7539:
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60:
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1619:, his former minister of state at the Home Office, made a statement in the House of Commons about the dismissal of Derek Lewis and remarked of Howard that there is "something of the night" about him. This much quoted comment is thought to have contributed to the failure of his 1997 bid for the Conservative Party leadership, including by Howard and Widdecombe and led to him being caricatured as a vampire, in part due to his Romanian ancestry. Such characterisations caused discontent among some members of Britain's Jewish community.
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1934:
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1980:
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1678:, appointed him Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer. His performances in the post won him much praise; indeed, under his guidance, the Conservatives decided to debate the economy on an 'Opposition Day' for the first time in several years. After Duncan Smith was removed from the leadership, Howard was elected unopposed as leader of the party in November 2003.
1501:
worked though the prison population rose from 42,000 to nearly 85,000. Ken Clarke disagreed, pointing to a 60% recidivism rate amongst newly released prisoners and hinting that factors such as better household and vehicle security and better policing could be influencing crime rates, not just the incapacitation effect of removing offenders to prison.
1572:
have since ruled that, though
Parliament may set minimum and maximum terms for individual categories of crime, it is the responsibility of the trial judge, with the benefit of all the evidence and argument from both prosecution and defence counsel, to determine the minimum term in individual criminal
1818:
that he would not lead the party into the next general election as, already aged 63, he would be "too old" by that stage, and that he would stand down "sooner rather than later", following a revision of the
Conservative leadership electoral process. Despite Labour winning a third term in government,
1745:
claims and misleading
Parliament. In July, the Conservative leader stated that he would not have voted for the motion that authorised the Iraq War had he known the quality of intelligence information on which the WMD claims were based. At the same time, he said he still believed in the Iraq invasion
1785:
again concentrated on Howard with coverage of a campaign trip to
Cornwall and an interview with Jeremy Paxman. The piece, which purported to show that members of the public could not identify Howard and that those who recognised him did not support him, was the subject of an official complaint from
1651:
Howard came in last out of five candidates with the support of only 23 MPs in the first round of polling for the leadership election. He then withdrew from the race and endorsed the eventual winner, William Hague. Howard served as Shadow
Foreign Secretary for the next two years but retired from the
1542:
newspaper handed a petition bearing nearly 280,000 signatures to Howard, in a bid to increase the time spent by both boys in custody. This campaign was successful, and the boys were kept in custody for a minimum of fifteen years, meaning that they would not be considered for release until
February
1607:
asked Howard whether he had in fact threatened to overrule Lewis, posing the question "Did you threaten to overrule him?" twelve times. Howard repeatedly said that he "did not instruct him", ignoring the "threaten" part of the question. Paxman asked him again in another interview in 2004. Howard
1763:
and Zurich UK. This was in recognition of his performance at the dispatch box in his previous role as Shadow
Chancellor. However, twelve months after he became party leader, neither his personal popularity nor his party's with the public had risen appreciably in opinion polls from several years
1500:
As Home
Secretary he pursued a tough approach to crime, summed up in his sound bite, "prison works". During his tenure as Home Secretary, recorded crime fell by 16.8%. In 2010 Howard claimed a 45% decrease in crime since a 1993 study by Home Office criminologist Roger Tarling proved that prison
1822:
Howard's own constituency of
Folkestone and Hythe had been heavily targeted by the Liberal Democrats as the most sought after prize of their failed "decapitation" strategy of seeking to gain seats from prominent Conservatives. Yet Howard almost doubled his majority to 11,680, while the Liberal
1292:
Bernat Hecht was a synagogue cantor who worked for his wife's family drapery business, later establishing himself as a prominent local businessman, owning three shops in
Llanelli. When Howard was six, his parents became naturalised as British subjects and the family name was changed to Howard.
1455:
but almost universally nicknamed the "poll tax". Howard personally supported the tax and won Thatcher's respect for minimising the rebellion against it within the Conservative Party. After a period as Minister for Water and Planning in 1988–89, during which he was responsible for implementing
1929:
relating to fundraising for the 2005 election campaign. He was not suspected of any criminal activity, was not accused of any criminal activity, and gave evidence purely as a witness in an investigation focusing primarily on the Labour Government's use of the peerages system and their party
1811:) and Labour's majority shrank from 167 to 66. The Conservatives were left with 198 seats to Labour's 355. The Conservative share of the national vote increased by 0.6% from 2001 and 1.6% from 1997. The party ended with 32.4% of the total votes cast, which was within 3% of Labour on 35.2%.
1630:
after 10 months of their 18-year prison sentences for heroin smuggling, after they had provided information leading to the seizure of firearms. In 2008 Haase and Bennett were convicted of having set up the weapons finds to earn them their release, and sentenced to 20 and 22 years in prison
1846:
Some evidence suggested that the public generally supported policies proposed by the Conservative Party when they were not told which party had proposed them, indicating that the party still had an image problem. Conservative John Major's 30% lead in 1992 amongst the sought after
1100:. This quickly led to his promotion and Howard became Minister for Local Government in 1987. Under the premiership of John Major, he served as Secretary of State for Employment (1990–1992), Secretary of State for the Environment (1992–1993) and Home Secretary (1993–1997).
1608:
responded: "Oh come on, Jeremy, are you really going back over that again? As it happens, I didn't. Are you satisfied now?" Secret Home Office papers partially vindicated Howard, but show that Howard asked a top civil servant if he had the power to overrule Lewis.
2104:
Argent on water barry wavy Azure and Argent in base an ancient ship rigged Gules the sails furled and statant on the fore and aft castles two figures of men respectant Proper habited Azure and each blowing a trumpet Or on a chief Azure a lion passant guardant
2041:"will show the same resolve in standing by the people of Gibraltar" as Margaret Thatcher had done in the South Atlantic. Leading figures from the other parties rejected this viewpoint. A spokesman for Number 10 said such a conflict "isn't going to happen".
1126:, the Conservatives gained 33 new seats in Parliament, including five from the Liberal Democrats; but this still gave them only 198 seats to Labour's 355. Following the election, Howard resigned as Leader of the Conservative Party and was succeeded by
1882:
The reforms to the party's election process took several months and Howard remained in his position for six months following the election. During that period, he enjoyed a fairly pressure-free time, often making joking comparisons between himself and
1342:
in 1964 and specialised in employment and planning law. He continued his career at the Bar, becoming a practising Queen's Counsel in 1982 (unlike some barrister-MPs who were awarded the title as an honorific despite no longer practising at the Bar).
1647:
ran on the same ticket, with Howard as leader and Hague as Deputy Leader and Party Chairman. The day after they agreed this, Hague decided to run on his own. Howard also stood but his campaign was marred by attacks on his record as Home Secretary.
1718:
in 2003 came to public attention, in which he claimed that "a Catholic EU will inevitably result in the subjugation of Britain's Protestant ethos to Roman Catholic social, political and religious teaching". Most prominently, incumbent MP and
1516:
for the killing of police officers on duty and for murders carried out with firearms in 1983 and 1990. In 1993, he changed his mind and became opposed to the reintroduction of the death penalty and voted against it again in February 1994.
4005:
1870:
Despite his impending resignation following the 2005 general election, Howard performed a substantial reshuffle of the party's front bench in which several rising star MPs were given their first shadow portfolios, including
3888:
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after she joked about 23 Chinese migrants' deaths. In the lead up to the 2005 election campaign, Howard continued to impose strong party discipline, controversially forcing the deselection of at least four candidates.
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campaign. His work in the campaign led to his appointment as Secretary of State for the Environment in the reshuffle following the election. In this capacity he encouraged the United States to participate in the
1790:
team spoke only to people who held opinions against either Michael Howard or the Conservatives and that Paxman's style was bullying and unnecessarily aggressive. In this programme, Paxman also returned to
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1554:, criticised Howard's intervention, describing the increased tariff as "institutionalised vengeance ... a politician playing to the gallery". The increased minimum term was overturned in 1997 by the
1681:
As leader, he faced much less discontent within the party than any of his three predecessors and was seen as a steady hand. He avoided repeating such managerial missteps as Duncan Smith's firing of
6892:
1887:, both of whom had declared they would not stand at the next general election. He also oversaw Blair's first parliamentary defeat, when the Conservative Party, the Liberal Democrats and sufficient
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1976:, via the House of Lords as part of David Cameron's appeal to rightwing Tories. However, it did not happen, Howard having criticised the government's proposal for a 'rehabilitation revolution'.
1746:
was right because "the prize of a stable Iraq was worth striving for". However, Howard's criticism of Blair was not received favourably in Washington, D.C., where President of the United States
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and alleged that Howard had regularly interfered with the service's operations, citing an instance in which Howard put "extreme and unjustified pressure" on him to suspend the governor of
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1843:. Others noted that the continued media coverage of such issues created most of the controversy and that Howard merely defended his views when questioned at unrelated policy launches.
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1879:. This move cleared the way for David Cameron (who had worked for Howard as a Special Advisor when the latter was Home Secretary) to run for the Conservative Party leadership.
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after he said that the Conservatives "plan to introduce a period of creative destruction in the public services". He was later selected and elected as the Conservative MP for
1451:
Howard guided the 1988 Local Government Finance Act through the House of Commons. The act brought in Margaret Thatcher's new system of local taxation, officially known as the
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1285:. She was a cousin of the Landy family who had helped Bernat Hecht come to Britain. Both of Howard's parents were from Jewish families. Howard's grandmother was murdered at
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1350:, becoming Chairman in April 1970. At the Conservative Party conference in October 1970, he made a notable speech commending the government for attempting to curb
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At the 2005 general election, Howard's Conservative Party suffered a third consecutive defeat, although the Conservatives gained 33 seats (including five from the
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power and also called for state aid to strikers' families to be reduced or stopped altogether, a policy which the Thatcher government pursued over a decade later.
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On 19 June 2006 it was reported that Howard would become chairman of Diligence Europe, a private intelligence and risk assessment company founded by former
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1858:, who had run similar tactics in Australian elections earlier. Crosby was later re-hired by the Conservative Party to run their successful campaign in the
1727:
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Howard's reputation was damaged on 13 May 1997 when a critical inquiry into a series of prison escapes was published. Howard denied responsibility for the
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Howard repeatedly clashed with judges and prison reformers as he sought to clamp down on crime through a series of 'tough' measures, such as reducing the
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Howard was born Michael Hecht in Gorseinon, Swansea, son of Bernat Hecht (died 1966), who was born in Romania and came to Britain in 1939, and Hilda (
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meeting that suggested that the Conservatives would make much greater spending cuts than they promised in their manifesto, if they won the election.
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Howard described the election as "the beginning of a recovery" for the Conservative Party following Labour's landslide victories in 1997 and 2001.
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in 1985 with responsibility for regulating the financial dealings of the City of London. This junior post became very important, as he oversaw the
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During the 2005 general election campaign, Howard was criticised by some commentators for conducting a campaign which addressed the issues of
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in England and Wales, Howard was promoted to the Cabinet as Secretary of State for Employment in January 1990 following the resignation of
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On 23 October 2006, Howard said that he had voluntarily been questioned as a potential witness as part of the investigation into the
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In February 2011 there was increased speculation that Cameron would reshuffle his cabinet, with Lord Howard brought in to replace
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to resume flights to Pakistan in 2003, this was until their final departure in 2008 the only European airline serving the nation.
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in Rio de Janeiro, but shortly afterwards he was appointed Home Secretary in a 1993 reshuffle precipitated by the sacking of
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He was one of a cluster of Conservative students at Cambridge University around this time, sometimes referred to as the "
1304:. He joined the Young Conservatives at age 15. He gained a place at Peterhouse, Cambridge, where he was President of the
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as Conservative Party Chairman and imposed discipline quickly and firmly: for example, he removed the party whip from
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2064:. On 14 December 2016, the SFO closed its investigation of Soma, citing insufficient evidence of corruption.
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was triggered for the United Kingdom to leave the European Union, Howard was interviewed on 2 April 2017 by
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3881:"Downing Street defends ex-Tory leader Michael Howard's claim UK would go to war with Spain over Gibraltar"
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1564:, and therefore "unlawful", for the Home Secretary to decide on minimum sentences for young offenders. The
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government proposals to extend to 90 days the period that terror suspects could be held for without charge
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Howard is a keen supporter of the hospice movement and was chairman of Hospice UK from 2010 until 2018.
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situation of Gibraltar's disputed sovereignty with Spain with the resolution of a similar issue by the
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Howard announced on 17 March 2006 that he would stand down as MP for Folkestone and Hythe at the
1479:
He retained his Cabinet post under John Major and campaigned against trade union power during the
1448:(prohibiting local governments from the "promotion" of homosexuality) and defended its inclusion.
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from November 2003 to December 2005. He previously held cabinet positions in the governments of
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A demi dragon Gules holding between the claws an ancient ship rigged Or the sails furled Proper.
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The day after the election, Howard stated in a speech in the newly gained Conservative seat in
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reportedly told Howard, "you can forget about meeting the president. Don't bother coming."
1115:(2001–2003). In November 2003, following the Conservative Party's vote of no confidence in
32:
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1710:–Oulds after he was photographed with a number of firearms and dubbed a "Tory gun nut" by
8:
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In June 1982, Howard was selected to contest the constituency of Folkestone and Hythe in
1398:
1319:", many of whom held high government office under Margaret Thatcher and John Major (see:
1021:
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The campaign focus on immigration may have been influenced by Howard's election adviser
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3938:"Report Raises Questions Over Somali Dealings of Firm Headed by U.K.'s Michael Howard"
1674:, Howard was recalled to frontline politics when the Conservative Party's new leader,
1281:), who had lived in Wales from the age of six months where her father was a draper in
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3850:"Brexit could turn Gibraltar in to the next Falklands, senior Conservatives suggest"
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8093:
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7948:
7938:
7898:
7868:
7558:
7513:
7508:
7493:
7241:
6137:
5310:
5042:
4765:
4351:
4202:
2733:
2261:
2158:
1848:
1594:
1505:
1452:
1000:
586:
339:
4642:
2752:
2301:
1895:. Howard stood down as Leader in December 2005 and was replaced by David Cameron.
1440:, he became Minister for Local Government. Following a proposal from backbench MP
9682:
9612:
9577:
9414:
9409:
9301:
9176:
8720:
8635:
8625:
8615:
8424:
8192:
7983:
7693:
7503:
7463:
7371:
7341:
7221:
7191:
7126:
7001:
6786:
6756:
6716:
6526:
6287:
5276:
5271:
5231:
5022:
4750:
4283:
4074:
2578:
2339:
2170:
1973:
1768:
1316:
1305:
1199:
1107:, he unsuccessfully contested the leadership, and subsequently held the posts of
702:
3910:
2837:
1536:, ordered that the two boys should serve a minimum of ten years. The editors of
9765:
9712:
9707:
9692:
9662:
9657:
9652:
9494:
9479:
9444:
9296:
9271:
9241:
9226:
9166:
9156:
8810:
8785:
8775:
8680:
8670:
8660:
8640:
8577:
8567:
8552:
8429:
8341:
8326:
8301:
8217:
8166:
8108:
8053:
8048:
8033:
7733:
7612:
7607:
7468:
7361:
7121:
7046:
6521:
5724:
5445:
5362:
5353:
5281:
5206:
5201:
4987:
4843:
4314:
4246:
4239:
4170:
4142:
2737:
2000:
1992:
1958:
1908:
1872:
1747:
1653:
1616:
1582:
1555:
1508:
of defendants in their police interviews and at their trials as part of 1994's
1441:
1413:
1402:
1324:
1135:
1062:
864:
852:
758:
540:
462:
408:
215:
180:
4534:
4102:
2722:
1627:
9780:
9760:
9727:
9697:
9592:
9499:
9489:
9474:
9374:
9364:
9306:
9266:
9251:
9211:
9171:
9144:
8790:
8770:
8755:
8705:
8690:
8605:
8595:
8590:
8356:
8316:
8276:
8113:
7973:
7888:
7838:
7828:
7431:
7396:
7391:
7236:
7141:
7101:
7031:
6796:
6790:
6533:
6167:
5600:
5576:
5540:
5394:
5371:
5348:
5305:
5266:
5241:
5092:
5082:
5067:
4427:
4395:
4368:
4306:
4185:
3911:"By-election defeats: Ex-leader Michael Howard calls for Boris Johnson to go"
3683:
3238:
3173:
2045:
2034:
1962:
1876:
1855:
1836:
1759:
1723:
1686:
1644:
1604:
1513:
1489:
1461:
1332:
1127:
801:
725:
626:
598:
504:
327:
173:
131:
3108:
2805:
2775:"James Bulger killing: the case history of Jon Venables and Robert Thompson"
2723:"Bulger, James Patrick (1990–1993), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography"
1957:
in the County of Kent. On 20 July 2010, he was formally introduced into the
1741:
to resign over the Iraq War, for failing to ask "basic questions" regarding
1706:. Robert Oulds and Adrian Hilton were successively sacked as candidates for
9750:
9737:
9732:
9717:
9632:
9439:
9404:
9369:
9291:
9281:
9246:
9236:
9216:
9201:
9191:
9186:
9078:
8795:
8730:
8725:
8710:
8700:
8331:
8232:
8098:
8068:
8063:
8018:
8013:
7908:
7518:
7498:
7483:
7473:
7441:
7421:
7406:
7246:
7196:
7151:
7146:
7131:
7116:
7041:
7021:
6736:
6549:
6544:
5484:
5440:
5329:
5315:
5256:
5187:
5052:
5037:
4780:
4745:
2779:
2610:
2530:
2468:
2402:
2194:
1933:
1691:
1485:
1339:
95:
6750:
1597:(threatening to overrule him if he did not). In a television interview on
1335:
to speak to the CUCA. He had rejoined the Conservatives by the next year.
9647:
9622:
9524:
9509:
9469:
9434:
9429:
9221:
9206:
9196:
8800:
8780:
8454:
8444:
8434:
8306:
8247:
8202:
8088:
8083:
8073:
8003:
7998:
7993:
7978:
7808:
7713:
7698:
7386:
7206:
7171:
7076:
7071:
7016:
6766:
6760:
6746:
6726:
5624:
5588:
5291:
5236:
5102:
5087:
4922:
4341:
4229:
2038:
2022:
1832:
1560:
1465:
1374:
1357:
In the 1970s, Howard was a leading advocate of British membership of the
1351:
1297:
959:
650:
516:
281:
2165:
9672:
9667:
9519:
9459:
9454:
9384:
9161:
8750:
8745:
8078:
8043:
7963:
7457:
7166:
6696:
6668:
6657:
6508:
5919:
5518:
5399:
5389:
5384:
5375:
5366:
5357:
5182:
5062:
4324:
4266:
4256:
4120:
3819:"Theresa May would go to war to protect Gibraltar, Michael Howard says"
2521:
2018:
1884:
1738:
1445:
1416:, decided to retire. Howard won the seat at the 1983 general election.
1050:
987:
736:
690:
678:
638:
315:
257:
227:
203:
107:
1979:
9742:
9627:
8582:
8321:
7201:
7186:
6928:
6252:
5612:
5097:
5017:
4992:
1942:
1781:
1751:
1599:
1347:
1286:
919:
812:
9347:
1468:, and campaigned vigorously for Thatcher in the first ballot of the
9722:
9484:
9286:
8397:
6953:
6923:
6132:
5296:
3599:
2810:
2660:"Howard is right: 'prison works' – but this is no way to cut crime"
2306:
2026:
1282:
4044:
3968:"Serious Fraud Office Closes Corruption Investigation of Soma Oil"
3711:"Kenneth Clarke offers hope to Tory critics of human rights court"
3569:"Diligence announces addition of Michael Howard to Advisory Board"
9565:
6933:
4473:
4051:
1130:. Howard did not contest his seat of Folkestone and Hythe in the
1073:
1069:
923:
7296:
6495:
4124:
2367:"How Bernat Hecht, father of the Home Secretary, sought asylum"
2030:
1954:
1377:. They have a son, born in 1976, and a daughter, born in 1977.
1309:
1308:
in 1962. After taking a 2:1 in the first part of the economics
1139:
4081:
Guardian Unlimited Politics – Ask Aristotle: Michael Howard MP
2947:"Secret Home Office papers on prison row fail to clear Howard"
2254:"Howard of Lympne, Baron, (Michael Howard) (born 7 July 1941)"
1799:
on Jeremy Paxman's final episode on 18 June 2014 for a cameo.
1198:
from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially
3935:
1840:
1077:
1464:. He subsequently guided through legislation abolishing the
3998:"Hospice UK Chair set to retire from board later this year"
3477:"Lynton Crosby globetrotting, spreading dirty dog whistles"
1409:
1103:
Following the Conservative Party's landslide defeat at the
8172:
Secretaries of State for Environment of the United Kingdom
2496:"Michael Howard recalls father's death from breast cancer"
1622:
In 1996 Howard, as Home Secretary, ordered the release of
9146:
Shadow Chancellors of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom
5636:
2051:
1919:
1915:
6597:
2302:"No Brexit unless we back Theresa May, Jeremy Hunt says"
1851:
voters (professionals) had all but disappeared by 2005.
1634:
1737:
In February 2004, Howard called on then-Prime Minister
1585:'s operations and laid the blame with Director General
1312:, he switched to law and graduated with a 2:2 in 1962.
1092:
in 1982. He first became a Member of Parliament at the
9832:
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
2690:"DEATH PENALTY FOR MURDER (Hansard, 17 December 1990)"
1786:
the Conservative Party. The complaint argued that the
1436:
introduction of new technology in 1986. Following the
1331:
in 1961 in protest against the former's invitation to
1142:, he was supportive of the Eurosceptic pressure group
3162:"Catholic church condemns Tory 'conspiracy theorist'"
2142:
1757:
Howard was named 2003 Parliamentarian of the Year by
1346:
In the late 1960s Howard gained promotion within the
6349:
European Conservatives Group and Democratic Alliance
5867:
Organisations associated with the Conservative Party
3742:"Tory MPs press David Cameron for cabinet reshuffle"
2769:
2767:
1965:, and attended Questions and debate later that day.
1528:, with a recommended a minimum term of eight years.
4672:
3631:
3466:. Progressives.org.uk. Retrieved on 15 August 2013.
2138:
Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet (United Kingdom)
1543:2008, by which time they would be 25 years of age.
9872:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
2889:Webster, Philip; Ford, Richard (19 October 1995).
2721:
2430:
1119:, Howard was elected to the leadership unopposed.
6038:Conservative National Property Advisory Committee
2891:"Howard ready to come out fighting as Lewis sues"
2764:
2037:in 1982. Howard said he was "absolutely certain"
1968:In 2010, David Cameron wanted Howard to join his
1589:, who was sacked. Lewis sued the Home Office for
1088:. In 1964, he was called to the Bar and became a
9877:People educated at Llanelli Boys' Grammar School
9867:Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour
9817:British Secretaries of State for the Environment
9778:
9349:Shadow Foreign Secretaries of the United Kingdom
3936:Justin Scheck and Jenny Gross (25 August 2015).
3458:"News and debate from the progressive community"
8399:Leaders of the Opposition of the United Kingdom
3688:"Top 100 most influential Right-wingers: 75-51"
3160:Tempest, Matthew; Happold, Tom (4 March 2005).
3039:"'Mission accomplished': how Howard was knifed"
2719:
2060:, which Howard chairs, was investigated by the
2008:Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour
1985:Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour
1907:. On 13 July 2006 the Conservatives selected
1444:, he accepted the amendment which would become
1037:; 7 July 1941) is a British politician who was
3433:"Howard stirs race row with attack on Gypsies"
3159:
2975:
1774:
9567:Shadow Home Secretaries of the United Kingdom
9551:
9333:
9130:
8383:
8149:
7590:
7312:
6969:
6583:
6481:
4658:
4489:
4057:contributions in Parliament by Michael Howard
3193:
2838:"Outrage at call for Bulger killers' release"
2800:
2798:
2633:"BBC News | Vote 2001 | Candidates"
2123:On a billet Azure three trees Or leaved Vert.
1826:
1656:in 1999, though continued as a backbench MP.
1512:. Howard voted for the reintroduction of the
1321:Cambridge University Conservative Association
9897:Secretaries of State for the Home Department
5848:
2732:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
566:18 September 2001 – 6 November 2003
9812:British Secretaries of State for Employment
6498:1997 Conservative Party leadership election
6392:European Conservatives and Reformists Group
6332:European Conservatives and Reformists Party
6048:Conservative Science & Technology Forum
3681:
2976:Sengupta, Kim; Abrams, Fran (12 May 1997).
2888:
2830:
2657:
2332:
1659:
1393:, Howard unsuccessfully contested the safe
1361:and served on the board of the cross-party
19:For other people named Michael Howard, see
9847:Leaders of the Opposition (United Kingdom)
9558:
9544:
9340:
9326:
9137:
9123:
8390:
8376:
8156:
8142:
7597:
7583:
7319:
7305:
6976:
6962:
6590:
6576:
6488:
6474:
6073:Conservative Workers & Trade Unionists
4665:
4651:
4627:Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994
4496:
4482:
4436:Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom
4298:Shadow Constitutional Affairs Spokesperson
2795:
2086:
1191:about living persons that is unsourced or
710:Shadow Constitutional Affairs Spokesperson
151:6 November 2003 – 6 December 2005
87:6 November 2003 – 6 December 2005
58:
9797:British people of Romanian-Jewish descent
8267:Secretaries of State for the Environment,
5788:Directly elected city mayoral authorities
3008:"Ann Widdecombe 'tested out' Howard quip"
2647:FactCheck: Spoof Howard Cv needs policing
1721:Deputy Chairman of the Conservative Party
1670:Following the Conservative defeat at the
1262:Learn how and when to remove this message
9802:British people of Russian-Jewish descent
5469:
4726:History of conservatism in Great Britain
3792:"The Queen's Birthday Honours List 2011"
3770:
3708:
3617:
2556:
2514:
2432:"'Gas chambers' row over Tory gipsy law"
1978:
1932:
1911:to stand in his place at that election.
1802:
1714:; and Hilton after a piece he wrote for
1424:Howard gained quick promotion, becoming
5426:Deputy Leader of the Conservative Party
3816:
3780:(Supplement). 11 June 2011. p. 26.
3430:
3404:
3224:
3075:
2729:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2715:
2713:
2711:
2461:
2395:
1970:Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition
1412:after the sitting Conservative MP, Sir
1380:
301:3 January 1990 – 11 April 1992
9842:Leaders of the Conservative Party (UK)
9779:
7613:Home Secretaries of the United Kingdom
6093:Conservatives for International Travel
5945:Conservative Animal Welfare Foundation
4220:Secretary of State for the Environment
3721:from the original on 27 September 2016
3709:Stratton, Allegra (20 February 2011).
3537:"Former Tory leader to head risk firm"
2944:
2926:from the original on 12 September 2009
2865:"Prison drama ends in political farce"
2783:. London. 3 March 2010. Archived from
2576:
2538:from the original on 19 September 2020
2052:Criticism of Somali business interests
1426:Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State
1059:Secretary of State for the Environment
1018:Michael Howard, Baron Howard of Lympne
470:Minister of State for Local Government
374:25 July 1989 – 3 January 1990
235:Secretary of State for the Environment
9539:
9321:
9118:
8371:
8287:Secretaries of State for Environment,
8137:
7578:
7300:
6957:
6571:
6469:
6309:
6241:
6068:Conservative Women National Committee
5847:
5655:
5468:
4831:
4686:
4646:
4477:
3878:
3196:"The brutal world of Spin Doctor Who"
3109:"How a home secretary was hoodwinked"
3049:from the original on 6 September 2017
3036:
2916:"Newsnight – Jeremy Paxman biography"
2862:
2844:from the original on 22 December 2015
2696:from the original on 24 February 2019
2520:
2476:from the original on 24 February 2013
2428:
2410:from the original on 24 February 2013
1635:First attempt to win party leadership
1510:Criminal Justice and Public Order Act
1470:1990 Conservative leadership election
1401:, reinforcing his strong support for
1275:
416:Minister of State for the Environment
8180:Secretaries of State for Environment
6983:
6599:2005 United Kingdom general election
4086:They Work For You: Michael Howard MP
4064:official profile of the Party Leader
3978:from the original on 16 January 2017
3847:
3739:
3639:"Peerages, honours and appointments"
3517:from the original on 8 November 2021
3405:Tempest, Matthew (24 January 2005).
3018:from the original on 8 November 2021
2708:
2651:
2443:from the original on 12 January 2022
2335:"Michael Howard: Out of the shadows"
2314:from the original on 4 December 2020
2248:
2246:
1941:Howard was appointed a Conservative
1750:refused to meet him. Bush's advisor
1338:Howard was called to the Bar at the
1153:
1138:as Baron Howard of Lympne. Prior to
1072:to a Jewish family, his father from
842:9 June 1983 – 12 April 2010
618:11 June 1997 – 15 June 1999
482:13 June 1987 – 25 July 1988
428:25 July 1988 – 25 July 1989
247:11 April 1992 – 27 May 1993
6945:2005 United Kingdom local elections
6310:
5980:Conservative Friends of the Chinese
5684:Treasurer of the Conservative Party
5656:
4091:The Public Whip – Michael Howard MP
3948:from the original on 2 January 2016
3356:from the original on 30 August 2018
3330:from the original on 29 August 2004
3106:
3088:from the original on 4 January 2017
2464:"From Transylvania to Smith Square"
2462:Vasagar, Jeevan (1 November 2003).
2398:"From Transylvania to Smith Square"
2396:Vasagar, Jeevan (1 November 2003).
2347:from the original on 31 August 2011
2266:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u20909
2014:for public and political services.
1767:Howard was part of discussions for
1558:, which ruled it was substantively
1405:which he has held since childhood.
1096:, representing the constituency of
13:
9827:Life peers created by Elizabeth II
9822:Conservative Party (UK) life peers
6771:Social Democratic and Labour Party
6416:Ulster Conservatives and Unionists
5955:Conservative Co-operative Movement
5679:Conservative Campaign Headquarters
4533:
4503:
4359:Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer
4062:Conservative Party: Michael Howard
3641:. 10 Downing Street. 28 May 2010.
3571:. Diligencellc.com. Archived from
3507:"Michael Howard stands down as MP"
3376:"Howard will stand down as leader"
3260:"Howard calls for Blair to resign"
3139:"Tory candidate quits over remark"
3119:from the original on 17 April 2022
2863:Mills, Heather (20 October 1995).
2229:: 7 October 2005 - 6 December 2005
1792:
1113:Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer
722:2 May 1997 – 11 June 1997
670:2 May 1997 – 11 June 1997
554:Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer
14:
9958:
9892:Presidents of the Cambridge Union
7326:
6083:Conservatives Against Fox Hunting
6013:Conservative Humanist Association
5998:Conservative Friends of Palestine
5984:Conservative Friends of Gibraltar
5950:Conservative Christian Fellowship
5904:Association of Conservative Clubs
5884:Conservative Women's Organisation
4721:History of the Conservative Party
4193:Secretary of State for Employment
4038:
4008:from the original on 8 March 2021
3891:from the original on 3 April 2017
3860:from the original on 2 April 2017
3829:from the original on 2 April 2017
3817:Asthana, Anushka (2 April 2017).
3752:from the original on 3 April 2017
3603:. 23 October 2006. Archived from
3595:"Howard quizzed in honours probe"
3487:from the original on 22 June 2005
3300:from the original on 26 July 2004
3206:from the original on 5 March 2016
2988:from the original on 3 April 2017
2978:"Widdecombe goes for the jugular"
2957:from the original on 4 April 2017
2818:from the original on 30 July 2004
2806:"New sentencing rules: Key cases"
2720:Davenport-Hines, Richard (2004).
2566:. 13 February 1948. p. 1048.
2282:from the original on 12 June 2021
2243:
1495:
1327:, Howard briefly defected to the
1055:Secretary of State for Employment
289:Secretary of State for Employment
193:27 May 1993 – 2 May 1997
8256:
8165:
8122:
7606:
7537:
7285:
6450:
6440:
6043:Conservative Rural Affairs Group
5827:Conservative Party Review (2016)
5730:Conservative Chief Whip's Office
5709:National Conservative Convention
5693:Conservative Research Department
4418:Leader of the Conservative Party
4134:Parliament of the United Kingdom
3798:from the original on 9 June 2012
3665:"House of Lords Future Business"
3645:from the original on 1 June 2010
3386:from the original on 16 May 2009
3270:from the original on 9 July 2004
3037:Crick, Michael (30 March 2005).
2670:from the original on 9 July 2015
2605:"Notable Members | Inner Temple"
2580:Kind of Blue: A Political Memoir
2200:
2188:
2176:
2164:
2152:
1666:Shadow Cabinet of Michael Howard
1576:
1430:Department of Trade and Industry
1419:
1158:
1084:, following which he joined the
1039:Leader of the Conservative Party
139:Leader of the Conservative Party
9792:Alumni of Peterhouse, Cambridge
6293:Society of Conservative Lawyers
6242:
5975:Conservative Friends of America
4675:Conservative and Unionist Party
4445:The Lord Stevenson of Balmacara
4020:
3990:
3972:WSJ Risk and Compliance Journal
3960:
3929:
3903:
3872:
3841:
3810:
3784:
3764:
3740:Helm, Toby (19 February 2011).
3733:
3702:
3675:
3657:
3611:
3587:
3561:
3529:
3499:
3469:
3450:
3431:McSmith, Andy (20 March 2005).
3424:
3398:
3368:
3342:
3320:"Howard hits out at Bush aides"
3312:
3282:
3252:
3218:
3194:Peter Preston (28 March 2005).
3187:
3153:
3131:
3100:
3069:
3030:
3000:
2969:
2938:
2908:
2882:
2856:
2682:
2658:Alan Travis (7 December 2010).
2639:
2625:
2597:
2570:
2550:
2502:from the original on 3 May 2022
2429:Jones, George (22 March 2005).
2377:from the original on 3 May 2022
2333:O'Grady, Sean (13 April 2002).
2081:Coat of arms of Michael Howard
2067:
2044:In June 2022, Howard called on
1823:Democrats saw their vote fall.
1300:exam in 1952 and then attended
968:
21:Michael Howard (disambiguation)
6893:Labour and Labour Co-operative
6033:Conservative Education Society
6003:Conservative Friends of Turkey
5993:Conservative Friends of Israel
5960:Conservative Countryside Forum
5764:Northern Ireland Conservatives
4832:
3627:. 19 July 2010. p. 13713.
3545:. 19 June 2006. Archived from
2577:Clarke, Ken (6 October 2016).
2488:
2455:
2422:
2389:
2359:
2326:
2294:
2220:
1997:Secretary of State for Justice
1865:
1570:European Court of Human Rights
16:British politician (born 1941)
1:
6379:European People's Party Group
5988:Conservative Friends of India
5965:Conservative Disability Group
5748:Conservative Party Conference
4068:ePolitix.com – Michael Howard
3807:Cabinet Office, 11 June 2011.
3407:"Howard calls for asylum cap"
3225:Happold, Tom (6 April 2005).
3076:Holland, David (3 May 2011).
2945:Travis, Alan (2 March 2005).
2583:. Pan Macmillan. p. 26.
2498:. Itv.com. 25 February 2018.
2236:
2117:Melior Conatus Quam Spectatio
2048:to resign as Prime Minister.
1987:, which Howard became in 2011
1898:
1795:. Howard returned briefly to
1302:Llanelli Boys' Grammar School
1149:
362:Minister of State for Housing
6404:Movement for European Reform
6338:International Democrat Union
6123:Margaret Thatcher Foundation
6058:Conservative Transport Group
6053:Conservative Trade Unionists
3542:International Herald Tribune
2753:UK public library membership
2111:On either side a pike Azure.
1860:2008 London mayoral election
1169:biography of a living person
793:Member of the House of Lords
7:
9862:Members of the Inner Temple
6410:Alliance for an Open Europe
6386:European Conservative Group
5970:Conservative European Forum
4776:General election manifestos
4687:
4104:Michael Howard on Newsnight
3879:Watts, Joe (3 April 2017).
3350:"BA flies back to Pakistan"
3227:"Flight gives up the fight"
3064:In search of Michael Howard
2258:Who's Who & Who Was Who
2131:
1775:Further Newsnight treatment
1368:
1196:must be removed immediately
1006:Inns of Court School of Law
351:Junior ministerial offices
10:
9963:
9947:20th-century Welsh lawyers
9837:Jewish British politicians
6667:Appointed prime minister:
6369:Conservative–DUP agreement
6008:Conservative History Group
5935:Blue Collar Conservativism
4705:Conservative Party Archive
3848:Peck, Tom (2 April 2017).
3078:"Interview with a Vampire"
3062:Extract from Crick's book
1827:Criticism of 2005 campaign
1663:
1643:of John Major, Howard and
18:
9573:
9355:
9152:
9049:Alexander of Hillsborough
9034:5th Marquess of Salisbury
9004:4th Marquess of Salisbury
8979:5th Marquess of Lansdowne
8954:3rd Marquess of Salisbury
8939:3rd Marquess of Salisbury
8929:3rd Marquess of Salisbury
8874:3rd Marquess of Lansdowne
8864:3rd Marquess of Lansdowne
8839:3rd Marquess of Lansdowne
8829:3rd Marquess of Lansdowne
8809:
8405:
8285:
8269:Transport and the Regions
8265:
8254:
8178:
8120:
7619:
7546:
7535:
7334:
7283:
6991:
6942:
6916:
6870:
6810:
6731:Democratic Unionist Party
6682:
6648:
6605:
6558:
6517:
6505:
6457:United Kingdom portal
6437:
6357:
6327:List of current alliances
6320:
6316:
6305:
6273:Centre for Social Justice
6268:Centre for Policy Studies
6248:
6237:
6196:
6183:Young Britons' Foundation
6028:Conservative Muslim Forum
5912:
5876:
5858:
5854:
5843:
5819:
5811:Conservative Associations
5803:
5787:
5756:
5740:
5717:
5701:
5666:
5662:
5651:
5475:
5464:
5418:
5111:
5006:
4909:
4842:
4838:
4827:
4791:Irish Conservative Party
4761:Unionist Free Food League
4713:
4697:
4693:
4682:
4619:
4603:
4582:
4561:
4545:
4530:
4511:
4462:
4449:
4441:
4434:
4424:
4415:
4407:
4402:
4392:
4383:
4375:
4365:
4356:
4348:
4338:
4329:
4321:
4311:
4295:
4290:
4280:
4271:
4263:
4253:
4244:
4236:
4226:
4217:
4209:
4199:
4190:
4182:
4177:
4167:
4147:
4139:
4132:
4115:Debrett's People of Today
4097:BBC News – Michael Howard
3290:"At-a-glance Iraq debate"
1526:at Her Majesty's pleasure
1011:
986:
978:
953:
940:
930:
899:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
858:
846:
835:
823:
809:
798:
791:
787:
780:
776:
772:
768:
752:
742:
732:
715:
708:
696:
684:
674:
663:
656:
644:
632:
622:
611:
604:
592:
580:
570:
559:
552:
548:
538:
534:
530:
526:
510:
498:
486:
475:
468:
456:
444:
432:
421:
414:
402:
390:
378:
367:
360:
356:
349:
345:
333:
321:
305:
294:
287:
275:
263:
251:
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233:
221:
209:
197:
186:
179:
167:
155:
144:
137:
125:
113:
101:
91:
80:
73:
69:
57:
37:The Lord Howard of Lympne
30:
9887:Politicians from Swansea
9857:Members of the Bow Group
6364:List of former alliances
6153:One Nation Conservatives
6063:Conservative Way Forward
5849:Associated organisations
5674:Conservative Party Board
4403:Party political offices
4386:Leader of the Opposition
4332:Shadow Foreign Secretary
3694:. London. Archived from
2840:. BBC. 28 October 1999.
2213:
2029:. He compared the post-
1947:2010 Dissolution Honours
1927:Cash-for-Honours scandal
1732:Conservative Way Forward
1660:Leader of the Opposition
1373:In 1975, Howard married
1109:Shadow Foreign Secretary
1043:Leader of the Opposition
606:Shadow Foreign Secretary
75:Leader of the Opposition
6741:Scottish National Party
6615:Marginal constituencies
6447:Conservatism portal
6375:European People's Party
6342:European Democrat Union
6148:Northern Research Group
6113:European Research Group
6018:Conservative Mainstream
5779:Gibraltar Conservatives
4801:Scottish Unionist Party
4099:profile 17 October 2002
3060:(subscription required)
2075:
2006:Howard was appointed a
1728:Arundel and South Downs
1611:Shortly after the 1997
1530:Lord Taylor of Gosforth
1520:In 1993, following the
64:Official portrait, 2023
9807:English King's Counsel
8289:Food and Rural Affairs
7547:Also attended meetings
7267:Lord Young of Graffham
6078:Conservatives 4 Cities
5769:Scottish Conservatives
4811:National Liberal Party
4786:Liberal Unionist Party
4538:
4457:Baron Howard of Lympne
2792:(London) 3 March 2010.
2738:10.1093/ref:odnb/76074
1988:
1951:Baron Howard of Lympne
1938:
1793:his question from 1997
1694:was made to resign in
1626:and Paul Bennett with
1522:murder of James Bulger
1391:1970 general elections
1183:Please help by adding
782:Parliamentary offices
9019:Ponsonby of Shulbrede
7232:Norman St John-Stevas
6801:Ulster Unionist Party
6420:Ulster Unionist Party
6173:Tory Green Initiative
6088:Conservatives at Work
4806:National Party (1917)
4537:
4274:Shadow Home Secretary
4030:. 2019. p. 3068.
2759:Subscription Required
2025:for her programme on
2012:2011 Birthday Honours
1982:
1936:
1905:2010 general election
1891:rebels voted against
1803:2005 general election
1672:2001 general election
1481:1992 general election
1438:1987 general election
1132:2010 general election
1124:2005 general election
1105:1997 general election
1094:1983 general election
1082:Peterhouse, Cambridge
993:Peterhouse, Cambridge
724:Serving with
658:Shadow Home Secretary
451:The Earl of Caithness
397:The Earl of Caithness
9882:People from Llanelli
6908:Scottish Nationalist
6610:Constituency results
6158:Popular Conservatism
6103:COVID Recovery Group
5894:Conservatives Abroad
5795:London Conservatives
5470:Leadership elections
4796:Irish Unionist Party
4771:Carlton Club meeting
4756:Tariff Reform League
4524:Folkestone and Hythe
4155:Folkestone and Hythe
4150:Member of Parliament
3974:. 15 December 2016.
3014:. 31 December 2009.
2373:. 19 November 1995.
2062:Serious Fraud Office
1730:, for a speech at a
1381:Member of Parliament
1189:Contentious material
1098:Folkestone and Hythe
1076:and his mother from
830:Folkestone and Hythe
825:Member of Parliament
748:Position established
33:The Right Honourable
8989:Curzon of Kedleston
6898:Labour Co-operative
6883:Democratic Unionist
6278:European Foundation
6163:Renewing One Nation
6108:European Foundation
6023:Conservative Health
5930:The Atlantic Bridge
5899:LGBT+ Conservatives
5889:Young Conservatives
5774:Welsh Conservatives
5608:July–September 2022
5508:Thatcher re-elected
4073:25 May 2005 at the
3942:Wall Street Journal
3692:The Daily Telegraph
3607:on 7 November 2006.
3462:progressives.org.uk
3352:. 2 December 2003.
3266:. 5 February 2004.
2922:. 10 October 2006.
2526:"What's in a name?"
2524:(2 November 2003).
2437:The Daily Telegraph
2310:. 3 December 2017.
2082:
1548:Master of the Rolls
1458:water privatisation
1399:Liverpool Edge Hill
1359:Common Market (EEC)
1086:Young Conservatives
1068:Howard was born in
9094:Royall of Blaisdon
9074:Cledwyn of Penrhos
8563:Campbell-Bannerman
7524:William Waldegrave
7367:Viscount Cranborne
7352:Virginia Bottomley
7252:William Waldegrave
6683:Parties elected to
6398:European Democrats
5940:Common Sense Group
4741:Tamworth Manifesto
4632:Soma Oil & Gas
4604:European elections
4539:
4304:Served alongside:
4178:Political offices
3777:The London Gazette
3698:on 6 October 2010.
3686:(4 October 2010).
3624:The London Gazette
3549:on 2 December 2008
3326:. 28 August 2004.
2563:The London Gazette
2080:
2058:Soma Oil & Gas
1989:
1961:by past colleague
1949:with the title of
1939:
1779:In November 2004,
1726:was deselected in
1591:wrongful dismissal
1534:Lord Chief Justice
1296:Howard passed his
1167:This section of a
9942:Welsh politicians
9774:
9773:
9533:
9532:
9315:
9314:
9112:
9111:
9099:Smith of Basildon
8365:
8364:
8131:
8130:
7779:Sotheron-Estcourt
7572:
7571:
7402:Michael Heseltine
7294:
7293:
7102:Sir Geoffrey Howe
7092:Michael Heseltine
6995:Margaret Thatcher
6951:
6950:
6721:Liberal Democrats
6690:and their leaders
6640:Results breakdown
6565:
6564:
6507:Outgoing Leader:
6463:
6462:
6433:
6432:
6429:
6428:
6301:
6300:
6233:
6232:
6229:
6228:
6178:Tory Reform Group
6098:Cornerstone Group
5839:
5838:
5835:
5834:
5647:
5646:
5460:
5459:
5456:
5455:
4943:
4823:
4822:
4819:
4818:
4731:Electoral history
4640:
4639:
4472:
4471:
4425:Succeeded by
4411:Iain Duncan Smith
4393:Succeeded by
4379:Iain Duncan Smith
4366:Succeeded by
4339:Succeeded by
4312:Succeeded by
4281:Succeeded by
4254:Succeeded by
4227:Succeeded by
4213:Michael Heseltine
4200:Succeeded by
4168:Succeeded by
4045:Michael Howard MP
4028:Debrett's Peerage
3513:. 17 March 2006.
3483:. 18 April 2005.
2751:(Subscription or
2590:978-1-5098-3724-3
2275:978-0-19-954088-4
2129:
2128:
2017:A few days after
1809:Liberal Democrats
1676:Iain Duncan Smith
1474:Michael Heseltine
1363:Britain in Europe
1272:
1271:
1264:
1246:
1172:needs additional
1144:Leave Means Leave
1117:Iain Duncan Smith
1047:Margaret Thatcher
1015:
1014:
870:
869:
764:
763:
575:Iain Duncan Smith
522:
521:
493:Margaret Thatcher
439:Margaret Thatcher
385:Margaret Thatcher
312:Margaret Thatcher
270:Michael Heseltine
162:Iain Duncan Smith
120:Iain Duncan Smith
9954:
9927:UK MPs 2005–2010
9922:UK MPs 2001–2005
9917:UK MPs 1997–2001
9912:UK MPs 1992–1997
9907:UK MPs 1987–1992
9902:UK MPs 1983–1987
9747:
9560:
9553:
9546:
9537:
9536:
9342:
9335:
9328:
9319:
9318:
9139:
9132:
9125:
9116:
9115:
8651:Pethick-Lawrence
8407:House of Commons
8392:
8385:
8378:
8369:
8368:
8260:
8170:
8169:
8158:
8151:
8144:
8135:
8134:
8126:
7611:
7610:
7599:
7592:
7585:
7576:
7575:
7559:Alastair Goodlad
7541:
7509:Gillian Shephard
7494:Michael Portillo
7321:
7314:
7307:
7298:
7297:
7289:
7262:William Whitelaw
7242:David Waddington
7132:Sir Keith Joseph
7057:Nicholas Edwards
6985:Thatcher Cabinet
6978:
6971:
6964:
6955:
6954:
6903:Liberal Democrat
6828:Northern Ireland
6687:House of Commons
6592:
6585:
6578:
6569:
6568:
6511:
6499:
6490:
6483:
6476:
6467:
6466:
6455:
6454:
6453:
6445:
6444:
6443:
6318:
6317:
6307:
6306:
6239:
6238:
5913:Factional groups
5877:Sectional groups
5856:
5855:
5845:
5844:
5664:
5663:
5653:
5652:
5530:Major re-elected
5466:
5465:
5115:
5114:Chairmen (1911–)
5010:
4959:
4944:
4938:
4913:
4912:House of Commons
4846:
4840:
4839:
4829:
4828:
4766:Coalition Coupon
4695:
4694:
4684:
4683:
4676:
4667:
4660:
4653:
4644:
4643:
4546:General election
4540:
4498:
4491:
4484:
4475:
4474:
4466:The Lord Shipley
4463:Followed by
4442:Preceded by
4408:Preceded by
4376:Preceded by
4352:Michael Portillo
4349:Preceded by
4322:Preceded by
4264:Preceded by
4237:Preceded by
4210:Preceded by
4203:Gillian Shephard
4183:Preceded by
4140:Preceded by
4130:
4129:
4105:
4032:
4031:
4024:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4013:
3994:
3988:
3987:
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3808:
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3527:
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3524:
3522:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3481:Fixing Australia
3473:
3467:
3465:
3464:. 20 April 2018.
3454:
3448:
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3445:
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3396:
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3361:
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3309:
3307:
3305:
3296:. 20 July 2004.
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3128:
3126:
3124:
3107:Summers, Chris.
3104:
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2645:Channel 4 News,
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2179:
2169:
2168:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2148:
2090:
2083:
2079:
1641:1997 resignation
1595:Parkhurst Prison
1506:right to silence
1453:Community Charge
1323:). According to
1280:
1267:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1247:
1245:
1211:"Michael Howard"
1204:
1185:reliable sources
1162:
1161:
1154:
1134:and entered the
1111:(1997–1999) and
1080:. He studied at
1032:
972:
970:
917:
913:
911:
895:Personal details
861:
849:
840:
816:
778:
777:
755:
745:
720:
699:
687:
668:
647:
635:
616:
595:
587:Michael Portillo
583:
564:
536:
535:
513:
501:
489:
480:
459:
447:
435:
426:
405:
393:
381:
372:
347:
346:
340:Gillian Shephard
336:
324:
308:
299:
278:
266:
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224:
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200:
191:
170:
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28:
27:
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9776:
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9534:
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9351:
9346:
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9148:
9143:
9113:
9108:
8879:Derby (Stanley)
8805:
8401:
8396:
8366:
8361:
8288:
8281:
8268:
8261:
8252:
8174:
8164:
8162:
8132:
8127:
8118:
7615:
7605:
7603:
7573:
7568:
7542:
7533:
7514:Lord Waddington
7504:Malcolm Rifkind
7464:Brian Mawhinney
7377:Michael Forsyth
7372:Stephen Dorrell
7342:Jonathan Aitken
7335:Cabinet Members
7330:
7325:
7295:
7290:
7281:
7222:Malcolm Rifkind
7217:Nicholas Ridley
7192:Cecil Parkinson
7127:Michael Jopling
7067:Sir Ian Gilmour
7037:Lord Carrington
7002:Humphrey Atkins
6998:
6987:
6982:
6952:
6947:
6938:
6912:
6866:
6811:Results by area
6806:
6787:George Galloway
6757:Ieuan Wyn Jones
6717:Charles Kennedy
6689:
6684:
6678:
6644:
6625:Opinion polling
6601:
6596:
6566:
6561:
6554:
6527:Stephen Dorrell
6513:
6509:
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6388:
6382:
6371:
6365:
6353:
6345:
6334:
6328:
6312:
6311:Party alliances
6297:
6288:Policy Exchange
6244:
6225:
6192:
6143:No Turning Back
5908:
5872:
5850:
5831:
5815:
5799:
5783:
5752:
5736:
5713:
5697:
5658:
5657:Party structure
5643:
5471:
5452:
5414:
5113:
5107:
5009:Leaders (1922–)
5008:
5002:
4947:
4937:
4915:
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4905:
4848:
4844:
4834:
4815:
4751:Primrose League
4709:
4689:
4678:
4674:
4671:
4641:
4636:
4615:
4599:
4583:Local elections
4578:
4562:Party elections
4557:
4541:
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4468:
4455:
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4398:
4389:
4381:
4371:
4362:
4354:
4344:
4335:
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4317:
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4301:
4286:
4284:Brian Mawhinney
4277:
4269:
4259:
4250:
4242:
4232:
4223:
4215:
4205:
4196:
4188:
4173:
4158:
4152:
4145:
4103:
4075:Wayback Machine
4041:
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3885:The Independent
3877:
3873:
3863:
3861:
3854:The Independent
3846:
3842:
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3830:
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3811:
3801:
3799:
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3765:
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3671:. 20 July 2010.
3663:
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3593:
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3575:on 15 July 2007
3567:
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3437:The Independent
3429:
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3389:
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3219:
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3178:
3176:
3158:
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3142:
3141:. 15 March 2005
3137:
3136:
3132:
3122:
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3105:
3101:
3091:
3089:
3074:
3070:
3059:
3052:
3050:
3035:
3031:
3021:
3019:
3006:
3005:
3001:
2991:
2989:
2982:The Independent
2974:
2970:
2960:
2958:
2943:
2939:
2929:
2927:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2899:
2897:
2887:
2883:
2873:
2871:
2869:The Independent
2861:
2857:
2847:
2845:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2821:
2819:
2804:
2803:
2796:
2787:on 9 July 2013.
2773:
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2371:The Independent
2365:
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2340:The Independent
2331:
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2078:
2070:
2054:
2003:was appointed.
1974:Lord Chancellor
1901:
1868:
1829:
1805:
1777:
1769:British Airways
1668:
1662:
1637:
1579:
1498:
1492:as Chancellor.
1422:
1383:
1371:
1317:Cambridge Mafia
1306:Cambridge Union
1268:
1257:
1251:
1248:
1205:
1203:
1182:
1163:
1159:
1152:
1090:Queen's Counsel
1020:
1004:
974:
971: 1975)
966:
962:
942:
941:Other political
931:Political party
918:
915:
909:
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906:
905:
859:
847:
841:
836:
827:
818:
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703:Brian Mawhinney
697:
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9756:Thomas-Symonds
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8811:House of Lords
8807:
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7706:
7704:Sturges Bourne
7701:
7696:
7691:
7686:
7681:
7676:
7671:
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7526:
7521:
7516:
7511:
7506:
7501:
7496:
7491:
7486:
7481:
7476:
7471:
7469:Patrick Mayhew
7466:
7461:
7454:
7449:
7447:John MacGregor
7444:
7439:
7434:
7429:
7424:
7419:
7414:
7412:Michael Howard
7409:
7404:
7399:
7394:
7389:
7384:
7379:
7374:
7369:
7364:
7362:Kenneth Clarke
7359:
7354:
7349:
7344:
7338:
7336:
7332:
7331:
7324:
7323:
7316:
7309:
7301:
7292:
7291:
7284:
7282:
7280:
7279:
7277:George Younger
7274:
7272:Baroness Young
7269:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7189:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7159:
7157:John MacGregor
7154:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7122:Patrick Jenkin
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7097:Michael Howard
7094:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7052:Lord Cockfield
7049:
7047:Kenneth Clarke
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6992:
6989:
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6854:
6853:
6852:
6835:
6825:
6814:
6812:
6808:
6807:
6805:
6804:
6794:
6784:
6781:Health Concern
6777:Richard Taylor
6774:
6764:
6754:
6744:
6734:
6724:
6714:
6707:Michael Howard
6704:
6693:
6691:
6680:
6679:
6677:
6676:
6665:
6654:prime minister
6649:
6646:
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6637:
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6612:
6606:
6603:
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6587:
6580:
6572:
6563:
6562:
6559:
6556:
6555:
6553:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6540:Michael Howard
6537:
6530:
6524:
6522:Kenneth Clarke
6518:
6515:
6514:
6506:
6503:
6502:
6493:
6492:
6485:
6478:
6470:
6461:
6460:
6438:
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6431:
6430:
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6395:
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6211:
6200:
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5807:
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5753:
5751:
5750:
5744:
5742:
5738:
5737:
5735:
5734:
5733:
5732:
5725:1922 Committee
5721:
5719:
5715:
5714:
5712:
5711:
5705:
5703:
5699:
5698:
5696:
5695:
5690:
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5579:
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5199:
5194:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5143:N. Chamberlain
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5123:Steel-Maitland
5119:
5117:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5028:N. Chamberlain
5025:
5020:
5014:
5012:
5004:
5003:
5001:
5000:
4998:A. Chamberlain
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4945:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4919:
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4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4852:
4850:
4845:House of Lords
4836:
4835:
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4820:
4817:
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4813:
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4803:
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4679:
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4605:
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4527:
4526:
4521:
4519:Shadow Cabinet
4515:
4513:
4509:
4508:
4505:Michael Howard
4501:
4500:
4493:
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4364:
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4340:
4337:
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4315:Michael Ancram
4313:
4310:
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4260:
4255:
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4247:Home Secretary
4243:
4240:Kenneth Clarke
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4225:
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4211:
4207:
4206:
4201:
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4189:
4184:
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4171:Damian Collins
4169:
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4146:
4143:Albert Costain
4141:
4137:
4136:
4128:
4127:
4118:
4111:
4100:
4094:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4065:
4059:
4048:
4040:
4039:External links
4037:
4034:
4033:
4019:
3989:
3959:
3928:
3917:. 24 June 2022
3902:
3871:
3840:
3809:
3783:
3763:
3732:
3701:
3684:Brivati, Brian
3674:
3656:
3630:
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3586:
3560:
3528:
3498:
3468:
3449:
3423:
3397:
3382:. 6 May 2005.
3367:
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3130:
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2814:. 7 May 2003.
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2099:
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2077:
2074:
2069:
2066:
2053:
2050:
2001:Chris Grayling
1993:Kenneth Clarke
1983:Insignia of a
1972:, possibly as
1959:House of Lords
1937:Howard in 2010
1909:Damian Collins
1900:
1897:
1873:George Osborne
1867:
1864:
1837:asylum seekers
1828:
1825:
1804:
1801:
1776:
1773:
1748:George W. Bush
1661:
1658:
1654:Shadow cabinet
1639:Following the
1636:
1633:
1631:respectively.
1617:Ann Widdecombe
1583:Prison Service
1578:
1575:
1556:House of Lords
1552:Lord Donaldson
1497:
1496:Home Secretary
1494:
1442:David Wilshire
1421:
1418:
1414:Albert Costain
1403:Liverpool F.C.
1382:
1379:
1370:
1367:
1325:Kenneth Clarke
1279: Kershion
1270:
1269:
1193:poorly sourced
1166:
1164:
1157:
1151:
1148:
1136:House of Lords
1063:Home Secretary
1013:
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868:
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865:Damian Collins
862:
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853:Albert Costain
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789:
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759:Michael Ancram
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541:Shadow cabinet
539:
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531:
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527:
524:
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519:
514:
508:
507:
502:
496:
495:
490:
488:Prime Minister
484:
483:
473:
472:
466:
465:
463:David Trippier
460:
454:
453:
448:
442:
441:
436:
434:Prime Minister
430:
429:
419:
418:
412:
411:
409:Michael Spicer
406:
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394:
388:
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380:Prime Minister
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331:
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307:Prime Minister
303:
302:
292:
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285:
284:
279:
273:
272:
267:
261:
260:
255:
253:Prime Minister
249:
248:
238:
237:
231:
230:
225:
219:
218:
216:Kenneth Clarke
213:
207:
206:
201:
199:Prime Minister
195:
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184:
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181:Home Secretary
177:
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123:
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117:
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103:Prime Minister
99:
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93:
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88:
78:
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71:
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67:
66:
63:
55:
54:
39:
36:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9959:
9948:
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9937:Welsh lawyers
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9852:Living people
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9583:Gordon Walker
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9380:Gordon Walker
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7997:
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7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7915:
7912:
7910:
7907:
7905:
7904:Joynson-Hicks
7902:
7900:
7897:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7880:
7877:
7875:
7872:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7860:
7857:
7855:
7854:Akers-Douglas
7852:
7850:
7847:
7845:
7842:
7840:
7837:
7835:
7832:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7822:
7820:
7817:
7815:
7812:
7810:
7807:
7805:
7802:
7800:
7797:
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7752:
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7614:
7609:
7600:
7595:
7593:
7588:
7586:
7581:
7580:
7577:
7565:
7564:Richard Ryder
7562:
7560:
7557:
7555:
7554:Norman Fowler
7552:
7551:
7549:
7545:
7540:
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7487:
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7482:
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7472:
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7462:
7460:
7459:
7455:
7453:
7450:
7448:
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7443:
7440:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7432:Norman Lamont
7430:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7403:
7400:
7398:
7397:Jeremy Hanley
7395:
7393:
7392:William Hague
7390:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7382:Roger Freeman
7380:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7370:
7368:
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7360:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7347:Kenneth Baker
7345:
7343:
7340:
7339:
7337:
7333:
7329:
7328:Major Cabinet
7322:
7317:
7315:
7310:
7308:
7303:
7302:
7299:
7288:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
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7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7237:Norman Tebbit
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
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7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
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7208:
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7145:
7143:
7142:Norman Lamont
7140:
7138:
7135:
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7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
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7087:Lord Hailsham
7085:
7083:
7080:
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7065:
7063:
7062:Norman Fowler
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
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7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7032:Mark Carlisle
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7012:Lord Belstead
7010:
7008:
7007:Kenneth Baker
7005:
7003:
7000:
6999:
6997:
6996:
6990:
6986:
6979:
6974:
6972:
6967:
6965:
6960:
6959:
6956:
6946:
6941:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6921:
6919:
6915:
6909:
6906:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6875:
6873:
6869:
6862:
6858:
6855:
6850:
6846:
6845:
6843:
6839:
6836:
6833:
6829:
6826:
6823:
6819:
6816:
6815:
6813:
6809:
6802:
6798:
6797:David Trimble
6795:
6792:
6788:
6785:
6782:
6778:
6775:
6772:
6768:
6765:
6762:
6758:
6755:
6752:
6748:
6745:
6742:
6738:
6735:
6732:
6728:
6725:
6722:
6718:
6715:
6712:
6708:
6705:
6702:
6698:
6695:
6694:
6692:
6688:
6681:
6674:
6670:
6666:
6663:
6659:
6655:
6651:
6650:
6647:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6607:
6604:
6600:
6593:
6588:
6586:
6581:
6579:
6574:
6573:
6570:
6557:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6535:
6534:William Hague
6531:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6519:
6516:
6512:
6504:
6500:
6491:
6486:
6484:
6479:
6477:
6472:
6471:
6468:
6458:
6448:
6436:
6421:
6417:
6414:
6411:
6408:
6405:
6402:
6399:
6396:
6393:
6390:
6387:
6384:
6380:
6376:
6373:
6370:
6367:
6363:
6362:
6360:
6356:
6350:
6347:
6343:
6339:
6336:
6333:
6330:
6326:
6325:
6323:
6319:
6315:
6308:
6304:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6250:
6247:
6240:
6236:
6222:
6219:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6206:
6205:
6202:
6201:
6199:
6195:
6189:
6188:Five Families
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6168:Selsdon Group
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5917:
5915:
5911:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5881:
5879:
5875:
5869:
5868:
5864:
5863:
5861:
5857:
5853:
5846:
5842:
5828:
5825:
5824:
5822:
5818:
5812:
5809:
5808:
5806:
5802:
5796:
5793:
5792:
5790:
5786:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5761:
5759:
5755:
5749:
5746:
5745:
5743:
5739:
5731:
5728:
5727:
5726:
5723:
5722:
5720:
5718:Parliamentary
5716:
5710:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5700:
5694:
5691:
5685:
5682:
5681:
5680:
5677:
5676:
5675:
5672:
5671:
5669:
5665:
5661:
5654:
5650:
5638:
5635:
5634:
5633:
5630:
5626:
5623:
5622:
5621:
5618:
5614:
5611:
5610:
5609:
5606:
5602:
5599:
5598:
5597:
5594:
5590:
5587:
5586:
5585:
5582:
5578:
5575:
5574:
5573:
5570:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5561:
5558:
5554:
5551:
5550:
5549:
5546:
5542:
5539:
5538:
5537:
5534:
5529:
5528:
5527:
5524:
5520:
5517:
5516:
5515:
5512:
5507:
5506:
5505:
5502:
5498:
5495:
5494:
5493:
5490:
5486:
5483:
5482:
5481:
5478:
5477:
5474:
5467:
5463:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5428:
5427:
5424:
5423:
5421:
5417:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5116:
5110:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5011:
5005:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4958:
4954:
4950:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4914:
4908:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4847:
4841:
4837:
4830:
4826:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4712:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4698:Organisations
4696:
4692:
4685:
4681:
4677:
4668:
4663:
4661:
4656:
4654:
4649:
4648:
4645:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4602:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4581:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4560:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4536:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4499:
4494:
4492:
4487:
4485:
4480:
4479:
4476:
4467:
4460:
4458:
4454:
4453:
4446:
4440:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4428:David Cameron
4420:
4419:
4412:
4406:
4401:
4397:
4396:David Cameron
4388:
4387:
4380:
4374:
4370:
4369:Oliver Letwin
4361:
4360:
4353:
4347:
4343:
4334:
4333:
4326:
4320:
4316:
4309:
4308:
4307:William Hague
4300:
4299:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4276:
4275:
4268:
4262:
4258:
4249:
4248:
4241:
4235:
4231:
4222:
4221:
4214:
4208:
4204:
4195:
4194:
4187:
4186:Norman Fowler
4181:
4176:
4172:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4156:
4151:
4144:
4138:
4135:
4131:
4126:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4112:
4110:
4106:
4101:
4098:
4095:
4093:voting record
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4076:
4072:
4069:
4066:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4054:
4053:
4049:
4047:official site
4046:
4043:
4042:
4029:
4023:
4007:
4003:
4002:hospiceuk.org
3999:
3993:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3963:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3932:
3916:
3912:
3906:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3875:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3844:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3813:
3797:
3793:
3787:
3779:
3778:
3773:
3767:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3736:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3705:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3678:
3670:
3669:parliament.uk
3666:
3660:
3644:
3640:
3634:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3614:
3606:
3602:
3601:
3596:
3590:
3574:
3570:
3564:
3548:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3532:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3502:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3472:
3463:
3459:
3453:
3438:
3434:
3427:
3412:
3408:
3401:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3371:
3355:
3351:
3345:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3315:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3285:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3255:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3221:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3190:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3156:
3140:
3134:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3103:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3033:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3003:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2972:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2941:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2911:
2896:
2892:
2885:
2870:
2866:
2859:
2843:
2839:
2833:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2801:
2799:
2791:
2786:
2782:
2781:
2776:
2770:
2768:
2760:
2754:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2724:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2695:
2691:
2685:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2654:
2648:
2642:
2634:
2628:
2613:
2612:
2606:
2600:
2592:
2586:
2582:
2581:
2573:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2553:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2523:
2517:
2501:
2497:
2491:
2475:
2471:
2470:
2465:
2458:
2442:
2438:
2433:
2425:
2409:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2392:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2346:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2329:
2313:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2297:
2281:
2277:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2249:
2247:
2242:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2208:
2198:
2196:
2186:
2184:
2174:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2160:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2085:
2084:
2073:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2049:
2047:
2046:Boris Johnson
2042:
2040:
2036:
2035:Falklands War
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1964:
1963:Norman Lamont
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1935:
1931:
1930:fundraising.
1928:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1880:
1878:
1877:David Cameron
1874:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1856:Lynton Crosby
1852:
1850:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1824:
1820:
1817:
1812:
1810:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1783:
1772:
1770:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1760:The Spectator
1755:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1724:Howard Flight
1722:
1717:
1716:The Spectator
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1687:Ann Winterton
1684:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1667:
1657:
1655:
1649:
1646:
1645:William Hague
1642:
1632:
1629:
1628:royal pardons
1625:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1606:
1605:Jeremy Paxman
1603:
1601:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1577:Controversies
1574:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1515:
1514:death penalty
1511:
1507:
1502:
1493:
1491:
1490:Norman Lamont
1487:
1482:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1462:Norman Fowler
1459:
1454:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1420:In Government
1417:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1378:
1376:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1341:
1336:
1334:
1333:Oswald Mosley
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1266:
1263:
1255:
1252:December 2022
1244:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1213: –
1212:
1208:
1207:Find sources:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1156:
1155:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1128:David Cameron
1125:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1035:Michael Hecht
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1010:
1007:
1002:
998:
994:
991:
989:
985:
981:
977:
961:
956:
952:
948:
945:
939:
936:
933:
929:
925:
921:
916:(age 83)
904:Michael Hecht
902:
898:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
866:
863:
857:
854:
851:
845:
839:
834:
831:
826:
822:
815:
814:
808:
804:
803:
802:Lord Temporal
797:
794:
790:
786:
779:
775:
771:
767:
760:
757:
751:
747:
741:
738:
735:
731:
727:
726:William Hague
719:
714:
711:
707:
704:
701:
695:
692:
689:
683:
680:
677:
673:
667:
662:
659:
655:
652:
649:
643:
640:
637:
631:
628:
627:William Hague
625:
621:
615:
610:
607:
603:
600:
599:Oliver Letwin
597:
591:
588:
585:
579:
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573:
569:
563:
558:
555:
551:
547:
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505:Rhodes Boyson
503:
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196:
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174:David Cameron
172:
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132:David Cameron
130:
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84:
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68:
61:
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34:
29:
26:
22:
9677:
9603:Thorneycroft
9464:
9400:Douglas-Home
9261:
8924:Beaconsfield
8765:
8761:Duncan Smith
8696:Douglas-Home
8242:
8038:
7959:Lloyd George
7954:Maxwell-Fyfe
7529:George Young
7519:Lord Wakeham
7499:John Redwood
7484:Chris Patten
7474:David Mellor
7456:
7442:Peter Lilley
7422:Douglas Hurd
7411:
7407:Douglas Hogg
7357:Peter Brooke
7257:Peter Walker
7247:John Wakeham
7197:Chris Patten
7162:James Mackay
7152:Peter Lilley
7147:Nigel Lawson
7117:Douglas Hurd
7107:David Howell
7096:
7042:Paul Channon
7027:Peter Brooke
7022:Leon Brittan
6993:
6878:Conservative
6871:MPs by party
6737:Alex Salmond
6711:Conservative
6706:
6635:Pre-election
6550:John Redwood
6545:Peter Lilley
6539:
6532:
6263:Bruges Group
5865:
5667:Professional
5620:October 2022
5564:
5553:Duncan Smith
5383: /
5374: /
5365: /
5356: /
5332: /
5323: /
5299: /
5227:Thorneycroft
5190: /
5077:
5073:Duncan Smith
5048:Douglas-Home
5033:W. Churchill
4978:R. Churchill
4955: /
4951: /
4939:
4881:Beaconsfield
4781:Fourth Party
4746:Carlton Club
4504:
4459:
4456:
4450:
4416:
4384:
4357:
4330:
4305:
4302:1997
4296:
4291:
4272:
4245:
4218:
4191:
4148:
4114:
4050:
4027:
4022:
4010:. Retrieved
4001:
3992:
3980:. Retrieved
3971:
3962:
3950:. Retrieved
3941:
3931:
3919:. Retrieved
3914:
3905:
3893:. Retrieved
3884:
3874:
3862:. Retrieved
3853:
3843:
3831:. Retrieved
3823:The Guardian
3822:
3812:
3800:. Retrieved
3786:
3775:
3766:
3754:. Retrieved
3746:The Guardian
3745:
3735:
3723:. Retrieved
3715:The Guardian
3714:
3704:
3696:the original
3691:
3682:Dale, Iain;
3677:
3668:
3659:
3647:. Retrieved
3633:
3622:
3613:
3605:the original
3598:
3589:
3577:. Retrieved
3573:the original
3563:
3551:. Retrieved
3547:the original
3540:
3531:
3519:. Retrieved
3510:
3501:
3489:. Retrieved
3480:
3471:
3461:
3452:
3440:. Retrieved
3436:
3426:
3414:. Retrieved
3411:The Guardian
3410:
3400:
3388:. Retrieved
3379:
3370:
3358:. Retrieved
3344:
3332:. Retrieved
3323:
3314:
3302:. Retrieved
3293:
3284:
3272:. Retrieved
3263:
3254:
3242:. Retrieved
3231:The Guardian
3230:
3220:
3208:. Retrieved
3200:The Guardian
3199:
3189:
3177:. Retrieved
3166:The Guardian
3165:
3155:
3143:. Retrieved
3133:
3121:. Retrieved
3112:
3102:
3090:. Retrieved
3081:
3071:
3063:
3051:. Retrieved
3042:
3032:
3020:. Retrieved
3011:
3002:
2990:. Retrieved
2981:
2971:
2959:. Retrieved
2951:The Guardian
2950:
2940:
2928:. Retrieved
2919:
2910:
2898:. Retrieved
2894:
2884:
2872:. Retrieved
2868:
2858:
2846:. Retrieved
2832:
2820:. Retrieved
2809:
2790:The Guardian
2789:
2785:the original
2780:The Guardian
2778:
2758:
2741:. Retrieved
2727:
2698:. Retrieved
2684:
2672:. Retrieved
2664:The Guardian
2663:
2653:
2641:
2627:
2615:. Retrieved
2611:Inner Temple
2608:
2599:
2579:
2572:
2561:
2552:
2542:11 September
2540:. Retrieved
2531:The Observer
2529:
2516:
2504:. Retrieved
2490:
2478:. Retrieved
2469:The Guardian
2467:
2457:
2445:. Retrieved
2436:
2424:
2412:. Retrieved
2403:The Guardian
2401:
2391:
2379:. Retrieved
2370:
2361:
2349:. Retrieved
2338:
2328:
2316:. Retrieved
2305:
2296:
2284:. Retrieved
2257:
2222:
2207:Conservatism
2071:
2068:Charity work
2055:
2043:
2016:
2005:
1990:
1967:
1950:
1940:
1924:
1913:
1902:
1889:Labour Party
1881:
1869:
1853:
1845:
1830:
1821:
1813:
1806:
1796:
1787:
1780:
1778:
1766:
1758:
1756:
1736:
1715:
1711:
1692:Danny Kruger
1680:
1669:
1650:
1638:
1621:
1612:
1610:
1598:
1580:
1559:
1545:
1537:
1519:
1503:
1499:
1486:Earth Summit
1478:
1450:
1423:
1407:
1384:
1372:
1356:
1345:
1340:Inner Temple
1337:
1329:Labour Party
1314:
1295:
1291:
1273:
1258:
1249:
1239:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1206:
1195:
1178:verification
1171:
1121:
1102:
1067:
1053:, including
1034:
1017:
1016:
943:affiliations
935:Conservative
860:Succeeded by
837:
819:20 July 2010
813:Life peerage
811:
800:
754:Succeeded by
717:
698:Succeeded by
665:
646:Succeeded by
613:
594:Succeeded by
561:
512:Succeeded by
477:
458:Succeeded by
423:
404:Succeeded by
369:
335:Succeeded by
296:
277:Succeeded by
242:
223:Succeeded by
188:
169:Succeeded by
146:
127:Succeeded by
96:Elizabeth II
82:
25:
9787:1941 births
9089:Strathclyde
8573:Chamberlain
8543:Hicks Beach
8347:Jayawardena
7489:John Patten
7479:Tony Newton
7452:Lord Mackay
7387:John Gummer
7227:Lord Soames
7207:Francis Pym
7182:Tony Newton
7172:Angus Maude
7082:Lord Havers
7077:John Gummer
7072:Lord Gowrie
7017:John Biffen
6767:Mark Durkan
6761:Plaid Cymru
6747:Gerry Adams
6727:Ian Paisley
6620:MPs elected
6258:Bright Blue
6243:Think tanks
6204:List of MPs
6197:Politicians
6138:No Campaign
6128:Monday Club
6118:Fresh Start
5757:Subnational
4973:Hicks Beach
4942:(1848–1849)
4916:(1834–1922)
4849:(1828–1922)
4342:John Maples
4230:John Gummer
4121:Appearances
4055:1803–2005:
3772:"No. 59808"
3756:15 December
3725:15 December
3619:"No. 59491"
3442:18 November
3416:18 November
3390:19 December
3123:19 November
2961:15 December
2700:23 February
2558:"No. 38207"
2522:Cohen, Nick
2039:Theresa May
2023:Sophy Ridge
1999:. Instead,
1866:Resignation
1833:immigration
1683:David Davis
1615:interview,
1587:Derek Lewis
1561:ultra vires
1466:closed shop
1375:Sandra Paul
1352:trade union
1298:eleven-plus
960:Sandra Paul
914:7 July 1941
848:Preceded by
744:Preceded by
686:Preceded by
651:John Maples
634:Preceded by
582:Preceded by
517:John Gummer
500:Preceded by
446:Preceded by
392:Preceded by
323:Preceded by
282:John Gummer
265:Preceded by
211:Preceded by
157:Preceded by
115:Preceded by
9932:Welsh Jews
9781:Categories
9693:Widdecombe
9663:Hattersley
9653:Hattersley
9515:Thornberry
9450:Cunningham
9227:Hattersley
9064:Carrington
9059:Shackleton
9054:Carrington
8904:Malmesbury
8854:Wellington
8844:Wellington
8834:Wellington
8646:Lees-Smith
8528:Hartington
8503:Palmerston
8024:Waddington
7949:Chuter Ede
7764:Palmerston
7729:Wellington
7674:Hawkesbury
7458:John Major
7417:David Hunt
7212:Peter Rees
7177:John Moore
7167:John Major
7112:David Hunt
6697:Tony Blair
6669:Tony Blair
6658:Tony Blair
6652:Incumbent
6510:John Major
5920:2020 group
5741:Conference
5381:Stephenson
5344:McLoughlin
5217:Carrington
4891:Devonshire
4866:Malmesbury
4856:Wellington
4833:Leadership
4422:2003–2005
4390:2003–2005
4363:2001–2003
4336:1997–1999
4325:John Major
4292:New office
4267:Jack Straw
4257:Jack Straw
4251:1993–1997
4224:1992–1993
4197:1990–1992
3982:12 January
3952:10 January
3802:2011-06-11
3748:. London.
3717:. London.
2953:. London.
2755:required.)
2472:. London.
2237:References
2108:Supporters
2101:Escutcheon
2019:Article 50
1899:Retirement
1885:Tony Blair
1841:travellers
1739:Tony Blair
1696:Sedgefield
1664:See also:
1624:John Haase
1566:High Court
1446:Section 28
1222:newspapers
1150:Early life
1051:John Major
988:Alma mater
910:1941-07-07
737:John Major
691:Jack Straw
679:John Major
639:John Major
316:John Major
258:John Major
228:Jack Straw
204:John Major
108:Tony Blair
9683:Mawhinney
9613:Callaghan
9505:Alexander
9410:Callaghan
9297:McDonnell
9177:Callaghan
9167:Gaitskell
9084:Cranborne
8964:Kimberley
8949:Kimberley
8944:Granville
8934:Granville
8919:Granville
8899:Granville
8884:Granville
8859:Melbourne
8849:Melbourne
8819:Grenville
8721:Callaghan
8681:Gaitskell
8666:Churchill
8656:Greenwood
8631:Henderson
8621:MacDonald
8611:MacDonald
8548:Gladstone
8538:Gladstone
8533:Northcote
8523:Gladstone
8513:Gladstone
8238:Heseltine
8208:Heseltine
8104:Braverman
8094:Braverman
8054:C. Clarke
8034:K. Clarke
7984:Callaghan
7944:Somervell
7899:Henderson
7894:Bridgeman
7864:Churchill
7859:Gladstone
7724:Duncannon
7719:Melbourne
7709:Lansdowne
7684:Liverpool
7649:Grenville
7629:Townshend
7624:Shelburne
7202:Jim Prior
7187:John Nott
6929:Peter Law
6849:Edinburgh
6751:Sinn Féin
6560:*Withdrew
6253:Bow Group
6214:2010–2015
6209:2005–2010
5702:Voluntary
5277:Parkinson
5272:Mawhinney
5232:Parkinson
5197:Blakenham
5043:Macmillan
4968:Northcote
4896:Lansdowne
4886:Salisbury
4452:Gentlemen
3360:30 August
3334:28 August
3304:28 August
3274:28 August
3239:0261-3077
3210:29 August
3174:0261-3077
3092:4 January
3043:The Times
2895:The Times
2743:2 October
2414:15 August
2159:Biography
2056:In 2015,
1943:life peer
1922:members.
1797:Newsnight
1788:Newsnight
1782:Newsnight
1752:Karl Rove
1613:Newsnight
1600:Newsnight
1546:A former
1348:Bow Group
1287:Auschwitz
1174:citations
920:Gorseinon
838:In office
718:In office
666:In office
614:In office
562:In office
478:In office
424:In office
370:In office
297:In office
243:In office
189:In office
147:In office
83:In office
9766:Cleverly
9746:(Acting)
9713:Grayling
9643:Whitelaw
9618:Williams
9495:Miliband
9420:Maudling
9390:Maudling
9257:Portillo
9182:Maudling
9009:Hailsham
8959:Rosebery
8914:Richmond
8781:Miliband
8716:Thatcher
8676:Morrison
8636:Lansbury
8558:Harcourt
8518:Disraeli
8508:Disraeli
8498:Disraeli
8488:Disraeli
8483:Disraeli
8465:Bentinck
8425:Ponsonby
8337:Villiers
8317:Paterson
8302:Miliband
8277:Prescott
8198:Crosland
8109:Cleverly
8049:Blunkett
8009:Whitelaw
7989:Maudling
7939:Morrison
7934:Anderson
7834:Matthews
7829:Childers
7819:Harcourt
7744:Normanby
7734:Goulburn
7694:Sidmouth
7659:Portland
7437:Ian Lang
7427:Tom King
7137:Tom King
6924:Reg Keys
6917:See also
6838:Scotland
6133:92 Group
5925:Activate
5497:Thatcher
5436:Whitelaw
5431:Maudling
5419:See also
5354:Cleverly
5222:Whitelaw
5178:Hailsham
5163:Assheton
5138:Davidson
5058:Thatcher
4963:Disraeli
4949:Disraeli
4928:Bentinck
4876:Richmond
4512:Politics
4071:Archived
4012:10 March
4006:Archived
3976:Archived
3946:Archived
3915:BBC News
3889:Archived
3858:Archived
3827:Archived
3796:Archived
3750:Archived
3719:Archived
3643:Archived
3600:BBC News
3579:17 April
3553:27 March
3521:17 April
3515:Archived
3511:BBC News
3485:Archived
3384:Archived
3380:BBC News
3354:Archived
3328:Archived
3324:BBC News
3298:Archived
3294:BBC News
3268:Archived
3264:BBC News
3204:Archived
3117:Archived
3113:BBC News
3086:Archived
3047:Archived
3016:Archived
3012:BBC News
2986:Archived
2955:Archived
2930:17 April
2924:Archived
2920:BBC News
2842:Archived
2822:11 March
2816:Archived
2811:BBC News
2694:Archived
2674:29 April
2668:Archived
2617:25 March
2536:Archived
2500:Archived
2474:Archived
2447:6 August
2441:Archived
2408:Archived
2375:Archived
2351:13 April
2345:Archived
2312:Archived
2307:BBC News
2280:Archived
2260:. 2007.
2171:Politics
2132:See also
2027:Sky News
1764:before.
1434:Big Bang
1397:seat of
1369:Marriage
1283:Llanelli
1200:libelous
979:Children
543:offices
9733:Burnham
9718:Johnson
9658:Kaufman
9638:Gilmour
9623:Jenkins
9593:Soskice
9578:Younger
9445:Kaufman
9282:Johnson
9277:Darling
9272:Osborne
9197:Jenkins
9192:Macleod
9157:Stanley
9079:Richard
9039:Addison
9029:Addison
9014:Parmoor
8999:Parmoor
8994:Haldane
8969:Spencer
8894:Russell
8869:Stanley
8796:Starmer
8771:Cameron
8741:Beckett
8731:Kinnock
8626:Baldwin
8616:Baldwin
8606:Asquith
8601:Maclean
8596:Asquith
8578:Balfour
8568:Balfour
8553:Balfour
8493:Russell
8479:Herries
8460:Russell
8450:Russell
8440:Althorp
8430:Tierney
8357:Barclay
8342:Eustice
8327:Leadsom
8312:Spelman
8297:Beckett
8069:Johnson
8014:Brittan
7999:Jenkins
7979:Jenkins
7974:Soskice
7919:Gilmour
7869:McKenna
7849:Ritchie
7839:Asquith
7794:Walpole
7774:Walpole
7759:Walpole
7739:Russell
7679:Spencer
6934:Vote-OK
6818:England
6791:Respect
6630:Parties
6321:Current
5601:Johnson
5577:Cameron
5363:Milling
5339:Feldman
5334:Feldman
5325:Feldman
5316:Pickles
5311:Spelman
5301:Saatchi
5202:du Cann
5188:Macleod
5168:Woolton
5158:Dugdale
5153:Hacking
5133:Jackson
5128:Younger
5093:Johnson
5083:Cameron
5023:Baldwin
4988:Balfour
4957:Herries
4688:History
4620:Related
4109:YouTube
4077:profile
4052:Hansard
3921:26 June
3895:3 April
3864:3 April
3833:3 April
3649:24 June
3244:25 July
3179:25 July
3145:25 July
3082:The Tab
3053:3 April
3022:3 April
2992:3 April
2848:12 July
2318:21 July
2286:12 June
2145:Portals
2010:in the
1945:in the
1712:The Sun
1700:Devizes
1573:cases.
1539:The Sun
1428:at the
1385:At the
1365:group.
1236:scholar
1122:At the
1074:Romania
1070:Swansea
973:
965:
926:, Wales
924:Swansea
92:Monarch
9761:Cooper
9751:Abbott
9738:Abbott
9728:Cooper
9708:Grieve
9698:Letwin
9688:Fowler
9678:Howard
9633:Joseph
9500:Cooper
9480:Ancram
9470:Maples
9465:Howard
9440:Healey
9425:Davies
9415:Rippon
9405:Healey
9395:Soames
9385:Butler
9375:Wilson
9370:Healey
9360:Robens
9307:Reeves
9292:Leslie
9267:Letwin
9262:Howard
9247:Lilley
9242:Clarke
9217:Healey
9202:Healey
9172:Wilson
9162:Butler
9044:Jowitt
8909:Cairns
8791:Corbyn
8786:Harman
8776:Harman
8766:Howard
8706:Wilson
8691:Wilson
8671:Attlee
8661:Attlee
8641:Attlee
8591:Carson
8587:Vacant
8475:Granby
8470:Granby
8420:Howick
8352:Coffey
8248:Gummer
8243:Howard
8233:Patten
8228:Ridley
8218:Jenkin
8193:Rippon
8188:Walker
8114:Cooper
8099:Shapps
8039:Howard
7969:Brooke
7964:Butler
7914:Samuel
7909:Clynes
7889:Shortt
7879:Samuel
7844:Ridley
7749:Graham
7664:Pelham
7654:Dundas
7644:Sydney
7639:Temple
6888:Labour
6701:Labour
6673:Labour
6662:Labour
6358:Former
6283:Onward
6221:London
5565:Howard
5446:Ancram
5441:Lilley
5410:Fuller
5405:Holden
5395:Zahawi
5385:Elliot
5376:Elliot
5372:Dowden
5367:Elliot
5358:Elliot
5330:Shapps
5282:Ancram
5267:Hanley
5262:Fowler
5257:Patten
5247:Brooke
5242:Tebbit
5237:Gummer
5212:Thomas
5207:Barber
5183:Butler
5078:Howard
4953:Granby
4940:vacant
4933:Granby
4901:Curzon
4871:Cairns
4736:Tories
4714:Topics
4125:C-SPAN
3237:
3172:
2900:7 July
2874:7 July
2749:
2587:
2272:
2227:Acting
2031:Brexit
1955:Lympne
1839:, and
1816:Putney
1708:Slough
1532:, the
1395:Labour
1310:tripos
1238:
1231:
1224:
1217:
1209:
1140:Brexit
1033:(born
954:Spouse
949:(1961)
947:Labour
733:Leader
675:Leader
623:Leader
571:Leader
9743:Brown
9723:Balls
9703:Davis
9673:Straw
9668:Blair
9628:Prior
9598:Boyle
9588:Brown
9525:Lammy
9520:Nandy
9490:Hague
9475:Maude
9460:Major
9435:Shore
9365:Bevan
9302:Dodds
9287:Balls
9252:Maude
9237:Brown
9232:Smith
9222:Shore
9187:Heath
9069:Peart
9024:Snell
8984:Crewe
8974:Ripon
8889:Derby
8801:Sunak
8756:Hague
8751:Major
8746:Blair
8736:Smith
8711:Heath
8701:Heath
8686:Brown
8322:Truss
8223:Baker
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