480:
baby's perceptions and expectations and so begin the foundations of the person's internal and social development, through a more or less unconscious process of adaptation and learning. The baby's posited initial 'sense' of wholeness with mother is thus subjected to different levels of turbulence and there is a necessary experience of loss of that wholeness as the baby grows in awareness of being separate from mother (and the outer world) during this process. With the entry into infancy the child has to struggle with the extent and limitations of his will (agency) and power over his environment and learn to contend with internal images and sense impressions that now populate the mind and senses. It is also the time when pathways are established for the future formation of
184:. His pioneering research into infancy and childhood led to a new understanding of the self and its relations with the ego. Part of Fordham's legacy is to have shown that the self in its unifying characteristics can transcend the apparently opposing forces that congregate in it and that while engaged in the struggle, it can be exceedingly disruptive both destructively and creatively.
475:, where, as a result of a sense of major ruptures, or loss of contact with feeling fed and contained, a deep sense of disappearance, perhaps even of non-being ensues. However, this is usually temporary until the next feed or contact with mother restores the sense of 'one-ness' and well-being and hence, 're-integration'. The swings between these two extreme states is a form of
448:
This idea
Fordham derived partly from the Jungian concept of the archetype of the self, and the psychoanalytic idea of internal 'objects'. The primary self, taken as the original totality of each person, with its 'archetypal' tendencies to develop aspects, such as language, etc., enters into relation with the external world through a dual process of
381:, who promoted the Archetypal school, aligned to classical teaching and the other, led by Fordham, who had been declined by Jung and who impressed upon trainees and younger colleagues, the discipline of the psychoanalytic 'Independent Group', who laid great stress on examining early child development in the analysis of adults and working with the
479:
in
Jungian terms. In the case of a baby it corresponds to a pattern of experiencing a need, feeling 'disappointment' until it is stemmed, and 'satisfaction' when the basic needs are more, or less, successfully met. These experiences in turn activate the inherent internal 'archetypal' dynamics of the
447:
to describe the state of the psyche of neonates, characterised by homeostasis, or 'steady state' as he calls it, where self and other are undifferentiated, where there is no distinction between the internal and external world, and where there are as yet no different components in the internal world.
411:
as most nearly Freud's equal, and if his main life's work was in the end to be founded on a personal and scientific incompatibility with Freud, there are those who believe, like myself, that this was a disaster, and in part an illusion, from which we suffer and will continue to do so until we have
364:
teaching trainees involved in baby observations. He lectured and wrote papers and books. With his wife he played a pivotal role in training the next generation of
Jungian analysts and making major theoretical contributions. In 1971 he was honoured by becoming a Founder Fellow of the
484:, when reactions to certain stimuli remain trapped in the unconscious. This stage is sometimes popularly characterised as 'the terrible twos'. Inklings of self-awareness may also come into this early process. The process itself continues into adult life.
357:. He continued the monumental work of editing Jung's then published works that eventually grew to 20 volumes, and kept up a correspondence with Jung, sometimes needing to be extremely diplomatic in tackling 'inconsistencies'.
397:. These differences proved organisationally and personally insuperable, and Adler and his supporters left the SAP to form an alternative organisation in 1977. Fordham was inspired by Jung, but was not a
1215:
954:
307:, Essex, and terminated his analysis with Baynes and switched to the Jung-trained Hildegard Kirsch, married to another Jungian, James Kirsch, the couple having moved to England to escape
193:
1101:
353:
With the move back to the capital, he took up the post of
Consultant to the Child Guidance Clinic at the West End Hospital for Nervous Diseases. In 1947 he obtained the Degree of
377:
The 1970s were marked by increased tensions over the theoretical direction the SAP should take. Two camps developed: the one led by Jung disciple and refugee from
Germany,
412:
repaired the damage. the best monument that can be raised to Jung's memory is to make use of and develop his work rather than let it be passively accepted and sterilised.
350:– SAP – in London. In the 1970s he would also finally establish a separate Jungian training for analysts wishing to specialise in work with children and adolescents.
331:
291:'s writings. In 1934 he was appointed as a registrar in Child Psychiatry, London Child Guidance Clinic. The same year he entered into a personal analysis with
1275:
795:
334:
in the
Nottingham area. In 1943 his long-time mentor and friend H. G. Baynes died. In 1945 he became a co-editor of English translation of C. G. Jung's
327:, he remained in Nottingham, and his marriage came to an end by 1940. Also in 1940, his analyst, Hildegard Kirsch, emigrated to the United States.
1265:
427:
Buckinghamshire, where he continued a small practice, welcomed visitors and followed cricket. He died there on 14 April 1995, in his 90th year.
1280:
1270:
252:
91:
240:
1290:
385:. Until Fordham's systematic approach to this area, Jung's intuitions on the subject had not been followed up at the Zurich Institute,
299:
to meet Jung, intending to train with him. He was disappointed in this quest and returned to London. In 1935 he began a year as a
1073:
Casement, A. (2014). The Role Played by
Gerhard Adler in the Development of Analytical Psychology Internationally and in the UK.
1300:
1310:
1245:
674:
279:
On completing his medical qualification in 1932, Fordham's first post was as a House
Officer (Junior Medical Officer) at
1220:
866:
1176:
912:
850:
821:
549:
164:
103:
1200:
1285:
1168:
813:
347:
188:
139:
784:
1295:
1250:
423:
After the death in 1988 of his second wife, Frieda (Hoyle, née
Rothwell), Fordham moved to a Quaker community in
330:
In 1942 a new phase of his life began. He married his second wife, and was appointed consultant psychiatrist to
181:
1260:
1255:
1191:
Fordham, Michael. (1969). "Children as
Individuals", London: Hodder and Stoughton, SBN 340 02396 1. pp. 93–110.
366:
987:
176:
led him to make significant theoretical contributions to what has become known as 'The London School' of
343:
232:
223:
950:
339:
1305:
472:
173:
20:
588:
540:
947:
The Child Analytic Tradition of the Society of Analytical Psychology – Birth, Death and Beyond
842:
936:
Davidson, D. (1986). The Child Analytic Training, 1960–1985. J. Anal. Psychol., 31(3):213–222
518:
382:
177:
834:
667:
Freud, Jung, Klein-- the Fenceless Field: Essays on Psychoanalysis and Analytical Psychology
1240:
1235:
481:
300:
292:
244:
228:
221:(1918–1923), where in 1924 Fordham played Don Adriano in a Gresham's School performance of
87:
8:
280:
248:
227:. In 1920 his mother died. From then on, Fordham was mentored by a friend of the family,
214:
401:. This nuance was expressed in Fordham's text on the occasion of Jung's death in 1961:
390:
354:
1172:
1145:
1056:
1052:
1018:
1014:
908:
846:
835:
817:
757:
753:
729:
725:
701:
697:
670:
654:
650:
626:
618:
424:
360:
Throughout the next decades he ran a private analytic practice and had a role in the
197:, the foremost journal in the field, of which he was editor for 15 years from 1955.
1116:
1048:
1010:
749:
721:
693:
646:
394:
361:
324:
206:
125:
121:
1136:
Fordham, Michael (1947). "Integration, disintegration and early ego development".
267:
was born in 1933. In 1940, their marriage was dissolved and he married, secondly,
790:
602:
304:
236:
59:
312:
268:
169:
138:
Child Guidance Centre, West End Hospital for Nervous Diseases: Child Guidance,
1229:
622:
476:
469:
378:
218:
966:"West End Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, 91 Dean Street, Soho, W1"
1149:
1022:
320:
308:
1060:
965:
761:
733:
705:
658:
630:
637:
Hobdell, R (1986), "A bibliography of the writings of Michael Fordham.",
264:
1121:
346:. Later that year, he became a co-founder with seven colleagues, of the
316:
231:, who would later influence the young man's career path. He went up to
210:
154:(4 August 1905 – 14 April 1995) was an English child psychiatrist and
135:
44:
288:
159:
155:
712:
Hubback, J (1986), "Fordham the clinician as seen in his writings",
1201:
Kenneth Lambert's exposition of the theory, (accessed 25 May 2019)
571:
is awarded for exceptionally innovative articles submitted to the
1221:
Michael Fordham on the Society of Analytical Psychology website
547:
From 1945, Fordham was co-editor of the English translation of
468:- as opposed to disintegration - to denote a state akin to the
296:
311:. Also in 1936, he took up a part-time consultant's post at a
408:
284:
1001:
Beebe, John. (2006). "Editing as a Psychological Practice".
927:
Obituary of Frieda Fordham, The Independent, 21 January 1988
684:
Hubback, J (1986), "Frieda Fordham's influence on Michael",
209:
and his wife Sara Gertrude Worthington, Fordham was born in
158:
analyst. He was a co-editor of the English translation of
905:
The Jungians: A Comparative and Historical Perspective
430:
263:
In 1928, Fordham married Molly Swabey, and their son,
1086:
Quoted in Astor, James. obituary of Michael Fordham,
389:
the Swiss 'lay' analyst Dora Kalff, who ran with Dr.
886:, Wednesday, 9 July 1924 (Issue 43699); p. 12, col C
880:
Love's Labour's Lost Performance at Gresham's School
459:
407:
His name is still automatically linked with that of
783:
443:In 1947 Fordham proposed a distinct theory of the
168:. His clinical and theoretical collaboration with
902:
1227:
1162:
1135:
1099:
664:
287:, Surrey. The following year he began to read
665:Fordham Michael (1998). Roger Hobdell (ed.).
271:, a social worker and later also an analyst.
1276:Fellows of the British Psychological Society
1000:
1216:Papers of Michael Fordham at wellcome.ac.uk
781:
393:'s idea of engaging children in diagnostic
200:
832:
521:(1969, revised from The Life of Childhood)
372:
180:in marked contrast to the approach of the
102:Editing the English translation of Jung's
92:St. Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College
1120:
841:. Hove and New York: Routledge. pp.
533:(1978) London: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
503:New Developments in Analytical Psychology
241:St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College
187:Fordham was instrumental in founding the
988:"West End Hospital for Nervous Diseases"
898:
896:
894:
892:
810:Dying and Creating, a Search for Meaning
239:. For his clinical training he attended
711:
683:
636:
556:From 1955 to 1970 he was editor of the
191:, London, in 1946 and a founder of the
1228:
594:Obituary Notice of Michael Fordham in
889:
1281:20th-century British medical doctors
1271:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
1041:The Journal of Analytical Psychology
1003:The Journal of Analytical Psychology
742:The Journal of Analytical Psychology
714:The Journal of Analytical Psychology
686:The Journal of Analytical Psychology
639:The Journal of Analytical Psychology
611:The Journal of Analytical Psychology
598:, volume 40, No. 3, pp. 430–431
243:(1927-1932). He took the degrees of
1266:People educated at Gresham's School
720:(3) (published July 1986): 235–42,
645:(3) (published July 1986): 307–15,
435:
431:Fordham's theoretical contributions
13:
1291:20th-century British psychologists
692:(3) (published July 1986): 243–6,
585:The Making of an Analyst: a memoir
537:The Making of an Analyst: a memoir
14:
1322:
1209:
798:from the original on 12 May 2022.
550:The Collected Works of C. G. Jung
460:De-integration and re-integration
1169:Society of Analytical Psychology
1053:10.1111/j.1465-5922.1986.00195.x
1015:10.1111/j.0021-8774.2006.00596.x
814:Society of Analytical Psychology
754:10.1111/j.1465-5922.1986.00195.x
726:10.1111/j.1465-5922.1986.00235.x
698:10.1111/j.1465-5922.1986.00243.x
651:10.1111/j.1465-5922.1986.00307.x
609:"Michael Fordham (1905–1995).",
596:Journal of Analytical Psychology
573:Journal of Analytical Psychology
558:Journal of Analytical Psychology
348:Society of Analytical Psychology
194:Journal of Analytical Psychology
189:Society of Analytical Psychology
140:Society of Analytical Psychology
1194:
1185:
1156:
1129:
1093:
1080:
1067:
1032:
994:
980:
958:
837:Archetype, Attachment, Analysis
578:
487:
939:
930:
921:
873:
859:
826:
802:
775:
562:
418:
367:Royal College of Psychiatrists
152:Michael Scott Montague Fordham
19:For the High Court judge, see
1:
1039:"Michael Fordham re-viewed".
945:Midgen, Melissa Jane. (2016)
782:James Astor (24 April 1995).
768:
740:"Michael Fordham re-viewed",
338:for the publishing houses of
213:, London and was educated at
1301:British cognitive scientists
1102:"Michael Fordham – obituary"
587:by Michael Fordham (London,
182:C. G. Jung Institute, Zürich
7:
1311:Developmental psychologists
1246:British child psychiatrists
785:"Obituary: Michael Fordham"
10:
1327:
968:. Lost hospitals of London
903:Kirsch, Thomas B. (2012).
499:, London: Routledge (1944)
492:His publications include:
344:Princeton University Press
340:Routledge & Kegan Paul
323:. At the out-break of the
281:Long Grove Mental Hospital
233:Trinity College, Cambridge
18:
1163:Fordham, Michael (1976).
1047:(3): 195–315. July 1986.
951:University of East London
907:. Routledge. p. 38.
748:(3): 195–315, July 1986,
274:
258:
145:
131:
116:
109:
98:
83:
75:
67:
52:
37:
30:
1100:Anthony Stevens (1995).
617:(3): 418–34, July 1995,
464:Fordham coined the term
201:Background and education
1286:British epistemologists
1090:, Tuesday 25 April 1995
1028:(subscription required)
515:Children as Individuals
373:The London-Zurich split
251:in 1931, and became an
207:Montague Edward Fordham
174:object relations school
21:Michael Fordham (judge)
1296:Positive psychologists
1251:People from Kensington
589:Free Association Books
541:Free Association Books
519:Hodder & Stoughton
416:
1261:Jungian psychologists
1256:English psychiatrists
569:Michael Fordham Prize
531:Jungian Psychotherapy
497:The Life of Childhood
403:
178:analytical psychology
1138:Nervous Child, 6 (3)
1109:Psychiatric Bulletin
990:. National Archives.
953:. (Doctoral thesis)
509:The Objective Psyche
301:General Practitioner
235:(1924-1927) to read
229:Helton Godwin Baynes
224:Love's Labour's Lost
88:Cambridge University
16:British psychiatrist
1165:The Self and Autism
1122:10.1192/pb.19.9.581
833:Knox, Jean (2004).
525:The Self and Autism
473:depressive position
808:Gordon, Rosemary.
391:Margaret Lowenfeld
332:evacuated children
205:The second son of
1075:J. Anal. Psychol.
867:"Michael Fordham"
425:Chalfont St Peter
149:
148:
111:Scientific career
1318:
1203:
1198:
1192:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1106:
1097:
1091:
1084:
1078:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1026:
998:
992:
991:
984:
978:
977:
975:
973:
962:
956:
943:
937:
934:
928:
925:
919:
918:
900:
887:
877:
871:
870:
863:
857:
856:
840:
830:
824:
806:
800:
799:
787:
779:
764:
736:
708:
680:
661:
633:
362:Tavistock Clinic
325:Second World War
215:Gresham's School
126:Jungian analysis
122:Child psychiatry
28:
27:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1226:
1225:
1212:
1207:
1206:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1179:
1161:
1157:
1134:
1130:
1104:
1098:
1094:
1088:The Independent
1085:
1081:
1072:
1068:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1027:
999:
995:
986:
985:
981:
971:
969:
964:
963:
959:
944:
940:
935:
931:
926:
922:
915:
901:
890:
878:
874:
865:
864:
860:
853:
831:
827:
807:
803:
791:The Independent
780:
776:
771:
739:
677:
676:978-0-415186155
608:
605:, 25 April 1995
603:The Independent
581:
565:
490:
462:
441:
433:
421:
375:
336:Collected Works
277:
261:
237:Natural science
203:
165:Collected Works
104:Collected Works
84:Alma mater
63:
60:Buckinghamshire
57:
48:
42:
33:
32:Michael Fordham
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1324:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1306:Structuralists
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1211:
1210:External links
1208:
1205:
1204:
1193:
1184:
1177:
1171:. p. 16.
1155:
1128:
1092:
1079:
1066:
1031:
1009:(3): 329–356.
993:
979:
957:
938:
929:
920:
913:
888:
872:
858:
851:
825:
801:
773:
772:
770:
767:
766:
765:
737:
709:
681:
675:
662:
634:
606:
599:
592:
580:
577:
564:
561:
545:
544:
534:
528:
522:
512:
506:
500:
489:
486:
461:
458:
454:re-integration
450:de-integration
440:
434:
432:
429:
420:
417:
415:
414:
374:
371:
313:Child Guidance
276:
273:
260:
257:
202:
199:
170:psychoanalysts
147:
146:
143:
142:
133:
129:
128:
118:
114:
113:
107:
106:
100:
99:Known for
96:
95:
85:
81:
80:
77:
73:
72:
69:
65:
64:
58:
54:
50:
49:
43:
39:
35:
34:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1323:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1202:
1197:
1188:
1180:
1178:0-433-30882-6
1174:
1170:
1166:
1159:
1151:
1147:
1144:(3): 266–77.
1143:
1139:
1132:
1123:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1083:
1077:, 59(1):78–97
1076:
1070:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1035:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
997:
989:
983:
967:
961:
955:
952:
948:
942:
933:
924:
916:
914:9781134725519
910:
906:
899:
897:
895:
893:
885:
881:
876:
868:
862:
854:
852:1-58391-129-4
848:
844:
839:
838:
829:
823:
822:0-9505983-0-5
819:
815:
811:
805:
797:
793:
792:
786:
778:
774:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
738:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
710:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
682:
678:
672:
669:. Routledge.
668:
663:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
635:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
607:
604:
600:
597:
593:
590:
586:
583:
582:
576:
574:
570:
560:
559:
554:
552:
551:
542:
538:
535:
532:
529:
526:
523:
520:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
494:
493:
485:
483:
478:
477:Enantiodromia
474:
471:
467:
466:deintegration
457:
455:
451:
446:
439:
428:
426:
413:
410:
405:
404:
402:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
379:Gerhard Adler
370:
368:
363:
358:
356:
351:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
272:
270:
266:
256:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
225:
220:
219:Holt, Norfolk
216:
212:
208:
198:
196:
195:
190:
185:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
166:
161:
157:
153:
144:
141:
137:
134:
130:
127:
123:
119:
115:
112:
108:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
61:
56:14 April 1995
55:
51:
46:
41:4 August 1905
40:
36:
29:
26:
22:
1196:
1187:
1164:
1158:
1141:
1137:
1131:
1112:
1108:
1095:
1087:
1082:
1074:
1069:
1044:
1040:
1034:
1006:
1002:
996:
982:
970:. Retrieved
960:
946:
941:
932:
923:
904:
883:
879:
875:
861:
836:
828:
809:
804:
789:
777:
745:
741:
717:
713:
689:
685:
666:
642:
638:
614:
610:
601:Obituary in
595:
584:
579:Bibliography
572:
568:
566:
557:
555:
548:
546:
536:
530:
524:
514:
508:
502:
496:
491:
488:Publications
465:
463:
453:
449:
445:primary self
444:
442:
438:primary self
437:
422:
406:
398:
386:
383:transference
376:
359:
352:
335:
329:
309:Nazi Germany
295:and visited
293:H. G. Baynes
278:
269:Frieda Hoyle
262:
222:
204:
192:
186:
163:
151:
150:
132:Institutions
110:
25:
1241:1995 deaths
1236:1905 births
1115:: 581–584.
563:In Memoriam
419:Later years
76:Citizenship
68:Nationality
1230:Categories
972:12 January
949:. London:
812:. London:
769:References
517:, London:
317:Nottingham
315:clinic in
211:Kensington
136:Nottingham
120:Medicine,
45:Kensington
884:The Times
623:0021-8774
539:(London:
482:complexes
319:, in the
255:in 1932.
160:C.G. Jung
62:, England
1150:20254527
1023:16712681
816:. 1978.
796:Archived
470:Kleinian
395:sandplay
321:Midlands
47:, London
1061:3528101
762:3528101
734:3528103
706:3528104
659:3528105
631:7649848
591:, 1993)
543:, 1993)
399:Jungian
305:Barking
172:of the
156:Jungian
79:British
71:English
1175:
1167:. The
1148:
1059:
1021:
911:
849:
820:
760:
732:
704:
673:
657:
629:
621:
527:(1976)
511:(1958)
505:(1957)
297:Zurich
275:Career
259:Family
117:Fields
1105:(PDF)
845:–69.
409:Freud
285:Epsom
1173:ISBN
1146:PMID
1057:PMID
1019:PMID
974:2020
909:ISBN
847:ISBN
818:ISBN
758:PMID
730:PMID
702:PMID
671:ISBN
655:PMID
627:PMID
619:ISSN
567:The
452:and
436:The
387:pace
342:and
289:Jung
253:MRCP
247:and
53:Died
38:Born
1117:doi
1049:doi
1011:doi
882:in
750:doi
722:doi
694:doi
647:doi
303:in
283:in
265:Max
249:BCh
162:'s
1232::
1140:.
1113:19
1111:.
1107:.
1055:.
1045:31
1043:.
1017:.
1007:51
1005:.
891:^
843:40
794:.
788:.
756:,
746:31
744:,
728:,
718:31
716:,
700:,
690:31
688:,
653:,
643:31
641:,
625:,
615:40
613:,
575:.
553:.
456:.
369:.
355:MD
245:MB
217:,
124:,
90:,
1181:.
1152:.
1142:6
1125:.
1119::
1063:.
1051::
1025:.
1013::
976:.
917:.
869:.
855:.
752::
724::
696::
679:.
649::
94:,
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.