: 5053: 3566: 2079: 1943:. In early 1922, there were clashes along the new border between the IRA on the Southern side and 1100:

Collins became one of the leading figures in the post-Rising independence movement spearheaded by

9871: 9804: 9472: 9329: 8749: 8581: 8306: 7631: 4598: 4228: 3474: 3009: 2978: 2756: 2651: 2400: 2276: 2264: 2253: 2249: 2114: 1784: 1760: 844: 840: 648: 545: 5822:"Michael Collins and the treaty: His differences with de Valera" (1981) chapter 4 by T.R. Dwyer. 3697: 2573:. In letters between the two, he credits Kiernan as having given him a newfound appreciation of 9672: 8777: 8588: 6408:

Regan, John M. "Michael Collins, General Commanding‐in‐Chief, as a Historiographical Problem."

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which dealt with his role in the Civil War, the treaty and his eventual death. Also a song by

2367:

A replica of the Crossley Tender in Collins' convoy on a replica of the road where it happened

1015:

1916, Collins served as Joseph Plunkett's aide-de-camp at the rebellion's headquarters in the

909:, County Cork, introduced the 19-year-old Collins to the IRB. In 1915 he moved to work in the 9742: 9215: 9157: 8881: 8684: 7456: 7271: 7168: 5529: 4074: 3648: 3642: 3617: 3611: 3210: 2700: 2644: 2597: 2574: 2407:, an isolated crossroads. There they stopped at a local pub named 'Long's Pub', now known as 2218:

with artillery shells in an attempt to remove the anti-Treaty IRA. This was the start of the

1963: 1694: 1430: 1338: 1325:. The jewels remained in a Dublin house until 1938, when they were handed over to de Valera. 1243: 1207: 1166: 1117: 1061: 1001: 866:, while at weekends he returned to the family farm. Patrick O'Driscoll founded the newspaper 863: 8108: 6091: 1802:

created under the Government of Ireland Act in 1920. Northern Ireland, which had a majority

9851: 9836: 9477: 9462: 9382: 9377: 9284: 8153: 7451: 7281: 2165: 1991:

official or attached to the executive should be permitted to invade the six county area".

1936: 1768: 1527: 1322: 742: 308: 9952:

Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Cork constituencies (1801–1922)

9657: 9004: 4076:

The Roots and Consequences of 20th-Century Warfare: Conflicts that Shaped the Modern World

3077:, simply named "Michael", depicts Collins' death and the sadness surrounding his funeral. 3049:. It details Collins' career, from the Easter Rising to his death at Béal na Bláth. Irish 2305: 1507: 1381:. From that time Collins filled a number of roles in addition to his legislative duties. 949:

after the failed Easter Rising. Collins is fifth from the right with an 'x' over his head.

8: 9712: 9562: 9357: 9047: 8763: 8546: 8366: 6470: 6346: 4945:

The Legacy of History: For Making Peace in Ireland – Lectures and Commemorative Addresses

4807:"Partition at 100: IRA's Northern Offensive of May 1922 was doomed to disastrous failure" 2917: 2618:

person to give the oration. In 2012 on the 90th anniversary of the death of Collins, the

2420: 2396: 2349: 1911: 1803: 1589: 1255: 1109: 982: 3937: 3102:(1967–1974) and remains to date one of the most popular songs in Greek popular culture. 2308:

and Florence O'Donoghue with a view to contacting Anti-Treaty IRA leaders Tom Barry and

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population, could opt out of the Free State, a year after the signing of the Treaty. An

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Ronan, Fanning, The Fatal Path, British Government and Irish Revolution 1910–1922, p288

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by other policemen after a struggle. Dunne and O'Sullivan were convicted of murder and

2031: 1908: 1771:, the executive authority would remain vested in the king, represented in Ireland by a 1748: 1661: 1601: 1466: 1438: 1374: 1178: 962: 757: 644: 451: 430: 8012: 7962: 7847: 7441: 7379: 7312: 7235: 6032: 5882: 2272:

was placed in charge of it. The Four Courts surrendered after three days of fighting.

1947:(USC) on the Northern side, as well as a resurgence of sectarian violence in Belfast. 1400: 1162: 1130: 1089: 753: 9687: 9542: 9437: 9412: 9387: 8731: 8466: 8431: 8356: 8203: 7877: 6836: 6776: 6529: 6429: 6331: 6222: 6216: 6196: 6155: 6136: 6099: 6092: 6076: 6054: 6047: 5837: 5779: 5602: 5535: 5470: 5241: 5220: 4498: 4080: 3825: 3800: 3677: 3652: 3621: 3525: 3498: 3456: 3216: 3085: 2930: 2725: 2611: 2439: 2051: 1895:

A map of Ireland showing the border between Northern Ireland and the Irish Free State

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He was a bright and precocious child with a fiery temper and a passionate feeling of

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Members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland for County Armagh constituencies

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John M. Regan, Myth and the Irish State (Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 2013), pp. 91

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oversaw tactics and general strategy. There were also regional organisers, such as

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where he remained until his return to Ireland the following year joining part-time

877:

examination in Cork in February 1906 and moved to the home of his sister Hannie in

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List of members of the Oireachtas imprisoned during the Irish revolutionary period

1783:

than any Irish state, and went well beyond the Home Rule which had been sought by

1011:

The Rising was Collins' first appearance in national events. When it commenced on

989:

were created in the same year by nationalists in response to the formation of the

9511: 9503: 9452: 9447: 9442: 9417: 9407: 9397: 9362: 9303: 9025: 8854: 8840: 8791: 8770: 8664: 8646: 8346: 8316: 8311: 8281: 8213: 8178: 8158: 8138: 8123: 8017: 7882: 7872: 7729: 7574: 7538: 7461: 7415: 7266: 7173: 6768: 6692: 6556: 6448: 5970: 5927: 5908: 5889: 5870: 5501: 5447:'Gunman believed to have killed Michael Collins was granted a military pension', 5380: 5373: 5327:

Dermot Keogh, Michael Collins, the making of the Irish Free State, (2006) p.67-68

4774:

Imagining Ireland's Independence: The Debates Over the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921

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gave diplomatic recognition to the Irish Republic, despite sustained lobbying in

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Regan, John M. (2012). "The "Bandon Valley Massacre" as a Historical Problem".

6068: 6042: 5857: 5497:"Gunman believed to have killed Michael Collins was granted a military pension" 5422: 5309:

Charles Townshend, The Republic, The Fight for Irish Independence (2013), p.423

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Charles Townshend, The Republic, The Fight for Irish Independence (2013), p.407

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Charles Townshend, The Republic, The Fight for Irish Independence (2013), p.406

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two factions would then join to form a coalition government of national unity.

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and widely considered the Rising's foremost organiser, had designated his wife

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Government. On 14 April 1922, a group of 200 anti-Treaty IRA men occupied the

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strategist, planning many successful attacks on British forces together with '

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Collins and the IRA were a major source of inspiration for the leader of the

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British Spies and Irish Rebels: British Intelligence and Ireland, 1916-1945

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Sean Boyne, Emmet Dalton, Somme Soldier, Irish General, Film Pioneer p.138

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Mr Bewley in Berlin. Four Courts Press. p. 13. ISBN 978-1-85182-559-2

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The Provisional Government, led by Collins, gave the order to bombard the

2005:

stated: "When Collins was killed the northern element gave up all hope".

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Regan, John M. "Irish public histories as an historiographical problem."

6189: 4260: 3054: 2963: 2953: 2820: 2670: 2215: 1986:, which would cripple the IRA in Northern Ireland. The offensive saw the 1982:

Northern government launched a massive security crackdown and introduced

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that mentioned the King. Also controversial was the British retention of

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Michael Hopkinson, Green Against Green, The Irish Civil War,(2004) p.115

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Michael Hopkinson, Green Against Green, The Irish Civil War,(2004) p.114

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was formed with Michael Collins as Chairman of the Cabinet (effectively

870:

and Collins helped out with general reporting and preparing the issues.

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Assassination: the death of Sir Henry Wilson and the tragedy of Ireland

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this though the actual decision seems to have been taken by Griffith'.

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Assassination: the death of Sir Henry Wilson and the tragedy of Ireland

2128: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2018: 1983: 1841: 1732: 1702: 1682: 1652: 1515: 1471: 1446: 1425:

President of the Irish Republic). In mid-1919, he was made Director of

1412: 1373:. The two policemen were shot dead during the engagement, known as the 1215: 898: 855: 836: 671: 7801: 5666: 5481:

Sonny O'Neill, the man generally believed to have fired the fatal shot

1701:

as well as substantial intelligence and bodyguard personnel including

1458:

organisation's constitution had a different definition of that title.

1202:, Sinn Féin MPs had announced that they would not take their seats in 9627: 8958: 8574: 8416: 7832: 6480:

Hang Up Your Brightest Colours: The Life And Death Of Michael Collins

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in 1973, but refused transmission. It was eventually screened by the

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under British law, creating Northern Ireland, and unionists formed a

1775:, but exercised by an Irish government elected by Dáil Éireann as a " 1576: 1426: 1362: 1346: 906: 769: 481: 5238:

The Green Flag: The Turbulent History of the Irish National Movement

2942:

as David Lloyd George. In 2007, RTÉ produced a documentary entitled

2741: 2581:. Collins attended Mass regularly throughout the ensuing civil war. 2103: 1851:

all but one voted to accept the Treaty – the single exception being

1112:, (which Collins had read avidly as a boy.) Griffith's organisation 8703: 6494:

1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War

6133:

Big Fellow, Long Fellow: A Joint Biography of Collins and De Valera

4787:

From Partition to Brexit, The Irish Government and Northern Ireland

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to unify all the various factions within the nationalist movement.

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De Valera, Eamonn, correspondence to Michael Collins, 13 July 1921

3862: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3854: 3852: 3850: 3848: 3846: 3844: 3098:(1969). "The laughing boy" became the song of protest against the 3067:

recorded a song also titled "Michael Collins" on their 2004 album

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which was signed on 6 December 1921. The agreement provided for a

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as Secretary General to the delegation) set up headquarters at 22

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from July until his death in an ambush in August 1922, during the

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gave the oration, the first serving head of government to do so.

2524: 2392: 1919: 1519: 813: 7935: 6270:

In Great Haste: The Letters of Michael Collins and Kitty Kiernan

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Commemorating the Irish Civil War: History and Memory, 1923–2000

5463:

Commemorating the Irish Civil War: History and Memory, 1923–2000

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Bust of Michael Collins at Merrion Square Park, Dublin, Ireland.

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Cork Mid, North, South, South East and West (Dáil constituency)

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from all over the country, of which he became a key organiser.

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Northern Divisions The Old IRA and the Belfast Pogroms 1920-22

2252:

that was armed and funded by Britain. Many of the new members

1922:

saw "savage and unprecedented" sectarian violence. Protestant

893:, Horne and Company. While living in London he studied law at 641:

Chairman of the Provisional Government of the Irish Free State

106:

You can help by providing page numbers for existing citations.

9937:

Members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland 1921–1925

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Provisional Government minutes, Public Records Office, Dublin

3938:"Michael Collins hid from Black and Tans among Dublin's Jews" 3479:

International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence

3431:'Who was Michael Collins’ mother? Mary Anne O’Brien explored' 2889: 2510:

for three days. Tens of thousands of mourners filed past his

1914:

majority there, who wanted to remain part of the UK, and the

1317:

to acquire a "national loan" from the Irish Republic through

1302: 6152:

The Squad and the Intelligence Operations of Michael Collins

5393:"Rebels Kill Michael Collins / Irish Leader Slain in Ambush" 5017:

Michael Collins – Winston Churchill correspondence June 1922

4366:

Michael Collins, quoted by columnist CW Ackerman August 1920

4301: 4299: 4160:"Dublin's Jewish lord mayor recalls meeting Zionist leaders" 4855:

British Cabinet minutes 16/42 Public Records Office, London

3433:. Irish Heritage News, 13 April 2023. Retrieved 24 May 2024 3384:"26th February 1876 – Marriage of Michael Collins' parents" 2034:. The provisions of the Treaty required the formation of a 1918:

Irish nationalist minority, who backed Irish independence.

858:

National School. During the week he stayed with his sister

682:. He returned to Ireland in January 1916 and fought in the 5719:"Yitzhak Shamir dies at 96; former Israeli prime minister" 2892:

in 1993 and across the United Kingdom the following year.

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There is also a remembrance ceremony at Collins' grave in

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unanswered questions linger about what happened that day.

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in England, after which Brugha was replaced by de Valera.

827:

Michael Collins aged 10-11 at newly built Woodfield House.

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Debate on the Treaty between Great Britain and Ireland...

4296: 2946:, about the intelligence war which took place in Dublin. 2885: 2688:

Nine years after his death, the UK Parliament passed the

2235:, a Free State general, and held him in the Four Courts. 6510:

Collins family in the 1901 Irish census, Michael aged 10

6288:

The Big Fellow: Michael Collins and the Irish Revolution

6279:

With Michael Collins in the fight for Irish independence

4479:

With Michael Collins in the Fight For Irish Independence

4022:"Russian jewels hidden in Dublin chimney breast in 1920" 4008:

With Michael Collins in the Fight For Irish Independence

4828:, BTP Publications, Belfast, pg 160, ISBN 1-900960-11-7 4233:

Florence and Josephine O'Donoghue's War of Independence

4010:, 2nd ed., Millstreet: Aubane Historical Society. (p87) 3779:. Collins 22 Society, undated. Retrieved 24 August 2024 748:

After the July 1921 ceasefire, Collins was one of five

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My Political Life. Volume Two: War and Peace 1914–1929

3348:"3rd August 1852 – Baptism of Michael Collins' mother" 2502:

Sean Collins behind the coffin of his brother Michael.

2467:

who served as a sniper in the British Army during the

2041:

Provisional Government (Rialtas Sealadach na hÉireann)

1693:

with the delegation's publicity department, secretary

9200: 5941:"Edinburgh Festival: God Save Ireland Cried The Hero" 5831: 4763:, Merrion Press, Newbridge, pg 76, ISBN 9781785372933 4581:

Liam Weeks, Michael O Fatharthaigh, The Treaty, p.279

3312:"17th July 1815 – Baptism of Michael Collins' father" 3136:, a great-great-grandnephew of Collins, playing him. 745:

of key British intelligence agents in November 1920.

635:(IRA) and a government minister of the self-declared 8264: 8071: 6436:

Whelan, Kevin. "The revisionist debate in Ireland."

6310:

Florence and Josephine O'Donoghue's Irish Revolution

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The Shooting of Michael Collins: Murder or Accident?

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The Shooting of Michael Collins: Murder or Accident?

5285:

The Shooting of Michael Collins: Murder or Accident?

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erroneously gives his birth date as 12 October 1890.

2355:

Collins' body laid out at Shanakiel Hospital in Cork

2332:

Government and the anti-Treaty side for some weeks.

2093: 889:. In 1910 he became a messenger at a London firm of 756:, to negotiate peace terms in London. The resulting 4494:

Britain and Ireland: From Home Rule to Independence

3988:

Collins 22 Society Page on "The National Loan 1920"

3212:

Michael Collins and the Women Who Spied for Ireland

2610:gave the oration. In 2010 the Minister for Finance 1497:It was at this time that Collins created a special 1004:, father of one of the Easter Rising's organisers, 697:Collins subsequently rose through the ranks of the 6296: 6188: 6046: 2532:, Dublin (contemporary newspaper depiction of the 2327:'s funeral, a few days before Collins's own death. 1716:The British team were led by their Prime Minister 1689:on 11 October 1921. Collins shared quarters at 15 7358: 7214: 6124:Michael Collins and the Making of the Irish State 6024:Michael Collins and The Making of the New Ireland 5198:Peter Hart, Mick, The Real Michael Collins, p.398 4892: 4632:Frank Pakenham, Peace by Ordeal, (1972), p209-211 4550:Frank Pakenham, Peace by Ordeal, (1972) p.245-247 4403:Michael Collins and the Making of the Irish State 3215:(2nd ed.). Cork: Mercier Press. p. 71. 2054:. To be so installed he had to formally meet the 1518:near government buildings, such as Vaughan's and 9828: 8512: 4589: 4587: 3045:" which was the first track on their 1994 album 1530:. Many British operatives sought the shelter of 320:Cork Mid, North, South, South East and West 9987:People of the Irish Civil War (Pro-Treaty side) 4981:"The Constitution of the Irish Free State 1922" 4846:Michael Collins letter to Churchill 6 June 1922 4837:MC official correspondence, 5 and 10 April 1922 4399:Michael Collins – The Northern Question 1916–22 4335:Cabinet Office, (Westminster government) London 3475:"Michael Collins and the Craft of Intelligence" 3161:List of people on the postage stamps of Ireland 1855:, later Chief-of-Staff of the anti-Treaty IRA. 1787:or by his Irish Parliamentary Party successors 1415:smuggled Collins into G Division's archives in 760:, signed in December 1921, would establish the 6307: 6294: 6094:The Anglo-Irish War: The Troubles of 1913–1922 5836:. Kildare: Irish Academic Press. p. 161. 5806: 5804: 5802: 5800: 5335: 5333: 3279:"16th October 1890 – Birth of Michael Collins" 2090:plus 4 Unionists from Trinity College Dublin. 1580:and other leading periodicals, members of the 1474:and regional commanders such as Dan Breen and 1361:(RIC) men who were escorting a consignment of 717:. Sinn Féin's elected members (later known as 674:, through which he became associated with the 27:Irish revolutionary and politician (1890–1922) 9186: 8498: 8250: 8057: 7817: 7668: 7503: 7344: 7200: 7110: 6805: 5772:"An Irish Legend's Life And Mysterious Death" 5745:"Sinn Fein and the Zionists | | The Guardian" 5652:Collins, Michael (Costello, Francis J., Ed.) 5029: 4881: 4879: 4865: 4863: 4861: 4736:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 90–92. 4701: 4699: 4697: 4687: 4685: 4683: 4584: 4473: 4471: 4426: 4424: 4393: 4391: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4112: 4110: 4108: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3647:. Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing. pp. 2899:wrote an episode of the UK television series 2263:Michael Collins as Commander-in-Chief of the 1305:, in the midst of its own civil war, ordered 729:of the Irish Republic. Collins was appointed 351:President of the Irish Republican Brotherhood 7937:Previous offices under earlier constitutions 6285: 6276: 4019: 3241: 3057:recorded a song titled "Michael Collins" on 2928:covered Collins' death. A made-for-TV film, 2823:in Glasnevin Cemetery on 30 September 1917. 2632:on the anniversary of his death every year. 1929:The Troubles in Northern Ireland (1920–1922) 1747:The negotiations ultimately resulted in the 873:Leaving school at fifteen, Collins took the 9947:Members of the Irish Republican Brotherhood 7517: 6825:Cork Mid, North, South, South East and West 6267: 5797: 5579:Michael Collins field diary, 22 August 1922 5330: 2770:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2639:Michael Collins grave at Glasnevin Cemetery 2454: 1420: 1019:(GPO) in Dublin. There he fought alongside 997:body pledged to oppose Home Rule by force. 752:sent by the Dáil cabinet at the request of 623:; 16 October 1890 – 22 August 1922) was an 9193: 9179: 8505: 8491: 8257: 8243: 8064: 8050: 7824: 7810: 7682: 7675: 7661: 7510: 7496: 7351: 7337: 7207: 7193: 7117: 7103: 6812: 6798: 6473:(dual memorial volume) available from the 6379:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6259:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5834:The Irish Republican Brotherhood 1914-1924 5364:Hopkinson, Green against Green, p. 177-178 4923: 4876: 4858: 4694: 4680: 4635: 4561:The Aftermath: 1918–1922. The World Crisis 4468: 4421: 4388: 4369: 4105: 3881: 3445: 1994:However, in early August Collins wrote to 1227:and once cursing at the Black and Tans in 937:Collins as a IRA Lt during the 1916 Rising 155: 9907:Irish Republican Army (1919–1922) members 8001:President of the Irish Republic (1919–22) 7124: 6557:Newspaper clippings about Michael Collins 6547:addressed to him from family and friends. 6326:Stewart, Anthony Terence Quincey (1997). 6209: 6073:Michael Collins: The Man Who Made Ireland 6012: 5856:"Michael Collins: A Biography" (1990) by 5491: 5489: 3899: 3419:'Michael Collins headstone Kilkerranmore' 3110:Journalist Eamonn O'Neill wrote the play 2790:Learn how and when to remove this message 2475:started in June 1922, O'Neill joined the 2144:Learn how and when to remove this message 2008: 1246:in January 1919. In de Valera's absence, 975:Irish Transport and General Workers Union 184:16 January 1922 – 22 August 1922 122:Learn how and when to remove this message 68:Learn how and when to remove this message 6089: 5769: 5351: 5349: 4942: 4801: 4799: 4797: 4795: 3819: 3567:"Examining Irish leader's youthful past" 3020: 2847: 2661: 2634: 2596: 2556: 2523: 2497: 2373: 2314: 2292: 2258: 2209: 2012: 1890: 1651: 1488: 1383: 1140: 1088: 940: 932: 822: 694:, but he was released in December 1916. 686:. He was taken prisoner and held in the 7831: 6364: 6325: 6316: 6235: 6121: 6030: 6021: 5832:O'Beirne Ranelagh, John (7 June 2024). 5277: 4776:. Rowman & Littlefield, 2006. p.104 3836:Nancy O'Brien cousin of Michael Collins 3376: 1280: 1038:in Wales after two months captivity in 631:he was Director of Intelligence of the 363:November 1920 – 22 August 1922 266:22 January 1919 – 1 April 1919 14: 9897:Heads of Irish provisional governments 9829: 7973:Chairman of the Provisional Government 7699:Chairman of the Provisional Government 6734:Chairman of the Provisional Government 6355: 6344: 6244: 6214: 6180:Sinn Féin: One Hundred Turbulent Years 6177: 6168: 6067: 6041: 5938: 5548:from the original on 23 September 2021 5486: 5092:from the original on 23 September 2021 4511:from the original on 23 September 2021 4093:from the original on 23 September 2021 4072: 3791: 3761: 3640: 3609: 3562: 3560: 3505:from the original on 23 September 2021 3472: 3400:from the original on 21 September 2013 3391:Church Records on Irish Genealogy Site 3364:from the original on 21 September 2013 3355:Church Records on Irish Genealogy Site 3328:from the original on 21 September 2013 3319:Church Records on Irish Genealogy Site 3304: 3292:from the original on 23 September 2021 2920:documentary made by Colm Connolly for 2843: 2819:." Said by Collins at the funeral of 1840:on the south coast of Ireland for the 1600:sent an open letter to Prime Minister 1328: 1198:in London. Unlike their rivals in the 1196:House of Commons of the United Kingdom 226:2 April 1919 – 22 August 1922 172:Chairman of the Provisional Government 10017:Politicians assassinated in the 1920s 9325:Brigades of the Irish Republican Army 9174: 8486: 8238: 8045: 7934: 7805: 7656: 7491: 7332: 7188: 7098: 6793: 6780: 6415: 6247:The Life and Death of Michael Collins 6149: 6130: 6112: 5588: 5527: 5509:from the original on 3 September 2018 5460: 5355:Hopkinson, Green Against Green, p.177 5346: 5207:Hopkinson, Green Against Green, p.117 4911:from the original on 23 December 2019 4792: 4731: 4490: 4434:, London, Prendeville Publishing 1999 4251:, London, Prendeville Publishing 1999 4032:from the original on 28 December 2019 3935: 3917:from the original on 21 February 2011 3787: 3785: 3676:. London: Macmillan. pp. 26–29. 3523: 3286:Civil Records on Irish Genealogy Site 3229:from the original on 26 December 2018 3025:Wax figure of Michael Collins at the 2838: 2017:Michael Collins addresses a crowd in 1859:officially splitting the government. 1759:", whose relationship to the British 1647: 977:(ITGWU) to protect strikers from the 881:, where he became a boy clerk in the 9977:People killed in the Irish Civil War 6475:Digital Library@Villanova University 6186: 5869:"Michael Collins: A Life" (1996) by 5770:Weinraub, Bernard (9 October 1996). 5656:, Dublin, Gill & Macmillan, 1997 5570:, Dublin, Gill & MacMillan 1980. 5298:Kathleen Clarke: Revolutionary Woman 5230: 4235:, Dublin, Irish Academic Press, 2006 4147:Kathleen Clarke: Revolutionary Woman 4134:Kathleen Clarke: Revolutionary Woman 3894:Sinn Fein: a Hundred Turbulent Years 3764:Kathleen Clarke: Revolutionary Woman 3671: 3421:. Irish Heritage News, 13 April 2023 3271: 3208: 2768:adding citations to reliable sources 2735: 2126:adding citations to reliable sources 2097: 1238:(meaning "Assembly of Ireland", see 79: 52:Please help consolidate the article. 29: 5951:from the original on 21 August 2019 5811:The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations 5699:from the original on 16 August 2012 5591:"Michael Collins's Religious Faith" 5403:from the original on 31 August 2021 5218:The Politics of the Irish Civil War 4970:, Dublin, Gill & Macmillan 1981 4734:The Partition of Ireland: 1918–1925 4722:, Cork, Cork University Press, 2003 4645:, Dublin, Gill & MacMillan 1980 4357:(London: Hutchinson, 1953), p. 230. 3557: 3517: 3259:from the original on 30 August 2018 2934:, was produced in 1991 and starred 2724:also studied Collins' practices of 2156:Six days after the Pact elections, 1886: 1611:In July, Lloyd George's government 854:At the age of thirteen he attended 24: 8554:Physical force Irish republicanism 7949:President of the Executive Council 6782:Michael Collins navigational boxes 6500:Michael Collins 22 Society webpage 5977:from the original on 20 March 2015 5595:Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review 5374:Michael Collins Centre, Clonakilty 5259:1922: The Birth of Irish Democracy 4597:. 19 December 1921. Archived from 4456:British Cabinet minutes, memoranda 3896:, Dublin; O'Brien Press Ltd., 2002 3782: 3752:Mainstream Publishing, 1996. p. 46 3735:Stewart, Anthony Terence Quincey. 3665: 3634: 3603: 3582: 3473:Murphy, John F. (17 August 2010). 3178: 2807:, grand-niece of Michael Collins. 2528:Funeral of Michael Collins in the 2170:Great Eastern Railway War Memorial 1510:, nationalist mayor of Cork City. 911:Guaranty Trust Company of New York 897:but did not finish. He joined the 721:) formed an Irish parliament, the 416:, Clonakilty, County Cork, Ireland 25: 10028: 9810:Anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army 9202:Irish Republican Army (1919–1922) 6462:Works by or about Michael Collins 6455: 6388: 5621:from the original on 12 July 2020 5429:from the original on 23 July 2015 5274:Dublin, Gill & MacMillan 1980 5261:. Gill & Macmillan Ltd. p. 12 4306:Page at generalmichaelcollins.com 4020:Alison Healy (28 December 2019). 3824:. Gill & MacMillan, Limited. 3704:from the original on 24 June 2021 3455:, London: Arrow Books. pp. 9-10. 2565:In 1921–22, he became engaged to 2094:Assassination of Sir Henry Wilson 2072: 1901:communal conflict had been raging 1822: 9967:National Army (Ireland) generals 9962:Ministers for justice of Ireland 9957:Ministers for finance of Ireland 9887:Gaelic games players from London 8663: 8266:Ministers for Justice of Ireland 8073:Ministers for Finance of Ireland 6574:Parliament of the United Kingdom 6471:Arthur Griffith, Michael Collins 6430:10.1111/j.1468-229X.2011.00542.x 6328:Michael Collins: The Secret File 5989: 5963: 5932: 5914: 5895: 5876: 5863: 5850: 5825: 5816: 5763: 5737: 5711: 5685: 5673:from the original on 4 July 2018 5667:"Michael Collins House – Museum" 5659: 5654:Michael Collins in His Own Words 5646: 5633: 5582: 5573: 5560: 5521: 5454: 5441: 5415: 5367: 5358: 5321: 5312: 5303: 5290: 5264: 5251: 5210: 5201: 5192: 5183: 5162: 5153: 5144: 5135: 5126: 5117: 5104: 5068: 5038: 5020: 5011: 4999: 4405:, (Doherty & Keogh, editors) 4284:from the original on 24 May 2021 3737:Michael Collins: The Secret File 3616:. London: Arrow Books. pp. 2740: 2714:Shamir adopted "Michael" as his 2683:Michael Collins in His Own Words 2601:Memorial cross at Béal na Bláth. 2592: 2544: 2488:British Army Intelligence Centre 2360: 2348: 2339: 2102: 928: 495: 84: 34: 9862:Alumni of King's College London 9784:National Association of Old IRA 9779:Irish Self-Determination League 8561:Irish in the American Civil War 6005: 5939:Cooper, Neil (30 August 1996). 5078:The Times, 23 June 1922, pg. 10 4973: 4960: 4951: 4947:. Dufour Editions. p. 274. 4936: 4849: 4840: 4831: 4818: 4779: 4766: 4753: 4740: 4725: 4720:Harry Boland's Irish Revolution 4712: 4661: 4648: 4626: 4613: 4575: 4566: 4553: 4544: 4532: 4523: 4484: 4459: 4450: 4437: 4408: 4360: 4347: 4338: 4329: 4317: 4270: 4254: 4238: 4222: 4206: 4193: 4184: 4175: 4166: 4152: 4149:, Dublin O'Brien Press Ltd 2008 4139: 4123: 4066: 4057: 4044: 4013: 3991: 3964: 3955: 3929: 3813: 3770: 3755: 3742: 3729: 3716: 3690: 3674:Mick – The Real Michael Collins 3545: 3466: 3436: 3112:God Save Ireland Cried the Hero 3080:The poem "The laughing boy" by 2113:needs additional citations for 1713:and Joseph Dolan of The Squad. 1285:De Valera appointed Collins as 1194:) with the right to sit in the 1104:, editor/publisher of the main 10012:Assassinated Irish politicians 9280:Government of Ireland Act 1920 6191:Mick: The Real Michael Collins 5052:. 23 June 1922. Archived from 4931:British Spies and Irish Rebels 3424: 3412: 3340: 3202: 2869:Hang Up Your Brightest Colours 1544:1920 Government of Ireland Act 791: 743:"Bloody Sunday" assassinations 18:Michael Collins (Irish Leader) 13: 1: 9867:Burials at Glasnevin Cemetery 6308:O'Donoghue, Florence (2006). 6295:O'Donoghue, Florence (1954). 6240:. Prendeville Publishing Ltd. 5399:. 23 August 1922. p. 1. 5026:Public Records Office, Dublin 4889:. Boydell & Brewer, p.143 4344:British Cabinet minutes, 1921 3531:Dictionary of Irish Biography 3195: 2810: 1988:Battle of Pettigo and Belleek 1588:, and famous authors such as 1136: 10007:Assassinated prime ministers 9992:Politicians from County Cork 9877:Deaths by firearm in Ireland 9759:Irish Republican Brotherhood 9129:The Irish People (newspaper) 8516:Irish Republican Brotherhood 7075:Constituency abolished. See 6540:In Memory Of Michael Collins 6049:Michael Collins: A Biography 4677:from University College Cork 3797:Michael Collins: A Biography 3766:. Dublin: O'Brien Press Ltd. 2731: 2493: 2277:fighting broke out in Dublin 2199: 2069:with his own former troops. 1206:but instead would set up an 1068: 901:and, through this, the IRB. 810:Irish Republican Brotherhood 676:Irish Republican Brotherhood 531:Irish Republican Brotherhood 7: 10002:Unsolved murders in Ireland 9982:People of the Easter Rising 9892:Guerrilla warfare theorists 9241:Declaration of Independence 8619:Declaration of Independence 6561:20th Century Press Archives 6553:Digital Library Collection. 5971:"Interview with Fassbender" 4709:, Dublin, Irish Press, 1954 4559:Churchill, Winston (1929), 4073:Tucker, Spencer C. (2016). 4054:, Dublin, Talbot Press 1924 3936:Kumar, Avi (6 March 2022). 3253:Oireachtas Members Database 3139: 2949:Collins was the subject of 2926:The Shadow of Béal na Bláth 1945:Ulster Special Constabulary 1598:Brigadier General Cockerill 1269:by de Valera and prominent 1234:The new parliament, called 945:Captured Irish soldiers in 917:, a firm of accountants in 860:Margaret Collins-O'Driscoll 476:Margaret Collins-O'Driscoll 10: 10033: 9154:Irish National Invincibles 9136:United Irishmen of America 9087:Emmet Monument Association 7073: 6834: 6348:Michael Collins' Own Story 6330:. University of Michigan. 6290:. Clonmore & Reynolds. 6013:Llewellyn, Morgan (2001). 5669:. michaelcollinshouse.ie. 5467:Cambridge University Press 4563:, Vol. IV, London, pg 321. 4497:. Routledge. p. 128. 4418:, Dublin, Irish Press 1954 4219:, Dublin, Irish Press 1949 4120:, Dublin, Irish Press 1949 4063:Cottrell, op. cit., pg 53. 4052:My Fight For Irish Freedom 3820:Forester, Margery (2006). 3146:Families in the Oireachtas 3041:recorded a song entitled " 2203: 2056:Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1493:Collins inspects a soldier 1321:, offering some jewels as 1149:First row, left to right: 1116:was founded in 1905 as an 1054:physical-force republicans 979:Dublin Metropolitan Police 9797: 9751: 9523: 9486: 9343: 9317: 9270:Irish War of Independence 9208: 9145: 9122:Irish Freedom (newspaper) 9064: 9039: 8975: 8873: 8864: 8741: 8725:Irish War of Independence 8672: 8661: 8524: 8272: 8079: 7997:President of Dáil Éireann 7995: 7971: 7947: 7943: 7930: 7843: 7839: 7768: 7712: 7693: 7624: 7588: 7547: 7534:President of Dáil Éireann 7528: 7429: 7388: 7375:President of the Republic 7369: 7295: 7244: 7231:President of Dáil Éireann 7225: 7154: 7141:President of Dáil Éireann 7135: 6900: 6895: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6832: 6787: 6765: 6760:Director of Intelligence 6755: 6747: 6742: 6731: 6726: 6716: 6707: 6699: 6689: 6683:Minister for Home Affairs 6680: 6675: 6670: 6663: 6650: 6645: 6625: 6620: 6613: 6587: 6579: 6572: 6317:Osborne, Chrissy (2003). 6221:. Mainstream Publishing. 6122:Doherty, Gabriel (1998). 6031:Collins, Michael (1922). 4943:Mansergh, Martin (2003). 4217:Guerrilla Days in Ireland 4118:Guerrilla Days in Ireland 3762:Clarke, Kathleen (2008). 3491:10.1080/08850600490449337 3116:Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2999:Collins was portrayed by 2657: 2254:were World War I veterans 1808:Irish Boundary Commission 1720:, the Colonial Secretary 1335:Irish War of Independence 1221:Dublin's Jewish community 1200:Irish Parliamentary Party 1146:Members of the First Dáil 1077:, first signatory of the 727:declared the independence 670:. He was a member of the 606: 585:Irish War of Independence 572: 562: 554: 518: 513: 503: 491: 468: 457: 447: 438:Manner of death 437: 420: 400: 395: 391: 379: 367: 356: 349: 339: 325: 315: 301: 294: 282: 270: 259: 254:Minister for Home Affairs 252: 242: 230: 219: 212: 200: 188: 177: 170: 166: 154: 145: 138: 9842:1920s murders in Ireland 9538:J. J. "Ginger" O'Connell 9108:Friends of Irish Freedom 9055:Francis Frederick Millen 8952:Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa 8711:Fenian dynamite campaign 7589:Ministers not in cabinet 7430:Ministers not in cabinet 7296:Ministers not in cabinet 6447:18 February 2017 at the 6440:2 31.1 (2004): 179–205. 6403:Irish Historical Studies 6365:Younger, Calton (1968). 6286:O'Connor, Frank (1965). 6169:Feehan, John M. (1981). 6090:Cottrell, Peter (2006). 6022:Beaslai, Piaras (1926). 5907:10 February 2017 at the 5141:Hopkinson (2004), p. 116 5035:Jeffery 2006, pp. 281–3. 4748:The Partition of Ireland 4079:. ABC-CLIO. p. 97. 3644:Michael Collins – A Life 3610:Coogan, Tim Pat (1990). 3171: 3166:List of unsolved murders 3105: 3027:National Wax Museum Plus 3016: 2866:) is shot but recovers. 2705:Prime Minister of Israel 2465:Royal Irish Constabulary 2455:Conspiracy and collusion 2233:J. J. "Ginger" O'Connell 2174:Liverpool Street station 1557: 1359:Royal Irish Constabulary 1291:Ministry of Dáil Éireann 1036:Frongoch internment camp 883:Post Office Savings Bank 776:to ratify the treaty. A 688:Frongoch internment camp 664:Post Office Savings Bank 146: 47:too many section headers 9932:Members of the 3rd Dáil 9927:Members of the 2nd Dáil 9922:Members of the 1st Dáil 9330:Irish Republican Police 8896:Edward O'Meagher Condon 8889:Ricard O'Sullivan Burke 8612:Hindu–German Conspiracy 8307:James FitzGerald-Kenney 6640:Constituency abolished 6608:Constituency abolished 6505:A Man Against an Empire 6412:92.307 (2007): 318–346. 6405:37.146 (2010): 265–292. 6345:Talbot, Hayden (1923). 6319:Michael Collins Himself 6312:. Irish Academic Press. 6281:. London: Peter Davies. 6277:O'Connor, Batt (1929). 6236:Neligan, David (1999). 6218:Michael Collins: A Life 6150:Dwyer, T. Ryle (2005). 6131:Dwyer, T. Ryle (1999). 6115:Brother Against Brother 6037:. Dublin: Talbot Press. 6017:. Thomas Doherty Press. 5888:30 October 2008 at the 5813:. 8th Edition. Page 231 5046:"Murdered by Sinn Fein" 4824:McDermott, Jim (2001), 4759:Moore, Cormac, (2009), 4595:"Dáil Debate on Treaty" 4384:Brother Against Brother 4265:Brother Against Brother 3750:Michael Collins: A Life 3748:James Alexander Mackay 3724:Michael Collins: A Life 2985:Infamous Assassinations 2681:(Mercier, 1968) and in 2652:Central Bank of Ireland 2516:St Mary's Pro-Cathedral 1785:Charles Stewart Parnell 915:Craig Gardiner & Co 311: – August 1922 93:This article cites its 9972:People from Clonakilty 9857:1922 murders in Europe 9847:1922 crimes in Ireland 9673:George Oliver Plunkett 8589:Irish Race Conventions 6515:Michael Collins Centre 6268:O'Broin, Leon (1983). 6215:Mackay, James (1997). 6178:Feeney, Brian (2002). 6135:. St. Martin's Press. 6075:. Palgrave Macmillan. 4885:McMahon, Paul (2008). 4732:Lynch, Robert (2019). 4705:O'Donoghue, Florence. 4491:Smith, Jeremy (2013). 4414:O'Donoghue, Florence. 4201:On Another Man's Wound 3641:Mackay, James (1996). 3554:, 22 August 2002, p. 3 3132:playing Churchill and 3100:dictatorship in Greece 3030: 3003:in the 2019 sequel to 2853: 2690:Statute of Westminster 2673: 2640: 2602: 2562: 2537: 2503: 2380: 2328: 2268: 2223: 2026: 2009:Provisional government 1958:In March, Collins met 1896: 1665: 1494: 1421: 1417:Great Brunswick Street 1408: 1275:Paris Peace Conference 1182: 1097: 950: 938: 828: 798:Woodfield, Sam's Cross 778:provisional government 725:, in January 1919 and 643:from January 1922 and 620: 433:, County Cork, Ireland 9917:Irish revolutionaries 9743:W.J. Brennan-Whitmore 9478:Belfast Bloody Sunday 9158:Phoenix Park killings 9115:Irish Republican Army 8882:Thomas Francis Bourke 8685:Clerkenwell explosion 8412:Máire Geoghegan-Quinn 6758:Irish Republican Army 6517:, Clonakilty, Co Cork 6351:. London: Hutchinson. 6272:. Gill and MacMillan. 6245:Neeson, Eoin (1968). 6238:The Spy in the Castle 6098:. Osprey Publishing. 5926:15 April 2009 at the 4785:Donnacha O Beachain, 4673:29 March 2017 at the 4432:The Spy in the Castle 4249:The Spy in the Castle 3799:. Arrow. p. 50. 3572:26 March 2012 at the 3451:Coogan, T. P. (1991) 3024: 2990:The 2016 miniseries, 2851: 2665: 2638: 2600: 2560: 2527: 2501: 2377: 2318: 2293:Civil War peace moves 2265:Irish National Forces 2262: 2213: 2016: 1964:Arnon Street killings 1894: 1655: 1492: 1431:Irish Republican Army 1387: 1357:, attacked a pair of 1339:3rd Tipperary Brigade 1244:Mansion House, Dublin 1187:1918 general election 1144: 1092: 944: 936: 895:King's College London 875:British Civil Service 826: 633:Irish Republican Army 555:Years of service 541:Irish Republican Army 9473:Coolacrease killings 9463:Carrowkennedy ambush 9458:Custom House burning 9383:Dublin Bloody Sunday 9378:Battle of Ballinalee 9285:Partition of Ireland 7452:Constance Markievicz 7282:Constance Markievicz 6710:Minister for Finance 6590:Member of Parliament 6521:Irish Genealogy Site 6356:Taylor, Rex (1958). 6187:Hart, Peter (2007). 6113:Deasy, Liam (1992). 5589:Kenny, Mary (2007). 5528:Dolan, Anne (2006). 5461:Dolan, Anne (2008). 5379:1 March 2012 at the 5343:, Cork, Mercier 1981 5056:on 30 September 2011 4871:The Irish Revolution 4718:Fitzpatrick, David. 4623:, Cork, Mercier 1968 4267:, Cork, Mercier 1982 4229:O'Donoghue, Florence 4136:, O'Brien Press 2008 4002:27 July 2011 at the 3911:ElectionsIreland.org 3672:Hart, Peter (2005). 2764:improve this section 2486:that worked for the 2319:Michael Collins and 2160:was assassinated by 2122:improve this article 1769:bicameral parliament 1395:), Michael Collins ( 1287:Minister for Finance 1281:Minister for Finance 1223:, even posing as an 1093:Michael Collins and 905:, a republican from 796:Collins was born in 731:Minister for Finance 705:. He was elected as 658:Collins was born in 464:(pro-treaty faction) 335: – May 1921 214:Minister for Finance 9882:Early Sinn Féin TDs 9358:Rescue at Knocklong 9048:Thomas Miller Beach 8778:John O'Connor Power 8547:Irish republicanism 7833:Taoisigh of Ireland 7625:Assistant Ministers 6367:Ireland's Civil War 6034:The Path to Freedom 5749:amp.theguardian.com 5257:Garvin, Tom (2005) 4987:on 30 December 2013 4761:Birth of the Border 4621:The Path To Freedom 4311:15 May 2013 at the 3698:"London, 1906—1915" 3209:Ryan, Meda (2006). 2844:Film and television 2679:The Path to Freedom 2421:Vickers machine gun 2403:. This led through 2181:on 10 August 1922. 2023:Saint Patrick's Day 1941:Northern government 1737:Florence O'Donoghue 1660:as delegate to the 1634:Custom House battle 1590:George Bernard Shaw 1554:, County Limerick. 1329:War of Independence 1153:, Michael Collins, 1110:The United Irishman 1017:General Post Office 983:1913 Dublin Lockout 965:was established by 835:. He named a local 764:but depended on an 629:War of Independence 625:Irish revolutionary 9902:Irish nationalists 9593:Gearóid O'Sullivan 9428:Selton Hill ambush 9403:Upton train ambush 9353:Soloheadbeg ambush 9299:Anglo-Irish Treaty 9226:Irish Citizen Army 9094:Fenian Brotherhood 8966:William R. Roberts 8938:Thomas Clarke Luby 8640:Anglo-Irish Treaty 8568:Manchester Martyrs 8452:Frances Fitzgerald 8119:Patrick McGilligan 7601:Desmond FitzGerald 7565:George Gavan Duffy 7447:Desmond FitzGerald 6671:Political offices 6398:(Routledge, 2016). 6026:. Dublin: Phoenix. 5776:The New York Times 5505:. 3 October 2014. 5300:O'Brien Press 2008 5296:Clarke, Kathleen. 5287:Cork, Mercier 1981 4957:McDermott, pg 266. 4619:Collins, Michael. 4445:The IRA: A History 4145:Clarke, Kathleen. 3526:"Collins, Michael" 3186:Glasnevin Cemetery 3184:His gravestone in 3134:Michael Fassbender 3060:A Sense of Freedom 3031: 3029:, Dublin, Ireland. 2911:David Attenborough 2854: 2839:In popular culture 2712:1948 Palestine War 2674: 2641: 2630:Glasnevin Cemetery 2603: 2563: 2538: 2504: 2395:and then took the 2381: 2329: 2269: 2224: 2080:Gearóid O'Sullivan 2032:constitutional law 2027: 1897: 1834:Oath of Allegiance 1749:Anglo-Irish Treaty 1695:Diarmuid O'Hegarty 1666: 1662:Anglo-Irish Treaty 1648:Anglo-Irish Treaty 1602:David Lloyd George 1495: 1467:Charles McGuinness 1409: 1375:Soloheadbeg ambush 1183: 1181:(third row, right) 1098: 1073:Before his death, 1062:St Stephen's Green 963:Irish Citizen Army 951: 939: 864:Patrick O'Driscoll 829: 786:anti-Treaty forces 766:oath of allegiance 758:Anglo-Irish Treaty 645:commander-in-chief 621:Mícheál Ó Coileáin 452:Glasnevin Cemetery 277:Office established 195:Office established 148:Mícheál Ó Coileáin 9912:Irish republicans 9824: 9823: 9818: 9817: 9543:Terence MacSwiney 9438:Crossbarry ambush 9413:Coolavokig ambush 9388:Kilmichael ambush 9168: 9167: 9035: 9034: 9005:Seán Mac Diarmada 8480: 8479: 8467:Heather Humphreys 8432:Brian Lenihan Jnr 8357:Brian Lenihan Snr 8232: 8231: 8204:Brian Lenihan Jnr 8154:Michael O'Kennedy 8039: 8038: 8035: 8034: 8031: 8030: 7926: 7925: 7878:Garret FitzGerald 7799: 7798: 7650: 7649: 7485: 7484: 7361:De Valera cabinet 7326: 7325: 7217:De Valera cabinet 7182: 7181: 7092: 7091: 7087: 7086: 6775: 6774: 6766:Succeeded by 6743:Military offices 6717:Succeeded by 6690:Succeeded by 6537:Video from 1922: 6337:978-0-85640-614-0 6228:978-1-85158-857-2 6161:978-1-85635-469-1 6154:. Mercier Press. 6142:978-0-7171-4084-8 6082:978-0-312-29511-0 5723:Los Angeles Times 5643:, 8 November 2010 5541:978-0-521-02698-7 5451:, 3 October 2014. 5425:. 28 April 2015. 5246:978-0-14-029165-0 5225:978-0-19-927355-3 5050:Belfast Telegraph 4966:Younger, Calton. 4601:on 24 August 2020 4443:Coogan, Tim Pat. 4397:Phoenix, Eamonn. 3907:"Michael Collins" 3524:Hopkinson, M. A. 3249:"Michael Collins" 3086:Mikis Theodorakis 3047:Home of the Brave 2800: 2799: 2792: 2726:guerrilla warfare 2720:. Chinese leader 2703:group and future 2614:became the first 2612:Brian Lenihan Jnr 2440:Act of Contrition 2166:Joseph O'Sullivan 2154: 2153: 2146: 2059:Viscount FitzAlan 2052:Royal Prerogative 1899:Since June 1920, 1722:Winston Churchill 1586:English Catholics 1508:Tomás Mac Curtain 1411:On 7 April 1919, 1079:1916 Proclamation 1028:Richmond Barracks 991:Ulster Volunteers 953:The struggle for 750:plenipotentiaries 735:guerrilla warfare 610: 609: 132: 131: 124: 99:does not provide 78: 77: 70: 16:(Redirected from 10024: 9997:UK MPs 1918–1922 9713:Peadar O'Donnell 9568:Erskine Childers 9516: 9508: 9500: 9468:Rathcoole ambush 9423:Clonbanin ambush 9309:Irish Free State 9293:Southern Ireland 9289:Northern Ireland 9221:Irish Volunteers 9195: 9188: 9181: 9172: 9171: 9161: 9138: 9131: 9124: 9117: 9110: 9103: 9096: 9089: 9082: 9075: 9057: 9050: 9028: 9021: 9014: 9007: 9000: 8993: 8986: 8968: 8961: 8954: 8947: 8940: 8933: 8926: 8919: 8912: 8905: 8898: 8891: 8884: 8871: 8870: 8857: 8850: 8843: 8836: 8829: 8822: 8815: 8813:Denis McCullough 8808: 8801: 8794: 8787: 8780: 8773: 8766: 8764:J. 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O'Brien Press. 6174: 6165: 6146: 6127: 6118: 6109: 6097: 6086: 6064: 6052: 6038: 6027: 6018: 5999: 5993: 5987: 5986: 5984: 5982: 5967: 5961: 5960: 5958: 5956: 5936: 5930: 5921:Cork Opera House 5918: 5912: 5899: 5893: 5880: 5874: 5867: 5861: 5854: 5848: 5847: 5829: 5823: 5820: 5814: 5808: 5795: 5794: 5792: 5790: 5767: 5761: 5760: 5758: 5756: 5741: 5735: 5734: 5732: 5730: 5715: 5709: 5708: 5706: 5704: 5693:"CoinUpdate.com" 5689: 5683: 5682: 5680: 5678: 5663: 5657: 5650: 5644: 5637: 5631: 5630: 5628: 5626: 5601:(384): 423–431. 5586: 5580: 5577: 5571: 5564: 5558: 5557: 5555: 5553: 5525: 5519: 5518: 5516: 5514: 5493: 5484: 5483: 5458: 5452: 5445: 5439: 5438: 5436: 5434: 5419: 5413: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5389: 5383: 5371: 5365: 5362: 5356: 5353: 5344: 5339:Feehan, John M. 5337: 5328: 5325: 5319: 5316: 5310: 5307: 5301: 5294: 5288: 5283:Feehan, John M. 5281: 5275: 5268: 5262: 5255: 5249: 5234: 5228: 5214: 5208: 5205: 5199: 5196: 5190: 5187: 5181: 5178: 5169: 5166: 5160: 5159:Hopkinson, p.116 5157: 5151: 5148: 5142: 5139: 5133: 5130: 5124: 5121: 5115: 5108: 5102: 5101: 5099: 5097: 5072: 5066: 5065: 5063: 5061: 5042: 5036: 5033: 5027: 5024: 5018: 5015: 5009: 5003: 4997: 4996: 4994: 4992: 4983:. Archived from 4977: 4971: 4964: 4958: 4955: 4949: 4948: 4940: 4934: 4927: 4921: 4920: 4918: 4916: 4901: 4890: 4883: 4874: 4867: 4856: 4853: 4847: 4844: 4838: 4835: 4829: 4822: 4816: 4803: 4790: 4783: 4777: 4770: 4764: 4757: 4751: 4744: 4738: 4737: 4729: 4723: 4716: 4710: 4703: 4692: 4689: 4678: 4665: 4659: 4652: 4646: 4639: 4633: 4630: 4624: 4617: 4611: 4610: 4608: 4606: 4591: 4582: 4579: 4573: 4570: 4564: 4557: 4551: 4548: 4542: 4536: 4530: 4527: 4521: 4520: 4518: 4516: 4488: 4482: 4477:O'Connor, Batt. 4475: 4466: 4463: 4457: 4454: 4448: 4441: 4435: 4430:Neligan, David. 4428: 4419: 4412: 4406: 4395: 4386: 4380: 4367: 4364: 4358: 4351: 4345: 4342: 4336: 4333: 4327: 4321: 4315: 4303: 4294: 4293: 4291: 4289: 4274: 4268: 4258: 4252: 4242: 4236: 4226: 4220: 4210: 4204: 4197: 4191: 4188: 4182: 4179: 4173: 4170: 4164: 4163: 4162:. 16 March 2022. 4156: 4150: 4143: 4137: 4130:Clarke, Kathleen 4127: 4121: 4114: 4103: 4102: 4100: 4098: 4070: 4064: 4061: 4055: 4048: 4042: 4041: 4039: 4037: 4017: 4011: 4006:O'Connor, Batt. 3995: 3989: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3974:. Archived from 3968: 3962: 3959: 3953: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3933: 3927: 3926: 3924: 3922: 3903: 3897: 3890: 3879: 3872: 3839: 3838: 3817: 3811: 3810: 3789: 3780: 3774: 3768: 3767: 3759: 3753: 3746: 3740: 3733: 3727: 3720: 3714: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3694: 3688: 3687: 3669: 3663: 3662: 3638: 3632: 3631: 3607: 3601: 3600: 3598: 3596: 3586: 3580: 3564: 3555: 3552:West Cork People 3549: 3543: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3521: 3515: 3514: 3512: 3510: 3470: 3464: 3449: 3443: 3440: 3434: 3428: 3422: 3416: 3410: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3399: 3388: 3380: 3374: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3363: 3352: 3344: 3338: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3327: 3316: 3308: 3302: 3301: 3299: 3297: 3283: 3275: 3269: 3268: 3266: 3264: 3245: 3239: 3238: 3236: 3234: 3206: 3189: 3182: 3090:Maria Farantouri 2975:Cork Opera House 2878:Kenneth Griffith 2795: 2788: 2784: 2781: 2775: 2744: 2736: 2571:Brompton Oratory 2364: 2352: 2158:Sir Henry Wilson 2149: 2142: 2138: 2135: 2129: 2106: 2098: 1968:McMahon killings 1887:Northern Ireland 1867:in Dublin under 1800:Northern Ireland 1773:Governor General 1757:Irish Free State 1679:Erskine Childers 1606:Pope Benedict XV 1564:General Macready 1424: 1371:County Tipperary 1309:the head of the 1303:Russian Republic 1208:Irish Parliament 1151:Laurence Ginnell 987:Irish Volunteers 868:West Cork People 862:and her husband 833:Irish patriotism 788:in August 1922. 762:Irish Free State 699:Irish Volunteers 598: 536:Irish Volunteers 514:Military service 499: 427: 410: 408: 396:Personal details 382: 370: 361: 330: 306: 285: 273: 264: 245: 233: 224: 203: 191: 182: 159: 149: 136: 135: 127: 120: 116: 113: 107: 88: 87: 80: 73: 66: 62: 59: 53: 38: 37: 30: 21: 10032: 10031: 10027: 10026: 10025: 10023: 10022: 10021: 9827: 9826: 9825: 9820: 9819: 9814: 9793: 9747: 9733:Richard Barrett 9668:Tom McEllistrim 9638:Séumas Robinson 9583:Michael Brennan 9533:Michael Collins 9519: 9514: 9506: 9504:Richard Mulcahy 9498: 9488:Chiefs of Staff 9482: 9453:Kilmeena ambush 9448:Scramoge ambush 9443:Headford ambush 9418:Sheemore ambush 9408:Clonmult ambush 9398:Dromkeen ambush 9363:Listowel mutiny 9339: 9313: 9304:Irish Civil War 9204: 9199: 9169: 9164: 9152: 9141: 9134: 9127: 9120: 9113: 9106: 9099: 9092: 9085: 9078: 9071: 9060: 9053: 9046: 9031: 9026:Joseph Plunkett 9024: 9017: 9010: 9003: 8996: 8989: 8982: 8971: 8964: 8957: 8950: 8943: 8936: 8929: 8922: 8915: 8908: 8901: 8894: 8887: 8880: 8866: 8860: 8855:Richard Mulcahy 8853: 8848:Michael Collins 8846: 8841:Patrick Moylett 8839: 8832: 8825: 8818: 8811: 8804: 8799:John Mulholland 8797: 8790: 8783: 8776: 8771:Charles Kickham 8769: 8762: 8757:Thomas J. Kelly 8755: 8748: 8737: 8730: 8723: 8716: 8709: 8702: 8695: 8679: 8668: 8659: 8652: 8647:Irish Civil War 8645: 8638: 8631: 8624: 8617: 8610: 8601: 8594: 8587: 8580: 8573: 8566: 8559: 8552: 8545: 8538: 8531: 8520: 8515: 8513: 8511: 8481: 8476: 8422:John O'Donoghue 8347:Charles Haughey 8317:P. J. Ruttledge 8312:James Geoghegan 8297:Kevin O'Higgins 8282:Arthur Griffith 8277:Michael Collins 8268: 8263: 8233: 8228: 8219:Michael McGrath 8214:Paschal Donohoe 8179:Albert Reynolds 8159:Gene Fitzgerald 8139:Charles Haughey 8124:Gerard Sweetman 8109:Seán T. O'Kelly 8089:Michael Collins 8075: 8070: 8040: 8027: 8018:Arthur Griffith 8013:Éamon de Valera 8000: 7991: 7982:Michael Collins 7967: 7963:Éamon de Valera 7939: 7936: 7922: 7883:Albert Reynolds 7873:Charles Haughey 7848:Éamon de Valera 7835: 7830: 7800: 7795: 7764: 7755:Kevin O'Higgins 7730:Arthur Griffith 7708: 7704:Michael Collins 7689: 7685:Collins cabinet 7683: 7681: 7651: 7646: 7620: 7584: 7580:Kevin O'Higgins 7575:Richard Mulcahy 7555:Michael Collins 7543: 7539:Arthur Griffith 7524: 7518: 7516: 7486: 7481: 7472:John J. O'Kelly 7467:Kevin O'Higgins 7442:Seán Etchingham 7425: 7416:Arthur Griffith 7406:Michael Collins 7384: 7380:Éamon de Valera 7365: 7359: 7357: 7327: 7322: 7313:Seán Etchingham 7291: 7287:John J. O'Kelly 7267:Arthur Griffith 7257:Michael Collins 7240: 7236:Éamon de Valera 7221: 7215: 7213: 7183: 7178: 7174:Richard Mulcahy 7164:Michael Collins 7150: 7131: 7125: 7123: 7093: 7088: 7062: 7053: 7044: 7035: 7033:Michael Collins 7026: 7017: 7008: 6999: 6997:Michael Bradley 6982: 6973: 6964: 6955: 6953:Michael Collins 6946: 6937: 6928: 6919: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6855: 6844: 6828: 6818: 6783: 6771: 6769:Michael Carolan 6762: 6753: 6737: 6722: 6713: 6705: 6695: 6693:Arthur Griffith 6686: 6660: 6635: 6597: 6585: 6526:Michael Collins 6458: 6453: 6449:Wayback Machine 6391: 6372: 6371: 6358:Michael Collins 6338: 6252: 6251: 6229: 6203: 6162: 6143: 6106: 6083: 6069:Coogan, Tim Pat 6061: 6053:. Arrow Books. 6043:Coogan, Tim Pat 6008: 6003: 6002: 5996:OnstageScotland 5994: 5990: 5980: 5978: 5969: 5968: 5964: 5954: 5952: 5945:The Independent 5937: 5933: 5928:Wayback Machine 5919: 5915: 5911:, "Get Collins" 5909:Wayback Machine 5900: 5896: 5892:, "Get Collins" 5890:Wayback Machine 5881: 5877: 5871:James A. Mackay 5868: 5864: 5855: 5851: 5844: 5830: 5826: 5821: 5817: 5809: 5798: 5788: 5786: 5768: 5764: 5754: 5752: 5743: 5742: 5738: 5728: 5726: 5717: 5716: 5712: 5702: 5700: 5691: 5690: 5686: 5676: 5674: 5665: 5664: 5660: 5651: 5647: 5638: 5634: 5624: 5622: 5587: 5583: 5578: 5574: 5568:Michael Collins 5566:O'Broin, Leon. 5565: 5561: 5551: 5549: 5542: 5526: 5522: 5512: 5510: 5502:The Irish Times 5495: 5494: 5487: 5477: 5459: 5455: 5449:The Irish Times 5446: 5442: 5432: 5430: 5421: 5420: 5416: 5406: 5404: 5397:The Boston Post 5391: 5390: 5386: 5381:Wayback Machine 5372: 5368: 5363: 5359: 5354: 5347: 5338: 5331: 5326: 5322: 5317: 5313: 5308: 5304: 5295: 5291: 5282: 5278: 5272:Michael Collins 5270:O'Broin, Leon. 5269: 5265: 5256: 5252: 5235: 5231: 5216:Kissane, Bill. 5215: 5211: 5206: 5202: 5197: 5193: 5188: 5184: 5179: 5172: 5168:Hopkinson p.117 5167: 5163: 5158: 5154: 5149: 5145: 5140: 5136: 5131: 5127: 5122: 5118: 5114:, (London 1961) 5109: 5105: 5095: 5093: 5074: 5073: 5069: 5059: 5057: 5044: 5043: 5039: 5034: 5030: 5025: 5021: 5016: 5012: 5007:Michael Collins 5004: 5000: 4990: 4988: 4979: 4978: 4974: 4968:Arthur Griffith 4965: 4961: 4956: 4952: 4941: 4937: 4928: 4924: 4914: 4912: 4903: 4902: 4893: 4884: 4877: 4868: 4859: 4854: 4850: 4845: 4841: 4836: 4832: 4823: 4819: 4805:Moore, Cormac. 4804: 4793: 4784: 4780: 4772:Knirck, Jason. 4771: 4767: 4758: 4754: 4745: 4741: 4730: 4726: 4717: 4713: 4704: 4695: 4690: 4681: 4675:Wayback Machine 4666: 4662: 4656:Michael Collins 4653: 4649: 4643:Michael Collins 4641:O'Broin, Leon. 4640: 4636: 4631: 4627: 4618: 4614: 4604: 4602: 4593: 4592: 4585: 4580: 4576: 4571: 4567: 4558: 4554: 4549: 4545: 4540:Michael Collins 4538:O'Broin, Leon. 4537: 4533: 4528: 4524: 4514: 4512: 4505: 4489: 4485: 4476: 4469: 4464: 4460: 4455: 4451: 4442: 4438: 4429: 4422: 4413: 4409: 4396: 4389: 4381: 4370: 4365: 4361: 4352: 4348: 4343: 4339: 4334: 4330: 4326:, Vol II p. 293 4322: 4318: 4313:Wayback Machine 4304: 4297: 4287: 4285: 4280:. 24 May 2021. 4276: 4275: 4271: 4259: 4255: 4243: 4239: 4231:and Josephine. 4227: 4223: 4211: 4207: 4203:, (Dublin 1937) 4198: 4194: 4189: 4185: 4180: 4176: 4171: 4167: 4158: 4157: 4153: 4144: 4140: 4128: 4124: 4115: 4106: 4096: 4094: 4087: 4071: 4067: 4062: 4058: 4049: 4045: 4035: 4033: 4026:The Irish Times 4018: 4014: 4004:Wayback Machine 3996: 3992: 3981: 3979: 3972:"National_Loan" 3970: 3969: 3965: 3960: 3956: 3946: 3944: 3934: 3930: 3920: 3918: 3905: 3904: 3900: 3892:Feeney, Brian. 3891: 3882: 3876:Michael Collins 3873: 3842: 3832: 3822:The Lost Leader 3818: 3814: 3807: 3793:Coogan, Tim Pat 3790: 3783: 3775: 3771: 3760: 3756: 3747: 3743: 3734: 3730: 3722:Mackay, James. 3721: 3717: 3707: 3705: 3696: 3695: 3691: 3684: 3670: 3666: 3659: 3639: 3635: 3628: 3613:Michael Collins 3608: 3604: 3594: 3592: 3588: 3587: 3583: 3574:Wayback Machine 3565: 3558: 3550: 3546: 3536: 3534: 3522: 3518: 3508: 3506: 3471: 3467: 3453:Michael Collins 3450: 3446: 3442:Coogan, pp. 5–6 3441: 3437: 3429: 3425: 3417: 3413: 3403: 3401: 3397: 3386: 3382: 3381: 3377: 3367: 3365: 3361: 3350: 3346: 3345: 3341: 3331: 3329: 3325: 3314: 3310: 3309: 3305: 3295: 3293: 3281: 3277: 3276: 3272: 3262: 3260: 3247: 3246: 3242: 3232: 3230: 3223: 3207: 3203: 3198: 3193: 3192: 3183: 3179: 3174: 3142: 3108: 3033:Irish-American 3019: 2979:Olympia Theatre 2968:Marsh's Library 2959:Michael Collins 2938:as Collins and 2936:Brendan Gleeson 2924:in 1989 called 2880:, was made for 2846: 2841: 2813: 2796: 2785: 2779: 2776: 2761: 2745: 2734: 2667:Love of Ireland 2660: 2595: 2547: 2496: 2477:Anti-Treaty IRA 2473:Irish Civil War 2469:First World War 2457: 2409:The Diamond Bar 2372: 2371: 2370: 2369: 2368: 2365: 2357: 2356: 2353: 2342: 2325:Arthur Griffith 2321:Richard Mulcahy 2295: 2220:Irish Civil War 2208: 2206:Irish Civil War 2202: 2184:A British Army 2150: 2139: 2133: 2130: 2119: 2107: 2096: 2075: 2011: 1960:Sir James Craig 1889: 1825: 1691:Cadogan Gardens 1650: 1617:Hamar Greenwood 1613:offered a truce 1560: 1401:Éamon de Valera 1365:to a quarry in 1343:Séumas Robinson 1331: 1283: 1271:Irish-Americans 1179:Kevin O'Higgins 1163:Éamon de Valera 1159:Arthur Griffith 1148: 1139: 1131:Éamon de Valera 1102:Arthur Griffith 1095:Arthur Griffith 1083:Kathleen Clarke 1071: 1060:positions like 1006:Joseph Plunkett 995:Ulster loyalist 931: 794: 754:Éamon de Valera 741:', such as the 692:prisoner of war 613:Michael Collins 602: 594: 590:Irish Civil War 550: 487: 458:Political party 429: 425: 412: 411:16 October 1890 406: 404: 386:Richard Mulcahy 380: 374:Patrick Moylett 368: 362: 357: 331: 326: 307: 302: 289:Arthur Griffith 283: 271: 265: 260: 243: 231: 225: 220: 201: 189: 183: 178: 162: 161:Collins in 1919 150: 147: 141: 140:Michael Collins 128: 117: 111: 108: 105: 101:page references 89: 85: 74: 63: 57: 54: 51: 39: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10030: 10020: 10019: 10014: 10009: 10004: 9999: 9994: 9989: 9984: 9979: 9974: 9969: 9964: 9959: 9954: 9949: 9944: 9939: 9934: 9929: 9924: 9919: 9914: 9909: 9904: 9899: 9894: 9889: 9884: 9879: 9874: 9872:Collins family 9869: 9864: 9859: 9854: 9849: 9844: 9839: 9822: 9821: 9816: 9815: 9813: 9812: 9807: 9801: 9799: 9795: 9794: 9792: 9791: 9789:1916–1921 Club 9786: 9781: 9776: 9771: 9769:Fianna Éireann 9766: 9764:Cumann na mBan 9761: 9755: 9753: 9749: 9748: 9746: 9745: 9740: 9735: 9730: 9728:Joseph McGrath 9725: 9720: 9715: 9710: 9705: 9700: 9695: 9690: 9688:Ernie O'Malley 9685: 9683:Michael Kilroy 9680: 9675: 9670: 9665: 9660: 9658:Seán O'Hegarty 9655: 9653:Charlie Hurley 9650: 9645: 9640: 9635: 9630: 9625: 9620: 9615: 9610: 9608:Seán Mac Mahon 9605: 9600: 9595: 9590: 9585: 9580: 9575: 9570: 9565: 9563:Piaras Béaslaí 9560: 9555: 9550: 9545: 9540: 9535: 9529: 9527: 9521: 9520: 9518: 9517: 9509: 9501: 9492: 9490: 9484: 9483: 9481: 9480: 9475: 9470: 9465: 9460: 9455: 9450: 9445: 9440: 9435: 9433:Burgery ambush 9430: 9425: 9420: 9415: 9410: 9405: 9400: 9395: 9393:Clonfin ambush 9390: 9385: 9380: 9375: 9373:Tooreen ambush 9370: 9365: 9360: 9355: 9349: 9347: 9341: 9340: 9338: 9337: 9332: 9327: 9321: 9319: 9315: 9314: 9312: 9311: 9306: 9301: 9296: 9282: 9277: 9272: 9267: 9265:Irish Bulletin 9262: 9248: 9246:Irish Republic 9243: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9218: 9212: 9210: 9206: 9205: 9198: 9197: 9190: 9183: 9175: 9166: 9165: 9163: 9162: 9149: 9147: 9143: 9142: 9140: 9139: 9132: 9125: 9118: 9111: 9104: 9101:Fianna Éireann 9097: 9090: 9083: 9080:Cumann na mBan 9076: 9068: 9066: 9062: 9061: 9059: 9058: 9051: 9043: 9041: 9037: 9036: 9033: 9032: 9030: 9029: 9022: 9019:Patrick Pearse 9015: 9012:Diarmuid Lynch 9008: 9001: 8994: 8987: 8979: 8977: 8973: 8972: 8970: 8969: 8962: 8955: 8948: 8941: 8934: 8931:Michael Doheny 8927: 8920: 8913: 8910:Michael Davitt 8906: 8899: 8892: 8885: 8877: 8875: 8868: 8862: 8861: 8859: 8858: 8851: 8844: 8837: 8830: 8823: 8816: 8809: 8802: 8795: 8788: 8781: 8774: 8767: 8760: 8753: 8750:James Stephens 8745: 8743: 8739: 8738: 8736: 8735: 8728: 8721: 8714: 8707: 8700: 8697:Catalpa rescue 8693: 8676: 8674: 8670: 8669: 8662: 8660: 8658: 8657: 8650: 8643: 8636: 8629: 8626:Irish Republic 8622: 8615: 8608: 8599: 8596:Obstructionism 8592: 8585: 8578: 8571: 8564: 8557: 8550: 8543: 8536: 8528: 8526: 8522: 8521: 8510: 8509: 8502: 8495: 8487: 8478: 8477: 8475: 8474: 8469: 8464: 8459: 8454: 8449: 8444: 8439: 8434: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8399: 8394: 8392:Michael Noonan 8389: 8384: 8379: 8374: 8372:Patrick Cooney 8369: 8364: 8359: 8354: 8349: 8344: 8339: 8334: 8329: 8324: 8319: 8314: 8309: 8304: 8302:W. T. Cosgrave 8299: 8294: 8289: 8284: 8279: 8273: 8270: 8269: 8262: 8261: 8254: 8247: 8239: 8230: 8229: 8227: 8226: 8221: 8216: 8211: 8209:Michael Noonan 8206: 8201: 8196: 8191: 8186: 8181: 8176: 8171: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8151: 8146: 8141: 8136: 8131: 8126: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8096: 8094:W. T. Cosgrave 8091: 8086: 8080: 8077: 8076: 8069: 8068: 8061: 8054: 8046: 8037: 8036: 8033: 8032: 8029: 8028: 8026: 8025: 8023:W. T. Cosgrave 8020: 8015: 8010: 8004: 8002: 7993: 7992: 7990: 7989: 7987:W. T. Cosgrave 7984: 7978: 7976: 7969: 7968: 7966: 7965: 7960: 7958:W. T. Cosgrave 7954: 7952: 7941: 7940: 7928: 7927: 7924: 7923: 7921: 7920: 7915: 7913:Micheál Martin 7910: 7905: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7844: 7837: 7836: 7829: 7828: 7821: 7814: 7806: 7797: 7796: 7794: 7793: 7788: 7783: 7781:W. T. Cosgrave 7778: 7772: 7770: 7766: 7765: 7763: 7762: 7757: 7752: 7750:Joseph McGrath 7747: 7742: 7737: 7732: 7727: 7722: 7720:W. T. Cosgrave 7716: 7714: 7710: 7709: 7707: 7706: 7694: 7691: 7690: 7680: 7679: 7672: 7665: 7657: 7648: 7647: 7645: 7644: 7642:George Nicolls 7639: 7637:Lorcan Robbins 7634: 7628: 7626: 7622: 7621: 7619: 7618: 7616:Joseph McGrath 7613: 7608: 7603: 7598: 7592: 7590: 7586: 7585: 7583: 7582: 7577: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7560:W. T. Cosgrave 7557: 7551: 7549: 7545: 7544: 7542: 7541: 7529: 7526: 7525: 7515: 7514: 7507: 7500: 7492: 7483: 7482: 7480: 7479: 7474: 7469: 7464: 7459: 7457:Count Plunkett 7454: 7449: 7444: 7439: 7433: 7431: 7427: 7426: 7424: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7411:W. T. Cosgrave 7408: 7403: 7398: 7392: 7390: 7386: 7385: 7383: 7382: 7370: 7367: 7366: 7356: 7355: 7348: 7341: 7333: 7324: 7323: 7321: 7320: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7299: 7297: 7293: 7292: 7290: 7289: 7284: 7279: 7274: 7272:Count Plunkett 7269: 7264: 7262:W. T. Cosgrave 7259: 7254: 7248: 7246: 7242: 7241: 7239: 7238: 7226: 7223: 7222: 7212: 7211: 7204: 7197: 7189: 7180: 7179: 7177: 7176: 7171: 7169:Count Plunkett 7166: 7161: 7155: 7152: 7151: 7149: 7148: 7136: 7133: 7132: 7127:Brugha cabinet 7122: 7121: 7114: 7107: 7099: 7090: 7089: 7085: 7084: 7072: 7069: 7065: 7064: 7060:Daniel Vaughan 7057: 7055: 7048: 7046: 7039: 7037: 7030: 7028: 7024:Daniel Corkery 7021: 7019: 7012: 7010: 7003: 7001: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6985: 6984: 6977: 6975: 6968: 6966: 6959: 6957: 6950: 6948: 6944:Daniel Corkery 6941: 6939: 6932: 6930: 6923: 6921: 6917:Seán MacSwiney 6914: 6912: 6909: 6905: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6861: 6835:This table is 6833: 6830: 6829: 6823:(TDs) for the 6817: 6816: 6809: 6802: 6794: 6788: 6785: 6784: 6773: 6772: 6767: 6764: 6754: 6749: 6745: 6744: 6740: 6739: 6730: 6724: 6723: 6720:W. T. Cosgrave 6718: 6715: 6706: 6701: 6697: 6696: 6691: 6688: 6679: 6673: 6672: 6668: 6667: 6662: 6649: 6643: 6642: 6637: 6624: 6618: 6617: 6611: 6610: 6605: 6586: 6581: 6577: 6576: 6568: 6567: 6554: 6543: 6532: 6523: 6518: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6486: 6477: 6468: 6457: 6456:External links 6454: 6452: 6451: 6434: 6424:(325): 70–98. 6413: 6406: 6399: 6390: 6389:Historiography 6387: 6386: 6385: 6362: 6353: 6342: 6336: 6323: 6314: 6305: 6303:. Irish Press. 6292: 6283: 6274: 6265: 6242: 6233: 6227: 6212: 6207: 6202:978-0143038542 6201: 6184: 6175: 6166: 6160: 6147: 6141: 6128: 6119: 6110: 6104: 6087: 6081: 6065: 6060:978-0099685807 6059: 6039: 6028: 6019: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6001: 6000: 5998:, "Allegiance" 5988: 5962: 5931: 5913: 5894: 5875: 5862: 5858:Tim Pat Coogan 5849: 5842: 5824: 5815: 5796: 5762: 5736: 5710: 5684: 5658: 5645: 5632: 5581: 5572: 5559: 5540: 5520: 5485: 5476:978-0521026987 5475: 5469:. p. 68. 5453: 5440: 5414: 5384: 5366: 5357: 5345: 5329: 5320: 5311: 5302: 5289: 5276: 5263: 5250: 5229: 5209: 5200: 5191: 5182: 5170: 5161: 5152: 5143: 5134: 5125: 5116: 5103: 5067: 5037: 5028: 5019: 5010: 4998: 4972: 4959: 4950: 4935: 4922: 4891: 4875: 4857: 4848: 4839: 4830: 4817: 4815:, 25 May 2022. 4812:The Irish News 4791: 4778: 4765: 4752: 4746:Lynch (2019), 4739: 4724: 4711: 4693: 4679: 4660: 4647: 4634: 4625: 4612: 4583: 4574: 4565: 4552: 4543: 4531: 4529:Mackay, p. 217 4522: 4504:978-1317884934 4503: 4483: 4467: 4458: 4449: 4436: 4420: 4407: 4387: 4368: 4359: 4346: 4337: 4328: 4324:Wilson Diaries 4316: 4295: 4269: 4253: 4245:Neligan, David 4237: 4221: 4205: 4192: 4183: 4174: 4165: 4151: 4138: 4122: 4104: 4086:978-1610698023 4085: 4065: 4056: 4043: 4012: 3990: 3978:on 15 May 2013 3963: 3961:Mackay, p. 116 3954: 3942:Irish Examiner 3928: 3898: 3880: 3840: 3831:978-0717140145 3830: 3812: 3806:978-1784753269 3805: 3781: 3777:'Joe O'Reilly' 3769: 3754: 3741: 3728: 3715: 3689: 3683:978-1405090209 3682: 3664: 3658:978-1851588572 3657: 3633: 3627:978-0099685807 3626: 3602: 3581: 3556: 3544: 3516: 3465: 3444: 3435: 3423: 3411: 3375: 3339: 3303: 3270: 3240: 3222:978-1856355131 3221: 3200: 3199: 3197: 3194: 3191: 3190: 3176: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3169: 3168: 3163: 3158: 3153: 3151:F. Digby Hardy 3148: 3141: 3138: 3107: 3104: 3043:The Big Fellah 3018: 3015: 2922:RTÉ Television 2902:Play for Today 2856:The 1936 film 2845: 2842: 2840: 2837: 2812: 2809: 2798: 2797: 2748: 2746: 2739: 2733: 2730: 2708:Yitzhak Shamir 2659: 2656: 2645:Georgian House 2594: 2591: 2546: 2543: 2495: 2492: 2456: 2453: 2366: 2359: 2358: 2354: 2347: 2346: 2345: 2344: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2306:Seán O'Hegarty 2294: 2291: 2204:Main article: 2201: 2198: 2162:Reginald Dunne 2152: 2151: 2110: 2108: 2101: 2095: 2092: 2074: 2073:Pact elections 2071: 2045:Prime Minister 2010: 2007: 2003:Roger McCorley 1903:in north-east 1888: 1885: 1830:British Empire 1824: 1823:Treaty debates 1821: 1709:, Eamon Broy, 1699:Joseph McGrath 1649: 1646: 1582:House of Lords 1559: 1556: 1552:Templeglantine 1480:Ernie O'Malley 1463:Robert Briscoe 1443:Black and Tans 1379:Irish Republic 1330: 1327: 1307:Ludwig Martens 1282: 1279: 1256:Lincoln Prison 1175:W. T. Cosgrave 1167:Count Plunkett 1138: 1135: 1118:umbrella group 1070: 1067: 1044:Tim Pat Coogan 1021:Patrick Pearse 1002:Count Plunkett 967:James Connolly 930: 927: 793: 790: 639:. He was then 637:Irish Republic 608: 607: 604: 603: 601: 600: 587: 582: 576: 574: 570: 569: 564: 560: 559: 556: 552: 551: 549: 548: 543: 538: 533: 528: 526:Irish Republic 522: 520: 516: 515: 511: 510: 508:The Big Fellow 505: 501: 500: 493: 489: 488: 486: 485: 479: 472: 470: 466: 465: 459: 455: 454: 449: 445: 444: 439: 435: 434: 428:(aged 31) 424:22 August 1922 422: 418: 417: 402: 398: 397: 393: 392: 389: 388: 383: 377: 376: 371: 365: 364: 354: 353: 347: 346: 341: 337: 336: 323: 322: 317: 313: 312: 299: 298: 292: 291: 286: 280: 279: 274: 268: 267: 257: 256: 250: 249: 248:W. T. Cosgrave 246: 240: 239: 234: 228: 227: 217: 216: 210: 209: 207:W. T. Cosgrave 204: 198: 197: 192: 186: 185: 175: 174: 168: 167: 164: 163: 160: 152: 151: 143: 142: 139: 130: 129: 92: 90: 83: 76: 75: 42: 40: 33: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10029: 10018: 10015: 10013: 10010: 10008: 10005: 10003: 10000: 9998: 9995: 9993: 9990: 9988: 9985: 9983: 9980: 9978: 9975: 9973: 9970: 9968: 9965: 9963: 9960: 9958: 9955: 9953: 9950: 9948: 9945: 9943: 9940: 9938: 9935: 9933: 9930: 9928: 9925: 9923: 9920: 9918: 9915: 9913: 9910: 9908: 9905: 9903: 9900: 9898: 9895: 9893: 9890: 9888: 9885: 9883: 9880: 9878: 9875: 9873: 9870: 9868: 9865: 9863: 9860: 9858: 9855: 9853: 9850: 9848: 9845: 9843: 9840: 9838: 9835: 9834: 9832: 9811: 9808: 9806: 9805:National Army 9803: 9802: 9800: 9796: 9790: 9787: 9785: 9782: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9757: 9756: 9754: 9750: 9744: 9741: 9739: 9736: 9734: 9731: 9729: 9726: 9724: 9721: 9719: 9716: 9714: 9711: 9709: 9706: 9704: 9701: 9699: 9696: 9694: 9691: 9689: 9686: 9684: 9681: 9679: 9678:George Lennon 9676: 9674: 9671: 9669: 9666: 9664: 9661: 9659: 9656: 9654: 9651: 9649: 9648:Seán Mac Eoin 9646: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9618:Andrew Cooney 9616: 9614: 9613:Stephen Behan 9611: 9609: 9606: 9604: 9601: 9599: 9596: 9594: 9591: 9589: 9586: 9584: 9581: 9579: 9576: 9574: 9571: 9569: 9566: 9564: 9561: 9559: 9556: 9554: 9551: 9549: 9546: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9536: 9534: 9531: 9530: 9528: 9526: 9525:Personalities 9522: 9513: 9510: 9505: 9502: 9497: 9496:Cathal Brugha 9494: 9493: 9491: 9489: 9485: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9469: 9466: 9464: 9461: 9459: 9456: 9454: 9451: 9449: 9446: 9444: 9441: 9439: 9436: 9434: 9431: 9429: 9426: 9424: 9421: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9406: 9404: 9401: 9399: 9396: 9394: 9391: 9389: 9386: 9384: 9381: 9379: 9376: 9374: 9371: 9369: 9368:Rineen ambush 9366: 9364: 9361: 9359: 9356: 9354: 9351: 9350: 9348: 9346: 9342: 9336: 9333: 9331: 9328: 9326: 9323: 9322: 9320: 9316: 9310: 9307: 9305: 9302: 9300: 9297: 9294: 9290: 9286: 9283: 9281: 9278: 9276: 9275:Flying column 9273: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9263: 9260: 9256: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9231:Easter Rising 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9213: 9211: 9207: 9203: 9196: 9191: 9189: 9184: 9182: 9177: 9176: 9173: 9159: 9155: 9151: 9150: 9148: 9144: 9137: 9133: 9130: 9126: 9123: 9119: 9116: 9112: 9109: 9105: 9102: 9098: 9095: 9091: 9088: 9084: 9081: 9077: 9074: 9070: 9069: 9067: 9063: 9056: 9052: 9049: 9045: 9044: 9042: 9038: 9027: 9023: 9020: 9016: 9013: 9009: 9006: 9002: 8999: 8998:Bulmer Hobson 8995: 8992: 8988: 8985: 8984:Éamonn Ceannt 8981: 8980: 8978: 8974: 8967: 8963: 8960: 8956: 8953: 8949: 8946: 8945:John O'Mahony 8942: 8939: 8935: 8932: 8928: 8925: 8921: 8918: 8917:Timothy Deasy 8914: 8911: 8907: 8904: 8900: 8897: 8893: 8890: 8886: 8883: 8879: 8878: 8876: 8872: 8869: 8863: 8856: 8852: 8849: 8845: 8842: 8838: 8835: 8831: 8828: 8824: 8821: 8817: 8814: 8810: 8807: 8806:Seamus Deakin 8803: 8800: 8796: 8793: 8789: 8786: 8782: 8779: 8775: 8772: 8768: 8765: 8761: 8758: 8754: 8751: 8747: 8746: 8744: 8740: 8733: 8729: 8726: 8722: 8719: 8718:Easter Rising 8715: 8712: 8708: 8705: 8701: 8698: 8694: 8690: 8686: 8682: 8681:Fenian Rising 8678: 8677: 8675: 8671: 8666: 8655: 8651: 8648: 8644: 8641: 8637: 8634: 8630: 8627: 8623: 8620: 8616: 8613: 8609: 8606: 8605: 8600: 8597: 8593: 8590: 8586: 8583: 8582:New Departure 8579: 8576: 8572: 8569: 8565: 8562: 8558: 8555: 8551: 8548: 8544: 8541: 8537: 8534: 8533:Young Ireland 8530: 8529: 8527: 8523: 8518: 8508: 8503: 8501: 8496: 8494: 8489: 8488: 8485: 8473: 8470: 8468: 8465: 8463: 8462:Helen McEntee 8460: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8442:Brendan Smith 8440: 8438: 8435: 8433: 8430: 8428: 8425: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8407:Pádraig Flynn 8405: 8403: 8400: 8398: 8395: 8393: 8390: 8388: 8385: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8377:Gerry Collins 8375: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8365: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8355: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8345: 8343: 8342:Oscar Traynor 8340: 8338: 8337:James Everett 8335: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8327:Seán Mac Eoin 8325: 8323: 8322:Gerald Boland 8320: 8318: 8315: 8313: 8310: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8300: 8298: 8295: 8293: 8292:Eamonn Duggan 8290: 8288: 8285: 8283: 8280: 8278: 8275: 8274: 8271: 8267: 8260: 8255: 8253: 8248: 8246: 8241: 8240: 8237: 8225: 8224:Jack Chambers 8222: 8220: 8217: 8215: 8212: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8175: 8172: 8170: 8169:Ray MacSharry 8167: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8144:George Colley 8142: 8140: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8104:Seán MacEntee 8102: 8100: 8099:Ernest Blythe 8097: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8084:Eoin MacNeill 8082: 8081: 8078: 8074: 8067: 8062: 8060: 8055: 8053: 8048: 8047: 8044: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8016: 8014: 8011: 8009: 8008:Cathal Brugha 8006: 8005: 8003: 7998: 7994: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7970: 7964: 7961: 7959: 7956: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7946: 7942: 7933: 7929: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7868:Liam Cosgrave 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7845: 7842: 7838: 7834: 7827: 7822: 7820: 7815: 7813: 7808: 7807: 7804: 7792: 7791:Michael Hayes 7789: 7787: 7786:Patrick Hogan 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7776:Ernest Blythe 7774: 7773: 7771: 7767: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7743: 7741: 7740:Patrick Hogan 7738: 7736: 7735:Michael Hayes 7733: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7725:Eamonn Duggan 7723: 7721: 7718: 7717: 7715: 7711: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7696: 7695: 7692: 7686: 7678: 7673: 7671: 7666: 7664: 7659: 7658: 7655: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7633: 7630: 7629: 7627: 7623: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7611:Patrick Hogan 7609: 7607: 7606:Michael Hayes 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7596:Ernest Blythe 7594: 7593: 7591: 7587: 7581: 7578: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7570:Eamonn Duggan 7568: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7552: 7550: 7546: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7531: 7530: 7527: 7521: 7513: 7508: 7506: 7501: 7499: 7494: 7493: 7490: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7458: 7455: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7437:Ernest Blythe 7435: 7434: 7432: 7428: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7401:Cathal Brugha 7399: 7397: 7396:Robert Barton 7394: 7393: 7391: 7387: 7381: 7378: 7376: 7372: 7371: 7368: 7362: 7354: 7349: 7347: 7342: 7340: 7335: 7334: 7331: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7308:Ernest Blythe 7306: 7304: 7303:Robert Barton 7301: 7300: 7298: 7294: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7277:Eoin MacNeill 7275: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7252:Cathal Brugha 7250: 7249: 7247: 7243: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7228: 7227: 7224: 7218: 7210: 7205: 7203: 7198: 7196: 7191: 7190: 7187: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7159:Eoin MacNeill 7157: 7156: 7153: 7147: 7146:Cathal Brugha 7144: 7142: 7138: 7137: 7134: 7128: 7120: 7115: 7113: 7108: 7106: 7101: 7100: 7097: 7083: 7082: 7078: 7070: 7067: 7066: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6987: 6986: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6927: 6924: 6922: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6907: 6906: 6862: 6859: 6858: 6852: 6848: 6842: 6838: 6831: 6826: 6822: 6821:Teachtaí Dála 6815: 6810: 6808: 6803: 6801: 6796: 6795: 6792: 6786: 6779: 6770: 6761: 6759: 6752: 6751:Eamonn Duggan 6746: 6741: 6738:Jan–Aug 1922 6736: 6735: 6729: 6725: 6721: 6712: 6711: 6704: 6703:Eoin MacNeill 6698: 6694: 6687:Jan–Apr 1919 6685: 6684: 6678: 6674: 6669: 6666: 6659: 6658: 6654: 6648: 6644: 6641: 6638: 6634: 6633: 6629: 6623: 6619: 6616: 6612: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6600: 6596: 6595: 6591: 6584: 6578: 6575: 6571: 6566: 6562: 6558: 6555: 6552: 6548: 6544: 6542: 6541: 6536: 6535:British Pathe 6533: 6531: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6495: 6491: 6487: 6485: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6463: 6460: 6459: 6450: 6446: 6443: 6439: 6435: 6431: 6427: 6423: 6419: 6414: 6411: 6407: 6404: 6400: 6397: 6393: 6392: 6382: 6376: 6368: 6363: 6360:. Hutchinson. 6359: 6354: 6350: 6349: 6343: 6339: 6333: 6329: 6324: 6320: 6315: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6300: 6293: 6289: 6284: 6280: 6275: 6271: 6266: 6262: 6256: 6248: 6243: 6239: 6234: 6230: 6224: 6220: 6219: 6213: 6208: 6204: 6198: 6193: 6192: 6185: 6181: 6176: 6172: 6167: 6163: 6157: 6153: 6148: 6144: 6138: 6134: 6129: 6125: 6120: 6116: 6111: 6107: 6105:1-84603-023-4 6101: 6096: 6095: 6088: 6084: 6078: 6074: 6070: 6066: 6062: 6056: 6051: 6050: 6044: 6040: 6036: 6035: 6029: 6025: 6020: 6016: 6011: 6010: 5997: 5992: 5976: 5972: 5966: 5950: 5946: 5942: 5935: 5929: 5925: 5922: 5917: 5910: 5906: 5903: 5898: 5891: 5887: 5884: 5879: 5872: 5866: 5859: 5853: 5845: 5843:9781785374944 5839: 5835: 5828: 5819: 5812: 5807: 5805: 5803: 5801: 5785: 5781: 5777: 5773: 5766: 5751:. 23 May 2003 5750: 5746: 5740: 5725:. 1 July 2012 5724: 5720: 5714: 5698: 5694: 5688: 5672: 5668: 5662: 5655: 5649: 5642: 5636: 5620: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5604: 5600: 5596: 5592: 5585: 5576: 5569: 5563: 5547: 5543: 5537: 5533: 5532: 5524: 5508: 5504: 5503: 5498: 5492: 5490: 5482: 5478: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5457: 5450: 5444: 5428: 5424: 5418: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5388: 5382: 5378: 5375: 5370: 5361: 5352: 5350: 5342: 5336: 5334: 5324: 5315: 5306: 5299: 5293: 5286: 5280: 5273: 5267: 5260: 5254: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5236:Kee, Robert. 5233: 5226: 5222: 5219: 5213: 5204: 5195: 5186: 5177: 5175: 5165: 5156: 5147: 5138: 5129: 5120: 5113: 5110:Taylor, Rex. 5107: 5091: 5087: 5086: 5081: 5079: 5071: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5041: 5032: 5023: 5014: 5008: 5002: 4986: 4982: 4976: 4969: 4963: 4954: 4946: 4939: 4932: 4926: 4910: 4906: 4900: 4898: 4896: 4888: 4882: 4880: 4872: 4866: 4864: 4862: 4852: 4843: 4834: 4827: 4821: 4814: 4813: 4808: 4802: 4800: 4798: 4796: 4789:, 2019, p. 13 4788: 4782: 4775: 4769: 4762: 4756: 4749: 4743: 4735: 4728: 4721: 4715: 4708: 4702: 4700: 4698: 4688: 4686: 4684: 4676: 4672: 4669: 4664: 4658:, pp. 236–76. 4657: 4651: 4644: 4638: 4629: 4622: 4616: 4600: 4596: 4590: 4588: 4578: 4569: 4562: 4556: 4547: 4541: 4535: 4526: 4510: 4506: 4500: 4496: 4495: 4487: 4480: 4474: 4472: 4462: 4453: 4446: 4440: 4433: 4427: 4425: 4417: 4411: 4404: 4400: 4394: 4392: 4385: 4382:Deasy, Liam. 4379: 4377: 4375: 4373: 4363: 4356: 4353:L. S. Amery, 4350: 4341: 4332: 4325: 4320: 4314: 4310: 4307: 4302: 4300: 4283: 4279: 4278:"Irish Times" 4273: 4266: 4262: 4257: 4250: 4246: 4241: 4234: 4230: 4225: 4218: 4214: 4209: 4202: 4196: 4187: 4178: 4169: 4161: 4155: 4148: 4142: 4135: 4131: 4126: 4119: 4113: 4111: 4109: 4092: 4088: 4082: 4078: 4077: 4069: 4060: 4053: 4047: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4016: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3998: 3994: 3977: 3973: 3967: 3958: 3943: 3939: 3932: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3902: 3895: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3877: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3837: 3833: 3827: 3823: 3816: 3808: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3788: 3786: 3778: 3773: 3765: 3758: 3751: 3745: 3738: 3732: 3725: 3719: 3703: 3699: 3693: 3685: 3679: 3675: 3668: 3660: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3645: 3637: 3629: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3614: 3606: 3591: 3585: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3568: 3563: 3561: 3553: 3548: 3533: 3532: 3527: 3520: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3469: 3462: 3461:9780099685807 3458: 3454: 3448: 3439: 3432: 3427: 3420: 3415: 3396: 3392: 3385: 3379: 3360: 3356: 3349: 3343: 3324: 3320: 3313: 3307: 3291: 3287: 3280: 3274: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3244: 3228: 3224: 3218: 3214: 3213: 3205: 3201: 3187: 3181: 3177: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3143: 3137: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3124:wrote a play 3123: 3119: 3117: 3113: 3103: 3101: 3097: 3096: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3082:Brendan Behan 3078: 3076: 3075:Johnny McEvoy 3072: 3071: 3066: 3062: 3061: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3028: 3023: 3014: 3012: 3011: 3006: 3002: 2997: 2995: 2994: 2988: 2986: 2982: 2980: 2976: 2971: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2960: 2956:'s 1996 film 2955: 2952: 2947: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2932: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2914: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2903: 2898: 2897:Dominic Behan 2893: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2870: 2865: 2861: 2860: 2859:Beloved Enemy 2850: 2836: 2833: 2830: 2827: 2824: 2822: 2818: 2808: 2806: 2794: 2791: 2783: 2780:February 2024 2773: 2769: 2765: 2759: 2758: 2754: 2749:This section 2747: 2743: 2738: 2737: 2729: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2718: 2717:nom de guerre 2713: 2710:. During the 2709: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2693: 2691: 2686: 2684: 2680: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2655: 2653: 2648: 2646: 2637: 2633: 2631: 2626: 2624: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2608:Mary Robinson 2599: 2593:Commemoration 2590: 2586: 2582: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2567:Kitty Kiernan 2561:Kitty Kiernan 2559: 2555: 2551: 2545:Personal life 2542: 2535: 2534:state funeral 2531: 2530:Pro-Cathedral 2526: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2500: 2491: 2489: 2485: 2480: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2461: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2441: 2435: 2433: 2430: 2424: 2422: 2416: 2412: 2410: 2406: 2405:Béal na Bláth 2402: 2398: 2394: 2389: 2385: 2376: 2363: 2351: 2340:Assassination 2337: 2333: 2326: 2322: 2317: 2313: 2311: 2307: 2302: 2299: 2290: 2287: 2281: 2278: 2273: 2266: 2261: 2257: 2255: 2251: 2250:National Army 2245: 2242: 2236: 2234: 2228: 2221: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2197: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2186:field marshal 2182: 2180: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2148: 2145: 2137: 2127: 2123: 2117: 2116: 2111:This section 2109: 2105: 2100: 2099: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2081: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2053: 2048: 2046: 2042: 2037: 2033: 2024: 2020: 2015: 2006: 2004: 1999: 1997: 1992: 1989: 1985: 1979: 1976: 1971: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1893: 1884: 1880: 1878: 1872: 1870: 1869:Rory O'Connor 1866: 1860: 1856: 1854: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1796: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1765: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1745: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1729: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1714: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1687:Knightsbridge 1684: 1680: 1676: 1675:Eamonn Duggan 1672: 1671:Robert Barton 1664:negotiations. 1663: 1659: 1654: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1635: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1618: 1614: 1609: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1593: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1578: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1555: 1553: 1547: 1545: 1539: 1537: 1533: 1532:Dublin Castle 1529: 1528:Bloody Sunday 1523: 1521: 1517: 1511: 1509: 1504: 1500: 1499:assassination 1491: 1487: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1468: 1464: 1459: 1456: 1450: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1435: 1432: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1414: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1326: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1315:New York City 1312: 1311:Soviet Bureau 1308: 1304: 1300: 1299:Batt O'Connor 1295: 1292: 1288: 1278: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1259: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1248:Cathal Brugha 1245: 1242:) met in the 1241: 1237: 1232: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1217: 1211: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1188: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1171:Eoin MacNeill 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1155:Cathal Brugha 1152: 1147: 1143: 1134: 1132: 1127: 1126:dual monarchy 1121: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1096: 1091: 1087: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1066: 1063: 1057: 1055: 1050: 1047: 1045: 1041: 1040:Stafford Gaol 1037: 1033: 1029: 1024: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1013:Easter Monday 1009: 1007: 1003: 998: 996: 992: 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 959:Easter Rising 956: 948: 947:Stafford Gaol 943: 935: 929:Easter Rising 926: 924: 920: 919:Dawson Street 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 871: 869: 865: 861: 857: 852: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 825: 821: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 789: 787: 783: 782:IRA offensive 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 746: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 715:December 1918 712: 708: 704: 700: 695: 693: 689: 685: 684:Easter Rising 681: 680:Gaelic League 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 656: 654: 650: 649:National Army 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 605: 599: 597: 591: 588: 586: 583: 581: 580:Easter Rising 578: 577: 575: 571: 568: 565: 561: 557: 553: 547: 546:National Army 544: 542: 539: 537: 534: 532: 529: 527: 524: 523: 521: 517: 512: 509: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 484:(grand-niece) 483: 480: 477: 474: 473: 471: 467: 463: 460: 456: 453: 450: 448:Resting place 446: 443: 442:Assassination 440: 436: 432: 431:Béal na Bláth 423: 419: 415: 403: 399: 394: 390: 387: 384: 378: 375: 372: 366: 360: 355: 352: 348: 345: 342: 338: 334: 333:December 1918 329: 324: 321: 318: 314: 310: 305: 300: 297: 293: 290: 287: 281: 278: 275: 269: 263: 258: 255: 251: 247: 241: 238: 237:Eoin MacNeill 235: 229: 223: 218: 215: 211: 208: 205: 199: 196: 193: 187: 181: 176: 173: 169: 165: 158: 153: 144: 137: 134: 126: 123: 115: 103: 102: 96: 91: 82: 81: 72: 69: 61: 49: 48: 43:This article 41: 32: 31: 19: 9774:Clan na Gael 9578:Joe McKelvey 9573:Liam Mellows 9548:Emmet Dalton 9532: 9512:Eoin O'Duffy 9318:Organisation 9251:Dáil Éireann 9073:Clan na Gael 8976:20th century 8874:19th century 8847: 8834:Harry Boland 8827:Seán McGarry 8792:Neal O'Boyle 8785:John O'Leary 8689:Fenian raids 8602: 8472:Simon Harris 8447:Alan Shatter 8437:Dermot Ahern 8387:Seán Doherty 8382:Jim Mitchell 8287:Austin Stack 8276: 8189:Ruairi Quinn 8184:Bertie Ahern 8088: 7981: 7918:Simon Harris 7908:Leo Varadkar 7893:Bertie Ahern 7745:Fionán Lynch 7703: 7697: 7554: 7532: 7462:Art O'Connor 7421:Austin Stack 7405: 7373: 7256: 7229: 7163: 7139: 7074: 7032: 7006:Thomas Nagle 6952: 6827:constituency 6756: 6732: 6727: 6708: 6681: 6676: 6664: 6653:Teachta Dála 6651: 6646: 6639: 6628:Teachta Dála 6626: 6621: 6607: 6588: 6539: 6437: 6421: 6417: 6409: 6402: 6395: 6366: 6357: 6347: 6327: 6318: 6309: 6299:No Other Law 6298: 6287: 6278: 6269: 6246: 6237: 6217: 6190: 6179: 6170: 6151: 6132: 6123: 6114: 6093: 6072: 6048: 6033: 6023: 6014: 6006:Bibliography 5991: 5979:. 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Retrieved 4886: 4873:, pp.110–111 4870: 4851: 4842: 4833: 4825: 4820: 4810: 4786: 4781: 4773: 4768: 4760: 4755: 4747: 4742: 4733: 4727: 4719: 4714: 4707:No Other Law 4706: 4663: 4655: 4650: 4642: 4637: 4628: 4620: 4615: 4603:. Retrieved 4599:the original 4577: 4568: 4560: 4555: 4546: 4539: 4534: 4525: 4513:. Retrieved 4493: 4486: 4478: 4461: 4452: 4444: 4439: 4431: 4416:No Other Law 4415: 4410: 4402: 4398: 4383: 4362: 4354: 4349: 4340: 4331: 4323: 4319: 4286:. Retrieved 4272: 4264: 4256: 4248: 4240: 4232: 4224: 4216: 4208: 4200: 4199:E O'Malley. 4195: 4186: 4177: 4168: 4154: 4146: 4141: 4133: 4125: 4117: 4116:Barry, Tom. 4095:. Retrieved 4075: 4068: 4059: 4051: 4050:Breen, Dan. 4046: 4034:. Retrieved 4025: 4015: 4007: 3993: 3980:. Retrieved 3976:the original 3966: 3957: 3945:. Retrieved 3941: 3931: 3919:. Retrieved 3910: 3901: 3893: 3875: 3874:Coogan, TP. 3835: 3821: 3815: 3796: 3772: 3763: 3757: 3749: 3744: 3736: 3731: 3723: 3718: 3706:. 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Retrieved 3211: 3204: 3180: 3125: 3120: 3111: 3109: 3093: 3079: 3068: 3058: 3046: 3032: 3008: 3004: 2998: 2991: 2989: 2984: 2983: 2972: 2957: 2948: 2943: 2929: 2925: 2915: 2907:the Troubles 2900: 2894: 2872:, a British 2867: 2864:Brian Aherne 2857: 2855: 2834: 2831: 2828: 2825: 2814: 2801: 2786: 2777: 2762:Please help 2750: 2715: 2694: 2687: 2682: 2678: 2675: 2666: 2649: 2642: 2627: 2604: 2587: 2583: 2564: 2552: 2548: 2539: 2520: 2508:lay in state 2505: 2481: 2462: 2458: 2449: 2445: 2436: 2429:British Army 2425: 2417: 2413: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2334: 2330: 2303: 2300: 2296: 2282: 2274: 2270: 2246: 2237: 2229: 2225: 2193: 2183: 2155: 2140: 2134:January 2018 2131: 2120:Please help 2115:verification 2112: 2088: 2084: 2076: 2067: 2063: 2049: 2035: 2028: 2000: 1993: 1980: 1974: 1972: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1933:Seamus Woods 1907:between the 1898: 1881: 1877:Teachta Dála 1873: 1861: 1857: 1849: 1846: 1838:Treaty Ports 1826: 1817: 1813: 1797: 1789:John Redmond 1781:independence 1766: 1761:Commonwealth 1746: 1730: 1718:Lloyd George 1715: 1711:Emmet Dalton 1667: 1642: 1638: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1610: 1594: 1575: 1572:Labour Party 1561: 1548: 1540: 1524: 1512: 1501:unit called 1496: 1484:Liam Mellows 1460: 1451: 1436: 1427:Intelligence 1410: 1404: 1396: 1392: 1389:Harry Boland 1332: 1319:Harry Boland 1296: 1284: 1260: 1250:was elected 1236:Dáil Éireann 1233: 1225:Orthodox Jew 1212: 1184: 1145: 1122: 1099: 1072: 1058: 1051: 1048: 1042:. Historian 1025: 1010: 999: 971:James Larkin 952: 914: 891:stockbrokers 887:Blythe House 872: 867: 853: 830: 795: 747: 696: 668:Blythe House 657: 612: 611: 595: 573:Battles/wars 426:(1922-08-22) 381:Succeeded by 358: 340:Constituency 327: 316:Constituency 303: 296:Teachta Dála 284:Succeeded by 276: 261: 244:Succeeded by 221: 202:Succeeded by 194: 179: 133: 118: 109: 98: 64: 55: 44: 9852:1922 deaths 9837:1890 births 9798:Derivatives 9738:Louis Darcy 9698:Moss Twomey 9693:Frank Aiken 9663:Seán Moylan 9623:Seán Treacy 9603:Seán Lemass 9598:Tom Maguire 9588:Frank Aiken 9507:(1918–1922) 9499:(1917–1918) 9259:Second Dáil 9146:Derivatives 8820:Thomas Ashe 8732:Army Mutiny 8352:Seán Lemass 8199:Brian Cowen 8164:John Bruton 8149:Richie Ryan 8114:Frank Aiken 7898:Brian Cowen 7888:John Bruton 7858:Seán Lemass 7769:Substitutes 7760:J. J. Walsh 7477:J. J. Walsh 7363:(1921–1922) 7219:(1919–1921) 7015:Seán Moylan 6935:Seán Moylan 6837:transcluded 6195:. Penguin. 5641:Irish Times 5513:3 September 4750:, pp.99–100 4261:Deasy, Liam 3982:26 February 3055:Wolfe Tones 2981:in Dublin. 2964:Liam Neeson 2954:Neil Jordan 2944:Get Collins 2874:documentary 2821:Thomas Ashe 2671:John Lavery 2616:Fianna Fáil 2216:Four Courts 2190:James Craig 2030:in British 1937:partitioned 1865:Four Courts 1793:John Dillon 1777:lower house 1726:F. E. Smith 1656:Collins in 1568:martial law 1516:safe-houses 1455:Príomh Aire 1439:Auxiliaries 1367:Soloheadbeg 1351:Seán Treacy 1273:and at the 1252:Príomh Aire 1210:in Dublin. 1204:Westminster 1106:nationalist 981:during the 903:Sam Maguire 818:Uí Chonaill 806:County Cork 802:Rosscarbery 792:Early years 369:Preceded by 272:Preceded by 232:Preceded by 190:Preceded by 112:August 2020 9831:Categories 9752:Associates 9723:Liam Tobin 9718:Liam Deasy 9708:Seán Hales 9633:Seán Hogan 9558:Paddy Daly 9553:Dick McKee 9255:First Dáil 9065:Associates 9040:Informants 8991:Tom Clarke 8924:John Devoy 8865:Prominent 8742:Presidents 8604:Fenian Ram 8397:Alan Dukes 8174:Alan Dukes 8134:Jack Lynch 8129:James Ryan 7903:Enda Kenny 7863:Jack Lynch 7632:Frank Fahy 7077:Cork North 7051:Seán Hayes 7042:Seán Hales 6971:Seán Hayes 6962:Seán Hales 6926:Seán Nolan 6763:1919–1922 6728:New office 6714:1919–1922 6677:New office 6661:1921–1922 6636:1918–1921 6632:Cork South 6615:Oireachtas 6594:Cork South 6583:John Walsh 6321:. 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London. 5407:13 October 4991:3 December 4213:Barry, Tom 3509:20 January 3485:(2): 334. 3196:References 3126:Allegiance 3122:Mary Kenny 3010:Resistance 3001:Gavin Drea 2940:Ian Bannen 2931:The Treaty 2811:Quotations 2722:Mao Zedong 2699:insurgent 2623:Enda Kenny 2575:Confession 2401:Crookstown 2241:Peter Hart 2019:Skibbereen 1984:internment 1909:Protestant 1853:Liam Lynch 1842:Royal Navy 1741:Liam Lynch 1733:Liam Deasy 1707:Tom Cullen 1703:Liam Tobin 1683:Hans Place 1536:Kilmichael 1472:Dick McKee 1447:Cairo Gang 1413:Eamon Broy 1355:Seán Hogan 1341:including 1323:collateral 1267:Washington 1240:First Dáil 1216:propaganda 1192:Cork South 1137:First Dáil 1108:newspaper 1075:Tom Clarke 993:(UVF), an 899:London GAA 856:Clonakilty 837:blacksmith 723:First Dáil 711:South Cork 672:London GAA 519:Allegiance 407:1890-10-16 344:Cork South 9703:Tom Hales 9643:Tom Barry 9628:Dan Breen 9335:The Squad 9236:Sinn Féin 9216:Genealogy 8959:Pat Nally 8903:John Daly 8633:Sinn Féin 8575:Cuba Five 8540:Fenianism 8417:Nora Owen 8402:Ray Burke 7951:(1922–37) 7713:Ministers 7548:Ministers 7389:Ministers 7245:Ministers 7081:Cork West 6375:cite book 6369:. 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